Switched-Capacitor CMFB

CC: Generated common-mode signal CS: Sets the DC bias of CC Wide swing (rail-to-rail) Used in switched-capacitor circuits Prone to charge injection Capacitive loading
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Two-Stage op-amp

CMFB Compensation Issues

VBP Q7 Q8

VBP Q8

VBCP Q5 Vout+ VBCN Q3 Vin+ Q1 Q2 Q4 VinQ6 Vout-

VBCP Q6 VoutVBCN Q4

VinCMFB Q9

Q2

VCM

VCNTRL Q9/2 CMFB

CMFB usually has lower fT: (Desired) Potential instability if other non-dominant poles contribute Simpler CMFB circuit: More stable!
Two-Stage op-amp 2007 S. J. Ashtiani 34

Class-A/AB Stages: Rabii 97

Q9 Q7 VCMFB1 Q8 VinQ1 Vo1Q1 Vo1+ VBN Q10

Vo+

CC

Vin+

CC

Vo-

Q11

Q5

Q3

Q4

Q6

Q12

Two independent CMFB circuits are required Class A/AB: Output bias currents changes with input voltage t= gm1/CC P2=(gm11+Kgm5)/CL, P3=gm7/(Cgs7+Cgs9) SR: Not limited by the second stage
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Two-Stage op-amp

Class-AB Stages: Hogervorst 94

Class AB For symmetry: IQ3=IQ4 (in quiescent mode) For Maximum positive half: IQ3=0, For Maximum negative half: IQ4=0,

Rail-to-Rail output swing

Two-Stage op-amp

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OTA with Nested Miller Compensation

Compensation of three-stage OTAs 3poles, 2 zeros: P1 = 1 /( g m1R1 g m 2 R2 R0Cm 2 ) If Cm>>C1,C2:

P2 = g m1 g m 2 (g m 2 g m1 )Cm1 P3 g m 2 g m1 C1 + C2

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One RHP and One LHP Zero

Two-Stage op-amp

Z1, 2 =

|RHP|<|LHP| Negative phase!

g m1 1 1 + 4 g m 2 C m 2 2C m 2 g m1C m1

2007 S. J. Ashtiani

Ahuja Compensation (Ahuja 83)

Input stage not loaded by CC Eliminates the RHP Zero Larger P2

t=-gm1/CC P2=-gm2/(CC+CL)CC/C1

Additional power consumption Better high-Frequency PSRR

2007 S. J. Ashtiani 38

Two-Stage op-amp

Cascode Compensation (Ribner 84)

Faster SR Larger BW for same CC No additional current path Very Difficult to compensate

Third-order system One real and two complex poles

Two-Stage op-amp

2007 S. J. Ashtiani

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Cascode Compensation :Small-Signal Model

g m1 g m 2 g m 3 C 2 CC s 2 2 C2CT H ( s) = g (C + CC ) fg m1CC 2 g m 2 g m 3CC fg m1 g m 2 g m3 s s s3 + m2 L + + 2 2 2 CT C2CT C 2CT

Two-Stage op-amp 2007 S. J. Ashtiani 40

Cascode Compensation: Closed-Loop Settling

Two-Stage op-amp

2007 S. J. Ashtiani

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