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BI 9. QUY LUT MENDEN: QUY LUT PHN LI C LP Cu 1: mt loi thc vt, khi cho cy t bi c kiu gen AAaa giao phn vi cy t bi c kiu gen Aaaa; cc cy ny gim phn u cho giao t 2n. S kiu t hp to ra t php lai trn l A. 6. B. 12. C. 16. D. 36. V kiu gen Aaaa cho ra 3 loi giao t: AA, Aa, aa v kiu gen Aaaa cho ra 2 loi giao t: Aa, aa vy s kiu t hp giao t l: 3x2 = 6 (Cao ng 2007) Cu 2: mt loi thc vt, gen A qui nh ht mu nu tri hon ton so vi gen a qui nh ht mu trng; cc c th em lai gim phn u cho giao t 2n. Php lai khng th to ra con lai c kiu hnh ht mu trng l A. AAaa x Aaaa. B. AAaa x AAaa. C. Aaaa x Aaaa. D. AAAa x aaaa. (Cao ng 2007) Cu 3: Cho mt cy c chua t bi c kiu gen AAaa lai vi mt cy lng bi c kiu gen Aa. Qu trnh gim phn cc cy b m xy ra bnh thng, cc loi giao t c to ra u c kh nng th tinh. T l kiu gen ng hp t ln i con l A. 1/36. B. 1/12. C. 1/6. D. 1/2. Cy Aaaa cho giao t aa vi t l 1/6 cy Aa cho giao t a vi t l Vy t l kiu gen ng hp t ln l: 1/6x1/2 = 1/12 (i hc 2007) Cu 4: Trong trng hp mi gen qui nh mt tnh trng v tnh trng tri l tri hon ton, c th c kiu gen AaBbDd t th phn s thu c i con c s kiu gen v kiu hnh ti a l A. 8 kiu hnh ; 12 kiu gen. B. 4 kiu hnh ; 9 kiu gen. C. 8 kiu hnh ; 27 kiu gen. D. 4 kiu hnh ; 12 kiu gen. Xt ring r tng php lai: Aa x Aa 1AA : 2Aa : 1aa (3 kiu gen, 2 kiu hnh)

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Tng t vi Bb v Dd Vy s kiu gen ti a l: 3x3x3 = 27 S kiu hnh ti a l: 2x2x2 = 8 (i hc 2007) Cu 5: ngi, kiu gen I I , I I quy nh nhm mu A; kiu gen I I , I I quy nh nhm mu B; kiu gen IAIB quy nh nhm mu AB; kiu gen IOIO quy nh nhm mu O. Ti mt nh h sinh, ngi ta nhm ln 2 a tr s sinh vi nhau. Trng hp no sau y khng cn bit nhm mu ca ngi cha m vn c th xc nh c a tr no l con ca ngi m no? A. Hai ngi m c nhm mu AB v nhm mu O, hai a tr c nhm mu O v nhm mu AB. B. Hai ngi m c nhm mu A v nhm mu O, hai a tr c nhm mu O v nhm mu A. C. Hai ngi m c nhm mu A v nhm mu B, hai a tr c nhm mu B v nhm mu A. D. Hai ngi m c nhm mu B v nhm mu O, hai a tr c nhm mu B v nhm mu O. (i hc 2007) Cu 6: c chua, gen A quy nh tnh trng qu mu tri hon ton so vi alen a quy nh tnh trng qu mu vng. Lai nhng cy c chua t bi vi nhau (F1), thu c th h lai (F2) phn li theo t l 35 cy qu mu : 1 cy qu mu vng. Cho bit qu trnh gim phn hnh thnh giao t 2n din ra bnh thng. Kiu gen ca F1 l A. AAaa AAaa. B. AAAa AAAa. C. Aaaa Aaaa. D. AAAa Aaaa. (Cao ng 2008) Cu 7: Bin d t hp A. khng phi l nguyn liu ca tin ho. B. khng lm xut hin kiu hnh mi. C. pht sinh do s t hp li vt cht di truyn ca b v m. D. ch xut hin trong qun th t phi. (i hc 2008) Cu 8: Dng cnsixin x l cc hp t lng bi c kiu gen Aa thu c cc th t bi. Cho cc th t bi trn giao phn vi nhau, trong trng hp cc cy b m gim phn bnh thng, tnh theo l thuyt t l phn li kiu gen i con l: A. 1AAAA : 4AAAa : 6AAaa : 4Aaaa : 1aaaa. B. 1AAAA : 8AAAa : 18AAaa : 8Aaaa : 1aaaa. C. 1AAAA : 8AAAa : 18Aaaa : 8AAaa : 1aaaa. D. 1AAAA : 8AAaa : 18AAAa : 8Aaaa : 1aaaa. (i hc 2008) Cu 9: Mt qun th sinh vt c gen A b t bin thnh gen a, gen B b t bin thnh gen b. Bit cc cp gen tc ng ring r v gen tri l tri hon ton. Cc kiu gen no sau y l ca th t bin? A. AABb, AaBB.
A A A O B B B O

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B. AABB, AABb. C. aaBb, Aabb. D. AaBb, AABb. (i hc 2008) Cu 10: Trong chn ging vt nui, phng php thng c dng to ra cc bin d t hp l A. gy t bin bng sc nhit. B. gy t bin bng cnsixin. C. lai hu tnh. D. chiu x bng tia X. (i hc 2008) Cu 11: Cho bit mt gen quy nh mt tnh trng, gen tri l tri hon ton, cc gen phn li c lp. C th d hp v 2 cp gen t th phn, F 1 thu c tng s 240 ht. Tnh theo l thuyt, s ht d hp t v 2 cp gen F1 l A. 30. B. 50. C. 60. D. 76. D hp v hai cp gen chim 2/4x2/4 = S ht d hp 2 cp l: 1/4x240 = 60 (Cao ng 2009) Cu 12: c chua c c cy t bi v cy lng bi. Gen A quy nh qu mu l tri hon ton so vi alen a quy nh qu mu vng. Bit rng, cy t bi gim phn bnh thng v cho giao t 2n, cy lng bi gim phn bnh thng v cho giao t n. Cc php lai cho t l phn li kiu hnh 11 qu mu : 1 qu mu vng i con l A. AAaa x Aa v AAaa x aaaa. B. AAaa x Aa v AAaa x AAaa. C. AAaa x aa v AAaa x Aaaa. D. AAaa x Aa v AAaa x Aaaa. (Cao ng 2009) Cu 13: u H Lan, gen A quy nh ht vng l tri hon ton so vi alen a quy nh ht xanh; gen B quy nh ht trn l tri hon ton so vi alen b quy nh ht nhn. Hai cp gen ny phn li c lp. Cho giao phn cy ht vng, trn vi cy ht xanh, trn. F 1 thu c 120 ht vng, trn; 40 ht vng, nhn; 120 ht xanh, trn; 40 ht xanh, nhn. T l ht xanh, trn c kiu gen ng hp trong tng s ht xanh, trn F1 l A. 1/4 B. 2/3 C. 1/3 D. 1/2 Xt ring tng cp tnh trng:

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- Vng/xanh = (120 + 40) /(120 + 40) = 1/1 Php lai ca tnh trng mu sc qu l: Aa x aa cho aa chim 100% trong ht xanh. - trn/nhn = (120 +120)/(40+40) = 3/1 Php lai ca tnh trng hnh dng qu l: Bb x Bb cho BB chim 1/3 trong ht trn Vy php lai hai cy P vi nhau l: AaBb x aaBb Cy xanh trn ng hp c kiu gen l: aaBB chim t l: 1x1/3 = 1/3 (Cao ng 2009) Cu 14: Kiu gen ca c chp khng vy l Aa, c chp c vy l aa. Kiu gen AA lm trng khng n. Tnh theo l thuyt, php lai gia cc c chp khng vy s cho t l kiu hnh i con l A. 3 c chp khng vy : l c chp c vy. B. l c chp khng vy : 2 c chp c vy. C. 2 c chp khng vy : l c chp c vy. D. 100% c chp khng vy. (i hc 2009) Cu 15: u H Lan, gen A quy nh thn cao tri hon ton so vi alen a quy nh thn thp. Cho cy thn cao giao phn vi cy thn cao, thu c F 1 gm 900 cy thn cao v 299 cy thn thp. Tnh theo l thuyt, t l cy F 1 t th phn cho F2 gm ton cy thn cao so vi tng s cy F1 l A. 1/2. B. 3/4. C. 2/3. D. 1/4. (i hc 2009) Cu 16: Trong trng hp gim phn v th tinh bnh thng, mt gen quy nh mt tnh trng v gen tri l tri hon ton. Tnh theo l thuyt, php lai AaBbDdHh AaBbDdHh s cho kiu hnh mang 3 tnh trng tri v 1 tnh trng ln i con chim t l A. 27/256. B. 9/64. C. 27/64. D. 81/256. p dng cng thc: C34(3/4)3x(1/4) = 27/64 (i hc 2009) Cu 17: Cho bit mi gen quy nh mt tnh trng, cc gen phn li c lp. Php lai no sau y cho t l phn li kiu gen i con l: 1 : 2 : 1 : 1 : 2 : 1? A. Aabb AAbb. B. Aabb aaBb. C. AaBb AaBb. D. aaBb AaBb.

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T l 1 : 2 : 1 : 1 : 2 : 1 = (1 : 2 : 1)(1 : 1) vy php lai trn s l tch ca php lai ca mt cp d hp lai vi nhau v mt cp d hp vi 1 ng hp ln, vy ch c p n D l hp l. Cu 18: mt loi thc vt, gen A quy nh hoa tri hon ton so vi alen a quy nh hoa vng. Cho bit cc cy t bi gim phn cho giao t lng bi c kh nng th tinh bnh thng, khng c t bin xy ra. Theo l thuyt, php lai AAaa Aaaa cho i con c t l phn li kiu hnh l: A. 11 cy hoa : 1 cy hoa vng. B. 3 cy hoa : 1 cy hoa vng. C. 1 cy hoa : 1 cy hoa vng. D. 35 cy hoa : 1 cy hoa vng. (Cao ng 2010) Cu 19: mt loi thc vt, ngi ta tin hnh cc php lai sau: (1) AaBbDd AaBbDd. (2) AaBBDd AaBBDd. (3) AABBDd AAbbDd. (4) AaBBDd AaBbDD. Cc php lai c th to ra cy lai c kiu gen d hp v c ba cp gen l A. (2) v (4). B. (2) v (3). C. (1) v (3). D. (1) v (4). (Cao ng 2010) Cu 20: Cho bit mi gen quy nh mt tnh trng, gen tri l tri hon ton. Theo l thuyt, php lai no sau y to ra i con c 8 loi kiu gen v 4 loi kiu hnh? A. AaBbdd AabbDd. B. AaBbDd AaBbDD. C. AaBbDd aabbDD. D. AaBbDd aabbdd. (Cao ng 2010) Cu 21: Cho cy lng bi d hp v hai cp gen t th phn. Bit rng cc gen phn li c lp v khng c t bin xy ra. Tnh theo l thuyt, trong tng s cc c th thu c i con, s c th c kiu gen ng hp v mt cp gen v s c th c kiu gen ng hp v hai cp gen trn chim t l ln lt l A. 50% v 25%. B. 25% v 50%. C. 50% v 50%. D. 25% v 25%. (i hc 2010) Cu 22: Cho cy lng bi d hp v hai cp gen t th phn. Bit rng cc gen phn li c lp v khng c t bin xy ra. Tnh theo l thuyt, trong tng s cc c th thu c i con, s

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c th c kiu gen ng hp v mt cp gen v s c th c kiu gen ng hp v hai cp gen trn chim t l ln lt l A. 50% v 25%. B. 25% v 50%. C. 50% v 50%. D. 25% v 25%. (i hc 2010) Cu 23: Cho bit mi gen quy nh mt tnh trng, cc gen phn li c lp, gen tri l tri hon ton v khng c t bin xy ra. Tnh theo l thuyt, php lai AaBbDdEe AaBbDdEe cho i con c kiu hnh mang 2 tnh trng tri v 2 tnh trng ln chim t l A. 9/128 B. 9/64 C. 27/128 D. 9/156 = C24x(3/4)2x(1/4)2 = 27/128 (i hc 2010) Cu 24: Tnh theo l thuyt, php lai no sau y cho i con c t l phn li kiu gen l 1 : 1? A. AabbDD AABBdd. B. AABbDd AaBBDd. C. AaBBDD aaBbDD. D. AaBbdd AaBBDD. (Cao ng 2011) Cu 25: Gi s khng c t bin xy ra, mi gen quy nh mt tnh trng v gen tri l tri hon ton. Tnh theo l thuyt, php lai AabbDdEe aaBbddEE cho i con c kiu hnh tri v c 4 tnh trng chim t l A. 6,25%. B. 12,50%. C. 18,75%. D. 37,50% Kiu hnh tri c v 4 tnh trng: 1/2x1/2x1/2x1 = 1/8 (Cao ng 2011) Cu 26: mt loi thc vt, alen A quy nh hoa tri hon ton so vi alen a quy nh hoa vng. Cho cy (P) c kiu gen Aa t th phn thu c F 1; tip tc cho cc cy F1 t th phn thu c F2. Bit rng khng c t bin xy ra, s cy con c to ra khi cc cy F1 t th phn l tng ng nhau. Tnh theo l thuyt, cy c kiu hnh hoa F2 chim t l A. 50,0%. B. 37,5%. C. 62,5%. D. 75,0%. (Cao ng 2011)

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Cu 27: mt loi thc vt, alen A quy nh thn cao tri hon ton so vi alen a quy nh thn thp; alen B quy nh hoa tri hon ton so vi alen b quy nh hoa vng. Bit khng c t bin xy ra, tnh theo l thuyt, php lai AaBb Aabb cho i con c kiu hnh thn cao, hoa chim t l A. 37,50%. B. 18,75%. C. 6,25%. D. 56,25%. Kiu hnh cao chim t l: 3/4x1/2 = 3/8 = 37.5% (Cao ng 2011) Cu 28: Cho bit khng xy ra t bin, tnh theo l thuyt, xc sut sinh mt ngi con c 2 alen tri ca mt cp v chng u c kiu gen AaBbDd l A. 3/32 B. 15/64 C. 27/64 D. 5/16 Php lai Aa x Aa 1AA : 2Aa : 1aa (tng t Bb v Dd) T l alen tri trong i con l v alen ln cng l 1/2 Vy a con c 2 alen tri vi t l: Xc sut bt gp 2 alen tri v 4 alen ln: C26 x ()6 =15/64 (i hc 2011) Cu 29: mt loi thc vt, alen A quy nh qu tri hon ton so vi alen a quy nh qu vng. Dng cnsixin x l cc ht ca cy lng bi (P), sau em gieo cc ht ny thu c cc cy F1. Chn ngu nhin hai cy F1 cho giao phn vi nhau, thu c F2 gm 1190 cy qu v 108 cy qu vng. Cho bit qu trnh gim phn khng xy ra t bin, cc cy t bi u to giao t 2n c kh nng th tinh. Tnh theo l thuyt, t l kiu gen ca F2 l A. 5 AAA : 1 AAa : 5 Aaa : 1 aaa. B. 1 AAA : 5 AAa : 5 Aaa : 1 aaa. C. 5 AAA : 1 AAa : 1 Aaa : 5 aaa. D. 1 AAA : 5 AAa : 1 Aaa : 5 aaa. (i hc 2011) Cu 30: mt loi thc vt, xt cp gen Bb nm trn nhim sc th thng, mi alen u c 1200 nucltit. Alen B c 301 nucltit loi anin, alen b c s lng 4 loi nucltit bng nhau. Cho hai cy u c kiu gen Bb giao phn vi nhau, trong s cc hp t thu c, c mt loi hp t cha tng s nucltit loi guanin ca cc alen ni trn bng 1199. Kiu gen ca loi hp t ny l A. Bbbb. B. BBbb. C. Bbb. D. BBb.

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Gen B: A = T = 301; G = X = 299 Gen b: A = T = G = X = 300 G ca hp t = 1199 = nGB + mGb (n, m nguyn, dng v m,n=<4) Tnh ra c n =1; m = 3 (i hc 2011) Cu 31: Cho bit mi gen quy nh mt tnh trng, alen tri l tri hon ton v khng xy bin. Trong mt php lai, ngi ta thu c i con c kiu hnh phn li theo t l 3A_B_ : 3aaB_ : 1A_bb : 1aabb. Php lai no sau y ph hp vi kt qu trn? A. Aabb aaBb. B. AaBb AaBb. C. AaBb Aabb. D. AaBb aaBb. (i hc 2011)