E.F.

Codds Relational DBMS Rules

0. Foundation Rule: The DBMS must manage the database entirely through its relational capabilities.

1. Information Representation: All information must be represented explicitly and only by table values.

E.F. Codds Relational DBMS Rules

2. Logical Accessibility: Every data value in the database must be accessible via a combination of table name, column name, and primary key value. 3. Missing Information: The DBMS must have a consistent method for representing null values to indicate missing information.
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E.F. Codds Relational DBMS Rules

4. System Catalog Facilities: The database description must be represented in the same manner as ordinary data, so that facilities of the relational DBMS can be used to maintain the database descriptions. .

E.F. Codds Relational DBMS Rules

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Comprehensive Data Languages: The DBMS must support as least one language that uses ordinary character strings to support data definition, integrity constraints, data manipulation, views, authorization privileges, and boundaries of recovery units

E.F. Codds Relational DBMS Rules

6. View Updatability: The DBMS must be able to determine at view definition time whether a view can be used to insert, delete, or update rows of its underlying base tables.

7. Set Level Updates: The ability to operate on whole tables applies not only to retrieval, but also to data insertion, modification, and deletion.
8.Physical Data Independence: Application programs should not have to be modified when changes are made to physical storage or access methods. 5

E.F. Codds Relational DBMS Rules

9. Logical Data Independence: Application programs should not have to be modified when changes are made to base tables that do not modify data already stored in the tables. 10. Integrity Constraints: Constraints that apply to entity integrity and referential integrity must be specifiable by the DBMSs data language. Application programs should not have to be modified when changes are made to those integrity constraints.
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E.F. Codds Relational DBMS Rules

11. Database Distribution: Application programs should not have to be modified whenever data is first distributed or redistributed across different computers.

12. Nonsubversion: If a DBMS has a low-level (procedural) language, that language should not be allowed to bypass entity integrity or referential integrity constraints expressed in the high-level relational language.
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