Maths Formulas and Laws

Steven Cimarosti Surds

1. AB = 2.
A B

A B AB
A B

A B = = 3.( A ) 2 = A

Indices
1.a n a m = a n +m 2.a n a m = a n m 3.( a n ) m = a nm 4.x 0 = 1 5.a n =
1

1 an

6.a n = n a

Expansions 1. Distributive Law

a (b c) = (ab ac )

2. Difference of 2 squares
( x + y )( x y ) = x 2 y 2

3. Perfect squares
(a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2 (a b) 2 = a 2 2ab + b 2

Factorising 1. Common Factors

= 3 xy + 9 xy 2 = 3 xy (1 + 3 y )

2. Group in Pairs

ax + ay + bx + by = a ( x + y ) + b( x + y ) = (a + b)( x + y ) x2 y2 = ( x y) 2 = ( x + y )( x y )

3. Difference of 2 Squares

4. Trinomials (PSF)
x 2 + 7 x +12 = x 2 + 3 x + 4 x +12 = x( x + 3) + 4( x + 3) = ( x + 4)( x + 3)

P=12x2 S=7x F= 3x, 4x

5. Perfect squares
a 2 + 2ab + b 2 = (a + b) 2

6. Sum and Difference of cubes

a 3 b3 = (a b) 3 = (a b)(a 2 + ab + b 2 ) a 3 + b3 = (a + b) 3 = (a + b)(a 2 ab + b 2 )

Quadratic Formula
if ..ax 2 + bx + c = 0 then..x = b b 2 4ac 2a

Parabolic formula Parabolic formula of a circle

x2 + y2 = r 2

ax 2 + bx + c = 0

Hyperbola

y=

1 x

Exponential Line
y = xa

Trigonometry 1. SOH CAH TOA

sin = opp hyp

cos =

adj hyp

tan =

opp adj

2. Cosine Rule Side: - a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos A - requires 2 sides + included angle Angle: - cos A =
b2 + c2 a2 2bc

- requires 3 sides 3. Sine Rule Angle:

sin A sin B sin C = = a b c

Side:

a b c = = sin A sin B sin C

Area 1. Triangle

Area = 1 2 ab sin C
Area = 1 ( a + b) h 2

2. Trapezium

Prism Volume V = A h ie. Area of base height Surface Area SA = S + S + S ..etc. Pyramid Volume

V =1 Ah ie. Area of base Perpendicular height 3

Surface Area Find height of triangle using Pythagoras and add all sides Cylinder Volume Surface Area
V = r 2 h ie. Area of Base height SA = 2r 2 + 2rh ie. Base Curved Area