WEIGHT OF flUID . - FOOT - _ OF F .

ONE FCUBIC THEORETICAl TOROUE TO ORIVE GRAVITY lllPUT HORSEPO'NER FORCE 231 ACTUAl TOROUE TO DRIVE flOW (GPM) \JSPECIFIC INTERNAl AREA (Square Inches) UNIT TIME (Minute) AREA (Square Inches) THEORETICAl FLOW RATE OUTPUT {GPMJ "VOLUME NEVI SPEED {RPM} 250,000 lapprox.) PRESSURE (PSI) x FLOW (GPM) .3208 x(fXJUnds) flOW RATE THROUGH 1.0. (GPM) 1714 x EFFICIE/ICY =~ .32080 (Ov-r:raU) RPM xRATE PUMP DISPlACEMENT (Cu. In.lRev.) = 1714 U/IIT FlO'N RATE OUTPUT (GFM) x OF PRESSURE (psi) 0 = 1 T 231 AOf 4 8M pSI ADDITIONAL A62.4283 SUS 4.635 =!!k 100 OUTPUT HORSEPOWER x 100 .2253xSUS-~ SUS pv Approximately = ~ .2193 VOLUMETRIC x SUS flOW Elf. _ 134.6 xx R.I,TEOUTPUT MECHANICAL (GPMJ Elf x 100 A 1714 Elf 712 1714E1f m HP" (psi) x VOLUME Oil UNDER PRESSURE = 2!!.. PRESSURE .!:.x XACTUAL DIAMETER' RADIUS> (psi) (Inches) x (Inches) NET AREA (Square Inct.es) r Elf", F =psixAorF=PA EIf,'CL x x OF EIf.EOt TACT. O",ro A EIf.EO! = TTHED r[ orA =_ _ .78S[ VOLUME (Gallons) FORCE PRESSURE P V AREA SPECIAC GRAVITY BULK MODULUS THE FLUID =~ CElITISTOKES OVERAll EFACIENCY SG = _W_ CEIITISTOKES CS = .2253 SUS 194.4 0 VA= 25O,ooolapprox.) _O_P or GPM \/2% x psi Per 1000 psi x 100 CIP) = VELOCITY HORSEPOWER MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY INPUT HP flOW VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY .2193 134.6 CENTISTOKES c.s SUS VALVE --1- FACTOR (e., X ) 100 Elfa, EIf~. c., = a VSG AREA

FLUID POWER FORMULAS

flEW PRESSURE (PSI) == =A FORMULA: = lETTER FORMULA = IfiP =Y.. RPMM PH = = BASIC FORMULAS 8'0 = RATEDHAS. x RPM, x = RATED PUMP LIFE HOURS x RATEDSPEED (RPM) x ( RATEDPRESSUREf-;:i (PSI) J \ FORMULAS
J

WORD FORMULA FORMULA:

B

HOURS OF BEARING LIFE

FLUID POWER FORMULAS

ACTUATOR FORMULAS . FORMULA FOR: WORD FORMULA
VELOCITY = 12 231

CONTINUED LETTER FORMULA

CYLINDER VELOCITY or SPEED In FeetJSerond CYLINDER VOLUME CAPACITY In Gallons of Fluid

60

x x

flOW RATE

(GP!.1)

2310 ory

.32080

IIET AREA (Square Inches)

72M

VOLUME

r X RADiUS'
IIET AREA

(Inches) 231

x STROKE (Inches)
x
STROKE (Inches)

= rf'
221

I I=
or

(Slrwe Inches)
231

=~

Length 01 Slroke

231

CYlINDER flOW

RATE

flOW

R~TE

12

60

VELOCITY (FeevSec) 231

NET AREA (Square InCl1es)

In Gallons Per Minute flUID MOTOR TOROUE

= 720vA 231

0 = 3.117yA

TOROUE

PRESSURE (psi)

F.M. DISPLACEMENT (Cu. In.lRev.)

In Inch Pounds

2r

HORSEPOWER RPM

63025

= 63025 HP n

FLOW RATE (GPM)

PRESSURE (psi) RPM

x 36.77
n HP T,=

36.770P or T = 36.770psi

flUID

MOTOR TOROUE/100 psi

TOROUE/loo psi -

In Inch Pounds FLUID MOTOR SPEED In RevoIulions/Minule FLUID MOTOR POWER In Horsepower Output _ -

F.M. DISPLACEMENT (Cu. Inches/RevotuDon) .0628

Tn 2310

=-dd = 63025 .0628

SPEED

231 flOW RATE (GPM) F.M. DISPLACEMENT (Cu. Inches/Revolution)

HORSEPOWER

TORQUE OUTPUT (Inch Pounds) 63025

RPM

THERMAL

FORMULAS

NOTE: ONE BRITISH THERMAL UNIT (BTU) IS THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REOUIREDTO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF ONE POUND OF WATER OIlE OEGREEF.AHRENHBT.ONE HORSEPOWER = 2545 BTU/HR. RESERVOIR COOUNG CAPACITY
BASED ON ADEQUATE AIR CIRCULATION

HEAT (BTU/HR)

TEMPERATURE OJFFERENCEBffi'/EEN

RESERVOIRWAlLS AND AIR (oF) BTUIHR

x AREA OF RESERVOIR(SO. Ft)

HEAT IN HYDRAULIC OIL (approx.)
DUE TO SYSTEM INEFFICIENCY (SG

2.0

AT

I
.89 -

HEAT (BTU/HR)

Fl(J.'I1WE

(GPM)

210

TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE(oF)

BTU/HR

x x

210

x x

AT

.92) HEAT IN FRESH WATER (approx.) tHEAT (BTU/HR) = FLOW RATE (GPAt)

500

TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE(OF)

BTU/HR

500

AT

PRESSURE
NOTE: SEE PAGES 79 THROUGH 84 FOR INFORMATION

DROP FORMULAS

ACCUMULATOR
NOTE: SEE PAGES 130 AND 131 FORADDITIONAL INFORMATION

FORMULAS
Where UP"

psia(ABSOLUTf}

psig (GAUGE PRESSURE)

14.7 psi

FORMULA

FOR:

WORD FORMULA:
ORlGIIIAL PRESSURE

lETTER =. FIfIAL
PRESSURE

FORMULA:
lsothermic

PRESSURE OR VOLUME . w/Constant

PRESSURE

"r

ORIGINAL VOLUME

FINAL VOLUME

P, V,

P, V,

(Temperature) . ORIGIIW: PRESSURE

OR TEMPERATURE

x FIIJAi. m,IPERATURE

;; FlllAlPRESSURE

X ORIG. TEMPERATURE

P, T,

= P, T, lsochoric

w/ Constant "V" (Volume)

VOLUME OR TEMPERATURE

ORIGII/AL VOLUME X AI/AL TEI,IPERATURE

= FINAL VOLUME

ORIGINAL TEMPERATURE

V, T,

V, T, Isobaric

w/Constant "P" (Pressure)

PRESSURE OR VOLUME

ORIGINAL PRESSURE

x ORIGIIIAL VOLUME" ...= FINAL PRESSURE x FINAL VOLUME"

.......... i;,; ORIG. FIlIAL VOLUME\ VOLUMFj

w/Tempetalure Change Due To Heat of Compression U.S. 1 .037037 .0005787 .00002143 i,48052 28.317 .004329 .016384 1 1728 1 .0160184 .119825 .004951 201.974 764.56 .001308 1.20032 .0353145 .160459 .264170 1 .133681 4.54374 1 3.78543 27 .453592 2 277.274 31 27.6798 61.0234 .0005929 .0059429 46.656 Liters

FINAL TEMP. TEMP. ORIG.

.>

",:,eINAL ORIS. PRESSURE PRESSURE

l'"
Water at Max. Oensity 39.2 F 4 C

~~

VOLUME&CAPACITY

Gar:u.1S

EQUIVALENTS

~rams . -\y.;;-.
.0036065 6.23210 168.266 .220083 .833111 .0361275 62.4283 1685.56 2.20462 8.34545 10.0172 1

of-Water .0163872 28.3170 764.559

1
3.78543 4.54373 .453593

1
.0998281

To Convert

cms Into ... 0.06102 0.001 0.02832 Liters 28.317 .0036065 feet meters . . Cms/sec 31.5 7.48052 448,83 0.01639 35,31 14.50 6.23210 7.481 28.32 264.2 0.5080 .00003521 .000001 .0002642 .0005787 .00001639 .004329 16.39 Fahrenheit Gallons/min Cu cms/min Gallons Liters/min inches 10,200 28,320 28,317 61,023 Pounds/sq in Imperial 1,728 1,000,000 1,000 gallons Multiply by ...liquid) Gallons Kgs/sq = (t meter (U.S. OF32)/1.8 Degree t DC Celsius (COx 9.5) +32 Gallons/min Liters Liters/min FeeVmin Imperial Kilograms/sq Pascal Pounds/sq U.S, U.S. gallons (Pa) gallons inch cm meter

To Convert

Into ... 277.274 4.54374 0.0353145 61.0234 0.001 3785 231 ,160459 ,00009807 .220083 1000 .069 .133681 .3785 Bar Gallons/min Bars cms meters 703.1 3.785 0.264170 3,785 .1337 1,20032 14.22 ,001422 .035 .264 ,00001 .000145 .83267 feet Meters/min Liters Cu feeVmin inches cm 0.3048 Liters/min cms/min 2,048 3,785.412 6,895 1,000 Pounds/sq Kgs/sq meter ft in Multiply by ...liquid) U.S. gallons Gallons Imperial (U.S. gallons Pascal (Pa)

TABLE

6-E. CONVERSION

BETWEEN ENGLISH

UNITS AND SI UNITS

Fluid Power Com-

The "SI" (International Standards) units shown below are adopted for use by the International munity, and should be used on documents prepared for international circulation.

Quantity Length . Pressure* Pressure** Flow*** Flowt Force Mass . Time ... Volume*.**. Temperature Torque . Power Shaft Speed Frequency . Displacement Kinematic viscosity Velocity. NOTES:

SI Unit for Fluid Power millimeter (mm) . bar (bar, g or bar, a) . mm of mercury (mm Hg) liters per minute (I/min) cubic decimeters/see (dm3/sec) Newton (N) kilogram (Kg) second (see) liter (I) . degrees Celcius (oC) Newton-meters (Nm) kilowat (kw) revolutions per minute (rpm) Hertz (Hz) . millileters/revolution (ml/rev) centistokes (cSt) . meter per second (m/s)

"Customary"

U.S. Unit

Conversion

Factor

inch (in). Ibs/sq in (psig or psia) . inches of mercury (in Hg) U.S. gallons per minute (U.S. GPM) . cubic feet per minute (cfm) pound(f) or Ib(f) (force) . pound(m) or Ib(m) (mass). second (see) gallon (U.S. gal) . degrees Fahrenheit (0 F) pounds(f)-inches Ibs(f)-in horsepower (HP) . revolutions per minute (rpm) cycles per second (cps) . cubic inches per revolution (cipr). Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) feet per second (fps) . ***Liquid

1 in = 25.4 mm 1 bar = 14.5 psi 1 in Hg = 25.4 mm Hg 1 U.S. GPM = 3.79 I/min 1 dm3 /sec = 2.12 cfm 1 Ib(f) - 4.44N 1 Kg = 2.20 Ib(m) 1 U.S. gal = 3.791

C = 5/9

(OF

32)

1 Nm = 8.88 Ib(f)-in 1 kw = 1.34 HP 1 Hz = 1 cps lml/rev = 0.061 cipr cSt = (4.635)(SUS)tt 1 m/s = 3.28 fps tGas

*Pressure above atmospheric

**Pressure below atmospheric tt@38C; Factor is 4.667 @ 99C

EQUIVALENT
1 U.S. Ga lion 231 Cu bic Inches 4 Quarts; or 8 Pints 8.3356 Pounds 3.785 Liters 1 Imperial Gallon = 1.2 U.S. Gallons

MEASUREMENTS
1 Horsepower = 33,000 Ft. Lbs. per Minute 550 Ft. Lbs. per Second 42.4 BTU per Minute 2545 BTU per Hour 746 Watts, or 0.746 Kilowatts lPSI= 2.04161'Hg 27.71 "Water = 0.433 PSI

1 Liter = 0.2642 U.S. Gallons 1 Cubic Foot = = 7.48 Gallons 1728 Cubic Inches

Foot Column of Water Foot Column of Oil 1 "Hg = =

= 0.390 PSI

1 Cubic Foot of Water Weighs 62.4 Pounds 1 Bar at Sea Level = 14.5 PSI (Approx.l Atmos.) 33.8 Foot Water Column

0.491 PSI 1.132 Ft. Water

1 Barrel Oil = 42 Gallons 1 Micro-meter 1 Millionth of a Meter (Micron) = 1 Thousandth of a Meter = 0.00004 Inch = = 0.001 Inch

Approx.

42 Foot Oil Column II 29.92 Hg. VzPSI Decrease Each 1000 Ft. Altitude

25 Micro-meters

APPROXIMATE
1 1 1 1 1 1 Pint = 2 cups = 16 fluid ounces = 1 pound Pint = 96 teaspoons = 32 tablespoons = 16 fluid ounces Quart = 4 cups = 2 pints = 32 fluid ounces = 2 pounds Quart = 192 teaspoons = 64 tablespoons = 32 fl. oz. Gallon = 16 cups = 4 quarts = 8 pints Gallon = 768 teaspoons = 256 tablespoons = 128 oz.

MEASUREMENTS
1 Gallon = 231 cubic inches = 76,800 drops 1 Cup = 16 tablespoons = 48 teaspoons 1 Tablespoon = 3 teaspoons 2 Tablespoons = 1 fluid ounce 1 Fluid ounce (volume) = 600 drops (hydraulic 1 Cubic inch = 330 drops

oil)

TABLE 6-F. EQUIVALENT VALUES

To convert units appearing in Column 1 into equivalent values of units in Column 2, multiply by factor Example: To convert 7 gallons into cubic inches, multiply 7 x 231 = 1617 cubic inches. To convert units appearing in Column 2 into equivalent values of units in Column 1, divide by factor Example: To convert 25 horsepower into BTU per minute, divide 25 by 0.02356 = 1061 BTU per minute. Column 33.9 1 in Column in Column 3, 3.

Column Column 1 2 144 745.7 0.01136 0.0005787 Column Column Feet Column of Water 3 2 3 Pounds of Water. 0.001341 Watts .1.8+32 550 .231 0.1337 Seconds 2.036 2.307 88 0.25 0.01745 0.004329 Gallons Watts Cubic Foot Fahrenheit 2.54 0.04167 1000 Inches. 0.005952 Hou Hours 0.02356 1728 0.2931 Cubic rs lbs. .nds .of Centimeters . 7000 16 Pounds 0.6818 Inches. U.S. 1.133 Inches 0.001 0.3937 Gallons Meters 0.5 0.0001894 0.3048 2000 42.44 8.3453 Pou 29.92 Radians 5280 Quarts 0.001818 Feet 453.5924 0.00004 0.2642 1.467 liters 0.0000303 0 oCx 778.3 0.4335 7.48052 Weeks. Watts 14.7 Centimeters Ounces Grains. Grams. .001286 Inches. Miles liters 0.0625 1.805 0.4912 0.03342 Pints 0.0002642 Pounds Quarts Feet .of of Inches. 0.5555 Tons (U.SJ 86,400 Water 0.06804 Micro-meter 0.8826 Inches. (Micron) 0.03613 Ounces 0.0295 (Fluid) BTU Horsepower per Minute. . (Statute) Horsepower .Sq. 33,000 Foot Square lbs. Inches per Second Minute Horsepower U.S.Galions Miles Inches per of Hour{MPH) Hour Minute Mercury . (MPH) ... Inches Gallons Days per Hour .Water Mercury (U.S. liquid liquid) In) ("Hg) PSI (lbs. per Sq. In.) Temperature (oC) (oF) - 32 Feet . PSI PSI Feet (lbs. (lbs.perSq.ln). (lbs. per per per Second. Sq. In) Inches Atmospheres of (Weight) Mercury (Bars)*. .in) ("Hg) InJ Atmospheres (Bars)*.

Please read instructions

above

TABLE 6-G. PSI GAUGE PRESSURE CONVERTED TO METRIC PRESSURE UNITS

This table is calculated PSI Bars 10 ..... 0.69 on the basis of 1 bar = 14.5 PSI, or, 1 PSI = .069 bar 50 3.45 100 6.90 250 17.2 500 34.5 750 51.7 1000 69.0 1500 103.4 2000 137.9 2500 172.4 3000 206.9 5000 344.8

TABLE 6-H. GPM OIL FLOW CONVERTED TO METRIC UNITS

This table GPM .5 Liters/min~18.95 is calculated on the basis of 1 U.S. GPM = 3.79 liters per min. (liquid) 12 45.48 15 56.85 20 75.80 25 94.75 30 113.7 35 132.7 or, 1 liter per min. = 0.2638 40 151.6 50 189.5 75 284.3 GPM. 100 379.0

8 30.32

TABLE 6-1. SCFM AIR FLOW CONVERTED TO METRIC UNITS

This table SCFM ~5 Dm3/sec~2.358 is calculated on the basis of 1 SCFM = 0.4716 15 7.074 25 11.79 50 23.58 cubic decimeters 100 47.16 per second, 150 70.74 200 94.32 or 1 dm3/sec. 250 117.9 = 2.12 SCFM. 300 141.5 350 165.1

10 4.716

75 35.37