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  • Reference Sheet For Logic and Program Proofs: Logical Equivalences

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    Kalgi Patel
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    This document provides a reference sheet of logical equivalences and inference rules for logic and program proofs. It lists logical equivalences such as conjunction, disjunction, negation, implication and biconditional. It also lists deduction rules for propositional and predicate logic including simplification, conjunction introduction, universal instantiation/generalization, existential instantiation/generalization and resolution. Finally it provides rules for reasoning about program proofs, including composition, conditional and conditional with else rules.

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    Digital logic design notes

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    Logic Sheet

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    This document provides a reference sheet of logical equivalences and inference rules for logic and program proofs. It lists logical equivalences such as conjunction, disjunction, negation, implication and biconditional. It also lists deduction rules for propositional and predicate logic including simplification, conjunction introduction, universal instantiation/generalization, existential instantiation/generalization and resolution. Finally it provides rules for reasoning about program proofs, including composition, conditional and conditional with else rules.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    16 views1 page

    Reference Sheet For Logic and Program Proofs: Logical Equivalences

    Uploaded by

    Kalgi Patel
    This document provides a reference sheet of logical equivalences and inference rules for logic and program proofs. It lists logical equivalences such as conjunction, disjunction, negation, implication and biconditional. It also lists deduction rules for propositional and predicate logic including simplification, conjunction introduction, universal instantiation/generalization, existential instantiation/generalization and resolution. Finally it provides rules for reasoning about program proofs, including composition, conditional and conditional with else rules.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    Reference Sheet for Logic and Program Proofs

    Logical Equivalences
    Denition of P P F alse P F alse F alse P T rue P Denition of P P T rue P F alse P P T rue T rue Idempotent Laws ppp ppp DeMorgans Laws (p q ) p q (p q ) p q Distributive Laws p (q r) (p q ) (p r) p (q r) (p q ) (p r)

    Double Negation (p) p

    Absorption Laws p (p q ) p p (p q ) p

    Associative Laws (p q ) r p (q r ) (p q ) r p (q r )

    Commutative Laws pq qp pq qp

    Implication Laws p q p q p q q p

    Biconditional Laws p q (p q ) (q p) p q q p

    Inference Rules
    Simplication pq Therefore, p Therefore, q Conjunction p q Therefore, p q Universal Instantiation xP (x) Therefore, P (c) Universal Generalization P (c) Therefore, xP (x) Addition p Therefore, p q Therefore, q r Existential Instantiation xP (x) Therefore, P (c) Therefore, q Existential Generalization P (c ) Therefore, xP (x) Therefore, p Resolution pq p r Therefore, p r Disjunctive Syllogism pq p Modus Ponens p pq Modus Tollens q pq Hypothetical Syllogism pq qr

    Inference Rules For Program Proofs


    Composition Rule p{S1 }q q {S2 }r p{S1 ; S2 }r Conditional Rule (p condition){S }q (p condition) q p{ if condition S }q Conditional with Else Rule (p condition){S1 }q (p condition){S2 }q p{ if condition S1 else S2 }q

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