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Heart: Cardiac Function & Ecgs
Heart: Cardiac Function & Ecgs
Adapted From: Textbook Of Medical Physiology, 11 Ed. Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall Chapters 9, 10, 11, 12, & 13 John P. Fisher
th
pumps
circulatio n by the right ventricle Through the peripher al circulati on by the left ventricle
Upp er bod y
lungs
tricuspid valve
aortic valve
Through the
pulmonary
right ventricle
bo dy
lower
Edition
Copyright 2012, John P. Fisher, All Rights Reserved
Atrial muscle and ventricular muscle contract in a manner similar to skeletal muscle,
except that the duration of contraction is much longer
Specialized excitatory and conductive fibers contract only feebly because they contain
few contractile fibrils However, they exhibit automatic rhythmical electrical discharge in the form of action potentials, providing an excitatory system that controls the rhythmical beating of the heart
Cardiac muscle
fibers are made up of many individual cells connected in series and in parallel with one another
Guyton & Hall. Textbook of Medical Physiology, 11
th
Edition
Reserved
fluid along the longitudinal axes of the cardiac muscle fibers Action potentials travel easily from one cardiac muscle cell to
Cell Junctions
Most notable
type of communicatin g junction is the gap junction
cell lumen
Communicating Junctions
Gap junctions
provide a mechanism for regulated exchange of molecules between adjacent cells
Formed by the
coordinated assembly of transmembran e proteins Gap
junctions in the liver, two adjacent cells each contribute 6
cell lumen
proteins (connexins) to form a 12 transmemb rane protein complex (connexon) that allows small molecules (< 1.2 kDa) to move from one cell to another
Reserved