cisco router configuration basics

cisco router configuration

NTW2000 / track 2 # 1

overview
router configuration controls the operation of the router:
interface address and netmask

routing information (static or dynamic)

booting and startup information security (passwords)

cisco router configuration

NTW2000 / track 2 # 2

overview
configuration statements have different contexts:
global: enable-password mysecret interface: interface ethernet0 ip address 195.176.118.254 255.255.255.0 router: router ospf 1 network 195.176.118.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
cisco router configuration

NTW2000 / track 2 # 3

global configuration
global configuration statements are independent of any particular interface or routing protocol, e.g.:
hostname myrouter
enable-password mysecret

service password-encryption
logging facility local0 logging 195.176.118.42

cisco router configuration

NTW2000 / track 2 # 4

global configuration
ip-specific global configuration statements:
ip classless

static route creation:

ip route 195.176.118.0 255.255.248.0 195.176.31.1

cisco router configuration

NTW2000 / track 2 # 5

interface configuration
interfaces are named by type and position; e.g.:
ethernet0, ethernet1,... ethernet5 serial0, serial1 ... serial3

and can be abbreviated:

ethernet0 or eth0 or e0 serial0 or ser0 or s0

cisco router configuration

NTW2000 / track 2 # 6

interface configuration

ip address and netmask configuration, using interface commands (interactive configuration example, showing

prompts):

router#config terminal router(config)#interface e0 router(config-if)#ip address 195.176.118.254 255.255.255.0 router(config-if)#no shutdown router(config-if)#^Z router#

cisco router configuration

NTW2000 / track 2 # 7

There are two modes on a cisco router

normal mode
router>

enable mode
router> enable router# config terminal

cisco router configuration

NTW2000 / track 2 # 8

interface configuration
administratively enable/disable the interface
router(config-if)#no shutdown router(config-if)#shutdown (config-if)# no ip proxy-arp (config-if)# no ip directed broadcast (config-if)# no ip redirect

description
#description 128k circuit 123-ABC to hotel

cisco router configuration

NTW2000 / track 2 # 9

where is the configuration?

router always has two configurations:
running configuration
in RAM, determines how the router is currently operating is changed by using the configuration command to see it: show running

startup configuration
in NVRAM, determines how the router will operate after next reload is changed using the copy command to see it: show startup
cisco router configuration

NTW2000 / track 2 # 10

where is the configuration?

can also be stored in more permanent places:
external hosts, using TFTP to move it around in flash memory in the router

copy command is used to move it around

copy copy copy copy copy copy
cisco router configuration

run start run tftp start tftp tftp start flash start start flash
NTW2000 / track 2 # 11

looking at the configuration

use show running-configuration to see the current configuration use show startup-configuration to see the configuration in NVRAM, that will be loaded the next time the router is rebooted or reloaded

cisco router configuration

NTW2000 / track 2 # 12

changing the configuration

configuration statements can be entered interactively at the console, or in a telnet session,
or, edited in a text file and uploaded to the router at a later time; some configuration statements, especially access lists, are very difficult to work with interactively, so editing and uploading the file is the only practical way to work; also allows version control and auditing changes
cisco router configuration

NTW2000 / track 2 # 13

interactive configuration
can use direct serial connection to console port, or telnet to vtys (virtual terminals), or

modem connection to aux port

in every case, changes are made (almost) immediately, to the running configuration

cisco router configuration

NTW2000 / track 2 # 14

interactive configuration
enter configuration mode, using configure term prompt gives a hint about where you are:
router#configure terminal router(config)#hostname K-rtr K-rtr(config)#ip classless K-rtr(config)#ip subnet-zero K-rtr(config)#interface ethernet3 K-rtr(config-if)#ip address 195.176.118.253 255.255.255.0 K-rtr(config-if)#no shutdown use the no command to nullify command given: (config-if)# no ip addr 195.176.118.253 255.255.255.0
cisco router configuration

NTW2000 / track 2 # 15

storing the configuration on a host

requires: `tftpdon a unix host; destination file must exist before the file is written and must be world writable...
copy run tftp K-rtr#copy run tftp Remote host []? 195.176.118.42 Name of configuration file to write [K-rtr-confg]? /usr/local/tftpd/K-rtr-confg Write file /usr/local/tftpd/K-rtr-confg on... host 195.176.118.42? [confirm] Building configuration... Writing /usr/local/tftpd/K-rtr-confg !![OK]

cisco router configuration

NTW2000 / track 2 # 16

restoring the configuration from a host

use tftp to pull file from unix host, copying to running config or startup
K-rtr#copy tftp start Address of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 195.176.118.42 Name of configuration file [K-rtr-confg]? Configure using K-rtr-confg from 195.176.118.42? [confirm] Loading K-rtr-confg from 195.176.118.42 (via Ethernet0): ! [OK - 1005/128975 bytes] [OK] K-rtr# reload
cisco router configuration

NTW2000 / track 2 # 17

getting help
IOS has a built-in help facility; use ? to get a list of possible configuration statements

? after the prompt lists all possible commands:

router#?

<partial command> ? lists all possible

subcommands, e.g.:
router#show ? router#show ip ?
cisco router configuration

NTW2000 / track 2 # 18

getting help
<partial command>? shows all possible command completions

router#con? configure connect

this is different (space before ?):
router#conf ? memory network host overwrite-network terminal <cr>
cisco router configuration

Configure from NV memory Configure from a TFTP network

Overwrite NV memory from TFTP.. network host Configure from the terminal
NTW2000 / track 2 # 19

getting help
this also works in configuration mode:
router(config)#ip a? accounting-list accounting-threshold accounting-transits address-pool alias as-path

router(config)#int e0 router(config-if)#ip a? access-group accounting

address

cisco router configuration

NTW2000 / track 2 # 20

getting help
can explore a command to figure out the syntax:
router(config-if)#ip addr ? A.B.C.D IP address router(config-if)#ip addr 169.222.64.1 ? A.B.C.D IP subnet mask router(config-if)#ip addr 169.222.64.1 255.255.255.0 ? secondary Make this IP address a secondary address <cr> router(config-if)#ip addr 169.222.64.1 255.255.255.0 router(config-if)#

cisco router configuration

NTW2000 / track 2 # 21

getting lazy help

TAB character will complete a partial word
router(config)#int<TAB> router(config)#interface et<TAB> router(config)#interface ethernet 0 router(config-if)#ip add<TAB> router(config-if)#ip address ... 195.176.118.1 255.255.255.0

not really necessary; partial commands can be used:

router#conf t router(config)#int e0 router(config-if)#ip addr 195.176...
cisco router configuration

NTW2000 / track 2 # 22

getting lazy
command history
IOS maintains short list of previously typed commands up-arrow or ^P recalls previous command down-arrow or ^N recalls next command

line editing
left-arrow, right-arrow moves cursor inside command
^D or backspace will delete character in front of cursor
cisco router configuration

NTW2000 / track 2 # 23