Introduction to NS-2

Part 4. Queuing Simulation

Min Chen School of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul National University

Outline

The Queuing System The Simulation Design Implementation in NS-2

OTcl AWK script GNUplot script Parameters from command line Batch Script

Random Seed and Distribution in NS-2 An Exponential Traffic Example

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The Queuing System

Rate: /h Events Generator Queuing System

Rate: /h Server

...
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Simulation Design

There should be 3 scenarios to verify the impact of the 3 kind of queuing systems
1)Event Rate <= Service Rate 2)Event Rate > Service Rate & Queuing Length is finite 3)Event Rate > Service Rate & Queuing Length is infinite

End to End Delay can represents the network capacity in this simulation

Queuing Simulation in ns-2

cbr

udp

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Review of Otcl Script

#======================================== # Beginning of the simulation #======================================== #initiate a simulator set ns [new Simulator] set nf [open out.nam w] $ns namtrace-all $nf set nd [open out.tr w] $ns trace-all $nd #======================================== # nodes configuration #======================================== set n0 [$ns node] set n1 [$ns node]

Queuing Simulation in ns-2

Review of Otcl Script (2)

#======================================== # Configure the Link and the queue length #======================================== $ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail $ns queue-limit $n0 $n1 10 #======================================== # Setup UDP connection #======================================== set udp0 [new Agent/UDP] $ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0 set null0 [new Agent/Null] $ns attach-agent $n1 $null0 $ns connect $udp0 $null0
8 Service Rate Service Rate

Queuing Length Queuing Length

Queuing Simulation in ns-2

udp

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Review of Otcl Script (3)

#======================================== # Setup Exponential Traffic #======================================== set traffic0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR] $traffic0 set packetSize_ 1000 $traffic0 set rate_ 1Mb $traffic0 attach-agent $udp0 #======================================== # For the Animation #======================================== $ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 orient right $ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 queuePos 0.5 $udp0 set fid_ 1 $ns color 1 Red
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Event EventRate Rate

Queuing Simulation in ns-2

cbr

udp

null

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Review of Otcl Script (4)

#======================================== # End of the simulation #======================================== proc finish { } { global ns nf nd $ns flush-trace close $nf close $nd exec nam out.nam & exit 0 } $ns at 0.5 "$traffic0 start" $ns at 4.5 "$traffic0 stop" $ns at 5.0 "finish" $ns run
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Review of AWK : Delay Calculation

BEGIN { highest_packet_id=0; } { Action = $1; time = $2; From = $3; to = $4; type = $5; pktsize = $6; flow_id = $8; src = $9; dst = $10; seq_no = $11; packet_id = $12; if ( packet_id > highest_packet_id ) highest_packet_id = packet_id; if ( start_time[packet_id] == 0 ) start_time[packet_id] = time; if( action == "r" ) { end_time[packet_id] = time; } else { end_time[packet_id] = -1;}

} END{ for(packet_id=0; packet_id < highest_packet_id; packet_id++) { start = start_time[packet_id]; end = end_time[packet_id]; packet_duration = end-start; if( start < end ) printf("%f %f\n",start, packet_duration); } }

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Simulation Work

ns 4-cbr-queuing.tcl

To run the OTcl Script To calculate real-time delay Queuing Length: 10, Data Rate: 1Mb

awk -f delay.awk out.tr > cbr-delay-10-1.txt

Change the data rate and the queuing length

cbr-delay-10-1.txt cbr-delay-10-1.5.txt cbr-delay-10000-1.5.txt

Queuing Length: 10, Data Rate: 1.5Mb

Queuing Length: 10000, Data Rate: 1.5Mb

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Animations for Simulation

Queuing Length: Queuing Length:10 10 Date Rate: 1Mb Date Rate: 1Mb Queuing Length: 10 Queuing Length: 10 Data Rate: 1.5 Mb Data Rate: 1.5 Mb Queuing Length: Queuing Length:10000 10000 Data Rate: 1.5Mb Data Rate: 1.5Mb

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Review of GNUplot
gpl script cbr-compare.gpl:
set title "CBR Delay Comparison" set xlabel "Simulation Time (s)" set ylabel "Delay (s)" set terminal png set output "cbr_delay.png" plot "cbr-delay-10-1.txt" with lines 1, "cbr-delay-10-1.5.txt" with lines 2, "cbr-delay-10000-1.5.txt" with lines 3

~$ gnuplot cbr-compare.gpl
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To make simluation efficiency

Introduction of parameters from command line

Add to OTcl Script:

#======================================== # Parameters: Queue Length and Event Rate #======================================== set QueueLength [lindex $argv 0] set Rate [lindex $argv 1]

Modify the two statements:

$ns queue-limit $n0 $n1 $QueueLength $traffic0 set rate_ [expr $Rate*1.0]Mb

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Pass values of the parameters

When you run simulations, put the value of the parameters by the end of the command, divided by space Examples:

We need Queuing Length=10, Data Rate=1.5Mb

~$ ns 4-cbr-queuing.tcl 10 1

We need Queuing Length=10, Data Rate=1.5Mb

~$ ns 4-cbr-queuing.tcl 10 1.5

We need Queuing Length=10000, Data Rate=1.5Mb

~$ ns 4-cbr-queuing.tcl 10000 1.5
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More Efficiency?

To use batch processing to make everything in one statement! An example of Batch Script (cbr-compare.bat):
ns 4-cbr-queuing.tcl 10 1.0 awk -f delay.awk out.tr > cbr-delay-10-1.txt ns 4-cbr-queuing.tcl 10 1.5 awk -f delay.awk out.tr > cbr-delay-10-1.5.txt ns 4-cbr-queuing.tcl 10000 1.5 awk -f delay.awk out.tr > cbr-delay-10000-1.5.txt gnuplot cbr-compare.gpl

Run it in the terminal ~$ sh cbr-compare.bat

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Result

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Random Seed and Distribution

Random Seed a seed to produce random numbers in a predict interval

Make the random number different in each simulation Random everytime Follows a certain behavior in a long term view The behavior in statistical view Famous Distributions: Uniform, Exponential, Poisson
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Random Numbers

Distribution

Exponential Random Numbers

Set rng [new RNG] $rng seed 1 Set random0 [new RandomVariable/Exponential] $random0 use-rng $rng $random0 avg_ 10.0 For {set i 1} {$i <= 100} {incr i} { Puts [$random0 value] }
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Specific Traffic Flows: Exponential

#======================================== # Parameters: Queue Length and Event Rate #======================================== set QueueLength [lindex $argv 0] set Rate [lindex $argv 1] #======================================== # Beginning of the simulation #======================================== #initiate a simulator set ns [new Simulator] set nf [open out.nam w] $ns namtrace-all $nf set nd [open out.tr w] $ns trace-all $nd #======================================== # nodes configuration #======================================== set n0 [$ns node] set n1 [$ns node]

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Specific Traffic Flows: Exponential(2)

#======================================== # Configure the Link and the queue length #======================================== $ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail $ns queue-limit $n0 $n1 $QueueLength #======================================== # Setup UDP connection #======================================== set udp0 [new Agent/UDP] $ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0 set null0 [new Agent/Null] $ns attach-agent $n1 $null0 $ns connect $udp0 $null0

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Specific Traffic Flows: Exponential(3)

#======================================== # Setup Exponential Traffic #======================================== set traffic0 [new Application/Traffic/Exponential] $traffic0 set packetSize_ 1000 $traffic0 set burst_time_ 0.5 $traffic0 set idle_time_ 0 $traffic0 set rate_ [expr $Rate*1.0]Mb $traffic0 attach-agent $udp0 #======================================== # For the Animation #======================================== $ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 orient right $ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 queuePos 0.5 $udp0 set fid_ 1 $ns color 1 Red
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Burst Time and Idle Time

In exponential traffic, the system assume that in some periods the application is sending packets while in some other periods it stay idle Thus in simulations, we have specify the burst time and idle time

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Specific Traffic Flows: Exponential(4)

#======================================== # End of the simulation #======================================== proc finish { } { global ns nf nd $ns flush-trace close $nf close $nd exec nam out.nam & exit 0 } $ns at 0.5 "$traffic0 start" $ns at 4.5 "$traffic0 stop" $ns at 5.0 "finish" $ns run
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