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APPENDIX

Mass and energy balance equations Mass balance equations, [mol/hr] The mass balance equation is develop using the equation below: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

In this system, the mass balance equation is presented generally as,

Mass balance equation of char ( Unit concentration = mol/m3 = mol/s m = mol k =1/mol.s V = m3

Assuming the reaction take place in the constant volume reactor,

Mass balance of steam (

( ( )

) (

) )

Assuming the rate of volume changes is zero, thus, ( ( ) ) ( ( ) ) ( )

Mass balance of hydrogen gas (

( ( ( (

) ) ) ) (

) ) ( ) )

Mass balance of carbon monoxide gas (CO)

( (

( )

( (

( )

Mass balance of carbon dioxide (CO2)

Mass balance of methane gas (

( (

( ) (

) )

Mass balance of calcium carbonate (

Energy balance equations For a batch reactor, the energy balance applied is,

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