TENTATIVE TECHNICAL PROGRAM 2006-2007

DIVISION OF HORTICULTURE R.A.R.S,ANAKAPALLI

OBSERVATION TRIAL ON EVALUATION OF CASHEW VARIETIES

Objective : To identify suitable varieties for North Coastal Zone

Available literature : Major area under Cashew is covered by local varieties. Most of the gardens are multiplied by seed. Of late due to efforts of ANGRAU and department of Horticulture the farmers are taking up planting of grafts of improved varieties. The Cashew Research Station, Bapatla evolved high yielding varieties like BPP-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9 by selection and hybridization. Therefore to evaluate the performance of BPP varieties, the present investigation is designed.

Present Knowledge and justification There is considerable area under cashew cultivation in the North Coastal Zone particularly in Visakhapatnam and Srikakulam districts with more and more growers showing interest in this orchard crop. However, suitable varieties for these tracts have not been identified so far. In view of the foreign exchange potential and for expansion particularly in wastelands, there is every need to identify suitable varieties and to multiply planting material for the benefit of growers.

Techniques to be adopted : Treatments :

Spacing Unit : :

BPP-2 , BPP-4 , BPP-5, BPP-6, BPP-8 , BPP-9 8mx8m 6 plants in each variety

Data to be collected Plant height Flowering rhythm Girth Percent seed setting Yield Size of the nut Pests and diseases Nutrition quality Suitability to value added products Expected benefit to farmers on adoption:

By growing improved varieties, yield per tree can be increased by 10-15 kg in comparison to the local varieties.

GROWTH CHARACTERS AND NUT YIELD OF DIFFERENT CASHEW VARIETIES 2005 - 2006

S. No.

Variety

Plant heig ht (m)

Stem Girth (cm)

Plant spread (m) EW NS

Nut yield/ plant (kg)

1
2 3 4

BPP 2
BPP 4 BPP 5 BPP 6

3.12
3.71 3.84 4.63

30.1
29.2 28.5 34.8

4.1
3.9 3.6 5.1

3.5
3.6 4.5 4.1

5
6

BPP 8
BPP 9 Mean

2.98
3.32 3.6

24.8
35.4 30.46

3.7
4.9 4.21

3.3
4.8 3.96

Survey to identify the problems in vegetable

cultivation in North Coastal Zone.

Objective

: To identify problems in vegetable cultivation and to propose projects based on the gaps identified. :

Available literature

Information should be obtained on problems and the crops cultivated in a particular area to formulate programs so, that the problems can be tackled in a better way (Kamalanadhan 2003).

Present Knowledge and Justification : More than 60,000 ha of area is under vegetable cultivation in North Coastal Zone. Majority of the farmers are cultivating vegetables under rainfed situation. The yields are very low and not remunerative due to several problems. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify the problems in vegetable cultivation by extensive survey of the zone. This will facilitate collection of information and to document all the constraints in vegetable cultivation. Based on this future research programs can be formulated on sound footing.

Data to be recorded

Mandal-wise area under different vegetables Yield data Constraints in cultivation Marketing facilities Income from different vegetables

Results achieved : Mandal Anakapalle Ananadapuram Ananthagiri Atchutapuram Chodavaram crop grown in max extent Brinjal Brinjal Tomoto Chillies Bhendi area (ha) 180 186 115 140 24

Devarapalle
Gajuwaka Kasimkota Munagapaka Nakkapalle Padmanabham

Brinjal
Bitter gourd Tomoto Chillies Chillies Chillies

118
38 136 44 70 84

Evaluation of bitter gourd varieties for export

Objective

To identify suitable bitter gourd varieties for North Coastal Zone for export .

Available literature : Biter gourd is cultivated in 650 acres in North Coastal Zone mainly for domestic consumption because of its medicinal properties. The Agri Export Zone at Visakhapatnam opened up vast scope for export of vegetables and other Horticultural produce to several countries. Indian bitter gourd is liked in Malaysia, Singapore and Australia (Powell, 2005) in processed form.

Present Knowledge and justification: Export oriented Horticulture is gaining popularity day-by-day with sustained efforts of Horticulture Scientists, entrepreneurs and Government policies. Recent International Policy changes and establishment of WTO have opened immense opportunities on export front. North Coastal Zone with AEZ at Visakhapatnam and with cheap labour will accelerate economy of Andhra Pradesh with exports of Horticultural Produce if suitable technology is provided. Techniques to be adopted :

Treatments Spacing Replications Unit

: : : :

10 varieties 1.5 m x 1.5 m Three 10 plants / replication

Data to be collected
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

Plant height Length of the laterals Days to flowering yield pests and diseases suitability to value added products product storability

Expected benefit to farmers on adoption: By growing improved varieties, yield of bitter gourd can increased. By exporting value added products of bitter gourd, the economy of framers and state will be improved.

Evaluation of Garlic varieties for North Coastal Zone

Objectives Garlic conditions. : 1) To study the performance of different varieties under NC Zone 2) To find out suitable variety for flakes.

preparation of

Available literature

The dry matter increase in bulb was slow up to 89 days and increased until 132 days after which it remained steady (Ippio,2003). Garlic has good scope for export from North Coastal Zone. (Murthy, 2005).

Present Knowledge and Justification : Garlic is grown in Rabi season in North Coastal Zone. Techniques to be adopted Design Replications Varieties : : : :

R.B.D. Three Ten (To be procured from different centers of production )

Data to be recorded : Height of stalk Weight of cloves Cloves thickness TSS Yield Moisture content Weight of flakes. Storability of flakes.

EVALUATION OF VANILLA AT DIFFERENT SPACINGS UNDER POLYHOUSE CONDITIONS FOR EXPORT

Objectives

To identify suitable spacing for planting vanilla and poly house conditions.

Available literature Vanilla is a most popular flavoring agent for numerous sweetened foods, commercial food products, liquors, perfumes etc., (Nielsen, 2003) It is usually propagated through shoot cuttings planted at a spacing of 2.5 mts either way in poly house (Vallejo, 2002).

Present recommendations, knowledge and justification : In recent years vanilla prices have sky rocketed in the International Market. Now the present situation in the World market with regard to vanilla essence has tremendously increased, Hence there will be good demand for the natural vanilla There fore to evaluate vanilla it different spacing the investigation is designed.

Techniques to be adopted : a) Design : RBD b) Treatments : Four Spacing at 1 x 1 mt, 1.5 x 1.5mt, 2 x 2 mt, 2.5 x 2.5 mt c) Replications : Four d) Plot size : Five vines / treatment will be used to collect data.

Data to be collected
a) b) c) d) e) f)

Vegetative growth parameters

Number of leaves Vine length Juvenile period No of flowers / vine No of nodes / vine Yield of beans / vine

Expected benefit to farmers on adoption : Optimum number of vines can be grown in unit area and the income of farmers can be increased by judicious utilization of space in the polyhouse

EVALUATION OF TOMATO CV. ARKA VIKAS AS INTER CROP IN VANILLA IN POLY HOUSE
Objectives : To evaluate tomato as intercrop in vanilla in the poly house

Available literature:

Tomato can be successfully grown in poly house under controlled conditions to get more yield (John, 2004). Since the inter space in vanilla during initial stages is more, tomato can be successfully grown to utilize the poly house area in a better way (Robinson, 2003).

Present recommendations, knowledge and justification Vanilla is being grown in Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram districts of north coastal zone,due to the encouragement given by Department of Horticulture. However, there is no scientific knowledge generated and technology available on vanilla and inter crops in it with ANGRAU. The information generated through this experiment will fill the gap Techniques to be adopted Treatments : Inter space in vanilla planted at 1x1 m spacing Inter space in vanilla planted at 1.5x1.5 m spacing Inter space in vanilla planted at2x2m spacing Inter space in vanilla planted at 2.5x2.5 m spacing Design: R.B.D. Replications: Four Spacing for tomato: 50x40 cm.

Data to be collected Plant height /spread Days to 50% flowering No. of flowers / plant No. of fruits / plant Quality of fruits Yield
Expected benefit to farmers on adoption Tomato grown in poly house will give higher income to farmers besides optimum utilization of inter space in vanilla in early stages. Tomato produced in summer is highly profitable.

DEVELOPING AGRO TECHNIQUES FOR GUAR

PERFORMANCE OF GUAR UNDER DIFFERENT DATES OF SOWING.

Objectives : To find out the optimum date of sowing for guar
Sowing during 1st week of March recorded maximum yield in Southern Zone of Andhra Pradesh (Prasanthi 2004).

Available literature :

Present recommendations, knowledge and justification : Cultivation of guar for gum is new to the North Coastal Zone. Since the period from March First week of July is free from frost and have more temperatures it is desirable to fix proper date of sowing, so that the crop can complete its life cycle during this period

Techniques to be adopted : a) Treatment : Different dates of sowing 1) November 1st 5) January 1st 2) November 16th 6) January 16th 3) December 1st 7) February 1st 4) December 16th 8) February 16th b) Design : RBD c) Plot size : 4 x 2 mts d) Spacing : 30 x 15 cms e) Replications : Three f) Feritlizers : 25 N + 50 P2O5 + 50 K2O kg / ha Data to be collected : a) Days to 50 % flowering b) Days to maturity c) Hundred seed weight d) Seed yield kg / ha e) Gum content Expected benefit to farmers on adoption : By sowing the crop at appropriate time to skip the frost and also rains at the time harvest farmers can obtain quality seed which gives better quality gum to fetch higher price

EVALUATION GUAR VARIETIES FOR GUAR GUM

Objectives

To identify varieties of guar suitable for North Coastal Zone for guar gum extraction and export RGC 936, RGC 986, Suvidha are the high yielding lines from Rajasthan (Annual Report of AICRP on Arid legumes, 2004). RGM 111 performed well in southern zone of Andhra Pradesh ( prasanthi 2005)

Available literature :

Present recommendations, knowledge and justification : Guar gum can be used in cloth and paper manufacture, oil well drilling and explosives. Demand for guar is increasing because of the vide use of gum in many products. As guar varieties are location specific there is need to evaluate guar varieties for present situations and locations

Techniques to be adopted
Design Treatments Plot size Spacing Replications Data to be collected a) Days to flowering c) Hundred seed weight b) d) Days to maturity Plant height Seed yield kg / ha : : : : : RBD 20 ( varieties) 2 x 4 mts. 30 x 15 cms Three

e) Dry matter production f) g) Gum content

STANDARDIZATION OF PLANT SPACING FOR SEED YIELD IN GUAR cv.R.G.M 111

Objectives : To identify suitable spacing for guar for seed yield.

Available literature :
Guar varieties RGM 111, RGC 1025 gave higher seed yields at a spacing of 30 x 15cms (Annual Report of CAZRI, Jodhpur, 2004).

Present recommendations, knowledge and justification :

Guar gum can be used in the manufacturing of cloth, paper and explosives, the demand for gum is increasing days to day. Hence, RGM 111 is evaluated at different spacings for present situations.

Techniques to be adopted : a) Design : RBD b) Treatment : Four 30 x 10 cms, 30 x 15 cms, 30 x 20 cms, 30 x 30 cms. c) Plot size : 2 x 3 mts d) Replications : 6
Data to be collected : a) b) c) d) Days to flowering Days to maturity 100 seed weight Seed yield kg / ha

Expected benefit to farmers on adoption Standardization of optimum spacing will give maximum guar plant population per unit area which results in better land and water use efficiency. This will result in increasing yields and optimum utilization of inputs.

THE RESPONSE OF GUAR TO FOLIAR APPLICATION OF SODIUM MOLYBDATE

Objectives : To identify effective concentration of Sodium Molybdate in increasing Guar seed yield.

Available literature :

Seed yield was increased by spraying Sodium Molybdate at a concentration of 0.5% after 15 days of sowing in South Australia ( Doward, 2004)

Present recommendations, knowledge and justification Guar Gum is used in various industries like Paper, oil drilling, explosives, clothing etc. If the yield of guar seed is increased with cultural practices, the farmers will get immense benefit

Techniques to be adopted Design Treatments : : a) RBD Four 0.25% b) 0.5% c)0.75%

Spaying of :

d) 1.0% of Sodium Molybdate after 20 and 40 days of sowing. c) Plot size: e) Spacing: 2 x 3 mts 30 x 15 cms d) Replications: Four

Data to be collected a) Days to 50% flowering b) c) plant height d) e) Seed yield kg/ha. f) g) Guar gum content Expected benefit to farmers on adoption

Days to maturity Hundred seed weight Dry mater production

The results obtained, if favorable will result in increased yield of guar to benefit the grower.

INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC MANURES ON GUAR

Objectives : To find out the effect of organic sources of manures on quality and yield of Guar gum

Available literature Guar is cultivated for gum production which is in great demand Internationally. Since guar gum is also used in food industry, organic guar gum will fetch better price in international market where organic products are in demand. (Taylor, 2004)

Present recommendations, knowledge and justification

Globally, environmental and health awareness has brought out a change in consumer preferences. Studies made on the presence of agric - chemical residues in food products and their adverse effect on human health have made people to shift over to organically grown crops. Guar gum being extensively used in food industry this study is proposed to find out the effect of organic sources of nutrients on yield and quality

Techniques to be adopted Design Replications Plot size Spacing

: : : :

RBD Three 3x2m 30 x 15 cm

Treatments: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i)

FYM : 20 t / ha Vermicompost : 5 t / ha Neem cake : 2 t / ha Press mud cake : 5 t/ha FYM + Vermicompost + Neem cake (50% of ABC) FYM + Neem cake FYM + Vermicompost Vermicompost + Neem cake Recommended dose of fertilizer

Data to be collected a) Days to 50% flowering b) c) Plant height d) e) Hundred seed weight f) g) Nutrient status of plants and soils h) Guar gum content

Days to maturity Incidence of pests and diseases Seed yield kg/ha.

ON FARM RESEARCH ON COCONUT

BALLIPUTTUGA
KAVITI MANDAL

SRIKAKULAM DIST.

MOISTURE CONSERVATION IN COCONUT GARDENS

Objectives : 1. 2. Techniques to be adopted : Treatments : T1 : Mulching tree basins with coir dust @ 5Kg / palm. T2 : Mulching tree basins with paddy husk @ 5Kg / palm. T3 : Mulching tree basins with coconut husk. T4 : Mulching tree basins with coconut leaves or sugarcane trash T5 : Control (No mulching) Design : Observational Replications : 3 Experimental Size : 1 acre Plot Size : 4 trees / treatment To conserve soil moisture in tree basins through mulching. To evaluate efficacy of various mulches

MOISTURE CONSERVATION IN COCONUT GARDENS

S.No Particulars No of leaves palm / year 30.92 No. of spadices /pal m/ year No of nuts / palm year 42.13 Water co nte nt (ml) 163.34 Copra weight (g)

1.

Soil dust

6.08

146.33

2.
3. 4. 5. 6.

Paddy husk
Coconut husk Coconut leaves Control Mean

29.33
30.67 29.25 28.83 29.80 -

6.19
6.56 6.14 5.48 6.09

35.22
45.37 42.13 38.45 40.66

168.17
215.56 175.62 132.31 171.20

159.90
164.01 151.83 128.02 150.01

INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN COCONUT

Objectives To determine the effect of various integrated nutrient management treatments on growth, yield and quality of coconut. Techniques to be adopted : Treatments : T1: - Application of FYM@10 kg/palm/year T2 :- Application of neem cake @5 kg/palm/year T3:- Application of coir compost @ 25kg/palm/year T4:- Application of vermi compost @10kg/palm/year T5:- In situ green Manu ring @ 5 kg/palm/year T6: Control (Recommended dose of NPK) Design Replication Experimental Area Plot Size : Observational : 4 : 1.5 acre 4 trees / treatment :

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT ORGANIC MANURES On COCONUT S.No. Particulars No. of leaves palm / year 30.13 30.06 31.00 30.00 30.44 No. of spadicus / palm / year 6.12 6.03 6.54 6.13 6.05 No. of nuts / palm / year 40.31 38.36 40.39 45.52 40.36 Water cont ent (ml) 159.12 160.32 172.57 161.05 159.12 Copra weig ht (g)` 156.45 161.39 156.38 155.43 162.13

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

FYM Neem cake Coir compost Vermicompost Insitu greenmanu ring

6.
7

Control
Mean

30.00
30.27 -

6.02
6.16

38.13
40.98

158.01
166.7

157.48
158.76

MANAGEMENT OF RED PALM WEEVIL IN COCONUT

Objectives : To evaluate various management methods for the management of red palm weevil in coconut.

Techniques to be adopted : Treatments : T1 : Application of monocrotophos (1g per litre of water) through root feeding T2 : Use of pheromone traps T3 : Control Design : Experimental Size: Replications : Plot Size : Observational acre 6 1 tree / treatment

MANAGEMENT OF RED PALM WEEVIL

S.No. Particulars Larval population before treatment 11.58 9.83 10.71 Larval population after treatment 1.25 9.91 5.58 16.54 16.54 Adult beetles catched

1. 2. 3. 4.

Monocrotophos root feeding Pheromone traps Control Mean

MANAGEMENT OF COCONUT ERIOPHID MITE

Objective To determine the efficacy of various chemicals on the incidence of Eriophyid mite in coconut. Techniques to be adopted : Treatments : T1 : Spraying of wettable sulphur 80% wp @ 6g/L of water at quarterly intervals. T2 : Root feeding of monocrotophos @ 1g per litre of water T3 : Spraying 2% Garlic + Neem 2% T4 : Control Design Replications Experiment Area : Plot Size : : Observational : 3 acre 4 trees / treatment :

MANAGEMENT OF ERIOPHYID MITE

S.No . Particulars No. of buttons dropped palm / month 6.98 6.38 8.23 9.13 7.68 Total No. of nuts harveste d / palm 25.25 26.75 22.50 24.33 24.71 Infested Nuts / palm

1. 2. 3. 4. 5

Wettable sulphur Monocrotophos 2 % Garlic + 2% neem Control Mean

22.23 21.67 21.92 23.33 22.29

MANAGEMENT OF BASAL STEM ROT DISEASE IN COCONUT

Objective : Management Package to basal stem rot disease in coconut.

Techniques to be adopted : Treatments : T1 : Talc formulation of Trichoderma viride 50g+5kg neem cake / palm / year in basins. T2: Soil drenching with 1% Bordeaux mixture @ 40 L/Palm T3 : Root feeding with calixin 6ml in 25 ml water T4: Untreated control. Design Replications Experimental Area Plot Size : : : : Observation trial. 4 palms / replication 0.3 ac 0.3 ac

MANAGEMENT OF BASAL STEM ROT DISEASE IN S.No. COCONUT Particulars Average height of lesion from base 35.69 42.73 29.95 66.89 43.81

1. 2. 3. 4. 5

Trichoderma viride + Neem cake Soil drenching with Bordeaux mixture Calixin root feeding Control Mean

EVALUATION OF INTERCROPS IN COCONUT UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS.

Objectives

To evaluate different inter crops under rainfed conditions.

Techniques to be adopted Treatments S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. b. Design Crops Tapioca Coccinia Bottle gourd Ridge gourd Long pepper Guar Spacing 90cm X 90 cm 2m X 1.5m 3m X 0.9m 2.5m X 0.9m 60cm X 60cm 45cm X 15cm

: Observational trial THIS TRIAL WILL BE DISCONTINUED

SURVEY OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF COCONUT GARDENS IN SRIKAKULAM DISTRICT.

Objectives

To assess the nutritional status of coconut gardens in Srikakulam District.

Techniques to be adopted : l Design Results achieved so far : :

Soil samples from 0-30, 30-60, 60-90 cms and test leaf samples will be collected Observational trial Soil samples and Leaf samples from 23 Coconut gardens were collected and are to be analyzed for nutrient status

Soil samples will be analysed on the spot by using soil sample kit developed by ANGRAU

COCONUT DEHUSKER

COCONUT DEHUSKER