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Chng V

VCR ( The Video Cassette Recoder )

I. NGUYN L GHI BNG TRONG VCR Trong my ghi m ( cassette ), bng t c di chuyn ngang qua mt u t ng yn vi tc n nh khong V = 4,75 cm/s v c th thc hin c vic ghi tn hiu m tn c tn s t 20 20KHz. Tc di chuyn ca bng ngang qua khe t ca u t v rng khe t lin h vi nhau theo cng thc:
d

max
2
v f max v: tc tng i gia bng t v u t f: tn s tn hiu ghi

max =

ighi

u t

Bng

t Bng t t

Hnh 5.1 Tn hiu ghi trn bng t

V d: f max = 10 KHz max = 4, 75 m

chn d 2,37 m

i vi tn hiu video, rng bng tn ln n khong 3,2 MHz, do nu dng phng php ghi nh tn hiu audio th tc di chuyn ca bng phi t n khong vi m/s ( khong 5m/s ), tc ny nhanh gp khong 100 ln trong trng hp ghi audio v iu ny l khng th thc hin c.
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Trong thc t, ghi tn hiu c tn hiu hnh trn bng t, ngi ta b tr gm 2 u t nm trn mt trng t ( head drum ), trong khi ghi, trng t quay vi tc khong 1500 vng / pht, trong khi mt bng t c rng khong 0,5 inch c p st na b mt ca trng v trt vi tc khong 2cm/s ( khong tc ca bng cassette ).
1500V/P

2 cm/s
A

5cm

12.65mm 0.5Inch

Cc track video trn bng

Hai u t thng c b tr i xng nhau ( 1800 ) gia thn trng, khi ghi v ln bng cc track t song song nhau, mi track c rng t 0,02 n 0,05 mm. Mi u t c nhim v ghi thng tin ca na nh ln bng t. Do tc di chuyn ca bng chm, nn thc t c th to ra cc hp bng lu tr hnh nh ln n vi gi. Gc phng v ( azimuth setting ) Trong khi ghi tn hiu trn bng, u t s v ln bng cc track lin k v song song nhau, chnh iu ny dn n can nhiu gia tn hiu hai track lin tip khi pht li ( play back ), v th trong thc t ngi ta b tr cc u t trn trng lch so vi phng thng ng mt gc 150 nh vy 2 track gn nhau s c gc ghi lch 300.

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Head A Head B

86

T trng ghi u A

T trng ghi u B

Hai u t ghi ln bng vi gc phng v lch nhau nh trn loi nhiu gia 2 track trong qu trnh pht li. Track ng b ( Synchronization track ) Tc tng i gia bng v u t trong khi ghi v trong khi pht li phi m bo n nh v bng nhau, m bo tt iu ny trong VCR cn b tr mt u ghi xung ng b ln bng. V tr ca track ng b trn bng nh sau:
Audio mono track

Video track Syn. track

S b tr cc u t trong VCR

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u Video u Audio & ng b u xa

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Cun cp bng

Cun thu bng

Hnh 5.2 s b tr u t trong VCR

II. CC H THNG VIDEO VCR c gii thiu u tin bi hng Phillip, vi phin bn V2000, tuy nhin phin bn ny khng c pht trin rng ri, theo sau l hng SONY a ra h thng Betemax, h thng ny c rt mnh, song h thng VCR c s dng ph bin nht trn th gii hin nay vn h VHS ( Video Home System ) c a ra bi hng JVC 1. Betamax : c hng Sony a ra vo nm 1975 da trn h thng U matic system. Trong h thng Betamax bng c dn ra quanh trng t theo hnh ch U trong khi play back, record v fast forward cng nh backward. Khi a bng vo VCR, mt vi pht h thng dn bng quanh u t, tuy nhin cc thao tc sau c thc hin nhanh chng v nh nhng.

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Drum

Hnh 5.3 VCR ca h thng Betamax

2. VHS Sau khi Betamax c a ra th mt nm sau hng JVC a ra h thng video VHS. Trong h thng VHS, bng c dn ra quanh u t theo dng hnh ch M ( M shape ), cch dn bng dng ny c xem l n gin hn Betamax. H thng VHS sau ny c pht trin thm thnh HQ ( hight quality ) VHS. im khc nhau c bn khc ca h Betamax v VHS cn th hin rng track ghi v tc tng i ca bng v u t. h VHS, tc bng chm v rng track ghi ln hn Betamax.

Drum

Hnh 5.4 VCR ca h thng VHS Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

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3. Video Hi 8 Do kch thc ca hp bng trong VHS v Betamax kh ln do khng thch hp cho cc camera xch tay ( camcoder ), chnh v vy m h Hi 8. H thng bng ny cho cht lng m thanh v hnh nh rt tt, tng ng vi Super VHS

VHS Bet ama x Hi8

Hnh 5.5 So snh kch thc hp bng cc hng

III. H THNG M THANH TRONG VCR 1. Mono Trong my VCR mono, m thanh tng ng vi hnh nh c a vo mt u t c nh v ghi ln bng theo mt track song song vi chiu di bng
Audio (track mono)

Video track Sys track

Do tn hiu m thanh c ghi t mt u t c nh nn cht lng ( di tn ) m thanh ph thuc vo tc di chuyn ca bng. Trong VCR tc bng khong 2cm/s di tn ca Audio nh. V d : d = 1, 6 m tn s m thanh cc i c th ghi l:
d = 1, 6 m = f max =

max
2

v 2 f max

2.104 v = = 6, 2 KHz 2.d 3, 2

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2. Hi Fi Srereo khc phc khuyt im ca m thanh mono ngi ta a ra h thng m thanh Hi-Fi Stereo trong VCR tng ng vi HQ VHS Trong Hi Fi Stereo, m thanh c ghi ln bng nh 2 u t t trn trng t ging nh phng php ghi tn hiu hnh, chnh v vy m tn hiu m thanh c iu tn trc khi ghi. Trong cc VCR Hi Fi Stereo, m thanh v hnh nh c ghi trng trn mt track. Tuy nhin, m thanh c ghi lp t tnh su hn video.
Video

Audeo

bng

IV. S TNG THCH GIA VHS V S-VHS:

Cha ghi S-VHS Tape VCR S-VHS ghi S-VHS Tape

Cha ghi VHS Tape VCR -VHS

ghi VHS Tape

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