13 01_1311Z3C1Ol

013 0! 13l00
iiU15 0l1C_a |CU)
LODBOOOS OB PIQUIBCIUIB LODIBDOIDBB
d 9 "
]gg
/'|}
LO0CC!0D LOD0DC!OS C0 fQUI0CUfB LOD0DOfBD0B
II0COf C0 B CO0CCI0D. DBKI PDBOS
V0fSI0D CBS0lBDB` 0X IDCD0Z !DIfIZBCU [0XC0O 0 0xO 0 O VIIUB
C0 0[BDCfO ZB0fB~rOO/Of0I@D IC0 fCDI0CS. GJOf@0 BIDZ)
:
IS0DO C0 lB CO0CCI0D` HBBDB0OUCIO
LUBQUI0f OfDB C0 f0fOCUCC!0D, CISfIDUCI0D, CODUDICBCI0D DICB O
fBDSOfDBCI0D C0 0SB ODfB S0O U0C0 S0f f0BIZBCB COD B BUOfIZBCI0D C0
SUS IUBf0S, SBVO 0XC0CI0D f0VISB Of B 0y. If[BS0 B L L0DfO
SBDO C0 0f0CDOS H0fO@fB!COS, WWW.C0CfO.Of@) SI D0C0S!B OOCO!Bf
O 0SCBD0Bf B@D fB@D0DO C0 0SB ODfB.
LB CIOfIB DO S0 fODUDCIB, DI 0Xf0SB DI IDCIBD0D0, f0S0CO B B
0XBCIUC C0 lB IDOfDBCI0D COD0D!CB 0D 0S0 l!DfO, fBZ0D Of B CUB DO
U0C0 BSUD!f DID@D !O C0 f0SODSBD|ICBC 0D CBSO C0 0ffOf ODISI0D.
GC0 B fBCUCCI0D. 0X ID0D0Z D!fIZBCU
GC0 OS 0XOS` SUS BUOf0S
BfB 0SB 0CIC!0D
G CIOfIBl USBvO I!, |, BfC0ODB,
/|l00 lb0h
|. 1b b~Zb 1b
00Sl!O |6@B!` . J.JZ
Df0S!0D. f0IC08 Z., UD [BfC0ODB)

1 |O\IDOUCCIDO
LUS f0@B
1 LB SI@D\lCBCIDO BfUl\C\DOlCB O lB CIOfO\lCB
OfCOD HBSK
Zd UO DDOlD OB\UfBl BfB lB BfUICUIB.
t LB OB\UfBZB Ol DDOlD VDlU\lVD
UODD lfBZ0f
d VDClOBOS \fDWBS l DfOOBODI O S\UOlD O OlSUD
BD l0D
d LB OSBBICIDH OB DS IOO\ICDS.
LB S\BOOBIl7BClDO BIUl\C\DOlCB O B fB O lB IIDOUC\lOIlIOBO O@I!I
NBfIO BfO
7 LB BfUl\C\UfB lD Vlf\UBl. MBCIB UOB OUVB DB\fIBlOBO
DOID0 ICOD
bb |fSDOBlIOBOS SClOOlOBS
f0 000
MBCIB UO DDOD O fDOUCClDO OD S\BOOBI
HBfCK 0BUC0, 0fDBfC BCR0
1 LOB DfDB BVBOZBOB O DDVllIOBO
f0@ LDD
JQ LB DfDB DBSBOB O CBlCUD. UOB O\fVlS\0 CDO I@ LyDO
D@0DOf@ N. OCK0f
JZJ LD Vlf\UBI
0[BDCfO ZB0fB~HOOOf0I@D IC0 fCR0CS
I3 PfUI\C\UfB. CIDClB. \CODlD@IB fIOD O lD VlI\UB
DOD0 H10OD
Ib LB BfUI\C\UfB BS \CODlD@BS O lB VlOB
BDOIC hWD0f
!J LlUZ USD Ol Bl@DfI\DD @O0\lCD O BfUl\C\UfB
NBDU0 0 LBDCB
d L CDDlD Ol@!\Bl OlZ BHDS OSU0S
BD 0R
1d fOOBf Su DIOOBODf
J0RR lfBZ0f
\1 P@IBOClDlO\DS
U 3 IDlD@fBB
Z1 ID@IBBS O DS BU\DfS
Tl1D0lCC1DT
LlUS IIB@B
LS\B l!DIC BS UDB IBCC!lBC!D OB IBlBX!CDBS SCDIB B lHBC\C OB lBS \BC
DClC@BS OB lB lDCIHBC!D y lB CCHUD!CBC!D 1lL) BD lB BIU!\BC\UIB.
Ll CI!@BD OB BS\B BDHBDC SB IBHCD\B B lB OBCBOB OB 1, CUBDOC B
C!DBIDB\!CB SB !D\ICOU[C CCD UBlZB BD lB O!SCUSlD OBl 3HD!\C BIU!~
\BC\D!CC. BSOB BD\CDCBS, Bl !HBC\C OB lBS 1L BD lB BIU!\BC\UIB DB
S!OC CD[B\C OB IBlBX!D, @BDBIBDOC Bl@UDCS OB lCS OBDB\BS H3S V!VCS y
ClBH!CCS OB lB O!SC!l!DB. l \IB\BISB OB UDB !DVBS\!@BC!D UB @CZB OB
lBDB V!@BDC!B y UB CUBD\B yB CCD H3S OB \IBS OBCBOBS OB OBSBIICllC,
BS CCHIBDS!DlB UB BD BllB BDCCD\IBHCS Bl@UDBS VBS OB \IBDB[C UB
yB DBD S!OC BDBDOCDBOBS, C\IBS UB SB BDCUBD\IBD BD BSB OB O!SCUSlD
y Bl@UDBS C\IBS UB BHBI@BD. BOB lB BDCIHB CBD\!OBO OB \BXCS UDll
CBOCS BD lCS l\!HCS BDCS, HUCDCS OB BllCS CCD\IBOlC\CI!CS BD\IB S, B
IBCCDS\IUCC!D OB BS\B OBDB\B DC IB\BDOB SBI D! BXDBUS\!VB D! CDjB\!VB,
UBS BD DC O!SCDBHCS OB !B O!S\BDC!B D!S\I!CB SU!C!BD\B BIB llBVBI
B CBDC UDB BICX!HBC!D CCHlB\B. B \IB\B OB UDB \CHB OB CS!C!D
UB IBIBDOB !DCBD\!VBI y IBCCDOUC!I lB IB!BX!D SCDIB Bl BBl OB lB
\BCDClC@B BD lB BIU!\BC\UIB.
OD lU@BI CCHD BD HUCDCS OB lCS \BX\CS UB BDCIOBD Bl BDHBDC
OB lB O!@!\Bl!ZBC!D BS Bl USC OB lB BlBDIB IBVClUC!D`. LD I!DC!!C, SB
COIB BD\BDOBI IBVClUC!D` OB O!BIBD\BS HCOCS, S!D BHDBI@C, CUBDOC
SB !DSlS\B BD Bl CBHD!C OB 0f00gD0 UB DB SUUBS\C lB !D\ICOUCC!D OB
lCS CIOBDBOCIBS BD lB I3C\!CB O!SC!l!DBI, lBS CC!CDBS SB IBOUCBD. B
BS\HIlB OB CIHB BV!OBD\B Bl HCOBlC BSBDlBC!OC CI JDCHBS . hUDD'
BIB OBSCI!D!I lBS IBVClUC!CDBS C!BD\!CBS. hUDD !OBDl!CB UDB fBVClU
C!D C!BD\!CB CCD BUBllCS B!SCO!CS OB OBSBIICllC DC BCUHUlB\!VC BD
lCS UB SB IBBHlBZB, CCHlB\BHBD\B C BD BI\B, UD BD\!@UC BIBO!@HB
CI C\IC DUBVC B !DCCHB\!DlB CCD Bl BD\BIlCI. LB BCUHUlBClD OB BDCH
BlBS y OB ICUBS\BS DC SB\!SBCDBS SB@D Bl HCOBlC !HBIBDB OB lB
L!BDC!B NCIHB\ SB IBSUBlVB SB\lSBC\CI!BHBD\B CI HBO!C OBl DUBVC
HCOBlC. UBOB OB\BC\BISB Bl@C S!H!lBI BD lCS CBHD!CS UB Bl BDHBDC
O!@!\Bl DB !D\ICOUC!OC BD !B BIU!\BCUIB. DBS OB lB BBI!C!D OB lCS

DICBDBCD!BS, BDBS UB DDy SB !CBD!!CBD CDDD CBIBCBISICDS CB lB

B!U!BCUIB C!@!Bl =IBlBC!DDBS C!DSD!CBS, lU]DS, @BDDBIBS DD BUC~
l!C!BDBS, !DB@IBC!DD CB DDCBlDS DBU!BBS, BC.yB DBOBD S!CD BODI~
CBCDS D! BIU!BCDS !BC!@!BlBS, BUDUB BS C!B!D UB lB DBDBIB CB
!BOB]BIDS DBOB S!CD DSS DBBD!!CB UB !DS!UDBDBl =V0BDSB, DI
B]BDlD, lDS C!B@IBDBS CB DDV!D!BDDS CB LDU!S |. hBDD, lDS IDyBCDS
!DDIDBS CB I!BCI!CD h!BSlBI D lDS IBOB]DS !DC0X!CDS CB DBIlBS y HBy
LBDBS=. !D BDOBI@D, lB DS!O!!CBC CB B!CBI B lB BIU!BCUIB Bl
DDCB!D CB 1DDDBS . hUDD BS CUBS!DDBOlB, UBS DD SB !BB CB UDB BC~
!V!CBC C!BD!CB y, DI BDD, lB BS!UCUIB BSBOlBC!CB BD OBSB B BIB~
C!@DBS DD BIBCB BXIBDlBOlB CB UDB D!DB l!BIBl. LS !DDS!OlB CB!D!I
UDB 0IUlCuI0 D0I00 Bl CDDD hUDD BCDD UDB ClDCl0 D0I00. LD BSB
SBD!CD, lBS B!!DBC!DDBS BD C!BVB C!BD!!SB UB CB!DBD Bl !DBCD C!@!Bl
CDDD UDB IBVDlUC!DD D CDDD UD CBDO!D CB BIBC!@DB CBOBIBD BDBDCBISB
CB UDB D!DB DBBDI!CB y DD BDBl!CB. P lD UB !DOBOlBDBDB SB IB!~
BIBD DUCDDS CB BSDS BUDIBS BS B UB !BS 11 DBD BID!!CD UD CBDO!D
CB ]B!BIUB BD lBS I!DI!CBCBS CB lDS BIU!BCDS y, CDD BlD, SB DB DS!~
O!l!BCD UDB IBCDDCBUB!ZBC!DD CBl DBICD CB lB C!SCUS!DD C!SC!l!DBI.
LSB !DBI!BBC!DD DD DBDDSCBOB B !DD!BDC!B CBl CBDO!D, S!DD DSS
O!BD DCD D CDD!BI!D, D lBDBB BD SUS ]USDS 0ID!DDS. BOB !DS!S!I BD
UB SB IBB CB CBDO!DS SUSBDC!BBS BD OUBDB BfB CB lDS C!D!BDDS
SDOIB lDS UB SB DB VBD!CD SUSBDBDCD lB ISC!CB BIU!BCDD!CB, CDDD
lB IBIBSBDBC!DD, lB @BS!DD CB !DD!DBC!DD D lB V!IUBl!CBC.
LB SBlBCC!DD CB BXDS UB BU SB IBSBDB BV!B DDBI DS!C!DDBS
BXBS!VBDBDB BCDDl!CBS D BCDDDO!CBS y SB DB CBDIBCD BD IBlB]BI
BlDBCD CB BSB CBDO!D CB I!DI!CBCBS.
1IBS lB !DIDCUCC!DD CB !B BCDDlD@B C!@!Bl BD Bl DUDCD BCBC0D!CD, lB
!DVBS!@BC!DD B!CBDZD DS!C!DDBS DUy !BC!CBlBS. DI UD lBCD SB IDCU]D
UDB BX!DS!DD SBUCDC!BD!!SB UB CDD!BOB BD lB BCDDD@B y BD SU CB~
BC!CBC CB CDDVB!!ISB BD UDB BOlB SBlVBV!CBS BDB UD DSDDCBID!SDD
!BDBDB. LB IBBIBDC!B B! IDCBSD BID!B BSCBOUll!ISB CB lB BXCBS!VB
CBI@B !CDDD@IS!CB, D!SDI!CB y SBDSD!CB CBl DSDDCBID!SDD VBDUI!BDD.
UD SB@UDCD @!UD IBBCC!DDD BDB lB BBI!C!DD CBl DICBDBCDI CDD UDB
!DC!B!BDC!B UB IDZBOB lD @IDBSCD, BCBBDCD B! DUBVD !DSIUDBDD, B
lD SUDD, CDDD UDB DUBVB !DBS!S BIB Bl BIUBCD.

PDB BSDS CDS BDDUBS BDB@DD!CDS, UDB BICBIB DBDBIB CB lBD~

BB! B IDOlBDB DB !CD DDBDCD DS!C!DDBS S!lBDC!DSBDBDB. B IB~
B CB UDB DC!DD UB DB SB@U!CD UDB @BDBIBC!DD CB BIU!BCDS UB DD
IDOlBDB!ZB lD C!@!Bl CDDD Bl, SlDD UB SDD C!@!BBS DI DBC!D!BDD
D BCDC!DD, SBDClllBDBDB, DB!BD BD B! DUBVD DBC!D. LD UDB IBV!S!DD
DD CBClBIBCB CB C!BID IB@DB!SDD, SU BC!UC BS ClBIBDBDB !DCUS!~
VB y DD C!Bl0C!CB, SUS !DBIBSBS SDD C!VBISDS, Dl!lBS y UIBlBS. ND
BDlBDCBD Bl DIDBl!SDD CDDD BDB@DD!CD CB lD UDC!DDBl, DD !DB@!DBD
lD S!SBDS!CD CDDD DUBSD B D CIBB!VD, DD IB!BIBD lD DIDBDBDBl B
D!D@UDB ISC!CB CBllC!VB, D! BDDCD IBDUDC!BD B lDS BCC!CBDBS. LB
CDDlB]!CBC yB DD BSCDB DI S D!SDB, SDD DI SU lBBDB !DBl!@BDClB
V!IUBl BSDS BIU!BCDS DD SB DUIBD CB @IBDCBS DBIIB!VBS BXClUyBD~
BS, S!DD UB CDDDIDBD IDOUSBS IBCBS CB !DBIBSBS, DD DBOlBD CB lDS
DICBDBCDIBS, lDS U!l!ZBD.
LB BSIUCUIB CB BSB IBCD!lBC!DD CB BXDS BID!B lBBIlDS CB CDS
DBDBIBS. DI UD lBCD, lDS BXDS SDD !DCBBDC!BDBS BDIB S! y CBCB UDD
!BDB !DBI0S D! S D!SDD. Pl D!SDD !BDD, BDO!0D UBCBD lBBfSB CB
UDB DBDBIB CDDVBDC!DDBl BS CBC!I, CDDD UD D!CD BXD, CDD UDB lBCUIB
CDD!DUB B !D!DBIIUD!CB. LB SBlBCC!DD y B DICBD CB lDS BXDS SB OBSB
BD lB !DU!C!DD CB UB DDS BDCDDIBDDS BDB UD CBDO!D CB @IBCD, BDB UD
BOBDCDDD CB UD IDCBSD !D!C!S!CD B lD CI@Bl y BDB Bl B!IBDUB CB UDB BI~
UBCUIB C!@IBl CB SB@UDCB @BDBIBC!DD. B BSB DDCD, B DICBD CBl !OID
DD S!@UB BSI!CBDBDB UDB SBCUBDC!B CIDDDD@CB, S!DD C!SCUIS!VB.
Ll !!DBI BXD CB BSB fBCD!lBC!DD, UD BMCUlD CB DICDD BSK, BS
Bl D!CD BDBI!DI B 11D, BCDB CB IBBIBDC!B CB lB UB BIB DCB BSB
CDlBCC!DD CB BSCI!DS. Ll BICUlD CB DICDD BSK, B!DCUBDBDBDB !U~
lBCD BD 1 LB IBlBVBDC!B BfU!BCDD!CB CB B C!OBID0!CB`, IBSBlB B
!CBB CB UB, BDB DCD, lDS BIU!BCDS SDD ClSBDBCDIBS CB S!SBDBS UB
BD lDS l!DDS BDDS DBD !CD CBDIBDCD CBCB VBZ DSS SU !DBI0S BD BS
ID!BCBCBS DI@BD!ZB!VBS CB lDS S!SBDBS CB CBSBIIDl\D, CDDUD!CBC!DD
y CDDID. LSB BXD DBICB UD !D!C!D UB DB BIBCB S!@D!CB!VD BD lB
C!SCUS!DD SDOIB lB IBlBC!DD BDIB lB BCDDlD@B C!@!Bl y lB BIUlBCUIB.
Ll IDBCD CB lB C!OBID0!CB SDOIB lB BIU!BCUIB DD BS SDlD !DSIUDBD~
Bl, S!DD UB CDDS!UyB UD DUBVD DBICD BDI!CD CDDCB DCBI BDSBI y
IDyBCBI. PUBllD UB CUIBDB B S!@lD SB BDBDCB CDDD UD IDCBSD

IBlBDlC_ICD l!DBBl CBCUCI!VD DBSBCD BD lB !CBDI!ICBCICD CB UDB CBUSB y
SU BBCID, SB CDDV!BfIB BD UD IDCBSD !DCUCI!VD CDD UDB BfDX!DBC!CD
S!SIBDBIICB y C!ICUlBf UB SB fBIIDBl!DBDIB y UB CB f!Df!CBC B lD BI~
DfDBI!VD IBDIB B lD DBfBDBDIB CBSCI!IIVD. Df BIBCC]!CD UB BIBZ~
CB, lB BBI!C!CD CB lBS fBCBS C!_!IBlBS fBCUBfB Bl_UDB CB lBS C_!CBS CB
lBS SDC!BCBCBS DfBlBS BDIBI!DfBS B lB IffUCICD CB lB lDfBDIB. B CUBS
I!DDB lB lCBB CB I!DlD_B CDDD BSIfUCIUfB I_!CB UB BSIBD!BCB IBlBC!D~
DBS BDIIB DfDB y UDClCD BfB VDlVBf B RBDlBf CB lB BfU!IBCIUfB BD I0I
D!DDS DI_BD!CDS y C!DBD!CDS. B SUBIB Bl CDDlB]D BDI!DfDBDBDIBl CBl
DDVlD!BDID DDCBfDD DBS CBDCD!CD y SB CBSBfIDllBD DUBVDS C!SCUISDS
y fDUBSIBS SDDIB lD DfDBDBDIBl CDDD S!SIBDB IDIB_fBCDf CB lB IfBCB
V!IIUV!BDB CDD lB BBf!C!CD CB lDS DUBVDS S!SIBDBS !DIB_fBCDS CB C!SB~
HD y IDCUCC!CD, SB BS!D!lB lB l!D!IBCICD CB lB SBf!BCICD fDCUCIlVB CB
lB IDCUSIfIB DBCBD!ZBCB CB I_I!BC !BCIDD' y SB fBCUBfB lB BDD!CICD
CB BfSDDBl!ZBf lB IDCUCC!CD, yB DD CBSCB SU BDI!_UB CDD!_UfBCICD
DBDUBl, S!DD CBSCB lB SID_UlBf!CBC UB lDS S!SIBDBS C!_!IBlBS BID!IBD
|DCDfDIBf Bl IDCBSD CB C!SBHD. YB DD SB !BDSB BD UDC!CD CB SBIlBS D
fBBI!C!DDBS, S!DD BD VBIS!DDBS y VBf!BC!DDBS.
ODf0 0 COR0DlOO
ND SB IfBIB CB CISCUI!f S! BCBIBDDS D DD lD C!_!IBl. LBDIIBf lB CISCUS!CD
BD BSIDS I0fD!DDS yB DD BS BIIIDBDIB. LB CISCUS!CD SB CBDIfB SDDIB CCDD
fBCDDSIfU!f, S! UBfB CBSBBDlB, lDS DBfCDS CB BVBlUBC!CD y CBSBfIDlD CB
UDB C!SC!lIDB UB RDy BIBCB DUCRD DBS CDDlB]B, BD!BfIB y DIBDIB
CBSCB Bl UDID CB V!SIB !DSIfUDBDIBl UB BD Bl S!_lD BDIBfIDf. LDDD IBD~
IBS VBCBS RB SUCBCICD BD lB R!SIDI!B CB lB BfUlIBCIUfB, BfBCB UB DDS
BDCDDIfBDDS BD UD DDDBDID CDDCB lDS _fBDCBS C!SCUfSDS, lDS !SDDS
fBCUCIDIBS, yB DD SDD DS!DlBS Dl CBSBBDlBS. B_UfBDBOIB Bl UIUfD BS
DUCDD DBS BfBC!CD B UDB fBC lBX!DlB y fBCDD!_UfBDlB, UOB fBC CBSCB
CDDCB BDDICBf lDS _fBDCBS IBDBS BDCIBDIBS, IBSBDIBS y DI VBD!f.
LDD CDS IBXIDS CBCB UDD, IBD PllBD y JDDD fBZBf IBlBX!DDBD SDDfB
lDS DUBVDS DBClDS y fBClBDBD SUBfBf lB BIBDClCD UB SB fBSIB Bl DB~
C!D Cl_!IBl BfB BSUDIf lB fBBlICBC C!_lIBl CDDD IBl y VDlVBI B CBDIfBf lB

CISCUS!CD BD DIfDS BDDlIDS CB lB C!SC!l!DB. LDD SUS fBBX!DDBS `fDC!~

_I\BlBS y DSC!_IIBlBS BDDDS BUIDfBS BDDBfCBD Bl IBSID CB IfBDB]DS
SBlBCC!DDBCDS.
NBf!D LBfD IfBIB Bl IDDlBDB CB lB fDCUCClCD DD BSIBDCBI BD B BfB
C!_!IBl. BSCB lB BfSBCI!VB CB U!BD RB DDSBfVBCD BIBDIBDBDIB Bl CBVB~
Dlf CB lB C!SCUS!CD SDDfB lD Cl_lIBl BD BfU!IBCIUIB, LBfD DDS fBSBDIB Bl
BSIBCD BCIUBl CB B IDVBSI!_BClCD CBDIfBDCDSB BD lB fDCUCC!CD. PDIDlDB
!CDD BDDfCB BD `LB BIU!IBCIUfB y lD V!fIUBl. MBC!B UDB DUBVB DBIBf!Bl!~
CBC Bl fDDlBDB CB lB DBIBI!Bl!CBC y lB fBfBSBDIBC!CD BD Bl BDD!ID CB
lB BfU!IBCIUfB C!_!IBl.
fB\\ IBBB, !DVBSIl_BCDf CB fBBfBDClB BD Bl CBDD CB lD Cl_!IBl DI
SU IfBDB]D BD lB PfCRlIBCIUfBl PSSDClBI!DD, C!SI!D_UB BDIfB lDS UB 0l CB~
DDDlDB BfI!CBf!DS CBl C!B_fBDB y lDS CBl fDCBSD. ! lDS f!DBfDS BD~
IlBDCBD SU BCI!VlCBC CDDD BXBDS!VB, CDDIBXIUB y _BSIDfB CB CBIDS, DS
SB_UDCDS DBIBD CB DDCD DBS !DIfDSBCI!VD, DBD!BSIBDCD UD !DIBf0S
BSBC!Bl Df B !DVBSII_BC!CD IDDlC_lCB.
BIDBfC LBCRB y BIf!CK BBUC0 fBlBX!DDBD BD SU IBXID SDDfB lB fD~
CUCC!CD DD BSIBDCBf!ZBCB. BSCB SU fD!B BXBflBDC!B CDDD lDVBSI!~
_BCDfBS, BBCIBD UD DfDBDDf!ZBCD fBCDff!CD SDDIB lDS UDCBDBDIDS
CB lB BfU!IBCIUfB BSDClBI!VB y fDClBDBD lB DBCBS!CBC CB CDDSIIUlf UDB
CUlIUIB CB B fDCUCClCD C!_!IB.
fB_ LyDD CBOIfB SU IBXID BD lBS BXBCIBIIVBS CB fUIUfB CDD UD DD~
CBlD CB BfU!IBCIUIB DBSBCD BD B BSIUClD CB UBfZBS BSIBIlCBS y fBClBDB
UDB fBCDDCBIUBllZBC!CD CB B C!SC!!DB BDyBOCDSB BD B CBBC!CBC
CB lDS DfCBDBCDfBS CB BDDICBf S!SIBDBS y DDCBlDS C!DBDlCDS. cD SU Bf~
ICUlD~BDIfBV!SIB, |D_BDDf_ HDCKBf DDS ByUCB B fBCDffBf IDCB lB IfByBCID~
I!B fDBS!DDBl y CDDCBIUBl CB fB_ LyDD, UDD CB lDS DBS CBSIBCBCDS y
fDl!lCDS !DVBSIl_BCDfBS CB lD C!_!IB.
PB]BDCfD ZBBfB~DlD CB DfB!_D !CB PfCR!IBCIS, DBCB R!DCBl0 BD
lB C!SIIDC!CD BDIfB lB BIUIIBCIUfB Vlf\UBl y lD V!fIUBl BD BfU!IBCIUfB, CBD~
IfBDCD SU !OIBI0S BD BSIB I!DD BSBCID y BD CCDD SB UI!lIZBD C!B_fBDBS
y DBC!DS lDDfDBI!CDS BfB BXlDfBf DUBVDS CDDUBSIDS DBIBflBlBS.
LD UD IBXID CB CBf!2 DBS BCBC0DlCD, PDID!DB !CDD BDDfCB BSIB DlS~
DD IBDB CB B V!IIUBl!CBC BD SU BIICUlD `PfUlIBCIUfB, ClBDC!B, IBCDDlD~
_B y Bl fBlDD V!fIUBl.

BDID OB UD BDO!D DBS BDI!CD SB BDDBICBD lBS CDDI!OUCIDDBS OB

BDDIO W!DBI y NBDUBl BlBDOB. LD `BlBUZB y Bl USD OBl Bl_DI!DD
_BDB!CD BD BIU!BCUIB`, B!BDOB IBlBX!DDB SDOIB lDS DUBVDS DDODS
OB _BDBIBC!DD OB lB DIDB OBDID OBl DBICD CDDCBUB! OBlBUZ!BDD y
IBDDB lB DlBDICB SDOIB S! !DS DIOBDBODIBS IBIBSBDBD Bl !DBl OB !B
BUDIB BIS!CB.
BDDIO WIDBI, DI SU BIB, BODIOB BD SU BICUlD lB CDDVBI_BDC!B
BDIB Bl CDDDCBI y Bl DBCBI, ODS CBIBCBIS!CBS OB lB !lDSDB y lB BI~
U!BCUIB IBSBC!VBDBDB. B_D WIDBI, UDB DUBVB V!S!DD DI_BD!CB,
BIDDO!DBDICB B !DDIDBC!DDBl OB lB DIDB BD BIU!BCUIB yB DB CD~
DBDZBOD B BBIBCBI BD lB BIB O!_!Bl.
DI IBZDDBS DOVIBS OB !!D!BC!DD OB BSBC!D, DD DB S!OD DS!OlB IBCD~
IlBI IBOB[DS OB DODS BUB!lDS UB DBD DBCDD BDIBC!DDBS S!_D!!CBI~
VBS B BSB BDO!D, DUCDBS OB BSBS CDDIOUC!DDBS BSBD IBBIBDC!BOBS
BD lB O!Ol!D_IBB BO[UDB. JUDD B lDS UlDS OB lDS BICUlDS SB DBD BDB~
OIOD UDBS BlBOIBS SDOIB SU CDDBDOD, BIB DI!BDBI Bl lBCDI !DBIBSB~
OD BD BDl!BI SUS lBCUIBS SDOIB Bl BDB.
bl IB_!SID OB VDCBS UB BBIBCB BD BSB |!OID BS O!VBISD y SU BSIUC~
UIB DD BDO!CDDB CDDBIBDC!B D! IDSB!I!SDD. B IBB OB BUDIBS UB,
CDD lB ID!B BVDlUCIDD OB SU IBOB[D, DBD IBCDDDCIOD y OBDDSIBOD UB
lB BCDDlD_B DB IDOUC!OD UD !DBCD IDOUC!VD, UB SB IBB OB UDB
DUBVB DDMUD!OBO BIB IBBDSBI y BDSBDCDBI lBS IDDBIBS OB lB IBC!~
CB BIU!BCDDICB, BID UB DD IBDUDC!BD B BDBDOBI SU BC!V!OBO CDDD
O!SC!l!DBI. BDBS!BOD B DBDUOD Bl OBOBB SB DB VISD CDDO!CIDDBOD DI
BIDX!DBC!DDBS DDIBlISBS SDOIB lB BDfBC!DD OBl DUBVD DBO!D B lB BI~
U!BCUIB. DI SU BDO!_BOBO IDDBI!ZB, lB O!SC!l!DB S!BDIB DB S!OD
BSCBDBI!D OB OISCUS!DDBS SDOIB SU CDDS!UC!DD, y SB_UIBDBDB BSB DB~
CDD DB BID!!OD SU OBSBIIDllD. LB DlBD!CB SDOIB lB BBI!C!DD OBl DIOB~
DBODI UB SBCUBSIBOB BD lDS l!DDS BDDS DI O!SCUISDS UB BUDBOBD
BDD B lB OBSBBIIC!DD OB lB O!SC!l!DB DI CU!B OBl DUBVD DSIUDBD~
Bl, CDDD B lB CI!CB OB UD IBBDOIOD DO[BV!SDD OBSBOD BD S!SBDBS
IDCBSUBlBS. LD C!BID BS UB SB IBB OB UD OBOBB BlSD. LB DDIUD!OBO
BIB lB lBODI IDyBCUB! D BIB lB CI!CB DD BSB DI BD, S!DD DI IBCU~
BIBI lB BIU!BCUIB CDDD BC!V!OBO CUlUIBl UB IBIDCDIDIB lD V!IUBl
CDDD CBDID OB SU BDO!D OB OBSBIIDllD CDDCBUBl y lD BIBDBI!CD

CDDD DClBD OB SU BCD!CB IDyBCUBl. LS C!BtD UB, _IBC!BS B lD O!_!B,

D\D_UDD OB BSDS ODS BSBCDS lD VIUBl y lD BIBDBI!CDBS DUBVD,
UBS BDODS DBD BSBOD IBSBDBS BD lB BIU!BCUIB, S!D BDOBI_D

B D~
OIBD BS C!BID UB, _IBC!BS B lBS !L, BDD lD V!IUB CDDD D BIBDBOCD
SB DBD CDDVBI!OD BD lDS DDDrBS OB UDB DUBVB CDDCBUBl!ZBC!DD OB lB
BC!V!OBO.
UDD 1D0m8S 1D9 SfUCUf9 0 SC90IIC f9v0U00S, ODlv0IStI 0 LDC8@0 I0SS, LDlC8
@0, 19/ [v0ISl0D 8St08D8' L0 9SffUCUf0 O9 0S f9v0UC009S C90C0S, 0DO0 O0 LUIUI8
Lconmca. Madtd. 1971!.
I0Ol0D, l@l9d, N9CD00Z000 0K9S C0000

00,

W.W. N0II0D NU0v8 Y0IK, 19b9 lv0ISl0D

C8S08D8. L0 09C00Z0C00 000 9 000O0, LOI0O8 US8v0 lD, 8IC00D8, 197b).
1
!3 B1gl1]1C3C1l 3lQ11IPC\llC3 0P 13 C1DPTl6\lC3
DIODD BSK

HBSUlB BCIl BlB@BI UB lB CIOBID0ICB BS Sl@DllCBIVB BIB lB BIUIBC~

UIB, OB I@UBl DDOD UB D BS BIB DUCDBS DIBS IDBSlDDBS, CDDD lB
DBOlCIDB, lB ID@BDIBIB D Bl OBIBCDD. DI B[BDlD, lB 10CDICB OB IBVlSICD y
BVBlUBCICD OB ID@IBDBS [LH1. ID@IBD LVBlUBIDD BDO HBVlBW 1BCD~
DIUB] BS lDBUVDCBDBDB `CIOBID0ICB` y SB BDlBB CDDDDBDB BD
lB lBDI!CBCICD OB lB CDDSIUCCICD. Ll OlSBDD BSlSIOD DI DIOBDBODI
BS UD D0DOD CIOBID0ICD` y BXISBD VBIlDS B[BDlDS OB SU BllCBCICD
BD BIUlBCUIB CDDD, DI B]BDlD, Bl BSUBDB OB lBD!ICBClCD WLL
BD Bl UB Bl IDyBCISB UIlZB UD OISDSIIVD @IBICD BIB IBIBSBDBI lB
OISDSICICD OB DCOUlDS BSIUCUIBlBS SDOIB UDB DBllB y BD Bl UB Bl DI~
OBDBODI IBSUDB lDS BSUBIZDS IBSUlBDBS OB UDB OlSDSICICD IDUBS
TB. B BSDS CBSDS, Bl IIDBID |LH} BS UDB BlICBCICD VBlIDSB BID Bl@D
IIVIBl OB lB CIOBID0lCB, Bl SB@UDOD UBOB llB@BI B B]BICBI UDB lDlUBDCIB
IDUDOB BD Bl IDyBCD BIUIBCCDICD. ID BDOBI@D, DlD@UDD OB lDS ODS
OBDUBSIB DBS UB UD VDCUlD SUBIICIBl BDIB B CIOBID0ICB y lB BI~
UIBCUIB. I OB]BDDS BU Bl BDB, lDS BIUIBCDS IBDBD BCCBSD B UD
CDD]UDD OB IUCDS CIOBID0ICDS y BCDBD DBDD OB BUBllDS UB UBOBD
BIBCBIlBS DBS BID!BODS, DI OBSCDDBOD, SBIB BIBCBDBDB IBZD~
DBOlB DBCBIlD. ND DOSBDB, lB CIOBID0ICB y lB BIUIBCUIB IBBlDBDB
OISIUBD OB UDB IBlBCICD DUCDD DBS DIDB. CDDBIBD UDB IlDSDB
BIUBCCDICB, UB BDIO BBI RB OBlDIOD CDDD lB IlDSDlB OB lB ID~
VBSI@BCICD DBIBIVB.
LB OISCUSICD SB BDyB BD lB IOBB OB UB lDS BIUlBCDS SDD, IIDBID y
BDB DOD, IDyBCSBS OB SlSBDBS UB SB DBD VISD DI2BODS, B lD lBI@D
OB DBS D DBDDS lDS lIDDS CIBD BDDS, B IDBIBSBISB CBOB VBZ D8S DI
lBS IDIBOBOBS DI@BDIZBIVBS |BS OBCII, lDBD@IOlBS} OB lDS SlSBDBS OB
5K, 0rO0. 100 lC0I0CUl l00VRC0 0 CyD0lR0ICS, 0H PI0Dtf0CfU/0 0S@D, , V0. 1,
NU0V Y0lK, 1, 8@S. kkk.
1
OBSBIIDllD, CDDUD!CBC!CD y CDDIDl. LDS IDOlBDBS OB O!SBD SB BIDD~
BOB

Bl CDDD SUI@BD, BID OBSOB 0BCB Bl@D IBDD SB DB UBSD OB

DBDItBSD UB BS DBCBSBI!B UDB BDIB UDI!CBODIB OB OBSB. LB C!OBIDB~
!CB BS UDB O!SC!l!DB UB CUDlB BSB UDC!CD BD lB DBO!OB BD UB SUS
CDDCBDS BOSIBCDS UBOBD !DBIIBBISB BD BID!DDS BIU!BCCD!CDS
[y, ODDOB IDCBOB, !OBD!!CBISB CDD S!SBDBS BIU!BCCD!CDS IBBlBS),
BIB DIDBI UDB I00l|0 [C!OBIDB!CB BIUIBCCDICB, lB BDIB C!OBIDB!CB
OB !B BIUIBCUIB).'
BCBS RlSCllCBS*
MBCIB I!DC!!DS OBl SI@lD Ik, !B BIUBCUIB UIB BXISB CDDD UDB BOS~
IBCC!CD OBl BI\B OB CDDSIU!I. LD BSBDC!B, SUS IB@lBS BIBD !DSIUCC!DDBS
CDDOBDSBOBS OB lD UB DOB DOSBIVBISB Bl VBI B lDS CDDSIUCDIBS IB~
OB]BI eD UDB DOIB y Bl VBI lDS BO!!C!DS CDDSIU!ODS BD O!BIBDBS lU@BIBS
BD OIBIBDBS BDCBS. LDS BIUIBCDS BRBO!BIDD UDB !ZCB OB D!C!D !D~
@BD!BI!l UDB SBDS!O!lIOBO D!SCI!CB D BSB!CB B SU O!SC!l!DB y CIBBIDD
DUBVDS BO!!C!DS CDD 0SL0DllD00 y 0SLl0. LD CDD]UDD, SUS BO!!C!DS UBIDD
]UZ@BODS BD Bl SBDD OB lB BIUIBCUIB UIB SB@D BSDS CSDDDBS.
DClUSD BD BUBl BDDDCBS, DI SUUBSD, SB BOB B !DS BIU!BCDS
aB IBSDlV!BIBD IDO!BDBS UB BDBD UB VBI CDD Bl CDO!jD y Bl BlDjB~
DIBDD OB lDS SBIBS DUDBDDS, DI BDD, UB OISBDBIBD S!SBDBS

ID
BDOBI@D, BD C!BID SBD!OD, SU CDDBBDC!B BIB OBSBDB !ID!BOB. 1D~
ODS lDS IDO!BDBS DOBD IBSDlVBISB DBO!BDB !B Bl!CBCICD ]U!C!DSB
OB lBS IB@lBS BIU!BCCDICBS UIBS. LB DIDB OBl BIBBCD |lB CBSB, lB
BSCU

BlB D BBBID) VBDB BD @IBD BIB OBBIDIDBOB DI UDDS CCO!@DS

BIUtBCCD!CDS OBSBDB I@IODS [UB O!CBOBD, DI B]BDlD, lBS IBlBC!D~
DBS BCBBOlBS BDIB lBS BIBS y Bl DOD) y DI lBS CDDVBDC!DDBS OB lB
SDC!BOBO D OB CBOB BIU!BCD. 1BCD!CBDBDB DBOlBDOD, BX!SBD DBO!DS
B CDDUD!CBC!CD OIBD BCBBODS BIB lBS !DSIUCC!DDBS, O!IBCI!CBS B
!OBBS UB SB IBDSD!BD [DBDUBlBS OB BS!lD, BC.). NSS BIOB, SB CIBC
UD 00L00DgU0[0 BIB DBOlBI OB BSBS IDSIUCC!DDBS, O!IBCI!CBS B !OBBS,
BIB CDDBIBIlBS, BVBlUBIlBS y CIIICBIlBS [CDDD BD lDS CSDDDBS OB lB
BSBO!l!OBO D OBl BS!lD). B DBCDD, CUBDOD BIBD !DBIIBBODS, Bl CUBID
OB CSDDDBS DBBl!D@S!CDS DIDBOB B BDIB OB lB BIU!BCUIB UIB.
D CDDSBCUBDC!B, BUDUB O!SBRBSBD S!SBDBS, lDS BIU!BCDS DD BDBD
DBCBS!OBO OB VBISB CDDD O!SBBODIBS OB S!SBDBS y lB BV!OBDC!B SU@!B~
IB UB DD SB VBBD CDDD BlBS. LD SU lU@BI, B !DB@BD IDBS!DDBl BIB lB
OB UD CDDSIUCDI SD!S!CBOD OB CBSBS, BSCUBlBS D BBIDS.
UIBDB lB BIB V!CDI!BDB SB OBSBIIDllBIDD DUBVBS BCD!CBS CDD OBDB~
S!BOB IB!OB/ BIB SBI BS!D!lBOBS DI lB BIU!BCUIB aIB, SB l

BDBB~
IDD DUBVDS IDOBDBS y yB DD SB DOBD DOBDBI SDUCIDDBS BlICBDOD
BS IB@BS OB lB BIU!BCUIB UIB, DI B]BDlD, BIB CDDSIU!I e

DB BSB~
C!CD OB BIIDCBI!!l D UDB BXDS!C!CD IDBIDBC!DDBl. LB SDUCtCD B BSDS
IDOBDBS [DI BDDDCBS) OBSCBOBl\BODS OBBDOB CBIBDBDB OB vBI Bl
BO!!C!D UB SB IBUBIB CDDD UDB BIB OBl BCDS!SBDB OB UDB SDCI eOB
DUDBDB. SS CBID UB lDS IDOlBDBS SB IBSDlV!BIDD y UB BS BCD
CBS DDVBODSBS lD@IBIDD Bl!CBISB B Bl BBCD [1BDB NBBOS, lB 1Ie!CB
MDUSB BD Bw, Bl LIySBl BlBCB). LD D! D!D!CD, SB !BB OB SDUCIDD

BS
BXCBC!DDBDBDB DBIDDSBS." B DOBS DIDBS, IBSUBD SDlUC!DBS lD~
O!V!OUBlBS B !O!DS!DCISS!CBS DIUB, BD Bl DUBVD CDDBXD, DD DBOtB DB~
DBIB OB llBVBI B CBOD UD OBOBB @BDBIB y CIl!CD. PClBIBDDS BSB UD~
D. OV!BDBDB 0XlSL0 UD @IBD CBUOBl OB O!SCUS!CD BCD!CB BSB!CB
SDOIB Bl USD OBl BCBID y OB V!OI!D DI BIB OB . IUDBl, . UIDD
BXDD, BID DBO!B BIBCB DBOBI BIBC!BOD Bl S!@D!!CBOD CDDlBD
OB SUS BSIUCUIBS BD Bl CDDBXD OBl DBDC!Bl BIU!BCCD!CD OB lB
BDCB, BS OBC!I, CDDD B]BDlDS OB O!SBD OB SSBDeS.

1a IBZCD B

S OBS~
BDB BVIOBDB. N!BDIBS B BIU!BCUIB UIB OB ODCttDS OBl Sl@lD
O!SDDB OB UD DBBlBD@UB]B, B BSBI OB UDBS IBSIICC!DDBS Bl ID!e
lBD@UB]B UB OBSBBDBOBD lB !DDDVBC!CD, lB DUBVB [y BXBDOIOB) BIUI~
lBCUIB BD DD DBOB OBSBIIDlBOD UDD ID!D. IB DBDBIB OB BXDDBID
SBIB OBC!I UB DD BX!SB UDB BDIB OB lB DUBVB BlU!BCUIB."
UDB0IBS BlQUlBC0HlCBS
LD lU@BI OB UDB BDIB @BDBIBl, BXlSBD SUOBDIBS UB IBBOBD BCBBS
B!SBOBS OBl BDB. BDIBS OB DBBI!BBS, OB B S!DBIB, OBl CDDIDDtSD
y OB lB IBSDDSBO!l!OBO DUDBDDS, OBl BIBSBDBOD, BC., UB, S!D BDOBI@D,

[IDOBO!BHBDIB SBB ]USID OBCII UB) SB OBSBIID!!BIDD OB D!HB HBS D

HBDDS IDOBBDOIBDIB DBSIB lDB!BS OB! S!_!D X|X.
LDHD BS DBIUIB!, CBOB SUOIBD!B DHBDIBOB CIBIID I!D OB BO!!C!D
D C!B!IB BSBC!B OB OD_HB SDC!DB!U!IBCIDD!CD, CDHD, DI B]BH!D, B!
UIU!!SHD. cD CUB!U!BI CBSD, !B CUBSI!DD OB !DIBI0S !DHBO!BID BS UB
HUCDBS OB BSBS SUOIBDIBS SB DIBDIBOBD DBC!B DS SlSIBHBS BUDUB
SUI_!B!DD BDIBS OB !B !DVBDC!DD OB B B!BOIB BD UD SBDI!OD BHOI!DDB~
I!D yB BIBD IBDIBS C!OBID0I!CBS` y !BS !OBBS DCU!IBS OBI!BS OB B!!BS !B~
IBSBDIBD UDB VB!IDSB CDDIIIOUC!DD B! OBSB!ID!!D OB !B C!OBID0I!CB CDHD
CIBDC!B DIHB!.
UHCDDBlS0D BIUBCDCD 0UUBS0D
UD BO!IC!D BX!SIB I!DC!B!HBDIB BIB SBI!SBCB! C!BIIBS UDC!DDBS CDHD
D! B]BH!D, B!OBI_BI B SUS DCUBDIBS D IDVBBI!BS OB SBIV!C!DS. LD BS
SBDI!OD, UD BO!!CID UDC!DDB! CDDIIBSIB CDD UDD OBCDIBIIVD SB IIBIB
OB UDB BSI!UCIUIB BUSIB!B, OBSD]BOB OB BXCIBCBDC!BS. !D BHOBI_D, B!
CDDCBID OB UDC!DDB!!SHD UBOB SB! I!!HBDIB !B!DBOD BD UDB O!IBC~
CIDD DUHBD!SIB. LBS UDCIDDBS, OBSU0S OB IDOD, BSIBD B! SBIV!C!D OB !DS
SBIBS D !BS SDC!BOBOBS DUHBDDS, OB BD UB UD BO!!C!D DD UBOB VB!SB
S!H!BHBDIB OB DIHB B!S!BOB. D!D I!BDB S!_DICBOD CDHD UD BDID!DD
DUHBDD !DIB!BCIB BIHBDBDIBHBDIB CDD SUS DBO!IBDIBS, S!IV!0DOD!DS
DI UD !BOD y, DI DI!D, CDDIID!BDOD SU CDHDIIBHIBDID. !CDD OB DI!D
HDOD, !BS BSIIUCIUIBS CDOIBD SBDIIOD CDHD BIIBS OB S!SIBHBS HByD~
IBS UB !DC!UyBD CDHDDBDIBS DUHBDDS y B! BIU!IBCID SB !BDCUB OB
D!HB !!DI!IBI!B D! BSDS S!SIBHBS HByDIBS, 0SDS |y DD SD!D !B BIIB OB
!BOI!!!D y HDIIBID) SDD !D UB O!SBDBD !DS BIUIIBCIDS. PDOB!0 B BSIB
CDDCBID HUIUB!!SHD B!UIIBCIDD!CD` B!B OBI B BDIBDOBI !B IBC!IDCI~
OBO BDIIB BSIIUCIUIBS y DDHOIBS D SDC!BOBOBS.
UDB CDDSBCUBDC!B OB! UDC!DDB!!SHD y OB! HUIUB!!SHD BS B! 0DBSIS
BD !B Dl00 [HBS UB BD !B CDDSI!IUCIDD HBIBI!B!) OB !DS BO!!C!DS, !DS
HBIBI!B!BS y !DS H0IDODS BOU!BIBD IB!BVBDC!B OBSIBDIB HBS IBIOB BD B!
IDCBSD OB IDyBCID. IIB CDDSBCUBDC!B BS UB SB !BU!B!B UB !DS BI~
U!IBCIDS O!SBDBD BDI!OBOBS D/D00C0S HBS UB BSl0/C0S. L!BIBHBDIB,
1
!B BIIB DUHBDB OB\ S!SIBHB BS O!DBHlCB, BID IBHO!0D BS C!BIID |BUD~
UB HBDDS BV!OBDIB) UB !B BIIB BSIIUCIUIB! OBOB IBIBSBDIBISB CDHD
UD IB_U!BODI CDDI!DUD OB SUS DBO!IBDIBS DUHBDDS.
HD1SlCB BIUlBCDCB
UDB VBZ UB SB DB BCBIBOD UDB VBIS!DD IUOlHBDIBI!B OB lBS D!DIBSlS
UDC!DDB!BSHUIUB!!SIBS, !B !DIB_I!OBO OB IDOD SlSIBHB BS CUBSI!DDBOlB.
LB HByDI B!IB OB !DS S!SIBHBS DUHBDDSBSI!UCIUIB!BS SB OBSB BD DIIDS
S!SIBHBS CDD !DS UB SB BHBIBjB B IIBV0S OB SUS CDHDDBDIBS DUHB~
DDS. NBO!BDIB D!DIBS!S, SB !!B_B B CDD]UDIDS DI_BDlZBI!VDS UB DD UB~
OBD O!SBCC!DDBISB BD BIIBS S!D BIOBI SU S!_Dl!CBOD.
LSIB !OBB DD!SI!CB SB BXIBSB OB VBI!BS HBDBIBS.
B UD BO!!C!D !DIBIIBIBOD UDClDDB\HBDIB SD!D UBOB SBI Il! S! SB !D
CDDS!OBIB BD B! CDDIBXID OB UDB C!UOBO [DDIBSB UB !B ClUOBO IBH~
OI0D SB DIBIIBIB UDC!DDB!HBDIB, y OB BD UB SBB UDB BDI!OBO O!
DBH!CB).
O UDB BSIIUCIUIB [lDIBIIBIBOB UDC!DDB!HBDIB), OlBD SBB UD BO!!C!D D
UDB C!UOBO BDIBIB, SD!D UBOB CDDCBO!ISB CDD !BDD SBDIlOD S! SB lB
CDDSIOBIB BD Bl CDDIBXID OB SU BXIBDSIDD BD B! I!BHD BS OBClI, OB SU
CIBC!H!BDID y OBSB!ID\\D.
C UDB BSIIUCIUIB |!DIBIIBIBOB UDC!DDB\HBDIB) BX!SIB CDHD BIIB OB
UDB !DIBDC!DD BS OBC!I, CDHD IDOUCID OB UD !BD.
O ! |OD_HB BSUH!OD) B! DD0OIB OBOB SBI CDDSClBDIB OB SU BDIDIDD
DBIUIB!, BDIDDCBS lDS BO!!ClDS OBOBD CDDCDIOBI, D O!BD SU!_!I, OB!
BDIDIDD [IBS!S DI_BD!CB OB IBDK LlDyO W!!_DI).
LDHD CDID\BI!D OB \DS UDIDS B, O y C IBSU\IB UB !B BSIIUCIUIB OB UDB
C!UOBO DD BS IBD SD!D B\ CBBIBZDD OB !B SDCIBOBO B! CDDIIBIlD, !B BSIIUC~
IUIB BCIB CDHD UD ID_IBHB S!HOD!lCD OB CDDIID! Bl H!SHD D!VBl UB
!BS IBSII!CClDDBS !lIUB!BS UB SB SBOB UB IB_U!BD B\ CDHDIIBHlBDID OB
VBI!BS IIIOUS y UB IDOUCBD UD CDHDIIBH!BDID HBS DDHBDSIBI!CD UB
O!VBI_BDIB. B BD UB B! BIU!IBCID SBB IBSDDSBO!B OB !BS CDDVBDClD
1
DBS OB lDS BOIlClDS y lB CDDl@UIBClDD OBl OBSBI!DD OB IBOIClDDBS (BSB
CDDBDBIlD SIDlBDBDB IBUBIZB tB lOBB OB UB UD BOllClD CDD!DlB B
SUS DBDlBDBS B UD DIVB Dl@BDl2BlVD).
OBBS BVDlUCDDlS8S BD l8 BIUBCUf8
LDS SISBDBS

SDDIB DOD lBS ClUOBOBS, CIBCBD, SB OBSBIIDlBD y, DI lD @B~
DB!Bl, BVDlUCIDDBD. LSB CDDCBD BSS ClBIBDBDB SUjBD B lB DlDBSIS
DClDDBlISB/DUUBlISB |SlD lB CUB BS OICI VBI BD UB SBDIOD Bt !DlD
SlSBO0 VB!OBOBlBDBDB CIBCB}, BUDUB BSB OBBDOBDClB CDD IBCUBDClB
SB SUDBSlDB. UDB CDDSBCUBDCIB ISClCB lDDBOlBB OBl UDD OB VISB
BVDlUClDDlSB BS UB, BIB UB SU C!BClDlBDD SBB SBlUOBDlB y DD CBDCB
IDSD, lDS IDyBCDS BIUlBCDDlCDS OBDBD lDCDlDIBI DDIDBS BIB lB BVD~
lUClDD. LD DIBS BBDlBS, UD BIUlBCD IBSDDSBDlB OBDB IBDCUB!SB
DI lBS lDlBOBOBS BVDlUlVBS, DD UBOB OB! UD BSD BISS CDDD UD DBID
DDSBIVBOD!, CDDD SI B BVDlUClDD UBIB B@D UB SlDBDBDB lBS DCUI!B B
SUS BOIlClDS. LB BSIS BVDlUClDDlSB BSS DlDBDBDB VlDCUlBOB B lB DD~
lSICB, lD B!D BS UDB VBIS!DD CUlOBODSBDBDB BSBCIBllZBOB OB Bl
CDDD SB DDB OB DBDlIBSD BD lB DDIB OB lDS BIUlBCDS jBDDBSBS.
LDDIDDS SlDD0lCDS BD lB BIUBCUf8
NUCDBS BClVlOBOBS DUDBDBS lBDBD UD CBISCBI SIDDDllCD. l UlIZBI
SIDDDtDS VlSUBlBS, VB!DBlBS D SCIlBS, Bl hDDDIB OIBlD@B CDD SU BDDI~
DD, UB CDDIBDOB B D!DS DDDDIBS, SISBDBS OB lDDIDBClDD =CDDD
DlDllDBCBS, DIOBDBODIBS U DDIBS OB BIBy, BDDIBD, DBUIBlDBDB lDS
BOllCIDS UB lB IDOBBD.
:
lBDIB SB DB ClBSlICBOD B DS BOllCIDS CDDD DDIBS OB BIB. B SUDBD~
IB DDVBODSB BS UB lDS BOllClDS UBOBD IDyBC0ISB (B IDUlISB) CDD Bl lD
OB DDVB! UD OlSD@D !DOUClVD y BCBDB!D. LSB DIDB OB BDSB! SB
DBDttBSB CDD DByD! ClBIlOBO BD CDDBXlDD CDD lBS DIDBS OB BIIB lIBIB!lD
SDDIB DOD CDD Bl SUIIBBllSDD, DBSBOD BD UDB yUXBDSlClDD OB BSDUlD
llDBlBODIBS SUIBDD!DBlBS (UB BVDCBD IBSUBSBS BDDlVBS lDBIDBS)

BD Bl SBDD OB UDB DBIlZ BDSlCB. UD DlVBl BIUlBCDDlCD, BSB lD OB

OlSBDD BBIBCB BD Bl SUIIBBllSDD VB@BBl OB BIIB OBl 0I DUVB0U, BID
BCBDZB SU DBOUIBZ BD lB DD!B OB DDDl BUO, BSBClBlDBDB BD Bl BIK
Bll, UB, B DlVBl SlDDDllCD, BS UDB OB |BS BSIUCUIBS DSS ClDBIDBlCS
UB BXlSBD. DBOlOB UB SB IBCDIIB BSB lBZB, SB IDOUCBD OBClBIBC!D~
DBS BD BIDlDDS llDBIBODIBS, lB BXlDIBClDD SB VB @UBOB DI UDB IBIDB~
llDBDBClDD BSBClBlDBDB BIllClDSB y SB lDIDOUCB lB VBIlBOBO BCDI
SDIIBSB) BD UDDS BIDlBODS BIB lDVlBI B SB@UlI BXlDIBDOD.
LS lDBIBSBDB UB lB DD!B OB BUO SB DByB CDO0I0DD B DBDUOD
CDD Bl UDClDDBlSDD. BSOB Bl UDD OB VlSB SlSBDlCD, BS UDClDDBllS~
DD UID y SlDlB, BUDUB BSB OlIl@lOD SDD B SBlSBCBI lBS DBCBSlOBOBS
SlDDDllCBS B lDD!DBlVBS OBl DDDDIB."
LB DBUlDBI8 OB l8 IDOUCC0D 8IUlBC0DC8
l l@UBl UB UD BOllClD, lDBIIBBOD OBSOB Bl UDD O

VlB UDClDBl,
CDDSIUyB UD SlSBDB, BDDlBD lB CD0SIfUCCID0 OBl BOttCtD BS UD SIS~
O0. LBS DUBVBS BCDlCBS OBSBIIDllBOBS OUIBDB Bl Sl@lD y lB DBCBD!~
ZBClDD @BDBIBllZBOB OB lDS CBDIDS OB IDOUCClDD CDDOU[D B SUDBDIBS
IBDCUBOBS DI lB @BDBSlS OB DIDBS (lBS DSS lDDIBDBS CBDIBOBS
BlIBOBODI OB lB BUDBUS) y BSBS, B SU VBZ, IBSIlD@BD lBS DIDBS SUS~
CBlDlBS OB IDOUClISB
8Dll8C0D OBl BDC8I@D
LDDD !BSUlBOD OBl OBSBIIDllD OB BSBS SUDBDIBS BSBDClBlDBDB ClDBI~
DBlCBS, DUCDDS BIUlBCDS QUlSBlD0 OlSBDBI SlSBDBS BID, BD @BDB~
IBl, SB BSBl0D0 OB BllDS UB OlSBDBIBD BOllClDS. LD @IBD DBOlOB, BSD D~
OBVB |DBSBDB IBZDDBDlBDBDB) BS BS. B DOBS DIDBS, Bl BDCBI@D UB
SB DBCB B lDS BIUlBCDS SB DB BXBDOlOD OUIBDB lBS ullDBS OBCBOBS

LD BIB, BllD SB OBDB B UD BlUVlDD OB IDDlBDBS BIB lDS UB DD BX!S~
lBD SDlUClDDBS CDDVBDClDDBlBS (BSIUCUIBS UB lBDBD UB VBI CDD OB~
SBIIDllDS BBIDBSBClBlBS, lB lDOUSIlB, lB lDVBSl@BCl0D, Bl BSBCSCUlD, Bl

USD OB lDS DCBBDDS, B\C.), y IBD\B B lDS UB B BlU!\BC\D, BD @IBD DBO!OB, SB

BDCUBD\IB BD lB D!SDB DSIC!DD UB SU lBOBCBSDI V!C\DI!BDD, B U!BD SB lB
BOlB UB CDDS\IUyBIB UDB BS\BC!DD OB BIIDCBlI!l. !D BDOBI@D, BD C!BI~
\D SBD\!OD, lBS IBS\I!CC!DDBS SB DBD IBlB]BOD OBO!OD B UB Bl BDSBDIBD~
\D DI!BD\BOD Bl S!S\BDB BS \BDO!BD DBS DBO!\UBl BD\IB lDS Cl!BD\BS y lDS
B\IDC!DBODIBS Ol!CDS. MDy BD OlB, IBSUl\B lB@l\!DD !D!C!BI Bl IDCBSD
OB IDyBC\D DUCDD BD\BS, IDClUSD BD Bl CBSD OB UD IDyBC\D CDDVBDC!D~
HBl. Dl B]BDlD, BS OBS\BD\B CDII!BD\B IDyBC\BI [D B DBDDS lBD!!CBI)
lBS CIUOBOBS CDDD UD \DOD, CCD IBV!S!DD OB SU BVDlUC!DD. UDB UD!VBI~
SIOBO HD OBCBSl0 CDDCBO!ISB CDDD UD CDD]UD\D OB BO!!C!DS BlIBOBODI
OB UD B\!D, CDD IBS!OBDC!BS y UD BUlB DB@DB. LD OB\BlDIDBOBS C!ICUDS~
\BDClBS, Bl S!S\BDB BOUCB\!VD 00l|0 OIS\I!OU!ISB BSBClBlDBD\B BD lU@BI
OB BS\BI lDCB!ZBOD. LD CUBlU!BI CBSD, SB DB BD!DBOD B lDS BIU!\BC\DS
B UB BD\!C!BIBD \BDOBDC!BS \BlBS CDDD Bl OBSBIlDllD OB lB \BCDDlD@lB
BOUCB\!VB y B UB IBV!BIBD SU IDBC\D BD CUBlU!BI BOI!C!D UB lBVBD~
\BOBD. LB BSB DDOD, OBS\BD\B B DBDUOD Bl BIU!\BC\D BBIBCB BD BSCBDB
CUBDOD SB CDD\BDlB UD S!S\BDB BOUCB\!VD OB DByDl BD\!OBO, llBDBSBlB
D DD UD!VBIS!OBO Ll lDyBC\D OBl UD BBCB, OB JDBD L!\\lBWDDO y LB~
OI!C IICB, SUUSD UDB BIDX!DBC!DD \BDIBDB B BS\B \!D OB CUBS\!DDBS
BD Bl \BIIBDD OBl BD\lB\BDID!BD\D, y HD IBSUl\B O!lC!l BDCDD\IBI B]BDlDS
BD D\lDS CBDDS UB BOBICBD OBSOB Bl OISBDD OB BXDS!C!DDBS DBS\B lB
CDDS\IUCC!DD OB BOlICBS.
LD UB IB\BDOD SBHBlBl BS UB BC\UBlDBD\B BX!S\B UDB 06R0D00 OB
BDSBD!BD\D DI!BD\BOD DBCIB lDS S!S\BDBS, DIBD\lBS UB BD Bl BSBOD
SDlD DBOlB UD 0BSBD DBS D DBDDS BSD\BI!CD. LD IBSUBS\B B BS\B OBDBD~
OB, VBlB lB BDB IBCD!lBI lBS SUO\BDllBS B!SlBOBS B !D\BD\BI UDB @BDBIB~
l!ZBC!DD B BIT!I OB SUS l!DC!!DS CDDUDBS. LDDD yB SB DB BXl!CBOD, lDS
I!DC!!DS CDDUDBS SDD lBS DDC!DDBS OB CDD\IDl, CDDUD!CBC!DD y S!S\BDB,
OB BDl UB OB lB @BDBIBl!ZBC!DD lBSUl\B D! DBS D! DBDDS UB UDB C!OBIDB\!~
CB BOS\lBC\B, ID\BIIB\BOB CDDD UDB \BDIlB BIU!\BC\DD!CB @BDBIBl.
BIlB IBDB\UID SU@BI!I UB lB !D\BIIB\BC!DD y lB CDDSD!OBC!DD DB~
CBSBI!BS BS\BD CDDlB\BS, BID C!BI\BS BISDDBS DBD SBD\BOD yB OBSBS
VBIDSD!lBS DI C!\BI SDlD B BUBllDS CDD U!BDBS DB \BD!OD UD CDD\BC\D
BISDDBl` LDI!S\DDBI PlBXBDOBI, NCDDlBS NB@IDDD\B, DUCDDS BS\U~
OlBD\BS y BX BlUDDDS OB lB BSCUBlB OB BIU!\BC\UIB OB lB PICDI\BC\UIBl
PSSDC!B\!DD y OB NBWCBS\lB.

cS\8IUS OB 8 DUBV8 I00I8

Pl !@UBl UB DCUIIB CDD lB BIU!\BC\UIB UIB OBl S!@lD lB C!OBIDB\!CB
IDDICIDDB UD DB\BlBD@UB]B BIB lB O!SCUS!DD CIl\!CB. !D BDOBI@D, lB
\BDIlB C!OBIDB\!CB BS DBS UB UDB BDl!BC!DD OB lB BIU!\BC\UIB `UIB
LDDD DBDDS SBDBlBOD BD\BI!DIDBD\B, lB BIUl\BC\UIB UIB BIB OBSCI!~
\!VB |UDB \BXDDDDlB OB BO!!C!DS y DB\DODS) y IBSCIl\!VB |CDDD BD lB
IBBIBC!DD OB lBHDS), BID RBClB O!BD DCD DI IBOBC!I D BXl!CBI. LB
\BDllB CIOBIDB\!CB, BD CBDO!D, \!BDB UDB CDDS!OBIBOlB CBBC!OBO BIB
IBBl!2BI lBO!CC!DDBS. DI B]BDlD, B\ OBSBIIDllD UIOBDD UBOB DDOBlBI~
SB CDDD UD S!S\BDB BU\DDI@BD!ZB\!VD [UDB B!IDBC!DD DIDBl OB `lOBBS
BVDlUC!DD!S\BS BD BIU!\BC\UIB) y BS DS!OlB IBOBC!I BD BSDS \BID!DDS
DBS\B UB llD!\B SBIB CBD\!CD U DIOBDBOD Bl CIBC!D!BD\D OB UDB C!UOBO.
|DClUSD SI lDS OB\DS DBCBSBI!DS BIB lB IBO!CClDD DD BS\UVlBIBD O!SD~
D!OlBS, Bl DBDDS DOIlBDDS lBD\BBI y CDDIDOBI D!D\BS!S IBC!DDBlBS.
IBC\ICBDBD\B UBOB OBC!ISB lD D!SDD OB lDS CBSDS BD lDS UB Bl \!BDD
DD lBSUl\B I!DI!\BI\D, CDDD, DI B]BDlD, CUBDOD SB TIB\B OB IBOBC!I lB
hlUBDC!B OB lBS IBS\IlCC!DDBS BSBC!BlBS y DDIDB\!VBS SDOIB lB BS\BO!l!~
OBO OB UD BO!!C!D [!D\BIIB\BOD OBSOB Bl UD\D OB V!S\B UDC!DDBl).
LB \BDIB C!OBIDB\!CB \BDO!BD UBOB DIBCBI Bl@UDB Bl!CBC!DD BXl!~
CB\!VB, UBS BS DS!OlB !D!\BI C!BI\DS BSBC\DS OBl IDyBC\D BIU!\BC\D~
H!CD DBO!BD\B ID@IBDBS !DDIDB\!CDS OB !D\Bl!@BDC!B BI\!!ClBl [S!BDIB
UB Bl lD@IBDB UBOB, BD fBlBC!DD B BSDS BSBC\DS, BIBDOBI SDD/B y 06
lDS BIU!\BC\DS DBO!BD\B lB BXBI\DBD\BC!DD OB SU lBD@UB]B BS OBClI,
BXlDIBDOD lBD\BS, BSBC!!CBC!DDBS DB\BI!BlBS, VBIS!DDBS CDDOBDSB~
OBS OB lDS CDDBD\BI!DS OBl Cl!BD\B, B\C.)." !D OUOB, OlCDDS ID@IBDBS
SDD VBllDSDS DI ID!D OBIBCDD y CDDS\l\UyBD UDB ByUOB D\BDC!Bl Bl
IDyBC\D, UBS BC\BD CDDD BX\BDSlDDBS D\Bll@BD\BS OB lDS ID@IBDBS
|S\IUDBD\BlBS DBDC!DDBODS Bl llDC!!D OB BS\B BI\CUlD. BS DBS, DIB~
CBD UDB DIDB OB !D\B@IBI Bl S!S\BDB CDDS\IUC\!VD [lB `DBU\DBIlB OB
lDOUCC!DD) CDD Bl IDCBSD OB O!SBDD BD DBICDB, UBS IBSUl\B OBS\BD\B
BC!l !DCDIDIBI lBS IBS\I!CC!DDBS OB lB \BCDDlD@lB BC\UBl BD UDB BI\B
BSBC!Bl OB lB S!DUlBC!DD. B \DOBS DIDBS, yD CIBD UB BS\DS ID@IBDBS
SDD OB DUCDB DBS !DDI\BDClB BIB BVlOBDClBI Bl CDDDClD!BD\D \BDIlCD
OB BUBllD UB \IB\B lB BIUI\BC\UIB. LD lB DBO!OB BD UB UBOB OBSCI!~
O!ISB Bl ID@IBDB, lB \BDllB ClOBIDB\!CB BS BXl!CB\!VB.

LSBCUl8CDDBS
BIBCB UB VBD B lDOUCllSB BVBDCBS IBlODS BD Bl HBDDS ClDCD BlBBS
@UlBOBS DI IB \BDIB ClOBID0\lCB OB lB BIUl\BC\UIB.
1. B OBSBIIDllBlBD VBllDS IDCBSDS OB OlSBDD BSlS\lOD DI DlOBDBODl |B
lDCIUSD OlIl@lODS DI Bl DlOBDBODI) BIB CDDVBl\llSB BD lDS\IUHBD\DS
\lIBS
Z. B UDllCBIBD CDDCB\DS OB VBIlBS OlSClllDBS |SDOIB \DOD OB IB BD~
\lDD!D@B SDClBl, IB SlCDlD@B, lB SDClDID@B, lB BCDID@B y lB BCDDD~
HB) CDD CDDCB\DS BIUl\BC\DlCDS BIB Dl]Bl UDB VlSID BOBCUB~
OBHBD\B BHllB OB BD\lOBOBS \B!BS CDHD `ClVlllZBClD, `ClUOBO` D
`SlS\BH8 BOUCB\lVD`
. B IDOUClIB UDB DlHUlBClD SlS\BHB\lCB y II@UIDSB OB lB DlHB BD
UB lB BlUl\BC\UIB BC\B CDHD CDD\ID\ SDClBl |BS OBClI, UB SB BlB~
ODlBIB Bl @BlHBD OB UDB lOBB, OBDDHlDBOB OB]D Bl \0lHlDD `DDlS\l~
CB`).
4. Ll UD\D Bl@lOD OBl UDClDDB\lSHD BS Bl CDDCB\D OB CBSB CDHD `HB~
UlDB BlB VlVlI` lD BHOBI@D, lB \BDOBDClB SB OlIl@B DBClB UDB HB~
UlDB UB UDCIDDB CDHD lDS\lUHBD\D Bl SBIVlClD OBl D8Ol\BD\B, UDB
DDClD UB SB VBlB IBlDBOB, CIBD, 0BClB Bl CDDCB\D OB UD BD\DIDD
C0D Bl UB Bl 08OI\BD\B CDDBlB y 9D Bl UB UBOB BX\BIDBllZBI SUS
IDCBSDS HBD\BIBS, BS OBClI, UB SB BDB\lZBlB Bl HU\UBIlSHD lBS~
BC\D Bl UDClDDBIlSHD. DI B]BHlD, lB HBUlDB BIB VlVll llOBIBIB Bl
0BOl\BD\B OB IB DBCBSlOBO OB BCUHUlBI lDDIHBClD BD SU HBHDIlB
y OB B]BCU\Bl CBlCUIDS, y IB ByUOBIB BD 8l@UDBS OB lBS \BIBBS HBS
DOVlBS, CDHD lB @BS\lD OB lBSlOUDS y Bl lBVBOD OB lB\DS, BS HBS,
IBS\BIB B\BDCID Bl DBOl\BD\B y IBSDDOBlB 8 SUS OBHBDOBS
. PD\DDl BUO |D\BDClDDBOBHBD\B D DD) lD@I UD OlB\D@D BD\IB Bl BD~
\DIDD y SUS DBOl\8D\BS y ID 0lZD HBOlBD\B BS\IUC\UIBS SICBHBD\B
BS\B\lCBS |lDS IDCBSDS OlDBHlCDS OBBDOlBD\BS OB lDS HDVlHlBD~
\DS OB lBS BISDD8S BD BI CBHOlD OB lDS DOjB\DS OB SU 8\BDCID). cl
OlBlD@D UBOB IBlDBISB y BHll8lSB CDD lB ByUOB OB \0CDlCBS HD~
OBIDBS UB DDS BIHl\BD BD\lB\B]BI IDS HlSHDS B\lDDBS BD lD UB
SB lB!BlB B UD BD\DlDD IBBC\lVD. l, BOBHBS, Bl BD\DIDD BS HBlBBOlB

y BOB\B\IVD, lDS IBSUl\BODS UBOBD SBI VBIOBOBIBHD\B

0\BD\BS.
Y0 HlSHD DB BXBllHBD\BOD Bl@UDBS OB BS\BS CUBS\IDDBS, BID Bl
\IBOB]D OB WBIIBD N. IDOBy y SU @IUD BD Bl \BODIB\DIlD OB BCDlD@B
BHOlBD\Bl BS UD IDyBC\D B UDB BSCBlB HUCDD HBS lHDDBD\B. LDHD
OBSCIlClD @BDBIBl OB lD UB BS\B DCUIIlBDOD, UD DOBDBODI CDD\ID~
IB lBS IDlBOBOBS VlSUBlBS y \BC\llBS OB lDS HB\BOBlBS OBl BD\DIDD
[UB BS\BD OlSDDlOlBS BD SUlClBD\B OlVBSlOBO BllB HByDIB OB
lDS DO]B\lVDS BlUl\BC\DlCDS) LSDS HB\BOBlBS CDD\IBBD SBDSDIBS,
\BC\lIBS 0 VlSUBlBS SB@D Bl CBSD, UB OBVUBlVBD HBDSBjBS Bl DIOBDB~
ODI CDD OlS\lD\DS DlVBlBS OB IBClSlD. cD BUSBDClB OB UD DBOl\BD\B
DUHBDD, \B IB\IDBllHBD\BClD llBVB B UDB BS\BOll\ZBClD OB BCUBIOD
CDD ClBI\BS lDVBIlBD\BS IBID@IBH8OBS |DI B]BHlD, UB Bl VDlU~
HBD OB UD HB\BllBl OBOB HBD\BDBI lB BS\BOlllOBO HBCBDlCB DCUBI
UD VBlDl IBSCIl\D) y @BDBIB IDCBSDS BD lDS UB Bl HB\BIlB\ OUSCB
BC\lVBHBD\B Sl@DDS OB CDD\BC\D DUHBDD CDD 0l. l DBy UD DUHBDD
BD Bl BD\DIDD, Bl DIOBDBODI, Bl HB\BIlBl y \DOD Bl CDD]UD\D SB DDBD B
OlBlD@BI CDD 0l y, CDD lHl\BS OBS\BD\B DDl@BODS, BS CBBZ OB BIBD~
OBI OB 0l y BOB\BISB 8 SU B\ID OB CDHDI\BHIBD\D B BS\B HDOD
SB IDOUCB UDB OllBCClD OB UDClDDBHlBD\D BD UB B

l BD\DIDD IBBC~
\lVD BS Bl C0DI00C0I y D\IB OlIBCClD BD UB lDS DBOI\BD\BS C0DI0
0D SU BD\DIDD.
UD 8I8O@H8 SBDClllD OB OSBDD CDBID0\CD
LD Bl CDD\BX\D OB UD BD\DIDD IBBC\lVD y BOB\BOlB, Bl OlSBDD BIUl\BC\~
DlCD SB IDOUCB BD VBIlDS DlVBlBS lD\BIOBBDOlBD\BS.

cSBCl\lCBClD OB\ IDSl\D U DO]B\lVD OBl SlS\BHB |BD IBl8ClD

lDS DBOl\BD\BS DUHBDDS) BOB DBCBISB DlDCBl0 BD UB Bl DOjB\!~
VD UBDB, y C8Sl SlBHIB 9S0I, lDI8BSBCllCBOD BS OBClI, UB Bl
BIUl\BC\D DD S8OIB HBS OBl IDSl\D OBl SlSBHB OB lD UB

SBOB
l90H9DI9 OBl IDSl\D OB UDB CBSB CDDVBDCIDDBl. U DO[B\IVD BS
IDDIClDDBI UD CDD]UD\D OB IBS\IlCClDDBS UB BIHl\BD ClBIIDS HD~
ODS OB BVDlUClD SUUBS\BHBD\B OBSB8OlBS.
Z
!!. LlBCC!DD OB lDS HB\BI!BlBS BHD!BD\BlBS DBS!CDS.
l!l. BlBCC!DD OB lBS !DVBI!BD\BS UB \!BDBD UB ID_IBHBISB BD Bl S!S
\BHB. LD BI\B BD BS\B BSB, y BD BI\B BD lB BD\BIlDI !I, Bl BIU!\BC~
\D OB\BIH!DB U IDlBOBOBS SBIBD IBlBVBD\BS BD B! OIBlD_D BD\IB
DDHDIB y BD\DIDD.
!V. LSBC!!CBC!DD OB lD UB BIBDOBIB Bl BD\DIDD y CDHD SB BOB\BIB.
V. LlBCC!DD OB UD lBD OB BOB\BC!DD y OBSBIIDllD. LD CBSD OB UB Bl DD~
]B\!VD OBl S!S\BHB BS\ !DIBBSBCllCBOD [CDHD BD Bl UD\D !), Bl lBD
CDDS!S\!IB I!DClBlHBD\B BD I!DC!!DS BVD!U\lVDS.
DI SUUBS\D, BS\B BIBO!_HB SB B!ICB B S!S\BHBS UB SB BOB\BD BD
lD\BIVBlDS OB \!BHD HBS D!BD CDI\DS [H!DU\DS U DDIBS). LD CDHBIB~
C!DD, lB BOB\BC!DD BD UD IDyBC\D CDHD Bl S!S\BHB OBl UD BlBCB SB
IBBl!ZD BD lD\BIVBlDS OB \!BHD HUCDD HByDIBS [DI B]BHlD, DIHBDBD
BI\B OB lB IDUBS\B UD ClClD OB DCDD RDIBS y D\ID SBHBDBl). BBD~
O!BDOD OB lBS IBS\I!CC!DDBS OB \IBHD y OBl _IBOD OB lBX!D!l!OBO IBUB~
I!OD, BS HBS D HBDDS CDDVBDlBD\B Bl USD OB UD DIOBDBODI [DI B]BHlD,
Bl CIClD SBHBDBl SB ID_IBHB OB DIHB HBS BCDDDH!CB CDD UD IDCBSD
OB D!ClDB CDDVBDC!DDBl lBXlDlB), DD DDS\BD\B, SB SUDDBD BXBC\BHBD\B
lDS H!SHDS I!DC!!DS.
LB lBD!!CBC!DD UIDBDB SB BX\lBDOB B HBDUOD B BIDODS OB BDDS D
OCBOBS y, \Bl CDHD SB CDDC!DB BD lB BC\UBl!OBO, Bl BD BS UDB BSBC!~
!CBC!DD DBS\BD\B IDlBXlDlB. !D BHDBI_D, lB !OBB UB SB BCBDB OB lBD~
\BBI SU_!BIB UB BS\B !DlBX!D!l!OBO DD BS DBCBSBI!B y UB, U!ZB VBD\B~
_DSBHBD\B, DOIB OB\BIH!DBISB Bl OBSBIIDl!D UIDBDD HBO!BD\B UD ID~
CBSD CDHD B! OBl OlBD_D CDD Bl BD\DIDD IBBC\!VD [CDD\BC\D S!CD CDD lDS
DBD!\BD\BS UB O lU_BI B UDB \DHB OB CDDC!BDC!B OB SUS IBBIBDC!BS
IBO!lBCClDDBS Bl lBD !DlBX!DlB BIB lB HBU!DB OB CBlCUlD HBOlD~
BHD!BD\Bl). B SBI BS, SB BllCBIB Bl H!SHD BIBO!_HB OB O!SBDD, UBS
BD \DODS !DS CBSDS CDDS!OBIBODS DBS\B BDDIB lBS OBC!SlDDBS \IBDBD UD
CBIBC\BI S!S\H!CD, BS OBC!I, UB SB O!I!_BD DBClB lB OBl!DBBC!DD D lB HD~
O!!CBCIDD OB UD ID_IBHB OB CDD\IDl. LS\B UDlVBISBl!OBO BS \!CB OB lB
BIDX!HBC!DD C!DBID\!CB.
UDB HBD!DDIB !DBl DDS !DO!CBIB UDB \BDIB C!DBID\!CB OBl HDHBD~
\D. VDlVBHDS Bl BIBO!_HB OBl OlSBDD SDDIB S H!SHD, Bl!UHDSlD B
Z
B !D\BIBCC!DD BD\IB Bl O!SBDBODI y Bl S!S\BHB UB O!SBB BD lU_BI OB B
lB !D\BIBCCIDD BD\IB Bl SlS\BHB y lB _BD\B UB lD DBDl\B. Ll _UBH\B BDCB~
]B CBS! BIBC\BHBD\B CUBDOD B\ O!SBDBODI U\!l!ZB UH DIOBDBODI CDHD
BSIS\BD\B. LD D\IBS BlBDIBS, SB CDDSBIVB B IBlBC!DD CDD\IDlBODIBD\!
OBO CDD\IDlBOB S! SUS\l\U!HDS BS\BS BlBDIBS _BDI\CBS D!BD DI `O!~
SBDBODIS!S\BHB O!SBDBOD`, DI `BD\DIDD S!S\H!CDDBD!\BH\BS D DI
`lBD UIDBDDC!UOBO. !D BHDBI_D, DD\BSB Bl \IUCD OB UB B O!SBDBODI
CDD\tDlB lB CDDS\IUCCDD OB lDS S!S\BHBS OB CDD\IDl y, BD CDDSBCUBHC!B,
Bl O!SBDD BS CDD\ID\ OB CDD\IDl, BS OBClI, UB Bl O!SBDBODI DBCB IBC\!CB~
HBD\B Bl H!SHD \IBDB]D UB SU S!S\BHB, BID DBIB B UD D!VBl HBS Bl\D
BD \B ]BIBIUB DI_BD!ZB\!VB.
LS HBS, Bl DD[B\!VD OBl O!SBDD CBSI SBHIB BBIBCB IDIBBSBC!!CBOD
y B `CDD\IDlBODI ` yB DD BS Bl BBIB\D BU\DI!\BI!D CUyD DDHDIB UIBHBD~
\B \CD!CD DDS \IBB B lB HBD\B. Pl CDD\IBIID, B\ CDD\IDlBODI SB \IBDSDIHB
BD UDB BCUl!BI HBZClB OB CB\Bl!ZBODI, BDyD, HBHDI!B y BID!\ID. LS\BS
SDD, CIBD, lBS O!SDS!C!DDBS UB OBDB llBVBI UD O!SBDBODI B SU \IBDB]D
[CUBDOD ]UB_B Bl BBl IDBS!DDBl OB CDD\IDBODI) y lBS UB OBDB !H\ID~
OUC!I BD lDS S!S\BHBS [OB CDD\IDl) UB O!SBDB.'"
' L000Rf0S 0Uy S0lf0S S0D CD0S D@0D0f, U0S 0S D@0D0f0S, C000 0S
ufqU0C0S, I0SCfD0D ft0C0S. 0@UI00R0, 0D0D @UD0S D@0D0f0S RC0D U

S0 00
UD 00I CD0fD0C. D 00Df@0, 0 f0U0fl00D0 D0 0S D UDCU0 0D SU C00,1l 0~
0C0 0S D @fD00 0 0C0 00 CD0fD0C

U0S 0

0S00 0

CR0 D0S 00
H
U0 0S C0D~
C0S CD0ID0C0S f0C0ID C000 U0C0S mD0vCI0D0S 0XlSt0 UD 0DC00l

D0 CU0I0
dB 00I 00 D@0D0f, UD 00I U0 0S 0XCV y f00ClV. LS 08S, 0I0DfS U0
l0S SS00S 00 0S0D0 00 000S 0S fU0C0S lD0fCD 0Sf0CR00D0 C0D l0S S0f0S
UHR0S y S S0C0000S, 0y0f I0 00 0S D@0D0f0S \C0D 0DvS

XC0Cl0D0SI D0 S0
VO 0fZ00S DC0fl0. D0fCCI0D RU0D 0S UD @fD U0D0 00 0llCUl00S U0 S0l0
U000D SU0ffS0 000lD0 0 0DS00D0 CD0fD0C0.
'1 0l0CC0D 00 UD 0f@0D DS0flC0 f0SU l@0 IDff y 000D00 00l RDC0 D0CD0 0f
oIBU0f. 0f 0[000, LDIS0R0I Pl0XD00f, f00CU00

0I l 0@C 0

0 l 0f

, f000D
0 C0DC00S CD0fD0C0S 0S0DC00D0 Lf0 L000U y NfC~PD0m0 LU@l0f. LD 0S0
m\CUl0 00 DU0 S0@Uf 0 00Sff0l0 I@08C0 00 S 00S CD0fD0lCS y V0f C000
Sf0C0D 0D l RS0I 00 fU0CUf 0000ID.
Z1
0 CBD C0S 0S C0 0XC0C0D IH0IBD0S.
I P!U0C0S C0 @0Dl0 C0D UDB BHlIUC C0 HIlBS U0 l0S lHUlSB B V0! lBS C0SBS C0
UD H0C0 SlS0HC0 0 D0lCSCllDBl. LS0 I0 C0 BlU0C0S DB 0XSC0 0D 0CBS lBS
00CBS, C0H0, 0! 0[0H0, LDllS0D0l Wl0D y U0DD 0BD0.
]l) PlU0C0S C0H0 J0DD WBSD, CUy0 B0D0 S0 B0yB 0D lB C0DC0Cl0D C0l C0SBll0l0
U!DBD0 C0H0 UD 0C0 uDC0DB y 0S0lC0. lD 0HDB!@0, 0D 0l C0D0X0 C0 lIDCl0S
C0l Sl@0 X|X, 0S0 0 C0 0!S0DB]0S S0D !0DBD0H0D0 H8S 0!@BDZBC0!0S C0D UDB
VlSl0D` U0 `B!U0C!0S`.
LD B!!0 D0 0SC0@lC0 0S0S 0[0H0S 0lU0 S0D D0D C0D0ClC0S, U0S BB!0C0D 0D 0S
llD!0S C0 0X0 0l0, S0Dl0 0C0, 0!u0 H0 H!0S0DBD SUS CUBllCBC0S SIS0HlCBS y C0H0
0Xl0SBD BS |D0DC0D0S C0 !0y0C!SB DBClB 0 0CUBD0. 0S C0 00S 0CBVlB 0S8D 0D l0,
0!0 U0!0 !0C0!CBl ]USBH0D0 0 LIySB BBC0 U0, BUDU0 S0B UDB 0DCB!DBCI0D C0 HBl
@US0, l0SUlB UDB 0S!UCU!B D0BD0. L0H0 U0 uD0 C0 l0S !H0l0S 0[0H0S C0 0CIC0S
!0BD!ICBC0S. BHD0D S0 C0D0 0D0! 0D CU0DB C0H0 UDB I02B C0 CS00 C0 SlS0HBS B
DIV0l D@0D0!ll.
L BUS0DClB C0 UD H0B0D@UB]0 BC0CUBC0 D0 0!B 0 DlC0 BC0l. 0H0 S0DBlB 0 !00S0!
NK0lBUS 0VSD0!, 0S D@0D0l0S y l0S BlISBS 0lS@U0D CBHD0S C0 C0SBll0l0 ClV0l@0D0S
U0 S0 0DC0D!BDBD H8S 0 H0D0S 0D C0DlC0 0Dl0 S y 0S0 D0CD0 0XllCBDB Bl H0D0S Bl@0
C0 lB IC0SlDC!BSlB B!U0C0DlCB. D 0HDBl@0, Sl 0U0/0l0 0XlSC0 UD H0B0D@UB[0, 0D0D
C0S B SD0SlS C0 S@l0 X 0ClB DBD0lS0 l0@lBC0 HUCD0 BD0S.
LD 0I0S S0DC0S, S0llB ClB!BH0D0 UD IDC0lC0 VVll 0D 0lB.
` L HBC0 C0 B ClD0!D0CB 0D lB B!Ul0CUlB 0S C0DSC0lBDl0 [USBH0D0 0!U0 lB 00!B
l0D0 HUCD0 H8S 0C0! !0ClCV0 C0l U0 UV0 lB BlU0CUlB UlB. LB CD0lD0CB D20 l0
lBVBH0D0 0C0 B!B Bl0!B! B 0!HB C0, 0! 0[0H0, B Dl0UHCB, 0lU0 BuDU0 0S0S
C0DC00S 0S8D VDCUBC0S C0D 0C0, C0SC0 B 0l@BDl2BC0D 0D2H8CB DBSB B D0l0@B
H00CUlBl, lB CSCllDB C0 B Dl0UHlCB yB 0DB UDB 00lB 0XCBIVB y l0CCVB l0B.
N0 l0l0!0 B 0SB HlSHB lC0B 0D !0BCl0D B lB ID@0Dl0lB 0D B !lH0!B D0B C0 0S0 0X0.
"N0 V0D0 B B H0H0llB 0 !BDB]0 C0 @lU0 C0 NICD0BS N0@!00D0.
0l 0]0Hl0, 0 l0y0C0 C0 C00U0 C0 H0Vl0S y 0 SlS0HB HUSC0l0!.+ C0HH0Of, 0 C0S0
SU0y 0O0 0 0O /O C0Huf0l 0l, 00 UBSB H0ICDBlC.
10
|BS D0C0D0S ClD0lD0CBS BD0BCBS 0D 0S0 BlCUl0 S0 !BBD 0D. BSK, 0lC0D, PO
0l00C0 0 CyD0H0tCS, NUCDIDS0D, L0DCl0S, 1Sb1 y, C0 UDB 0!HB UD BD0 H8S ll@0!B, 0D
Ny !0CC0DS 0! 1Sb4, 0D /0S0C, D0 CDW00S 00K 0 D0 W0W 0D0lB0D, MU~
CDIDS0D, L0DCl0S, 1SbZ.
| 1 T0C610 D\DTi ]1 1 TQDlL6CLD1
|.I| DLD1i62 C6i T0C6i0 6V01DL1V0
J0DD lBZBf
l'!'J
N0O00S DBIUfBBS BlIlCBlBS
|+ mDOBlIZBCIDD OB lDS IDCBSDS DB\UIBlBS CDDlB]DS IBUIBB DIOBDB
HO1O8, y DD BS UDB CDIDCIOBDCIB UB Bl OBSBIIDllD OB lB IDDIDB\ICB SB
hnyu VIS\D SI_DIICB\IVBDBD\B CDDDIDBOD DI lB CDDS\IUCCIDD OB DD
It l06 CDDU\BCIDDBlBS BIB SIDUlBI IDCBSDS DB\UIBlBS. PlBD UIID_,
quh n ]U_D UD BBl ClBVB BD Bl OBSBIIDllD OBl CDDCB\D OBl DIOBDBOD |B
NQIIDB OB UIID_), BS\BOB ID\BIBSBOD BD lB DDIDlD_B y lB SIDUlBCIDD
U jI0C0SDS DDIDlD_lCDS DBOIBD\B DDOBlDS DB\BDB\ICDS IDDIDB\lZB
OU , | B RID\BSIS LRUICRUIID_ BlIDBOB UB lB NBUIDB OB UIID_ D~
Il I f0IDOUCII DD SDlD lBS \UDCIDDBS OB lBS DBUIDBS OB CBlCUlD, SIDD
II\\lWBS OB lB DB\UIBlBZB. VDD NBUDBDD, B D\IB I_UIB ClBVB BD Bl OB~
1! |DllD OBl DfOBDBODI, SB IDUSD BXCI\BDBD\B CIBBI UDB \BDIB UB
|Dt lIlyDI0 \BD\D lBS OIDlD_BS DB\UIBlBS CDDD lBS BI\IICIBlBS, BI\IBDO0
|lt In jIBtD1SB OB UB lB IDDIDBCIDD BIB B OBSB OB lB VIOB.
|1| uj0HlD SI_DIICB\IVD OB BS\B ODOlB BDXIDBCIDD BH \0DIDDS OB
IWW lIODDOBlD _BD0\ICD BS Bl BS\UO!D OB JDRD MDllBDO AOOp!O!0n n nO
|Ittl1mO or1lCOl SySIB0S.' MDlBDO BDIBZB OUSCBDOD BUBllD CDDD B
D tItltDD\BS IDOBDBS OB D\IDIZBCIDD BD IBlBCIDD B lB CDDlB]IOBO y lB
Il I1IUIl0OIB. US B]BDDS OB SIS\BDBS DB\UIBlBS y BI\IICIBBS BOBICBD
[!i DUy OIVBISBS, OBSOB `_LDDD fDOUCB lB BVDlUClDD DI_BDlSDDS
l Vl f HBS BOB\BODS BD BD\DIDDS SUDBDBD\B IDBS\BOlBS RBS\B `_U0
jt1 Ot lltD BCDDDDICD UBOB DB]DIBf Bl CDDDI\BDlBD\0 OB UDB BCDDD~
|Ii|n, n jtl uI OB UB lDS OB\DS BCDDDDlCDS fBlBVBD\BS BS DBOICIDDBS
I!I ll U0UBD DO\BDBI B DBOIOB BD UB SB OBSBIDllB lB BCDDDDB
l IulIII, D1UlBl H0C0l 0! BlCD0CUl0. 1D0 DBU!0 0 D0 0V0lU0DB!y D0Cy, 0D
ll N |I lod ), LyD0I l0000I LltC0 wl/1O@$ l fD0 0@/10 0l0. DBC0D, L0DCl0S/WU0VB
iiiiJ p6ge. 24b Z3.

PUDUB MDllBDC SU_!BIB UB \BlBS IDDlBDBS DD \!BDBD UD DDDDIB CD~
lBCI!VD, BIBCBD CDDBI\!I UDB IBDCUBC!DD CDDD D! CUBSI!DDBS CB
BCB\BCDD. B !DCUCBD BD UD\DS CI\!CDS CB CBDDS \BD C!VBISDS CDDD
lB BVDlUCIDD, lB BCDlD_B, lB S!CDlD_B, lB BD!!CBC!DD BCDDDD!CB, Bl CDD~
\!DI, lB !D\Bl!_BDC!B BI\!!C!B, Bl ClCUlD, B DUBS\IBD y B CBCUCC!DH !DDI~
D\!CDS B BS\B l!S\B CBDBDDS BDBCI BDDIB lB B!U!\BC\U!B.
LHBUIBlBZB 0Bl HD0BlD BVDlUlVD
L DDCBlD BVDlU\!VD !BU!BIB UD CDDCB\D BIU!\BC\DD!CD BIB UB UB~
CB SBI CBSCI!\D BD D!DB CB CDC!_D _BD0\!CD. UD ID_!BDB !DDID\!CD
DUIB y CBSBI!DllB BS\B CDC!_D BD UDB SBI!B CB DDCBlDS UB IBSDDCBD
B UD BD\D!DD S!DUlBCD. %S \BICB SB BVBlBD lDS DDCBlDS BD C!CDD BD~
\DIDD y SB U\Il!ZB Bl CDC!_D CB BUBlDS UB UDC!DDBD D!BD BIB IBB\!I
B C!ClD DBS\B UB SB SBBCC!DDB UD BS\BCD BII!CUlB! CB CBSBIIDllD UB
_BDBIB UD ID\D\ID BD Bl DUDCD !BBl. B BSBIB UB B CDI\D lBZD Bl ID~
\DI!D IBBl SBB CBBZ CB IDCUC!I !BSUBS\BS !D\BIBC\!VBS CDH B BD\DIDD
CBDD!BDIB, BID BSD DD BS BSBDC!Bl BD Bl DDCBlD \BDI!CD.
B!B CDDSB_U!I Bl DDCBlD BVDU\!VD BS DBCBSBI!D CB!D!I lD S!_U!BD\B.
UD _UDD CBl CDC!_D _BD0\!CD, DDIDBS BIB Bl CBSBIIDllD CBl CDC!_D, \IB~
CUCC!DD CB CDC!_D B UD DDCBD V!!\UBl, lB DB\UIBlBZB CBl BD\DIDD BIB Bl
CBSBIIDllD CBl DDCBlD y, SDDIB \DCD, lDS CI!\BI!DS CB SBlBCC!DD.
1BDD!0H SB IBCDD!BDCB UB Bl CDDCB\D BSI0 DBSBCD BD Bl IDCBSD, BS
CBC!!, BD IB_lBS _BDBIBCDIBS CB DIDB UB DD CDDS!SIBD BD CDDDDBD\BS
S!DD BD !DCBSDS. B !DDDB UB Bl S!S\BDB SBB ]BIIU!CD, CB DBDB~
IB UB UD IDCBSD C!I!]B B S!_U!BDIB. Bl D!SDD DDCD, CBDB!B lD_IBISB
UB lBS DIDBS y IBCDDlD_BS CDDB]BS BVDlUCDDBIBD ]BIIU!CBDBD\B
B BI\!I CB DIDBS y \BCDDlD_BS SBDCIllBS.
BSCIlCDH @BHBIBlVB
BIB CIBBI UDB CBSCI!C!DD _BD0\!CB, I!DBID BS DBCBSB!!D CBSBIIDllBI
UD CDDCB\D BIU!\BC\DD!CD CB UDB DIDB _BH0I!CB y UH!VBISB UB UBCB
0IBSBISB BD UDB VBIlBCBC CB BS\IUC\UIBS y CDD!_UIBC!DDBS BSBC!BlBS
qUB IBSDDCBD B C!S\!D\DS BD\DIDDS. %UCDDS BIU!IBC\DS yB IIBDB]BD CB
0S\B DDCD, U\!l!ZBDCD UH CDD]UD\D CB BS\IBIB_!BS BISDDBlBS UB BCB~
|BD B ClICUDS\BDC!BS BI\!CUlBIBS CB IDyBC\D. P DBDUCD, CICDBS BS\IB~
l0_!BS SDD DB!CBCBS y S!SIBD\!CBS DBS\B Bl UH\D CB UB lDS IDyBC\DS
U0 Bl_UDDS BIU!\BC\DS UBCBD IBCDDDCBISB !DS\BD\DBBDBDIB. 1DCD lD
qUB SB IBU!BIB BS UB BSB B!DX!DBC!DD _BD0IlCB SBB BXlC!\B y SU!~
C IBD\BDBD\B I!_UIDSB BIB SBI CDC!!CBCB.
Ll IDCBSD UB SB BS\ CBSCI!D!BDCD \!BHB ClBIDS BIBlBl!SDDS CDH lB
l0tDB BD UB DUCDDS IDyBC\DS CDDSC!BH\BS \!BDBD lU_BI, \BDD!0D BS
BID!lBI B lB DIDB BD UB DUCDDS BIUB\!DS VBIDCUlDS y ID\D\!DS CB
!ID SB DBD CBSBI!DllBCD y BCB\BCD B C!BIBD\BS BDlBZBD!BD\DS, BD~
\0IDDS y IBUBI!D!BD\DS S!D_UlBIBS.
!D BDDBI_D, DD SB IDDDB UDB VUBl\B B lBS DIDBS CB BC!!CBC!DD
V0IDCUlBS, UBS\D UB \Bl \IBC!C!DD yB DD UBCB IBSDDCBI B lDS IBUB~
|!t1\IBD\DS CB B V!CB UIDBDB CDH\BDDIDBB. 1BDDCD DCBDDS BCBlBD~
\BI lDS IDCBSDS BVDlU\!VDS DBClBD\B lB CDDS\IUCC!DD y BVBlUBC!DD CB
jID\D\!DS B BSCBlB IBBl, \Bl CDDD SB DBCB BH Bl BSBCD, DI B]BDlD,
jBIB lB CDDS\IUCC!DD CB lBS CB\BCIBlBS _D\!CBS. LSD llBVBIB CBDBS!BCD
!!DD B !Dl!CBIB CDS\BS !HBCB\BDlBS, \BD\D BD \0ID!DDS BCDDDD!CDS
0DD, BD B CBSD CB BllD BS\!UC\UIBl, CB V!CBS DUDBDBS.
N0U0lZ0C0DDI DI0BHB0DI gSlHUlBClDH
'IDDDBDDS UB Bl !D\D\!D y lB IB\IDBlDBH\BC!DD BXIBSBCDS BD lB BI~
qIIIl0C\UIB VBIDCUlB DBC!BD\B lB CDDS\IUCC!DD IBBl SBBD fBBDlBZBCDS
0t lB DDCBl!ZBCIDD !DDID\!CB y lB S!DUlBC!DH. LH lB BC\UBl!CBC, Bl DD~
Ui lBCD !DD!D\!CD \!BHCB B IDCUC!ISB CBSU0S CB UB Bl C!SBDD BS\0
jf|C!!CBDBD\B CDDlB\D y CB BllD SDlD IBSUl\BD DDC!!CBC!DDBS DBDDIBS.
8 DCD IBCUBD\B BDCDD\IBI B \lD CB DDCBllZBC!DD _y S!. .. ! UB SUBlB
II\|!I2BISB BD Bl CBDD CB lB BCDDDDB, DI VBI!BS IBZDHBS. LB !D\IDCUC~
|DH CB CB\DS BIB UD BC!!C!D CDDlB\BDBD\B IDyBC\BCD llBVB \!BDD y
CBIB, y lB DDCBl!ZBC!DD IBUBI!CB BIB lB BVBlUBClDH BDD!BD\Bl HD BS
HBCBSBI!BDBD\B CDDB\!DlB CDH lB IBUBI!CB BIB lB IDCUCC!DD CB

O!OU[DSOBIBOB[D. ODB VBZB\DDOBlDSBDBCBI@BODBDBlDIOBDBODI,SDlD

UBOBD HBCBISBBl@UDDS!DSOBBlBIBC!DDCDDBC!l!OBO. PBSBIOBlBS
IDDBSBS OB lDS VBDOBODIBSOBLPL,lB VBIOBO BS UBDD IBSUlB @BDBIBl~
DBDBSC!lIBB\!ZBICBDOIDS,BlDBDDSDDOBl!DUBByUOBIBBOBSBIID~
llBI BSIBB@!BS BlBIDB!VBS. ODB DS!O!l!OBO SBIB O!SDDBI OB S!SBDBS
OBDDOBl!ZBC!DD UB BID!IBSBD B@UDBDIDBOB BVBlUBC!DD BDUDBBSB
BD!BDB OB `ODCBDS. DI OBS@IBC!B, B BSBI OB UDB !DVBISIDD SUSBD~
C!B,DOBVBDDBX!SBUD SD|WC/BCBBZOB DBCBIlD,BD@IBDBI\BOBO!OD
B UDB DBlB CDDIBDSIDD OB lB UDC!DD OB\ ODCBD DOB lDS @BIBOBDSIB~
l!D!DBIBS OB\ IDyBCD. POBDSS, \DS VBlDIBS OBl IDyBCD BIU!BCDD!CD
SDDBOVBISDSB|BBVBUBC!DDyBOBSBIIDllDCDDBIBIVDyS!SBDS!CDOBl
IDyBCD. LDS IDyBC!SBS !BDOBD B C0D!BI BD SU !OBB IBCDDCBO!OB !D~
U!!VB,DDO!!CSDODlBDSSBIOB BIB UBUDC!DDB,BDBDO!BDOD B DB~
DUOD`UDC!DDBI BDUDSBD!ODDSS DS!CD UBUDC!DDBl.
HBSU\B !IDD!CD UB lDS DDODS ![BODS OB IBIBSBDBC!DD y BOSIBC~
C!DD OB lB DIDB CDDSIU!OB UB SB OBSBIID\lBIDD OBDID OB lBS l!D!B~
C!DDBS OB B DBSB OB O!OU[D y lBS 0CD!CBS OB lB @BDDBIB OBSCI!!VB
DByBDBD!OD UB IBSlBOBISBBDOIIBCBDBDBBlDIOBDBODI.LBSDIDBS
@BDD0I!CBS DOIBD DBOBI SB@U!OD S!BDOD lSS!CBS y \U!OBS BD Bl DI~
OBDBODI BD\U@BI OB DBOBI OBVBD!ODDSSI@IOBS.
NBCBS!BDDSBDCDDIBIUDBBlBIDB!VB BDUBSIB DOSBSlDD,DBIBOBOB
OBlBDBSBOBO!OU[D,DIlBSDIDBSI[BOBS,yBIBCBUBBDOIBDDSUB
BDSBIBD0ID!DDSOBlBD@UB[B,OBUDVDCBOUlBI!DDUDBSIDBX!S. PlDB~
CBIlD DD DDS IBBI!DDSBl !D OB BIDX!DBC!DDS!Dl!SB UB SBOBSB BD
Bl USD OB @IBDOBS BlBDBDDSCDD!@UIBOlBS y SUSCDIIBSDDO!BDBS @IB^
DS!CB DIDBl D S!DBX!S BSBC!Bl. ND DDS IBBI!DDS B lDS !D!D!DS B]BI
C!C!DSBIDUB!VDSUBBODIBD lDSBDI!CDSOBlDIOBDBODI yUBUBOBD
IDOUCII,DIB]BDlD,DODS\DS\BDDSOBPDOIBB BllBOID[yUDDSCUBD
DS DUBVDSDSS)IBSCDDCBO!I UDB,O!@SDDSlDBS,S!DBX!SBllBO!BDB.
POBBClHBIBlVB
IDDDBDDSUDBDBDOD!D@BBlBIDB!VB,BDlBUBBlDDOBlDSBBOB0
IBBIOBDBDB BD Bl DIOBDBODI IBSDDO!BDOD B lB IBIDBl!DBDBC!DD
ut!IOBlBBVB\UBC!DD. LDD Bl!D OB IDOUC!I BSDS CBDO!DS Sl@DllCBl~
VDSBDlBOBSBOBOBDS,IBSUlBUDOBDBHBlOlSDDBIOBDUBVBSDIDBS
IB BSIUCUIB OB OBDS CDD UD DB[DI BDBDO!D!BDD OB lBS IBlBC!DDBS
l0@!CBS !DDBIBDBS Bl DDOBlD OB BO!lC!D.1XBI!DBD0 DI I!DBIB VBZ
DDUDBBSIUCUIBOBOBDSBSBCBBDBlSlSBDB HB!lBBD,BID
lll BSIUCUIB BIB BSBC!CB BIB lBS DDIDBS y lB @BDDBIB OB UD S!S
l1 DB BSIUCUIBl. LD UB BDDIB IDDDBDDS BS UDB 0CD!CB BllCBOlB B
II1 BDl!D BOBD!CD OB CDDCBDS BIU!BCDD!CDS y @BDDBIBS, DOBS
| IIISCDDCBO!OBSCDDDS!SBDBS@BDBIB!VDSSUSCB!OlBSOBOBSBIIDllD
y 0VDlUC!DD, DOBS BllBS BD DSBS!DD OB BSB CBl!OBO UB V!DllB~lB~UC
t1|I1iCBI\ZBOB CDDD `BSllD `lB DBD!BSBClDD OB UD !OBBl BSBOlBClOD
oD UDI!DC!!D.
l 0 lCBClDOBOBDS
l1|\ VBZ OBSCI!D Bl CDDCBD BD 0ID!DDS OB DDIDBS @BDBIB\lVBS, Bl
gu!6DB BSD BS CDO!!CBIlD BD 0ID!DDS @BH0!CDS. LB !OBB OB CDO!~
l! II0!0D UBOB !lUSIBISB CDD lB CDO!!CBC!DD OB BSUBDBS OB lBDB y
Du I:SICDBOD@BDBIBlOBBO!!C!DSOBL!DDBlNBICD,UDD0DODDSSCDD~
vt l|DDBlyCDDBCDUBBlDUBSID,BID,DIOBSCDDBOD,lBS!DBDC!D~
n UB NBICDSDD DUyO!S!DBS. DIB[BDlD,lBlBDB OB B CBSB N!D!~
I!\!II!\ {1Z) OB LB LDtOUS!BI SB CDO!!CB BD S!SBDB DBXBOBC!DBlBS
tU |r, DD!BDODBDOBSB,~,,Z...,P,, L,,1,,OBDBDBIBUBlB
jvlttrl1 OBXIBSBCDDD 1, UDB BXIBSlDD UB UB~
lU lDDCBISB BD S!SBDB OlDBI!D, ODDOB CBOB O@!D DBXB SB IBOUCB B
IIt1t1 0 U0DC!B OB 4 O!S [ B , 1 B , BC.). BSU0S SB B@IUB
H :lQU0S OB OlS l!SDS BIB OBSODOlBISB BD UDB DBI!Z OB DI .
l :ttt un!OBO OB BSBDBI!ZSB IBSlBOBB UDB C0lUlB OB UD OlB@IBDB OB
Vt IUl [IDT0CD!CBOBlSl@BOIBODDlBBDBBIBBXIBSBIDBIBC!DDBSlD@lCBS
Il:gr uD!CBDBDB).1lO!B@IBDB IDBlDBDBSBIBDSDIDBD0I!CBDBD~
l1
l
I III DDVBI!ISBBDBllBDDCDIIBCBDBDBO!DBDS!DDBOD.BUDDDOD
lIu|lnI,1u DIDBIlO!DBDS!DDBl@BDBIBlOBlBO!lClDBB@IBD[J~)
l
M VBDOBIHD DBUBOBCDO!!CBISBCDDD11.DOIS B~
I I t DDllCBOD,BIDlBCDO!!CBC!DDIBSUlBDUyBCDDDlCBy Bl@UDDS
JJ
CB DS BBDBDDS CB BSB SlSBDB BSBD lDlClDS BD lBS BSlUCUlBS CB
CBDS lDVlSIOlBS CB CUBlUlBl SlSBDB CB DDCBlZBCIDD lD!DlDBlCD.
flBll0S BfB B 0Xt0
BIB UB !UDClDDB B SBlBCClDD DBUIBl, CBOBD SBlS!BCBlSB B_UDDS Cll~
BlIDS.
LB lDDIDBCIDD _BDBlCB CBOB lBBIlSB CDD lBClSIDD.
BOB BlSIl B DDlUDlCBC CB _BDBIBl VBIlBCBC y DUBClDD |DDlDBl~
DBDB SB CDDSI_UB DBCIBDB Bl ClUCB _BDB!lCD y BUBDS BlIDlBS
CBSUBlBS BD B CDlBCD _BDBICD).
LUBUIBl VBIlBCIDD CBOB SBI BDOlBD SUSCBIOB CB lBlDCUCClDD
y, DCBSIDDBlDBDB, CBOB CDDBIll VBDB[BS DBDCIBBS Bl BlBSBISB
CDDD BDDID.
BOB IDCUCllSB UDB SDOIBIDCUCClDD DBSIVB CB BDDIDS.
BOB lDCUClISB UDB lIVBlCBC _BDBlCB BD BDDlDDS BIlCUBlBS
|BDBS CB lB lBBlClDD CB CDCI_D _BDBlCD}.
BIB SBlS!BCBl BS ByBS CB lB BVDUClDD DBUlBl, DD BS DBCBSBllD CISD~
DBl CB UD DI_BDISDD VIVD. JDCDS lDS CllBllDS CB BlD IBSBDBS BD UD
SlSBDB DBUlBl BD CBSBIlDD SB IB!lB]BD BD DUBSID DDCBD BVDlUlVD
BlIlCIBl. LB lD!DlDBCIDD _BDBlCB BD DlDB CB CDCl_D lDDIDBICD SB lB~
IDCUCB Dl SUS BUlVBlBDBS BlB lDCUCll ClUCBS y DUBClDDBS. LDS
BDDlDS BD DlDB CB DDCBDS VllUBlBS SB CBSBllDBD BD BDDlDDS SI-
DUBCDS SB CDDBlB SU UDCIDDBDlBDD, SB lBBlZB UDB SBlBCCIDD CB lDS
CDCl_DS _BDBlCDS BIDIBCDS y CBSUBS BSB SB lBlCB CB UDB DBDBIB
CIClCB.
B DB DBCDD DlDCBlB BDBIIDIDBDB BD UB Bl DD CBSCllOB Bl
BDDID, SlDD UB CDDSIUyB 0 lOS|luCC|0O uB 0BSCllDB B Ql0CBS0 0B
C0OSlUCClDO 0B BODIlD, IDCUyBDCD lBS IDSIUCClDDBS BlB lB CDDS~
IUCClDD CB DCDS lDS DBBllBlBS, SU lDCBSBCD y BDSBDOlB[B, lD U0
CDDIBDCB BDOlBD lB BOllCBClDD CB BDZIDBS BIB lB lDCUCClDD CB
DUClBDlCDS DBS IDSlUCCIDDBS BIB lB ClVlSlDD y CIBlBDClBClDD CBlUlB
lBS. JDCDS BSDS BlBDBDDS IBBCClDDBD BD B BDDlDD B DBClCB UB BS0
O
0VDUClDDB y SDD CBBCBS CB DDCllCBlSB lBSDDClBDCD B CDDClClDDBS
CDDD B ClSDDlOlllCBC CB lBCUlSDS BIDBDlCIDS, BC. LDS _BDBS DD BSBD
nD DI lBS DlDBS, SlDD DI B UDlCB y, Dl BDBlD_B, DUBSID DDCBD
UuSClIOB IDCBSDS DBS UB DIDBS. LSB lDCBClDIBDD BS BDOlBDB~
IDSDB SBDSlOlB. LBS DDIDBS SDD CDDSBDBS, BlD Bl lBSUBCD VBlB BD
|uHClDD CB lDS DBBllBlBS D BS CDDClClDDBS BDOlBDBlBS. UBSlB lDBD~
I |0D lDBl BS UB Bl lDCBSD _BDBlBlVD CB DlDBS llB_UB B SBl BlB CB
R I!lI0DB BlD, CB DDDBDD, DUBSID DDCBlD UDClDDB BD lB CBSCIlClDD
UI| lDS IDCBSDS CB lBBDlBDD y BDSBDOlB[B CB DBBllBlBS. Ll lDCBSB~
UD y Bl BDSBDOlB[B lBBlBS SDD BBIDDS Bl DDCB0.
0lB CBClllD CB DBDBlB SBDClllB, lD UB BSBDDS CBSBllDIBDCD SDD
ltU |B_BS BlB lB _BDBlBClDD CB lB DlDB DBS UB lBS DlDBS BD S. BS~
| I!DIIDDS IDCBSDS, DD CDDDDBDBS DUBSlB BlDlDBClDD BS DBS CB
nQHBB CB SBDllBS UB CB ODSB CB lBCIlllDS.
l l mQUltBCt0 BDlBC0
nlDlDBClDD CBSCllB DBSB BDDlB lDlCB Bl_UDDS CBDOlDS BD lDS
l0IDS CB lBOB]D CB DS BlUlBCDS. LB BlDlDBClDD _BDBllCB yB
nIIuj!DCB Dl DUCDDS lDyBClSBS lBDB UB DBCBlSB BXlClB, Il_UIDSB,
U |I1SlSB BD BlDlDDS UB BIDlBD BlBSBl UD CDDCBD BD CDCl_D
tlHt l1CD. LD UD CBSD lCBBl, Bl DlCBDBCDI DClB CBCUCIl BSB lDDlDB~
f|l\ Uu DS DBDCDS CB lBOB]D DDlDBlBS SlD UB UBIB DBCBSBllD B[BlCBl
l I!1\l1IO8 CDDSClBDBS. LDS BlUIBCDS CBOBD SBI ClBIDS SDOlB lDS CllB~
f l OU 0VBUBClDD CB UDB lCBB y lBBlBlSB BlB BCBBl lB BllClBClDD
lI ! l!l HI0 y CB USUBllD BD Bl lDCBSD. LB lBSDDSBOllICBC CBl ClSBDD SB
|I\ VU1U BD UD CDDlDDlSD CB CDDCBD _BDBlBl CDD CBBllBS lDCUlCDS,
f1 hU DBDlBSBCIDD lDClVlCUBl. LD _BDBlBl, Bl BBl CBl BlUlBCD
! HulZBCD DBS UB DBlDBCD, UBS SB DBCB DSlOlB lBOB[Bl CDD
# gtl l nDIlCBC CB DUBVDS ClSBDS BD CDDBlBClDD CDD lDS UB DClBD
l IIjoIVISBCDS lDClVlCUBlDBDB, y CDDSB_Ull UD DIVBl CB SDlSlCBClDD
f I1Ijlu[QBQ DBS BllB CB B CBBClCBC BCDDDDlCB CB UD CBSBCDD DDl-
IllX l 0l0lBllD BVlCBDB CB DCD BllD BS UDB ClSDlDUClDD CB lB DBCBSl
|\I IuQUJIBCDS BD Bl lDCBSD CB _BDBlBClDD lDlClB!, y, BUDUB SB_Ul~
OD
IBD SIBDOD DBCBSBIIDS UD @IBD DHBID OB BIU\BC\DS BIB @BIBD\IZBI
UD DDOD CDHD IICD OB IOBBS, Bl BBl OB lB HBSB OB IHI\BODIBS SBIB
IBBlIZBOD OB DIHB HBS BICIBD\B DI lB HBUIDB. LD BS\B DUBVD CDD\BX\D,
lDS BIUI\BC\DS DOIBD BOUIIII UD BBl HBS CBICBDD Bl OB UD BDD\ID
BHlIBOD, DI BSD SU@IBID lB OBDDHIDBCIDD `BIUI\BC\D BHlIBOD.
L S@UD\B 7BSB
Ll IDyBC\D OB CIDCD BDDS S@UID B BDDS OB IDVBS\I@BCIDD OB DDOD OB
OCBOB B DIHUlBI lB \BDIB @BDBIBl, Bl OISBDD OB lBS DBIIBHIBD\BS y B B
CDHIDDBCIDD OB BI\BS OB lB IOBB. LD Bl CUISD OB lDS \IBDBjDS IBCIBD~
\BS DBHDS IDOUCIOD HBS IDS\IUHBD\DS y BXBIIHBD\DS, BID DUBS\ID
DD]B\IVD IIDCIBl DB SIOD OBSBIIDllBI UD HDOBlD \BDIICD CDDBIBD\B, UB
CIBBHDS DBDBI CDDSB@UIOD DUBS\IB D\BDCIDD BS IDCDIDIBI BD BS\B \DOD
lB IDDIHBCIDD DIIBD\BOB B lDS IDCBSDS @BDBIBOB DI DUBS\ID \IBDB]D
\BD\D BD lB PICDI\BC\UIBl PSSDCIB\IDD CDHD BD lB JBCDDICBl HBSBBICD
IVISIDD OB LBHDIIO@B UDIVBISI\y, lD UB DDS BIHI\IIB BX\BIDB!IZBI Bl
HDOBlD \BDIICD BD \BIHIDDS OB IDDSICIDDBS CDDS\IUC\IVBS BSBCICBS
UB UBOBD IDDBISB, BVBlUBISB y CII\CBISB. Ll HDOBlD BHDIBD\Bl OBDB
OBSBIIDllBISB BIB IDDICIDDBI D\ID HDOBlD CDHlB\D OB BVBlUBCIDD y
CDHIDDBCIDD. NBCBSI\BHDS, SDDIB \DOD, CDHIDDBI Bl HDOBlD CDDCB
\UBl HISHD ID\IDOUCIBDOD SBHIllBS y VBIlICBDOD !DS IBSU!\BODS BD SI\UB~
CIDDBS BSBCICBS.
NUBS\ID DD]B\IVD B lBI@D lBZD BS lB IDCDIDIBCIDD l!\BIBl OB lDS IDCB
SDS BOIICB\DIIDS BD Bl HDOBlD, D \B! VBZ Bl HDOBlD BD !DS IDIDS HB\B~
IIBlBS OB CDDS\IUCCIDD, OB HBDBIB UB SB BU\DCDDS\IUyBD lBS BS\IUC\U~
IBS IBSUl\BD\BS. LSD DOIB CDDSB@UIISB HBOBD\B ID@BDIBIB HD!BCUlBI,
HBOIBD\B !B BlICBCIDD OB DBDD\BCDDlD@B D \Bl VBZ DI ID@BDBIIB @BDB\I~
CB OB DIHBS VB@B\BlBS U DI@BDISHDS VIVDS UB IDOUZCBD DIHBS BID
IBOBS BIB SBI DBDI\BOBS DI DUHBDDS CDHD BDD\IDS BHlIBODS. IBl
L\\D DB SU@BIIOD BS\IUC\UIBS CIBCIBD\BS. HUOD!D DBIDBCD y WIllIBH
B\BVDlDS IHB@IDBDBD BS\IUC\UIBS DI@BDICBS UB SB BII@BD OBSOB IBBC
CIDDBS UHICBS. PlVy HBy HI\D VISIDDBDB BOIICIDS UB DBCBD OB UD
DUBVD~lBOIllD DICD. LDBIlBS JBDCKS SB IBBIB B BSCBDBS OB 0ID0IB0'
tH1 lBS UB SB HDS\IBDB lB BBIICIDD OB DIHBS DUHBDBS y VB@B\BlBS. Ll
u!\IHD DHBID OB lB IBVIS\B PICII0H CDD\BDB UD BUB\B OB SBHIllBS
U0 BVIO IBBDB. P CDI\D lBZD, lB IOBB OB DBCBI CIBCBI BOIlClDS DD BIB~
I 0 HUy VlBDlB, BID Bl BU\DBDSBHDlB]B S UBOB CDDSB@UIISB.
SBIBHDS, HIBD\IBS \BD\D, IDCBOBI B UDB UBS\B BD IBC\ICB OB
I1BS IOBBS, OB DIHB ]BIBIUIZBOB y BVD!U\IVB, OBSBIIDllBDOD CUBIDS
I1l gDICDS HUl\IUDCIDDB!BS B BI\II OB CBlUlBS HDDDUDCIDDBlBS. LS B
I IIIIOS UDB DIHB OB IBVDlUCIDD @BDB\ICB, @UBl UB PlBXBDOBI IBDBH
nIIDS HI\D IBVID !B SUS\I\UCIDD OB IBlICBODIBS H!DBIBlBS DI OB~
|ID\lDS ID@IBSIVBHBD\B HBS SDIS\ICBODS. Ll OlDDSBUIID OBl SlS\BHB
l llB BVDlUCIDDB DBCIB DI@BDISHDS HBS CDHlB]DS.
lU uCt0ISIlCBS O lB DUBVB BIQUl\BC\UIB
l I\ l0S S!S\BHBS QUB RBHDS BS\BOD OBSCIIDIBDOD, Bl CDHDI\BHIBD\D
UDB IDIBOBO BHBI@BD\B B HBDUOD DD OIII@lOB DI IB@lBS lD~
lt . B l@UBl DIHB, lB BIUI\BC\UIB BHBI@BD\B SBIB lIDIB. LS \BD\BODI
UP lIllI B]BHlDS D SIHUlBCIDDBS OB lD UB DOIB SBI lB DUBVB BIUI\BC~
lI1l uID BD BS\B HDHBD\D OBDB DBCBISB BDBSIS SDDIB Bl IDCBSD, BIB
l!! I\!1D0I lB UDIVBISBlIOBO OBl HDOBlD. Ll IDID HDOBlD, ]UD\D CDD SUS
]:I1:t I O8 BVDlU\IVDS y OBSCII\IVDS, IBSUl\BIB D UDB BIUI\BC\UIB OIII~
0I 0\ IDCBSD. NUBS\IB BIUI\C\UIB BS UDB IDIBOBO OBl IDCBSD
gll!ZBCI DD OB lB HB\BIIB, BD lU@BI OB UDB IDIBOBO OB lB HB\BIIB
!ll0DBOB. NUBS\ID HDOBlD BS, BD CUBlUIBI HDHBD\D, lB BXIBSIDD
l tII\ nQuIlIDIID BD\IB Bl OBSBIIDllD BDOD@BDD OBl CDDCB\D BIUI\BC\DDI~
I y n |HlUBDClBS BXD@BDBS B]BICIOBS DI Bl BD\DIDD.
llI nIQuI\0C\UIB BVDlU\IVB HDS\IBIB HB\BDDlISHD. ISIU\BIB OB UDB
+ l1 l1 IHDOIDBHICB BDIBI\B CDD B! BD\IDDD, \BD\D BD SBD\IOD HB\B
II I Ill1\U SDCIDBCDDDHICD. NBD\BDOIB lB BS\BDIl\OBO CDD Bl BD\DIDD
tInl1!1 It\0IBCCIDDBS OB IB\IDBlHBD\BCIDD DB@B\IVB y IDHDVBIB lB
BVDlUCIDD HBCIBD\B lB fB\fDBlIHBD\BCIDD DSI\IVB. LDDSBtVBfB lB IDDf~
HBCIDD _fBCIBS B fDCBSDS CB BU\DCDDDCIHIBD\D, BU\DCB\BlISIS y CDH
Df\BHIBD\D BHBI_BD\B BIB _BDBIBf DUBVBS DfHBS y BS\IUC\UfBS. B
IH\ICBIB BD Bl fBB]US\B CB UD\DS CB CISCDD\IDUICBC BD Bl SIS\BHB SD~
CIDBCDDDHICD Df HBCIBCIDD CB lB fB\fDB\IHBD\BCIDD DSI\IVB. llD fB~
CUDCBfB Bt SI_DIICB\IVDS BVBDCBS \BCDD\D_ICDS CB DUBS\fB DBOlICBC
BIB ID\BfVBDII BD B\ BD\DfDD. ND UDB IHB_BD BS\B\ICB CBl SBf, SIDD UDB
IHB_BD CIDBHICB CBl CBVBDIf y B\ CBSCDDlBfSB UDB BDBlD_B ClfBC\B CB lB
CBSCIICIDD CB! HUDCD DB\UfBl.
_UHB DIRB OB VlOB BOllClB
NUBS\fD HDCBlD CBfIVBfB DICBD CB SU BD\DIDD y SBfB CDD\fDlBCD DI UDB
fBlBCIDD SIHOID\ICB BD\fB SUS DBOI\BD\BS y Bl BD\DfDD. LDDDCB lBS IDS\fUC~
CIDDBS CDCIICBCBS BfB SU fDID CBSBIfDlD y BS, DI \BD\D, BD UD SBD\ICD
lIHI\BCD, CDDSCIBD\B. UBCB BD\ICIBf Bl IBSUl\BCD CB SUS BCCIDDBS y, Df
9llD, UBCB CBCIfSB QUB \IBDB CIBf\B ID\BlI_BDCIB. DCBS |BS BIIBS CBl HD~
3B\D CDDBfBD y BD BSB SBD\ICD UBCB CDDSICBfBfSB UD Df_BDISHD, BfD
5DlD BXIS\IfB lBDBHBD\B CDHD \Bl SI BS HIBHOID CB UD SIS\BHB BVDlU\IVD
J CDDjUD\D CB DI_BDISHDS QUB ID\BIBC\BD BD\IB S y B lB VBZ CDD Bl BD\Df~
3O. NUBS\IB DUBVB BfQUI\BC\UfB SUI_IfB BD lDS HISHDS HBf_BDBS CBl CBDS,
J\l CDDCB BBfBCBD \DCBS lBS CDSBS VIVBS, B IDBVI\BOlBHBD\B CDHBI\IfB
Il_UDBS CBfBC\BfS\ICBS CDD \BS DfHBS CB VICB IIHI\IVBS. T OB BSB CBDS
>Uf_IfB Bl DfCBD. DD UD DICBD Bf\ICUlBI, BCUlIBI, BX\fBDD D BI\IICIDSD, SIDD
_BDfICD, \ICD, DB\UfB\, UDCBHBD\B B IDBVI\BOlB Bl DfCBD CB lB VICB.
0!0D0, J0DD, 00I0Il0O lO O0Iul0 0O0 0IIl|Cl0 SySI0HS. O OIl00uCI0l 0O0ySlS Wl0
IlC0f|0OS f0 0/00, C0OIl0, 0O0 0IllCl0 lOI0@0OC0, UPV0fSIy 0 NI CDI

8n Pr0SS, Ann
\fD0t, 17b.
0l00I00, 0l|U!8 CII1IC8 0I 06I V8CD 0D 1b.
U
YEUC100ES \Ell1lES
i UT0El0UT El E ESlT0lU 0E 0lSEU
\BD lBH
HD
D DU |S D0 DC 0
D0 DUIS D0 0 0=
S D0I SU00CD S0.
|'nf0CB QUB CUfBD\B lDS BICIBD\BS HBSBS CB VBfBDD DBDyDfQUIDDS lDS _B
O8 BHIBZBD B CBBf, D B \IfBfSB, Df lBS VBD\BDBS. NBCIB SBOB HUy OIBD
[OI qUB, BID lDS IDVBS\I_BCDIBS QUB BS\UCIBD Bl BDDHBDD DBD CBSCU
HuI1D UD CUIIDSD CDHDIIBHIBD\D. I UD _B\D CBB CBSCB UDB Bl\UfB OB
IIl\I D CDS BD\BS \JBDB OBS\BD\BS fDOBOIlICBCBS CB B\BffIZBf SBDD y
llVD, HIBD\fBS QUB SI CBB CBSCB UDB Bl\UfB CB BD\fB \fBS y SBIS lBD~
lD 05 |HfDDBOlB QUB SDOfBVIVB. ND DOS\BD\B, SUCBCB Bl_D IDBSBfBOD
1 unHDD CBB CBSCB HBS CB SBIS lBD\BS. BfBCB SBf QUB CDD UD \IBHD
lU Vl:0lD BCICIDDBl, Bl _B\D UBCB CDlDCBfSB BD lB DSICIDD CDffBC\B y fB
| t! S0 \D\BlHBD\B, lD QUB lB BfHI\B BCQUIfIf lB BlBS\ICICBC DBCBSBflB
jJ l I Df BDCIHB OB QUIDCB lBD\BS, lBS fDOBOIlICBCBS CB SU~
ju1VIV0DCIB SB fBCUCBD CB DUBVD. CBHBSIBCD \IBHD BD Bl BIfB y Bl _B\D
tt!i I!1lI UDB VBlDCICBC \BfHlDBl.
VulDCICBC BS CDDSUS\BDCIBl B lB fB\DIICB CBl DICBDBCDf. NBjDf CUBD
lO I\l _fBDCB, BfD HBjDf BD CUBH\D HBS fBIOD.' LD lDS fD_fBHBS OB
l I0D CB IHB_BD y BDIHBCIDD BVBDZBCDS, Df B]BHlD, BS lB VBlDCICBO
lU j1l1lI 0SBHIBD\D y DD B\ BSBCID CB CISCD lD QUB fBIBSBD\B Bl BC\Df lI~
l!\U DI UD \BHB ClBVB CDHD Bl BDCDD CB OBDCB BOQUIBfB lHDIIBDCIB BD
l1!|OH CDD \DS \IBHDS CB \IBDSHISIDD BlBC\IDDICDS. LDS DfCBDBCDfBS
j 1HMlU5 y lDS DIIB\IlBS yB UDCIDDBD B VBlDCICBCBS IHBDSBOlBS OBSCB
ll I\ ! M11 0fHm8l V0l0Ct0S. 1D0 C0HUt0f P tD0 O0S@D StUO0, 0P l0CIC0. PlC0I
lII1 l0unu0 0O0 l0l0S0OI0II0O (LllIC0 V0C0S O 0lI, ID00ly CuUl0}, 0Ut000,
lI ZUUU, 8S. ZZ-Z4b. V0ISDD I0vS8O8 0f 0l 8Ut0f 0P ZUU.

HBCB DCDS BDDS. Dl B]BDlD, !@ lUB, Bl DICBDBCDl CB N BlB B]BClBZ,
UBCB BHBlIZBl CDSC!BD\DS DIlDDBS CB DDV!D!BD\DS Dl SB@UDCD. LBS
UH!CBCBS CBD\lBlBS CB lDS SUBlCDDU\BCDlBS y Bl lDCBSBD!BD\D BlB~
lBD lDDB\BD VBlDC!CBCBS BD DByDIBS. JDCD BS\D \IBDB UB VBl BD Bl\B
CDD CUBS\IDDBS CB DBlKB\!D@ y B!CBCIB. L !DDBDSD @BS\D BCDDDDICD BD Bl
CBSBIlDllD CB SCW0I y lB UBS\B BH lBC\!CB B @lBD BSCBB CB lDS S!S\B~
DBS CB C!SBDD BSIS\!CD DI DlCBDBCDl [LP} BD Bl C!SBDD y lB lDCUCC!DD
!BDlBD S!CD |DDS!DlBS SID UDBS DBjDlBS CDDSICBlBDlBS CB B VBDC!CBC
y CB B lDCUC\!V!CBC. UH D!SDD !DUlSD \BylDlIZBCDl BD Bl \lBDB]D CB lB
DDCBlDICBC lBC!BD\B lB Bl!D!DBC!DH CB D0\DCDS CB \lBDB]D DDSDlB\DS B
!DB!C!BH\BS UBCB BlBC!BlSB \DCBVB HDy.
!D BDDBl@D, BD lBS !CC!DDBS lB\Dl!CBS C!@!\BlBS lB VBlDC!CBC BDl\B
Bl@D DBS. UD U\UlD UB DD SDD BBlBCB DBS lBHBDBD\B !D\B@IBCD CDD lB
\BCDDlD@B, S!DD UB IBIBSBD\B B lDDBSB CB lBCUBlBl lD UB BD\Bl!Dl~
DBD\B HBDB CBS\lU!CD lB DDCBlD!CBC. B lBIV!DC!CB B lBCUBlBC!DD CB lB
CDDUD!CBC, CB lB lD!B !CBD\!CBC, CBl BSBC!D Dl\!CD, CB DS D!C!DS IB~
C!SDS y CBl CBlBC\Bl DCBl." P SU VBZlB lB\Dl!CB CB lB BCCBS!D!l!CBC CBBDCB
CB lB CBBCICBC CB DlCBDBCDl CB S!DUBl B lBBICBC, y BS lB VBlDC!CBC lD
UB @BlBH\!ZB UDB CDD\!DU!CBC S!H lU\UlBS [y, Dl \BD\D, B lBBllSDD) CB
BSBS DUBVBS S!DUlBC!DHBS. BlD BD\lB B IDDBSB CB UD U\UlD C!@I\B y lBS
IBBICBCBS CBl lBSBD\B BX!S\BD lB@UD\BS CDDB]BS UB BX!@BD lBSUBS~
\B. LH UI W0I," BUl VII!l!D HB BXIBSBCD SU BSCB\!C!SDD SDDlB Bl 0gD~
00l0C CBl \!BDD B DBCICB UB BS \BCDDlD@BS CB B VBDC!CBC DCUBD
\DCDS lDS BDDl\DS` P! BS\B, CB DUBVD, lB D!SDB !CBDlD@B !USDl!B CB UB
CUBDCD B DUDCD SB lBCUZCB B HBCB y D \BD@BDDS \DCD B DBDD SBIBDDS
!DID!\BDBD\B Bl!CBS. YD ClBD UB BS ]US\D Bl lBV0S y BSD yB SB HB lD
DBCD=, UB SBlBDDS ID!D!\BDBD\B !DBl!CBS DlUB HBDlBDDS BlC!CD Bl
BU\0D\!CD lU@Bl CB lB l!DBl\BC, UB BS lB BX\BDSlDD."
Ll CDD\lDl y lB CDDCBD\lBC!DD SDD lDS CDDBDBlDS !DBV!\BDlBS CB BSDS
DUBVDS lB@DBDBS \BCDDClB\!CDS L CBDD CB B l!DBl\BC SB lBCUCB CDD
lB VBlDC!CBC. T lB VBlDC!CBC DBCBS!\B UD CBDD. LUBDCD yB DD UBCB CBD
D DUBS\IBS V!CBS SBlBD CDDD UDB I0l00, UDB DBU!HB CUyBS UBl\BS
SB BDlBD y SB C!BllBD.'
BU VIl!!D C!S\ID@UB BD\lB lB VBlDC!CBC 00DDlIC0 lB CB lDS SBI08
V!VDS, B \BDD CB lBBCC!DH y B VBlDCICBC C0ClDglCC, lB VBlDCICBC Bl

I!!ClBl CB lBS DBU!DBS. LD UB C!BlBDC!B S!@D!!CB\!VBDBD\B B lBS

I\DlD@BS lBC!BD\BS CB lBS CB lB DDCBlDlCBC Bl BV!DD, Bl \Bl0@lBD D Bl
dU\DDDV!l BS UD CBSClDU]BDlBD\D CB lB lDD\BlB BD\lB B VBlDC!CBC \BC~
|lDlD@lCB y lB DB\BDDlCB. LB VBlDC!CBC CB DlCBDBCDl BS D!ClDVBlDClCBC,
|IIV!SIDlB D!BD\lBS DBlB, V!S!DlB SDD CDDD BBC\D. LDD B DlCBDBCDI, lB
VlDCICBC \BCDDlD@!CB SB BCBlCB B lB DB\BDDl!CB. LDS Bl@Dl!\DDS @BD0\I
I II8 UBCBD SIDUlBl C!BD\DS CB D!lBS CB BDDS CB BVDlUC!DD BD DCDS D!~
IItI\DS, lDS lD@lBDBS CB V!CB BII!lC!Bl BDl\BD CBBClCBC CB IBSUCS\B
y I\CB\BD!ICBC Bl BD\DlDD \BCDDlD@!CD. BlD lB CUBS\!DD DD BS \BD SDD
UuD\!\B\!VB. BlB V!l!l!D, lD UB C!S\!D@UB B lB VBlDC!CBC DB\BDDllCB BS
II JCC0SlS0Cl0. LD UB BS\B V!VD, lBSBD\B, CDDSC!BD\B, BU, SDlD lD
| DlUB SB lDCUCBD lD!DlCBC CB BUBDBS DUBl\BS, BUBDDS BC~
|\!0D\BS, BUBDDS CDl\BS." LS B \lBV0S CB BSBS !D\BllUC!DDBS CDDD
f |UCDDS\!\UyB Bl CBDD DD CDDD UDB CDD\!DU!CBC S!D lU\UlBS, SlDD B
lI V0B CB UD CBDD!D CB BSCBB, UDB \BX\UlB CB @lBDD !DD UB BlD!\B lB
1 tII\: k!DD DCBl y lB CDD\!DU!CBC, UD DlCBD UB BCB\B lB C!SCDD\!DU!CBC y
U U6DC!B S!D CDC!!CBllBS CDDD lBC\UlBS CB\BS\lD!CBS. B BSB DDCD,
f tII\tI 8BDBlB ylV0lB LD\l!D@Bl ]Bl !D\BllDCU\Dl CB BU VIlll!D BD UI
! D lB \BCDDlD@B CB B VBlDC!CBC DD \DCD BS DB@B\!VD. LB VBlDC!CBC,
y 1 IICC!CBD\B, BSB !D\BIlUC!DD UB SUDHB B CBCB, \!BDBD Bl@D UB
!\ f I HDS BCBlCB CB lB DB\UlBlBZB CB DUBS\lDS CUBlDS y B UDC!DDB~
|I\!nI!D U0 DUBS\IBS CDDClBDC!BS."
]1H SU ]UB@B B BlU!\BC\UlB BD \DCD BS\D LD Bl BS\UClD CB C!SBDD
!|ItIIIlCDl lDVDCB \BD\D IB!VIDC!CBC!DDBS BX\lBVB@BD\BS CDDD B\DS
lIV U0 BDS!BCBC. LDDD SUCBCB CDD lDS @B\DS UB SB lBC!!\BDBD BD
\ IJWD VBCD CB VBlBDD, CBDB lB@UD\BlSB S! BX!S\B UDB DDl\UD!CBC
|IlI+ III\ 0\BCD !D!C!Bl CB CDDS\BlDBClDD D CDDUSlDD y lB VBlDC!CBC \Bl~
|IIlIl!`` U0JD!\!VB. LB \BCDDlD@B, DDS lBCUBlCB NlCHB DUCBUl\, BS BD\BS
Inl Q\ \0CD!CB. NBS BllB CB lBS CUBS\!DDBS CB lB Vll\UBl!CBC y CB lB
Il1UIu I: B |DDlDBClDD, BS\BS DUBVBS \BCDDD@BS HBD \BD!CD BBC\DS
BI t:l1C |0\DS BD lDS BSBClDS CB lB C!UCBC. L\ \lBDB]D B ClS\BDC!B y lB
l l!1 D CuSB DDC!!CBD lBS BS\lUC\UlBS CB lD CDD0S\!CD. Ll CBDlBBCD
l m !DS CB \lBDB]D HB ClBBCD @UB\DS BD lB BlIB CB B\lBS CB lBS
l l\t g V0S\DS BlDBCBDBS CB DBIBCDlBS !DDIDB\lCDS SB@lB@BCDS CB
II\!!l6 U6 DCBl CDlDlB\lVD. lD HB DSlD!l!\BCD lB BX\BlDBl!ZBC!DD
CBl IBOB[D CB DlClDB, CBHOlBDCD lDS DlClDS _lDOBlBS. LDD!BClClBDCD
lB IBlVlDClCBCICD BCIlCB CB lB CBSCBDIBllZBClCD y \B DlVBlBClCD CB \B [B~
IBIUB CIBBCB DI lB BCCBSlOIllCBC B lB IDDIHBCICD, BSKlB BSSBD DB
SBDBlBCD UB, BIB DBCBI ClICUlBI lB lDDIHBCICD BD UDB IBC CBSlDCB\l~
ZBCB, 0SB CBOB BSBI CDDSDllCBCB IlHBID, yB UB, B!BCC[lCBHBDB,
lBS BCDDlD_BS UB BD BDIB lOBD B BIHllI B\ BCCBSD llO!B CDDCUCBD B
UDB DUBVB CBDIBllZBCICD CBl DCB!.'" B IBB CB BHBS UB BS DBCBSB~
I!D BODICBI UI_BDBHBDB. BID S! lB BIUIBCUIB DD lBDB lDBDCICD CB
BOBDCDDB! SU IDSIUDBDBllCBC BSBClCB =UB !BDSB !lDClBlHBD~
B BD Bl HUDCD CB \DS DO[BDS y DD BD B\ CB \B lDD!HBClCD, BS DBCBSB~
IID DOSBIVBI CDD HByD! BBDCICD lDS BIBCI_HBS y lDS IDDCDlDS UB SB
BSBD \\BVBDCD B CBOD CDD lDS D!CBDBCDIBS CB\ BSUCID CB ClSBDD. IBCl~
SBHBDB, CDD B\ lD CB !BOB[BI CDD HByDI BlCIBDClB Bl DlVBl CB lDS BHBS
SDCIBlBS y UIOBDDS DBDClDDBCDS BDB!lDIHBDB, lB BIUlBCUIB DBCBSl
B SBI CBBZ CB BIDVBCDBI lBDBHBDB lDS DUBVDS lDSIUHBDDS CB lB
BCDD\D_B lDDIHBlCB. LSD IHllCBIB, CB D!HB BSBC!!CB, DD BDBDCBI
Bl DICBDBCDI BD 0IHIDDS UC!CDS [CBDCD lB BSB\CB B \DS DBCDDS y B lB
!BBllCBC), SlDD BD 0IHlDDS HBS IB_HBICDS BIlCU\BDCD UD [UB_D HBS
CDHlB[D BDIB lD IBBl y lD VIIUB.
LD CDDSBCUBDClB, !BSU\B lB_lHD HDSIBI CIBID BSCBlClSHD BD~
D IBSBCD Bl lHUlSD BCDDCIBlCD BD BIBS CB lB !DCUCClCD BlClBDB,
CDHD !BSBCD B lB VB_B IDHBSB CB UD UUID UClCD. ND DOSBDB, Bl
SIH!B IBCDBZD D lB !BSISBDClB DD SDD SUlCIBDBS. B !BUlB!B BHOl0D
UD ID_IBHB DSllVD, CBBZ CB IBDBCBI lDS DBOlDS HBDB!BS CB lB BI~
UlBCUIB y CB IBBlBODIBI SUS B!DDBS CB UDClDDBHIBDD, UB DC!B
BHBZBI CDD UDB IDVBSl_BClCD BSBCUlBIVB y DD lDBllSB SDOIB lBS D~
SlOl\lCBCBS y DBDClBllCBCBS CB BSBS DUBVBS BCDDlD_BS BD B\ SBDD CB
lBS CBHBDCBS BSBClCBS CB lB BIUIBCU!B CDHD ClSClllDB. Ll BCIICD
HBCIBlCD IlBCI!CD . hllBI DB SBDB\BCD UB lB BCDDlD_B Cl_lBl CDD~
VlBIB B HUCDDS HBClDS ClSlDDS SDDlCD, IHB_BDBS D BXDBD UD
CCCl_D OlDBIID _BDBIBl y, BD CDDSBCUBDCIB, CBCB HBClD lBICB SU BSB
CIlClCBC HBBIIBl. `LB Cl_IBllZBCICD _BDBIBl CB lB lDDIHBClCD y SUS CB
DBlBS OD!IB lB ClB!BDClB BDIB CBCB UDD CB \DS HBClDS CB CDHUDICBClCD.
DD!CD B lHB_BD, VDZ y BXD, SB DBD CDDVB!!CD BD HBIDS BBCDS SUB!
!ClBlBS D, HB[D! ClCDD, BD UDB IDBIBZ BIB Bl CDDSUHlCDI.`` Ll BXD y
Z
1 BBIBCB BSDClBCD BXCUSlVBHBDB Bl llO!D, Bl SDDlCD Bl ClSCD CB VlDllD
DI lB DD_IBB Bl CBlUlDlCB y lBS BHU\SlDDBS CB lBB, DCD SB DB CDDVBI~
llCD BD OlS BOSIBCDS, B\HBCBDBCDS BD UDB CB[B DB_IB y BCCBSlOlBS B
l!BV0S CB UDB lDBIBZ BlBCICDlCB. LSB lCBB y DIBS B!BClCBS DBD llBVB~
UD B CIBID DHBID CB BCIlCDS B DlSDIlBCDIBS B BHBZBI B CDDSlCBIBI B
n!UlBCU!B CDHD UD HBClD HBS. LB BIUlBCUIB VUBlVB B BDSBISB DI
nDBlD_B CDD lB CUlUIB CB lB lDDIHBClCD y lDS IDDCDlDS CB lDS HBClDS
IB CDHUDlCBClCD BS CBCII, BD 0IHlDDS CB UOllClCBC, BUClBDClB, lHB_BD
y SI_DllCBCD, CDHD HB!DS BBCDS SUBIlClBlBS, DI UlllZBI lB IBSB CBl
t0!D hI\B!. lD BHOB!_D, BSBS BDIBS CB lB BIUlBCUIB CDHD HBClD
I0 CDHUDlCBClCD DBD SBIVlCD CB OlBD DCD BD Bl CBSBIIDllD CB DUBVBS
oNl !BB_!BS CB IBOB[D UB DB_IBD lBS DUBVBS CBBCCBCBS CB lB BC~
I\0lD_B Cl_lBl BD lB IBCICB CBl ClSBDD. l CDDSlCB!BI lB BIUlBCUIB
ngUD CIlBIlDS HBClBlCDS, Bl_D CB SU BSBClClCBC, CDHD IBClCB DB~
ti!1vB y CDHD IBSBDClB HBBIlBl BD Bl HUDCD, SB lBICB. LBS BCDDlD_BS
O U!SBDD DI DICBDBCDI, BD CBHOlD, BCBDBD Bl CBIBCBI IBDSBCC!D~
I| tl G0 BSBS DUBVBS 0CDlCBS, BS CBClI, SU CBBClCBC CB DB_DClBI BDIB
l !\!\IDCD BOS!BCD CB lDS lDS!UHBDDS CB ClSBDD BIUlBCCDlCDS y Bl
jH utD CB!BCBI !BBl CB lB BIUlBCUIB CDHD B!B CBl HUDCD SlCD, UB
lOOuVB SB !BSISB B lB BDCBDClB DBClB UDB `Cl_lBllZBClCD _BDBIBl. BIB
llgIlI 8 Bl_UDB BIB CDD BSBS DUBVBS BCDD\D_BS, BS DBCBSBIlD lI HBS
ll! OO lB lDBIB7.
'|W lBDD, BS lHDIBDB DD BICBI CB VlSB lB !DSIUHBDBllCBC CBl DI~
1\t0I. Ll DICBDBCDI DD BS `UDB DBIIBHlBDB HBS, B!D S_UB SlBDCD UDB
H I! lI!J\!BDB, UD lDSIUHBDD CDD CBBClCBCBS, llHBClDDBS y DSlOlllCBCBS
H!Uy BClCBS. _LUBlBS SDD lBS DDIUDlCBCBS BSBClCBS CB lBS DUBVBS
I!IH|\IIlIl18CBS CB CBSCIlClCD _BDH0IlCB, CB HDCBlBCD BSBClBl, CB SlHU
+| KI1I I UDCDDBS y ID_IBHBS, CB _BDBIBClCD CB SlSBHBS DIHBlBS y
ll j u1ul |VDS D CB CIBBClCD IB!CB CB IDDlDSY CDDlDUBClCD, DCIB
! H1!HI0 UDB !BBVBlUBCCD CUlCBCDSB CB lBS lHlCBClDDBS CB BSBS DUB~
B!IURIBDBS BD SU CDDBXD CDDCBUB\ y BCIlCD. l CUBSlDDBI lB IB~
l !I I0 lD DUBVD SB DBCB DSlOlB IBCDDSlCBIBI BDD lB DUBVB BCDDlD_B
H1l|Wl IBCl_HBS CB DICBD, CB lB _BDHBIB y CB lB DI_BDlZBClCD BISlS~
l\l1t PU 0 BIUlBCUIB. BSBI CB DCD SU BIBClVD lBIBIlD, lB DClCD
l\\! IUluOB DD IBSUlB HUy lDB!BSBDB IDBlHBDB. ND DCBHDS `UBCBI~
d
DDS UBfB CB lB IBCDDlD_B. IDCB CII!CB CBOB CBSBIfDllBfSB DBCBSBI!BDBDIB
CBSCB CBDIfD. LD UB SB DBCBS!IB BS BSBI B BSIBf IBD IDUDCBDBDIB BD!~
lIBfIZBCD CDD B IBCDDlD_B UB SBB DSIOlB II DBS BlB CB lB fBI0f!CB, IBDID
B BVDf CDDD BD CDDIIB. BOBD CUlI!VBISB lB !DIBIIUC!0D y B BCC!CBDIB, lDS
S!SIBDBS CB SD|W0IB CBOBD UI!lIZBISB CDDIIB SUS IIDCIIDS. LDS IDIDCDlDS
BSIBOlBC!CDS CBOBD fBIDICBISB.''
rIlDBIB R!0IBS!S. BOSIIBCClDDBS CDDOlClDDBlBS
UDD CB lDS BSBCIDS CUIIDSDS CB B IBCDDlD_B C!_!IBl BS lB UBSIB BD
VBlDf CB UD DUBVD IBBl!SDD. B lDS BBCIDS BSBC!BlBS CB MDllyWDDC B
lDS IBOOBIS CB BIU!IBCIUfB, Bl 0X!ID CB lB DUBVB IBCDDD_B SB D!CB DI
SU CBBCICBC BIB IBIBSBDIBI UDB `IBBICBC` S!D DBCUlB. DClUSD SB DB
BSIBCD UI!l!ZBDCD lB CBDDDIDBCB `IBBl!CBC VI!lUBl DD IBDID BIB CIBBI
IBBICBCBS BlIBIDBIIVBS, CDDD BfB IBICBI BUBllBS UB yB BX!SIBD. LD
BIU!IBCIUfB BSD SB DDB CB DBD!!BSID BD lB fDl!BIBC!0D CB I0CD!CBS
CB `V!SUBl!ZBC!0D`. cD BSIB CBSD, lB fBD!SB BS UB S! lB IBCDDlD_B ID~
DIDBI!CB UBCB CIBBf SIDUlBCIDDBS CBCB VBZ DBS IBBl!SIBS [IBOOBIS
DIDIIBBl!SIBS, !I!DBIBI!DS S!DUBCDS D VUBlDS V!IIUBlBS Df lDS BC!!C!DS
IDUBSIDS), lDS BIfDIBS CB C!SBDD SBfBD Bl!D!DBCDS. LD UB DD SB I!BDB
BD CUBDIB BS UB lB fBBl!CBC S!DUlBCB BSIB CDDlBIBDBDIB DBC!BI!ZB~
CB Df lBS CDDVBDC!DDBS V!SUBlBS CB DBCIDS yB BX!SIBDIBS, SDOIB IDCD Bl
C!DB y lB DID_IBB. B CB DI OUBDD UD IBDOBI CB UD BC!!C!D S! SB BIBCB
lD SU!C!BDIB B UDB 0D CBl BC!!C!D y lBS BD!DBC!DDBS S!DUlBD lBS CDD
VBDC!DDBS CBl C!D0 DUlBI.
cSIB DDV!D!BDID DBCIB lBS CDDVBDCIDDBS CBl fBBl!SDD IBDO!0D SB
DDB CB DBD!!BSID BD Bl CB B CB CBl USD CBl DICBDBCDI BD Bl BSIUC!D CB
C!SBDD. LDS ID_IBDBS CB LP DBD BC!l!IBCD CDS !DDIIBDIBS CBDO!DS
BD Bl B[BICIC!O CBl C!SBDD, UB BD CBOBD SBI BVBlUBCDS CII!CBDBDIB.
I!DBID BS Bl USD fBDDVBCD CB lBS BISBCIIVBS, UB BDI!_UBDBDIB SB IB
DBD UB C!OU[BI \BODI!DSBDBDIB B DBDD, BfD UB BDDfB SB _BDBfBD SID
BSUBIZD. cl S0_UDCD BS B USD CBl CDDI. cD Bl DICBDBCDI, Bl CD\DI D OlBD
BS BXIIBVB_BDIBDBDIB BlSD D O!BD !DIBDIB S!DUlBI IBIBSBDIBC!DDBS D
ID_IB!CBS B IIBV0S CB SD!SI!CBCDS ID_IBDBS CB IBOOBIO UB !DClUyBD

lDS fBlB[DS, lB IIBDSBIBDC!B D lB Bl!CBC!0D CB IBXIUIBS SUBf!C!BlBS. cD
BDODS CBSDS, lB BC!l!CBC BIB CDDSB_U!I BBCIDS SBCUCIDIBS S!_UB CBS~
DDICBDCD CUBlU!BI !DIBDID CB CUBSI!DDBI lB IBlBC!0D BDIfB lDS DBClDS CB
BfBSBDIBC!0D y lB !DSIIUDBDIBllCBC BIUIIBCI0D!CB.
LB !DCDDIBSIBOlB BCBIBC!0D CBl DICBDBCDI CDDD DBIIBD!BDIB CB V!~
8UBl!ZBC!0D V!BDB ClBIBDBDIB !DUBSIB DI Bl DBICBCD y IBSDDCB B lB
HBCBS!CBC CB Cl!BDIB CB CDDDCBI Bl BSBCID CBl BC!lC!D BDIBS CB _BSIBI~
8U C!DBID BD SU CDDSIIUCC!0D. !D BDOBI_D, CDDD CDDCBID, lB !CBDlD_B
U0 lB V!SUBlIZBCI0D BS DB! DBSIB Bl UDID CB IBSUlIBI IDIBlDBDIB !lUSDI!B
, CDDD IBl, IBSUlIB IBDOI0D SDSBCDDSB CDDD fBCI!CB IDBS!DDBl. U
IIuyBCIDI!B DD VB CBSCB lB !DB_BD B lB fBBl!CBC, S!DD CBSCB lB !DB_BD B lB
|llIB_BD. LB V!SUBl!ZBC!0D DB llDlIBCD lB UI!l!CBC !DSIIUDBDIBl. ND IIBOB[B
juIB IIBDSDIDBI lB IBBl!CBC, S0lD BIB IBIDCUC!IlB. UBSID UB SB DCU~
jnD BXClUS!VBDBDIB CBl BSBCID CB lBS CDSBS, lBS I0CDlCBS CB VlSUBl!ZB~
t 0u SDOIBBCBDIBD lB DIDB y lB BBI!BDC!B. cl I!BDD, Bl BCDDIBC!D!BD~
1 Bl ID_IBDB DD UBCBD IIBIBISB DBC!BDIB I0CD!CBS CB VlSUBl!ZBC!0D.
1SCB B UDID CB V!SIB CB lB BICBC!0D, lBS I0CD!CBS CB V!SUBl!ZBC!0D
|\IHBD UB BD lB BXBI!BDC!B BfU!IBCI0D!CB BDIIB BD [UB_D UD BSBCIID
I\\IIy 0SIIBCDD CB lDS DBCBD!SDDS BfCBIUBlBS. UDB V!S!0D CDDD lB CB
IH1A CBDBfB BD UD IDBl UB !_DDIB lB lU!CBZ CBl DjD y lB CDDlBj!CBC
th |1 VlS!0D BI!0IlCB, DI DD DBDClDDBI Bl IBSID CB SBDIlCDS. LDDD SB~
t1uDB I!BD cDD. `N0 IB_UDID U0 BS lD UB DB fBV!BDIB CB IDCD BSID.
N l VIBDIB UB UIIl!CB DUy DCD CB D! CUBID. JB S!BDIBS BD y IBSUl~
l |1n:SlBDIB BOUII!CD. 1!BDBS BSB BSIICD IBIDDC!ID UB S0lD UI!l!ZB UDB
lll Il\0 y lDS D]DS. cSD BS IDCD.'*
tlfD lD UB BS DBS S!_D!!CBI!VD BS UB BSIBS I0CD!CBS CB VlSUBl!ZBC!0D
lD UB DB CBCD B lB fBIBSBDIBC!0D BIU!IBCI0DlCB SU BfI!CUlBI
ptu!nt C0 CDDCBIUBl!ZBC!0D, BS CBC!I, SU DBCBSBIlD _IBCD CB BOSIIBCC!0D,
U1h 0DCtB !DIBIUBSIB BDIIB Bl DO[BID y SU IBI0SBDIBCl0D. cl C!SBDD DD
nu |1(XCUSIVBDBDIB SDOIB lB OBSB CB lB SBDB[BDZB, S!DD SDOIB lB OBSB
h 0U!0S BOSIIBCIDS y UDB CDDlB[B !DSIIUDBDIBllCBC. LB BIU!IBCIUIB
lI]IUU UDB IIBDSDIDBC!0D CB lB IBB!CBC, BID UD BIU!IBCID UB !DIBD
|itbum CtIBCIBDBDIB CDD lB IBBl!CBC SB VBIB BIBl!ZBCD. LB !DBIClB~
!1 u1 l!H lDS C0C!_DS CB IBfBSBDIBC!0D BIUlIBCI0DlCDS BIDlIB Bl C!SB~
t nx0ODBDIBI CDD IBlBI!VB l!OBIIBC. !D BDOBI_D, lB BOSIIBCC!0D
9O
BS DBS UB UD IBCUISD. l \IBDB]BI CDD lDS DB\BI!BlBS BDS\IBC\DS OBl
DDBID,OB lBIDDIC!DDDOBl!D\BIVBlD,BlBIU!IBC\DUBOB BS\IUC\UIBI
IB!BC!DDBS !D\BIDBS y DDVBISB S!D IDDlBDBS BD\IB lD V!S!DlB y lD !DV!S!~
D!B. UI_B !B !DVBDC!DD y, BIBOD]ICBDBDIB, SB IDOUCB UDB BBI!BDC!B
DBSCDDlB]BUBS!lBBBI!BDCIBUBIBBlUDIDOBBI\!OB. |DIBDBlD_B
CDD !B DD\BC!DD DUS!CBl, UD CDDDS!\DI UB \UV!BIB B DBDD \DODS !DS
SDD!ODS DS!D!BS OB UDB DIUBS\B |CDDD BS DS!D!B CDD lDS DDOBIDDS
BU!DS OB S0HDg} SB_U!IB DBCBS!IBDOD lB BDS\IBCCIDD OB UDB BI~
\!\UIB BIB DI_BDIZBI y BS\IUC\UIBI SU \IBDB]D. LB V!SUBl!ZBC!DD SUDDB
UB lB BDS\IBCC!DDBS UD D0D0lC0 UB DBy UB SUBIBI, B!DIBD\B llBVBI
Bl O!SBDBODI DBS y DBS CBICB OB lB `IBBl!OBO. !D BDDBI_D, Bl DBCBIlD
DDBSCDDSC!BD\BOBUB !B IBB!IOBOBlB UB SB BIDX!DBBS,BDS!D!DB,
D\IB CDDVBDC!DD V!SUBl. |BIB DD\BDBI UD DBDB!C!D DBI_!DBl, SB OB]B OB
!BOD UDB DOBIDSB 0BIIBD!BD\BDBIB\IVB y CDDCBIUBl.
DBDUODSBBVDCB lB D!SIDI!B OB !DU\BOBSCDDDBXlICBCIDDOB lDS
DI_BDBSOB!O!DU]D.'" LB D!]B OB UDBS\DICDI!D\!D \IBZB lB SDDDIB OB lB
CBDBZB OB SU BDBD\B, UB DB OB BI\!I, BIB CDDSBIVBI SU IBCUBIOD. Ll
O!DU]D BS UD SUSI!\UID, UD IB_!S\ID BIC!Bl OB! DD]B\D BUSBD\B y OBSBB~
OD. LS\B D!S\DI!B OB !DS DI_BDBS OBl O!DU]DBSCDDBIBD\B CDD lBS \BDIBS
ClBS!CBS OB lB DDBS!S, BIDIDDlBDB\!CB OBSOBBlUD\D OB V!S\B OB !B
BIU!\BC\UIB. LD BIU!\BC\UIB Bl DD]B\D DDIBCBOB B SU IBIBSBD\BC!DD
BD Bl O!DU]D. Ll BO!!C!D SB !DB_IDB y SB CDDS\IUyB B BI\!I OB ICICSCD
0ClCDCS 0IC0CS 0CUHU000S. JBl CDDD SB CDO!ICB BD lDS SIS\BDBS
OB O!DU]D DBCBD!CD, SB !DB_!DB UB Bl DD]B\D BXlS\B OBD\ID OB UDB CB]B
\IBDSBIBD\B, lBDB\BI!Bl!ZBC!DD OBUD S!S\BDB CBI\BS!BDDOB CDDIOBDB~
OBS. LD lBS SUBI!CIBS OB !B CB]B SB IB_!S\IB Bl \IBZBOD OB lBS l!DBBS OB
IDyBCC!DDDI\D_DDBl,lB !D\BISBCC!DDOB! SIS\BDBOBIDyBCCDDBIBlBlB
CDD lBS CBIBS \IBDSBIBD\BS OB lB CB]B. JIBO!CIDDBlDBD\B B! BIU!\BC\D
\IBDB]B BDlBS SUBI!C!BS D!O!DBDS!DDBlBS OBBS\B CB]B,DD BDBlID!D
DD]B\D. Ll IDyBC\D BIU!\BC\DD!CD BS UDB CDDS\IUCC!DD V!I\UBl, UD CDD
]UD\D CIBBOD DI BI\BS BDS\IBC\BS !D\BIIB\BOBS y CDDD!DBOBS SB_D
UDBS CDDVBDC!DDBS OB IDyBCCIDD yIBIBSBD\BC!DD.
DDIB Bl DIOBDBODI OBS\IUyB lBS IBIBSBD\BC!DDBS D!O!DBDS!DDBlBS
OBlBIU!\BC\DB!DCIBDBD\BBlBVBZlBO!S\BDC!BBD\IB0S\BSylBIBBl!OBO
\I!O!DBDS!DDBl OBl BO!!C!D. Ll VBC\DI OBlBIBIBSBD\BC!DD SB !DV!BI\B, l

CB]B OB V!OI!D SBVUBlVBOB OBD\ID DBC!BUBIB. LDBlDDOBlBODDI DIOB~
DBODI, Bl BIU!\BC\D \IBDB]B O!IBC\BDBD\B BD UDB IBIBSBD\BC!DD \I!O!~
DBDSIDDBl OBl ID!D DD]B\D. LD BlBSBC!D V!I\UBl OBl DIOBDBODI BS D~
S DlB BVBDZBI y IB\IDCBOBI IB!OBDBD\B |D !DClUSD IIBDB]BI S!DUl\BDBB~
DBD\B) OBSOB lB IDyBCCDDDlOlDBDS!DDBl Bl DD]B\D \I!O!DBDSlDDBl |DI
6UUBS\D, !D\BIV!BDB UD DUBVD SlS\BDB OB IDyBCC!DDlIBIBSBD\BC!DD,
0l lBDD D!O!DBDS!DDBl OB lB IDlB BD\BllB, BID lB BC!llOBO CDD UB
UBOBOBSlBZBISB Bl DD]B\D y DDVBISBOBD\ID OB BSBBSBC!D CDDS!_UB
USBDOBIIDV!S!DDB!DBD\B SU IBSBDC!B CDDD !D\BIDBO!BI!D). LSB DD~
j0DBS\BD\DUDB SBI!BOBIDyBCC!DDBSCDDDUDB CDlBCC!DDOBDIOBDBS.
| H lU_BIOB_BDBIBIUDDDBID!D!\DOBIBIBSBD\BC!DDBSBIBCDDS\IU!I
UHDDjB\D |yB SBB BD lB DBD\B DBDBlDUDOD IBBl),\BDBDDSyB UDDD]B\D
(l0r DBODDI _IBD DDBIDOB BlBDBD\DS lDOlV!OUBlBS) CBBZOB_BDBIBI
lII\ HDBID!D!D!\DOB IBIBSBD\BC!DDBSOBSD!SDD.
LDDD CDDSBCUBDC!B, Bl BBC\D OB \IBDB]BI CDD DIOBDBODI SB VUBlVB
UDUlB\!VD. ND SB !BIOB DBOB. LDD\!DUBDBD\B SB BDBOBD BlBDBD\DS
y H0\0!lBS, SB DIOBDBD y SB BICD!VBD, \DOD BllD BD BIBC\B \IBDSBIBD~
|u BS BIIBS yB DD BSIBD DBCBSBI!BDBD\B lD\B_IBOBS BD Bl \DOD. B
jnmO BCCBOBI B CUBlU!BI BlBDBD\D BD CUBlU!BI DDDBD\D, !DOBBD~
ulnI\\0DBD\BOB lD UB lB DByB DCUII!ODBlIBOBODI. LDlU_BIOB IDCBOBI
Ii |IIIBOBlD_BDBIBlBlDBI\!CUlBI,BlO!SBDBODISBDUBVBOBlOB\BllBBl
UHjUH\D y OBl CDD]UD\D Bl OB\BllB, !DV!I\!BDOD D\BDC!BlDBD\B lBS ]BIBI~
ilIt8\IBO!C!DDBlBSOBlOlSBDD.
| uS\B\US OBl O!DU]D, y Bl ID!D IDCBSD OB O!SBDD B SU VBZ, SUIBD
\l!!+ \I0DSDIDBC!DD. UI_B UD DUBVD \ID OB BDS\IBCC!DD, UDB BDS\IBC~
I10H QUB DD BS Bl IBSUl\BOD !DBl OB UDBS DBIBClDDBS OB !OBBl!ZBC!DD
tuuCC!DD, S!DD UD DIOBD OB D!\S !DO!S\!D\D. BSUl\B CUI!DSD UB UDB
Iu In CDDSBCUBDC!BS SBB lB BBIlC!DD OB C!BI1B SBDSBC!DD OB CBSUBl!
| u |IDIl BIBOD]!CB Bl\B OB IBC!S!DD. LBS BDS\IBCC!DDBS !DDIDB\!CBS
lIU I nOICBlDBD\BIDV!S!DDBlBS, BS\BD BD!BI\BS B IBV!S!DDBS!D!D!\BS. !
t1 ut!nr OBl DIOBDBODI IBS!OB BD SU CBBC!OBO BIB DBDB]BI _IBDOBS
t\hIlO0S OB IDDIDBC!DD, Dl\!lBS VBI!BD!BS y CDO!_DS BDS\IBC\DS,
I!! IM1 lB BDB BS\BI B\BD\DS B UDB SBDS!D!l!OBO BDBI_BD\B DBC!B lBS
l |! HBC!DDBS OlB_IBDB\!CBS y lDS BIBOl_DBS DI_BD!ZB\!VDS !DIB~
| t |ID 1BDS\IBCC!DDCDD\!D_BD\B,`CDDOlC!DDBl`. l D!SDD \!BDD,BSD
1
!Hl!CB UD BlB]BH!BDD O0 lBS BlSBS CBI!OUHOIBS OB lB V!SUBl!2BC!DD
0D BVDI O0 lBS CBBC!OBOBS @0D0IB!VBS OBl DIOBDBODI CDHD HBU!DB
BOSIBCB. Ll DIOBDBODI BS UD BI0BCD IBlBC!DDBl DBIB CDD Bl !DBIVBlD
y lB O!0IBDC!B, B]0DD B CUBS!DDBS OB S!@D!!CBOD D !HB@BD. BS BOSIBC
C!DDBS UB IDOUCB SDD OB O!S!DD DIOBD, DD !BDO0D DBC!B lD UD!VBISBl,
CDHD SUCBOB B I!DC!!DS O0l S!@lD KK S!DD U0, S0DC!llBHBDB, IBlB]BD
Bl CBIBCBI CBOB V02 HBS BOSIBCD O0 UD HUDOD UB yB BSB CDHlBB
H0DB !DHBISD 0D lB 0CDDlD@B.
ND U0IIB I0SBDBI DOD BSD CDHD UD OD@HB, SU@!I!BDOD UB lB
BSBDC!B DDDlD@!CB OBl DIOBDBODI BS BOSIBCB y UB, DI BDD, IBU!BIB
UDB DIHB OB BXIBS!DD BHO!BD BOSIBCB. LB BOSIBCC!DD yB DD BS UD
!HBIB!VD CB0@DI!CD, S!DD UDB BlBCC!DD 0DI0 BDBS. Ll DIOBDBODI 0S,
BD CUBlU!BI CBSD, UDB HBU!DB !BIB!VB, O!B@IBHB!CB. LUBDOD SB IB~
OB]B CDD DIOBDBODI, BIBCB OB SBD!OD CDHD BIDVBCDBI l0DBH0DB
0SBS ID!BOBOBS BD BI!CUlBI.'"
B@UDOB 00I0SS! 0B0llBllOBO Ol@lBl
Bl VBZ S0B DOV!D, BID VBl0 lB BDB SBDBlBI\D, UB CUBDOD DDS I0BI!HDS
Bl DIOBDBODI DDIHBHBDB DD DBOlBHDS OB UD D!CD BBIBD, SIDD O0 UD
BDSBHOlB]B OB O!SDS!!VDS. Ll DIOBDBODI 0D S H!SHD I0SUlB !D!. LD
\B HByDIB OB DS CBSDS, BO0HBS OB \B HBUIDB CBlCUlBODIB, DBy O!SD~
S!!VDS O0 0DIBOB OB OBDS [Bl BClBOD, Bl IBDD, B BOlBB O!@!Bl!ZBODIB,
BC.), O!SDS!!VDS O0 V!SUBl!ZBC!DD [lB BDBllB) y O!SDS!!VDS OB SBl!OB
[0l lD0I, lB !HI0SDIB, 0C.). LX!SB UDB U0I0 BDOBDC!B, BDD BD BI~
U!BCUIB CDHD BD DIBS O!SC!l!DBS, B VBI Bl DIO0DBODI CDHD BIB O0
UD HDV!H!BDD @0D0IBl OBSO0 lD S!CD B lD V!IUBl' lB UDB OBDBl OB lB
D!C!DB S!D B0l, lDS HUDODS V!IUBlBS OB lB I0O y OB DBID0, D lBS VB@BS
IDHBSBS O0 `BDDIDDS !DBIBC!VDS. LD BSB V!S!DD, 0l DIOBDBODI 0X!S0
IIDC!BlH0DB O0DID y BD HBO!D OBl IB!CD OB !HB@BD0S 0 !DDIHB~
C!DD, CDDBCBDOD BD IBO UD O!SDS!!VD CDD DID, !D0IBCUBDOD B IBVBS
OB !D0IBCBS lDCBlBS. PDDIB yB DD CBO0 OUOB OB U0 0l DIOBDBODI BS
UDB DBIIBH!0DB !DCI0O\BHBDB DOBIDSB U0 DDS BIH!B HBD!U\BI y
V!DCUlBI !HB@0D0S BD DUBVDS OBSl!B@U0S S!D IBC0O0D0. LX!S0 C!0IB
!HBIB Bl VBI lBS CBBC!OBOBS DBIB!VBS OB\ DIO0DBODI CIBC0I S!BHI0
OB ClClD BD C!ClD B IBVS OBl HUDOD OB BS !HB@0DBS.
ND DOSBDB, S! lBS HBZClBS y lDS DOI!ODS S!BHIB IBSUlBD HBS !DB
|0BDBS UB lBS CDSBS UIBS, H0I0CB lB BDB BDSBI BD BHl!BI lBS CB~
jn\CIOBOBS !DSIUH0D\Bl0S O0l DIOBDBODI Bl HUDOD OB lDS DO]BDS. LD UB
|I\l6DD SU@BI!I Bl !DIDOUC!I UD BBI0DB DXHDIDD CDHD HB0I!BllOBO
ttgIBl` BS U0, 0D BIU!BCUIB, Bl DIOBDBODI SB VU0lVB HUCDD HBS !DB~
t nSDB CUBDOD SB CDDBCB B Bl@D O!SDS!VD UB lB BIH0 IDOUC!I
llD O!S!DD B UDB DUBVB !HB@0D. LDD BIID HB I0!BID B CDSBS BD DOV!BS
t IIIDO lDS O!SDS!!VDS O0 SBl!OB Bl !DBICBHO!D O!BI!D 0DIB lB BDBllB y
l00I D B lHI0SDIB, ODDOB SB DDB OB HBDll0SD Bl DOBI 0SBCl!CD
Ut DIOBDBODI CDHD HBU!DB OB O!OU]BI. !D BHOBI@D, BHO!D !DClUyB
| g0DBIBC!DD OB IDD!DS IB!ODS [lB IDOUCClDD OB HBUBBS IlOl
11 I\SIDDBl0S O!IBCBHBDB OBSOB lDS BICD!VDS !DDIHBlCDS), BS CDHD
l It O0 IDUBlBOD y lB BOI!CBC!DD 0D Bl ID!D IDCBSD O0 CDDSIUC
ItI. LDDS!OBIBI BSBS DBIBC!DDBS BIH!0 llBVBI Bl O0OBB BCBICB O0l
tnHuHtlODI 0D BIU!BCUIB B CUBS!DD0S CDHlB]BS SDOIB lB UBSB 0D
jII I1lC B y lB B]BCUC!DD y BOIB !HDIBDBS DS!O!l!OBO0S BIB lB IBV!S!DD
t!tt 1 IBC!CB IDBS!DDBl.
ND 6 IBB BU OB BDBI lBS !HB@0DBS S!0HIB Bl BlCBDC0 OB lB
IH01!O, !DD OB 0DCDDIBI UDB HBDBIB UB DD SBB IlV!Bl O0 llBVBI B lB
lI1]Il!0C!UIB 0SBS !DDDVBC!DDBS BD Bl 0IIBDD OB lB !HB@BD. l SB CDD!
|\ 1 t! 00DBODI 0XCUS!VBH0D0 B lBS DBIBC!DDBS OB O!S0D, S!BHIB
|II!+ 1VuDOIB DID S!S0HB OB IBIBS0DBC!DD BDIB lB IHB@BD y lB I0Bl!
t! '|It 0]BHlD, S! SB IBOUCBD lBS DIHBS CDHl0]BS @BDBIBOBS DI
tItMt D8ODI B lDS S!SBHBS BSBDOBI!2BODS OB O!HBDSlDDBOD OB lDS
Ihu d0 DOIB !D0IIBBODS DI UD CDDSIUCDI y lBVBODS B CBOD O0
II1 I 0 C DDVBDC!DDBl, Bl !HBCD OBl DIOBDBODI U0OB BD Bl@D 0XClU~
l II \t |I!0 lDIHBl. l, BD CBHOlD, SB !D0@IBIBD lBS CBBC!OBOBS 0SBC
! uH lB BOIlCBC!DD !DDIHB!ZBOB 0D Bl ID!D IDCBSD O0 OlSBD
D Inlu1C BC!0D, SB BOI!IBD DUBVBS DS!O!l!OBO0S. LBS ID!BOBOBS OBl
+!+ I1ul BSBIBD B DIHBI BIB OBl IDCBSD OB O!S0D. B DOIB ID~
I llHl 1 U0IIClB CDHl0]B y SUS IBSI!CC!DD0S HBBI!Bl0S lBS Ol
l ll UUU!I HX!HBS OB lDS BD0lBS, DI B]BHlD, D SU CBBClOBO BIB
llY U ODOlBISB DOIBD !DIDOUC!ISB CDHD VBI!BOl0S. Ll H!SHD
SIS\BDB UB _BDBIB lB \IBDB SCDIB IB SUBIICIB BD Bl ICCBSC OB OI
SBDC COIB U\IlIZBISB BIB OIII_II lB DBUIDB UB DB OB CCI\BI \BlBS
BDBlBS. Ll OISBDC, Bl CBICUIC |OB CBD\IOBOBS y OB BSUBIZCS DBCBDICCS)
y lB BDIICBC!DD BS\BIBD VIDCUlBOCS, DC DBCBSBIIBDBD\B BD BIBC\B
CCD\IDUIOBO, CCDC SBDIB \COC BUBl UB DByB U\IlIZBOC UDB \ICUB~
lBOCIB IDCIDB\I2BOB, SIDC BD UDB ID\BIBCCIDD CCDlB]B OB VBIIBDlBS
DB\BDB\ICBS, DB\BIIBlBS y OB ICCBO!DIBD\C. BDBIBD \BDBISB BD CCD~
SIOBIBCIDD lBS ICIBOBOBS OBl DUDOC IBBl. IBS VB\BS OB lB DBOBIB, lB
IBSIS\BDCIB OB lB SUBIIC!B C IB BSDBl\BZ OB UDB IBZB. LB SBCUBDCIB BD
UB SB ICOU2CBD lBS CBIBCICDBS BS IDCI\BD\B. I Bl DISDC \IBDC
SB CBlCUlBD BS CCDlB]IOBOBS \C_S\ICBS OB lB UBS\B BD CDIB, UBOB
ClBIC UB DC BS\BDCS DBDlBDOC OB UDB ICUBS\B OB \IBDSICIDD IOBBl,
SIDC OB UDB DBZClB CCDlB]B B ID\BIBSBD\B.
LB BDIICBCIDD OI_I\B! \BDDI0D UBOB ICVCCBI UB SB VUBlVBD B BD~
SBI lBS CIDUlBCICDBS DCOBIDBS OB IBB\ICIDD y BS\BDOBIIZBCIDD. Ll
DCV!DIBD\C DCOBIDC ICCDB UD ISCDCIISDC BD\IB lB BI\B y B\ \COC.
LBS IBZBS OB UD DUIC CCI\IDB, CI B]BDlC, SCD ICOUC\CS OB UDB IC~
OUCCIDD BD SBIIB IDOUS\IIB!IZBOB y, CI CCDSI_UIBD\B, IBSUI\BD IB_UIBIBS
UDB B UDB y SID!lBIBS BD CCD]UD\C. NCIDBlDBD\B SB BDSBDD!BD SB_D
CCICDBS BS\BDOBIIZBOBS, DBD\BDIBDOC ID\BIVBlCS IB_UlBIBS BIB IC~
OUCII UD \COC UB IBI\B lBS CBIBC\BIS\ICBS CIDBlBS OB SUS BI\BS. LB
IB_UlBIIOBO y lBS ICCICICDBS BS\BDOBIIZBOBS OB lBS Bl\BS SB IBI\BD
B DIVBl OBl CCD]UD\C. LB ID\ICOUCCIDD OB lB OIBIBDCIB BD OICDC SIS\BDB
SIBDIB SBIB UDB XCCDD y IBSUl\BIB OICIl ]US\IICBIlB B DBDCS U0
SB DB_B OBSOB UD UD\C OB VIS\B CIDBl C BXIBSIVC. ID BDDBI_C, lB
BDIICBCIDD OI_I\Bl BS IDOIBIBD\B B lBS CIDBS OB lB IBB\ICIDD ICIB8
OB lB ICOUCCIDD CCDVBDCICDB!. UDB DBUIDB OB CCI\B IDCIDB\IZBO8,
CBlCUlBI y CCI\BI CBOB IBZB OB UD DUIC CCI\IDB B lCD_I\UOBS OIBIBD\08,
CI B]BDlC, DC lB SUCDB DBS \IBDC UB DBCBIlBS \COBS I_UBlBS. Lt\
BS\B CBSC Bl C\BDCIBl IBSIOB BD UB lB VBIIBCIDD UBOB ID\ICOUCIISB Bl\
Bl SIS\BDB DC CCDC BXCBCIDD BX\BIICI, IB_DBD\BDOC C ICDIBDOC |U
UDIOBO OBl \COC, SIDC CCDC VBIIBCIDD OIBIBDCIBl OB lBS ICIBS BI\08
l ID\ICOUCII UDB OIBIBDCIB lCCBl UB SB BCUDUlB BIB CIBBI VBlIBCIII
SID OBS\IUII lB CCDBIBDCIB _lCDBl, SB ICOUCB UDB DCCIDD DBS CCDl0]W
y IUIOB OB! \COC.

10lCBIB DI0IBSIS. lB CIUOBO CCDC "BISB[0 OB IDClDBCI0D

iIS \BCDClC_BS BDBlD_ICBS OB ICOUCCIDD UDCICDBD CCD _IBDBOCS, \IB~
IuOCS y \IBDSBlIDlBS. LB IDB_BD UBOB CBDDIBI OB BSCBlB C OB VBlCI
CDC BD UD DB_B\IVC), BlC SU CIDB ICDDICB SB DBD\IBDB B lC lBI_C OB
jICCBSC. LBS ]BIBIUBS ID\BIDBS SB VBD IBSBIVBOBS. LUBDOC lB IDB_BD
lIIIAIBOUCB B IDCIDBCIDD OI_I\Bl CCUIIB UD CBDDIC SI_DIICB\IVC. D\BIVIB~
1H UD BSUBDB OB DC\BCIDD. LB \BCDClC_B BlBC\IDDICB OI_I\Bl B\CDIZB
y 0SuH0lZ0 0DSI0C0HD lB CUBlIOBO BDBlD_ICB OB lC C\C_IBICC C
t IH0DB\C_IBICC BD tXS y DlS O IDCIDBCIDD UB SB \IBDSDI\BD D
h1'B,CBOB DI\ BS OISCCD\IDUC, OISCCD\I_UC y BDSClU\C, CBOB UDC \IBDB SU
jtDtB IOBD\IOBO, BUDUB 1CIDBD BIIB OB UD SIS\BDB.`'" B SUS\I\UyB UD
ItIIIC OB CIIBS IDDB\BIIBlBS CI lBS \IBZBS DB\BIIBlBS OBl CD]B\C. LBS
I1uUIBS SB OIS\IIDUyBD, SB CCDBDSBD lCS VBlCIBS. LS\BS CIIBS SDlC
UlSIID_UBD UDBS OB C\IBS CCDC DBICBOCI OB CSICIDD OB UD CDOI_C.
Nu lJ0DBD DB\BIIBlIOBO DI VBlCI ID\IDSBCC. 1B BD JZJ, VIK\CI DKlCVSKy
lI!\CD Bl IBOICBl BBC\C DIVBlBOCI OB lB DC\BCIDD DB\BDB\ICB. DIBS
I|11

J A0 ]U_UB\CDBS, \IB_ICBS, UDIVBISBlBS C BI\ICUlBIBS, lBS CCSICICDBS

|!t I!\ DUDOC CCD C\IC, C OB UD _B\C CCD UDB IBOIB, SCD \COBS I_UBlBS
r1|1t1 8.''
!B DIVBlBCIDD OB lCS VBlClBS \I0DB IDlICBCICDBS BIB Bl CCDCB\C
I l uIt tCDBl OB CDOC/CBDC, C I_UIB/CDOC, \Bl CCDC SB BXIBSB DBS
l l t IIt HIBDBD\B BD BIUI\BC\UIB. LD lB IDB_BD OI_I\Bl, lB IDCIDBCIDD OBl
|lt1O
"
OBDB BS\BI IBD OBDSBDBD\B CCOIICBOB CCDC lB OBl IIDBI lBDC.
l ]10CO BD DlBDCC DC BS BSBCIC VBCC, DBy BSBCIC VBCC IBBlIIOC
I' |DOC Bl CBDC. I lB CCDCSICIDD ClBSICB ID\BD\BDB DBD\BDBI lBlB~
IIHI ClBIBS BD\IB |lguI0 C0H0, UB lB CCDCSICIDD DCOBlDB DBDB
I1II1ltIOC DBOIBD\B lB ID\ICOUCCIDD OB UD CCDlICBOC ]UB_C OB |lgUI0
/IltI @UI0, BDCIB, CCD lBS \BCDClC_BS OI_I\BlBS, \BDBDCS UB V0IDCS~
' uu uS IDlICBCICDBS OB UDB IBlBCIDD |0D00/|0D00. BIBCB IDl~
1l Ilt OB BSCBlB y SB DBCB DBCBSBIIB UDB lBVISIDD DBSICB OB lCS
| U CS CCDCS!\IVCS.
l + uDC0\C OB CDOC/I_UIB BI\BDBCB B lB BIUI\BC\UlB y Bl UIDBDIS~
lI y IOBD\IICB BSBCICBDBD\B CCD lBS \BCIBS OBl CCD\BX\UBlISDC
|11 mluS CI LClID HCwB y IBO KCB\\BI BD SU lIDIC Llu000 C00g.

"
1
DwB y DBIIBI BBlBD B lDS IIDCllDS CDHDSlIlVDS OBl CD0gB CUOISIB
CDHD UD HBCBDlSHD OB IDOUCCl0D OB OBIBDClBS lDCBlBS BD UD SlSIBHB
UB BIHBDBCB BSIBOlB y lB@lOlB. Ll VBIVD OB lDS IB@HBDIDS OBl C00gB
SlBHIB SB VBIS CDHBDSBOD DI lBS IBDOBDCIBS CDHDSlIIVBS @lDOB\BS,
CIBBDOD UD IDOD CDDBIBDIB B BIIlI OB IB@HBDIDS OlSIlDIDS B lDOlVlOUB~
lBS. U lDSIIUHBDID @ISICD IBBIlOD BS Bl OIB@IBHB OB DDOD y I@UIB,
OBIlVBOD OB\ HBB OB DHB OB lBHOBIIlSIB ND\\l OB T74. L\ DOBI OBl
OlB@IBHB OB DDODl@UIB IBSlOB BD UB BIHIIB OBSIBCBI lB CBBCIOBO
DI@BDlZBODIB OBl VBCD, Bl BSBClD Ol!CD l@UIBOD UB CDDSl@UB IBUDll
BSBCIDS OlSBIBS y CDDSIIUCClDDBS OlVBISBS. l HBB OB NDl\l BS UD IDS~
IIUHBDID DOBIDSD, BID OB]B UBIB HUCDBS OlBIBDClBS. \B BSIIUCIUIB
OB lBS HBDZBDBS, lBS B\IUIBS, lB IlDlD@B, \B IDlBOBO OB\ SUB\D, lBS lD~
IBBSIIUCIUIBS, Bl ID@IBHB, BIC. BD DIIBS BlBOIBS, lB HByDI BIIB OB
\BS VBIlBOlBS OBl UIOBDISHD CDDIBHDISDBD. LD Bl DDODl@UIB IDODS lDS
\U]DS =OB OlDBID, OB HBIBIIB, OB BDBI@B= UB OlIl@BD lB CDDSIIUCCl0D
OB lBS ClUOBOBS OB DDy BSISD BUSBDIBS.
Ll HBB OB NDlll IB@lSIIB lB IBXIUIB OB UDB CIUOBO UB DB CIBClOD DI~
@SDICBHBDIB B lD lBI@D OBl IlBHD. PUDUB IBlB]B IDOBS lBS IHBIBC~
ClDDBS, llIB@UlBIlOBOBS B lDCDDSlSIBDCIBS UB SDD IDOUCID DBIUIB\ O0
\B VlOB OB lBS ClUOBOBS BD Bl IlBHD, BS IBD S0lD lB IDSIBDISDBB OB UD
HDHBDID lDB\. JlBDB UDB UIl\lOBO \IHlIBOB CDHD DBIIBHlBDIB BIB @BS
IlDDBI D IBOBClI BSIDS CBHOlDS BD B\ IIBHD. LD Bl BDSBHlBDID UIOB
DSIlCD IBClBDIB, lDlUBDClBOD DI lB OISDDlOIllOBO OB lBS DBIlBHlBDIBS
Ol@lIBlBS, DB SUI@lOD UDB IBDOBDClB BlIBIDBIlVB` IBBDSBI lB CIUOBO CDH0
UD `BlSB]B OB lDDIHBCl0D, BS OBCII, CDHD Bl lU@BI OB lB lDIBISBCCl0D
OB HlIllBS \U]DS OB lDDIHBCl0D, IBIIDBllHBDIBCI0D y BOBIBCl0D BD 0l
IlBHD. LSD lHllCB DUBVDS lDSIIUHBDIDS @ISlCDS y UDB DIHB OlSIlDI8
OB BDSBI lBS CUBSIlDDBS OB OlBIBDCIB y CDDIIDUlOBO.
LB CUBSIl0D OB lB BIIB y B\ IDOD, OB lB OIBIBDClB lDCBl y lB CDDIlDUl
OBO @lDOBl, DB IBDCUBOD B lB ISCIlCB y B lB IBDIB BIUIBCI0DlCBS I0
ClBDIBS. BDID BD BIUlIBCIUIB CDHD BD UIOBDlSHD, lB OlBIBDClB SB Dn
CBHUlBOD BD UD BSUBIZD DI IBIDOUClI lB CDDBIBDClB lHB@DBOB O0 ln
CIUOBO IIBOClDDBl [IBDIBS OB \B IlDlD@B y OB\ CDDIBXIUBlISHD}, D Ol0D
SB DB IB@ISI!BOD CDHD UDB VlDlBDIB OlSCDDIlDUOBO |OBCDDSIIUCCl0D 0l
UlIBCI0DlCB). LB lOBB OB UD `BlSB]B OB lDDIHBCl0D SB lDSlDB 8Ul
b2
CDHD UDB VB OB SBllOB BD BSB OBOBIB D\BIlZBOD, IBDlBDOD BD CUBDIB,
DI UD lBOD, lBS CBBClOBOBS BSBClCBS OB lB DUBVB CDDSIIUCC0D y, DI
DlID, IBCDDDClBDOD UD OBSBD lB@IlHD OB OlVBISlOBO y CDDBIBDClB BD lB
lUOBO. UDB OB lBS \BCCIDDBS OB lBS IBDIBS CDDIBHDISDBBS OB lB CDH
plB]lOBO y Bl CBDS DB SlOD SU@BIlI HSS HBICBS BD lBS DIHBS OB BDSBI
P! IDOlBHB OB lB IB@UlBIlOBO y OB lB VBIlBOlllOBO, D OB lB OlBIBDClB y
t0 lB CDDBIBDClB. CSIBS IBDIBS CDDSlOBIBD lB OlBIBDClB CDHD Bl@D UB
UI@B OB lB IDlB l0@lCB OBl SlSIBHB y DD CDHD UDB lHDSlCl0D OlSyUD~
l IVB VBDlOB OB UBIB. B DBCDD, lB HBOlOB OB lB IDOUSIBZ OB UD SlSIBHB
HB IBClSBHBDIB SU CBBClOBO BIB BCDHDOBI lB OlBIBDClB SlD llB@BI Bl
tll0 CBIBSII0lCD.
DS OlB@IBHBS IDOUClODS DI B\ HDOBlD LDIlSIB\!BI SU@lBlBD DIIB
hl R CB UD BlSB]B OB lDDIHBCl0D. BSBII0llBODS DI Bl @B0@IBD UlOBDD
W l10I LDIlSIBllBI BD lB OCBOB OB !d, BSIDS OlB@IBHBS SDD SlHUlBClD~
lUlh nDSI!BCIBS OB! CIBClHlBDID BCDD0HlCD UIOBDD UB @DDIBD lDS BCCl~
lH1B5 B @IBD BSCBlB OB lB DlSIDIlB D OB lB @BD@IBB, BID UB lDCDI0
I!l\ OIBIBDClBS OB @IBDD lDD BD DIHB OB HlIllBS VBIlBOlBS y OB UDB
I1 l fDtI!lHBDIBCl0D DD llDBBl. BHUBSIIBD C0H0 Bl jUB@D BDIIB lBS lByBS
! \ l 8SUBllOBOBS IDOUCB CDDl@UIBClDDBS CDHlBjBS, BUDUB IBOB~
! !Ilt 8 @IBDOBS IBS@DS, OB DBIUIBlBZB DD ]BISIUlCB.'" Ll CDD]UDID OB
|n 1 I UDO DD VlBDB OBOD OB UDB VBZ. LB ClUOBO BS UD lU@BI OB CDDIlD~
lD IIi, UDB UDlOBO UB DD BSIS CBIIBOB Dl BIBOB, SlDD UB BS CBBZ OB
l11lt\ lDI HBISB, UB BSIS BOlBIIB Bl IBHD y S0lD BS BSIBOlB OB HBDBIB
|I lYl BJJ1Bl. l CDHBIBHDS BSIBS CDDl@UIBClDDBS B HDOD OB CBH0
I\ lD IIDCllDS DI@BDlZBIlVDS OB lB BIUlIBCIUIB ClSSlCB, BS DSlOlB
! t Bf IlDClDS CDDIIBSIBODS OB CDHOIDBCl0D UDD 0gBD/0|C0, UB
lInl+n]CDD UDlOBOBS DUHIlCBS CDHOlDBOBS BDII0 S, y DIID gB00Il/CD,
(IIt 1 tID0]B CDD l@UIBS [lDBBS, lBDDS, S0\lODS) DI@BDlZBOBS BD Bl BS
| l1! |II|B DIHBI CDD]UDIDS HByDIBS.'" D lB CDHODBCl0D Bl@BOlBlCB,
I f OI UD ID@lBHB OB DIOBDBODI, lDS BlBHBDIDS lDOBBDOlBDIBS SB
l j |I\t I\ 0D @IBDOBS CBDIlOBOBS BIB DIHBI UD IDOD lDOBIBIHlDBOD.
l 1 III! IX!8 lDCBl BS l]B, BID DD BXlSIB UD BDOBHlB]B @BDHIllC0 ODH
l\!1 l\II DBy UDB BDVDlIUIB DIHBl IBOBIBIHlDBOB. LSS BIIBS DD SDD
l P U1l\\O8 OBl IDOD, SlDD SlH\BHBDIB BlIBS. P OlBIBDClB OB lB lOBB
lll\l I!! C BIIBOB HlClIB BD lB BIUlIBCIUIB ClSSlCB DCClOBDIBl, BSIBS
bJ
CDDIDBCICDBS _BDBlBCBS Cl ClCBDBCCl UBCBD SUDBISB UDBS B C\lBS
ID BBlIDBD\BI \IBDSClDBCICDBS DClClD_ICBS.
_rUBCBD lBS CBBCICBCBS BSBClICBS CB lB \BCDClC_lB IDCIDBIICB
yUCBl B DBDB]Bl lB IDCIIBD\B CCDlB]ICBC CB B UlDBDlS\ICB BC\UBl Pl
*BDB]Bl BD\IB BI CBIBC\Bl _lBICC CB CBDC y B! DCCBIC CBlB\IVC CB
BISB]B CB IDClDBCIDD, lBS \BCDClC_lBS CI_I\BlBS DBCBD CSIDlB UDB DUB~
B BlCIDBCIDD B lBS CIUCBCBS y Bl UIDBDISDC. tl lCD!BDB CB \IBDBjBI
D lB CIUCBC CCD\BDClBDBB IDlICB BD BI\B UDB lBCCDSICBlBCIDD CB
3S CUBS\ICDBS CB CCD\lCl. _LDDC BS CSIDlB BlCD\Bl lB CCDlB]!CBC y
IDCB\BID!DBCIDD CB IB CIUCBC DBCIBD\B lBS DBICCClC_lBS CB UDB CIS~
IlIDB \lBCIC!CDBlDBD\B CCDlCDB\ICB CCD Bl CCD\lCl, lB SBBlBCIDD y
BDSBDIBD\C UDI\BlC: LB BlUI\BC\UlB y Bl UlDBDISDC, B!IDBBCCS DIS~
0lICBDBD\B CCD lB lBCICDBlICBC \0CDICB y CBCICBCCS B lB lCCUCCIDD CB
BlBCICDBS UDCICDB!BS lB_IDlBS, HBD \BDICC \lBDBDCBS CIICUl\BCBS BlB
BBDSBl SUS BBlBS UBlB CBl B]BlCICIC CBl CCD\lCl. tSB SIIUBCIDD CBCB
B SB CDB DBS CB DBDIIBS\C, CUBDCC Bl CCBI CB lB BIUI\BC\UlB SB
B BlCSICDBCC BD \CCBS BlIBS BD DBDCS CB UD BBlB\C DUICClB\ICC DI~
BI\lDICC. LD UD CBSBSBlBCC ID\BD\C CB SUBlVIVBDCIB, lB BlUI\BC\UlB
Bl UlDBDISDC DBD CUBS\C SIDlBDBD\B SU ICBB CB CICBD B lB ICBB
lB CBCS lBDIICBCIDD CCD\lB ClBCIDIBD\C IDCCD\lClBCC. NC CDS\BD\B,
S\B BS UDB ClDB CB BDSBl CB SUDB CBlC CCDCB lB BlUI\BC\UIB SDlC
|UBCB IBSUl\BI CISDIDUICB BD lB DBCICB BD UB lBDUDClB B CCD\lClBl lC
CCD\lClBDlB. rlCSBlBDCS BD !BS C!UCBCBS lBCISBDBD\B ClUB SCD
J_BlBS CB lC IDBSBlBCC, lCCUC\CS CB UD ClCBD CCDlB]C UB SUl_BD
CD Bl \IBHC.
HBBDSBI lB CIUCBC CCDC BISB]B CB !DCIDBCIDD, lBCCDI_UlBl lCS
|lC\CCClCS CBl UlDBDISDC BD \ClDC B !B I\BlBCIDD, lB lB\lCBlIDBD\BCIDD
lB BCB\BCIDD DBCIBDCC ClBCBI BI\IICIBDBD\B lB CIUCBC BD B! IIBD~
IC, BS UD DCCBlC BlB IB ID\B_lBCIDD CB lBS CBBCICBCBS CB! CICBDB
lCl BD Bl \lBDB]C CBl UlDBDISDC. U_IBlB lB DBCBSICBC CB lBCCDCCBl lCS
D!\BS CB lB CBBCICBC CB lB BlUI\BC\UIB BlB ClCBDBl lB C!UCBC y, Bl
DISDC \IBDC, CB BIBDCBl CB lBS CCDlB]BS lByBS CB BU\CIlB_UIBCIDD
[UB yB BS\BD lBSBD\BS BD B!lB. LB B\BDCIDD SB C!lI_B B lCS SlS\BDBS CB
|DBSIBCIDIBD\C y SBlVICICS, UDB !D_ICB CB lU]CS y VBC\ClBS. DlICB UDB
S\lBCDB B\BDCIDD B lBS CCDCICICDBS BIS\BD\BS, lB_lBS CUICBCCSBDBD\B
CBIDICBS BlB lBS lBlBCICDBS ID\BDSIvBS CB BSCBlB lCCBl y UDB lBlB\lvB lD~
CIBlBDCIB DBCIB lB CCDI_UlBCIDD _BDBlBl. DlICB UDB lBC CB |BlBClCDBS
CBBZ CB BCCDCCBl lB CIBlBDCIB, BlC lC DBS\BD\B lCDUS\B CCDC BlB
UCCICIBI Bl CBDDIC SID CBS\lUIl SU CCDBIBDCIB ID\BlDB. LB CIBIBDCIB
SCClBl, BSBCIBl C Cl\ICB DC SB B\BDB \BD\C CCDC SB lCCBlIZB` SB
!lBSlBCB B UDB BSCBlB DBS BICB\lDlB y DBDB]BDlB. lCD\BlBS BlDBB
DBS, lBlBClCDBS ID\BIDBS lBIDlBS, \lByBC\ClIBS Dl\IlBS y ]BlBlUlBS
UICBS SCD lBS lCIBCBCBS 1ClDBlBS CB CICDCS SIS\BDBS.
LBS DUBVBS \BCDClC_lBS UBCBD ClBCBl DUBVBS ClDBS CB \lBDB]Bl CCD
lCS CCDlB]CS ID\BlCBDDICS CB !DCB\BlDlDBCIDD CB ClCBD BD lB ClUCBC.
`tD SU SUBlICIB, BSIB lU_Bl BlBCB UD CC0_B. tD lBBlICBC, SU lCUDCI~
CBC BS UDICUB. UDB SUBlCSIClDD CB lU_BlBS DB\BlC_0DBCS, BSClIDB NI~
CDBl CB LBl\BBU. tSBS DB\BlClC_lBS DC SCD BIDI\IBlIBS B IDCCD\lClBCBS,
IDC DBS DlBD BS\BD `_BS\ICDBCBS Cl BUIlIDlICS SU\lBS y CCDBDSB\C~
|ICS UB SIlBDCICSBDBD\B _BlBD\IZBD lBS CCDlBDBD\BlIBCBCBS.'' LCDC
U_IBlBD lCS CIB_lBDBS CB LDlIS\B\lBl y C\IBS \BCllBS CCD\BDClBDBBS,
C!UBlDBD\B \BDBDCS DCCBlCS CISCDlDlBS BlB CCDCBDIl ClCBD, lBB~
!ICIDD y \IC, UB DC DBCBSI\BD VClVBl B DBCBl lBBlBDCIB B !BS DCCICDBS
\lBCICICDBlBS CB ]BIBlUlB y SIDB\lB. UD BISB]B CB IDClDBClDD lDlICB
UD DUBVC SBD\ICC CB! \CCC, DC lIDI\BCC y CCDlB\C gBlBlUICBDBD\B Cl~
CBDBCC y CBllBCC}, SlDC CBBZ CB \lBDSClDBlSB' BDIBf\C Bl \IBDC y SDlC
ICvISICDB!DBD\B BS\BDlB. HBCCDOCB UB Bl CCD]UD\C CB lB CIUCBC DC vIB~
DB CBCC CB UDB vBZ. LCDSIS\BD\B BD DUl\IlICICBCBS y CClBC\IvCBCBS, SUS
Bl\BS y IBZBS SCD lBDBDBD\BS CB DlCBDBS C lB_DBD\CS BlCICCS CB
!C\BlICBCBS UB DUDCB SB DBD IBBllZBCC. LB BlUI\BC\UIB CBDB BlBDCBl
DBDB]Bl BSB CCDlB]ICBC, Bl_C UB, BlBCD]ICBDBD\B, SDlC CClB DBCBl
CBCIBDCC CIBl\B CBD\ICBC CB CCD\lCl. HBBDSBl lB CIUCBC CCDC BISB]B
CB IDClDBCIDD y BlCVBCDBISB CB lB CBBClCBC CBl ClCBDBCCl BlB DC~
UBlBl Bl CBDDIC BD B \IBDC BS lO UB BUl SB lCCDB CCDC UD UD\C CB
BI\ICB lCVISICDBl y BBlIDBD\Bl.

` D,0SU0D0 0SlBCB0B 0 U0 0U00, BlBDB0B 0S0SB SDlBBfB0B. 0DDy US

S0l,u0000 Sf0,@fBDB00 0l 0lCyl00@00D 1.
D UD f0BS0 CBSUBl 00 UD 0UBl H00l0 00 lD0fHBCI0D, UD DH0l0 0S0ClBl S0Df0
0CD0l0@B 00l D0 N0W 70fK l00S N0g0Zl00 [Z 00 S0l0HDf0 00 1), 0DC0DfBH0S
lBS SI@Ul0D0S l00l0DCBS. `P00C00 0 S000 |P0lC0S B B V0l0Cl0B0}, UD BflCUl0 00
JBH0S0CKBDUDCl0 00 N0l0.B V0l0Cl0B0 00 BlUZ C0DfB B 00 B DBlB.D ,
S0@UD00SS00DVlBDlBS0DfBSC0H0BS00WlllBH DBK0S0Bl0

lB0UCI0BSa Z 00

BS
00S00 NU0VBT0fK DBSBHBDB, N0DlBSKB, SD SBBlS0UD V0lS0 C0H0DBI0S 00 rBUCK
NBU0D.`1BSC0D0Xl0D0S 00 BB V0l0C0B0 00UUf0 l0VBf8D `00Cl00BH0D0 0 C0H0fCl0
B B f00 0 BCC0S0 l800 y 0l V000 00 BlB 00lDlCD 0l0Sl0DBf8D lBS 0

l0f0DClBS 0Dl0
DBV0@Bf 0f Bl00 y CBHDBl 00 CBDB0DlB 0l0VSl0D D0 lZBl0.Ufm

B 0 S000
0 ll@D | HB@0.DBV0@Bf B lB V00CI0B0 00 B U, U0 00l BlCU0 00 U@0D0l0PlBD
MUBD@,CUyBBSl0D 0S DBC0f U0lBSC0SBS VByBD f0BH0D0 fl00_UDB

llHB

C0D 00l
BfISBBfy Mll.Sl8ClCBH0D0 UD D0CD0 0B00 U0lB V00CI0B0,lBf0Bl0B0 VfUB, lB
Cl0DBC0D y B IDH0lBl0B0 S0Dl0S0HBS00 BD0fBy BS SUC0SlVBH0D0.SCUfl0S0 U0
0CBS S0HBDBS H8S Bl00 BBl0CI0fB0DD0 N0W T0fK l0S UD

Bl

U0 IUlB00 000
DBSDlD0WBl |1BV0l0Cl0B0S00Sf0lB }. UBD00UD0UI0DH8DlC0DBI00lf0C0f000
V00Cl0B0 0D l0lfB |0l V0Z flH0lB S0 DB lBSBSB00 B DBfl0fB 00l S0Dl00 C0D UD V0D
CUl0 0ll0Sl0},0l BlICUl0 S0DBlBDB U0, BUDU0 0D 00lB 0S0SIDl0 VlB]Bf B V0l0Cl0B00S
CB0BV0Z HBy0l0S,0D f0Bl0B00l V0lUH0D 00 l8lC0 DB f0l00flZ000 BS V0l0Cl0B00S BD0
B0l0BSC0H00ll0Sf0Sf0S0C0 B00CB0BSBD0ll0l0S\D0 N0W 70fK l00S, 000CUDl0
0011, S0C., 8@. }. D UDC0D0X0BlUl0C0DIC0H8S 0S0ClC0,UD0ll00BDUDClBUD
N 00@l8lC0SC0D 0 0S0@BD BHDIBD00 lBv00Cl000 00lBBlUl0CUfB,0lD0fHB
00 U0 S00 U000 BSBl D0lBS DBCl0D00 UD 0IDUj0..., 0 S00 UD0S HlDU0S |HB0llBl
f0H0Cl0DB00~HN 00PfCD0CUlBfBDlCBD0Bl0S, ).
D0 N0W 70fK 1|R0S, Z 00 S0l0HDl0 001 \D0B 00 B 00lCl0D l0VlSB0B 0f 0l BU0f
0D Z). BS ClfBS 0SD ClBfBH0D0 0DS0l0BS 000H0S l00llfD0S B lB10y 00 N00l,
S0@D lB CUB B V00Cl0B0 S0 00DlBf8 CB0B 00S B0S D0 0DS

D0, 0

llDCl0 00 U

0 l
0CD0l0@B ID0lH8CB H000fDB VB0lB lB V0l0CI0B0 S0Dl0 CBSI CUBUI0l 0fB C0SB Sl@U
Sl0D00f0l0VBD0.
0 U000D ClBl HUCD0S 0]0H0S 0D 0S0 S0Dl00. Y0BS0, 0f 0j0Hl0, lB f0C0llBCl0D
0D00lK, NICDB0l |00.j, LyD0fS0C0. lfSf Sf0S,D0 Nl l0SS,BHDll0@0 |NBSS.}, 1
|V0fSl0D CBS0llBDB. LlD0f0S0Cl0. l0S fl00f0S 0S0S,0DS0[0 NBCl0DB 00l0DCIB yC
D0l0@B00 N0XlC0,U0B0 00 N0XlC0, ), BS C0H0 lB l0CI0D0 BBllCl0D 00 DUH0f00
llDl0SBCB00HlC0Sy 0UlBf0S S0Dl0 0l 0HB.C0 UKBHBD,Ul0DDBBCUDB000l0lH
D0 CyD0f0f00l ]ClD0fD0D0S00) BfB 0S0 l0 00 lCCl0D 00l00Dl0B0 0fHlDB, CBlB0DS6f
VBCl0D 00 YlVBD 0DCDBK S0Df0 lB 0CUllBf C0SH0l0@B 00 lB C0DlB0ICCl0D U0 VlDCUlB
lB BlB 0CD0IllB C0D 0 BDlHlSH0 00W 0g0, 0 0SllUBllSH0,0lD000DlSH0 y lB C0DCl0D
ClB 0lICB 00 @U0lfllB C0DlBCUUlBl 00 lB 00CB0B 00 1. UKBHBD, C0, 0f0/00l
l000flfy. D0 vlIfU0l SUD[0Cf l0 0Sf0000f0 SCl00C0 lCfl00, UK0DIV0fSly f0SS, UlD lM
, 8@. .
"YIlI0, BU y L0flD@0f,ylVf0,Uf0 W0f, 0HI00X|0), N0VBT0fK, 1.
"1D0., 8@..
DD
|0.
"1hId,
Ihld., 8@..
SS0D,BSKlB,PDBylCD0l00llBD0S. C0D0Hy BD0CUUf0H D0@l0DBlCly,0DL0lU0
hto 0CU000fS 0 +fCDlf0CfUI0 000 100ly, , , 8@..

hl10f, fl00flCD P., fBH0D0D0, llH, y0Wll0f, 0D Llf0f0fUf9, 000l0, l00f00fl00
r 8fe0S, +PlSlD0lDBl0DBl,PHS0f0BH, 11, 8@S.Z.

l V IuDD0 DB l0U0S0 UDB 0fHUB S0DClllB. I Ul0l0S 0l00DB00l0S U0 UDCl0D0D,
U U UD 0UI0 00 0IS0D0 C0HU0S0 DlCBH0D0 0l HU[0l0S SBlU0BDl0S y BClVBS C0D
!ll|IIDBS0fBSC0SBSU0DBC0f0DBVl0By 0Bl0SCBlBDlBDCB.B[0DlD@UDBCllCUDSBDCBS
tlr hu8 C0DSUlB B DB00 U0. B} 0S0 BSClDB00 0f l0S [U0@0S 00 0l00DB00l. D} l0D0B B
il tb D0DB0BSBSC0D0l0lHlD0 `SU0f@UBycl D00D@BH8SU0DBC0f0DlB V0BU0
[:igiittear C0DlBSCD0ffB0BS0SBSD0CD0lBSD0CD0. llBDD00Dl0VlSB000fh0VlD h0~
|Iy, ttt\ W|t00 HBy000b 8@.b.
Illt., 8@. T4.
l V1U1 H0DD, lBDSBl0DS l0H 0lBWlD@ 0 DUl0lD@, 0DA 0S, Z, V0lBD0 00,
l $ , f0C0llB00 0D.I00Sl0fl00S f00 0I0Wl0g f0 DUll0l0g 00 0fD0f 0SS0$, P UDll~
nl |tn\8. L0D0f0S,1, 8@S. b~1 |V0lSl0D CBS0llBDB.lB0UCCl0D0S00l0lDU[0 Bl00l~
l 1u,ut\ I I00UCCl000S, 0l0llBll0~0X0S,YBl0DCtB,Zb, 8@S.1Z1).
I n VI U0DZBCl0D 0Sf00UC0 00lS000.lBC0BH0S lBBllHBCl0D fB0lCBl 00 ll0~
PI P hll0f00 U0"0S0W0f0 D0 0XlS0BHDl0DBf0C0lBU0BUDBH0S0D lB0l~
N ln I0lBBDSlBCCl0D'S0SI@DlICBU0UlllZBH0Sl0S0l00DB00f0SCUyBBlUl0CUfB
VIttI\ d 0B C0H0 Bl0BC0 SlC0,C0D 00BS SUSl0SllCCl0D0S BlllCIBl0S. f0S MBS~
In I 0 Il000D hIl0f,fl00llCDP.,D0f0SD0S0WBl0,0D 0D0D0IH,PlBD|00.},0l0g
lIl N0I SD[0CflvlQ LUSlBDlBf0SS,NU0VBT0lK,1, 8@..
nI u K,YlVBD,`D0 SC0D0 0 D0SCl00D' 0WBl0S B D0D0H0D0l0@y 0CD0HBIC BD0
1U0S0DC0, 0D H0Sfflt, , 1, @. b, ClB000D UKBHBD,C0,0. Clf.,
l!Id
lllV8Ky,YIK0l, CIB00 0l NBDl000BUfl 0D`D0 0IBl0ClCS 0 D0 BVBD@Bl00. l~
t l lS0DS0lD,0D 0Slfl00S, , lDVl0lD00011, @.1.
1 w, 0lU,h000l, f00,L0l0g0 Clfy, D0N l0SS,BHDlI0@0 |NBSS.},1 |V0lSl0D
I ||1|n LIu000 C00g0,0l0fBlUSBV0ll,BfC0l0DB,').
!t l0n U0 H000l0DllSBll0l0XlBI00 00.fl@0@lD0,llyB, 0D@0lS,lSBD0ll0,f00f 0Uf
I No0S00W 0l0l0gU0 WlfD 00fUI9, BDBH00KS,NU0VBT0lK,14, 8@. 11 ySS.
l1mn 00SBfl0llB0DHl0DSBy0L0D0IC0D0S00CBH0 |V0BS00lC0H0D0l0N0
I l 0lI|Cl0 00lDBKlPDBl0S}.
t1 k\l,NCR 00,!D000lHlD0,0DL`l0v00fl00 0U QU0fl0l00 ]v0l.+IfS 00 0lf0), 0ll0~
Ilhi\lttt, llS, |V0lSl0DCBS0llBDB.1D000lHlDB00, 0D L0 l0v00Cl00 00 l0 C0fl
| il 1 +II0S 00 D0C0I|, DV0fSl0B01D0l0BH0flCBDB,lU0B000N0XC0,).
D
| : UCS3[3TlClCl UC iDS lU6lLlCDS
|.l\ CSl3lU3Tl73ClCl 3lUlLCCLCl1C3
l |1 13 CT3 UC 13 TC[TCUUCLll1lU3U UlglL31
NuIl0LBl0
IIIb
l |\ nl@DHDH0DIDO0IlDC!!DSO0lBO0CBOB O0 199U, BSD0IIBH!0DIBS
Ug Il00S O0 O!S0DD y IDOUCCI0D !DOUSII!B 0H0ZBIDD B !DS!IBI DU0~
! l0DIBS SDDI0 0 O!S0DD, y DS BIU!I0CIDS y DS I00I!CDS 0H0ZBIDD
f1 t HSBI U0 DOIBO!S0DBIS0y CDDSIIU!IS0O!@!IBH0DI0 B@DDU0vDO0
l!\ uWIB!D0O!IB. LS0 U0 0 I!DC!ID O0 B I0vDUC!0D Ol@!IB 0D B BIU!
l+ l |IIB, U0 DDy yBvB DI B H!IBOO0SUS0@UDOBO0CBOB.
'IH U O!0Z D U!DC0BDDS 0S UD 0IDOD DBSIBDI0 BI@D 0D I0IH!DDS O0
H QDSU0|DI0ID0I. LB`0XUD0IBDC!B!IIBC!DDBU0HBIC0BD!SIDI!BO0
|tttt 0HII0 DS BIU!I0CIDS y BS DU0vBS I0CDDD@BS B !DB0S O0 BSB
I+ tiIlOnO IBCI!CBH0DI0 yB DB O0SBBI0C!OD y, CDD B BBI0DI0 IB0D
l1 Rl |0t\ O0 I!IHD O0 DS CBHD!DS, DD BI0C0 !DBID!BOD O0I0D0lS0 B
tIt1l+tI i\ IBS._LUB 0S0D0D0!CIDD0IDO0U!DC0BDDSO0O!S0DD O!@!IB
ju1IH0I0 v!SIB, BCDDS0CU0DC!BHBS0IS!SI0DI0y v!S!Dl0 O0 BS I0CDD~
I @l l t1!@IIB0S 0D BIU!I0CIUIB BI0C0 S0I, 0XIIBDBH0DI0, B I0ODDO0Z.
I1D!DIHDSD. OUIBDI0 BHByDI BII0O0DS I!HDS U!DC0BDDS DS Ol
l O!@!IB0S DBD 0]0IC!OD y O00DOlOD B I0ODDO0Z. P@UDDS O0
I U!ICIDS O0 BIB I0CDDlD@B HBS !C0D!CDS O0 B O0CBOB O0 199U SDD
|+|ltI8, lU!ODS, DBDODS,BCC!ODS D 0X!Dl0S, B v0C0S D]DS D BIU
l\l!: 11uHDS v!SID Z00!D0S,DUIDU]BS y DDIIDD0S. PUDBSB 0HBIB
I!11 I6CDDID@BSOl@!IB0SyBSDIHBSI0ODDO0BOBSU0CBIBCI0l!Z0
j\
1
l1\Blll6 BS0S O0 B I0vDUC!0D Ol@!IB 0D BIU!I0CIUIB DD U0 UDB
dt 0 D!SIDI!B, S0 IIBIBDB O0 B CDDS0CU0DC!B IBC!DDB O0 vBIIBS
l l l1 C DD0@!CBSy CUIUIB0SCDD IBC0SIDUDOBS.
| |I\ IIlu I0S0DIBOB 0l Z O0 S0l0RDf0 O0 Z 0D 0I0SD l L0D0I0DClB D~
nuI ubt0 MlS0I!BS O0l PII0 O0 l0S N0Ol0S O0 L0RUDICBCt0O, Ll0OCIB 0CO0l0@B
l Pl1 O| BD N0W N0OlB DSlU0 lNN) BD NBl0DBl BIX, lDIB, LBDBO8,
plw |uIn0/T O0 0CUDf0 O0 Z
L CBCDDS\IUC\IVISDD BIUI\BC\DDICD, UB llB@D B SU UD\D Bl@ICD B IDBBS
CB lB CBCBCB CB J D IIDCIIDS CB lB CB J, RBOB DDBD\BCD UD BD\DI~
DD IBC\UIBCD CB CISDDBDCIB y CISCDD\IDUICBC, BIB\BXIS y BD@UBIICBC. ID
BDOBI@D, CDDD OIBD SBOBD lDS RIS\DIIBCDIBS CBSCB lDS \IBDDS CB MBIDII~
CR WDlID, lBS DIDBS \IBDBD UDB \BDCBDCIB OIBD CDDDCICB B lUC\UBI CB D
BD@UBI B lD CUIVIDBD, CB B BIB\BXIS B lB SID\BXlS. LB CBCBCB CB J DD
BS UDB BXCBCIDD. \IBS lDS BXCBSDS CB lB BD@UlBICBC CBCDDS\IUC\IVIS\B, Bl
IBOD\B BIB IDBVI\BOlB. LB IBVDUCIDD CI@I\Bl CB lB BIUI\BC\UIB SB CIUZB BD B
CBDIDD CDD BS\B D\IB \BDCBDCIB, BDlIICBDCDB DIDICBOlBDBD\B.
LDDSICBIBSB BS\B DD\BOlB CBCBDB CB CDIDCICBDCIBS. UD IDlUyBD\B ll~
OID CB IlBS 1BlBUZB, L /0gU0, UOlICBCD DII@\DBlDBD\B BD IBDCBS BD
1 y \IBCUCICD Bl ID@BS BD J,' IDCUB UD CB\UlD SDOIB lBS DB\B
DB\ICBS CB B CDD\IDUICBC y Bl CBlCUlD CIBIBDCIBl CB LBIODIZ, CDD IBB
I0DCIBS B lBS DUBVBS RBIIBDIBD\BS CBl CISBD BSIS\ICD DI DICBDBCDI y
B lB IDCUCCIDD DCUS\IIB, BS CDDD B SUS UDCBDBD\DS DB\BDB\ICDS.
Pl DISDD \IBDD, Bl@UDDS CB lDS ID@IBDBS CB SDRW0/0 DBS DUBIBS
BIB Bl CISBD BSIS\ICD DI DICBDBCDI DDBD VBIIBS BDIlIBS CB UDCID
DBS CDD\IDUBS, @BDBIBCBS DI Bl@DII\DDS, BD DBDDS CB CISBBCDIBS CDD
IDClIDBCIDDBS RBCIB D CI@I\B DI \DCD Bl DUDCD, UIBDBS lBS BlICBI8D
DCBBDCIBD\BDBD\B CB SU BIICIB DB\BDB\ICB. B OBSB DB\BDB\ICB C0
BSBS IIDBIBS RBIIBDIBD\BS BIB Bl CISBD y lB IDCUCCIDD IDCUS\II8l
BIB, BD SU DByDI BIB, lB CB lB CDD\IDUICBC DB\BDB\ICB CB LBIODIZ, UD8
DB\BDB\ICBS CB CBIIVBCBS y UD\DS CB IDlBXIDD [UB 1BlBUZB CBDDDlD0,
CDD @IBD DI\UDB, `IB@UBS` D `/S}, IBZDD DI lB UB lBS DIDBS y SU 0f
lCBS SUBVBS y CDD\IDUBS BCUIIIBIDD IBBDIDBDCIB BS\B\ICB B IDBlBS C
B CBCBCB CB 1 Bl SD|W0/0 CB CSBDD CB IDBlBS CB DIlBDID BIB Iu
lIB@UB y BD\I~BD@UlD. JIBS Bl lIB@UB, llB@D Bl OUl\D y \IBS Bl OUl\D, l8 Dl
CB @BDDB\IBS \DDlD@ICBS UB OBIIID OIBVBDBD\B B BSCBDB B IDBlBS U
lB CBCBCB. 1BSUBS, BD CUBlUIBI CBSD, llB@D Bl CIBC.
P lD lBI@D CB |B SB@UDCB DI\BC CB lB CBCBCB CB J, B IBCDDC0Z Ul
@I\B SB RIDCRBOB B B BI UB lDS BZBIBS CBl NP1P y, CDDD BS\B U!\
DD, SB VIDD BOBjD y DD CDDSI@UID lBVBD\BI CBOBZB. LDDD DCUIIID CDD I\\lI
CRDS CB lDS BXCBSDS UB RBOBD CBIBC\BIIZBCD lD UB SB VIDD B llBDPI
DUBVB BCDDDDB, B CISBD CI@\Bl CByD BD CBS@IBCIB \IBS Bl CIBC C0 II6
\BCDDlD@ICBS y CUIBDB lDS CIS\UIOIDS SDCIBlBS, Dl\ICDS y DIlI\BI0S qH0

lt I@UIBIDD. LD Bl BDOIBD\B DBS SDOIJD, y B VBCBS CB BIIBBD\IDIBD\D,
DS\BIIDI B Z, B! CISBD y lB IDCUCClDD BIUI\BC\DDICDS OBSBCDS BD
t l DICBDBCDI UBIDD IDClUICDS BD lB CB\B@DIB DBS BDlIB y @BDBIBl CB
|QUI\BC\UIB DD BS\BDCBI. ND DOS\BDB, BD BXlSB CIBID CBSBCUBICD
UDIB lD UB SI@DIICB BIUl\BC\UIB DD BS\BDCBI, B DBDUCD SB lB CBIDB
I\ I0IDIDDS UIBDBD\B VISUBlBS, BID lD UB lB CBIBC\BIIZB DD BS \BD\D
lI WSBC\D SIDD CDDD BS\B RBCRB.
1l6 UDClDDBS CDD\IDUBS @BDBIBCBS DI B@DII\DDS UBCBD U\IlIZBI
uI8 IDCUCII BlBDBD\DS IDCIVICUBlBS, BID \BDOIBD BIB CIBBI SBIIBS
l!\1 IlIS D BDIlIBS CB BlBDBDDS. LD BS\BS SBIIBS, \DCDS SUS BlBDBD\DS,
tIt\QUB CIBIBDClBCDS DI IDCIBDBDDS, CDDBI\BD UDB DB\IIZ Bl@DI
IUH u LD SU CBIDlCIDD \BCDICB DBS SBDClllB, IDCUCClDD DD BS\BDCBI
IDCUCCIDD BD SBIIB CB BI\BS DD ICBD\ICBS. UDB SBIIB DD BS\BD
Im DD SB CBlDB DI Bl BlBDBDD lDCIVICUBl UB lB CDDDDB, SIDD DI lBS
ym UB CBDOID CIBIBDCIBl UB @BDBIBD lB SBIIB, lD UB CUBD\B BD UDB
t I Hl DD BS\BDCBI BS Bl CIBIBDCIBl BD\IB SUS BlBDBD\DS, DD lDS B\IlOU\DS
lW ICDS CB CBCB UDD CB BllDS, JDClUyBDCD lBS DIDBS VISUBlBS, UB
1u HuDCUIIII CUBlUIBI CDDI@UIBCIDD.
| IW CBlDICIDD CB lB SBIlBlICBC DD BS\BDCBI IDllCB UDB lDVBISIDD
Ilu\R CBl BIBCI@DB DBCBDICD UB DDS BIB BDllIBI RBS\B RBCB
l1 I! DCD LSB BIBCI@DB SB IlUS\IB BIBC\BDBD\B DBClBD\B UDB CB
l1tI DDlD@BS UDCBCIDDBlBS CB lB BIB DBCBDICB. lB IDIBD\B. LD UDB
hl] I#l1H, Bl DDlCB DBCBDlCD BS\BDB SICBDBD\B lB DlSDB DB\IIZ BD
ll!!ll CDIBS. LB CDDBCCIDD CB lB DB\IlZ IBUIBIB UDB IDVBISIDD IB
B\lVB, CB BR UB IBSUl\B ID\BIBSBD\B IDIlDlI \BD\BS CDlBS
II!! UU DSlOlB, UBS CUBD\BS DBS CDIBS IDIBSBS, DBS OBIBD SBIB

jr IJ\lBI. LD Bl@D lU@BI CB lB SBIlB SB BDCUBD\IB Bl lDI\B BD\IB lB
l 1H1 y1i\ @BDBDCIB, Bl UD\D CB IDlBXIDD. PCBDBS, SI \DCD VB OIBD y DD
|1IIUlICH BCCICBD\BS DI CDD\ID@BDCIBS, \DCBS lBS lDIBSIDDBS SBIBD
ID!l D P DBDUCD, BSD SUDDB UDB VBD\BjB, B VBCBS UD IDCDDVBDlBD\B y
P i t U8 IIIBlBVBD\B, BID, BD CUBlUIBI CBSD, BS IDBVI\BOlB. LB IDCUC~
l IlUl BBClI BD SBIIB @BDBIB BCDDDDBS CB BSCBlB CDD lB CDDClClDD CB UB
l i tI\lCUlDS CB lB SBIlB SBBD lCBD\ICDS, CDDD BD UDB lDBB CB ID~
|0D lIIHlJCIDDBl. I SB UIBIB UD BlBDBD\D CIBIBD\B, CBOB BDBZBISB
I!IIt Vn
y BSUDIISB Bl CDS\B CB SU UBS\B BD D8ICDB.
1
cD CBHOID, lBS BCDDlD_BS OI_IBlBS BlICBOBS SIHUlBDBBHBDB Bl OI~
5BDD y B lB IDOUCCIDO IDOUSfIBl UBOBD _BDBIBf lBS HISHBS BCDDDHBS
3B BSCBlB fDOUCIBDOD Bl HISHD IBHD UDBS SBIIBS BD lBS QUB DODS lDS
3lBHBODS SDD OIBIBDBS, BUDQUB OBDfD OB UDDS lHIBS. LB BOBlD_B
JB lB IHIBDB SI_UB SIBDOD VBlIOB. CDHBIBHDS lBS BCDDlD_BS OB lB
HIBSIDD HBCBDICB CDD lBS OB lB IHfBSIDD OI_IBl. LDD UDB HfBSDIB
BSBI, B CDSB OB IHfIHIf H!l VBCBS UDB HISHB B_IDB BS IO0OICD Bl
`DSB OB IHfIHII HIl B_IDBS OIBIBDBS BD Bl HISHD DIHBD |SID IDClUII
!l CDSB OB lB BUDIB OB lBS B_IDBS, UBS BD DUBSID HBfCBOD, Df fB~
lB _BDBIBl, lB BUDIB OD IBDB CDSB Bl_UDD). LDS H!SHDS fJDCIIDS QUB
|BBIHIOBD lB IHfBSIDD OB UDB B_IDB UBOBD BlICBISB BHOI0D B lB
IDOUCCIDD OB DO]BDS fIOIHBDSIDDBlBS. fBCIBS B lB IDB_IBCIDD BDfB
l OISBDD CDHUBIIZBOD, !B fDOUCCIDD y !BS BCDDlD_BS OB IBOSHISIDD
IIBCB OB BICDIVD IDDIHBICD B BOIICB fDOUCDfB, DS DO]BDS OISBDB~
DS y OIHBDSIDDBODS BO UDB BDBl!B OB DIOBDBODI SB UBOBD CDDSfUII
UDHBICBHBDB CDD HBQUIOBfIB IDODIZBOB, CDHD SI SB IHIIHIBfBD,
D IBS OIHBDSIDDBS, S!D IDBIVBDCIDD DUHBDB Bl_UDB. PD DD DOBHDS
IDOUCII CBBOfBlBS _DICBS OB BSB HBDBIB, BID, CDD SUS lHIBS y OB]D
BIBS CDDOICIDDBS, lB IDOUCCIDD OB IDDIDS, lB BSBIBDlID_IBB, lB
BQUIDBf!B OB DfDBBOD LNL y DIBS DBIfBHIBDBS OB IDOUCCIDD CDO~
OlBOBS OI_IBlHBOB yB UBOBD fBBI B lB VIOB lDS OISBDDS OI_IBlBS, DI
JCIIlD OB Bl_UDB HBDBIB, y IIBOUCII BICRIVDS OI_IBlBS OIIBCBHBDB B
JBDS fIOIHBOS!DDBlBS.
LUBDOD lDS DO]BDS SB OISBDBO y SB fDOUCBD BD SBfIB OB BSB DIHB,
lBOBD IOIDOUCIfSB VBfIBCIDOBS IDOIVIOUBlBS SID DID_D CDSB BOICIDDBl
CBD, UDB VBZ HBS, lDS OBl OISBDD}. B BD QUB lBS f_IOBS lByBS OB lB
OOUCCIDD HBCBDICB BD SBfIB DD SB BlIQUBD B! BDDIDD OI_IBl B IBID~
CCIDD IO0DICB DD BOBIBB lB IBfDOUCCIDD OI_IBl. cD CDDSBCUBDCIB,
3BS lBS OBSBS OB lB fBIDOUCCIDD IO0DICB y OB lB BSBDOBIIZBCIDD OBl
JOUCD QUB DBCIBIDD CDD Bl BDDfDD HBCBDICISB OB]BIBD OB BXISII CDD
BU_B OBl OUBVD BDDIOD OI_IBl.
LB lD_ICB OB lB IDOUCCIDD BD SBIIB B HBDUOD UB IOBIIBBOB, IB
BZBOB D BXlDBOB y, IDBlHBDB, SUOlIHBOB DI BfQUIBCDS y BIISBS
Bl SI_lD I BCBBHDS lB lD_ICB OB lB fDOUCCIDD HBCBDICB, BIB
3SB_UIf BCDODHBS OB BSCBlB OBOBHDS IDOUCIf BD SBIIB, y BIB ID~
OUCII BD SBfIB OBOBHDS fBIDOUCII IO0DICBHBDB. LDD B ID OB DIBCBf
fDOUCDS HB]DIBS y HBS OBIBDS B HBS _BDB, OBOBHDS DfBCBI Bl HIS~
HD IDOUCD B DOD Bl HUDOD. cSD lDClUyB lBS CBSBS, QUB HUCDDS BIQUI~
IBCDS HDOBIDDS CDDSIOBIBOBD CDHD UD IDOUCD. ID BHOBI_D, lB BC
ODlD_B BDDIB DB CBHOIBOD. DOBHDS SB_UII BIBCIBOOD lD IO0DICD DI
UOB SBIIB OB IBZDDBS, BID BO Bl HUDOD OI_IBl B IBIDOUCCIDD IO0DICB
BS IIIBlBVBDB OBSOB Bl UOD OB VISB OB lDS CDSBS. NIl CDIBS IO0OICBS
D HIl VBfIBDBS OISIDBS OBl HISHD IDDID OI_IB UBOBD IDOUCIISB
CDD lB HISHB HBQUIDB Bl HISHD CDSB DI UDIOBO. LDDDCIOB BHOI0D
CDHD BISDDBlIZBCIDD BD SBIIB, BSB OUBVB BIDXIHBCIDD B B fDOUCCIDD
SU_IBIB UD _IBD CBHOID OB BIBOI_HB BD DUBSID BODfDD 0CDICD B IH~
lICB CBHOIDS SDCIBlBS y CUlUfBlBS I_UBlHBDB IHDIBDBS BO CDHD DB~
CBHDS !BS CDSBS, BD CDHD USBHDS y VBHDS lDS DO]BDS HBDUBCUIBODS,
Bl l_UBl QUB BD CDHD lDS DO]BDS HBDUBCUIBODS UBOBD IBIBSBDBI
SI_DlICBOD y VBlDI, IDClUIOD SU VBlDf OB HBICBOD.
LDS DO]BDS BfQUIBCDDICDS IDOUCIODS OI_IBlHBOB, BISDDBl!ZBODS
BD SBfIB, UBOBD BOBBISB OBOID OB UDDS lHIBS, I_UBl QUB DCUIIB CDD
lDS DO]BDS fBOICIDDBlBS DBCDDS B HBDDS, BID SID lDS CDSBS OB lB ID
OUCCIDD BfIBSBDBl UBOBD fDOUCIfSB BO SBfIB CDHD SB DBCB CDD lDS
DO]BDS HBDUBCUfBODS, BID SIO Bl IOCDDVBDIBOB OB lB IBIDOUCCIDO
|O0DICB. cD Bl HB]DI OB lDS CBSDS, B IBfDOUCCIDO OIBIBOCIBl OB lB BfB
OI_Bl UBOB CDHOIOBf lBS VBDB]BS OB lB IBIDOUCCIDD VBIIBOlB OB lB
BIB BIBSBDBl CDD lBS OB lB IDOUCCIDD BD SBIIB OB lB BfB HBCBDICB, SID
lBS OBSVBDB]BS OB UOB y OB DIB. cO HUCDBS DCBSIDOBS BD QUB UDB BllB
UDICB DD SIIVB BIB DODS, BOD lIBIBl CDHD I_UIBOBHBDB, DOBHDS
BDICIBI QUB SB B!ICBIBD lBS BCDDlD_BS OB lD DD BSBDOBI CUBDOD BS
I0D OISDDIOBS y SBBD SDSBDIOlBS. LUBDOD BSD DCUIIB, BDOIBHDS QUB
BfDDBf lDS HUCDDS y OIVBISDS IBDS OB UD BDDIDD DD BSBDOBI.
JDOD BSD DOIB BIBCBI UOB HIDUCIB, BID SB CDOVIBIB BD Bl_D _IBD~
OB CUBDOD SB HIfB CDD BISBClVB DlSDIICB. UfBOB Bl_UDDS SI_lDS DB~
HDS VIVIOD BD UO BDDIDD VISUBl y 0CDICD CBIBCBIIZBOD DI IHB_BDBS
fBBIOlBS OB UDB HBDBIB BXBCB. cD CDDSBCUBDCIB, BDDIB BDOBHDS B
BDSBI QUB lD SBIIBOD IDVDCB lD IO0DICD. cD Bl HDHBOD BD QUB Bl DUB
VD BIBOI_HB OI_IBl fBBHlBCB Bl VIB]D BIBOI_HB HBCBDICD, BDOIBHDS
QUB BIBDOBI B BSDCIBI lB SBIIBlIOBO CDO DUBVBS DIHBS OB VBIIBOIlIOBO.

LB S0I!Bl!CBC DD 0S\BDCBI CI0B C!0I0DC!BS 0D lB I00\!CIDD. LDS 0l0D0D

\DS C0 B D!SDB S0II0 DD 0S\BDCBI U0C0D VBI!BI C0D\ID C0 UDDS D!\0S,
0ID C0O0IBD S0I \DCDS S!D!lBI0S DBS\B C!0IlD UD\D U0S\D U0 C0O0D
0DDBI\!I Bl@UDDS B\I!OU\DS. S0 @0D0IBIDD CDD lDS D!SDDS Bl@DII\DDS y
50 IDCU]0IDD DI lBS D!SDBS DBU!DBS. CI0I0DC!B C0 lB !DI0S!DD
D0CBD!CB, U0 IDCUC0 C0 DBD0IB !C0D\!CB, B !DI0S!DD Bl@DI\DCB @0
'10IB SID!lI\UC0S. LD 0S\0 DU0VD 0D\DIDD \0CD!CD y VISUBl, lD S!D!lBI I0SUl\BIB
+\BS !DDIlBD\0 U0 lD !C0D\!!CBOl0 y lD !C0D\ICD. !@DDS CI0I0D\0S 0ID
5!D!BI0S DCIBD \0D0I 0 D!SDD S!@DI!CBCD. LD 0S\0 DU0VD 0D\DIDD DD 0S
.BDCBI \0DCI0DDS U0 BI0DC0I B UDC!DDBI CDD 0l UD!V0ISD C0 lBS DDIDBS
Il@DI\D!CBS !DV!S!Ol0S, U0 I00DBZBIB Bl V!0]D DUDCD C0 lBS DIDBS V!~
UBl0S 0XBC\BD0D\0 I00\IO0S 0D U0 DBOI\BDDS, BIB DB D BIB O!0D,
J0SC0 DBC0 U!D!0D\DS BDDS.
J0DCI0DDS U0 BI0DC0I, C0CB. HU0S DD. 0SU0S C0 \DCD, DDS BS
1BDBDDS O!0D SD lDS 0S\BDCBI0S D0CBD!CDS y S!D SUS IDCUC\DS 0 !CD
TDS I0IDCUC!CDS D0CBDICBD0D\0 CUIBD\0 OBS\BD\0 \!0DD. 1Bl V0Z S!D
1l0D0D\0 \0D@BDDS U0 I0BI0DC0I. TB CDDS\IU!DDS DUCDB BIU!\0C\U
B BC0\BOl0 BD\0S C0 BU@0 C0l BIBC!@DB D0CBD!CD. J0D0DDS IBZDD0S
JBIB C0CUCII U0 S0@U!I0DDS 0D 0l D0@DC!D C0 lB BIUI\0C\UIB BD\0S C0
]U0 0 BIBC!@DB D0CBD!CD DByB C0SBBI0C!CD. DC0DDS C0CUC!I, IDClU~
|D, U0 0 0D\DIDD V!SUBl CDDIDBCD DI B@DI!\DDS C0l U\UID !DD!D0D\0
!0D0 C0 D0CDD Bl@D 0D CDDD CDD 0l 0D\IDDD V!SUB 0D U0 V!V!DDS BD\0S
0 lB 0IB C0 lB I0IDCUC!O!l!CBC D0CBD!CB.
LD UD 0D\DIDD DD 0S\BDCBI, 0l @0D0ID C0 Bl@DI!\DDS !]DS \!0D0 DBS
|0SD U0 lBS 0S0C!0S VBI!BOl0S C0 DDID@0D0S!S !D!D!IB. LD VS0IBS
|0 B I0VDlUC!DD Cl@!\Bl, !ll0S 0l0UZ0 !D\IDCU]D CDD 0X!\D lB DDC!DD C0l
D]0C|0 BIB C0!D!I Bl@D S!D!BI B lD U0 DDy llBDBDDS UDB S0II0 DD
S\BDCBI. 0D \0ID!DDS !lDSD\CDS, UDB S0I!0 DD 0S\BDCBI 0S SIDl0D0D\0
D DO]0\D @0D0I!CD. 0ID @0D0ID y 0S0CI0 DD SDD \0ID!DDS DU0VDS, SDD
I!S\D\0l!CDS y 0SCDlBS\!CDS. Ll @0D0ID C0!D0 BDIlIBS D ClBS0S C0 BCDD~
9C!D!0D\DS U0 \!0D0D Bl@D 0D CDDD, lB 0S0C!0, 0\!DDlD@!CBD0D\0,
!@D!CB 0l BS0C\D C0 0SDS SUC0SDS, SU BBII0DC!B, lD U0 0D 0l DUDCD
!@!\B, CDDD 0D 0l DUDCD I0D0CBDICD, 0S B D0DUCD VBI!BO0 0 !DI0
0C!O0 C0D\ID C0 DS lIDt\0S C0 CBCB ClBS0 D CDD]UD\D. LSB CUBl!CBC 0S
OlBS\!CB, S0@D UD BDDSD 0DSByD C0 LIW!D BDDSky, 0S\B 0D B OBS0
4
C0 lB BIU!\0C\UIB @D\!CB. ID0D\BCB BDDIB DI lB 0l0C\I!C!CB, S0 DBllB
0D lB OBS0 C0l 0D\DIDD C!@!\Bl DD 0S\BDCBI C0 lB BC\UB!CBC. LS\0 0S UD
DUDCD U0 SBD\D JDDBS C0 U!DD y BD B\\!S\B lO0I\! DCIBD I0CD
DDC0I, 0ID N!0S VBD C0I HDD0 DD DCIB, y H0D hDDlDBBS IDOBO0D0D~
\0 DD U0IIB. LS UD DUDCD 0D 0 U0 lBS VBI!BC!DD0S SDD lB DDIDB, lDS
|C0D\ICDS lB 0XC0C!DD, CDDD DBOB S!CD S0DI0 0D CC!C0D\0 DBS\B lB
H0VDlUC!DD DCUSlI!Bl y, DI C!0IID, \Bl CDDD BI0C0 U0 S!@U0 DCUIl!0DCD
0D lB DB\UIBl0ZB.
0\0UZ0, Il0S, L0 HI. L8/0n|2 6 0 0OlOqu0, LUIII0DS U0 NlHUI, 8IS, J

\V0ISl0H ID
g0S8. r0I0. L8I0n2 On0 I06 D0l0U6, UDIV6ISIy 0 NHD6S0I8 I6SS, NH680l|S, 1J. L8
V0fS!0H C8S\6l8H8 Q0_u0 8IO0S, 8IC0l0H8) u6 uDlIC8O8 0H Jd U0 LO.|.
D
l3 3TQTlE0TT3 _ D VlTT3i
3013 Tl3 DTEV3 T3ET131U3U
DI0DB C0D
ZUU4
L\ BvBDCB OBl OSBHD O@Bl SB IBSBDB B DBDUOD CDDD UDB BDBDB
ZB B UDB OB lBS ODBDSDDBS BSBDCBlBS OB lB BIUBCUIB lDS BSBCDS
CDDCIBDS OB lBS BCDDlD@BS OB lB BOCBCDD y lB CDDSIIUCCDD BD UDB
BlBDIB, SU DBBIlBlOBO. LSB BS lB IBDCUBCDD UB, DI B[BDlD, DB
DIBSB bBDDBD IBDDD BD SU DDIB IBCBDB, BDBZBDOD DI SU llDID
L8|u0/O8 S0D/B CullurO |OCl0U/CO .' A BSBI OB lBS I0lCBS IDUBSBS DI
WllBD NCDBll y DIDS,' BSB IBDCUBCDD IBSUlB CDDIBDSlDlB OBOB
lB DBIUIB\BZB BDDBDBDBDIB DIDBlSB OB lB IDOUCCDD OB DUCDDS BI
UBCDS O@BlBS. Ll OSBHD BSSOD DI DIOBDBODI B DBDUOD BIBCB
UB OBSCUOB lB ODBDSlDD DBBIBl OB lB BIUBCUIB, SU IBlBCDD DIl
DB CDD IDBOBOBS SCBS CDDD Bl BSD, lDS BSUBIZDS y lB IBSSBDCB.
LD B BDBllB OB UD DIOBDBODI, lBS DIDBS BIBCBD lDBI CDD llDBIBO,
SD DBS BBOUIBS UB lBS UB UBOBD BDBI Bl ID@IBDB DDIDBCD y lB
DB@DBCDD OBl OSBHBODI. MBy Bl@D IDUDOBDBDB DUBBDB BD BSB
BBIBDIB \DBIBO UB BIBCB CUBSDDBI DUBSIDS IDCDS UDOBDBD
BlBS BD IBlBCDD B lB DBUIBlBZB OB lB OSCllDB BIUBCDDCB.
ND DDSBDB, OBDBIB BCBBISB Bl BSBOD BCUBl OBl OSBHD BSlSOD DI
DIOBDBODI CDDD S BSUvBIB lBDBBDOD BSBDOBIBS OBDvDS UBSD
UB lB BIUBCUIB O@Bl SB BDCUBDIB BD OBDOD SUS IDBIDS BSDS, OB
DBDDS SBI CBUDS y DD lB@BI B CDDClUSDDBS IBClBOBS SDDIB lBS CUBSD~
DBS BDDIBlBS UB IBSBDB. IBDDD y DIDS OBIBCDIBS UZBS BSUDBD
SU BSBOD BCIUBl CDDD S UBIB BIDBDBDB, DDBDODSB SUS CBIBCBISCBS
IBDDIBlBS OBDBSBOD BD SBID, Bl BDD UB SUDBSDBD lBS CUBSDDBS
IBBIBS UB lBDBB. U BDOBDCB BCUBl DBCB UDB CBIB IDDBBIBlOBO
UBOB BIBCBDBDB SBI BDBIB. LBjDS OB vBISB BD Bl@ID DI lB @BDBIBll~
C0D, DI0IDB, fCDJIBCIUf8 8RD \RB VII\U8. 0W8fDS 8 DBW m8IBfI8IIg, BD Prox|s:]oomol
o/wrtlog +ool|dog, , 24, 0@S. JJ4~J2J.
1
ZBCDD CB lDS DICBDBCDfBS y Bl CBSBfIDlD CB DUDCDS VIfUBlBS, lB DBBfIBlI~
CBC IDOBOlBDBDB SB@UIfB SIBDCD UR IBS@D URCBDBDBl CB B fDCUCCIDD
BfUIIBCDDICB. BfIf CB BU SB UBCB BSBCUlBf SI Bl DICBHBCDf, CDD SUS
BXBDSIDRBS BD lB IBC, fBfBSBDB UH BlB]BDIBDD SUSBHCIBl CB lDS BSBC~
DS IBCICIDDBlBS CB lB fBIBSBDBCIDR BfUIBCDDICB. LD DUCDDS BSBCDS,
DS CIOU]DS OICIDBDSIDRBlBS DBCDDS B DBDDS RD SDD DUCDD DBS DBBIIBlBS
UB lDS UB BSBH DBCDDS CDD DfCBRBCDf. LB BOSfBCCIDD !RDBIBDB B lB fB~
IBSBDBCIDD BIUIBCDDICB RD IDICB DBCBSBfIBDBDB UDB BUSBDCIB CB
DBBfIBICBC BD B B]BCUClDD fBBl.
NB @USIBIB BDBZBf IBCISBDBDB CDD lB CUBSIDD @BDBfBl CB lB IB~
fBSBHBCIDH BIUIBCIDDICB BRIBS CB VDVBf SDOIB lDS CBDOIDS IDCUCI
CDS Df B DfCBHBCDI. LHIB lBS ISBS UB SB@UIfB SB BDCUBHfB lB ICBB CB
UB B DBBfIBlICBC, CDDD CBSI CUBlUIBf CUBlICBC CB DUBSID BDDfDD, BS
BD @fBD DBCICB UHB CDDSfUCCIDD CUlIUIBl. JBl CDDD DUCDDS BfICBIIDS
CBl CDRSfUCIVISDD SDCIBl lB DBH CBBDCICD, lB BXBfIBDCIB SICB DDB
DIDB BfCIBlDBRIB B BIIf CB lB CUlUIB y CB lB CUlUfB BCDDlD@ICB BD
BfICUlBf. BfCIOIDDS Bl DUDCD BXBIIDf B fBVBS CB URBS lBDBS UB, I
BfBlDBHB y B UR DIVB DBS SIDODlICD, DDS fDDfCIDDB lB CUlUfB IBCDD
D@ICB UB DDS fDCBB. NBS BllB CB lB BfCBCIDD, DUBSfDS @BSDS CIBIIDS
BSBD BD CBUCB CDR HUBSIBS DBUIDBS y SUS DBCBSICBCBS BSBCICBS.
BSCB BSB UDID CB VISB, Bl IDBCID CBl DfCBRBCDf DCfB CBSCfIOIfSB
3DR DByDf fBCISIDD CDDD UDB IBDIDBlIZBCIDD DBS UB CDDD UD BlB]B~
31IBRID CB lB BXBf!BDClB SICB y CB B DBBIIBICBC.
LB BfDXIDBCIDD Bl BDB UB SB BCDIB BU IDBHB BVIBI lB fBDB CB
JBDSIIBI UD BDUSIBSDD ID@BDUD BD B BSBCD BCUBl CB lB BfUIBCUfB
1I@IBl, BS CDDD CBBf BD lB DSICIDR SIDBfICBDBDB CDDIfBfIB CB fBCDB~
'BflB SID UD BXBDBD DBS CBBDICD. NBS UB CUBSIDDBf Bl VBlDI CB BS
IVBfSBS CDDfIOUCIDDBS B lB BfUIBCUfB CI@IBl CB BD B BSCBSBZ CB
BBfBDCIBS DBCDBS B SUS BUDfBS, DDS CBDfBfBDDS BH CUBSIDDBS CB
|BUIBlBZB DBS BISBDDlD@ICB. gUB SU@!BfB lB BIUIBCUIB CI@IB, ID~
USD BD SU BSBCD BCUBl CB CBSBIfDllD IRCDDlBD, SDOfB lBS CBB@DfBS
BDOIBDBS CB lB BXBfIBDCIB SICB: I lB DBBfIBlICBC HD BSB BR BlI~
fD, CDDD BS UB SU CBIDIClDD, SID BDOBf@D, BVDUCIDDB:
LUBRCD DBOlBDDS CB fDCUCCIDRBS IDDfDBICBS, CBSCB BS IDB@BDBS
lDS DUDCDS CB lB fBC, B BfDIRD `VIIUBl` SUf@B CBSI IDDBCIBBDBDB

!@BCD B B BCUSBCIDD CB CBSDBBfIBlIZBCIDD UB DDDB CB DfDB BXl~

CIB lB fBBlICBC VIIUBl B lB fBBlICBC fBBl. ID BDIBf BD Bl IICD CBOBB
IlDSDICD UB BVDCB B MBDfI Bf@SDD D IllBS BBUZB, DCBDDS DOSBfVBf
UB Bl DDSICIDR BS CICIl CB SDSBDBf BD Bl CISCUfSD BfUIBCIDDICD. UD
CISBDD BfUIBCDDICD BS SIBDfB UD DO]BD VIfUBl. LS BD VIfUBl UB
BH!CIB DD UDB CDDSIUCCIDD IDCIVICUBl, SIDD UHB BDIB @BDB CB BllBS.
ND DBy fDyBCD BfUIBCDDICD SlD UH DBf@BD CB IDCBBfDIDBCIDD UB
BfDIB SB@UIf VBfIDS CBDIDDS, DDfDBlDBDB SDlD UDD SB llBVB B CBOD.
BSBI CB lDS IDBDIDS DI DB]DfBf lB CDCIICBCIDD CB lDS fDCBSDS CB
CISBDD BfB BDICIBfSB DCD lD DSIOlB B B DOfB CDDSfUICB, BSB IDCBBf~
DIDBCIDD fBlBIIVB IBSUlB UDCBDBDB BfB Bl fDyBCD BfUIBCDDICD
lB BfDIB DBOlBf D, DBS OIBD, UDCIDDBf CDDD UDB DBfIZ CB DSIOlBS
RBffBCIDDBS BH fBlBCIDD B B fBBlICBC CDDSIfUICB UB DDS BDICIB, SID lBS
CUBlBS B fDyBCD DD SBfB DBS UB UD lBDD BCDICD.
VDlVIBHCD B lB CUBSIDD CB lB DBBfIBlICBC, SB UBCB fBSUDlf lB SI~
UBCIDD CICIBDCD UB BUDUB Bl CISBDD BfBDBZCB B lBS fBBlICBCBS CBl
BHDfDD CDDSfUICD, BSB fBlBCIDD CB BIBDBDCIB SI@UB SIBDCD BDOl@UB.
UDB VBZ DBS, lDS CIOU]DS y lBS BSBCIICBCIDDBS BVDCBD UDB BDlIB @BDB
CB DSIOlBS BBCIDS DBBfIBBS DBS UB UDB fBBlICBC DICB, fBCISB B
IDBUVDCB. LB BDOI@BCBC CBl fDyBCD BfUlBCDDICD SB fBlB]B BD lB
IBfBSBDBCIDD CB lB BfUIBCUfB. NI SIUIBfB lBS BCDICBS CB fBfBSBD
BCIDD DBS CDDVIDCBDBS SB CDffBSDDCBD lBDBDBDB CDD lB BXBfIBD~
CIB CB B fBBICBC CDDSfUICB. NUDCB VBDDS DS BCIICIDS BD lBDB y BD
BlZBCD, Df HD CBCIf BD SBCCIDD, D BD lBS IBfBSBDBCIDDBS BXDDDDBfI~
CBS CB lB DDCBfDICBC UB UOICBOBD Bl DOSBfVBCDf BD Bl IDIDID. LSBfB~
DDS BRBCDS CB BIfDBf UB lB fBfBSBDBCIDD BfUlBCDDICB, CDDD lB
CBfD@fBICB, fBSUDDB B UD DOSBfVBCDf IDDSIOlB CB lDCBlIZBf.
LB fBIBSBDBCIDD BfUIBCDDICB DB@DCIB CDD BSBS BDCBDCIBS DUBS
BS` B OSUBCB CB lB VBfDSID!lIUC y Bl CBSBD CB fBSBfVBI DBf@BDBS CB
IRCBBfDIDBCIDD. LD fBBlICBC, lB DBCBSICBC CB UD BUIlIOfID BDfB BSDS
CDS ICBBlBS BD CDDlICID DCfB DUy OIBD CBf CUBDIB CB lB BfBCD]B IDDB~
fBDB B lDS CIOU]DS BfUIBCDDICDS` CUBDD DBS BSBCICD UIBfB DBCBf~
SB Bl BBCD SICD, DBS BOSfBCB fBSUlB lB fBfBSBDBClDD, CDDD SI BSB
BDSIDD UDCBDBDBl SB fBCU]BSB BD UD BUIIOfID BDfB DBBfIBlICBC y
BOSIfBCCIDD. BSCB Bl fBDBCIDlBDD, lDS CIOU]DS CB DDlCUfBS BfUIBC~

DD!CBS IUSIBD BSB CUBSIiDD. BIB UD BIU!BCD !DS!IBOD DI V!IUV!D,

DBOB DBDB HBS HBBI!B UB B! ]UB_D OB B !UZ BD DS O!VBISDS IB!BVBS
OB! BOI!CID. UD BS, SU IBIBSBDBC!DD BD SBCC!DD BIB B HBDUOD SDI
IBDOBDBHBDB O!SBDB OB !DS BBCDS OBSBBODS. DCUSD BD IBBODS
CBDDDICDS CDHD DS LU0lD lDlDS DB 0lUl0CIUl0 OB DOIBB B!!BO!D,
BSB IBIBSBDBC!DD SB IBOUCB B O!DU]D !IDBB.
BD!BDOD BSD BD CUBDB, _!H!!CBD BS IBIBSBDBC!DDBS !DDIHB!~
CBS UD C!BID B!B]BH!BDD OB B IBCIICB IBO!C!DDB OB B BIU!BCIUIB
BSIBS BUIBS, !B O!_IB!ZBC!DD OB O!SBHD DOIB BIBCBI UD SIH!B BVBD~
CB BCD!CD, UD DOBI SUBHBDBI!D DIBCOD B O!SBHBODI, UD DOBI UB
DD BBCB B !B DBIUIBBZB OB SU IDOUCCIDD. LB O!_!IB!IZBC!DD IBB!HBDB
BIH!IB B BIU!BCD HBD!UBI DIHBS BXIBHBOBHBDB CDHB]BS y
V!SUB!!ZBI CDD HBS !DBIIBO BS HDO!ICBCIDDBS OB IDyBCD. ND DDSBD~
B, SDD VBIOBOBIBHBDB IBVD!UCIDDBI!BS BSBS BXIBDSIDDBS OB VDCBDU~
BI!D y OB B CBBCIOBO OB !DBIBCUBI BD CBOB D!VB OB O!SBHD _LS BSB
CBHD!D HBS CUBD!B!VD UB CUB!!B!VD, CDHD S! B DS OISBHBODIBS CDD~
BHDIBDBDS SB BS DUD!BIB ODBOD SIHBHBDB OB UD ]UB_D OB BICBS
y IB_BS HBS VBI!BOD y BXIDB
DI SUUBSD, BS CDHBIBHBDB CIBIID UB B DIOBDBODI IDHB CDD
B DHBO!BBZ OB _BSD DUHBDD. LDIB B HBDD y B IBIBSBDBC!DD _IB~
!CB SB !DIDOUCB UD D!VB! OB SDW0l0 y D0l0W0l0. LD B ID!D SDW0l0
0By HBCBD!SHDS OB DBIBC!DD y IBBIBDCIBS UB IHDDBD IBSI!CCIDDBS
B O!SBHBODI. LB HBU!DB y SUS ID_IBHBS SDD S!DDD!HDS OB UD BSBSDI
BUSBDB BD BS DBIIBH!BDBS IBO!C!DDBBS.
UBOB UB BSB BSBSDI OBSBBIBZCB CDD B OBSBIIDD OB !DBIBCBS
CBOB VBZ HBS SD!S!CBOBS UB IDOUZCBD UDB !DB_IBC!DD U!OB OB DI~
OBDBODI BD B! B]BIC!CD OB O!SBHD. L %BOIB LBD OB %BSSBCDUSSBS !DS~
!UB DBCDDDD_y [%] DB !DVBI!OD BHDS OB !DVBS!_BCIDD BD _UBDBS
O!_!BBS y BDBBS BC!!BS, BS CDHD BD S!SBHBS OB IBIDB!HBDBC!DD
CDD CBHBIB y BSBI UB VIDCUBD B IBB!OBO S!CB CDD B HDOBBOD O!_!~
B. B CUBU!BI DIHB, B HBO!BC!DD OB B HBU!DB y SUS ID_IBHBS DD
SBIB BDD!OB.
LB O!BIBDCB BDIB DS O!SBHDS IDOUCIODS HBDUBHBDB y DS !DDI~
HB!CDS BS BDBD_B B B UB UBOB BX!S!I BDIB BSBBI BD CDCDB D !I BD~
OBDOD. LD BHDDS CBSDS BDIB BD ]UB_D UDB DDS!C!DD BDIB B DDHDIB,

DI UD !BOD, y B BIB]B DDHDIBHBU!DB, DI DID, UDB HBU!HB UB DD

UBOB IBOUC!ISB B HBID BCCBSDI!D. BDD B DBDC!B OB DIOBDBODI CDHD
SU BSBSDI DBCBD UB SBB CBIBHBDB OBIBHB OB !BS DBIIBH!BDBS IB
O!C!DDBBS. U UI!!ZBC!DD DOIB BS!H!BISB B BDCUBDID CDD UD BCDI
DD DUHBDD, BIB UI!!ZBI B HBICD CDDCBUB OB IUHD LBDUI. cD BS
OBCBOBS DSBI!DIBS B B !! UBIIB %UDO!B!, B BUDHDV! yB DBDB IDOU~
C!OD UD BDCUBDID S!H!\BI.
IB DS!D!IOBO BS CDDSOBIBI B BIB]B OB DDHDIB y HBU!HB CDHD
UD DUBVD SU]BID CDHUBSD, UD DDI!OD OB CBIDB y HBU!DB UB yB BX!S~
B BD B !_UIB OB CDDOUCDI OB BUDHDV!. LB IBBCC!DH CBSl V!SCBIB OB
USUBI!D OB DIOBDBODI BDB B BDBB y B! BCBOD UBOB !DBIIBBISB
OBSOB BSB UDD OB VSIB, OB HBDBIB UB lB BIU!BCUIB O!_!B !HlCB
UD BUDI C!DBIHB!CD. B IBB OB UDB !OBB SU_BI!OB DI VBI!BS IBBXlDDBS
0DDBHDIBDBBS SDDIB BS BCDDD_BS !DDIHB!CBS y SU O!HBDS!DD BD~
IDDD_!CB," y SU !D!UBDClB UBOB IBSIBBISB BH O!VBISBS UD!CBC!DHBS
BIU!BCDD!CBS.`
I OB[BHDS B UD BOD BSBS BH!BS BISBC!VBS, B BDBD_B OB BU~
DHDV! Sl_UB S!BDOD IBVBBODIB. IBO!C!DHBHBDB SB DB CDHS!OBIBOD
UDB BXBIIBDC!B HBS I!CB !I CBH!DBDOD UB CDDOUC!I, BID BSB DDS!C!DD
!H!CB UB B HBBI!B!OBO BIB VlSB CDHD CDDIBSB BDIB B BH!UO
OB UDB BXBI!BDC!B SCB IBB y B BDSIBCC!DD IDHDV!OB DI UD BDDIDD
BCDDD_!CD OBBIHIDBOD. LBS! UD S!_D OBSUBS OB UB B CDCDB SB DByB
CDDVBIIOD BH UD BBHBDD BIHBDBDB OB B CUUIB CDDBHDIBDBB,
SBDBHDS UB BSB DDS!C!DD DD SB B]USB yB B B BXBI!BDC!B BUDHDVlS~
!CB. %BS UB OBSHBBI!B!ZBI B HUDOD BH UB DBDBHDS, B BUDHDVl
DB IBDSDIHBOD DUBSIB DDC!DD OB B HBBI!B!OBO. % !DBDClDD HD BS
BDIIBI BU BD UD BDB!S!S OBBBOD OB BSBS IBDSDIHBC!DDBS, SlDD !D~
S!S!I BD B_UDDS BHBS I!HC!B!BS.
LUBHOD CDDOUC!HDS HD BICD!HDS BXBCBHBHB DS H!SHDS DD]BDS
UB CUBDOD CBH!DBHDS. BSOB UDB BUDlSB UH BO!!C!D BS VlSD OB HDOD
O!SDD B CUBDOD CBH!DBHDS ]UDD B B!. D[DS OB U!BD SB OBSBZB B B
VBDC!OBO OB BUDHDV!, DS DD]BDS SB IBB_IUBH DIHBHOD DUBVBS BD!~
OBOBS BICB!VBS. LB BSCBB y B DIHB OB SKylO0 UIDBHD CDDBHDIB~
DBD SDD HBD!BSBC!DDBS OB B BIB OB BUDHDVl, BS CDHD DS B!SB[BS
IDOUC!ODS DI B IB!OB SUCBSDD OB BHUHCDS BH CBIIBBIB.

L BUIDRDV!l fDDfC!DDB UDB SBfIB OB SBDSBC!DDBS O!BfBDIBS OB

BCBlBfBC!DDBS y OBCBlBfBC!DDBS Bl SBDI!R!BDID UB fDOUCB Bl VIB
,
DID,
Bl@UDBS OB lBS CUBlBS BSIBD DI!RBRBDIB !@BOBS Bl USD OBl RDIDf. NDS
RBRDS BCDsIURDIBOD IBDID B lB BCBlBfBC!DD UB IBDOBRDS B DlV!OBf UB
lBS SBDSBCtDDBS UB fDOUCB BfBD CBSI IDBlCBDZBDlBS BD UDB SDC!BOBO
BDIB!!DI DD RBCBDIZBOB, BD lB UB Bl RDV!R!BDID BDID y fB@UlB! BfB lB
aD!RB. LD UD eDIDfDD RBCBD!ZBOD, BDIfB Bl BlDDfDZD OB lB VBlDC!OBO y Bl
OBS@D OBl BCCtOBDIB, IBDBRDS BCCBSD B UDB DUBVB SBDSBC!DD OB DOBf
y IBRD!BD OB VUlDB!BDIl!OBO. LB BRDSB DDVBlB LlUSD OB J. L. BlBfO SB
CBDIfB BD BSIB DUBVB CDDO!CIDD OB CUBfD DURBDD, RBS D!BD OB D~
D!!OD D!RBOD Df Bl CUBID y SUS BXIBDSIDDBS RBCBD!CBS. LSB DD!!OD,
DOB!DSD y VUDB!BDlB, OBVDfB K!DRBIfDS y SB DBllB S!BRfB B lR!IB OB
|a BSIfUCC!DD. LD lB R!!BOB OB BlBfO, B RBZClB OB DIBDC!B y VUlDBfB~
D!lIOBfBSBDIB UB!IBS CDDDDIBCIDDBS SBXUBlBS. BfB SUS BfSDDB]BS,
Bl BCCIOBDIB, lB CD!S!DD BIBl UB OB IIUlD B lB DDVBlB, SB CDDV!BfIB BD
UDB DUBVB D!RB OB CD!ID IBCDDlD@!CD."
LB IBOB!D!C!DD OB BDI!OBOBS BICBI!VBS UB BXBf!RBDIBRDS BD Bl
CDCDB BlIB!B DUBSIfB R!SRB DDC!DD OBl BSBC!D, CBRD!BDOD lB CDDO!~
C!DD BX!SIBDC!Bl OB IDOD DUBSI!D CUBfD. Ll CBRD!D RBS S!@D!ICBI!VD lD
!DOUCBD IBl VBZ lBS IfBDSD!RBC!DDBS SUI!lBS UB Bl USD OBl BUIDRDV!l
fDVDCB BD DUBSIIB BfCBC!DD S!CB OB RUDOD Bl OBSlBZBf B CDDIBD!~
OD y DS RB!@BDBS OB lB RBIB!IBl!OBO.

LS IBDIBODf BSIBDlBCBf UDB BDBlD@B BDIfB Bl BUIDRDV!l y Bl DfOBDBODf,
|DIBI!BIBDOD BSIB ulI!RD CDRD UD VBDCUlD UB !DOUCB B UD DUBVD OBS
laZaR!BDID OB lB BXB!!BDCIB SICB y OB lB RBIBf!Bl!OBO. Ll BfU!IBCID
BStSItOD Df DfOBDBODf SB BSBRB]B Bl CDDOUCIDf D Bl BSB]BfD BRDBfCB~
OD BD UD V!B]B UB @BDBfB UDB DUBVB DfRB OB BXBf!BDCIB. _LUBlBS SDD
lDS fBS@DS OBSIBCBODS OB BSB BXB!!BDC!B RBIBf!Bl
Ll efOBDBODf DDS !BSBDIB DUBVBS BDI!OBOBS BfCBI!VBS y DD]BIDS. !
aDIBODfRBDIB Bl BfU!IBCID RBD!UlBDB DfRBS BSIBI!CBS, BDDfB UBOB
ja@Bf CDD l a]DS @BDRBIf!CDS. LBS OBD!RBClDDBS VDlURBIf!CBS y SUBf!~
CIBlBS BOUIB!BD UDB BSBC!B OB BV!OBDCIB !DBSBU!DlB B lDS S!SIBRBS OB
!efBSBDIBC!DD @fBICDS IfBO!C!DDBlBS. UBOBD @BDBfBfSB y SB@U!ISB BD
ItBRD fBBl SDDfB lB BDIBlB. LD BSB SBDI!OD, Bl USD OB DfOBDBODI BS BX~
I!BDBRBDIB CBfCBDD B D!C!DS CDRD Bl OBl CBfBR!SIB, y DD BS CBSUBl!OBO
UB SB DByBD fBBl!ZBOD VBf!DS !DIBDIDS OB BRB!B]Bf lB CBfBR!CB CDD Bl
RDOB\BOD If!O!RBDS!DDBl BD Bl NBO!B LBD OB N\1.
LB DUBVB BV!OBDC!B BOUlf!OB Df lDS lU]DS @BDRBIf!CDS BX!CB lB
RUlI!l!CBC!DD OB fDyBCIDS UB BfBCBD SUBf!C!BS lU!OBS. Df B]BR~
\D, B fDyBCID WBSI ! OB LDDVBf@BDCB OB HB!SBI UDBRDID SB fBSBD~
lB CDRD UD lU]D @BDRBIf!CD CDD@BlBOD BD DfRB BfUlIBCIDD!CB.
POBRBS OB OBDfRBC!DDBS y lU]DS, Bl DfOBDBODf B!R!IB B RBD!U~
lBC!DD OB BDDRBDDS IDRBIB!!BlBS, CDRD lB lUZ y lB IBXIUfB, OB RBDBfB
UB BOU!BfBD lB CDDO!C!DD OB CBS!~DD]BIDS BfB Bl BfU!IBCID. B UB~
OBD RBD!U!Bf DURBfDSDS BfBRBIfDS OB lB lUZ. UBOB !DIBDS!!CBfSB
D BIBDUBfSB, DBCBfSB O!IBCIB D O!USB. B DfRB S!R!lBf, lBS SUBf!C!BS
UBOBD B]USIBfSB CDD UDB CDRD!DBC!DD CBSl !D!D!IB OB BCIDfBS OB lU~
@DS!OBO D SUBV!OBO, OB fBlB]D D TfBDSBfBDC!B, B D!VBlBS UB lDS DBCBD
CBS! IBCI!lBS. LSIBS RBD!UlBC!DDBS fDOUCBD BXIBS!DDBS RUy O!VBfSBS,
OBSOB BBCIDS SUBf!C!BlBS, CDRD lDS OB lBS fDyBCC!DDBS BD D!BfSU~
Bf!C!BS [UB SDD DS!DlBS @fBClBS B lB CBBC!OBO OBl RUDOD O!@!IBl
BfB ODIBf OB IBXIUfB B CUBlU!Bf DfRB OBOB CDD UDB !RB@BD),' DBSIB
lBS ClBBC!DDBS RBIBRBIlCBS OB lB DDIB OBl BSIUO!D D]BCI!lB OB BfDBfO
LBCDB." PDDlB D!BD, BD BRDDS CBSDS Bl BDBS!S fBCBB SDDlB lBS CDDO!C!D~
DBS IBCIllBS y OB SUBflC!B fBDIB B lBS CDDS!OBfBC!DDBS VDlURBIf!CBS
BDSI!BCIBS.
N!BDIfBS B@UDBS O!RBDSIDDBS OB B BfQUlIBCIUfB O!@!IBl, CDRD lBS
CDDO!C!DDBS SUBf!C!BlBS fBClBD RBDC!DDBOBS, SB VUBlVBD BSBDC!BlBS,
DIfBS fBSUIBD RBS fDDBRBI!CBS. LD Bl CBSD OBl BUIDRDVll, lB BBf!C!DD
OB UD DD]BID DUBVD V!BDB BCDRBDBOB Df UDB BfO!OB OB lB !OBB CDRD
OB OlSIBDC!B BD BVDf OB lB !OBB OB BCCBS!D!l!OBO. B UD RDOD S!R!lBf,
CDD lB BfU!IBCIUfB O!@!IBl, lB BSCBlB yB DD BfBCB IBD BV!OBDIB. _LUBl
BS B BSCBlB fBBl OB lBS DfRBS UB BBlBCBD BD B BDIBllB OB UD DfOB~
DBODf P BSBf OB lB !DClUS!DD OB !@UfBS DURBDBS BD lDS DIDRDDIB]BS,
B RBDUOD CUBSIB fBSDDOBf B BSIB fB@UDIB. LB fBSBDIBC!DD BSIBDOBf
OB UD fDyBCID CDRD BBCDDBSS, OB NDX, BS RUy IBVBlBODfB B fBSBCID.
f!RBfD VBRDS UD CDRlB]D lBDBf!DID OB lDBBS,lUB@D UDB DfRB fBIDfCl~
OB UB BfBCB UD IfDZD OB IBlB D OB BBl BffU@BOD. P CDDI!DUBC!DD, lBS
!RB@BDBS fBVBlBD UB BD fBBl!OBO BSIBRDS R!fBDOD UD fDyBCID BDDfRB,
CBS! UDB RB@BBSIfUCIUfB.'" Ll !RB@!DBf!D !DDfRBIlCD SB BCBfCB RBS B UD
Jo
DUDOD DI_BDIZBOD DI IBCBlBS UB DI lB _BDDBIlB IBOICIDDBl, ODDOB
lB IDDIDBCIDD y lB CDDIB[IOBO SB BDCUBDIBD B DODS lDS DIVBlBS. LD Bl
DUDOD, DD DBy UDB BSCBlB I[B B lB UB UBOBD IBBIIISB BS CDSBS.
OBDBS OB CUBSIDDBI lB IOBB OB BSCBlB, lBS BCDDlD_lBS OI_IBlBS DB~
CBD UB lB IBIBCIDD BDIB lB IBIBSBDBCIDD BIUIBCDDICB y \B IDIB
BIUIBCUIB SB VUBlVB DBS CDDUSB UB BD Bl BSBOD. LB OISDCIBCIDD
BDIB lB IBIBSBDBCIDD y lB DOIB BS BVIOBDB BD IBS CDDlB[BS SUBII~
CIBS OISBDBOBS BD L11 OB IBDK . BDIy, CUyBS DIDBS OBOBD DCD B
lBS CDDSIOBIBCIDDBS BSIUCUIBlBS.'' BSBI OBI OISCUISD OBl BIUIBCD,
UDB OISBDCIB SIDIIBI SBBIB B I DBUBB IUDIDDSB OBI CDDCUISD OB IB
NBOIBBCB OB BDOBI, OB DyD D, OB lB IBBIIOBO BSIUCUIBl CDD BSBOBS
lBDCDBS OB BCBID UI!IZBOBS BIB CDDSIUII Bl BOIICID.'* LB 1BIDIDBI OB
TDKDDBDB OB DIBI_D ICB ICDIBCS ) IBVBlB UDB BDSIDD SIDIlBI
BDIB lB lUIOB2 OBl OISBD DII_IDBl y lBS BCDICBS DDVIlIZBOBS BIB SU
IBBlIZBCIDD. Ll DUDOD CDDDIDBOD DI BCDDlD_lBS OI_IBIBS DD SDlD BS
CDDlB[D BD DODS SUS DIVBIBS, SIDD UB BDOIBD BSB llBDD OB SDIIB~
SBS DI lB OISBDCIB UB B DBDUOD SBBIB Bl DDOBlBOD IDDIDBICD OB
lB IBBlIOBO.
LB DDSICIDD OB CIlICDS CDDD BDDBD IBDDD SB OBOB B lB CDDS~
BBCIDD OB UB BDIB lB IBIBSBDBCIDD OI_IBl y lB CDDSIUCCIDD IB~
OICIDDBI DBOIB UDB _IBD OISBDCIB. ID BDOBI_D, DI BIUIOBODIB UB
UBOB IBSUlBI, OICDB OISBDCIB DD BS DBCBSBIIBDBDB SIDDDIDD OB UDB
OBSDBBIIBlIZBCIDD OB lB BIUIBCUIB. Ll DIOBDBODI BIDIB IBOBIDII IB
DBBIIBlIOBO DBS UB BOBDODDBIIB B IB SBOUCCIDD OB IB UIB IDB_BD.
LSB OISBDCIB BXI_B UDB IBOBIDICIDD OB lDS DO]BIVDS y IDCBSDS OBI
OISBDD. L! DUDOD OI_IBl IBUIBIB UD DICID VISUB! DUBVD CBB2 OB SB_UII
Bl CDDlB[D !BOBIIDD OB |DBIBCCIDDBS BDIB lD _lDOBl y ID DUy \DCBI, BD~
IB lB OBIDICIDD _BDBIBl OBl IDyBCD y lDS |UDBS VBCBS DBDDIBS y DIBS
OIBSICDS] CBDOIDS BDIBODS DI lBS VBIIBCIDDBS BIBDBIICBS. LD BSB
DUDOD, Bl DBDDI CBDOID UBOB BBCBI B\ OISBDD CDDD UD DOD, CDDD
BD lB CDDDCIOB BSIS OB lB BDIlB OBl CBDS, SB_D lB CUBl BI BlBBD OB UDB
DBIIDSB BD UD BXIBDD OBl DUDOD UBOB CBUSBI UDB DIDBDB BD B\
DID.'" LB SBDSIOIIIOBO _BDBIBOB DI BSB OBBDOBDCIB OB lBS VBIIBCIDDBS
BIBDBIICBS UBOB UB, UDB VBZ DBS, DD OIVBI[B OBDBSIBOD OB lB CDD~
OUCCIDD B DOB VBlDCIOBO SDOIB UDB SUBIICIB IIIB_UlBI ODDOB Bl DBDDI

DOSBCU\D UBOB CBUSBI OIBDBICBS CDDSBCUBDCIBS. NBICDS NDVBK DB

CDDBIBOD lDS BSBODS \lUIOD y OI_IBl' `LBS DBIBCIDDBS BSDCIBOBS B lB
|OBB OB llUIOD SU_IBIBD UB lB BIBDBIIZBCIDD llBVB B UDB VBIIBOIlIOBO
IBOICB\ BD lB VIIUBlIOBO CDDIDUB IDOUCIOB DI UD DO[BD y SU DUBS~
lD`.'" LDS DIOBDBODIBS DDS SUDBI_BD BD UD DUDOD lUIOD y DDBO\BDBDB
VBIIBOlB, UB OB BSBCIBl IDBDSIOBO B Bl_UDBS OB DUBSIBS SBDSBCIDDBS
y B \BS OBCISIDDBS B UB DDS CDDOUCBD.
Ll BUDDDVIl SDlD BS UDB DBBDIB y, CDDD Bl, DD OBOBIlB DDBISB
DUy Bl IB OB lB \BIB. \ CDDIBIID OB lB IByBCDIIB \IDBBl OBl BUDDDVIl,
Bl DUDOD O\_IBI UB SB OBSlIB_B BDB lDS D[DS OBl OISBDBODI BS DUlIOI~
DBDSIDDBl. lUyB BDIICBDBDB BD DOBS OIIBCCIDDBS y BS BDIICBDBDB
IBVBISIOlB, CBIBCBIlSICBS UB DD SB B[USBD B lB DBCBSIOBO OB lDS IDCB~
SDS IDyBCUBlBS OB SB_UII UDB SBCUBDCIB BIICUlBI, OBSOB \DS ODCBDS
IBlIDIDBIBS DBSB lBS BSBCI!CBCIDDBS BCDICBS IDBlBS, y OB IDlICBI B
VBIIDS B_BDBS, OBSOB lDS CDBODIBODIBS OBl BIUIBCD B lDS D_BDIBIDS
y CDDSIUCDIBS IBSDDSBOlBS OB CUBSIDDBS BCDDlD_ICBS BSBClICBS.
LD DIBS BlBOIBS, Bl OISBDD BSISIOD DI DIOBDBODI DD UBOB SBI UDB
BXlDIBCIDD lBOBIlDICB OB lBS CBSI IDIDIBS DSIOIlIOBOBS DIBCIOBS DI
lB DBUIDB. LB DIDB UBOB IBDSDIDBISB IDOBIDIOBDBDB, BID OBOBD
DDBISB DCIDDBS, IBDBD UB B[BCUBISB OBCISIDDBS BIB IDDBI lB DB~
UIBlB2B BDIBICB IBVBISIOlB OB lB DBD!UlBCIDD OI_IBl.
LB IDDIBDCIB OB BSBS DCIDDBS OB IB B UDB DUBVB BCIUO, OBSB~
OB BD lB BVBlUBCIDD BSIBB_ICB OBl DBDCIBl BIB lB BVDlUCIDD OBl OISB~
DD BD BSBODS CIICDS OB SU OBSBIIDllD. DBDUOD SB DB VISD UB \DS
DIOBDBODIBS IDlICBD UDB DBDBIB OB BDSBI OBSBOB BD UD BSCBDBIID.
OBDBS OB lDS BSCBDBIIDS, lDS OIB_IBDBS UBOBD DIIBDBI Bl OISBDBODI
DI lDS CBDIDDS OBl OBSBIID\\D IDyBCUBl UB DSIOIlIB Bl DBOID OI_IBl.
DI SU IDXIDIOBO Bl CDDCBD y DI lB SUIBSIDD OB OBBllBS CDDCIBDS
IDDBCBSBIIDS BD UB SB DBDB[BD, CDD IBCUBDCIB lDS OIB_IBDBS SB BI~
CIOBD CDDD SIDlBS BSUBDBS DBDBlBS. LSB BIDXIDBCIDD BS IDCDDB~
IBDB CDD lB VBIOBOBIB DBUIBlBZB OB lDS OIB_IBDBS, BD CDDCIBD CDD Bl
DBCDD OB SBI IDSBBIBOlBS OBl CUISD OB lB BCCIDD. DSBBD UDB CUBlIOBO
lSICB IDIB, SIDIlBI B lBS BBIBDBDBDB BOSIBCBS SIDODlD_lBS UB
UIlIZBD \DS CDIBD_IBDS BIB BDDBI lDS BSDS OB D0B. LXISB UD BSDD~
OIDSD BIBlBlISDD BDIB Bl OIB_IBDB CDDBDDIBDBD, B DBDUOD OB IDS~

IIBCIDD DDlBDC0SB, y lDS CIB_IBDBS _0DDl\ICDS C0 IIDCIIDS C0 0S\0

S
.
I_lD.'" PDOS S0 OBSBD 0D UDB C0SCIICIDD 0SU0DB\ICB C0l DUDCD U0
\!D0 B C0]BI C0 lCD lBS CI0I0DCIBS C0 0SCBlB y C0 CDDl0]CBC _0D~
_IBICB, DI DD C0CII C0 0S0CIICICBC DIS\DIICB. LB _0DDl\ICB BCDIB lDS
OlDU0S, lBS BlIBDZBS y D\IDS \IDS C0 0D\ICBC0S _lDOBl0S. DS CIB_IBDBS
B B DDlBDC0SB \BDOIBD S0 OBSBD 0D B_I0_BCIDD0S DBSIVBS C0 CB\DS _lD~
OBl0S.'" LD BDODS CBSDS, 0l DUDCD BBI0C0 CDDD UD CBDD C0 !U0IZBS
BDII0S\BS 0D U_BI C0 _0D_IBBS 0S\B\ICBS. LDDD 0D lB _0DDl!\ICB, lDS
CIB_IBDBS C0 B BIUI\0C\UIB CDD\0DDIBD0B DBC0D 0X\0DSIVD 0l USD C0
l0CDBS _IBICDS U0 ID\0D\BD DBC0I VISIOl0S 0SBS U0IZBS. LDDV0I_0D
0D DDCDS U0 U0C0D BSIDIlBIS0 B DO]0\IVDS D D0\BS. LD BDODS CBSDS, lD
U0 BI0C0 0S\BI 0D ]U0_D 0S lB CDDI0DSIDD C0 UD 0D\DIDD lUICD y DDVIl
U0 I0UI0I0 BCCIDD CDD\IDUB.
0D0IB! y I0CU0D\0D0D\0, 0l DIC0DBCDI S0 DB 0D\0DCICD CDDD UDB
0X\0DSIDD C0 lB D0D\0, UDB SU0ID0DDIIB D D0IIBD!0D\o BVBDZBCB BIB
lB 0XlDIBCIDD lD_ICB. DI 0]0DlD, 0 BD\IDDlD_D IBDCBS PDCIB L0IDI~
DUIDBD \IBZB UDB 0VDCBCIDD 0S0C\BCUlBI C0l ID_I0SD DUDBDD B \IB
BS C0l USD C0 IDS\IUD0D\DS \0CDDlD_ICDS 0D L _0SID y 0 Q00Dl0,'' UD
lIID U0 S0 0X\I0DC0 C0SC0 0l D0Dl\ICD DBS\B 0l SI_lD C0 lBS IID0IBS
!0CIBS \BllBCBS y UlICBS DBS\B 0l DBCIDI0D\D C0 DS DIC0DBCDI0S. BIB
L0IDI~DUIDBD, 0l ID_I0SD DUDBDD 0S\B DBICBCD DI B 0X\0IDBlIZBCIDD
_IBCUBl C0 UDCIDD0S, C0 lDS CUCD!llDS y DBCDBS C0 I0CIB U0 0X\0DCBD
lBS DBOIICBC0S C0 lB DBDD B lB 0X\0IDBlIZBCIDD C0 UDCIDD0S D0D\Bl0S
CDD 0l DIC0DBCDI.
|DCUCBOl0D0D\0, 0l DIC0DBCDI U0C0 V0IS0 CDDD 0X\0DSIDD C0 lB
D0D\0, 0ID \BDOIBD Bl\0IB DU0S\IB 0IC0CIDD C0 lDS DO]0\DS Bl BD~
0lIBI 0l BlCBDC0 C0 DU0S\IBS S0DSBCIDD0S. LBS ID\0IBC0S U0 S0 0S\BD
J0SBIIDllBDCD BC\UBlD0D\0 B0C\BIBD 0D OI0V0 B DU0S\IBS CBBCICBC0S
TD\DIBS. Ll USD C0l IB\DD yB DB CI0BCD DU0VDS \IDS C0 _0S\D. LD\I0 lDS
CDl0SC0D\0S, lB DUlBIICBC C0 lDS VIC0D ]U0_DS _0D0IB I0l0]DS BD DBS
?S0CICDS.
NU0S\IB 0IC0CIDD C0l 0SBCID S0 V0IB B SU V0Z B0C\BCB DI 0SDS
BDOIDS SICDS. 0lCUBS CDDD d00Dy %O0HDOC, N0l| D ND|Iy I0~
DII I0VBD CBDOIDS 0D lB 0IC0CIDD C0l 0SBCID I0Bl CDD 0l BVBDC0 C0
DIS\ICBCBS ID\0IBC0S 0D\I0 0l 0SBCID I0Bl y 0l CI_I\Bl. LB DDCIDD C0
UDB I0BlICBC D0]DIBCB D BUD0D\BCB SU_I0I0 UDB DB\0IIBlICBC CI0I0D\0
U0 lB DlOIICBCIDD C0 lD \SICD y lD CI_I\Bl DBC0D DSIOl0. PUDU0 0SB
DIOIICBCIDD DD 0S\B C0l \DCD C0SBIIDllBCB, Bl_UDDS C0 lDS IBS_DS C0 lB
\IBDSDIDBCIDD C0 lB DB\0IIBlICBC yB SDD DBDII0S\DS.
0 DIDB SIDIlBI, lDS CDCI_DS VlSUBl0S CBDOIBD B UDB V0lDClCBC SDI~
I0DC0D\0. TB DD DDS DBIBVIllBDDS, DI 0]0DlD, DI lB CBBCICBC C0
lDS D0CIDS CI_I\Bl0S C0 BC0ICBI D Bl0]BI lB IDB_0D CDD 0l ZUD, DBS OI0D
\0DC0DDS B 0IClO\I DU0S\ID DUDCD \IICID0DSIDDBl I0Bl 0D \BIDIDDS SI~
DIlBI0S, CDDD SI lB I0BlICBC DDIDBl U0IB 0l I0SUl\BCD C0 UD BII0_lD ID~
VISIDDBl, D IDClUSD UDB BCDDDCBCIDD C0 lB l0D\0 B D0CID BlCBDC0, 0D\I0 lD
DUy 0U0DD y lD DUy _IBDC0, 0D\I0 lDS B\DDDS D X0l0S y lBS _BlBXlBS.
DI UD lBCD V0DDS DIDBS y DO]0\DS IDD0CIB\BD0D\0 I0CDDDCIOl0S SUS~
0DCICDS 0D\I0 SU0IICI0S DOS0IVBCBS C0 C0ICB y \0X\UIBS U0 0VDCBD
Bl_D \ID C0 BI\0 BOS\IBC\D y, DI D\ID, lD D0DDS BOS\IBC\D, VlS\BS C0
SB\BlI\0 U0 CBD I0 B 00C\DS C0 \0X\UIB y SU0IICI0. LD BDODS CBSDS,
lB 0IC0CIDD C0l VDlUD0D C00DC0 C0 lB I0lBCIDD 0D\I0 CDS \IDS C0 SU~
0IICI0S D I0l0S.
JBDOIBD S0 U0C0 I0lBCIDDBI lB DU0VB CDDCICIDD C0 lB DIDB 0l DO]0~
\D CDD UD CDD\0X\D CUl\UIBl CI0BCD DI lB _lDOBlIZBClDD. LB _lDOBlIZBCIDD
U0C0 CBIBC\0fIZBIS0 CDDD UD 0X\IBDD CDI\DCIICUI\D 0D\I0 lD lDCBl lD
_0D0IBl U0 C0S0S\BOIlIZB lDS DICIDS 0 IDS\I\UCIDD0S C0 D0CID BlCBDC0.'"
cD DU0S\ID DUDCD _lDOBl V0DDS lBS CDSBS C0SC0 DUy C0ICB D OI0D C0SC0
0X\I0DBCBD0D\0 l0]DS. ND 0S DID_UDB CDIDCIC0DCIB U0 0l DIC0DBCDI DByB
SICD \BD IDlUy0D\0 0D 0l IDC0SD C0 lB _lDOBlIZBCIDD. Ll ZUD V0DCIB B S0I
UDB D0IB CDDS0CU0DCIB C0 lB CIISlS C0 lB DDCIDD \IBCICIDDBl C0 0SCBlB, U0
SUDD0 \BD\D 0l USD C0l DIC0DBCDI CDDD lB _lDOBlIZBCIDD, UDB CIISIS U0
_0D0IB DIDBS C0 UDB CBIBC\0IS\ICB ID0S\BOIlICBC 0IC0\IVB.
LSB ID0S\BOIICBC C0SCIOU]B lB CIS\IDCIDD 0D\I0 lD CDDCI0\D lD BOS~
\IBC\D, yB U0 DBCB 0S \BD BOS\IBC\D y \BD CDDCI0\D B lB V0Z CDDD UDB
VISIDD U0 I0\B B lBS ID\0II0\BCIDD0S OBSBCBS 0D lBS CB\0_DIBS DDIDB
0S C0 DIDB U DOj0\D. LD B 0IB C0 DIC0DBCDI y CDD lB SICB C0 SD\ICDS
y lBS DBDIUlBCIDD0S _0DB\ICBS, lB DB\0IIBlICBC S0 C0ID0 CBCB V0Z DBS
DI lB ID\0IS0CCIDD C0 CDS CB\0_DIBS BBI0D\0D0D\0 DU0S\BS. DI UD
lBCD lD \D\BlD0D\0 BOS\fBC\D, OBSBCD 0D SI_DDS y CDCI_DS, DI 0l D\ID lD
Ul\IBCDDCI0\D, U0 IDlICB UDB 0IC0CIDD I0CISB y CBSI B\DlD_ICB C0

lDS BDDHBDDS HBIBI!BlBS y OB ID!BOBOBS CDHD lB lUZ y lB IBXIUIB BD

lB DIHB BD UB SB IBVBlBD DI B! USD OB DBIIBH!BDIBS CDHD Bl ZUH. LSB
0!OI!OBC!DD BDIIB lD BOSIIBCID y lD UlIIBHBIBI!Bl IBIBSBDIB UD DUBVD
HUDOD OB SBDSBC!DDBS Bl UB BSIBHDS BCCBO!BDOD DDy.
LD Bl IBIIBDD OB lB BIU!IBCIUIB, lB CDBX!SIBDC!B OB IBlBX!DDBS OB DB~
IUIBlBZB O!B_IBHBI!CB y OB UD !DIBIBS IBDDVBOD DI Bl_UDDS OB lDS BS~
BCIDS HBS CDDCIBIDS OB lDS HBIBI!BlBS BS I!CB OB BSB S!IUBC!DD. P
D!VBl UIOBDD, Bl IBIBSBDIB IBHOIBD lB !DHBO!BIBZ BDIIB lB BOSIIBC~
C!DD y lB CDDCIBC!DD. Pl UI!l!ZBI UD BSIBHDS BDCHUBODS B UDB IBO
_BDOBS!CB BOSIIBCIB y _lDOBl y BDIBDIBODS IBHOlBD B DUBSIID BDIDIDD
IDHBO!BID.' P !_UBl UB B DIOBDBODI BHIBZB B BBCIBI Bl O!SBDD OB
BO!!C!DS, Bl BDIDIDD O!_!IBl BCBOBIB BBCIBDOD Bl OISBDD UIOBDD, BUDUB
SDlD SBB DIUB lB lB_!OIl!OBO OB lBS SBCUBDC!BS UIOBDBS BSIB S!BDOD IB~
OB!D!OB DI DBIIBH!BDIBS CDHD Bl .
BID, _CDHD SB IIBSlBOBD lBS !DIU!C!DDBS OBl BIU!IBCID D OBl UIOBD!S~
lB B Ol!CD UB DBO!IBIB BD SUS IDyBCIDS LD DIIBS BBOIBS, _UBOB
3SB DUBVB HBIBI!Bl!OBO, UB lDS O!SBDBODIBS !DDIHBI!ZBODS BDDBlBD,
DIBIBSBI B UD _IBD O!CD OBSCDDDCBODI OB lBS IBS!S O!VBISBS, y B HB~
'UOD CDDIIBO!CIDIIBS, OB !_UIBS CDHD IB_ LyDD, %BICDS NDVBK, JBSSB
B!SBI y DIIDS U BIU!IBCIUIB OB DDDS y DIHBS _BDHBII!CBS IDDD~
_!CBS BIBCB BlB]BOB OB lB OB!D!C!DD CDHD OB B BIU!IBCIUIB. P D!VBl
1B lB C!UOBO, lB H!SHB OISIBDC!B SBBIB Bl HUDOD OB lBS S!HU!BC!DDBS
UOBDBS CDHUIBI!ZBOBS OB lB BICBC!DD DIO!DBI!B OB lB _BDIB.
Pl HBDDS ODS IBZDDBS UBOBD !DVDCBISB BD BVDI OB UDB IBSUBSIB D~
!H!SIB. LB I!HBIB IBS!OB BD CDHD Bl DIOBDBODI BSIB CBlBDOD BD lB V!OB
l!BI!B, DBC!BDOD UB BSB BIBIBC!DD OB lB HBIBI!Bl!OBO UBOB BDIBDOBISB
DHD UD BDDHBDD _BDBIBl. 1DODS DBO!IBIBHDS B HUDOD IBB y Bl V!IUBl,
lB BD lB BHDSB BlIHBC!DD OB 1DyD ID OB UB lDS BIU!IBCIDS OBOBIBD Ol~
BDBI BIB SU]BIDS OB ODOlB CUBID, UDD IBBl y UDD V!IIUBl. NDSDIIDS, CDD~
BHDIBDBDS BSCI!OB ID, BSIBHDS IDV!SIDS OB ODS I!DS OB CUBID
BIB IBSDDOBI B BSIDS ODS I!DS OB DBIUIBlBZB. Ll CUBID IBBl BSIB UD!OD
l HUDOD IBBl DI HBO!D OB lU!ODS UB CDIIBD DI SU !DIBI!DI y Bl CUBID
!IIUBl UD!OD Bl HUDOD V!IIUBl HBO!BDIB Bl U]D OB BBCIIDDBS.`' LD IBBl!~
BO, BSDS ODS CUBIDS DD BSIBD SBBIBODS, S!DD UB SDD BIIB OB lD UB
DDSI!IUyB lB IBSBDC!B S!CB BCIUBl. LB %BO!BIBCB OB BDOB! BS lB BISD

D!!CBC!DD OB BSB CDDO!C!DD S!CB CDDIBHDIBDBB. OBDSBHBDIB HBIBI!Bl,

CDD IBH!D!SCBDC!BS OB lB CDDSIIUCC!DD DBVBl BSBOB CDD BDDIHBS CDBBS
OB BCBID, IBHO!BD BS lU!OB y IIBDSlC!OB CDHD UDB _BHB BlBCIDD!CB IB~
C!DSB. LD BSIB CBSD, lB]DS OB SBI BCC!OBDBl, lB O!SIBDC!B BDIIB lB CDDSIIUC~
C!DD y lB IBIBSBDIBC!DD BIU!IBCIDD!CB SB VB VBIOBOBIBHBDIB SU]BIB B lBS
!DIBDC!DDBS BSBDClBlBS OBl BIU!IBCID.
PDIBS DB HBDC!DDBOD lDS V!OBD]UB_DS y SU !HBCID BD IDOB UDB _BDB
IBC!DD, CUyD CDHDIIBH!BDID DBD S!OD CDD!_UIBOD DI BXIIBDDS BDBDDS,
IDC!BS y D_IDS UB CDIIBD y SBlIBD DI BDIBllBS OB DIOBDBODIBS y
BHBODyS. LSIB _BDBIBC!DD DB OBSBIIDllBOD BCI!IUOBS S!CBS y HBDIB
lBS UB OBHBDOBD UD I!D OB BSBC!D O!BIBDIB, UD BSBC!D UB UBOB
OBSC!IBISB B IBVBS OB S!SIBHBS OB !SIBS D SBI!BS OB BSCBDBI!DS UB
SB OBSODOlBD, BD lU_BI OB lB BSUBHBI!ZBC!DD !DIB_IBl IIBO!C!DDBl, SUS
BXBCIB!VBS BSBC!BlBS UBOBD VB!SB SBI!SBCDBS SDlD DI UDB BIU!~
IBCIUIB OB DI!BDIBC!DD Ol_!IBl.
LB SB_UDOB IBZDD BIB IBDBI CDD!BDZB BD lB DUBVB HBIBI!Bl!OBO BI~
U!IBCIDD!CB UB IDOUCB Bl DIOBDBODI IBS!OB BD Bl DBCDD OB UB, B O!B~
IBDC!B OBl BUIDHDV!l, Bl DIOBDBODI DD BS UDB HBU!DB B!SlBOB CDHD lBS
UB B\ !lDSDD IBDCBS BDI_B !HDDODD OBDDH!DD `!DO!V!OUD BCDDlD~
_!CD, D UDB SUBIIDIBS!S UB BUHBDIB lB CBBClOBO S!CB DUHBDB.'' Ll
DIOBDBODI SDlD DIHB BIIB OB UD UD!VBISD O!_!IBl _lDOBl UB !DClUyB IB~
OBS HUDO!BlBS, BS CDHD B H!llDDBS OB BS!SIBDBS BISDDBlBS O!_IIBlBS.
NBIUIBlHBDIB, SB DOIB BI_UHBDIBI UB Bl BUIDHDV!l yB BIB !DSBBIBOlB
OB UD HUDOD DOlBOD DI CBIIBIBIBS, SBDB!BS OB IB!CD, _BSDl!DBIBS y
BBICBH!BDIDS.'' B IDODS HDODS, B\ HUDOD O0l CDCDB BIB CDHBIBOlB
B UD S!SIBHB DUHBIBOlB HBS UB B UD IB]lOD CDDI!DUD. LB OBDS!OBO y B!
BlID D!VBl OB !DIBICDDBCI!V!OBO y IBOUDOBDClB UB CBIBCIBIlZBD Bl UD!~
VBISD O!_!IBl BS O!Cll OB OBSCI!O!I BD IBIH!DDS OB S!SBHB. LBIB_DIBS
BHO!BDIBlBS CDHD lB OB BiSB[B BIBCBD SBI HBS BID!BOBS. LBOB VBZ
BSIBHDS HBS y HBS !DHBISDS BD 0SB B!SB]B.
LD IBlBC!DD B lB CUBSI!DD OB lB HBIBI!Bl!OBO, Bl B!SB[B O!_!Bl ID~
DIC!DDB DUHBIDSBS DDIIUD!OBOBS !DBO!IBS, CDHD lB DS!O!l!OBO OB Ol~
SBDBI HBIBI!BlBS y OBI DIHB B SUS ID!BOBOBS y BSBCID, BD lU_BI OB
UI!l!ZBIlDS OB UDB DIHB BS!VB. LDHD DBD SBBlBOD VBI!DS BUDIBS, lB
IBVDlUC!DD O!_!IB\ BS CDDIBHDIBDBB B UDB IBVDlUClDD OB lDS HBIBI!BlBS

qUB UIlIZBHDS y IDOUCIHDS. ' LD lB MBIVBIO BS!@D CDDDl, UD @IUD

3B IDBSDIBS y BSUOIBDBS DB]D lB OIIBCCIDD OB 1DSDIKD NDIf DB BSBOD
JXlDIBDOD IBCIBDBHBDB Bl DBDCIB OB BXIBSIDD BIU!BCDDICB OB
DS HBBIIBlBS B IBVS OBl OISBDD, UD DBDCIBl UB yB DB HDVIIZBOD B
1ISBDBODIBS CDHD NBCK CD@ID D DBIlB BDDBOy.'"
LB IDOUCCIDD HBBIIBl BSIS!OB DI DIOBDBODI BIBCB BCBDBI CDD lB
1SBDCIB BDIB IBIBSBDBC!DD y HBBIIBlIOBO, OBOD UB lB HBBIIBlI
BO SB OB!DB BD IH!DDS OISIDDS B lB CDDSIUCCIDD IBOIC!DDBl. ID
!HDBI@D, BSB CDlBSD BS BD IBBlIOBO UDB IlUSIDD IDOUC!OB DI lB BlIH!~
lBC!DD OB lB CDHlB]B SBI!B OB IDBIBCBS DBCBSBIIB BIB SBlVBI lB OIS~
BDCIB BDIB lB IBIBSBDBCIDD BIU!BCDDICB y lB IBBlIOBO B IBVS OBl
|ISBDD. L DIOBDBODI DD BCBDB CDD lB O!SBDCIB BDIB lB IBIBSBDBCIDD
lB IBBIOBO, SIDD Bl CDDIBIID SDlD CIBB lB DSIDIlIOBO OB UD IDCBSD
DD!DUBHBDB ODCUHBDBOD BDIB B UIB IBIBSBDBCIDD BIUIBCD~
ICB lBS BSBCIICBCIDDBS CDICBS. LD BSB IBVDlUC!DDBIIB BVDlUCIDD OB
@BDHBIB OBSCIIIVB, BSBIO NDD@B BHBZD B OIS!D@UII BDIB lDS
D]BDS SUSCBIDlBS OB IBCIDII UDB OBIDICIDD II@UIDSB y lDS UB DD lD
IBD.' LB BIB OI@!Bl BIH!B UB, BD CBOB BBB OB SU BlBDDIBCIDD, CBOB
D]BD y CBOB HBBIIBl UBOBD SBI OB!D!ODS II@UIDSBHBDB. LB VBIOBOB~
DDVBOBO DOIIB HUy D!BD IBSIO!I !DBlHBDB BD lB @BDBIBlIZBCIDD OBl
ISBDD CDHD DICID UB DD SDlD SB CBDIB BD lDS BOI!CIDS y SUS OIVBISDS
SBHBS BCDDlD@!CDS, SIDD BHDID BD lDS HBBIIBlBS y, HBS BD, BD lB
9UIBlBZB CDHD IBBl!OBO BCD!!CBOB. LD HUCDBS IDUBSBS OB B!SB~
CDDBHDIBDBBS, CDHD lBS OB lDS BIIC!BDBS OBl CDDCUISD BIB Bl
:IBOBID OB IBSD IllS,'" yB DD SB IBB lB DBUIBlBZB CDHD UD IBCUI~
BXBIDD SDDIB Bl UB SB OIDU]B. LBOB VBZ HBS, BBIBCB CDHD Bl@D
CUyB IDOUCCIDD UBOB OBISB DIHB HBOIBDB UD OISBDD BOBCUBOD.
USD CIBCIBDB OBl IHIDD 0ROSC06 UID0RlSD BD IBlBCIDD B SIUB~
DDBS CDHD lBS OB DWDSVIBW D IBSD IllS BIBCB CDDSBCUBDCIB OB
iB BDOBDCIB. LD BSB DBUIBlBZB BCDDlD@ICB lB HBBIIBlIOBO SB VB
BlHBDB IHIB@DBOB DI Bl OISBDD. P BSBI OB lB O!SDCIBCIDD BDIB
IBIBSBDBCIDD BIU!BCDDICB y SU CDDSIUCCIDD, B VBIOBOBIB DDVB~
tO DD BS UDB OISBDCIB CIBCIBDB BDIB Bl OISBDD y lB HBBIIBlIOBO, S!DD
9S DIBD UDB IDBIBCIVIOBO IDIHB BDIB BllDS UB UBOB IDBlHBDB D~
I BD BlB OB ]UICID lBS IOBDIOBOBS IDBSIDDBlBS IBOICIDDBlBS OBl BI~
UIBCD y OBl lD@BDIBID. PHDBS IOBHIOBOBS SB DBSBD BD lB BCBBCIDD
OB lB OISBDCIB BDIB Bl HUDOD IDBlBCUBl y Bl ISICD, UDB OISBDCIB UB
Bl OISBDD OBDIB SBlVBI. I UDD SB DHB BD SBIID lB DIDBSIS OBl OBSOIDU]B~
HIBDD BDIB lB BDSIBCCIDD y lB CDDCIBCIDD, BSBS IOBDIOBOBS OBDBD SBI
BlBIBOBS. LBS IBIVIDOICBCIDDBS OB LBCIl BlHDDO DI UDB lBDB CDDBIB~
CIDD BD lDS IDCBSDS OB OISBDD, BD lU@BI OB UB SB VBBD IBOUCIODS B lDS
HBIDS CBlCUlDS BSIUCUIBlBS, SDD IBIBSBDBIVBS OB lBS DUBVBS BIS~
BCIVBS UB DBCBD BD UD HUDOD ODDOB SB OBSOIDU]B lB OISIDCIDD BDIB
lB BDSIBCC!DD HBBIIBl y lB CDDCIBCIDD BSBCIBl.'"
LSB @BDBIBlIZBCIDD DBDCIBl OB lDS IDCBSDS OB OISBDD DDS DBCB HBS
IBSDDSBDlBS UB DUDCB OB SUS CDDSBCUBDCIBS, UBS Bl HUDOD BBIBCB
CBOB VBZ HBS CDHD UDB CIBBCIDD DUBSIB, OBSOB lB DBUIBlBZB DBSB lDS
BIBBCDS, OBSOB lDS HBBIlBlBS DBSB DS BOIICIDS. DI CDDSl@UIBDB,
BSB BD ]UB@D UDB DUBVB IBSDDSBDIl!OBO DlIICB. BIB lDS BIUIBCDS
BllD IHlICB BDBDODDBI SU IBOICIDDBl DSUIB OB IDOIBIBDCIB IBSBCD B
lBS @IBDOBS CUBSIDDBS UB SUS DDIBS DDBD SDDIB lB HBSB. DSCIIDlISB
BD lBS BDOBDCIBS CUlUIBlBS y BCDDDHICBS BCUBlBS IDDBDlBHBDB DD
SBB yB SUICIBDB SI BDBHDS BD CDDSIOBIBCIDD, CDHD lBDBD UDB VBZ
BDDIO WIDBI, UB lB BIBB OB lB BIUlBCUIB BS CBBI Bl lU]D OB lBS
CDDOICIDDBS DISDI!CBS BD SU HBBIIBlIZBCIDD I!VIlB@IBOB.'" LDHD DB~
HDS VISD, lB HBBIIBlIOBO SI@DlICB HUCDD HBS DDy UB lB SIHlB CDH~
IBDS!DD OB lBS UBIZBS UB HUBVBD Bl HBICBOD @DDBl. 1DSDIKD NDI! OICB
UB `lDS BIUIBCDS y DIDS CIUOBOBDDS OBDBD DHBI DCIDDBS OB DIHB
BC!VB SDDIB ODDOB CDDSIU!I, U CDDSIUII y CDD U CDDSIUlI. IDDB~
DlBHBDB SB OBDBIIB BDBOII B lB lISB CUBDOD DD CDDSIUlI BD UD HUDOD
ODDOB Bl HBOlD BHDIBDB y Bl OBSBIIDllD SDSBDIDlB SB DBD CDDVBIIOD
BD BHBS CIUCIBlBS. LBOB VBZ HBS B HBDUOD, BDSBDBISB OB CDDSIUII
BS UDB SDlUCIDD HB]DI UB lBDZBISB B CIBCIHIBDDS UB UBOBD IDOUCII
OBDDS. LD HI DIDIDD, Bl IDDlBHB OBl BDDIBHB BIUlBCDDICD CDDBH~
DIBDBD DD BS BDD SU DSIDlB OBSHBBIIBlIZBClDD, CDHD lB BUSBDCIB OB
UDB B@BDOB ClBIBHBDB OBIDIOB BD lD DlIlCD y lD SDCIBl, B BSBI OB UB
SB BS HBS DBCBSBIlB UB DUDCB. Ll XID CIBCIBDB OB OISBDBODIBS SDS~
BDIDlBS CDHD Dl@BIU BD DIBD UBOB IBSIOII BD SU IBDCUBClDD BDD
DI lB HBBI!BlIOBO y lB IDDDVBCIDD BCDDlD@lCB CDHD DI BHBS SDCIBlBS
y D\ICDS.

LH U_SI CB IBIBSBD\SI UDS C!DBDSICD BD B!_IC CB CISBDC SIUI\BC~

\CDICC, S DS\BIISICSC SB_UIIB SIBDCC UDC CB SUS BBDBH\CS CB DSyCI
IH\BIBS. ID BDOSI_C, BSB IH\BIBS BS SDCIS S!DCD!DC CB UDS DUBVS IBS~
CDSSO!ICSC. US CCH\BDICCS CSDOISD y SU SI_HIICSCC BS \CCSVIS ID~
IBCISC. ODS CB SS \SIBSS CB S SIQUI\BC\UIS CCIS CCDSIS\II BD SIIC[SI
S_C CB UZ SCOIB SU C\BDCIS SC\US.
|lBD0D,^0DD0D,u0l0Sl0 0C00lCCuluI0,D0 N I0SS,LBDDlI0@0|NBSS.|,
lv0lS0D CBS0lBDB. tSu0l0S S0DI0 CuluI0 0C00lC0, PKB, NB0l!0, `}
N!CD0,W!BD J.,PDI0C0DICS.1D000ICS 0vIlUBlIy,0D0CDDBDD,U0DD|00.|,D0
vlIu0l 0l000Sl00, l!DC00D PlCD!0CUlBll0SS,NU0vBT0lK,`, 8@S.Z~Z`7.
V0BS0 LB0Ul, UD0, N0uS 0000S [000lS 00 000S. tSS0l 000DI00l0gl0 Sy00Il~
Qu0, LB 0C0Uv0lI0,lBIS, |v0lS0D CBS0BDB ` Nu0C0 ul00S 00000S.00S0y0 00
00I00l0g0Sl00IlC0,L0C0D0S!@0XX,U0D0SPl0S,Z}.
LIB000D MBIBWBy,0D DBU.,NBD0S0 0I CyD0l@S`C0DC0,0CDD0l0@y,BD0 S0CBl!S
0D!DISD D D0 `S 0D 0Cl0lS 0vl0W, .Z ` @S.` |v0IS!0D CBS0lBDB.
N00ll0S0 0I0 CyD0IgS, Dv0SB 00 VBDCB. VB0DCB,), HBlBWBy, 0DDBJ.,l0~
00S,CyD0IgS000W0000.D0I0l0v00l00000uI0,0Ul00@0,NU0vB0lK,, L0WBl0S,
lBUlN.,JD0Cl0S00 W0Il0. L00u0IS000D00lllCS00lSC0uIS0l0L0l0 0IP00IlC0,1D0
N\1lI0SS,LB0Dl0@0 |NBSS.|,.
V0BS0 lCD, PD0D0, L0 0 0IIl0lI0 00S CyD0IgS, L0Sc00DS00l'DI00UI, 0SBD~
0D, `.
BlBl0,U. .,LI0SD, LB0,0D0l0S,` |v0lS!0DCBS0lBDB`LI0SD,N!D0BUl0,BlC0DB,
).
lBIB UDB l0l00UCC!0D 00 0S0 l0y0C0,v0BS0,0l 0[0D0,UKSBS,NBSS0lBD0|00.),
l. 0SS 00SD0lCS 00I0 0DlCS, LB 0DDB0 0! V0D0ZBlNBlSl0, V0D0CB,Z @S.
1~.
V0BS0 0II0lB,0D0D,`L0CI0D!C DBI0U0,y0lSUIBC0!!: PU000ISS, 0DPICDt0C
00Slg0, S000D0~0CUDl000` 8@S.~.
V0BS0 LBCD0, 0lDBI0, t0ID 00v0S. D0 uI0lSDl0g 0 0IIl0Il0S, D0 N1 lI0SS, LBD~
l0@0|NBSS.|,`
* V0BS0,0l 0[00l0, B 0U0SlB 0XU0SB 0D 0lD0I, l00I, MyDIl0 S0C0, 00W 0I0S l0
lgl0l 0ICDl0CuI0, ZZ0l, NU0vBT0lK,` 8@S.`~`7.
` lBlB UDB 0!SCUS!0D @0D0IBl S0DI0 B 0DS0D 0DI0 SU0lC0 y C0DSlUCC0D U0 0S
[00lICB0B0DlB0DlB 00IBDKU. 0DI, v0BS0UIly, NBlK,0W00D SUlBC0 BD0 SUDS~
DC0,0DPICDt0CuI0l0Slg0,Z.Z, Z, @S.~.
Z
' LB00 0D WI0, 0D y h0DByBSD, MI00 |00S.), 0y0 0. 0000l N00l00Qu0, lI0S0l,
NDCD,ZZ.
LB00 0D l0CK,UB00S, LD00S. N0l0g 0 00W SCl00C0, V!KD@ ll0SS, NU0vBT0lK,`7
|v0lS!0D CBS0llBDB`L00S.l0CI00Cl0000 u00 Cl00Cl0,0! BllBl,BlC0l0DB,}.
N0vBK,NBICUS,Lv0lS0D.lUSDD@ B@BDS BvBBlS, Bl!0DS BD0BD@0lS,0DICDl0CuI0l
0Slg0, S000Dl0~0CUDl000 8@S.7Z~7 |1Z 0DBICUlBl).
` lBIB 0IB@lBDBS l00UC00S 0l B @000lCB, v0BS0, 0l 0[00l0, B0SD, LlBU00,
000lllQu00DlS0lI0,lBy0,LBUSBDB,.
LDl0 BSUDlCBC!0D0SCBS000SBBCv0B0, v0BS0`NBBS,WDy,00l.,0I

0X. LX
CuISl00S00000Sl,` UDSD0lS,00l0BD,, h00lDBBS,00,0. l,Nu0ID0S,Pl
0D v0,Ul000S,Z` |v0IS0D CBS0lBDB.Nu0Cl000S,PCBl,BlC0l0DB,Z}.
`` L0l0!~0UlDBD, PD0l0,0g0S00l00I00, 0CD0lQu0 0 l00g0g0,II. L00000lI00

S
yD00S, PDlD NCD0,lBlS, 1` |v0lS0D CBS0llBDB.b/ g0S0 y l0 0l0DI0, L0CI~
D0S00B!D00CB00BUD!v0lS!0B0L0DlB00V0D0ZU0lB,LBIBCBS,7}.
LIB00 0D V0lZ, l0Il0, N000l0llS0l00, vlll0S 0 0IIl0lI0S. l'0C0000l0 0`0ICDl0l, lU,
lBlS, lv0lS!0D CBS0llBDB.Nu00l0ll0Cl00,Clu0000S y 0IIl0I0S.l0 0C00000 00l 0I~
CDll0l0g0,Pl0,BlC00DB,).
L BI0 00 l0X0lBBCvBD0D0 0S0C0lI0ClCU00Dl0lBBDSlBCC0Dy lBC0DCl0~
C0D.V0BS0,0I 0[0Dl0,Nl0D0lN0vlg0l00yS00,c00DSL0lCl00PlI,lBIS,Z.
` 0,0y0,BIZBD0S 0D0lD0SU0 00 0SD000S,0DZ, Z lJ0y0 0.0CCl00 1} 7,
@S.`Z`~ |Z 0D BlCUBl).
'' !D0D00D,00l@0,u000000XlS00C000S0D[0S0CD0lQu0S,PUDI0l,lBlS,.
LB000DUUy,.,L0S0IIl0lI0S00l0u000Dll0,PUD0I,BIS,.
V0BS0,0I 0[00l0,0DSBU00~VDC0D,0lDB00I0,tl0g00u0lX0,000Il0uX000v00uX,
Dll0S0Dl0 00Cl000,MBCD00,lBlS,.
'" N0l, 0SK0 |00.|, 0000Il0fI0000Il0l, MBvBl0 0S!@D CD0000l@0 lBZl0l,
LB0DlI0@0 |NBSS.|, ZZ.
I0gI000S 00 L0S0lg00000 0ly0CD0lQu0 00LC0l0 L00I00 00S I0v0uX luDllCS,
l0l00UC000DLBD@IDS, UDS,L00uDllQu00v0lD0S0l0000v00S.L0S0DuS00lLC0~
l0 0ly0CD0lQu0 0 0S L0uIS 0v0lul0000lI0S 0070 |I, 0lD,lBlS, @S.Z~
J`Z 0DBICUlBl).
V0BDS00S0Sl0y0C0S0DI0XlS,, ZZ.
WBl0D00,LD.,LBDSCB0UlDBDS0.P @0D0Bl0@y,0DI0XlS,A,ZZ 8@S.~`.
'"BlD0D0,L0Cly DD,UBDUZZ,10I00l,ll0S0l,NDCD,ZZ.
^WD0l,BD0l0,`yD@ D0DUll0,0I WD0D 00 D0U D0@D,0D 00 h

0lD00S.
L00v0IS0l00SWlDSu000S,ll!DC00DPlCD0CUlBlll0SS,NU0vBT0lK, lv0lSt0DCBS~
0BDB.`V0BIC0DlBDBB,0CU8D000D000lUUl0,0D00h00D00S.L00v0IS0Cl000S
C00 0Su0l000S, L0!0lBlUSBv0ll,BlC00B,ZZ, @S.~}.
N0l,0SDK0|00.|,0.Cl.,8@.XV.

61SOl8i10806S 6SC1l0108S
I0\\ \00l0
O
00@fBlB C0D\IB \00l0@B
BIBIBSBBDOD B IDUCDD NBIX DBy ODS \IDS OB BISDDBS BD Bl HUDOD.
U!BD0S CIB0D U0 DBy ODS \IDS OB BISDDBS y U!BDBS DD. LDHD HD!~
HD, lB DCU!IBDC!B DDS I0CU0IOB 0l DUHDI 0SCU/SlvD BD UD !BZDDBHIBD\D
/0CU/SlvD, UDB lBCC!DD UB SB BIO!D lB HByDIB OB lDS UB \fBDB]BHDS BD
BIU!\BC\UIB y BD SUS [HUCDBS V0CBS !DClUSD HBS O!VB!\!ODS) O!SCUISDS
SDDIB 0l O!SBD y lB !DVBS\!@BCIDD. LS\DS !DClUyBD B!BO!@HBS CDD\0HD~
IBDBDS SUI@!ODS O0 UDB BBIBD\B D0S!CtDD BD\IB DCIDDBS HU\UBHBD\B
BXClUyBD\0S. CB]BS CDD\IB DlDDS, C!ICUlBCDD CDD\IB ID@IBHB, O!B@IBHBS
CDD\IB O!DU]DS, LD!DB CDD\IB CC!O0D\0, DIHB CDD\IB !@UIB ... , y lB !S
\B S!@UB y S!@UB. LB \BDOBDC!B D!UICB\DI!B [llBH0S0lB I0\IDKBD\!BDB D lB
V0D@BDZB O0 lB D!S\DI!B OBl BI\B Wll!D!BDB) \IBDB UB BOHIBIS0 DI SU
\0ICB lDD@BV!OBO. Ll OUBl!SHD 0S\B \BD D!0D BCDHDOBOD BD lBS D!S\DI!BS,
\0DIBS y BC\UBlIOBO O0l O!SBD BIUl\BC\DD!CD U0 DOBHDS BlBC!BI
\BD\D SU\Il0S HB\!C0S CDHD @ID\0SCBS BIDOlBS. ND BIBCB CBSUBl!OBO,
DI B]BHlD, UB UDB OB lBS HBS BI0ClBOBS `I0V!S\l\BS` O0 BIU!\BC\UIB
O0 lBS I0C!0D\0S O0CBOBS \0HBSB DI \\UD DSllDDS [HBD\BD!BDOD
BS, Bl HBDDS BD Bl DDHDIB, B S!H0\IlB BIUI\0C\DDlCB DI HBO!DS OIS
\ID\DS B |DS CDHDS!\!VDS). Ll CBIBC\BI 0DS!\!VD OBl BIU!\BC\D 0S UD BC\0
IBlB]D DBS\B Bl UD\D OB ll0@BI B lB BD0COD\B D Bl C!CD0. IBCDIOBHDS lB
`!DOI@DBCIDD BIU!\BC\DD!CB SUSC!\BOB B !BZ O0 lB !DV!\BC!DD O0 lB LCDl0
OBS BBUX~I\S Bl NUS0UH D NDO0ID I\ 0D lB O0CBOB OB 17 [D 0D
S0HDS 0D lB C!\B OB BI\IUO0 \B!D UB N U\!l!ZD 0D SU l!DID O0 1
S0DI0 0l NDN` `UBOBS S0I UD HUSBD D UBOBS S0I HDO0IDD, 0ID DD
lBS ODS CDSBS B lB V0Z). LDHD 0D lB V!OB H!SHB, BIBCB UB lB BIU!
\0C\UIB y SUS S0DS!D!l!OBOBS SB DBD DI@BD!ZBOD OUIBD\B HUCDD \!BHD
blWI0, mU. b|ll f9On|tlI09 0U U, b wUyU0 OqmlIOU, Num YOm, , ps JJ4JJb.
D
B\!BCBCDl CB UDB SBl!B CB DUBSDS UB lByBD lB CBl!CBIUlB. ND BS UB
BSB DBDB!B CB BDSB! DD BSUV!BlB UBlBDBDIB CDDBCIBCB CDD lB !D~
!B SUO]B\!V!CBC DDCBIDB, CDDD N!CDBl DUCBUl y DIlDS DUCDDS !DB
IBCIUB!BS DBD !DIBDBCD DDS!BlDDS VBl!BDBDBDIB. B!D IDClUSD DU~
CBUl, CUyB CB!lBlB !DBlBCUBl DClB CBC!ISB UB BSIBOB CB!D!CB Dl
SU DDDUDBDIBl !DIBDD CB SUOVB!IIl lDS !B@DBDBS y C!BS!!CBCIDDBS CB
lB DDCBlD!CBC [O!DB!!B U DlB),' CByD VCIIDB BD DCBS!DDBS CB BSB DIDB
CB BDSBl, lB DBS lDIB CB !B DDCBlD!CBC |DBC!BCB). l!DC!!D CB SU
BDDSD BDSByD L0S 00DI0S 0S CDS0S, DUCBU\ CB UD !BSI Bl BSCl!
O!I UB `BX!SIBD CDS D!DBS CB CDDBlBCIDD y SDlD CDS. \B CDDBlBC!DD
CB !B DBC!CB y lB CBl DlCBD.' MBCBDDS @BSDS CB CD!Dl Bl VBl B DUCBU!
BlCBl Bl BU!\IO!ID BD IB DBS !BSOBlBC!ZB CB lBS lBDBS CD@D!IVBS, Bl
!DBlB!VD CBIB@Dl!CD. DIBDIB! Il CDD !BS CB \DDD BD lD UB SI@UB,
DIBDIBS VDy CDDSI!UyBDCD D! lD!D C!SCUlSD.
llBDCBl C!IBDCD B N!CDB\ DUCBUl y lDUCDD NBlX SDlD CDD!!DB D!
BBD CB CDDl!C!CBC CDD IBlBC!DD B lB DlDB y Bl lDCBSD UB VDy B lBCD~
l!BI BD BSIB OlBVB BDSByD |BD BIBS CB lB S!DBlB, BS UD BDSByD Dl0MlD).
LB CUBSI!DD BUI BS lB S!@UIBDIB CBOBlBDDS lBSBl DByDl BBDC!DD B
UDB DUBVB BSC!S!DD BXIIBD!C!DBl!BDBDIB lDOUSB CB lB BlU!BCUlB BC~
IUB!, UD CISDB UB \IBVB !BDD BX!SIBDCD OB]D \B !Ol!CB CBl CBOBB SD
O!B CDDIBXD CDDlB lDCBSD, B!D UB lBS lBBl!CBCBS CBl U!OBD!SDD @lD~
OBl y lDS S!SIBDBS CB C!SBD Dl DlCBDBCDl DBD VUBlD B lBBV!VBl BDOBS
lBBl!CBCBS SB DBD VUB!D UO!CUBS, CDDD lDS CDS B!BC!@DBS CDDIDBDBS
BD lB CBSCI!C!DD CB lBS UBIZBS UB CBD DIDB y S!BD B lB DOlB y Bl BD~
SBDIBDD BIU!BCIDD!CDS UD CBOBB UB DClBDDS CBIBCIBl!ZBl CDDD
CB C!UCBCBS CDDI!B D!CBDBCDIBS. LD DlDD B BSDS CDS BD\!DS CBDDS
SB DBD DlDBCD @lUDS CB SB@U!CDlBS, CBBDSDlBS y ClI!CDS. DClBDDS
CBDDDIDBl B BSB C!V!S!DD CDDD `Bl C!SDB BDlB lB DDgI00 y lB DD0~
g0. BDlB BUB\IDS B!U!IBCDS y C!SBBCD!BS UB, BlB BDCDDIIBl Dl~
DUIBS UB !BS BlD!BD DBDB]BlSB BD B C!BBC!DD, SB DUBVBD !D!C!BlDBD~
B 0Cl0 UI0 BD SU OSUBCB CB UDB CDDlBDS!DD CB IBS CDDCICIDDBS
UB CBD DlDB B SU IBlBB CB B!U!BCIDS, BS CBC!l, DBC!B lB DD@IBB CBl
UlOBD!SDD CDDBDDlBDBD |D lB C!UCBC, !DClUyBDCD B SUS DUCDBS `!D~
DSIDlBS CDDBDDlBDBBS) y BUBllDS BlU!BCDS D CISBBCDlBS CUyDS
BSUBIZDS !DVBS!@BCD!BS SB CIl!@BD 0Cl0 0DID, DBC!B \DS !DSIlUDBD

DS y CDDCBDS DB!B!VDS [CDDD lB DDlD@B) CB lDS DUBVDS S!SBDBS D

IDCBSDS CB C!SBD [!DClUyBDCD SU C!BC!BDB BOBD!CD CB BCDDlD@BS BD
lBC y S!SBDBS CB lDCUCC!DD BUIDDB!ZBCDS). LD lD UB S!@UB, l!BDB! B
BSB C!V!S!DD lB CB lDS 00gI0HCDS CDDlB lDS IDCSu0S.
lB@lBH8tlC0S C0DtlB l0CBSUBlBS
LDS 0l0gI0HlCDS SB BSBD lDS C! BS V!B]BDCD, DBC!BDCD DDS y BDBl!ZBDCD
lB C!UCBC CDDBDDlBDBB BD DCB SU CDDlB[!CBC, CBSCB lB !DlBBSlUC
U!B B \B DlDB CDDSlUICB, BlB !DB@!DBl B!SB]BS CB CBDS. MBD BSBCD
@!BD BlB CB SU !BDD BD lU@BlBS CDHD Bl CBlB CBl ID CB lBS BllBS,
lBDB, MDUSDD, NBDDBBD, BD CIUCBCBS BUIDBBS DBlCD!BS D B!SB]BS
UlS!CDS DDlBlBS. MBD VDlBCD BD DBl!CDBlD SDOlB LB@DS y CBlCUlBCD Bl
SUBlD DBC!D BC!!CBCD CB MDD@ hDD@. LD @BDBlB\, CUBDD DBS lBIDS y DBS
!DBSBlBCDS SBBD lDS CBS!DDS D lDS CBlCUlDS, DB]Dl. MBD BDBl!ZBCD CDHD
BSDS lU@BlBS DBD CBDO!BCD ClBDB!CB, y B DBDUCD lBC!BDBDBDB, CDD~
V!lDCDSB BD Bl@D C!S!DD CB lB C!UCBC Bl CDDD lB ClBBDDS CDDDCBl.
BSUS, VUBlVBD y DDS lD CUBDBD. MBCBD C!B@lBDBS y DD]BS CB CBlCUlD,
lBCD!lBD BSBCS!CBS, BSCl!OBD !BS CB DID !D@BD!DSDS y UOl!CBD UD
DDDDD CB l!OlDS. Bl!! CB BSBS BCI!V!CBCBS, BSB @IUD CB BlU!IBCDS
DO!BDB UD CDDDC!D!BDD SDOlB !D !DDB@BOlBDBDB BXlBD UB lBSUlB Bl
BSBC!D @lDOBl CDDCB BD lB BCUBl!CBC SB S!B IDCB !DBlVBDC!DD B!U!~
BCDD!CB. LSD, DDS C!CBD BllDS, BlD!B Bl BlU!BCD SBOBl CDDD DBCBl
DB]D! SU lBOB]D CUBDCD SB lB ICB CDDSlU!l BD C!CDDS BSCBDBlIDS. lDS
C!B@!BDBI!CDS DD SDlD lBS @USB CBSCUOl!l DUBVBS DlHBS CB UlOBD!SDD,
S!DD UB SB BSB@UIBD CB UB Bl UlOBD!SDD SBB S!BDlB Bl@D DUBVD B !DBS
BlBCD. LDDD lDS D!BHOlDS CB lB I!U!BC!DD CB 0I IB, lB H!S!DD CB
BSDS BlU!BCDS BS V!BjBl Dl B! BSBC!D CBSCUOl!BDCD DUBVBS DlDBS
CB UlOBD!SDD B!!BD@BDB y VDlVBllBS B lB V!CB lD DBCBD DD SDlD BlB CDD
IBlDDS!D B BUBIlDS CB DDSDIDS SUUBSBDBDB !DCBBCBS CB VD!Bl BD
BlD, S!DD, lD UB BS DBS !DDlBDB, BlB C!DBDBI SUS lD!BS CBllBlBS
BlU!BCDDICBS |lBCUBlCBD B\ lBCDDDC!D!BDD lDBS!DDBl UB SB C!D B
HDOBl VBDUl! y B HBD hDDlDBBS Dl SUS l!HBlDS l!OlDS). BSCB UB
HByDBl BDDBD V!S!BlB LDS PD@BlBS BD lB CCBCB CB y VDlV!BlB B

:UIDBIDClBDBDODSUSBCD\D@BSBI\llClBlBS CDDUDCUBOIDSDC\lCD,
DSB!Ul\BC\DSySUS\BDIlZBODIBSDBDBS\BODOlB@IBDBDODBXBIlBDClBS
iClDOlSDDlDlBSBUlBDBSDBDDBCDDB\VlB]B,lBDByDIBI\BOBlBSVBCBS
l lDlDBSBIBODDlD!BVIBDBD\BOBSCDDDClOD|BDBl CDD\BX\DOBlOlSCUI~
iD BIUl\BC\CDCD). UB Bl \UIlSDD BD S DlSDD DByB \!BDSDIDBOD \BD
BOlCBlDBD\BDUBS\!DDUDODBDO0CBOBSIBClBD\BS,CDDVl!\l0DODSBBDlB
DByD!lDOUS\IlBDUDOlBlBD\0IDlDDS OB DDB!DOBBDlBDS B lD@IBSDS,
iClD CDDIDB\BIBlBVBDClB OB BS\B DIDB BXClUSVBDBD\B CDD\BDDIB~
1BB OB \UI!SDD B!U\BC\CDlCD."LBSU0S OB \DOD,gUl0D DO!B DlVlOBI
?lIBSUl\BODBIUl\BC\CDlCD OB\ V!B]BOBOlBZ OBS B LBS VB@BSOB HDDBI\
/BD\UI,LBDlSB CD\\!DWDy \BVBD|ZBDDU!BD 1, CDDSUSBS\UOlBD~
BS\lCBDClBODS,Bl OB lDS BDDSDDZDS OB HBD hDDlDBBSBD NBDDB\\BDD
DS VBIBDDS OB LDllD HDWB BD HDDB! LDS \IBSBlSDO!DS SB CDDVlI\lBIDD,
BSBC\VBDBD\B, BD~IBD0|BD0D 0B L0S VBg0S, BI|D 0B MUBv0 7DIK y
|U000 CD0gB,` lBS BU\0D\CBS CDDIOBDBOBS X, ] y OB lDS DBDllBS\DS
lIUl\BC\CDlCDS OB \B OlUD\B DDOBIDlOBO, BD \D!DD B lDS CUBlBS Sl@UBD
1B!lBDODSBlDCDD\BDlBSDDIBS.
LDCBDDlD,Bl@IUDOBBIUl\BC\DSUBDOIBDDSllBDBIIDCBSU0BS
lBDBSBDBDODDBSUSDSCU!DSBS\UODS|llUDlDBODSBC\UBlDBD\BDIUD
!BClBD\B DDB!D OB BD\BllBS OB DIOBDBOD! BIBOBBD\BS), Dl DUCDD
DBDDSlD\BD\BCDDIBDOB!lB]BDBSClUOBOBSBX\!BD]BIBSDBS UBCDDD
U@B!BSODDOBCDDIBICDDDDBD\BSOBBBC\ICDCBDBIB\DS,SD|W0IBD
JVLl!B\BS.LS\B@IUD\IBSDDCDBlByBDODDBDUBlBSOBlID@IBDBNByB
D\B!CBDDlBDOD CDD SUS BD!@DS CDDSB]DS SDD!B l!DBBS OB CDDBDOD y
iB@DBD\DSOBID@!BDBClCDOBDDOBlBOD.LISCU\BDSDDIBlDSDBDBlCDS
B lDSSlS\BDBSBDlBI\DSy lBOlBIBDClBBD\IBlBSCU!VBS~S|DB, lDSBl~
[DIl\DDS ClBSllCB\DIlDS y lDS 0ICDS MLH

!IB\BBD ]UD\DS y IBBllZBD
B\U!BS OlDBDlCBS OB lDS DDVlDlBD\DS OB SlDUlBClDDBS BC\VBS lDOB~
BIDlDBOBS, lDB@lDBDOD DIDBS lUlOBS OB BSBClDSBIUl\BC\CDlCDSBD
DBUB\BS UB B!BCBD |y BVBCBSSB DUBVBDCDDD) DlCDDS B\BS\BODS.
>B BD\USBSDBD CDD CDSBS CDDD BSCIlDl! lDBBS OB CDDBDODS DBS llD~
IlBSBIBlBS DBUlDBS LMLyDBDlBDCDDDSl UOlBSBDVBIOBOBIBDBD\B
B\BI lB OlBIBDClB BD\IB Bl CCOl@D OB lB DBUlDB y lDS !D\DCDlDS OB
IID@IBDBClCDOB Bl\DDlVBl|BUDUBlDSl@UBDBSBDODDBlBIBBX\!CBI
CDD BBC\B BS\D B\ OlSBDD OB UDB BCDBOB). l B lDS OB@!BDB\lCDS SB

lBSUBOBVBI B\BD\DS Bl BDDlBD\BlDSlIBODBD LBS VB@BS OB lBBlCUlB

CB0DSSBBVBDOB\BVBDDOB!DBI@D,lBDlCBDSlCBUBBSCUCDBDlDS
!DCBSUBlBSBS Bl!UlODOB lBCDI\BODIBBS\BIBDll\D@IBlCB.NlBD\IBS UB
lDSOlB@IBDB\lCDSBODIBDBlCDD\BX\D|SlD[BDBSU\lllZBlBSBBlBDIa), loS
IDCBSUBlBSVlVBDB!B BlIDCBSDOBOlSBD|SlDBXllCBIDUDC
.
BUBSl@~
DllCBBDIBBllOBO). Ll`CDD\BX\DOBSUS!DyBC\DSSDDlDSID!DSIDCB~
SDS OBO!SBDDy CUBD\D DBS DBUlDBlBS, DB]DI. LBDBSBBlBISB UBlDS
!DCBSUB\BS D! OB lB[DS BSCIlDBD \BD\DS llDIDS CDDD lDS OlB@IBDB\lCDS
|BBIBCB B\@D BDSByD CBSUBl, DDIDBlDBD\B OB Bl@UlBD CDDD
.
NBDUBl
LBLBDOB,BIDBS\BDDCD\0CDlCDUBlDSDlBDDIDSOBl@IUDD!SBDD~
lBS\BDBDlBBIlD,SUSDBOlDSSDDlDSDIDSDD~DB,lBSB@lDBSOBByUOBy
\BS lBVlS\BS OB BBlCDUCD6). LDBS\DSOBS, BlDCD OB SU lDVBS\l@BClCD
DD SB CBD\IB\BD\D BD lDS ID@IBDBS lDOlVOUBlBS, CDDDBDBl\IBDB]DBD
IBOlD\Bll@BD\B OB lDSSlS\BDBSOBIDOUCClCDOl@l\BlBS DBClBCDD]Ua\DS
DBS BU\DCDDSClBD\BS y CDD\IDlBDlBS. UDD]B\lVDBSCIBBlIBOBS1lU\OBS
Ol@!\BlBS UB SlIVBD CDDD VBIOBOBIDS BCDSlS\BDBS OBl OBSllB@UB

Oe
SUS CDD\lDUBS DBIBClDDBS OB OlSBD. LDDBIBODS CDD lDS OtB@IBDB\t
CDS,SU BSClDBClCDDI lBS ClUOBOBS BS IBC\lCB y OlIBC\B.lBS ClUOBOBS
SDD lDS BDlBZBDlBD\DS ODDOB SB Sl\BD lDS DB]DIBS \BlBa\DS BD e\IDS
CBDDS OBl OlSBDD, lBS DDVBOBOBS \0CDlCBS y lBS lDOUS\OBS CIBB\IVBS.
SDSCDlBDD!BODIBSBIDl\BD BD\DDCBS B lDSIDCBSUBlBSBDSBDDlBIB
IBO OB CDDDClDlBD\D \0CDlCD DBCBSBIlB BIB BISB@UlI DB]DI SU ID!B
DDIBOB OlSBDD DIlBD\BODDBClBlB\0CDlCB.
LDD BS\BS DDSBIVBClDDBS DOBDDS VBI BD U0 UD\D CDDVBI@BD lD~
BSBIBOBDBD\B lDS IDCBSUBlBS y lDS O!B@IBDB\lCDS BlIB
.
OB

ODI OB UDB
!BSClDBClCD CDDBI\lOB DI IBZDDBS CDDlB\BDBD\B O!S\u\BS DI
lB ClUOBO CDD\BDDIBDBB. LS lB DB\UIBlBZB BSUlZDI0DlCB OB BSB BS~
ClSlCD BD\IB CCDD lBDBD\B OBl BIUl\BC\D CDD\BDDIBDBD OlB@IBDBIB
!DBSBIB Bl D\BDClBl OB lB ClUOBO CDD\BDDIBDBB, lD U0 CDDlIDB
Bl@UDBSOBlBS CDDSBCUBDClBSBIUl\BC\CDlCBSOBUDBBIBOBlIDeBOBDI
OlSClllDBS lDDB@BDlBDBD\B@lDDBlBS, BlllBClDDBS OBl SBDBl y C!UOBOBS.
LDUBDOIBDDS OBDDDlDBI`lD\Bll@BDClBOBl OlSBD DDy BS\BDlBDOB~
lDlOB BD \0IDlDDS OB lB CBBClOBO OB UD BIUl\BC\D BIB \IBSDDBI y
DB@DClBI,BIBDBIBI BlDBI@BDOB]BIDBlBVBZ BDBIBlBlDB)Sa IDlD
CBDDOBCDDDClDlBD\D. DOBBDOlBD\BDBD\BOBSUDIDB,lBSClUOBOBS
d
IDlCDCD\C CS\IDUlBD CSB CBBCICBC. CI CSB IBZCD, DC ICSUl\B SCI~
IICDCCD\C UC lB B\CDCICD CCl BIUI\CC\C CCD\CDCIBDCC [CI DC CCCII
U CISCDBlICBC) SC VCB CBCB VCZ DBS CIVICICB CD\IC lBS UCIZBS UC CBD
CIDB B lBS CCDI_UIBCICDCS _ICDBICS CCl UIDBDISDC CI UD lBCC y, CI
\IC, BUClICS ID\CICSCS BSCCIBCCS CCD SUS IC_ICSIVBDCD\C DBS DB~
[UIDBICS SIS\CDBS ICICS CC CISCHC. Ll D!CC ClI_IC CC ICCCSBI CS\C
lIB_IBDB CD BIIICUlBI CCIB SCI CI CC lB BlSB VCD\B]B. VCI CD DUCSIIB
lCCCICD UDB CCICD CXClUyCDIC. LCDC SCDBlBICO ClCUZC y UB\IBII CD
U CB, CUBIUICI \IC CC CSUIZCICDIB \IBC CCDS!_C Cl C\CDCIBI CC lB
3UI\!lICICBC ICCUCIIVB. LC CXICSBD CD lBS IIDCIBS CCS lDCBS CC SU
ICIC CSUCIZC CI SCDICBSBI ICS ICSUDICS lDI\CS CC IBS CISCDBII~
BCCS CSCIDCICBS. L POl~L3C |C CSCIIOIDCS B CC. LCDC CBCB UDC
C DCSCIICS CIB VBIICS, CD \CIBl yB CIBDCS PUCDCS." UC |B DICIDB 0S
50PBOBCBCB VCZ DBS VCICC CCDIIDB lB VCD\B]B CC IDB_IDBI SICDIC
JUCDCS C\ICS CBDCS, y lUC_C lBDZBISC.
LS0 llDI0 DBCl0 O0 UD 0X0 O0 0l@0S. 0 B IlSB QU0 SBCUO0, BI 00l0, 0O0 0 BDlllBI B
0DSBRl0D0 Bl DU0SI0' B QU0 l0D0 DU0SIB 0OBO y DU0SIB @00@lBB=, IBS0IDBDO0
JOBS lBS SU0IlCl0S 0IO0DBOBS y 0O0S l0S lBD0S QU0 B]USBD B BDUDOBDClB O0 S0I0S,
I0V0CBDO0 UDB lBl@B VBClBCl0D 0 lDQUl0UO 0D DU0SlB l8ClCB Rll0DBIlB O0 !0 NlSD0 y
I0. 0UCBUl, NlCH0l, L0S H0S 0 0S C00S0S. u00 0ICD000gI0 00S SCI00C0S 0uH0I00S,
BllDBlO, BIS, 19|V0lSl0D CBS0IBDB' L0S 00DI0S y 0S C0S0S u00 0Iu000g0 00 0S
00Cl0S 0uH000S, l@l0 XXl LOl0I0S, NBOIlO, 200*.@. 1).
DO., 8@. 9.
DO00DOl0D0D0D0, 0DC0DlBI UDB DBD0IB O0 lBDB]BI BD0 0D 0UCBU C0D0 0D 0S0
BlX |0D U@Bl O0l 0l0, D8S 0DVl0} BlB 0S0 llR0l IlB0, D0 O0[B C0D lB S0DSBCl0D,
J0D0, C0R0 O0 QU0 yB D0 D0CD0 BII0 O0 IBDB[0' 0S UD l00 D8S O0 I0SlOl@lBCl0D QU0
00SlCl0D. LS0 VllB[0 O0 C0DC00S 0U0S0S HBlBO0 0D 0S 0SCIl0S O0 0UCBU! S0
JDVllIl0, 0l SUU0S0, 0D UD0 O0 l0S 0DBS C0DIBl0S O0 UD0 O0 SUS R8S l00S S0@UlO0~
C0D0 0 I0l0 lll0S 0l0UZ0 S0DBl0' l Dl llDl0 UOl0lB S0l Bl@0 D8S, y0 B0BIB B
JB D0Cl0D C0DSBD0 0D 0UCBU, lB D0Cl0D O0 O0Dl0. 0UCBU 0SBDB 0DS0Sl0DBO0 0I 0
JD l0, lDCUy0DO0 B Bl0llOBO CBIBC0fSlCB O0l O0D!0. T0 D0 l00DOlO0 DBC0I UD O0Dl0 O0
1UCBUl, 0D 0l S0DlO0 QU0 0 OBDB B 0S0 0IDlD0. I00lCl0D, SUBDBCl0D, l00lD0 O0 l0
lSR0` | ... ,O0SO0DBRl0D0 y O0S@BIIBDl0D0 BBl. 0l0UZ0, ll0S, P0U00S !-!,
lDUl, BIS, 1990 |V0lSl0D CBS0BDB' L00v0IS0CI000S !7-!, LOl0IlBl I0~0X0S,
1l0DClB, 199,8@S. 137138.
J
L0 QU0 D0 lDlCB QU0 B0S 0[0Rl0S l0Cl0D0S D0 OlS0D@BD O0 SU l0lB @0D0Bl0@lB.
0C0IO0D0S QU0 L0 L0lDUSl0l l00lB 0SCllDll lIDl0S CUBDO0 VlB[BDB 0D lBSBl8DlC0S.
0SO0 B R0D0S l0S l0D0S O0l QSBl BlBC0 O0 J0DD BX0D |UD 0OllCl0 l0y0CBO0 y
C0DSlUlO0 0D CU0Sl0D O0 S0DBDBS BlB BC0D0OBl lB IlD0lB 0lB 0Ul00B R0O0lDB O0
VlB]0S 0D DBSB}, 0l UllSD0 S0 DB R0SlBO0 C0D0 UDB DBQUlDBllB BlIlCUlBlD0D0 BO0CUB~
OB BIB lDC0DlVBl lB lDV0DCl0D BlQUl0C0DlCB. U0 Bl OlV0lSlOBO O0 0DlBS DB0SlBS O0 B
R0O0lDlOBO, C0R0 lB W0lSS0DD0Sl0OlUD@ O0 Nl0S VBD O0l 0D0 |OlS0DBOB C0D0 DU0SlB
O0 UDB @lBD CBDBDB l0D0Cl0DB llO0IBOB 0I lB PL), 0 0S BlQU0S 0D8lC0S O0 lSD0y
|OlS0DBO0S R8S C0D0 UD RU0SlBll0 O0l l0@lBDB O0 00VlSl0D S0DBDBl O0 lSD0y}, S0
lDlClBIBD C0D0 lDSlUD0D0 BlB CBBl B B0DCl0D O0 lBS DUCD0OUDDl0S 0D l8DSlI0, S00
C0DlIDB 0 B0l ClBV0 QU0 DB 0DlO0 0 VlB]Bl 0D lB lDV0DCl0D O0l 0SBCl0 BlQUl0C0DlC0
D0O0lD0.
Y0DUIl, 0D0l y C0 f0WD, 0DlS0, L00Hl0g I0H L0S V0g0S, D0 Nl l0SS, BDDllO
@0 lNBSS.), 1972 |V0lSl0D CBS0llBDB. QI000I0000 00 L0S V0g0S. 0 SHO0SH0 0VI00ae 00
0 0IH0 0IuI0C00IC0, LOl0llB USBV0 llI, BIC0l0DB, 1978);h00lDBBS, 0D, 0h0uS
N0w T0IK, X0lO UDlV0lSly l0SS, NU0VB Y0lX, 1978|V0ISl0D CBS0llBDB' 0l/0 O0 MU0v0
70IK, LOl0llB USBV0 llI, BlC00DB, 2004),0w0, L0lID y 000l, l0O, L00g0 Cfy, D0
Nl I0SS, LBDDllO@0 |NBSS.}, 1978|V0lSl0D CBS0llBDB' Lu000 C0l0g0, LOl0llBl USBV0
lI, BlC0l0DB, 1998).
0l0UZ0, l!0S y UBBIl, 0llX, I 000uX. C0I0ISH0 0 SCDIZ0DI000, cOll0DS O0
NlDUl, BlS, 1980|V0ISl0D CBS0lBDB. H0S00S. C00SH0 y 0Squ0f000, Ol0llBl
l010X0S, VB!0DClB, 2000,8@. 9).
1
RClR 1I D0C0 C6 Q10CUCClOI I0 6Sl9ICRT
HBIlCK 0BUC0, 0IDBIO LBCH0

_B[D QUB CDDCtCtDDBS U0C0 BDBI S@DttCBCD UDB BXI0StDD CDDD BI~
QUt0CUIB DD BSBDCBI JBl VBZ S0B DBS S0DClllD 0DBZBI DI IBSDD~
C0I CB DIDB DB@BtVB. 0 DBCDD, St UDB BIQUt0CUIB DD 0SBDCBI CDDStS0
BD @BDBIBI SU0OtCt0S DBS D D0DDS OlBDCBS QU0 I0CtOtIBD Bl DDDOI0 C0
`BCttCtD Bl S0I IBDS0ItCBS B UDB OB0IlB C0 SD|W0IP C0 IDCUCCtDD BIB
CI0BI UDBS CDDSIUCCtDD0S CBIStDBS SlD IBlBCtDD Bl@UDB CDD 0l SBCtDBDD
0tSDItCD SDCtBl QU0 CDDDIDB lB CtUCBC, 0DDDC0S lD DtCD QU0 0SBDDS
RBCt0DCD 0S BI0UBI 0l DtD IDDBDtCD C0l BtQUtBCD BItSB.
NBS BllB CB tDBDCtDDBS DlBDtCBS, BSB tDIDCUCCtDD D0@BlVB C0O0
SBIVtIODS BIB C0BIDtDBI UDB S0It0 C0 CIt0I!DS B lDS QU0 DDS @USBIB
I0SDDC0I C0 DBD0IB DSttVB BIB QU0 DD SB DDS 0SCB0 BQU0llD QU0
V0ICBCBIBD0D0 0SB 0D [U0@D C0DID CB lBS DStOtlCBC0S C0 UDB BIQUl~
\0CUlB DD 0SBDCBI 0D 0l DDDBDD BCUBl. B IBB C0 UDB CUBStDD C0
DIDB, CtUCBC IDCUClVtCBC.
LD0C0DDS DI lB DIDB, U0S _DI QUB OBDDS B D0@BIlB PD 0S
CDDC0 I0StC0 lB `BSCtDBCtDD. tD lU@BI B CUCBS, UDB BXIBDIClDBItB S0D~
SBCtDD C0 DC0I tDVBC0 B CUBlQUl0I BIQUt0CD B QUt0D lDS DDC0ltZBCD~
IBS C0 CtS0DD BSlStCD DI DIC0DBCDI JLP) l0 IDDICtDD0D lDS D0CtDS
BIB @0D0IBI SU0ItCt0S QU0 S0IB tDCBBZ C0 CI0BI CDD UDB I0@lB UD
CDDBS. LD 0S0 SBDtCD, DCIIBDDS CDDStC0IBI I0S lDS C0 DIDB. LB
S0DSBCtDD C0 DC0I U0C0 BBlBCBI 0D ItDBI lU@BI @IBCtBS B DDC0ltZB~
CDI0S BD 0I@DDDDtCDS CDDD hD!DD, QU0 IDDICtDDB lDS tDSIUD0DDS
BIB 0l CtS0DD tDD0CtBD C0 SU0ItCt0S CDDl0[BS HBSB 0 UDD C0 QU0
D0 I0SUlBD S0@UIBS 0D CUBDD B SU CDDBI0DCtB 0SBCtBl. LB @0D0 O0 B
t0 DD t0DB Dt IC0B C0 BSD, 0ID C0ltD0BI lDS UDDS C0 CDDIDl C0 UDB
SU0ICt0 NUIOS BIB @0D0IBI DIB SU0ItCl0 lUtCB 0SB Bl BlCBDC0 C0
0BUC0, BIfCK y LBCD0, 0fDBf0, `0wBf0S B 00DS\BDOBJ0 0000 0 f0OUC\0D, 0D 0y0~
0OSSS. PS Ork, PC\B1, BfC0!0DB , 0@S. b.

CUBlU!Bl USUBl!D \lBS UD BlBDC!ZBjB CB DBC!B RDlB, y BS BS CDDD CBDB
SBl. UB, Dl D\lD lBCD, DByB UB CDD\IDlBl BSBS SUBl!C!BS, DDC!!CBIlBS
Bl !D\BlVBD!I BD SUS CDDlCBDBCBS, CBllBS UH _lDSDl y BDl!CBllBS ... , BSD BS
D\lD \BDB CDDlB\BDBD\B C!S\ID\D UB UBCB lBSDlVBISB BSBDCDlB Bl
DUBI\D B D\lD y DUl\!l!CBHCD Bl lBSUUBS\D. B BR Bl lDVBlD!D, lBB\!~
CD UDB D\IB VBZ Dl BlU!\BC\DS CICDS CDDD PlB]BDClD BBlB~DD. DD
UBCB CDDS\IUIlSB DBCB UB HD SBB \lBDSDH!DlB B PU\DCBC.
Ll SB_UDCD \!D CB DlDB BS lB lDCUC!CB Dl _BDBIBCDlBS CDDlB]DS,
CDDD lDS S!DUlBCDlBS CB DDV!DIBD\DS CB Bl\CUlBS UB BDCDH\lBDDS
BH lD_IBDBS CB BHIDBC!DD CDDD NByB, D\!DB_B U D\IDS, DD SDD
Cl!\ICBDlBS BD S D!SDDS, BID UB HUDCB SB !HVBD\BlDD BIB BDI!CBl
DDjB\DS CDDClB\DS y, Dl \BD\D, DD lBS\BD B\BDC!DH B C!BI\DS BSBC\DS
CDDD, Dl B]BDlD, UB lBS CUB\lD BSU!DBS CB UH \BDlBID SBBD CDlB~
DBl!BS. LD Bl l!DBI CBSD, lB BSC!DBCIDD DBCB CB lB S!Dl!C!CBC CB UDB
!D\BlBZ BX\lBDBCBDBH\B \IBDSBlBH\B, Dl Bl CDD\lBlID, BH Bl SB_UDCD
BSB SBDSBCIDD lDCBCB CBl DBCDD CB VBlDDS B DBDCD CB DD\DlBS \BD
CDDB]DS UB yB DD CDD\lDlBDDS Bl DUlSD _BDBlBCDl y CB UB Bl lB~
SUl\BCD DDS llB_B CDDD S! BS\UV!BlB CUD!Bf\D Dl UH DBH\D CB !DDCBDC!B
D, C!CDD CB D\lD DDCD, Dl SU CBlBC\Bl BZBlDSD D BCCICBD\Bl. LlB_BCD Bl
DDDBD\D, BS\B CBDS BS \D\BlDBD\B CB\BlD!D!S\B, BlD, CDDD DD BH\BH~
CBDDS lDS Bl_Dl!\DDS CB\BlD!DBD\BS, lBS DlDBS BBlBCBH !DIBSBS CDD
UDB SUBl\B CB BUlB CDHBl!CB Dl SU SUUBS\B BBB\Dl!BCBC.
Dl l\IDD, BX!S\B UHB \BICBlB VB, !HBlDBD\B DUCRD DBS DDDBS\B

UB CDDSIS\B BD lBSC!DC!I CB lB CB]B DB_lB CBl DlCBDBCDl y DDBlSB B

CDDlBl BBlBS, CDDD BSDS BSUBDBS BSCU\DI!CDS BVBBCDS DI Bl \IBD~
D, 0S\B BS UD lDCBSD UB \!BDB B VBD\BjB CB CIBBl SUBlIC!BS V!BDlBS,
BS\D BS, CB CUlVB\UlB CBlD, lD UB SB lBCUCB B CBC!l UB BSB SUBl!CIB BS
!D\lDSBCBDBD\B BUCl!C!BDB.
LB DBUB\B CB BBl \BDClB UB C!_!\Bl!ZBlSB BIB \lBDSBlIllB B UD
lD_lBDB UB lB_UlBI!CB SUS SUBl!C!BS, BD\BS CB CDDVBl\!l lDS BlCD!VDS
BD V!l\UDSDS \lBjBS CB I~0~DI0I BlB BlDBS\BBl!SB.
LD BS\BS \lBS BS\lB\B_!BS, lD `DD BS\BDCBI V!BDB B S!_H!!CBI `Dl!_!~
DBl` D `CDDlB]D, BID BD \DCDS lDS CBSDS CDD\!DUBDDS BDClBCDS BD UDB
CDDCBC!DH lD!B CB lBS DBlBS Bl\BS UB BlBCB CDDVBl\!l Bl lDyBC\D
BlU!\BC\DD!CD BD UD BC\D CB ClBBC!DD !HC!VICUBl. BSCB BSB UD\D CB

V!S\B, lB BlU!\BC\UlB DD BS\BDCBl SB !DSCl!D!lB BD UDB \lBC!C!DD CB lB

S!D_UlBl!CBC UB B\lBV!BSB \DCD \!D CB BC\!V!CBCBS. lB BMBSBDB, B Bl~
\S\!CB, lB !DCUS\l!Bl y lB C!_!\Bl. Ll UD\D CB V!S\B Bl\BlDB\!VD BS Bl CB lBS
SBlIBS, Bl DD[B\D CDDD CBSD BfI!CUlBl CB UDB CDD\!DU!CBC. ND DDS\BD\B,
|DClUSD BD CBDBD ClBl!!CBlSB lBS CDSBS UBS DDy, _lBC!BS B B DB_!B CBl
0DIDlD_ SBDBDDS UB CUBUBl CDSB UBCB CDDVBfI!lSB BD D\lB. D\BD~
\BDCD BV!\Bl B LBl!DC!S y Bl UDlCU0, lB!CBDBD\B CBBDDS BD lB LSC!lB CB
BS \lBDSDlDBCIDDBS, BlC!BDCD lB CDDS!S\BDC!B DBCBSBl!B BlB _BlBD~
\!ZBl UDB CDD\!DU!CBC Bf\I!CIBl BD\lB DlDBS UB DD BS\BD lBlBC!DDBCBS
BD\lB S. _U0 BS UDB DlDB _U0 CBDBD \BDBl BD CDDD CDS DDjB\DS
BIB UB DCBDDS CBCIl UB \!BDBD lB D!SDB DlDB LB lBSUBS\B lBS!CB
BD UH CDDCB\D DBS!CD CB lB \BDlB BlU!\BC\DD!CB, BlD \BDD!0D BD lDS
BX!DDBS DDCBlDDS CB lB _BDDB\lB DlDUlBCDS Dl BV!C MlDBlI BD SU
l!DlD UDD000DDS D0 0 _0D00I'0. DS DD]B\DS \!BDBD lB D!SDB DlDB
CUBDCD !DCBBDC!BD\BDBD\B CB SU \BDBDD, SUS BlBDBD\DS \!BDBD lDS
D!SDDS BD_UlDS y DBD\IBDBD lBS D!SDBS lDDlC!DDBS. UDBS BlBDlBS
lBSDBlBC!ZBS. LB lBDCUBC!DD Dl lB DlDB SB DU\lB CB UDB \BDlB CB
lBS lDDlC!DDBS UB BS HBCBSBl!D CDDlBDCBl S! UBlBDDS BV!\Bl lDS
B!_lDS UB, CDD CBDBS!BCB lBCUBDC!B, BCBCDBD BD Bl CBD!DD CBl BD~
SBD!BD\D BlU!\BC\DD!CD, CBSCB lB BCS\!CB DBD!\B_Dl!CB Bl NDCUlDl CB
LB LDlDUS!Bl.
B RBCDD, lB !lDSDB UB lBD\BB CDD DByDl ClBl!CBC Bl lDDlBDB y
SU lBlBC!DD CDD lB BlU!\BC\UlB SB BDCUBD\lB BD L SD|S0 CB \B\DD. _B
U0 \lB\B BS\B !DlD \B\DD SB lBDCUB Dl BSBS _BD\BS, lDS SD!S\BS,
CBBCBS CB SDS\BDBl UD Bl_UDBD\D y SU CDD\lBl!D y UB, _lBC!BS B UD
C!SCUlSD DlllBD\B, CB!BDCBH \BS!S \D\BlDBD\B DUBS\BS SB_D SU !D\B~
l0S. LD lBSUDBD, lDS SD!S\BS SDD ClBBCDlBS CB !DB_BDBS UB lBC\!CBD
Bl 0DIDlD_ DBC!BD\B lB lB\Dl!CB. LDDD \!BDB Dl CDS\UDDlB, DClB\BS
C!BlD_B BlB BXBD!DBl CDS DS!C!DDBS BD\B_DD!CBS. Dl UH BCD, lB CB
MBlBCl!\D, SB_D Bl CUBl \DCD lUyB. 1Bl B!lDBC!DD DD BS C!C!l CB lBDB\!l,
DlUB S! \DCD UBlB CBDD!D y SDlD CBDD!D, _CDDD DClBDDS S!U!BlB
CBl DDDDlB B lBS CDSBS CB lBS UB DBDlBDDS LB DS!D!\!CBC O0lD_DS
IBSUDDB UB BX!S\B UD SUS\lB\D !DVBl!BDB. Dl D\lD lBCD, lB DS!C!DD CB
BlD0D!CBS lBSUl\B BBDBS DBDDS lB_Il, UBS\D UB lB\BDCB UB Bl
BS UDD y SDlD UDD BlDBDBCB. LS\B SB_UDCB \BS!S BS \DCBVB DBS C!C!l

BSCS\BDBISIDCSCBDIHCSBlB BHCSBOICC\CHB OB BIHBDIOBS,SB@D

CUBl Bl UDC OBDB SBI CI CCHlB\C C DC SBI BD BDSClU\C. CD\CDCBS,
CCHC BS CSIDlB Bl OISCUISC SCIS\B, OISCUISC UB BS BIC BS `BlSC
UD \IBHC1 CD L SC|S0, B\CD V!BDB B IBCCDCCBI UB VIVIHCS BD UD
1UDOCUBBD\IBBZB Bl SBI y BDC SBI. LB BlBDIB@IIB@B BSIBCISB BD
X\IBHC.SuH|CKBSI@DIICBBD\IBlBZBIBDCCD\BX\CSUBVBDOBSOBlB
+\BIBCCICDSICB OBBHCICOBCCHDB\BBBSCCHDDBCICDBSOB lB\IBS
jUB CIHBD lBSBlBDIBS.
PBIBCB BD\CDCBS\COCUD HUDOCOBIHB@BDBSy SIHUlBCIC. CHUDOC
'!SIDlB BS UDB CCIB OB OB lBS OBBS, UB SCD lBS DICBS BD\IOBOBS UB
SCBBDBlBIDHBDBDCIBylBCCIIUCICD. BICBSBSCCIBSDC\IBDBDD!D~
[UD VBlCI, UBS\C UB DC IBSBD\BD DBCBSBIIBHBD\B B HISHB IBlBCICD
!CD SU HCOBlC. UDB VBZ HBS, lB\CDSBHUBS\IBHUyIBCISCIBIIIBDOC~
iB BBS BI\BS VISUBlBS y BBBIUI\BC\UIB. CI UDlBOC, \BDBHCS DUBDBS
.CIBSUBIBSB\BDlBSICCICICDBSOBlHCOBlCy,CIC\IC,SIHUlBCICS,
>CHDIBSyIBlB[CSUBDCDBCBDUS\ICIBBlBICCICICD. LBICCICICD
>BOBSI@DB BDlB\DCCD Bl \BIHIDCI0|C y BD @IIB@C CCD Bl \BIHIDC CgCS.
NCS BDCCD\IBHCS BD\B lCS CIH!BD\CS HISHCS OB lB IBCICDBIOBO y OBl
JISCUISC. BIB lB\CD \COC CD[B\C HB\BIIB SB DBlB HBD!IBS\BHBD\B
2CIIU\C CI Bl U\UIC. 1BD\C BS BS UB DID@D HCOBlC SICC UBOB
@UBlBIB |OBB. LB IBlBCICDBIBC\BBDlB\CDBSlB UBUBOBCCDVBI\II
B IOBD\IOBO BD UDB ICCIC!CD IOBBl. lB IBlBCICD !SCHB\IICB OB !@UBl~
0BO,BIB\ICOB 1`J.
TB BS\B,\BDBHCS \COC lC DBCBSBIIC BIB CCDS\IU!I UDB !lCSCBOB lB
IHB@BD UB IBSU\BDB IHIBVISIDB BD CS \!BHCS OB lB\CD, BIC UB
B BSBI OB \COC @BDBIB SUS BSBCIICBCICDBS \BCDICBS. LBS |OBBS, BSCS
BCCD\BCIHIBD\CSBDS\IBC\CSBIDVBIIBDlBSUBBSCBBDBlBCCIIUCICD.
CD SU IIHBI @IBOC \BDBHCS lB !OBD\!OBO, lB IBlBCICD OB I@UBlOBO UB
BIHI\BSUBICDBI Bl CD]B\C B lB IHB@BD, C BIHBDBCBI SCDIB Bl HC~
VIH!BD\C. LC HISHC SIIVB BIB BSBS CIHBS BIBC\BS, CCHC Bl CICUlC
C lB BSBIB, UB SB HBD\IBDBDIOBD\ICBSB S HISHBS BD Bl HCVIH!BD\C
OBIC\BCICDBD \CIDCBSUCBD\IC. CDlBIC\BCICDIDVBIIBD\BSBHBD\|BDBD
lBSHISHBSHBOIOBS. PCCD\IDUBCICD\BDBHCSBUBllBSCCIBSBl@COB~
@IBOBOBS UB IBICOUCBD Bl HCOBlC, BUDUB Bl\BIBDOC SUS OIHBDSIC~
DBSBUD BS, BS\BS CCIBS SBIBD DUBDBS SIBHIB y CUBDOC BlID\CI, B

BSCUl\CI CBlBIUI\BC\CDByBIBSB\BOClBSICCIClCDBSCCIIBC\BS OBl

HCOBlC. LCS BI\lS\BS DBDIBD ICOUClOC UDB CBD\IOBO OB SIHIlI\UOBS
CCDBlIDOBIBSBIVBI \BD\ClCS BD@UlCS CCHClBSICCIClCDBS. LBIB~
\ICDCVBIlBOBDIOCB lB DCHCBC|0 |SIHIlI\UO), UB BS Bl B|HCvOB lB
IlCSCB OB 1BlBS OB NIlB\C. LB SCHDIB OB B IIBHIOB VBIB SB@D lB
DCIB,BlOBy lBBS\BClCDBIClBIBlBCICDOBlBIIBHIOB CCD SUSCHDIB
BIHBDBCB IOBD\ICB B lB IBlBCICD BD\IB Bl gDCHCD |IBlC[ OB SCl) lBD~
\BOC BD Bl SUBC y SU IClB SCHDIB. CSBS IBlBCICDBS SCD lDVBIIBD\BS
VBIIBDlBS, BD\IBlBZBHIBD\CS OBl SBI y OBlDCSBI. lBCD\BHDIBDIBII~
HB SUS CI\ICBS DBCIB lCS BSCUl\CIBS UB Bl\BIBD lBS ICCICICDBS OB
lBS BS\B\UBS SI\UBOBS BD Bl BCIC\BIlC OBl \BHlC CCD Bl lD OB CCIIB@II
SUS OBCIHBCICDBSC\lCBS.LCD \COBICDBDIlIOBO Bl BD@UlC BBIBD\B
OB lBSOIS\ID\BS BI\BS SUBIUBS\BS CBHDIB IBIOBHBD\BCUBDOC lBS
BS\B\UBSSBVBDOBSOBBDB[C, BDBISBC\lVB. CD\IBHCSBUBDBlIBIDC
OB lBS CCIIBCCICDBS C\ICBSBOC\BOBS CI Vl\IUVIC y \IBDSHIIOBS IB~
B\IOBHBD\BOBSOBBD\CDCBSCIlCSOIBIBD\BSBU\CIBSOBlCS\IBBOCS
BIUI\BC\CDICCS. NC CDS\BD\B, SBBHCS BX\IBHBOBHBD\B CUIOBOCSCS
CCD BS\C. lB\CD DC CUBSICDBlBIBZCD OB SBI OB BSBS OBCIHBCICDBS.
CDBSB\BHBBOCB UDB BC\IUOHUyOIBIBD\BOBlBOBLlBUOBBIIBUl
UIBD, CCHC DUBD CBI\BSIBDC, IBCDBZBIB CB\B@CIICBHBDB lB lOBB OB
UB DUBS\ICS SBD\IOCS UOIBIBDVBISB BD@BDBOCS. UD CICUlC SIBHIB
SB BICIDlIB CCHCUDCICUlC,BUDUB SUBIIlBBIBD\B SBB UDBBlISB
BlIBSBD\BISBOBlBOC. ClOBHCDICSBllBVBBBSB@BD\BUB,CCHCJUBD
LBIBHUB LCDKCWl\Z, IB\BDOBOBCIHBI B SBCCICDIBBl OB lBS CClUH~
DBS OB lB lBZB OB BD BOIC OBl VB\ICBDC CCD lB ID\BDCICDOB DBCBI
BVIOBD\BSUOBCIHBCICDBDBISBC\IVB.ClIBCICDBlISHCCBIBSlBDCSB
HBD\IBDB CCHB\BHBD\B OBD\IC OB BSB IBCDBZC OB lBS DIC\BSlS OBl
@BDICHBlVBOC.VBHCSBUUDB\C\BlIDCCHB\IDIllOBOBD\IBHBDB BS~
CBI\BS y BIBIO BSBI@UBS, BU\CIBS BHDCS OB \BXCS UDOBHBD\BlBS
BSCII\CS BD 1o. P OBCII VBIOBO, OBDBIBHCS \CHBIDCS Bl \IBHC OB
CDSBIVBI CCD B\BDCICD SI DC BXISB UDB OlSBDCIB l@UBlHBD\B @IBDOB
BD\IBlCSOCS@IBDOBSBISBC\IVIS\BS, BSBI@UBSy lBISBBSCBl,SIBD~
OC Bl ul\IHC C\BlHBD\BVBlBOCI OB\ BDSBHIBD\COBl BD\BIICI, BIC BD
UD SBD\IOC UB llBVB B UDB HS\ICBOBl IDIDI\C, BlCCD\IBIICUB BSBI
@UBS, UB\IB\BBl UD\COBU@BCCHCUDUDCCIOIDBIIC.

LSB D|C B OUOC OB lB !lDSDlB IBC!DDBl!SB IBDCBSB BDIB 1 y

DD OBBDOB OB D!D_D ZB|gB|S DDS BDCDD!BDDS BDB lDBBS UBIB~
DBDB O!VBI_BDBS OBDID OBl OBDDD!DBOD BDSBDBDD ClSS!CD.
BID VDlVBDDS B lBDD, UB IBCDDDCB lB VBl!OBZ OB lBS CD!IBCC!DDBS
D!CBS y DD DB_B B lDS B!SBS SUS IBZDDBS BIB D!DD!ZBI lB !DDI~
BDCB OBl DDOBlD B lD UB S DDB DD]BC!DDBS BS Bl IBSUlBOD. UDB BS~
BUB CDlDCBOB SDDIB UDB CDlUDDB OBDB O!SDIS!DDB!SB, B!D BSB CD!B
CDD IDDICDDBS BlBIBOBS BS Bl BU0D!CD !DD!D OBl S!DUlBCID OBSB~
CIBO!BOD D! lBDD. LllD DCUIIB DIUB lBS DBBDS!CBS OB SU !BD~
D DD DOBD DIBCBIlB lDS DBO!DS BB BDBDOBI OBBS UB, OBD!OD B lB
OBD!DBC!DD B!SBC!VB, BIDBDBCBD !DVB!BDBS. BIB VBI B!_D DSS
UB CDIIUC!DD, DBDIB S!OD DBCBSBI!D UB lBDD OSUS!BIB OB lBS !D~
VBI!BDBS BISBC!VBS y, BD BI!CUlBI, OB lB IBlBC!DD OB !BlBCIDDBS, BSB
DgDS OB SB_UDOD _IBOD UB lDS DBBDS!CDS BSBDDlBS llBDBDBD l0~
ZD DDDB y UB BXIBSB Bl VBlDI DUD0ICD OB lD UB SB CDDSBIVB BD lBS
OBDIDBC!DDBS BISBCVBS. DSB!VBDDS BDD!0D CDDD SB OBSBI!DllB
Bl OSCUISD OB lB C!BDCB. LB !DVBIBDB ID!VB BS lB IBlBC!DD OB !OBD~
!OBO, UDB IBlBC!DD !SDD0I!CB OB !_UBlOBO. P CDD!DUBC!DD, llB_BDDS B
BSB SB_UDOB !DVBI!BDB VBI!BDlB UB B!!CUlB lB IBC!DDBl!OBO _I!B_B y OB
lB UB DD DDS OBSIBDOBDDS DBSB , Bl DBDDS BD lD UB SB !B!BIB
B SU IBOUCCDD Bl BSBCID _BDD0ICD. lB !BlBC!DD OB DD0DBC|0. PU
RBCB SU BDIBOB BSB!_UBS, SB_U!OD OB CBICB DI BSCBl, BDDDS BUD~
IBS OB lBS I!DB!BS !DVBI!BDBS B!SBCVBS _BDD0!!CBS, Bl!DBBD!BDD
B IDB!SBCCDD, IBV!BS B lB !DVBDC!DD OB lB ODDlB IBlBC!DD DUD0I!CB. IBS
BSBI_UBS DC!BIDD BlB UDDS ODCB BDDS BIB UB LBDDRBIO LUlBI ID~
OU]BSB, BD 7, lBS I!DB!BS DVBI!BDBS DDlD_!CBS, UB SB IBSB!VBD
B !BV0S OB OBDIDBC!DDBS SUBI!C!BlBS OBl !D UB SBBD, D!BDIBS SB
IBSBB SU CDD!DU!OBO. LB BDDSB DIDUlB OB LUlB!, UB BSBDlBCB lB
!DVBI!BDlOBO OB lB SUDB OBl DDB!D OB V0I!CBS y CBIBS IBOUCOD D! Bl
DDB!D OB lBODS OB CUBlU!BI Dl!BO!D, CDDSUyB lB I!DBIB !DVB!BDB
DDlD_!CB B B!I OB lB CUBl SB BDI!D UD S!BB OB !DVBS!_BCDD UB BSS
lB]DS OB VBISB B_DBOB (D! B]BDlD, lB BD!B OB !DVBIBDBS UB CBIBC~
BI!ZB B lDS DUODS S!_UB S!BDOD UD BDB OB !DVBS!_BC!DD UB OBS!BIB
_IBD !DBI0S BDIB lDS DBBDSCDS CDDBDDISDBDS). ND DDSBDB, SBIS
BD 7 CUBDOD Bl!X hlBD, DSS CDDDCOD DI SU DDBllB, B!DVBCDB BSB

DDV!D!BDD OB IBZDD _BDD0l!CB, UB ID_IBSBIS DBSB lB !DVBDCDD OB

!DVB!!BDBS CBOB VBZ DSS SD!S!CBOBS UB DDS BID!!ISD DBDlUlBI VB
I!BC!DDBS BD DByDIBS.

`U0 IBlBC!DD UBOB BDBI BSB DIBVS!DD BXBDBD OB lB _BDDBOB CDD

.
lB DS!D!l!OBO OB CIBBI, DDy BD OB, UDB BIUlBCUIB BU0DlCBDB
(
B DD
BSSDOBI: _U0 IBlBC!DD UBOB BDBI CDD lB BIUlBCUIB y lD DD B

SBDcBI
VDCBIBDDS UDB OB!D!C!DD ClSS!CB OB BIUlBCUIB` DIOBDBI lB OlVBSOBO
OBl BSBC!D OB DBDBIB UB _BIBD!CB lB DSX!DB l!DBlBa B lB CDlBC

VlOBc
UB lD lBCUBDB D lD CDlDD!ZB. IOBDBI S!_Dl!CB IDD!CtDDBI UDB OIVBIst~
OBO UB DD BS DBD!BDlB OB DBDBIB DBUIBl S!D UDB DvBI!BDB Ll BSBClD
BDSDlUD BS UD BXBI!Dl BBDBS DSS DBD!BDlB UB lB DlBIDBllB OB UDB BI~
U!BCUIB DBllBI!B. USCBDDS BIBBCDS UB _BIBD!CBD lBS !DBI!BDBS
DBCBSBl!BS BIB IDDIC!DDBI VBI!BDlBS lD DSS BOBBDlBS DSlDlB. LSD
BS lD UB DDS IBDCUB BD UDB BIU!BCUIB DD BSSDOBI, BD lB UB BDSa~
DDS UB lBS BCDDlD_BS O_!BlBS UBOBD BID!!I CIUZBI U- UDIBl, StD
UB BSB DDC!DD SBB ID!BDBDB DUBVB. DIUB, OB DBCDD, S! cB]BDS OB
lBOD lBS DIDBS BXIBDBS UB DBD IDOUC!OD BIU!BCD

S CDD IDvBO

BDBS
!SDD0I!CBS |CDDD Bl LBDDB!D BIB NBWDD D lDS BSBClDS DBlIBODS OB
LUOW!_ M!lDBISB!DBI), Bl BDSBD!BDD BIU!BCDDlCD S!aDIB SB DB OB~
CBDBOD IBBIBDBDBDB DBC!B lBS !DVBI!BDBS !DDICtDD
.
8lBS, BSB Bl
UDD OB UB LB LDIDUS!BI !DS!SB BD UDB VUBla B la
(
IeDIClD- Bl+DBDBI
BlBDDIBl UD S!SBDB UD!VBISBl BIB lB BSBDOBOZBClDD +DOUSOBl. UB

lUB~
_D !DVDUB UDB CDDCBC!DD BIDDD!CB, DBD!B_DI!C

B, DDBcB OB UDB ;lBZB

OB lDS !OBDlD_!SBS BlBDBDBS OBl S!_lD Xl8, DD OBVBlUB UD SlCB ,B BIItDBD~
C!B OB UD CDDCBD OB IDDIC!DD BD lB BIU!BCUIB, Bl CDDIBOD, BSB BIIDI
DDOBIDD IUBDB lD OC!l UB IBSUlB lDB_!DBI lB BIUBCUIB S!D IDDI~
C!DD. POBDSS, CUBDOD lDS BDI!CDS OBl IBDBC!D!BDD !Bl!BDD IUBDaD B
!DBIIBB! Bl S!SBDB BISBC!VD !DVBDBOD DI ll!D IUDellBSCDl BD
1Z, OBDBD IBD!!ISB CDD!DUBDBDB Bl S!SBDB OB IDDIClDDBs, IB~
BDOD BD VBDD OB IBOUC!I lBS CDDIOBDBOBS BISBC!VBS y BSBDlBCtBDOD
IB!DS SDlBS BDIB lDS SB_DBDDS DBD_UBDBS OB UD S

IBB BV!DBDBOB
V!SB BD BISBC!VBS, BUDUB 0SB DD SBB UD CBSD CBDDDCD OB ODDlB IBlB~
C!DD BISBC!VB
LB CUBS!DD BS UB lB BIUlBCUIB DUDCB llB_BIB B BDBDOBI lBS IB~
!DS BISBC!VBS S! DD BS OB UD DDOD DUy BDD!_UD, y BllD B BSBI OB

)UB lB @BDDB\IB IDyBC\IVB UB BDUDCIBOB y IDBlDBD\B IDVBD\BOB DI
1IUI\BC\DS, UDB IlIBCID UB SB BX\IBDOB B lD lBI@D OB ODS SI@lDS, OBSOB
JIUDBlBSCDI B BSBI@UBS, UB IDClUyB B DIlIDBI\ OB l`LIDB y UB SB ID~
DD@B, DI D DBDDS, DBS\B BISBIO NDD@B, CUyB IIDBIB BIBB OB BlI~
BCID UB lB OB lBS DIIIICBCIDDBS DII\BIBS OB lB LCDlB NBZIBIBS.
PUDUB SDD lDS BIUI\BC\DS UIBDBS DBD BtBDDIBOD BS CDDIOBDBOBS
BISBC\IVBS, lBS DDIBS OB BS\BIBD\DDB UB ID\B@IBD BSB @BDDB\IB BD
3IDOUCCID OB UDB BIUI\BC\UIB S!BDIB DBD SIOD SBCUDOBIIBS. CDDD
TUCDD lBS DB@DICBS DVBOBS OBl ByUD\BDIBD\D OB PIBS, BID B DB~
UOD IBSUl\BD SlD SID!BS BDBOIODS, CDDD BD |BS BOB\BCIDDBS OB lBS
`DDBS OB DIlIDBI\ OB l`LIDB. Ll U@BI OB lBS IDVBIIBD\BS \DDl@ICBS,
5\IUC\UIBS OB CID\BS y SIDIlBIBS, SB IBSBD\B DB]D UDB lUZ BD DBS ID~
BDB\ICB BBIBCBD CDDD UD DUOD D IBDB]B VB@B\Bl UB OBSBDBB Bl
JBl OB UD DD\IVD DIDBDBD\BI DBSICD, IB@IS\ID BD Bl UB, BD\BS UB lDS
DyBC\DS DBS CDD\BDDIBDBDS, BSBS DIDBS \DDl@ICBS CBSI DUDCB
JBIBCBD, B BXCBCID OB Bl@UDBS BICBCIDDBS BSBC!ICBS CDDD lBS OB
S BX\IBDIOIDBIIBS CDDDIDBCIDDBS OB BSCBlBIBS UB DIlIDBI\ OB l`LIDB
B BIB Bl BlBCID OB lBS JUllBIBS. ID OUOB, BS\B BDBlISIS DIDBl DBCB~
lB IBIDBISB, BID CUBD\D DBS CDDSIOBIBDDS lB DIS\DIIB OB lB BIUI\BC~
IB OBSOB Bl UD\D OB VIS\B OB O!SBDD y OB lB BDIICBCID BSIS\IODS DI
3BDBODI LlP), DBS DDS BIBCB UB lB \IBOICID SIBDIB IDCDIDIB,
DUB BD ODSIS DUy OIS\ID\BS, BSDS CUB\ID \IDS OB IDVBIIBD\B. ISDDB~
CB, DDDD\B\ICB, IDyBC\IVB y \DD@ICB. LD UB DCUIIB DDy BS UB OIS~
DBDDS OB DBOIDS UB BIDI\BD CUBS\IDDBI IBB\IOBDBD\B Bl SIS\BDB
]BIBIUB IDICI\D BD\IB BSDS OIS\ID\DS IB@IS\IDS, BIB U\UID IDVB~
OB IDVBIIBD\BS DBS SDIS\ICBOBS, \BD\D IDyBC\IVBS CDDD \DDl@I~
5. ND DDS\BD\B, \DOBVB DD CIBBDDS BD UDB BIUI\BC\UIB DBIBDBD\B
IDl@ICB, BlBB\DIIB, lUIOB, DVIl D VII\UBl, DI DD DBDCIDDBI UDB BIUI~
TUIB DD BUClIOIBDB, D CUBlUIBI D\IB CDSB, CDDD DD SB CIBy BD SU OB
UDB BIUI\BC\UIB ISDDB\IICB UB BIB CBD\IBl, DI\D@DDBl y BD\ICB.
BDDS DUCDD DBS DCUBODS BD lB DSUBOB OB UD BD\DIDD DIOIDBIID
:IDCDIDIB lDS OIBIBD\BS IB@IS\IDS OB IDVBIIBD\BS, UBS CDD Bl ID OB
I@BI DBS BSBCID \DOBVB B lB Bl\BIDBDCIB DBllBCBDS BD lBS BIIBIIBS
BDBS, Bl CDDSBDSD DBOIB\ICD SB DUBS\IB CBOB VBZ DBS B BVDI OB BS
JDD\IDUIOBOBS BSBCIBlBS SI\UBOBS BD CIBI\DS BDClBVBS IIVIlB@IBODS.
MBDBDOD BD @BDBIBl, y SBlVD UDB SI\UBCID BD UB CIBI\BS IDVBIIBD\BS SB
DIDUlBD DI Bl CDD\BX\D IBB OBl BOIICID, lB BIUI\BC\UIB DIOBDBIB lB OI~
VBISIOBO OBl BSBCID DUCDD DB]DI CUBDOD DD@B B CBOB UDB OB lBS CUB~
\ID IDVBIIBD\BS BD |UB@D DBOIBD\B B OBS\BIII\DIIBlIZBCID OB SU IB@IS\ID
\IBOICIDDBl OB BICBCID. lB ISDDB\IB OB lBDDS CBD\IBlBS, B DDDD\BCIB
OB UDDS IOBDBS IDDICIDDBlBS,B IDyBC\IVIOBO OB SIODS CDDlB]DS
B \DDlD@B OB DIDBDBD\DS BD\IBlBZBODS. LS\B IBID\BIIB\BCID OB lDS
IB@IS\IDS \IBOICIDDBBS IDlICB UDB IBlBC\UIB OB lBS \IDlD@BUIDBDBS.
UDB BIUI\BC\UIB DBSBOB BD IDVBIIBD\BS VBIIBDlBS DDS BIDI\B VDlVBI,
BD BBC\D, B B \IDD@B BD UDB DIDB OIS\ID\B B B DBDlB\DICB DBSBOB
BD B IBIDOUCCID IOBD\ICB D IDDICIDDBl OB UD DDOBlD. LB CIUOBO SB
CDDVIBIIB BS\ BD UD CBDD BIB lB VBIIBCID OB IDVBIIBD\BS DIS\I!CBS.
PDDIB DIBD, UBS\D UB, B DBDDS BD BI\B, lBS IBlBCIDDBS BD lB CIUOBO
BS\BD OB\BIDIDBOBS DI DS SIS\BDBS OB IDOUCCID, gUB OBDB DBCBISB
BIB UB UDB BIUI\BC\UIB DD BS\BDOBI SB CDDVIBlIB BD UD DBCDD SDCBl
OIBIBD\B B l\IDD DBCBDISDD OB lB@I\IDBCID OB UDB ClIBD\BB UB \IB~
DB DS DBOIDS BIB BUDBD\BI lDS IBSUUBS\DS CDDVBDCIDDBlBS gLDD
SB UBOB IBVBDII UB lD DD BS\BDOBI BCBDB OBSDDIDDBDODSB BD UD DI~
DBlISDD OB DII@IDBlIOBOBS gLDD DOBDDS DBCBI UB Bl DD]B\D SB CDD~
CIDB y SB IDOUZCB @BDUIDBDBD\B CDDD UD BlBDBD\D DICD OB UDB SBIIB
gLDD ID\B@IBDDS Bl DD]B\D BIUI\BC\DICD BD lB \IBDB UlDBDB LD DUBS~
\IB D!D!D BXIS\B UDB IBSUBS\B DBSICB B \DOBS BS\BS IB@UD\BSlB ID~
OUC\IVIOBO OB DI@BDISDDS OB OIVBISBS BIUI\BC\UIBS, UDB CIBBCtD UB
SI@UB OB CBICB B lB BDIICBCID. BSOB BS\B UD\D OB VIS\, lB CUBS\ID B
B BIUI\BC\UIB DD BS\BDOBI DD OIIBIB OBl IDDBDB DBStCD OlS SDCIB~
OBOBS DSIDOUS\IIBlBS, BS OBCII, lB IDOUCCID @BDBIBl OB SBIVtClDS. Ll BI~
UI\BC\D BS UD \IBDB]BODI CUyD DDOD OB IDOUCCID SB VB CDDOICIDDBOD
DI lBS \BCDDlD@BS OI@I\BlBS, BID Bl OBSBIIDllD OB BS\BS DD \IBB DBO

B OB
DB\UIB. LD BSB SBD\IOD, B ID@IBDBCID OB SD|W0lB BS Bl DISDD \IBD~
D B @BDBID DBS IDDI\BD\B OB lB CU\UIB CDD\BDDIBDBB Bl \BIIBDD
IIVIB@IBOD BIB UDB CDDIDD\BCID OB BS UBIZBS UB DI@BDlZBD lB ID~
OUCCID BD DUBS\IBS SDC!BOBOBS. LD BSB CBDD BXIS\B UD CDDCB\D BS~
\IB\B@ICD UB OB\BID!DBIB lB DIDB UB \DDBIB lB BIUI\BC\UIB BS\BDOBI
BD DS BDDS VBDIOBIDS, Bl CDDCB\D OB lB BSDCIB\IVIOBO. gUB DBDDS OB
BD\BDOBI DI BSDCIB\IVIOBO LB BSDCIB\IVIOBO BS Bl DB\DOD OB SD|W0lB

IBIB CCDSlUII Bl ICyBCC BIUIBCIDlCC BD UDB lBI_B SBCUBDClB CB IB~

JCICDBS, CBSCB lBS IlDBIBS DlBSlS CCDCBUBlBS DBSB lB ClIBCClD
B lBS DBUlDBS UB IBBDIlCBD CS CCDCDBDIBS UB CBDBIBD DCD~
3|SB BD CDIB. lSBDBI UD SC|W0B BSCClBlVC SB IBCUCB B IBDSCIDBI Bl
lSBDC _BCD0IIlCC BD UD lDIBIBZ CB lBD_UB]B CB IC_IBDBClD. B BSB
!CCC, CIBBI UD UDC BD lB lDBISBCClD CB CCS lDBBS yB DC CCDSlSlIB BD
CIBBClD CB UD BlBDBDIC _IBlCC, SlDC BD BSBDlBCBI UDB IBlBClD CB
IBISBCClD SCDIB lB DBSB CB CCS IBlBClCDBS CB BlIDBBClD. cD BSB CBSC,
l lBCICI BIClDlIB UB BSIC IDlICB CCS IDVBIlBDBS ICyBClVBS DBSlCBS,
5 CCDC CCS _BSCS IlDlIVCS BD Bl BSBCIC. BUDBI B IDBICBBI. 1CCC
. IDBI0S CB lCS IC_IBDBS CB SD|W0lP BSCClBIlVC L IBSICB BD lB IIB~
JCClD CB BSBS IBlBClCDBS _BCD0IIlCBS B UD IC_IBDB UB VBlB CI UB
UDC CB lDIBISBCClD SB IBCBlCUlB CCDC BS CBDlCC CUBDCC SB CBSlB
D lCS UDCS lDBlBS CB lCS SB_DBDCS CB lBS lDBBS DBISBCBCBS. cS
/

CBDB UB BD BSB CBSC bDlCBDBDIB SB SUCDB UD VDCUlC BlBDBDBl

|CCC BllC BDCIB lDBI0S BIUlBCDlCC SlC BD Bl CBSC CB UB SBBDCS
tBCBS CB CI_BDlZBI lBI_BS SBCUBDClBS CB SUDCIClDBCBS SCDIB lB DBSB
UD BUBDC DDBIC CB B!BDBDCS IIDllVCS CBDCDlDBCCS, BD ]BI_B
CDlCB, IC_BDlCIBS CIl_lDBlBS`. LB IlDBIB CCDSBCUBDClB CB lB BSC~
3lVlCBC BS lB DBCBSlCBC CB CIDB!lZBI B! ICyBCC BIUlBCDlCC CB
DCCC IBClCDBl, DBClBDCC UD _IBD BSUBIZC BD lB ClSIDClD CB BDIB~
CBDBS y CBBDClBDBS, UBSC UB, BD CBSC CB DC DBCBIlC, SB CCIIB Bl
S_C CB CIBBI IBBIBDClBS CIICUlBIBS C CCC lC CB lDCCD_IUBDClBS l_I~
S. LB BSCClBlVlCBC CCDSlUyB, UBS, UD llIC UB DCS CDll_B B BDSBI
JICDBlDBDIB Bl ICyBCIC BIUlBCDICC y BX!lCBI SUS DIIBSlS. lDBl~
HB, BSC CBDBIB BDIDBI B UD BDSBDlBDC ClBIC SCDIB lCS ICCBSCS
CDCBCS CB lB BIUlBCUIB. 1BDDl0D CCIB SCIIBDCBIDCS UB BSIB
lB DByB CBSBIBCC IBD CCC lDBI0S BDIB BUBllCS UB BlBICBBDBD
SBI lCS CBDBCDBS CB lB BIUlBCIUIB IBClCDBl. LC UB BCBDBDCS CB
3CIlDlI SlC CCDClBIDB B lBS BClVlCBCBS CB lB CCDCBClD CB! ICyBCC.
0IB DlBD, lB _IBD CllCUlBC CB lB BIUlIBCIUIB DC BSIBDCBI IBSlCB BD
JDCIDB CBDlCBC CB CBCS UB CBDBD _BDBIBISB y DBDlUlBISB BIB
IlCBI lDCUSIlBlDBDB CCDCDBDtBS UB SCD CBlDBDB CISlDCS
.IB S B UD IBClC DC SBB DBCBSBIIBDBDB DByCI UB Sl UBIBD BSIBD^
BIB ClIl_lI BlClBDBDBDB BSCS lUjCS CB CBCS y BIB _BIBDlZBI
UDB BSCCIBlVlCBC lBDB y CCDlBB BDIB lB CIBBClD y lB BDIlCBClD,
BS UDCBDBDBl IBDB]BI, SCDIB CCC, BD Bl IClC DClBC C IC_IBDB CB
CCDICl, CB DCCC UB BSC DCS BIDlB, BDIB CIBS CCSBS, BSB_UIBr

Bl
CCDICl ClDBDSlCDBl CB lCS CCDCDBDBS UB Sl_UB B lB BSB CB CIBBC!CD,
y BSC DBSB lDClUlI lB _BDBIBClD CB lCS IC_IBDBS CCl_u UB CCD~
IClBD lBS DBUlDBS Cl_lBlBS BIB lB ICCUCClD CB CD[

BaS. LCD BsB

DBSB, lBS BSBClICBCICDBS 0CDlCBS CB UD SlSBB BSCe!BlVC L ID~
ClUyBD Bl DBDCS CUBIC BlBDBDICS DBSlCCS. Ll ODBIC !BDB UB vBI CCD
lB DBCBSlCBC CB DBDB]BI BDCIDBS _IUCS CB BlBDBDCS CCDlB[CS, C~
CCS BllCS ClSlDCS, BlBDBDCS UB yB DC BS CSlDlB ClSBDBI

UDC B U-C, |u
UB ICVCCB UB BD_BDCS UB IBCUIIlI B UD ICCBSC CCDCC!CC BD BIDl~
DDS 0CDlCCS CCDC lDSBIClD CB CCDCDBDBS. cl ClSBDC CB aD ICyBCC
USBDCC IDSBIClD CB CCDCDBDBS DCS CDll_B B BDSBI IaV!BBDB BD
D DCCBlC CB IBlBClD UB UBCB BllCBISB B CCBS lBS S!UBC!CDBS BD
S UB BD_BDCS UB CIBBI UD CCDCDBDB CB BSIB lC. cl DCC

BlC BS,
CI CBClIlC CB Bl_D DCCC, UDB lDVBIlBDB UB BDBDCS aB BDCB[BI CCD
CCBS lBS VBIlBClCDBS B lCS UB SBIBD SCDBlCCS lCS 0IDHCS SCDIB lCS
UB DBDCS BSBDlBClCC IBlBClCDBS.

UB Bl lBICDlSDC CCDlBDB lB SlDlBDIB CB CCa BCDClC_!CB
CB DUBSIBS SCClBCBCBS CCClCBDBlBS BS UDB UB yB DC SU~
CDB BIB DCSCICS CD]BC CB BSBCUlBClD BIlCB, UeS BS a| IBSUlBCC
CB VBIllCBClCDBS BDIlCBS. TB DBDCS BXBIlDBDBCC S!UBC!CDBS BD lBS
UB lB UBSB BD IBClCB CB BSB l_ICB CB CCDCDBDIBS BD UD ICyBCIC
DC BSBDCBI DB SlCC CBBZ CB _BDBIBI DBDBlClCS BD UD BCtC; CB

UDC B

!
LS DBS SlC BDIBDClBDCC BXIBSBDBDB UDCS DBDB!ClCS CB IC ClBD.
C CUClVlCBC CB BSB CICBD UBCB Bl 0IDlDC BIUlBCUIB DC BS BD BI
BDBI Sl_DllCBCC.
.
IC BSBCC CB lBS BSBCllCBClCDBS 0CDlCBS BS l

DBCBS!

CC CB IB~
DB]BI BD lU]CS ClSBDClCCS y BD UD BSBCC CB lDCIDBC!CD I0VI$IDDBl

DBS~
IB Bl llDC DCDBDC, y CB DBCBIlC CB CIDB CBSlCCBllZBCB. UB LBSZ
NCDCly~NB_y UIBD, BD lB C0CBCB CB SCSUVC UB UDB CDIB CC,B
CCDSlCBIBISB DCCBIDB Sl BIB CSlDlB BXllCBIlB CI Bl0CDC. cSC BS DBS
ClBIC, Sl CBDB, DCy BD CB.
.
LB DUll\lClCBC y ClSBISlD CB lCS lDBIlCCUCIBS y lB VClBlllCBC CB
lBS CBClSlCDBS DCS CD\l_BD B BDBZBI B CIDBllZBI Bl ICyBCC SCDIB lB

|BSB OB UHB |OOIHBClD lDClBI\B. Pl@UDOS VBlOIBS 8C!lHBH\B SUSCB~

lOlBS OB COIIB@!ISB OBOBH OOBI OBISB OI OBBC\O, Bl@UDOS UD\OS OB
BD SBI SUSCB\lOlBS OB OBlOlClD BD UD BH!BZBHlBH\O @BOH\IlCO SlD
3ClOlI UDB OSlClH OBlDl\!VB BO OlCHO BHlBZBH!BD\O, !OS IO@IBHBS
B HBDUBC\UIB OBOBO OOBI BC\UBllZBISB !B OOCHB BD\BS OB SU BjBCU
lO. PD\BS OB \OHBI OIHB COHO BOllC!OS COOS\IUlOOS, lB BIQUl\BC\UIB
O BS\8DOBI IOCBOB OB UDB BIQU!\BC\UIB BOS\IBC\B QUB OI@BDlZB Bl tUjO
B OB\OS DBCBSBIlO BIB lB IOOUCClD Ol@l\Bl, y lO HBCB OB UDB HBDBIB
!UCHO H8S BU\OHB\!ZBOB UBS\O QUB yB DO BXlS\B lO\BIHBOlBIlO BH\IB Bl
fBBOOI y lB H8QUlDB. LB HOOl!CBC!D OB UOO OB !OS `IO@BOl\OIBS OI!@l
$lBS` OBl IOyBC\O OBOB ODBI BU\OH8\lCBHBH\B BD HBICHB lB BC\UBll
1ClD OB \OOB !B SBCUBDC!B OB lHOIHBC!D, UBS\O QUB lB !D\BIVBDClD
.IHBDB SlBHIB BS\8 SUjB\B B BIIOI. JBl COHO BS\8H lBS COSBS, UDB BI
.Il\BC\UIB VBIOBOBIBHBH\B DO BS\8DOBI SlO SUI@lI8 COD lB COOOlClD OB
JB IBIOOUZCB, BH Bl \BIIBDO OB lB CODS\IUCClO, !O QUB HB OCUIIlOO BD
\BIIBDO OB lB BOlC!H. LBl HlSHO HOOO QUB BO lB BC\UB!lOBO BS OSlOlB
lCIlOlI y UOllCBI BD D\BIDB\ lO QUB SB HB BSCIl\O BIB QUB UD lBC\OI lO
1IlHB B SU VOlUH\BO OBSOB O\IO lU@BI, lB BIQUl\BC\UIB OO BS\8DOBI IB
lOHB QUB Bl CIBBOOI OB UD BOllClO OBOB SBI CBBZ OB IOOUClI \OOOS
S OOCUHBD\OS OBCBSBIlOS BIB lB IOOUCClD B OlS\BDClB OB COHO
:O\BS BIQUl\BC\DlCOS S!D UDB !D\BIVBDClO B OS\BI!OI! OB UDB O!ClDB
COD\IO! O OB BS\UOlOS lOBDClBIOS QUB ll\IBD SUS BIIOIBS.
OI l\lHO, BIB QUB \OOO BS\O OO QUBOB BD !B BSB U\lCB, BSB SB~
BDClB BU\OHB\!ZBOB OB OB\OS OBOBI8 lOClUlI lOS OOCUHBD\OS QUB SlI
D COHO IUBOB OB lBS \IBDSBCC!OOBS BCOOHlCBS DBCBSBIlBS BIB lB
3OUCClD OB lB BS\IUC\UIB. BSBCllCBC!OOBS, HBOlClODBS, IBSUUBS
COH\IB\BS, lBDOS OB HOD\BjB, B\C.
OB@UIBHBH\B, \OOBS BSBS BSBCllCBClODBS \CDlCBS \IBDSOIHBI8O lB
OClB\lVlOBO BD UD HBCBDlSHO B !B VBZ OOBIOSO y COHlBjO. LOS IO
IHBS OB LPL BHlBZBD B ODBI BD I8C\lCB BIQUl\BC\UIBS COHU\B
BOBS BD BSBIBS \BlBS COHO lB HBC8HlCB. OlD BHOBI@O, DBOB HBy QUB
_lBIB QUB \OOB BS\B BSOC!B\lVlOBO lBDB y COHlB\B UBOB VBI lB lUZ,
JB\O BD BllCBClODBS !DOUS\IlBlBS BXCBS!VBHBD\B !IHl\BOBS y COH~
I\lHBD\BOBS. LD\IBD BH jUB@O HUCHOS BC\OIBS OB OIOBH B@Bt, SOClBl
Ul\UIBl, QUB UBOBD IBSUH!ISB BH lB Sl@UlBD\B IHUlB. BIB QUB !B
BSOClB\lVlOBO DO SB CODVlBI\B BD UDB HBIB OBS\IBZB \BCDOl@lCB y BIB
QUB SB lDSCIlOB BD lB IBBllOBO BCODHlCB, BS DBCBSBIlO QUB lB CIBBC!D
y lB IOOUCC!H BS\D UBI\BHBD\B lD\B@IBOBS. LB HBCDO, _QU SBD\lOO
\lBDB OBSBIIOllBI lDS\IUHBD\OS OB SOW0lB Bl\BHBD\B SOlS\lCBOOS Sl
DO BHCUBD\IBD USUBIlOS y, BD BI\lCUlBI, BIQUl\BC\OS QUB BS\D IBB
IBOOS BIB BH\BDOBI SU UDC!ODBHlBD\O! LB HBOlllOBO y B! I!@OI OBCB
SBIlOS BIB Bl USO OB \BlBS IO@IBHBS lHllCBD QUB BS\8D OBS\lHBOOS
OI DB\UIBlBZB B USUBIlOS OlBD lDOIHBOOS y BIHBOOS COD UD ClBf\O DlVBl
OB IBZODBHlBD\O l@lCO y @BOH\flCO. _LB QU SlIVB, BOBH8S, OBSBIIOllBI
UDB BSOC!B\lVlOBO BD\IB lB CIBBClD y lB BOIlCBClD, Sl BH lB I8C\lCB lOS
|DOUS\I!BlBS y COHS\IUC\OIBS DO UBOBD BS\BOlBCBf IBlBClODBS QUB lBS
BIH!\BD BIOVBCHBI lB COD\lDUlOBO OBl lUjO OB lDOIHBClD! NlBD\IBS
BSOS COlBC\lVOS DO BDCUBD\IBD lB IHUlB QUB lBS IBSUl\B VBD\BjOSB BIB
COlBOOtBI y DO IOHBI BI\llClBlHBD\B !B CBOBDB CUlBDOO B lOS OBH8S,
lB BSOClB\!V!OBO DO SBI8 H8S QUB UDB BS\IB\B@lB OB HBIKB\lH@ OBl IO~
OUC\OI OB SODW0IB O, BOI BD, UD BIIOI BS\fB\@lCO BD Bl CfBClHlBD\O
BCODHlCO. PHOIB H8S QUB OUDCB, lB BIQUl\BC\UIB SlO OOI8 OBDBl
C!BISB OB lBS OOI\UD!OBOBS OIBClOBS OI lO DO BS\8DOBf B CODOlClD OB
QUB, IO@IBS!VBHBD\B y COD BClBDC!B, CODS\IUyB UDB CU\UIB @BDUlDB OB
lB IOOUCClD Ol@l\Bl.

T0 |DJ18 0V0TZ0C0 06 1DVl1C0C

IB_ LgDD

LXISB UDB CIBC!BDB B lDlBCBDlB !DBIC!B BD lB BIU!BCUIB UB DDB lB

DIDB OB UDB BBB IBBCC!DDBI!B CDDIB lDS OIBDB!CDS CBDD!DS BD lBS
BSIUCUIBS, BDD DBBIlBlBS CDDD !DDBBI!BBS, UB SUI_BD BD lB SDC!B
OBO BCUB\. LB BIUlBCUIB SBB Bl VBZ lB l!DB OlSC!l!DB UB Ull!ZB Bl
CBIBS!BDISDD, DD SClD DI SU CDDVBD!BDB SBDC!llBZ S!DD BDD!D |y BSD
BS DBS CBDSUIBDB} DIUB SB BBIIB B UDB B IBBCClDDBt!B BD B !CB OB
lB BSB!CB. LB BIU!BCUIB BS Bl l!DD IBU_!D BIB lDS D!BDDIDS OBl
ClUD OB !B !BIIB BS lBDB, CUyB !D_BDUB !OBB OB UDB _IBVBOBO UD!DIDB
UB BDBDB OB lB IBIIB SB IBSlBOB, SD BDBl!S!S CI!CD, B UDDS DDOBlDS
BSB!CDS S!DlBS OB VBI!CBl!OBO y DID_DDBl!OBO BSBC!B. LBS CDDlB~
jBS y O!DBD!CBS DIDBS OB B CDDSIUCC!CD UB lDClUyBD lDS BDU[BS OB
V!BDD, lBS CDDIBlBCDBS, BS O!S!DBS CBI_BS OB USD y lBS CDDO!C!DDBS
!DBSBDlBS OBl BIIBDD, BID DD SB l!D!BD B BllBS, SDD S!SBDB!CBDBDB
OBSBBDOIOBS. LD IBSUDBD, BBDBS BX!SB DDVlD!BDD Bl_UDD BD B BI~
U!BCUIB Dl !DBlBCUBl D! l!BIBlDBDB. !BDIB DB S!OD BS, QUBS lB
BIU!BCUIB BS, Bl VBZ DI OB!D!C!CD, Bl BSUO!D y B IBIBSBDBC!CD OB
!B BSB!CB B !DClUSD BIBCB UB B DS BIU!BCDS lBS _USBIB OB[BIlB
CDDD BSB
! !DS BIU!BCDS IBBDOBD BI!C!BI BD lBS UBIZBS O!DBD!CBS, B
DBDUOD !DDBBI!BlBS, UB CDDDIDBD lB C!UOBO CDDBDDIBDBB, OBDB~
IBD BSUD!I BDD UDB !CB CDDD UDB IBC!CB OB B DDV!l!OBO, lD UB
!DClUyB CDDIBDOBI UB lDS DDOBlDS ClBS!CDS OB DIDBS y BSIUCUIBS
UIBS, BSB!CBS, BSBDC!Bl!ZBOBS B !DBDDIBlBS yB DD SDD BOBCUBODS
BIB OBSCI!D!I lB C!UOBO CDDBDDIBDBB y lBS BC!V!OBOBS UB SDDIB.
BSOB B! UDD OB V!SB CUlUIBl y CD!CD, BS !DBV!BDlB UB lB !CB OB B
DDV!!OBO VBD_B IDDIC!DDBOB DI Bl USD OB lB BCDDlD_B !DDIDB!CB
LyDD, f8@, `P BOVBPC0O 0fH 0 H0V0H0D, 0P l0h/I8CIut0 08/g, V0. b, b/b, NU0VB
0!K, T, @8. -.

\ID DBCDD BV!OBD\B BS UB B lDS BIU!BC\DS SB lBS BX@B SBI CBBCBS

OB OBSBDVDVBISBBD!VBlBSOBBOS\IBCC!CDCBOBVBZDByDIBSBIBDOBI
IDyBC\BIlDSIDCBSDSDB\BI!BlBS. LSBBCC!CDBOS\BDC!BSDOIBlB DIDB
S!CB DB S!OD S!BDIB lB B\BIDB \BIBB OB lDS BIU!\BC\DS. Ll IBBI\DI!D OB
L0CD!CBS BSBCBlBS, DI@BD!ZB\!VBS y OB IBIBSBD\BC!CD OB lB BIU\BC\U~
B SB OBSBIIDllB BD IBSUBS\B B BSB DBCBSIOBO OB BOS\IBCCCD. BID, BD
.DOB lB D!S\DI!B OB lB BIU!\BC\UIB, ]BDBS SB DB IBS\BODB\BDC!CD Bl@UDB
Il OBSBIIDllD OB !BS \0CDCBS OBSBOBS BD Bl DDV!D!BD\D. LB IBZCD DBy UB
JUSCBI!BBDUB\BD\DlDS BIU!\BC\DS CDDDlB SDCIBOBOBS\BD OBBCUBIOD
UB SU OISClDBBSDBI\B y CDDSS\BBDBl BS\UO!DOBlD BS\B\!CD.
mIS\CICBDBD\B,lDS BS\UO!DSBCBICBOB!B DDV!lIOBO DBD @IBV!\BOD SD~
JIB \0CDCBS UB@BS\!DDBDS!D IDOlBDBS DDIDBC!CD CDDlB]B,BID!~
!BDODBl BS\UO!DOBUD !U]D \BDDIB!. C\UBlDBD\BBX!S\BDID@IBDBS
BDIOBDBODIUBBIBCBDSBIBOBCUBODSBIBBlBS\UO!DOBlB DDVIl!OBO.
:l D\BI0SOB lB !DDIDB\CBIBS!OBDD\BD\DBDSU CBIBC\BIOB!DS\IUDBD~
D OB DBCBD!ZBC!CD OBl O!SBDD CDDD BD Bl DBCDD OB UB SBB UD DBO!D
DD Bl UBlDSO!SBDBODIBS UBOBDVD!VBIBCDDCB\UBlZBIlDSBD\!@UDS
tIDOlBDBS OB DUBVBS DBDBIBS. Ll SD|W0IB OB BD!DBC!CD CDD\BDDIB~
IBD\!BDB!D\BI0SDIUBSUDDBUDDUBVDDBO!DBIBBlO!SBDD,OBI@UB!
DIDB UB |B BISBC\!VB UB UDB \0CD!CB UB SB CDDV!I\!C IBOBDBD\B
D UD !DS\IUDBD\D OB O!SBDDDBSUBBD UDB \0CD!CBOBSCI!\!VB DBDB~
\!CB. LD D\IDSCDD\BX\DS DBSUOIByBOD!BS \IBSCBIBC\BIS\!CBS OB!SD|~
/0tB OB BD!DBCCD UB CDDS\!\UyBD BS\B DUBVD DBOD. DDV!!!OBO,
BIBDB\IDSy \DD!D@B,\IBSCBIBC\BIS\!CBS UB BID!\BD UB !DS BI~
U!\BC\DS UBOBDBDIBD\BISB B!O!SBDDOB DIDB IBO!CB!DBD\B OS\!D\B.
LB !OBB OB DIDB BDDDV!D!BD\D DD BS DUBVB, BDDIB O!BD, lBS !DS\IU~
1BD\Bl!OBOBSB \IBV0SOBlBS UB UBOBBDSBISBBS\BDyB DUyBVBDZB~
BS. LS !DDI\BD\B O!S\!D@U!I BD\IB lD BVBDZBOD y lD DUBVD. NDV!l!OBO y
S\B\!C!OBODDSDD!OBBSDUBVBS,S!DBDOBI@DBSO!C!!, CDDlB]DB !DCC~
\OOD CDDCBOI UDB DIDB BD DDVIDBD\D CDD BSCUBOIB y CBI\BOCD. LDS
IU!\BC\DSSDD UDOBDBD\BlDBD\BS!Dl!S\BSBDSUS\0CD!CBS,OBDDOD
UB lB BSCUBOIB y Bl CBI\BOCD IDOUCBD UD \!D BSBC!CD OB S!D!!C!~
8O BIU!\BC\CD!CB. T SBDC!l!BDBD\B, CDD \0CD!CBS DBS BVBDZBOBS, IB~
J\BBCDDCDICBB!D\BlBC\UBlDBD\BDS!OBUBlDSBIU!\BC\DSO!SBDBD
UD CDDCB\DDBSCDD!B]DOBDDV!!OBO y BS\BOlIOBO. LB DDV!l!OBO

DD BS UDB !OBB DUBVB, BS UDB !OBB UB @BDB BD CDDlBj!OBO B !D\BI0S,

SDOIB\DODOBO!ODBlB!IIUC!CDOBlSD|W0IBy BlD0I0W0IBOBBD!DBC!CD
BDBl\BII!\DI!DOB lBBIU!\BC\UIB.
LB BIDXlDBC!CD B BSBS DBU!DBS OB CBlCUlD OBOB SBI OBIIDCB BD
BSI!\U DI ODS IBZDDBS I!DC!BlBS. LD I!DBI lU@BI, B OBIIDCD UB Bl
DDDBD\D BI\S\ICD BD BlUB DS IDCBSDS OB DDV!l!OBOy O!DBD!SDD SB
BXBI!DBD\BIDD CDD DByDI I!@DI BD B O!SBDD y BD lB CDDS\IUCC!CD OB lB
DIDB BIU!\BC\CDtCB. LDSB@UDODlU@BI, SB \IB\B OBl \!DD DDDBD\DOB
IBS!S\BDC!B BD\BS OB UB lB DByDI BI\B OB lBS OlSC!!DBS !D\BlBC\UB~
!BSSBIDVByBIBD CDDBlIBOUCC!DD!SDDCBI\BS!BDDy lBDB\BDB\!ZBC!CD.
LB!OD!Z, I!DC!B\ BDSBODI OBl BIDOD OBIIDCD, BS UDB !@UIB CIUC!B
BIBCUBlU!BIO!SCUISDSDOIBlDSIDCBSDSOB B DDV!l!OBO,!DC\USDDDy
BD OB. LB BIDX!DBC!CD B lDS lU]DS !DDIDB\!CDS BS\BIB DBS CBICB OB
lDS DDOBlDS BOS\IBC\DS OB lBS ID!BOBOBS DB\BI!BlBSOBlOBIIDCDUB
OBlDSBXBI!DBD\DSSDOIB!D\Bl!@BDC!BBI\!!C!BlOBlBSO0CBOBSOB J,
17 y 1 B, lDClUSD, UB OB lB C!OBICUl\UIB OB lB @BDBIBC!CD A OB lB
O0CBOB OB J. DI !DDOBDDSOBjBI OBIBBI!IDDS BlDSDIOBDBODIBS
CDD lB DB\BDIB OBl CBIBOID, lB lOBB OB UB Bl DIOBDBODI !BDSB, CDDD
UD BD!DBl BIDUB \UV!BIB UDB lD\Bl!@BDC!B BI\!!C!Bl,@BDBIBlDBD\B DDy
SB \!BDB DI I!OCUlB. LUBDOD SB DBOB OB lB \BCDDlD@B O!@l\Bl, BD CBD~
O!D, B DBDUOD SB CDDBIB CDD lDS DB\BBS lU!ODS, lBS DUOBS OB BI~
\CUlBS D lDS DB\BI!BlBS BD OIU\D. Ll IB!DD OB lD O!@!\Bl BS\B DOlBOD OB
CDDUBS\DS BOS\IBC\DS CDD ID!BOBOBS !D\IDSBCBS y OB IBS\IlCC!DDBS
UB DBICBD SUS lD!\BS !D\BIBC\!VDS OB DIDB, CDDl@UIBC!CD y CDDDI~
\BD!BD\DBDBl \!BDD. LS\DSSDDlDSB\I!OU\DS OBlDBOlD O!@!\BlUB \BD
OBSBSBIBOBDBD\BIBU!BIBDlBSDUBVBSSBDS!Ol!OBOBSBIU!\BC\CD!CBS
yBIDX!DBC!DDBSCDDDS!\!VBSBC\UBlBS.
LB uD!CB CBIBC\BIS\!CB UB OIBIBDClB \DODS BSDS IDCBSDS !DDIDB~
\!CDS BS B !D\B@IBC!CD OB lDS lU]DS \BDDIBlBS y lBS UBIZBS DIDBl!~
ZBODIBS BD lB OBSCI!C!CD OB B DIDB B \IBV0S OB \!BDD. LD lU@BI OB
DBD!UlBI DIDBS CDD@BlBOBS y BS\B\!CBS, BSDS D0\DODS !Dl!CBD UDB
CDIBD@IBBOBDI@BD!ZBC!DDBSB\IBV0SOB BDBD!UlBClCDOBBBC\DSOB
UBIZB BD UDBD\DIDDOBSBODBDBl\!BDD.0S\BBSBlD0\DODIDyBC\UBl
OBl C!DB OB BD!DBC!CD. l IBCUBIBI lBS \BCDDlD@BSBSBC!BlBS UB lDS
BIU!\BC\DSDIBC!BIDDBMD\lyWDDORBCBO0CBOBS, UBOBDO\BDBISB UDB
1
_IBD CBDlOBO OB 0CDlCBS DBSBOBS BD lB OlDBHICB OB lB HDvllIOBO, BDD
BIB B IBIBSBDBClDD OBl BSBClD CDHD BIB lB SlHUlBClDD OB IDCBSDS
DI_BDlZBlvDS CDHlB]DS.
Pl I_UBl UB BXlSB UDB OlBIBDClB BDIB B HDvIHlBDD IBIBl Bl OlSBDD
OB DIHB BD 0IHlDDS OB UBIZB HDvllOBO, HB _USBIB SU_BIlI UDB OIB~
IBDClB BDIB B UIDBDlSHD lB BIUIBCUIB. LB BIUlBCUIB lBDB UB vBI
CDD 0CDlCBS OB DIHBCIDD BSBDlllZBClDD, HIBDIBS UB Bl UIDBDlSHD SB
CBIBCBIlZB DI lDBIBCClDDBS HBS OlUSBS IBDSlDIlBS BDIB HDvIHlBD~
DS SUBIUBSDS, lU]DS, OBDSlOBOBS B lDBDSlOBOBS. LBS CUBllOBOBS OB
lB BIUlBCUIB SDD IlDClBlHBDB lBS OB lB DIHB SID_UlBI, HlBDIBS UB
lBS CUBlOBOBS UIDBDBS SB lOBDIlCBD CDD _IBOIBDBS OBDID OB CBHDS.
LB BIUlBCUIB UDB BSDS CBHDS OB _!BOIBDBS CDD lB BSBDlllOBO.
L\ USD OBl 0IHlDD BSBDIllOBO BS lDBDCIDDBOD, CDHD SUSlUD OB `BS~
BlC!OBO. LB BSBDlllOBO UBOB CDDSB_UlISB OBDID OB UD CDHlB]D OB
UBIZBS lDBIBClvBS B IBv0S OBl HDvlHlBDD IHlCD OB lB lUCUBCIDD
HIBDIBS UB lB BSBClOBO lHlCB UD IDBClvD IDBHDIBl, B BSBDI~
llOBO lHl!CB UDB BISISBDClB OlDBHlCB. LB BIUlBCUIB DD DBCBSlB
SBI BSBlCB BIB BISlS!I. LB OlBIBDClB ClBvB IBSlOB BD Bl IBHD lB BI~
UlBCUIB BSBlCB SB CDDClDB B]BDB Bl lBHD, HlBDIBS UB lB BSBDlB
OBDB CDDCBDlISB DBSBDODSB BD Bl lBHD. BIB BIDvBCDBI lB IBlBClDD
9DIB CBHDS DIHBS SB DBCBSlBD DUBvBS 0CDlCBS OB OBSCIlC!DD OB
B DIHB OB SUS IBDSDIHBClDDBS.
UIBDB DOB B D!SDIlB OB lB BIUlBCUIB, Bl IDBI0S DI lB HDvllOBO
1B SUUBSD lB OBBDCIDD OB UBIZBS OIDBHlCBS CDHD DIHBS BSBICBS
DBOlBDB Bl IBZBOD. LD CDDSBCUBDClB, lDS CBHDS OB UBIZBS lDS HD
'lHlBDDS UIDBDDS SlBHIB SB DBD BDBDOlOD CDHD BllDBBClDDBS !|BS
DDIB lBS UB DOBD IBZBISB DIHBS. BIB IBDB]BI CDHD BIUlBCD
DD lBS UBIZBS UIDBDBS BD SU BSBOD DDIHB, SB IBClSB OISBDBI BD UD
DDIDD UB DD SBB BSBICD SlDD OlDBHICD. LS DBCBSBIlD UB lDS BIUl~
9CDS OBSBIIDllBD 0CDICBS UB UBOBD IBlBCIDDBI CBHDS OB _IBOlBDBS
B lDlUBDC!B CDD DIHBS OB DI_BDlZBClDD lBXlDlBS BID OBlDIOBS. LSB
BCDD CDDSIUlIB UD _IBD SBlD OBSOB UDB BIUIBCUIB O!SBDBOB CDD 0C~
lCBS DBSBOBS BD Bl BUIllDIlD OB UD BSBClD BSBlCD CBIBSlBDD B 0CDl~
OB OlSBDD BD UD BSBCID OB _IBOlBDBS OlDBHlCDS. ND BS DBCBSBIlD
UB lB BIUlBCUIB SB HUBvB llBIBlHBDB, BID OBDB CDDCBUBllZBISB

HDOBlBISB BD UD CBHD UIDBDD UB SB BDlBDOB CDHD OlDBHlCD UB SB

CBIBCBIlCB DI UBIZBS HBS UB DI DIHBS. BIB Bl BIUlBCD, B HBDUOD
lBS CUBSlDDBS UIDBDBS SDD OB _IBD BSCBlB D OB B]lOD. BI

B BDIB

DBISB
B BIDDBS OB DI_BDlZBClDD B BSCBlB OB lB ClUOBO UB S- OI)BIBDBD SU~
llHBDB, BS DBCBSBIlD UB DS BtU!BCDS BHlBCBD B OISBDBI UIlIZBDOD
SlSBHBS OB SlHUlBClDD OlDBHlCDS OB UBIZBS CBHDS UIDBDD;.
LDS BHBZBHlBDDS SB CDDvlBIBD DD BDD BD DIHBS BOHBIDS,
CDHD BD BDDIDDS OB UBIZBS OlDBHlCBS _IBOUBlBS. Pl I_UBl

U- lDS
_IBO!BDBS OB BHBIBUIB, UB DD lBDBD DDIOBS

D CD-D

IDDS OB!DIODS,
lDS BHlBZBHlBDDS SDD HBS HBDDS CDHD HBOIDS lIUIODS CDD CBIBC
BISlCBS BCUDSBS OB lU]D IBDSDIHBClDD BD Bl IBHD. PUDUB BSDS
_IBOlBDBS BCUDSDS DOIBD CI!SBlZBISB BD DIHB, SB BHlBB UDB Bl~
BIDBlvB UB HBICB lB OlBIBDClB BDIB DS BBCDS OB lDS CBHDS UIDB~
DSlCDS BS SlD_UlBIlOBOBS CDDCIBBS BD Bl SBDD OB BSDS C-HDS UB
SB IBDSDIHBD BD DIHBS. NBS UB CDD_BBI lDS CBHDS, SB !D

IDOUCD
IDD!DS lBX!DlBS BD BSDS BDDIDDS OB UBIZBS OIlBBS lUIOBS. HBS
UB CDDSIUlI DS CBHDS, SB DBCB UDB OlS!DCIDD Il BDIB UBIZBS DD

]BDS, BDIB lU]DS lBS SlD_UlBIIOBOBS UB BHBI_BD B- 0llDS. LSDS BBC
DS OB HDvlHlBDD B _IBD BSCBlB UBOBD BDDDCBS UIlZBISB BIB CDH~
DDBI CDDI_UIBI BlBHBDDS DBBID_0DBDS SlD_U

lBIB;. zB BSB HDcD, S

(
DBCB DSlDlB HBICBI UDB OlSlDClDD BDIB lD BIU!BCDDCBHBDB SU_U
lBI D UIDBDSlCBHBDB CDDlDUD.

lR |OlUR DRSR0R 6l 61 CR1CD1O

J 1R 6lLT6V1SlR COl T6g |jll
lD@0DDf@ M. DCK0f
| l0@BCB CBl SD|W0IB ID\BfBC\IVD CB BDIHBCID QU0 BD\0IIDfHBD\B
0lD S0 U\IlIZBDB BD lB IDCUS\fIB CID0HB\D@fBlCB C0 MDllyWDDC D BD lB B~
HlCBCID C0 BU\DHVIlBS fDVDC UDB \fBDSDfHBCID CfBHB\ICB BD Bl
U1BBDD y Bl CISCUfSD BfQUI\BC\DICDS C0 fIDClIDS C0 lB CBCBCB CB 1.'
H Bf\ICUlBf, lBS DfHBS BfQUI\BC\DICBS S0 C0SlBZBfDD CB lB fB@HBD~
lItCI0D DlI@DDBl y IBC\IlDBB DBCIB CUVBS SUBV0S y CDD\IDUBS, SUDVIITIBD~
UD IBD\D lB CB[B HDC0fDB CDHD SUS fBSICUDS CBCDDS\fUC\IVIS\BS.
fB@ LyDD, QUI0D BD 1Z BCBDBDB CB BS\BDl0C0f SU CBSBCDD CB Bf~
qUJI0CIUfB |HN, BfB UDD CB lDS C0BDSDfBS CB BS\0 0S0C\BCUlBf CBH~
|Iu y SUS fDyBC\DS DBD IDlUICD ID\0DSBH0D\0 BD lB BC\UBl @0DBfBCID
tlt BfQUI\0C\DS.'
PC0HBS, lDS BSCfI\DS CB f0@ LyDD DBD CBHDIBCD lB CIf0CCID CBl CIS~
t11+D BfQUI\BC\DICD, fDDICIDDBDCD Bl HBfCD D\0l0C\UBl D0C0SBfID
pI\r B UDB BfDIBCID CB lB IDV0S\I@BCID BD SD|W0IB y lBD\BBf UD fB\D
ln lDfHB BIQUI\BC\D!CB.
| 5\B BD\f0VIS\B HU0S\!B CHD CUfBD\0 lB CBCBCB CB 1 lB DDfB C0
y|\1\ 0HIBZB 0XlDfBDCD 0l SD|W0I0 ID\BfBC\IVD CDDV0DCIDDBl DBS\B
Q11i HBS fBCI0D\0HBD\0, S0 DB C0ClCBCD B lB fD@fBHBCID C0 SD|W0IB
0C1lCD y B lB fDCUCCID CB BD\DfDDS IDDfHBIICDS, C0D\fBDCDSB BD
1HBCID QU0 \IBDBD lDS SIS\0HBS C0 fDCUCCID IDDfHB\lCDS y lDS fD~
gItlIH8fJ0S C0 CBlCUlD SDDf0 lB fDCUCCID CB DfHB BfQUI\BC\DICB.
Iut.10g00Ofg, LlUulu8D80d 1Om. A \ertew w\h Ureg LyDn", en ArOtteOturO Ue-
/g, vI 7. . Nuev8 YOrk, 2, g8 bb-b.

DW0fB' DUBVDS HBOlDS BIB lB BXBIlHBD\BCDD BIQU!\BC\DDlCB
=N DBC!D BD 1Z CDD Bl DO]B\!VD OB OBSBIIDllBI UD CUBID OB CDDDC!
H!BD\D D Bl HBDDS UD VDCBOU!BI!DCDD Bl UB \IB\BI CUBS\!DRBS OB
DIHB. B_D LyDD.
NB BIBCB UB Bl BHO!\D OB lB BIU!\BC\UIB BS\BOB BIO!BDOD SU
O!SCUISD y SUS \BSIS BCBICB OB lB DIHB. B HBDBIB UB OBC!O OBSB!BI y
IB!V!DO!CBI lB `DIHB'.
LyDD DBIBOBOB lB DOSBSIDD DI lB DIHB OB SU HBBS\ID y HBD\DI B\BI
L!BHBD, U!BD, OBSOB I!DC!!DS OB lB OBCBOB OB 1, DBOB \IBOB]BOD
ODCIBlHBD\B BD UDB BXBI!HBD\BC!DD DIHBl IB_!OB DI SUS IDCBSDS
_BDBIBODIBS. P BSBI OB lBS HUCDBS SBHB]BDZBS, Bl BS\UO!D =N OB
LyDD ID\BD\D B!B]BISB OB lDS HBCBD!SHDS OB BX!DIBC!DD OB L!SBDHBD.
!BHIB DB !D\BD\BOD DU!I OB lB OU|OU]B HDID_BDBIBODIB ODDOB HB
BDCDD\IBOB. LBHBD\D OBC!I UB BD IBBl!OBO DD lD DB CDDSB_U!OD y UB
\DOBVB lUCDD DI S!\UBI H! \IBOB]D UBIB OB! HBICD \BDI!CD OB lB OBCBOB
OB 1 UB ]US\!!CBOB BS DIHBS HBO!BD\B IDCBSDS OB \IBDSDIHB~
C!DD BDBl!\!CB.
BIB B! OBSBIIDllD OB DUBVBS DIHBS OB BXBI!HBD\BC!DD, IBSBD\B
C!DD y IDOUCC!DD, lDS HBO!DS O!_I\BBS SB D!C!BIDD !HIBSC!DO!O!BS.
!HIB BS HBS !D\BIBSBD\B BI|BDCBI CDD UD !DVBD\B|!D OB lD UB lBS
HBUIDBS UBOBD DBCBI DI DDSD\IDS, BD\BS OB BHBZBI B BO!|lBS CD
SBS B B!lBS.
B BS\B HDOD, DS BIU!\BC\DS BHBZBIDD B !D\BIBSBISB DI lBS HBDB
|BS OB DBIBI OB UR SD|W0lB OB\B|HIDBOD, HBS UB DI lBS HBDBIBS OB
DBIBI OB lB HBU!DB O!_!\Bl. cl OBSBIIDllD yB DD SB OBSBOB BD lB D!S\DIIB
y BD lB \BDIB OB lB BIUI\BC\UIB, DI BD DIHBS IB\BI!\BS OBl O!SBDD y OB
lB IDOUCC!DD BIU!\BC\DDICBS, S!DD BD !DS |B_HBDBS \BCDD!D_!CDS OB lDS
BBIB\DOB O!SBDD !DDIHB\!CDS. LDHD DUBVD HBO!D OB IDVBS\!_BC!DD y
_BDBIBCIDD OB DIHB, Bl SD|W0lB CBHO!D lB HBDBIB OB BDSBI y OB O!SB
DBI OB lDS BIU!\BC\DS.
LIBD UB lDS IDS\IUHBD\DS OBl SD|W0lB SDD O!BIBD\BS OB lDS C!BS!~
CDS CDHD Bl CDHBS, B! BIB!BX y lBS BSCUBOIBS _IBOUBOlBS. =BCUBIOD
UB CUBDOD BS\UO!BOB BD I!DCB\DD UD!VB|S!\y HB BDCBD\BOB O!OU]BI
CDD lUH!llB y \!D\B SDOIB Dl!BS\BI, y IBCUBIOD UB OBSCUOI UDB lBD\!

llB lBX!OlB OB CUfVBS OB BOI!CBC!DD BlBHBDB DBCDB CDD OlSCDS OB BlUH!

D!D CUO!Bf!DS OB _DHB. PD \BD_D VBI!BS OB O!S\!D\DS \BHBDDS. LUBDOD
BHBCB B USBI NlCIDS!B\!DD," B !DBlBS OB lB OBCBOB OB 1, UB DIUB
\BDB UDDS CDHBDODS llBHBODS SIDBS. =BCUBIOD BS\B| O!OU]BDOD C!BD~
\DS OB DDIBS BD UR BB|\BHBD\D BUBDD CDD lB lBD\!llB OB CUfVBS OB
_DHB y lBS BSCUBOIBS _IBOUBOlBS BIB IBBl!ZBI lDS O!OU]DS OB lB \DIIB
BBIS. DD lDS l\!HDS lBDDS B HBDD UB D!CB, DIUB lBS DBIIBHlBD\BS
O!_!\BlBS HB BIBC!BIDD HUCDD HBS SDl!OBS y BBS!DDBD\BS.
LD SU BIDX!HBC!DD B]BHlBI B BS\B CBHO!D BD lB IDBS!DD, LyDD U\l~
l!ZBOB B! SD|W0lB |DDIHB\!CD CDHD UD HBO!D DUBVD BD Bl UB, y B \IBVBS
OBl CUBl, DOBD \BDBI lU_BI BXB|!HBD\DS _BDHB\IlCDS y DIHBlBS OBSB~
ODS BD Bl CBlCUlD OBSCDDDC!ODS DBS\B Bl HDHBD\D.
=BBlHBD\B UBIB BXlDIBI Bl HBO!D !DDIHB\!CD \BD\D B D!VBl OBS!CD
CDHD IDUDOD y S!BHIB DB BIIBDCBOD CDD lDS IIDC!!DS !D!C!BlBS OBl
SD|W0lB y SUS HD\DIBS _BDHB\I!CDS. |By OBHBS!BOB _BD\B UB BD\!BD
OB Bl DIOBDBODI CDHD UDB DBIIBH!BD\B BIB BC!l!\BI lB BXIBSlDD D OlBD
CDHD UD S!S\BHB SBUODC!BD\!CD, CUBDOD D!CBHBD\B BS UD !DS\IU
HBD\D OB O!SBDD HBS.
B HDOD UB UB B\ SD|W0lB OB O!SBDD BS!S\!OD DI DIOBDBODI \LP)
UB BD\DDCBS BC!l!\BOB Bl \IBZBOD OB VBS y Bl HDOBlBOD \DD_IBlCD
U\!l!ZBDOD Sl0BS= HBS UB lBS DBIBC!DDBS _BDU!DBS OBl DIOBDBODI
lD UB DD SDlD lD\IDOU]D S!S\BHBS OB _BDBIBC!DD y IDOUCC!DD OB DIHB,
S!DD UB \BHO!BD OBS\BCD Bl BBl CDDS\!\U\!VD OBl !DS\IUHBD\D BD Bl
BDSBH!BD\D y BD Bl O!SBDD BIUl\BC\DD!CDS.
DIHB BD!HBOB
DCD OBSUBS, LyDD BHBZD B BXBI!HBD\BI CDD Bl D\BDC!Bl OB SDW0lB
OB BD!HBC!DD CDHD Pl!BS y, HBS \BIOB NByB, BIB _BDBIBI DIHB.
NB BIBCB UB Bl ID_IBHBI!D OB lB BD!HBC!DD \BDB BD\!OBOBS
_BDHB\I!CBS y HDOBlDS OB CBlCUlD _BDHB\I!CD S!H!lBIBS DIUB lDS BD!~
HBODIBS USBOBD UD\DS OB BDClB]B QUB SB DOBD !D\BIDBI OB HBDBIB
!D!D!\BSlHBl UBS BSB BS lB DB\UIBlBZB OB lB BD!HBClDD D\D_IBHB B D
\D_IBHB. MBOB HUCDDS SUOIDOUC\DS DIHBl y DBIB\!VBHBD\B lD\BIB~

SBD\BS OB BSB SBDSIDIl!OBO BSBC!Bl y \BDDIBl BD\IB lDS DBOIDS O!@!\B~

lBS OB lDS !DS\IUDBD\DS OB BDIDBC!DD OB MDllyWDDO.
!BDIB DB BS\BOD U\!l!ZBDOD Bl 5D1W0IB OB LP OB UD DDOD U D\ID
CDD BS\BS CDSBS. HDDBI\ P!SD SB O!D CUBD\B OBl @IBD DDBID OB BIU!\BC~
\DS UB RBCB USD OB RBIIBD!BD\BS CDDD NByB y SU lBD@UB]B OB ID@IB~
DBC!DD DBIB\!VD BIB CDDS\IU!I IDS\IUDBD\DS OB DDOBlBC!DD DBCDDS B
DBOIOB, OB DDOD UB BDBZD B OBSBIIDlBI UD lBD@UB]B OB ID@IBDBC!DD
BIB NICIDS\B\!DD.
LB BIDXIDBCIDD OB LyDD Bl IDyBC\D BIUI\BC\DD!CD, UD DCD B CDD~
\IBBlD OB lB ID\U!C!DD, DUSCBDB lD IDIBOBC!DlB, !DS BCCOBD\BS BlICBS.
LB BXBIIDBD\BC!DD ]U@UB\DDB =Bl BZBI=SUS\I\UyD Bl IDyBC\D IBOB~
IBIDIDBOD.
`LDBC0 B CDDDCBI Bl 5D1W0IB BXBIIDBD\BDOD, BID \IBS UD BCC!
3BD\B Bl!Z SDlD \!BDB SBD\!OD UB IBC\!UBS, BOU!BIBS ODDIDID B ID\B~
_IBS Bl IBSUl\BOD !DBSBIBOD BD UDB \0CD!CB. !SIU\D OB lDS DDDBD\DS
3R UB OBSCUDID UD D\BDC!Bl DUBVD BD Bl SDIW0IB BID, BD CUBD\D lD
3RCUBD\ID, IDCUID CDDVBI\!ID BD UDB \0CD!CB.`
LyDD U\Il!ZB lB !D\U!C!DD \Bl CDDD lB OBSCI!DB MBDI! BI@SDD." B@D
.yDD` LB !D\U!CIDD BS Bl DDDBD\D BD UB lDS I!DC!IDS y lBS \0CD!CBS OB
JDB O!SCIIDB BS\BD \BD !D\B@IBODS UB UDD BS CBBZ OB BX\IBDlBIlDS,
JBSBIIDllBIlDS y BX\BDOBIlDS CDDD UD !DVBD\D D UDB IDDDVBC!DD. BDB~
!BOD B DBDUOD SB BD\IBDOB BS\D CDDD lD DUBS\D Bl I!@DI y Bl CDDDC!~
T!BD\D, y BSD BS UDB CDDB\B IDCDDIBDS!DD OBl \0ID!DD ID\UC!DD
L 0XI\D OB LyDD SB DBSB BD lB BXlDIBC!DD BXDBUS\IVB y BD B ID\B@IB~
.!DD OB \DODS DS IIDC!!DS UB OBSCUDIB OB DIDB BCCIOBD\B!. DlD B
1SC I!@UIDSD OB 5DIW0IB ID\BIBC\!VD lB BID!\B llB@BI B UD UD\D BD UB
DS IBSUl\BODS UBOBD BD\!C!BISB S!D BS\BI IBOB!D!ODS DI UDB lD@!CB.
:SB BXlDIBC!DD BXDBUS\!VB OBl SD1W0IB ID\BIBC\IVD DB \IBDSDIDBOD DD
IDlD lB DIDB OB O!SBDBI S!DD, \B VBZ OB DBDBIB DBS S!@D!ICB\!VB, lDS
DDCB\DS OB DIDB y BSBC!D.
`P lD lBI@D OB lB D!S\DI!B OB lB BIU!\BC\UIB, lB BS\0\!CB y lB CDDS\IUC~
IDD SB DBD DBSBOD BD UD\DS !]DS CDD CDDIOBDBOBS BXBC\BS UB SB OB~
IDBD BD IBlBC!DD B lB DS!C!DD OB UD CBID BDSDU\D. NUBS\ID OISCUISD SB
!B CBD\IBOD, CDDIBDS!DlBDBD\B, BD IDDIC!DDBS OB DDBIDS BD\BIDS y
|BIIBS OB DDBIDS BD\BIDS, BD DIDBS UB UBOBD IOBBIZBISB y IBOUClI~

SB B BSDS I!DC!!DS DB\BDB\!CDS y Bl VBlDI S!DDDl!CD IBSUl\BD\B OB lDS

DDBIDS BD\BIDS. NB OBDB CUBD\B OB UB Bl 5D1W0IB CDD\BDDIBDBD
DOB BS\BI BDlDBOD DIUB DS DD\DIBS @BDD0\I!CDS UB U\!l!ZBDBD BS~
\DS ID@IBDBS SB DBSBDBD BD Bl CBlCUlD. DOBS DDVBI UD DD]B\D y lUB@D
!D\BIDlBI \DOB UDB CDlBCC!DD OB VBI!BDlBS BD BSDS !D!D!\BS!DBlDBD~
\B DBDDIBS. LDS UD\DS OBl BSBClD SB DBCBD lU!ODS OBD!OD B lBS IB~
lBC!DDBS BD CBlCUlD OB lBS VBI!BDlBS, y BSD DDlOBBDB y OBDB DIDB B lDS
DDOBlDS. Pl I!DCI!D, BD PD|00IB DI0 CBD\I0 D! BDSBD!BD\D SDDIB lB
IBVDlUC!DD OB lB DDV!IOBO. DlD UD BD DBS \BIOB DB O! CUBD\B OB UB
B IBVDlUC!DD IBBl BS\BDB BD Bl USD OB UD !DVBD\D OB \IBS S!@lDS OB BD\!~
@BOBO. Bl CBlCUlD.`
HBC!BD\BDBD\B, LyDD DB DDS\IBOD DBDDI !D\BI0S BD ]US\!lCBI D OBI
CUBID B !B UBIZB y Bl DDV!D!BD\D y DBS BD lB @BDDB\IB OB lBS CUIVB\U~
IBS @BDBIBOBS DI CBlCUlD.
0fRB DBSB0B 0D 0l CBlCul0
LD BSB CDD\BX\D, lBS CUBS\lDDBS OB IBlBC!DD BD\IB lBS Bf\BS y Bl \DOD
|UB SU@!BIBD UB B \DOD BS DBS UB lB SUDB OB lBS BI\BS} lB IBSUl\BD
B LyDD DBS CBICBDBS y BS\IDUlBD\BS UB lBS OB lB BICBClDD O!DBD!CB
y B DDV!D!BD\D l!\BIBl, CDDD BD UD CDlB\BZD OB lB \BDIB !DISBCUBI OB
lB BS10l, y SUS IBBIBD\BS BIU!\BC\DDlCDS BBIBCBD \BDDI0D DBS CBD~
\IBODS BD UDB ID\BIBC\!V!OBO !DO!VIOUBl!ZBOB UB BD \BDBS CUl\UIBlBS D
CIV!CDS.
LB BIU!\BC\UIB \!BDB UDB DlS\DIlB O!SC!l!DBI y UDB IBSDDSBD!l!OBO
BD B BXIBS\DD OB lBS IBlBC!DDBS y ]BIBIUBS BD\IB lBS BI\BS y Bl \DOD.
Pl I!DC!!D, CDDD 0IBDDS B!C!DDBODS, DD BXIBSBDDS BS\BS CDSBS y, BD
SU lU@BI, lDS BOl!ClDS SB IDDDBD CDDD OBSCDDUDBlBS DBSBS DDDDl~
\!CBS OB UDB SDlB !BZB. @DDIBI lB DlS\DI!B y lB I!UBZB OBl BDSBDDlBjB BS
DlV!OBI Bl !DBC\D IBBl OBl CBlCUlD.`
US DDD5 \BDSIDDBODS OB lB O0CBOB OB lB LBSB BDDIlDlD@lCB,
Bl IDyBC\D OB V!V!BDOBS BD lB!DUI@ [MDlBDOB) y lBS \B\BIBS y CB~
B\BIBS BIB PlBSS! SDD \DODS O!SBDDS CBIBC\BIS\!C0S UB BXlDIBD lBS
IBlBC!DDBS OB lBS BI\BS CDD Bl \DOD.

D BHOBI_D, BDIBDBOD B UD B]BIC!CD IDBS!DDB! CIBCBDB y BDCBI~

_DS CBOB VBZ HByDIBS y HSS CDH!B[DS, LyDD DB OBOD !B BSB!OB B !DS
ID_IBHBS BSSDOBI OB O!SBHD y SB DB CDDCBDIBOD BD !BS DBIIBH!BDBS
DBCDBS B HBO!OB.
MBCBHDS B!_D OB ID_IBHBCDD BIB !CIDSB!DD BDBIB!VB LDHD~
DBDS, BID BSD S_DI!CB BDV!BI B _BDB OB! OBSBCDD B SBSDDBS OB DIHB~
C!DD CDD DOBI PISD, y BHO!D S_DICB BSCI!O!IDDS DI CDIIBD B!BCID~
DCD BIB CUBS!DDBS BSBCCBS y DBCBI!B VBDI B ! B !B DIC!DB CBOB SBS
D DUBVB HBSBS. LHBZBHDS B U!!ZBI B! SD|W0IB OB BDIy 1BCDDD!D_!BS"
y BDCeDIBHDS UB !B BIBHI!CB BIB HUy SD!OB, BS UB BSBHDS S!S~
BHB!ZBDOD y ID_IBHBDOD CBOB VBZ HSS DBIIBH!BDIBS OB O!SBHD BIB
BSB SD|W0IB. LD U!!!ZBHDS S!BHIB BD IBOB]DS !HDIBDBS.
LSBHDS DBCBDOD B! IDyBCD OB H! CBSB, !B CBSB !BV!D, CDD BSB

IDIBHB BIB BVB!UBI !DS !H!BS OB! SD|W0IB. LS BOH!IBO!B, y OBSBDB

BCI! OB BSBI B! O!SBHD OB DBIIBHBDBS B HBO!OB BIB DBCBI HDOB!B~
OD BIBHI!CD. 1BHOD BDBHDS _BDB OB! OBSBCDD DIHSDODSB CDD
BDD!S DB!OBD y LDI!SBD LBCCBD, OB BDIy 1BCDDD!D_IBS, OB HDOD UB
yB DD !BS BDBHDS UB HD!BSBI BDD !O!BDOD ByUOB. B DOBS HBDB
IBS, tBHOID CD!BODID CDD IBDK . BDIy BD UD IDyBCD, BS UB VBHDS
CDDHUBHBDB B SU OBSBCDD' DBy HUCDDS HSS DVB!BS OB CD!BODIBCDD
BBIB OB! sD|W0IB, BS UB B! USD OB SU SD|W0IB BS HUy BSHU!BDB
B HUCDDS D!VB!BS y BSS BDIBDOD UD BBCD OBSBDB S_D!!CB!VD BD H!
IBOB]D.
U060n06 00 0l60n0
B BSB HDOD, B! BHBHD OB LyDD DI SUS DBIIBHBDBS OB OISBHD DB~
CDBS B HBOOB VBDB HBICBOD DI IBS BHBS C!BVB. !B CDDVBI_BDCB OB!
Se|W0IB, B! CBHO!D B UD HBO!D OBSBOD BD B! CS!CU!D BD !U_BI OB UD HB~
OID

HeOU!BI OB OHBDS!DDBS UBOIBOBS y, DB!HBDB, !B D!SDI!B OB !B
DD

!!S!CB. LD CUB!U!BI eBSD, BIB LyDD, BDD !B BIDIBCDD OB UD CDO_D

aXISBDB CDHD !B BSCOUIB OB UD DUBVD CDO_D SDD SD!D HBO!DS BIB UD
U. B! OBSBD OB!

BU!BCD OB !!BVBI B CBOD UDB !OBB OB OSBHD

PUDUB
BSBD OBSBBIC!O!OBS, B HBDUOD !BS BSIBB_!BS OB OSBHD y IDOUCCDD
1Jo
DDVBODSBS SB !DVBDBD _IBCIBS B! I_DI BD B! IDCBSD OB! OSBHD, UB UB~
OB D DD DC!UI !B BSCIUIB y IBBSCI!UIB OB !DS CDO_DS.
PBIB OB SU BSC!DBC!DD DI !B BIDBC!DD y BOBBC!DD BISDDB! OB!
SD|W0IB BXSBDB, BIB LyDD S!_UB SBDOD `HBDDS IHDIBDB BIB UD
BIU!BCD BIBDOBI B OBSBIID!!BI SUS DBIIBHBDBS OB SD|W0IB, BS HB~
DDS !HDI\BDB BIBDOBI B ID_IBHBI UB BIBDOBI B O!SBHBI.
LB BBl!Cl0D O0 lBS y 0IlHB@0 U0 BOlCUlBlH0DI0 O0SIBCBDl0. LB C0HBDB llBS, UD~
OBOB 0D 10I0DI0 0D J, Cl00 UD l0@lBHB SCDClll0 BlB I0OUClI BD!HBCl0D IllOlH0DSl0~
DB 0D VO00 BlB lB lDOUSIIlB O0 B UDllClOBO y lBS 0HI0SBS O0 0Sl0OUCCl0D. UDlV0ISBl
IUO!0S U0 UD0 O0 SUS IlH0l0S Cll0DI0S, S0@UlO0 0I 0D0IBl N0I0lS 0D Jb, O0DO0 llBS
IDC0l0I0 B I0CD0l0@lB O0 MU ]M0DUDl0IH BIl0DBl BSlS llD0} 0D l0S SlSI0HBS
L DBSBO0S 0D Sl00S 0XlSI0DI0S 0D lB C0HBDB. BSSDO0S0 0D SIO0S CBlOlDBl0S HS
U0 0D lD0BS 0ll@0DB0S, 0 lBS l0OUCB lD0BS y SU0llCl0S SUBV0S 0 lD0OlIBS. MBClB
1, HUCD0S BUI0H0V!l0S, C0H0 l0S NW, M0DOB y Y0lV0, S0 OlS0DBl0D C0D S0W0l0 d
Cl0BO0 0f lBS. LD J llBS y WBV0l0DI S0 UDl0l0D BlB 0lHBl llBSWBV0l0DI.
0IlHB@0 U0 UDOBOB 0D J 0l 0 ClD0BSIB CBDBOl0DS0 BDl0l LBD@l0lS C0D 0 |D O0
l0OUCll 0llCUlBS O0 BDlHBC!0D. U lO0B 0lB B CI0BCl0D O0 UD S01w0l0 O0 BDlHBCl0D d
D0 S0l0 O0 BIIlSIBS SlD0 IBHD!0D BlB 0l0S. 0IlHB@0 S0 O0SBIl0ll0 C0D lBlO0Z. LB HBy0l
BlI0 O0 SUS Cl0DI0S 0lBD 0SIUOl0S O0 l0OUCCl0D, C0H0 DOUSIIlB Ll@0I BDO NB@lC, l@lIB
0HBlD, 0@B, MlDI0DO0 y 0Dy, U0 DBD USBO0 0 S0lW0l0 S0Dl0 I0O0 BlB Cl0Bl BDlHB~
Cl0D 0D 0lCUlBS C0D 0lS0DB[0S I0B0S, C0H0 0IQU0 ]UI0StC0, 1If0OIC, N0llX y L0 gU0ll0
00 0S g00Xl0S, 0 BIB VlO00]U0@0S C0H0 UQl N0lI0 , 0KK00, VIllU0 g0l0l, W0v0l I0C0
y N Lv0
0l 0[0Hl0, B l@0SlB l0SDII0llBDB C0l0BDB ]MU0VB Y0IK, J}, 0l C0DCUlS0 BlB 0l Ly0~
D0BH NUS0UH 0 lI BDO 10CDD0l0@y ]MU0VB Y0lK, Z}, B LBSB 0HDll0l0@lCB JJ), lB
CB0I0lB y lB I0I0IB BlB l0SS! Zd},lB l00lHB O0l Dl0U0 O0 VlVl0DOBS hl0DUl@ ]l[lH0I~
H00l, M0lBDOB, Z} y lB CBSB lBVlD ]Y0D lC0, LBll0IDlB, Z}.
LyDD, 0l@,7. 00/Og /0 0IC0/f0CfUI0 Wll0y~CBO0Hy, MU0VB T0lK, J ]0O!Cl0D l0VlSB~
OB 0D <} 00S, D00/0S D0DS. L0l0C00 0SS0yS, llDC0I0D lCDlI0CIUIBl l0SS, MU0VB
T0lK, J,0/00f0 0l0, l!DC0I0D ICDlI0CIUIBl l0SS, MU0VB T0lK, J,lCR/l0CfUI0 0I
0O 00Dly00glC 00UStOg, lfK0US0l Y0IB@, BSl0BLBHDllO@0, Zd 0lllC0Cy, lDSIlIUI0 0
L0DI0H0lBty II1D!V0lS!Iy 0 0DDSylVBDlB, lBO0lB, Zd.
"1D 0Il@0D NlCl0SIBIl0D U0 O0SBll0llBO0 0l 0DI0y ySI0HS 0D lB O0CBOB O0 J BlB
0S CBH0S O0 lB lD@0D!0IlB y lB BlUlI0CIUIB. 1D UD llDCll0 S0 UIllZ0 BlB OlDU[0S O0
C0DSIIUCC!0D, 0l0 0DS0@U!OB S0 O0SBIl0ll0 BDBOlDO0S0l0 H0O0lBO0 BVBDZBO0 0 lDSIIU~
H0DI0S O0 l0l0S0DIBCl0D 0I0II0BlSIB, U0 !DClUlBD S0llO0S D00l0BD0S, S0HDlBS y BDHB~
C!0D 0l 0I0@IBHBS. O0HSS NlCl0SIBIl0D l00lCl0DB, 0DIl0 0Il0S, 0DI0lD0S 0S0ClBllZB~
O0S BlB lB BIUlI0CIUIB, lB lD@0Dl0IB C!Vl, 0l IlBZBO0 CBlI0@l8lC0 0 0l OlS0D0 lDOUSIllBl.
11U
L| ||.0s0|0 ||0c0s H0n U|gs0n (189-1941) s0s|n| q0 | |0|Jc00 s m&s |0|00J
qJ . |n|.c|0 5Js |<|0s LO z0'uc'00 cJ107 (197| , M7|7 y mm0'7 \T89| |n
|n|b0 |0|g|| |0s 0||tg0s J .as c|nc|s b0|0g|cs c0n . |0|| J | c00c|nc|,
||nJ0 . zs|00 mc0|c|s| J | 0|u||t
0|, Tc000|0gs, f00JJ n ZZ p0| | J||mn|0 J |+U J| s|0J0 F|nk 0|,
nJ 0ss0c||s, p|0g|m , | |0g|m s0 |00 s0||w7 bsJ0 0 C||, Jn p|0g|m
0r|g0|mn| Js||0..J0 | . |nJJs|| |0sc. 0 Uss0| 5,s|ms (I|nc|,
c00 | 0bj||z0 J |c|||| | J|s00 , . p|0JJcc|0n J |qJ||c|J|s. Hc z||0s 00s,
Jms |,m0, Jn0 J 0s s0c0s J m,0| n||gJJJ 0 | c0mp0| J 0|,, mp0
Js||0.|| 0||m|n|s J s0||wJ sc|tJs p| |c||||| | c0ns||0cc0n J
|0s cJ zt m&s c0m||cJ0s |0,c|0s J 0|, L0s c0n||||s|s 0|'||tbn . s0w7|
p| |0JJc| mJ|c|0ns <c|s J. c|0, mJ| , 0||0s m||.s J| p|0,c|0 0|,
Jc0n0.0g|s |mb|00 s|s| 0||0s Jspc00s J |qJ||0|0|, 0||c|nJ0 c00s0||0|s,
|0zs|gc|00 , Js||0.|0, s c0m0 |0J0c|0s |cn0|0g|c0s q0 |0c.0,0 D|g||. P|0,c|,
0n c00j00|0 J .|cc0ns J s0||w7 bsJs 0 . m0|0| J m0JJ0 C|| Vb.
T7U
0 1D N1T181
lBjBDOID ZBBIB~HDlDlDIBI@H lCB PICDlIBCIS

|D VIIUBl BS lB DSIOIlIOBO OB DIIBI lB IBBlIOBO y VBI CDSBS QUB HD BXISBD
BID QUB, BH CIBID DDOD, BSBD IBSBDBS, lBBDBS, CDDBDIOBS OBHID
OB BSB IBBlIOBO, BUDQUB BD DD DByBD SIOD BCUBlIZBOBS. BDID OB lB
lIBOICIDD IOBBlISB DCClOBDBl lB IBCICB OB lB BIQUIBCUIB SB DB VB
DIOD OBSBIID\lBDOD BD lB BSBIB UDICB D lB CDHSBIVBODIB. LD VIIUBl BOIB
UD UBIBSBHB BOBDlCD OB DSIOIlIOBOBS BIB BSB IBCICB, BH lB QUB lDS
fDOUCDS DD SDH DI IBBlBS DI IOBBlBS. LBS CDDSIOBIBCIDDBS IB@DBICBS
0D SB DDHBD B lD VIIUBl. B DBCDD, UBOBD IBSUlBI CIICBS BIB SU BlB~
UDIBCIDD. BID BHBDDS QUB BlICBI UH ID BIIICUlBI OB IB@DBISDD,
D BD Bl SBDIOD OB QUB Bl B[BICICID IDBSIDHBl CDDSlSB SIDlBDBHB
0 D IBIDOUCII lDS DDOBlDS OB BSB B[BICICID QUB yB DBD SIOD VBIIICBODS.
P HISDD IBDD, UDD HD SB DDHB B lB IBB!IOBO DBCIBHOD OBClBIBCIDHBS
VISIDDBIIBS, SIDD IBBDOD OB BDCDDIBI DSIOIlIOBOBS OBDID OB BllB.
ND DDS IDBIBSB lB BIQUIBCUIB VIfIUBl, SIHD lD VIIIUBl BD lB BIQUIBC~
\|1 B. LB DBBIIBlIOBO BS IDBlDBDB lB CDDOIClDD DBCBSBIlB OB lB BIQUI
0CUIB, y Bl OIB@IBDB, Bl IHSIUDBDD QUB HDS BIDIB CDDSIUII HUBVDS
C DHUBSDS DBBIIBlBS. ND IBOB[BDDS CDD DBBIIBlBS lIBIBlBS, BID
!J\DDCD CDH DBBIlB\BS VIIUBlBS. ND IBOB[BDDS CDH OISCUISDS, SIHD
DD DBBIIBlIOBO, DIQUB lB BIQUlBCUIB HD SB @BDBIB B IBV0S OB UD
OISCuISD BDIICD QUB OBSU0S SB DBBIIBlIZB. LB BSBCIICIOBO OB BSB
II5CIlIDB BS QUB IBOB[BDDS CDH DBBIIBlBS QUB lBDBH @BDDBIBS, DI
jjBDBCDDBS, IDIBOBOBS, BC. LD IHBIBSBDB OB DBIBI CDD OIB@IBDBS
y 0DS\IBCCIDHBS BS QUB HDS BIDIBH SIDBlZBI DUBVDS DBBIIBlBS y OB
80IIDllBI B\ IDyBCD CDDD UD IDCBSD OB IBHSDIDBCIDH DBBIIBl, DBS
U0 IDBDBI IBOUCII UH OISCUISD BDIICD BD BIQUIBCUIB. cl DBHClB
O0 lDS OIB@IBDBS y OB lDS DBOIDS IDDIDBICDS DD BS lB CBBCIOBO OB
nott P0|0, 0|j0J|0|I0||gn J|||c 0|c0||c|s, "IJ0 C0J Hm|< Z (||gm0|0|, 0
7ll, \ 0etg0 U//ice Archfecfs), U|c0n, Z, &g TJ. T|J0cc|00 J J0|g 5|0t.
T7T
IDOUC!I HUHODS V!I\UBlBS, HHB\BI!BlBS, S!HD B DS!OIl!OBO OB S!H\B\!ZBI
HUBVDS HB\BIBlBS \IBOB]BI CDD BllDS CDH UD I!@DI UB HD BIB DS!OlB
BH\BS OB lB BBI!CIDD OB BS\BS DBIIBH!BD\BS. LD UB \IB\BHDS OB BXlD\BI
CDH BS\DS HBOIDS DD BS lB DS!O!l!OBO OB @BHBIBI UD HUHOD BIBlBlD !HHB~
\BI!Bl, SHD lB DS!O!l!OBO OB DHBI BH UH H!SHD lBDD HB\BI!BlBS O!S\!H~
\DS OB HBHBIB UB UBOBH IDOUC!I UH BHSBHOlB]B DOI!OD BD\IB BllDS. B
\IB\B OB DOBI \IBOB]BI CDH UHB DUBVB HB\BI!B UB B HD BS\B H!CBHBD\B
DIHBOB OB HBOBIB, CBIBH!CB D BCBID, S!HD UB, DI B]BHD, DOIB CDH
DHBISB OB DDIH!@DH, V!OI!D, USDS CBD\!OBOBS OB U]D.
1ZZ
1lq1lLcCL1IR, C1clC1R, LcClDDglR
g c lc1lO Uc D VllL1Ri
PHtDlHB lCDH
UUo
LH BDDS IBC!BH\BS SB DB BHl!BOD Bl DHBID OB !HB@BDBS HB\BDIBS
IDCBOBH\BS OB lBS HB\BHB\!CBS, lB S!CB lB OIDlD@B HDlBCUlBI BH\IB
lDS BIU!\BC\DS. NUCDBS OB BSBS !HB@BHBS HB\BDIBS BS\BH V!HCUlBOBS
Bl OBSBIIDllD OB lB BIUl\BC\UIB Ol@!\Bl B lB CIBC!BD\B !HDI\BHClB UB
SB D\DI@B B lB O!HBHS!DH V!l\UBl OB lB O!SC!l!HB BIU!\BC\DH!CB. JDOD B~
IBCB !HO!CBI SU DS!OlB \IBSCBDOBHC!B B H!VBl HUHO!Bl. gLS Bl BOUDOBH\B
USD OB IBBIBHC!BS CDHD lB \DDlD@B, lDS IBC\BlBS, lB \BDIB OBl CBDS D
lB SBCUBHC!B OBl PN UH HBID DBOl\D IB\DI!CD D VlBHB HD\lVBOD DI IBZD~
DBS HBS IDUHOBS LH D\IBS BlBOIBS, gB U0 D!VBl UHClDHBH lBS IBB~
IBDC!BS CIBH\!CBS BH lB BIUl\BC\UIB CDH\BHDIBHBB LB CUBS\lDH SB DB
DBCDD HBOBICBOlB OBO!OD B lB HUl\!llCBC!DH OB O!CDBS IBBIBHC!BS.
Ll USD OB !HB@BHBS HB\BDIBS C!BH\!CBS BH lB O!SC!llHB BIU!\BC\D~
H!CB HD BS, DI OBSCDH\BOD, UD BHDHBHD IBC!BH\B. P lD lBI@D OBl Sl@lD XIX,
lDS BIU!\BC\DS DBCBH CDHS\BH\BS IBBIBHC!BS B lBS C!BHC!BS OB lB O!D~
lD@B, UB BVBDZBOBH CDH IB!OBZ. |B UD HDOD SlH!lBI, lDS I!HC!BlBS
ID\B@DH!S\BS OBl HDV!H!BH\D HDOBIHD !HVDCBOBH HDClDHBS C!BH\!CBS
CDHD lB \BDIB OB lB IBlB\!VlOBO OB PlOBl\ L!HS\B!H. !H BHOBI@D, BS\DS
B!SDOlDS HD SDH !@UBlBS BD \IBSCBHOBHC!B B lDS BC\UBlBS.
Ll HBDI D HBDDI @IBOD OB !HDI\BHC!B OB lBS IBBIBHC!BS C!BH\!CBS
BDI\BOBS DI DS BIU!\BC\DS UBOB BVBlUBISB BH UHClDH OB SU CDH~
\I!OUC!DD B lB CUl\UIB BIU!\BC\DD!CB. LH Bl CBHD OB lB BIU!\BC\UIB,
lDS I0S\BHDS OB lB C!BHC!B BH DCBSlDHBS DBH llBVBOD B lB IDOUCC!DH
OB HDC!DHBS CDHCB\DS DUBVDS UB SB DBH IBVBlBOD UHOBHBH\BlBS.
gU0 DBOIB SIOD OB lB BIU!\BC\UIB OBC!HDHDH!CB S!H lB HDC!DH OB BS
ICDD, DIDH0 fCRJI0CUf0, SC0DC0 I0CRHDD@y, BH0 IR0 VIfIUB f0B\P, 0D CDH HIDH0
y DD0, \0SSBH0IB |eds.},Atc0|tecture cnd the sciences: Fxc0cnin metcphrs, IJDC0IDD
ICDJI0CIUfB\ f0SS NU0VB TDIX, ZUU3, 8@S. ZU33J3.
IUC\UIB LSB !OBB UB IBSUl\BOD OB UDB SBI!B OB !D\BICBHD!DS BD\IB lB
iIUI\PC\UIB y B BSIUO!D OB lDS DI_BD!SHDS V!VDS. LD IBBl!OBO, Bl I!D~
!!D lB BlBDIB IBDCBSB SlUCUI6 SB U\!l!ZD BIB OBS_DBI lB DI_BD!ZB~
!DD !D\BIDB OB CUBID y OB SUS OIVBISDS DI_BDDS BD\BS OB B!CBISB B
0S BOI!C!DS.'
l_UDBS ICBIBDC!BS C!BD\!CBS RBD OBHDS\IBOD SBI HSS SUBI!C!B~
5S UB D\IBS, CDHD BS B CBSD OB B IBlB\IV!OBO y Bl HDV!H!BD\D HDOBIDD.
'BIB UD BIU!\BC\D CDHD LB LDIDUS!BI, lB IBlB\IV!OBO BIB UDB \BDIB OB
lIBS\!_ID, BID B VBCBS BIB IBHD\B y Bl_D CI\!CB. _LUSBS SDD lBS CDDO!~
!DDBS UB, BD UD HDHBD\D OBOD, HBCBD UB lBS IBlBC!DDBS BD\IB C!BD~
!B y BIUI\BC\UIB SBBD VBIOBOBIBHBD\B IDOUC\!VBS UDB VBZ HSS, BS\B
UBS\!DD IBSUl\B O!C!l OB BUO!I, VlS\D Bl BS\BOD CDD\BHDISDBD OB lDS
|SUD\DS OBl CBHD OB lB BIU!\BC\UIB.
LlB_BODS B BS\B UD\D, DOIBHDS BVBD\UIBI UDB IBSUBS\B. Bl CBISC\BI
JIDOUC\!VD OB C!BI\DS B!SDO!DS OB lB R!S\DI!B OB lBS IBlBC!DDBS BD\IB C!BD~
!B y BIU!\BC\UIB \Bl VBZ SB OBDB B lB BXIS\BDCIB OB SIHIlI\UOBS BD\IB BS
IBIBC!DDBS BD UB SB DBSBD lB C!BDC!B y lB BIU!\BC\UIB. BDBHDS UB, OB
\BCDD, lDS CDDCB\DS y lBS !OBBS DD SB OBSBIID\BD BD UDB BSBIB !D\BlBC~
UB B\IBB, S!DD UB SDD !DO!SDC!BDlBS OB lB ISC\!CB, OB !DS\IUHBD\DS y
IBIBC!DDBS CDDCIB\DS. LBS CDDS\IUCCIDDBS _BDH\I!CBS y lBS \CD!CBS OB
DBOIC!DD BIBD, DI BjBHlD, lBS H!SHBS BD Bl BjBIC!C!D OB B BIU!\BC\UIB
OB lB C!BDC!B OB lDS S!_DS KV, XI y XII. LBS C!BDC!BS OB lB D!DlD_B y lB
lIU!\BC\UIB OB S!_lD KIK CDHBI\BD lB ISC\!CB OB lB O!SBCCIDD. LDHD
:X!CB NBI\D IBSSBD! BD SU \BS!S SDDIB V!DlB\lB~UC, lB O!SBCC!DD
?IB \BD UDOBHBD\B BIB B BIUBDD_D y B BIU!\BC\D OBl S!_lD X!X CDHD
1BIB Bl C!BD\!CD UB BS\UO!BDB B lDS SBIBS V!VDS.'
LS\BS SIHIl!\UOBS DD \BDOIBD S!_D!!CBOD Bl_UDD SI DD BS\UVIBIBD !H~
JU!OBS DI UDB OIHBDS!DD SBDSDI!Bl. LD D\IBS BlBDIBS, lB C!BDC!B y lB BI~
|U!\BC\UIB SB BDCUBD\IBD CUBDOD BHDBS CDD\IIDUyBD B lB CDDS\IUCC!DD
!U\UIBl OB lB BICBCIDD. LDHD lBD\BB N!CRBB BXBDOBll BD %DCBlDS
7B /D6DC/0D,` V!V!I BD UDB CUl\UIB BS S!DDD!HD OB V!VII CDD UDB BOUCBCIDD
:SBCICB OB DS SBD\IODS. LB V!S!DD BS BSBC!BHBD\B !HDI\BD\B CUBD~
JD SB \IB\B OB BIU!\BC\UIB. LDD IBCUBDC!B lB C!BDC!B y lB BIU!\BC\UIB SB
JBD C!\B BD SU !D\BD\D CDHBI\!OD OB OBI DIHB D IBDIHB!ZBI lBS CB\B~
_DIBS OB lB BICBC!DD V!SUBl.
|
SU VBZ, BSBS CB\B_DIBS SDD lDSBBIBDlBS OB lB CDDS\UCC!DD OBl SU~
]B\D UB DDSBIVB Bl HUDOD. BSOB Bl IBDBC!H!BD\D, lDS HByDIBS CBHD!DS
BD lB V!S!DD OBl HUDOD DBD S!OD \BHD!D CBHDIDS BD lB OB!D!C!DD OBl
SUjB\D RUHBDD. LD UB C!BDCIB y BIU!\BC\UIB CDHBI\BD DD BS SDlD lB
BHD!CIDD DI !D\BIIB\BI y \IBDSDIHBI Bl HUDOD, S!DD, SDDIB \DOD, lB OB
DDlBIlD CDD SUjB\DS OlBIBD\BS OB UDB DCB B lB D\IB.
LB BIUl\BC\UIB g lB OlHBDSlDD VIIIUBl
BIH\BDHB \IB\BI BRDIB lB CUBS\!DD OB lD V!\UBl. _LDHD SB OBlDB lB `IBB~
l!OBO V!IUBl L\!HDlD_!CBHBD\B, `V!I\UBl` S!_D!!CB llBDD OB V!IIUO, BD\BD~
O!BDOD BU V!I\UO CDHD UDB CBBC!OBO OB BCClDD. B_D lB V!BjB O!S\!D~
C!DD !lDSD!CB BD\IB CBBC!OBO y BCC!DD, lB IBBl!OBO VlIIUB DD BS HSS UB
UD D\BDClBl UB BSBIB SU lBDB IBBl!ZBC!DD. LB IBBl!OBO VlI\UBl DD BS OB
DID_UDB HBDBIB !IIBBl, BID \DOBVB DD SB RB HBDlBS\BOD SU BBC\D CDH~
lB\D. LB IBBl!OBO DD BS Bl IDDlBHB, lD UB lB Bl\B BD BI\B BS SU lBDD
OBSBIIDllD D BSBDC!B. LB IBBlOBO V!\UBl UBOB !D\BIIB\BISB CDHD UD
_BIHBD, CDHD Bl UD\D OB BI\IOB OB UDB BVDlUC!DD O!DSH!CB.
LB O!S\!DC!DD BD\IB lD HBIBHBD\B D\BDC!Bl y lD CDHlB\BHBD\B IBBl
]U_BDB UD BBl !HDI\BD\B BD lB \BDlD_B y BD lB llDSDB HBO!BVBlBS.
LD Bl S!_lD XII SB_UB S!BDOD UDOBHBD\Bl BIB !lDSDDS CDHD LB!DD!Z,
OB BR B IBB\!OD !D\BIS OB !llBS BlBUZB DI SU !lDSDB. LD\IB lDS
IlDSDDS CDD\BHDISDBDS, BlBUZB BS UlBD HSS BXRBUS\!VBHBD\B RB
\IB\BOD Bl \BHB OB lD V!I\UBl.
BCDIOBHDS BSB IBS_D UDOBHBD\Bl OB lB IBBl!OBO V!I\UBl OBSOB SUS
DI_BDBS !lDSD!CDS. BS UDB IBBl!OBO, BID UDB IBBllOBO D\BDC!Bl. LB IBB~
l!OBO V!I\UBl DIBD DOIB IBIBSBD\BI lB D\BDC!B, lB \BDS!DD, Bl l!B_UB D
UDB SBI!B lDOB!D!OB OB l\B_UBS, DI U\!l!ZBI Bl VDCBDUlBI!D OBl IDlD
BlBUZB," UB DBCBD UB lB IBBl!OBO CDIIIBD\B SBB DS!DlB.
BSOB BSB BISBC\lVB, lB BIU!\BC\UIB IBSBD\B UD UBI\B CDD\BD!OD
V!I1UBl, yB UB DD UBOB IBOUC!ISB D! B UDB CDlBCC!DD OB BO!!ClDS DD\B~
DlBS Dl B lBS DDIHBS BS\\!CBS, U\!l!\BI!BS y CDDS\IUC\!VBS UB RBCBD B
BSDS BO!!C!DS DD\BDlBS. LB BIU!\BC\UIB DD BS DI UDB CDlBCC!DD OB CDSBS
D! UD CDDjUD\D OB DDIHBS. J!BDB HSS UB VBI CDD Bl I!DC!!D CIBB\!VD
1D
[UB BID!\B UD !D\BICBDO!D CDDS\BD\B BD\IB lB IBBl!OBO CDDS\IU!OB y Bl
.DO|\D OBl CDDDC!D!BD\D, DS IBCB\DS y lBS DDIDBS. LB BIU!\BC\UIB
|DOIB BIBC\BDBD\B BS\BI UDOBOB BD lB IBBl!OBO V!I\UB.
L
.
SB CBIBC\BI V!I\UBl UBOB DOSBIVBISB OBSOB VBI!DS BO_UCS. LBS
iOClDDBS OB IDyBC\D y O!SBD CDIIBSDDOBD ClBIBDBD\B B UDD OB lDS
|UD\DS OB V!S\B UDOBDBD\BBS. LB O!S\!DC!CD BD\IB lD CDDS\IU!OD y lB
3\BDC!CD UB lD DI!_!DB BS BSBDC!B BIB UDB OB!D!C!CD DDOBIOB OB lB
!SCll!DB BIU!\BC\CD!CB. LSB OB!D!C!CD BDBZC B BBIBCBI BD B IBDB~
!D!eD\D CDD B BBI!C!CD OB lB !OBB !\B!!BDB OB 0SB_OD, UB SBIVB BIB
BBItSB \BO\D B lB !D\BDC!CD CDDD B SU BXIBS!CD BSBC!Bl. LB BlBOIB
IBDCBSB 0BSSBO y lB !D_BSB 0BS_O \BDBD BD\DDCBS SBD\!ODS CDDB~
BOlBS.
LBSOB Bl I!DC!!D, Bl O!SBD UB UD CDDBDO!D OB VBI!BS CDSBS. OBDBS
lB CUOI!I \BD\D lB !D\BDC!CD _BDBIBl CDDD SU \IBOUCC!CD BSBClBl Bl O!SB~
e \BDO!BD BOBICBOB UDB O!DBDS!CD \BCDDC_!CB. LB BDDSB CUlB OB
|lID IUDBllBSCR! BIB B CB\BOIBl OB lDIBDC!B SB BDCUBD\IB BD\IB lDS
I!DBIDS B]BDlDS OB BSB O!DBDS!CD \BCDDlC_!CB. LS O!BD CDDDC!OD UB
IUDBllBSCRl DD SClD O!SBC UDB BS\IUC\UIB, S!DD \BDO!BD lBS DBU!DBS y
DCBSD UB eIDl\!BIDD SU CDDS\IUCC!CD." US RBIBOBIDS DD SlBDIB
|_UIBIDD SU CBDHD, BID BSB CDDCBC!CD !D\B_IBl OBl O!SBD RB UBOBOD
DDD UD !OBBl OBSOB BD\DDCBS. LD DUCRDS BSBC\DS, lB l09B CDOS/UCIlvB
B JBBD IDUVB BS UDB DUBVB DIDUlBC!CD OB BSB VlB]D !OBBl."
_LUB BS lB IBBl!OBO OBl O!SBD BIU!\BC\CD!CD: IBC!SBDBD\B lB IBB~
OBO V!I\UBl. \IBVBS OBl lBOBI!D\D OB SUS !DOB\BID!DBC!DDBS Bl O!SBD
BCB DS!OlB lB IBBl!ZBC!CD OB UDB !D\BDC!CD. Ll O!SBD SB BDCBD\IB BD~
IB lBS O!DBDS!DDBS V!I\UBlBS OB lB BIUl\BC\UIB.
LB !DDI\BDC!B OB BS\B O!DBDS!CD V!I\UB RB CIBClOD CBS! OB UDB DB~
BIa CDD\!DUB OBSOB B! IBDBC!D!BD\D RBS\B lB BCRB. 1IBS B B!SDO!D U D~
BClDDB OB B CpUlB OB IUDBllBSCR!, LBDD B\\!S\B OBI\! R!ZD D!OCB!B
D lB DB\UIBlBZB |D\BlBC\UB OBl O!SBD BIU!\BC\CD!CD BD SU B lB 0B0~
'C0Dl0. !D BDOBI_D, RBS\B lDBlBS OBl S!_lD XV||| BS\B CDDCBCICD RU~
1BD!S\B SB V!D CDDS\BD\BDBD\B BDBOBZBOB DI UOB V!SlCD DBS IDSB!CB
UB OBOB I!DI!OBO B lBS IB_lBS IBC\!CBS OBSBOBS BD B DOSBIVBClCD OB
3DOBlDS BX!S\BD\BS, BS CDDD B lBS CUBS\!DDBS \BCOlCBS. LSB BC\l\UO UB
SBClBlDBD\B IDDUDC!BOB BD IBOClB, ODDOB lBS !_UIBS IDBS!DDBlBS

OBl BIU!\BC\D y Bl DBBS\ID OB DOIB BIDBDBC!BIDD UD!OBS OUIBD\B DU~
CRD \!BDD. ND DOS\BD\B, B !DBlBS OBl S!_lD v||| SB IDOU]D UD _!ID IBOlCBl
RBC!B UDB OB!D!C!CD DBS l!OBIBl OBl BIU!\BC\D, UD _lID UB V!DD BCDD~
BBOD DI UD DUBVD BDBS!S BD Bl CDD\BD!OD !D\BlBC\UB OB lB BIU!\BC~
\UIB. _UB BS lB BIU!\BC\UIB: IB_UD\BOB L\!BDDB~LDU!S DUllBB BD SU
OS0yD SDDtB B 0/IB, UD \BX\D BSCI!\D BlIBOBODI OB T.
`_0D0IB BCBSD C0lDlI\B CDD VI\IUVlD CDHD 0l BI0 D0 CDDSIUlf! ND. LSB
D0IDlClD CDD!l0VB UD 0IIDI 0IIIDlC. VIIUVlD CDDUDD0 0l 00CD CDD lB CBUSB.
MBy UC CDDC0OII BB DD0f DOIBf. U0SIDS IlH0IDS BDI0S DD CDDSIIUy0~
IDD SUS CBDBBS SlDD D0SUS D0 DBO0I CDDC0DIDD SU lHB@0D. LSB CI0BClD
U0 CDDSUy0 !B BIUl0CUIB 0S UDB IDDUCClD D0l 0SIlU.`'
!DBlBS OB S!_lD X||', DUllBB DD BIB Bl D!CD BIU!\BC\D UB CDDSlOBIB~
OB UB Bl O!SBD CDDSlS\B BD lB IDOUCC!CD OB UDB lDB_BD DBD\Bl. LD UD
DDDBD\D BD UB lB BIU!\BC\UIB !D\BD\BOB O!S\!D_U!ISB OB lB !D_BDlBIB,
SB OBOB IlDI!OBO B lB !DB_lDBC!CD SDOIB D\IBS CUBllOBOBS !D\BlBC\UB~
BS CDDD lB IBZCD UIB. LB lDDI\BDC!B UB SB OBOB B lB !DB_!DBC!CD,
ID\BIIB\BOB CDDD lB DBX!DB BCUl\BO CIBB\!VB OBl RDDOIB, BDB\lZBOB
lB O!DBDS!CD V!I\UBl OBl O!SBD BIU!\BC\CD!CD. !DUl\BDBBDBD\B, lDS BI~
U!\BC\DS BDBZBIDD B IBDCUBISB DI SU BBl SDC!Bl BD UD DUDOD BD
\IBDSDIDBC!CD. LDDD B!IDC BD DUDBIDSBS DCBSlDDBS NBDIBOD BUIl
BD SUS l!OIDS, BS\B IBDCUBC!CD O!D lU_BI B UDB DUBVB IBlBC!CD BD\IB Bl
IDyBC\D BIU!\BC\CD!CD y lB U\DB SDC!B," UDB IBlBC!CD UB B_BIB B SU
ClDBX CDD Bl DDV!D!BD\D DDOBIDD. BIB lDS DDOBIDDS, lB BIUl\BC\UIB
y B UIOBDlSDD BS\BOBD llBDDS OB UD D\BDC!Bl UB DD SClD IBDIDBIB lB
!DOUS\I!B OB lB CDDS\IUCC!CD, S!DD UB lOB B \IBDSDIDBI Bl DUDOD BD\B~
ID, DBOB BSCBBIB Bl DOBI B]BCU\!VD OB lB BIU!\BC\UIB y Bl UIOBDlSDD
DDOBIDDS.
BID\BDDB OB[BI OB BOD lB CUBS\!CD OBl OlSBD y VDlVBI Bl DIOBD y
lB IDDIC!CD. LUIBD\B Sl_lDS, BS\BS DDC!DDBS UBIDD S!DCDlDDS OB D\IB
O!DBDS!CD V!I\UB UB DBIBOB BD lB BIUl\BC\UIB. LD Bl DBICD OB BD~
SBD!BD\D UB IDDIC!DDBOB lB \IBO!ClCD Vl\IUV!BDB, Bl DIOBD y lB IDDI~
C!CD DD BIBD Bl_D BS\B\lCD, CDDD S! OB UD CDD[UD\D OB DDIDBS CDS!OBS Bl
BO!!C!D SB \IB\BIB. LX\BDO!BDODSB DBS BllB OB lDS ODDlD!DS OB lB BIU!~
1J
I0C\UIB, 0l DIC0D y lB IDDIClDD S0 0DCDDIIBOBD 0D 0l DCl0D C0l UDlV0I~
SD. Ll llDSDD y \0DlD@D IBDCBS C0l Sl@lD XVl' JBCU0S BDl@D0 DSSU0\
U0 DUy 0XlCl\D BC0ICB C0 0SB lDDI\BDClB CUBDCD BlIDBOB U0 lDS
DBOB CI0BCD 0l DUDCD CDIBDCDl0 C0 DIC0D y IDDIClDD. P UDB 0SCB!B
DBS DDC0S\B, 0l BIUl\0C\D I0IDCUCB C0 B!@D DDCD lBS BCClDD0S ClVl~
DBS, B UIlllZBI 0l DIC0D y lB IDDIClDD BIUlI0CIDDlCDS.
PUDU0 \IB\BCDS CDDD 0l C0 IBDDlS lDDC0l D LDBI\0S CPVll0I CBOBD
lDClCBCIDD0S SDOI0 lBS U0 C0OBD S0I lBS IDDIClDD0S CDII0C\BS C0 lB
BIUl\0CIUIB, 0! DIC0D y lB IDDICIDD DD DCBD 0DCBSUlBIS0 0D UD Dl~
CD ]U0@D C0 DIDUlBS' 0IBD VBIIBOl0S y DSCllB\DIlDS; C0 BD lB lDDI\BDCIB
U0 S0 D\DI@BOB B IDOl0DBS CDDD lB CDII0CClDD D\lCB. Ll DIC0D y lB
IDDIClDD S0 DBllBOBD 0D\I0 !BS VlI\UC0S C0 lB BIUI\0C\UIB. 0CIBD\0
SU USD, lB BIUl\0C\UIB 0XI0SBOB SU ClDBDlSDD, SU 0S0DClB Vl\B!.
LDDD DCUII0 CDD 0l DIC0D y lB IDDICDD, 0l 0S\B\US \IBClClDDBl C0l DI~
DBD0D\D \BDOlBD 0D0ZD B V0IS0 BD0DBZBCD DBClB 0 IDB! C0l Sl@lD XhI.
MBS\B 0D\DDC0S; 0l DIDBD0D\D DBOB SICD UDB 0XI0SIDD DBS C0 lB D\0D~
ClB U0 D0IB 0D lB BIUl\0C\UIB. LDD\IBIlBD0D\0 B DU0S\IB VlSlDD CDD
\0DDIBD0B, 0l DIDBD0D\D DD \0DB DlD@UDB CDDDD\BCIDD C0 @IB\UlCBC
0IB Bl@D U0 SUDBOB B lB CDDS\IUCClDD, U0 SUI@B C0 lB D0C0SlCBC, \B!
CDDD BlIDBOBD VlIIUVlD D PlO0I\l. @UB U0 0l DIC0D y lB IDDIClDD, 0l
DIDBD0D\D 0XI0SBOB lB I0@UlBIlCBC UDCBD0D\Bl C0l UDlV0ISD y, SDOI0
\DCD, SU 0CUDCICBC. LD @0D0IBl, 0l DIDBD0D\D CBOB 0 C0 lB CI0B\IVlCBC
y C0 lB O0ll0ZB C0l DIC0D CDSDlCD, C0l DISDD DDCD U0 lBS IU\BS y lBS
lDI0S U0 B D0DUCD lDl\BOB CBOBD 0 C0 lB 0l0@BDClB C0 lB DB\UIBl0ZB.
U I0CUCClDD B UDB BI\0 B@IBCBOl0 0ID I0SClDClOl0 C0l IDy0C\D 0IB
SlDDDlDD C0 UD 0DDOI0ClDl0D\D C0 lB I0BllCBC VlI\UBl lDD0I0D\0 B B
BIUl\0CIUIB.
LD 0l IDC0SD U0 l0VB B 0SB I0CUCCIDD y 0DDOI0ClDl0D\D, lIBD0Sl
DCUB UDB DSlClDD ClBV0. LD SU DOIB, 0l DIDBD0D\D yB 0S @IB\Ul\D 0D BI~
\0, 0ID SU IDll0IBClDD l0 0IDl\0 I0CDOIBI \BDOlBD BI\0 C0 SU BD\l@UB
lDDI\BDCIB. LDDD DD\lVD BlSlBCD; 0 DIDBD0D\D C0 lIBD0Sl S0IB Bl@D BI~
OIIIBID, 0ID 0D CDD]UD\D Sl@U0 I0SUl\BDCD 0S0DClB CDDD lDClCBCDI C0 UD
IDC0SD lDC0lDlCD C0 C0CDIBClDD.'" LBSI UD SI@lD C0SUBS C0 lIBD0Sl, D~
\IIl0C 0D0I 0XlDIB \BDOlBD 0S\B VB 0D SU DOIB \0DIlCB, CDDC0 0l lD~
UlSD DIDBD0D\B ]U0@B UD B0l UDCBD0D\Bl. 0SC0 0 I0]lCD 0l0D0D\Bl
1U
DBS\B 0l DBS IlCD ODICBCD, 0D0I DOS0lVD 0S0 lDUlSD C0 DIDB BC\lVB 0D
0 BI\0 C0 lB IDCUCClDD \0X\ll, U0 BSDCBOB Bl DII@0D C0 lB BIUl\0C\UIB.''
LIC0D, IDDIClDD, DIDBD0D\D, 0S\BS Vt\UC0S \IBClClDDBl0S C0 lB BlUl~
I0C\UIB S0 DBD VU0l\D DUCDD D0DDS DC0IDSBS C0SC0 0l C0ClV0 C0 lB \IBCl~
ClDD Vl\IUVlBDB U0 BIIBDCB B lDBl0S C0l Sl@lD X||. LD lDS CDS l\DDS SI@lDS
DBD BBI0ClCD D\IBS \IBClCIDD0S U0 DBD BCUIIICD DByDI U0IZB BD.
LB 0S\IUC\UIB S0 0DCU0D\IB 0D\I0 0SBS \IBClClDD0S. 0 DBllD\0II0\B
B 0S\IUC\UIB CUBDCD S0 lB CDDSIC0IB CDDD UDB DI@BDlZBClDD UIBD0D\0
0S\B\lCB. LDS 0SCIl\DS C0 VlDll0\~l0UC D PU@US\0 LDDlSy U0C0D ByU
CBIDDS B CDII0@lI 0SB lD\0II0\BCIDD. BIB 0SIDS C00DSDI0S C0l IBClDDB~
ltSDD 0S\IUC\UIBl C0ClDDDDDlCD, lB 0S\IUC\UIB 0IB lB CDDS0CU0DClB C0 UD
IlDCIlD UDCBD0D\Bl, UD D0ClD C0 IDCUCClDD DBS U0 UD IDCUC\D.'*
LD SUS LDDv0IS0ClD00S SDDl0 0 0IQUlBClUI0,'* VlDll0\l0UC 0XllCBOB,
DI 0]0DlD, U0 lB 0S\IUC\UIB 0IB, B SUS D]DS, 0l I0SUl\BCD C0 UDB \0DSlDD
@0D0IB\IlZ 0D\I0 lBS D0C0SlCBC0S SDCBl0S y lB CUl\UIB \0CDDlD@lCB C0 UDB
0IB. 0@D Bl, lB 0S\IUC\UIB I0SUl\BD\0 Sl0DI0 ll0VBOB lB S0DBl C0 0SB
\0DSlDD UDCBD0D\Bl.
L\IB DIDB C0 0D\0DC0I lB DB\UlBl0ZB ClDBDlCB C0 lB 0S\IUC\UIB 0S
I0S\BI B\0DClDD Bl D0CDD C0 U0 DUDCB `V0DDS I0BlD0D\0 UDB 0S\IUC~
\UIB, 0D UD S0DIICD CDIIl0D\0. DlD 0IClOlDDS SUS I0SUl\BCDS, UD 0DSBD~
OlB]0 C0 BII0S y DB\0IlBl0S. LB 0S\IUC\UIB 0S lD U0 DBC0 DSlOl0 0S0
0DSBDOlB]0. LB 0S\IUC\UIB 0S UD D\0DCIBl.
P IIDCllDS C0l Sl@lD X 0l CBIBC\0I ClDBDlCD C0 lB 0S\IUC\UIB S0 VlD
I0BlZBCD DI lB BBIlClDD CB DDIB B CIBClHlBlD g l0 DIH0 CB PICy W.
JhDDSDD,' UD lDDI\BD\0 llOID U0 0]0IClD SU lDlU0DClB SDOI0 @0D0IB~
ClDD0S C0 BIUl\0C\DS 0 lD@0Dl0IDS 0D Bl, lB 0S\IUC\UIB S0 VlDCUlBOB Bl
IDC0SD C0 CI0ClDl0D\D y C0SBIIDlD, C0 DDCD U0 SU CBlBC\0I VlI\UBl S0
VlD I0DIZBCD. LDD JDDDSDD DD DDS 0DCDD\IBDDS \BD l0]DS C0 DU0S\IB
lC0B CDDI0DDIBD0B C0 ID@IBDB lB 0S\IUC\UIB BSB B CDDV0I\IS0 0D
SIDDDlDD C0 ID@IBDB.
LS\0 OI0V0 I0BSD B lBS ClD0DSlDD0S VlI\UBl0S U0 UDClDDBD 0D lB
BIUl\0C\UIB 0S\BIB DCDDl0\D SlD UDB D0DClDD Bl 0SBClD, Bl 0SBClD
BIUI\0C\DDICD \Bl CDDD U0 C0lDlCD DI lDS DDC0IDDS. Ll 0SBClD BIUl~
\0C\DDlCD DD 0IB Dl 0l 0SBClD @0DDB\IlCD CBI\0SlBDD Dl 0l C0 lB 0IC0ClDD
S0DSDIlBl. 0l IlD0ID 0IB C0DBSlBCD BOS\IBC\D y 0l S0@UDCD C0DBSBCD
1
CDDCIB\D. Ll BSBClD @BDD0\IlCD DD \BDlB BD CUBD\B BDDDBDDS CDDD lB
BSCBlB DUDBDB D lB BICBClDD OB lB lUZ y lB \BX\UIB. Ll BSBClD CDDD
BICBCIDD SBDSDIlBl BIB OBDBSlBOD IlCD y CDDlB]D CDDD BIB BIDl\lI
DlD@D \lD OB OlSBHD. LB DBXlDB BDOlClDD OB lB BIUl\BC\UIB DDOBIDB
BIB BDCDD\IBI UD BUIllOIlD BD\IB BSBS ODS CDDCBClDDBS BX\IBDBS OB
BSBCID BIB BS\lDUlBI \BD\D Bl BDSBDlBD\D CDDD B SBDSBClDD.
LB lDDI\BDClB UB DS DDOBIDDS D\DI@BOBD B lB DDVllOBO y B SUS
lCDDDS, CDDD Bl BU\DDDVll, !DIDBOB BI\B OB BSB BDOlClDD @BDBIBl. P
SUS D]DS, B DDVlllOBO BBIBClB IBClSBDBD\B BD lB lD\BISBCClDD BD\IB
lD BOS\IBC\D y lD CDDCIB\D, BD\IB lB DBOlOB @BDD0\IICB y B BXBIIBDClB
SBDSDIlB. LB BDDSB OBlDlCIDD OB LB LDIOUSlBI OB lB BIUI\BC\UIB CDDD
DBUlDB BIB IDOUClI SBDSBClDDBS BIB \B VBZ lB DB]DI BXIBSIDD OB lB
\BDSlDD @BDBIB\IlZ BD\IB Il@DI y BDDClDD UB OlD lU@BI Bl DBCIDlBD\D OB
BSBClD BIUl\BC\DDICD.'
Pl l@UB UB D\IBS OlDBDSlDDBS ClBVBS OB lB BIUl\BC\UIB, Bl BSBClD
DD BIB UDB CDSB, SlDD UD DBIBODI UB BIDl\lB UDB DSCIlBClDD CDDS\BD\B
BD\IB lD BOS\IBC\D y lD \BD@lOlB, BD\IB lD DDVl y lD IDDDVll. JBl DSCllBClDD
BIDl\lB Bl BIUl\BC\D OlSBHBI BDOIBD\BS UB IBSUl\BOBD B lB VBZ BSB~
ClICDS B lDOUlODS OB SI@DllCBOD UDIVBISB, BD D\IBS BlBOIBS, BIDl\lB B
lDS BIUl\BC\DS IBCDDCIllBI lU@BI y BSBClD.
Ll OlSBHD, Bl DIOBD, B IDDIClDD, Bl DIDBDBD\D, B BS\IUC\UIB y Bl BSB~
ClD =lDS D\BDCIBBS OB lB BIUI\BC\UIB UB DBDDS IBBSBOD UBOBD
ByUOBIDDS B BD\BDOBI Bl UBI\B CDD\BDlOD VlI\UBl OBl DBOID. LB BIUl\BC~
\UIB DD BS Bl@D BS\BOlB. PBIBCB B \IBV0S OB UDB SBIIB OB D\BDClBBS D
\BDSIDDBS IDOUC\lVBS. L OlSBHD, Bl DIOBD y lB IDDICIDD, Bl DIDBDBD\D,
lB BS\IUC\UIB y Bl BSBClD SB BDCUBD\IBD BD\IB BSBS \BDSIDDBS D D\BD~
ClBlBS UB DBD DBCDD y CDD\IDBD BClBDOD DS!O\B lB DOIB OB BIUl\BC~
\UIB y, SDOIB \DOD, lB BXIBSlDD BIUl\BC\DDlCB.
L0 VlIU8 C0R0 UDB RB\IlZ OB lDI0C8RDl0
LlB@BODS B BS\B UD\D, BIDl\BDDB VDlVBI B IDOlBDB @BDBIBl OB lBS
IBlBClDDBS BD\IB BIUI\BC\UIB y ClBDClB. LDDD lB BIUl\BC\UIB, B CIBDClB
SB BDCUBD\IB IDIB@DBOB OB lD VlI\UB. B DBCDD, lB ClBDClB DD UBOB IB~
T
OUClISB DI B UD CDD]UD\D OB IBSUl\BODS \BDIlCDS Dl B UDB CDlBCClDD OB OB~
\DS BXBIIDBD\BlBS. LD SU OBSBIIDllD, lB ClBDClB BBIBCB CDDD lB \BDSlDD
IDOUC\lVB BD\IB \BDIB y BXBIlDBD\D D, DI OBClIlD CDD D\IBS BlBOIBS,
BD\IB Bl CDDDClDlBD\D BOS\IBC\D y lB IBC\lCB. LDS BS\UOlDS ClBD\llCDS
DBD DDS\IBOD OB UDB DBDBIB CDDVlDCBD\B UB lB ClBDClB DD UBOB BSl~
DllBISB Bl CDDDCIDlBD\D UID,'" Dl \BDDCD BS BOBCUBOD CDDSlOBIBI SDlD
SU lBOD IBC\lCD. LD\BDOlOB CDDD UDB OlDBDlCB, lB ClBDClB BBIBCB CDDD
B\ D\BDClBl, lB \BDSIDD D Bl llB@UB UB IBlBClDDB BDODS \0IDlDDS.
LB OIDBDSlDD VlI\UB\ UB UDClDDB \BD\D BD lB BIUl\BC\UIB CDDD BD
\B ClBDClB UBOB DUy OlBD BXlICBI lB CDDS\BD\B ClICU\BClDD OB IDB@B~
DBS y DB\BDIBS BD\IB BDODS CBDDS. BOBIlB SBHBlBISB, OB BSD, UB
BSB ClICUlBClDD DD BS BD DDOD Bl@UDD UDlOlIBCClDDBl. P lD lBI@D OB SU
DlS\DIlB, lB ClBDClB DB DBCDD UD USD IBB\IOD OB DDCIDDBS BIUl\BC\DDl~
CBS. DI B]BDlD, BD SU OSUBOB OB lBS IB@UlBIlOBOBS OBl UDlVBISD, lDS
ClBD\llCDS OB lDS Sl@lDS X| y XH SB IBlBIBD CDD IBCUBDClB B lDS IlDCl~
IDS BIUl\BC\DDlCDS OB DIOBD y IDDIClDD. B\BI BllSDD DB DDS\IBOD
CDDD lB ClBDClB BlBDBDB OB IlDCllDS OBl Sl@lD X BS\BOB DOSBSlDDBOB
CDD lB DDCIDD OB uD0u, UDB DDClDD ClBIBDBD\B lDOUlOB OB Sl@DllCBOD
BIUl\BC\DDlCD.'
BSOB Bl DIOBD y lB IDDICIDD DBS\B Bl BSBClD, lBS OlVBISBS BXIB~
SlDDBS OB lB OlDBDSlDD VlI\UBl UB DBIB BD lB BIUl\BC\UIB BIBCBD HB~
OBI ]U@BOD UD BBl IlDClBl BD BSB IBCUISD B lBS lDB@BDBS y DB\BDIBS
ClBD\llCBS. B OBDDS\ID UB BS\BS BXIBSlDDBS \BDBD DUCDB DBS ID~
lUBDClB Bl BS\BI VlDCUlBOBS B lDS\IUDBD\DS y DBIBClDDBS CDDBI\lOBS
DI BIUl\BC\DS y ClBD\llCDS. LDDD SB DB SBHBlBOD BD\BS, OBSOB Bl IBDB~
ClDlBD\D y DBS\B lDBlBS OBl Sl@lD Kh lB IBBIBDClB OB lDS BIUl\BC\DS B\
DIOBD y B IDDIClDD BS\BOB UDlOB Bl USD OB CDDS\IUCClDDBS @BDD0\Il~
CBS y \0CDlCBS OB CDD\IDl UB \BDOl0D U\lllZBOBD lDS ClBD\lCDS, OB BH
lB CBBClOBO OBl DIOBD y lB IDDIClDD OB IDDIClDDBI UDB OBSB BIB
lD\BICBDOlDS CDDVlDCBD\BS BD\IB BDODS BDOl\DS.
POBDBS, BS\BS BXIBSlDDBS BIBD lDSBBIBOlBS OB UDB DIDBllZBClDD
CUl\UIBl OB lDS SBD\lODS, BD BSBClBl OB lB VlSlDD. JBl IBlBClDD BS BVlOBD\B
BD Bl CBSD OBl DIOBD y OB lB IDDIClDD, UB IBSUDDlBD UDB BOUCBClDD
BSBCllCB OBl D]D. BID \BDOl0D BS ClBI\B BD Bl CBSD OB lB BS\IUC\UIB
Bl BSBClD. PUDUB DD VBBDDS IBBlDBD\B lB BS\IUC\UIB, lB BIClOlDDS
11
_IBC!BS B lB CDDD!DBC!DD CB !DIU!C!DD V!SUBl y DUSCUlBI. Ll !D_BD!BID BS~
BRDl LCUBICD JDIID]B IBDB BSB CDDD!DBC!DD BD DBDIB CUBDCD B!IDBDB
UB Bl C!SBRD BSIIUCIUIBl DBCBS!IBDB UDB CDDIBDS!DD `VBIIBDIBl` CB lDS
I!DC!!DS DBCBD!CDS CBl BUIl!DI!D IDIBIDD.' LSIB I!D CB CDDIBDS!DD
=CDDDIDBI Bl DCBI CB BIBC!BC!DD CBl D]D CDD lBS SBDSBC!DDBS S!CBS
CB BU!lIDI!D=BS UDB CDDSIIUCC!DD CUlIUIBl.
P IIBVS CB BSIB I!D CB CDDSIIUCC!DD SBDSDI!Bl, lB BIU!IBCIUIB, CDDD
lB CIBDC!B y lB IBCDDlD_B, CDDII!DUyB B |BS CB!D!CIDDBS IBSBCI!VBS CBl
DDDDIB y SU BDIDIDD DD DUDBDD, B BSIIUCIUIBI SU IDIBIBZ. LDDD ID
CUCC!DD CUlIUIBl, lB BIU!IBCIUIB BS DBS UB UDB S!DlB CDDD!DBC!DD
CB SDl!CBZ, CDDDC!CBC y DBlBZB, IIBIB IBDID CB lD UB Bl DDDDIB BS
CDDD CB lD UB DD BS, CB lBS IBlBC!DDBS BDIIB Bl SU]BID y SU BDIDIDD.
LDDD DB SBRBlBCD NBlSDD DDCDBD, lB BIUlIBCIUIB, CDDD lB CIBDC!B,
IIBIB CB lB DBDBIB BD UB `CDDSIIU!DDS` BlBDIBS, BlBDIBS DDlBCBS
CB DD]BIDS y SU]BIDS, CUyB CB!D!C!DD V!BDB S!BDIB CBIBID!DBCB D!SID~
I!CBDBDIB.'"
LD lB BCIUBl!CBC lDS DICBDBCDIBS SDD S!DIDDBIICDS CB UD IDUDCD
CBDDID BD CDDD CIBBDDS DUDCDS. LB _BDBIBl!ZBC!DD CB !CBBS CDDD ID~
DIDBCIDD, CDC!_D y ID_IBDB BBCIB IBDID B CDDD CDDSIIU!DDS Bl SU]BID
CDDD B lB !DIBIIBIBC!DD UB CBDDS B SU BDIDIDD. LDIIB BDDDS BXIIB~
DDS lB SDCIBCBC IBDD!D BSIB CBDD!BDCD. V!VDDS BD UD DUBVD I!D CB
SDC!BCBC, UDB SDCIBCBC DBSBCB BD lB !DDIDBC!DD, lB DBSB CBl IDCBSD
CB _lDDBl!ZBC!DD UB BXBI!DBDIBDDS. NUCDDS CB lDS SDCIDlD_DS B DIS~
IDI!BCDIBS BCIUBlBS SB IDCl!DBD B BDSBI UB BSIB SDC!BCBC IBCBCID B
lB IDVBDC!DD CBl DICBDBCDI. BB D DD SBB VBICBC, UDB CDSB BS SB_UIB` lB
DSBSIDD CB !DDIDBC!DD, CDDD lB CB UDB CBIIBIB CB DS!DlBS Cl!BDIBS, SB
DB DBCDD DBS V!IBl UB lB DSBS!DD CB D!BDBS S!CDS.
gLDDD UBCB lB BIU!IBCIUIB SBlII !lBSB CB UD CDDIBXID BS! BIB lDS
DUDBIDSDS CII!CDS UB IBIBDCBD CBSIBC!BI Bl !DBCID CBl DICBDBCDI
BD lB BIU!IBCIUIB, CBDB BSIB IBSUBSIB. Bl DICBDBCDI BS SDlD lB UDIB CBl
!CBDBI_. ND BS UB Bl DICBDBCDI BD S DByB CBDD!BCD B lB BIU!IBCIUIB,
S!DD UB, CBD!CD B lB IIBDSDIDBC!DD CB lB DBIUIBlBZB y lB SDC!BCBC, lB
BIU!IBCIUIB SB BDIBDIB B DUBVDS IBIDS. U USD !DIBDS!VD CB DBIBDIBS
C!BDI!CBS BBIBCB CDDD CDDSBCUBDCIB CB IBl S!IUBCIDD.

UDB DU0VB lBBl!CBC VMUBl

BIB lB BIU!IBCIUIB, lB IBBl!CBC V!lIUBl IBD B DBDUCD !DVDCBCB DDy BD
CB CDIIBSDDCB B lB BBI!C!DD CB UDB DUBVB C!DBDS!DD V!IIUBl. BIB BD
IBDCBI SUS lBS_DS DBS CBSIBCBCDS, BUBllDS UB BXl!CBD BDl!BDBDIB
lBS CDDBX!DDBS CDD lB C!BDC!B y UB IB!V!DC!CBD lDS BIU!IBCIDS CDDIBD~
DIBDBDS, CBDB IBSIBISB BIBDC!DD B SUS DI_BDBS D!SIDI!CDS.
LDS DI_BDBS CB lB IBBl!CBC DBSBCB BD Bl DlCBDBCDI UBCBD S!IUBISB
BD Bl !DBl CB lB UBIIB NUDCIBl y BD Bl CBSBIIDllD CB lB _UBIIB IB. DI
BDIDDCBS BBIBC!D UD BSBC!D DUBVD, UD BSBC!D CB BDDDBDDS UB SDlD
DCBD V!SUBl!ZBISB B I!BVS CBl USD CB BDIBllBS, DBBS y C!B_IBDBS. LS~
IDS BDDDBDDS DCBD SBI CBS! CUBlU!BI CDSB` BIBUBS CB DDDDBICBIDS
B]IC!IDS, Bl BSIBCD CB lDS SUD!D!SIIDS D!l!IBIBS D lBS IBDCBDC!BS BCD~
DDD!CBS. P VBCBS BIBD `IBBlBS y B VBCBS DBIBS D!DIBS!S. B BSIUC!BDBD
UI!l!ZBDCD IBCBIBS, DBBS BSIIBI_!CDS y CBfIBS CB DBVB_BC!DD BD lU_BlBS
CDDD SBlBS CB CDDIIDl D CBl LSIBCD NByDI. Pl BSIIBIB_B lB !DDlIBDBD lDS
BCDDIBC!D!BDIDS y BSCBDBI!DS, UBIBD IBBlBS D S!DlBDBDIB DS!DlBS.
D CUCB DBDB Bl_D C0 BIBCD[!CD BD lB !DDlIBDC!B UB SB CBDB B
lDS BCDDIBC!D!BDIDS y lDS BSCBDBllDS CUyB IBBl!CBC BIB !DIBCBC!DlB, Bl
DUBVD BSBC!D BSIIBI_!CD CB lB _UBIIB IB BlB, BD _IBD DBC!CB, Bl IBSUl~
IBCD CB UD CBlCUlD. BSCB BD lD IBlBI!VD B |B IBVlS!DD CB DBICBCDS !
DBDC!BIDS DBSIB BD lD IDCBDIB B lB CB !DIBDC!DD CB VDID, DDS DBDDS BCDS~
IUDDIBCD IBDID B BSB BXIIBRB CDBX!SIBDC!B CB CBlCUlD B !DCBII!CUDDIB
UB yB DD lB IBSIBDDS BIBDCIDD. LSD DD !D!CB, DD DDSIBDIB, UB lB
BIBCD[B DByB CBSBBIBC!CD.
M!SIDI!BCDIBS CDDD BUl N. LCWBICS DBD DDSIIBCD CDDD C!CDD CDDIBXID
CD DIDB Bl DSIBI!DI CBSBIIDllD CBl DICBDBCDI y B lB BBl!C!DD CBl C!DBIBS~
BCD.*" BSCB SU !D!ClD, BIU!IBCIDS y C!SBRBCDIBS S0 S!DI!BIDD !II!_BCD
DI lB IBBl!CBC V!IIUBl y, B lB V0Z, BIBD CDDSClBDIBS CB SUS CDDDDIBIDDBS |~
l!IBIBS. LD UD BIICUlD BSClBlBCBCDI, NBIK W!_lBy DB DDSIIBCD lB mlUBDCIB
CB lB IBBl!CBC V!IIUBl BD H!CDBIC UCKD!DSIBI UllBI y SU IDUBSIB WDIlC
BDB BIB UDB S!DUlBC!DD _lDDBl !DS!IBCB ClBlBDBDIB BD lDS I!DC!!DS
ClBVB CBl LSIBCD NByDI, BS CDDD BD lBS DUBVBS BISBCI!VBS BDlBfIBS DI
lBS CBlCUlBCDIBS BlBCIIDD!CBS.'' PCDIBCDS DI lB NBSB, BSDS I!DC!!DS SB
DBlBD IBDD!D IBSBDIBS BD lDS IDyBCIDS IBDI!CDS CB PICD!_IBD.**

PUDUB lBS CDDDD\BClDDBS Dlll\BIBS SB DByBD DBCDD DBDDS BVl~

OBD\BS DDy BD OB, B OlDBDSlDD VlI\UBl UB Bl DIOBDBODI CDD\IlOUyB B
IDOUClICDD\lBDB B!_D OBSUSIBS_DS DIl_lDBlBS,CDDDlB IBBDlDBDClB
OB BCDD\BClDIBD\DS y BSCBDBIIDS SDOIB lBS BD\lOBOBS BS\B\lCBS. BS~
OB UD UD\D OB VlS\B BIUl\BC\DDICD, lB IlDClBl CDDSBCUBDClB OB BS\B
IBBDlDBDCIB BS lB OBSBS\BOIllZBClDD OB lB DIDB, UDB OBSBS\BOllIZB~
ClDD \BD\D DBS BIBOD]lCB UBS SDD lBS DBIBClDDBS OB! OlSBDBODI y
lDS CBlCUlDS OB DIOBDBODI D UB, OB DBDBIB SIDUl\BDBB y Il_UIDSB,
OBlDBD B DIDB.
LB DIDB BIUl\BC\DDlCB SDlB BBIBCBI CDDD Bl IBSU!\BOD IDBl OB UD
IDCBSD OBlDVBS\l_BClDD. UOBl!BZB BIB BOBllBZBOBllDBl,OBlUD\DOB
BUll!OIlD. P DBDUOD Bl BUlllOID BIB OIDBDlCD, BIDSB BSBIBOB UBlB
DIDB ODDlDBIB Bl DDVlDlBD\D,DD UB lD BDCBSUlBSB. LB OB!lBZB OB B
BIUl\BC\UIB DOIB SBI OB Bl_D DDOD BDBlD_B B! lBCBI OBIlVBOD OB
BSBC\BCUlD OB UDB OBDZB D OB UD !UIOD. lD BDOBI_D,lD UB SB DBCB
VISlOlBB\IBV0SOBlDBOlDBIUI\BC\DDlCDBIB lBBS\IUC\UIBSUOyBCBD\BB
lBOBDZBDBllUlOD,lBCDIBD_IBBDlBDBCBDlCB.
UDB DIDB BIUl\BC\DDlCB _BDBIBOB DI DIOBDBODI yB DD UBOB IB
\BDOBIlD_IBI BS\BBS\B\US. PUDUB Bl BU\DI lB BIBZCB lB CDDI_UIBClDD
DBS SB\lSBC\DIlB,Sl_UB SlBDOD BlIBSUl\BODOBUD BIDD BIOl\IBIlDBD Bl
IDlDl\D IDCBSD OB \IBDSDIDBClDD _BDD0\IlCB, Bl \lD OB IDCBSD UB
IB_LyDDOBDDDIDB`BDIDBClDD`.' LBDIDBBIUl\BC\DDlCBSBCDDVlBI\B
BDB_D BIBClOD B UDB SBCCIDD\IBDSVBISBlOB UD lU]D _BDD0\I!CD CDD~
\lDUD. NlBD\IBS UB lBCDDOlCIDD\IBOlClDDBl OB lB DIDB BIUl\BC\DDICB
SU_BIB UDB CDDBIBClDD CDD Bl CUBID DUDBDD, SU DUBVB CDDOlClDD lB
IBDl\BBB!_DDBSCBICBDD BlBlDS\BD\BDBBDBl VIOBD_IBDB.
PBI\lI OB BS\B S!\UBClDDSUI_BDDUBVDS IDOlBDBS,DI OBSCDD\BOD,
BBIBCB UD IDOlBDB OB BS\0\lCB. _LDDD VBDDS B UZ_BI lB OBlBZB OB
lDS D0D$ y OBDBS CIlB\UIBS UB BBIBCBD BD DUBS\IBS BD\BllBS OB DI~
OBDBODI DClUSD BDBlCBSDOB UBlDSIDyBC\DS VByBD BIBBllZBISBBDBl
DUDODSICD, lDClUSD Sl SB CDDS\IUyBDIBBDBD\B, Bl IDOlBDB Sl_UB BD.
BI\BOBlIDOlBDBBS\Bll_BODBUDBSBDSBClDDOBBIOl\IBIlBOBO._DI
U0 DBOB\BDIOD B!OlSBDBODIBl IDCBSD OB \IBDSDIDBClDD _BDD0\IlCB
BD UD DDDBD\D y DD BD D\ID LBSjUS\llCBClDDBS DD SDD SlBDIB DBDl~
lBS\BSOBSOBBUD\DOB VlS\BVlSUBl.

LUBDODSB OB\lBDBBlIDCBSD,lBDIDBBIUl\BC\DDlCBSBCDDVlBI\BBD
Bl_D BIBClOD B UD BCDD\BClDlBD\D, BUDUB Bl OlSBDD BS CBOB VBZ DBS
CDDBIBOlB BlBCIBBClDDOB UD BSCBDBIlD. LBDIDBBIUl\BC\DDlCBBB~
IBCB ll\BIBlDBD\B BD lB BD\BllB, DlBD\IBS UB SU IDOUCClDD OB BIB
DB\IDS CUlOBODSBDBD\B SBlBCClDDBODS SB BIBCB DBS B lBOlSDSlClDD
OBUDSDlBI. LBSlDlll\UOBD\IBDIDBy BCDD\BClDlBD\DBSIDOBOlBDBD\B
UDD OB lDS BBC\DS DBS IDDI\BD\BSUB lDS DIOBDBODIBS DBD\BDlOD BD
B BIUI\BC\UIB. BSOBBl Ol\ BlBDBD\BDBS\BlB\IBDSDIDBClDD _BDD0~
\IICBUBSBDBCBVlSlOlBBDBD\BllB,lDSDIOBDBODIBSSDDDBUlDBSUB
IDOUCBDSBCUBDClBSOB BCDD\BClDIBD\DS. BIDBSBIBlBClDDBD\IBlBBI~
Ul\BC\UIBy BlDIOBDBODI\lBDBSUSIB\CBSBDBl_DDBSIDUDOD, BDCDD
CIB\D BD Bl DBCDD OB UB lBlDDIDBClDDDD BS DBSUB UDB IDOUCClDD
OBBCDD\BClDlBD\DS. LS\B DBCDDSB BClBIDyBBD 14, BD lB\BDIBDB\B
DB\ICBOBlBCDDUDlCBClDDOB LlBUOB DBDDDD, \BDIBUB]U_D UDBBl
UDOBDBD\Bl BD lB CDDS\IUCClDD OB lBlOBBDDOBIDBOB lDDIDBCIDD. B
DBCDD, BIB DBDDDD lB lDJDIDBClDD BS\BOB VDCUlBOB Bl IDO!BDB OB
!BSBlBCClDD OB UDDBDSB]B OBOD BD\IBUDBSBIlB OBDBDSB]BSDSlOlBS.
BlBCClDD, BlBCClDD. lB lOBB OB lDDIDBClDD \lBDB OBlDl\lVBDBD\B Bl_D
UB VBICDD lBIDOUCClDDOB BCDD\BClDlBD\DS.'" BSOB Bl Ol\BlBDBD\Bl
DBS\BlBOBlDlClDDOBlBDIDBlDBlOBlIDyBC\D,SBlBCClDDy BlBCClDDSl~
_UBDSlBDODlDS\BDBSUDOBDBD\BlBSOB DUBS\IDDUDODBIUl\BC\DDlCD
lDDIDB\lZBOD.
LB BSClDBClDD UB BjBICBD lBS DB\BDIBS ClBD\lCBS BD \BD\DS BI~
Ul\BC\DSCDD\BDDIBDBDSBS IDOBOlBDBD\B UDBCDDSBCUBDClBOBBSB
DUBVBCDDOlClDDOBlB DIDBBIUl\BC\DDlCB.txllCB, BDBI\lCUlBI,BllD~
\BI0S UB SUSCl\BDlDSSlS\BDBSOlDBDlCDSDD llDBBlBS UB DBDlDVBOlOD
CBDDS BD\BIDS OB lB lDVBS\l_BClDD ClBD\lCB. LDS l\lDDS SlS\BDBS SB
OBSCIlOBDCDDIBCUBDClBCDDDCBD\lCDS.LBB\DDSBIByBlCllDBSDDB~
IBOI_DB\lCDS OB BSB DB\UIBlBZB CBD\lCB.'" ND UBOB IBOBCIISB lD UB
DCUIIB BD BSDS SlS\BDBS, OBOB SU _IBD SBDSlOlllOBO B lBS CDDOlClDDBS
lDlClBlBS. _UlBIB BSD OBClI UB lB jUS\llCBClDD lDBl OB lB DIDB BIUl~
\BC\DDlCBBSUBSlDlBDBD\BDCUIIB,CDDD lBllUVlB
MBS\B BDDIB, UDBOBlBS UDClDDBS OBlB IBBllOBO VlI\UBl BIB BDClBI lB
IDOUCClDD BIUl\BC\DDlCB B Bl_D \lD OB DBCBSlOBO. Ll OlSBHD BISl~
DDDlDD OB lB OSUBOBOB lB DIDB DBCBSBIlB. Ll DIOBD y lB IDDICIDD,
Tb
lB BSIIUCIUIB y, SDDIB IDOD, Bl BSBC!D, SB SUDDB UB BIBD BSBDCIBlBS
y, DI IBDID, VBD!BD OBIBID!DBODS DI UDB DBCBS!OBO !DIBIDB. UDD OB
lDS IBS@S DBS OBSCDDCBIIBDIBS OB lB IBBl!OBO VIIIUB BS UB BIBCB !I
BCCDBDBOB OB UD DByDI @IBOD OB !DCBII!OUDDIB, BD DIIBS BlBDIBS,
DBOB UBOB @BIBDI!ZBI Bl O!SBDBODI UB SU IDyBCID SBB Bl IBSUlIBOD OB
lB DB]DI BlBCC!D DS!DlB.
LB BSC!DBCID IBC!BDIB DI lDS OIB@IBDBS UDB BSC!DBC!D BDIB!ZB~
B

IBDD!0D BD lB DDSBIVBC!D OB IBCI!CBS CIBDIICBS y BD UD IDIBDID OB

| |IBI

Bl@UDDS IBS@DS OB lB CIBDC!B= DOI!B DUy DIBD IDVBD!I OB BSB

S!IU

BC!D OB !DCBII!OUDDIB y OUOB BD lB UB Bl O!B@IBDB BCIUBIB CDDD

DSIDB BDIODID.'"
PBIIB OB SUS DSIDlBS ]USI!!CBC!DDBS IlDS!CBS, IDDBOBS IBSIBOBS
OB BDSBODIBS CDDD N!CDBl DUCBUlI y !llBS BlBUZB, UDD OB lDS DByD~
BS IDIBIBSBS OB B BIDX!DBC!D O!B@IBDBI!CB BS IBCIBBI lB DBCBS!OBO
hIBIDB BD Bl IDCBSD OB OISBDD. B@D SUS OBBDSDIBS, DS O!B@IBDBS
BBBeBa CDDD UDB DBU!DB BDSIIBCIB D UD ID@IBDB CUyD OBSl!B@UB
BS SHDD!DD OB UD DUBVD I!@DI.

DI B]BDle, lDS ODS D!BDDIDS OB IUO!D, BD VBD BIKBl y LBID~
lHB DS, IBlBC!DDBD Bl USD OB O!B@IBDBS CDD lD UB BllDS IBDBD Bl `ID~
yBCID IDUDOD.'' LD Bl@UDDS OB SUS IDyBCIDS, CDDD BD lB BSIBC!D OB
IDaD, BUDIBD B BSB IDUDO!OBO IDIB@IBDOD Bl DByDI DDBID OB OBIDS
3DS!DlBS. DI SUUBSID, lDS OBIDS I0CD!CDS y UDCIDDBlBS OBDBD IBDBISB
CUBDIB, BID lD UB SB BIS@UB BS CDDIIDlBI IBDD!0D DIIDS BCIDIBS
JB CIOBa BCDDD!CD B !DClUSD DlIICD. BSOB BSIB BISBCI!VB, CDD Bl
1SD OB OIB@IBDBS SB IBIBDOB BVIIBI CUBlU!BI !OBB IBCDDCBD!OB OB lD
|Ue OBDBD SBI lB BIU!IBCIUIB y B UIDBD!SDD, BS CDDD OBSCBIIBI CUB~
|UIB IBCUIsD IBDBIUID B lB DIDB. B SUDDB UB Bl O!SBDD UIDBDD y
lUIIBCID!C

D OBDB SBI @BDBIBOD B IIBV0S OBl BDBl!S!S UB BCll!IBD lDS

l!B@IBDBS. H BDDBI@D, B BDBl!S!S I!@UIDSD DD BS lB D!CB OIDBDS!D
jUB Se DDV!l!ZB, UBS IBDD!0D SB SUDDB UB lDS O!B@IBDBS I!BDBD lB
BBC!OBO OB BDCBSUlBI UD O!DBD!SDD BSBC!CD BD lB !DIBISBCC!D
lB I!IDDS SDeIBlBS y SU IIBOUCC!D ID@IBDBI!CB. BIB VBD BIKB y DS,
DIBDOBI CIBDIBI BSIB O!DBD!SDD DBC!B lB !DBl!ZBC!D OBl IDyBCID BS
1UCD DBS |DDIIBDIB UB D!D@UDB IBCBIB DIDBl. L BSIUO!D NVHV
BIS!@UB UD DD]BIIVD S!D!IBI CDD SUS OBDDD!DBODS D00SC0BS |B!SB]BS

OB OBIDS). B SUDDB UB lBS DBO!ClDDBS y lBS BSIBOSIlCBS OBD !B B lB

BBI!C!D OB UDB DIDB l!D!B OB IB]U!C!DS, OBl D!SDD DDOD UB lBS
lByBS C!BDI!CBS SUI@BD OB UDB BCUDUlBC!D OB OBIDS BXBI!DBDIBlBS.'
MBy UDB C!BITB !D@BDU!OBO lDlC!IB BD BSIB DSUBOB OB DD]BI!V!OBO.
LDS BSIUO!DS C!BDIlCDS DUBSIIBD UB BD lB ID!B C!BDC!B lDS IBSUlIBODS
S!BDIB SDD DBS `CDDSIIU!ODS UB lB DBIB CDDSBCUBDClB l@!CB OB DB~
CDDS DDSBIVBODS. BID \B !D@BDUlOBO BS SlD BIC!Bl, UBS BD Bl USD OB
OIB@IBDBS DBy Bl@D DBS BD jUB@D UB Bl S!DlB OBSBD OB !D!IBI IDCBSDS
CIBDI!!CDS.
POBDBS OB BSDS IDCBSDS, BS I0CD!CBS OB DBIKBI!D@ SDD IBDDl0D UDB
IBBIBDC!B. Ll DD]BI!VD BS OBI DIDB Bl IDyBCID IBl y CDDD SB OB!DBD,
IDOUCBD y CDDBIC!Bl!ZBD IDOUCIDS y SBIV!CIDS. DB JBD!lCBC!D ID~
UDOB CDD D00SC0BS IBIV!DO!CB UD IDUDOD BCUBIOD CDD lBS UBIZBS
OB DBICBOD, UDB IB!V!DO!CBC!D UB SB DB @BDBIBl!ZBOD DBSIBDIB BDIIB
lDS ]VBDBS OlSBDBODIBS. LD UB BIBCB BSIBI BD ]UB@D BS UDB IBDOBDC!B
DBC!B UD DUBVD IBBllSDD. Ll DD]BIlVD OBl BIUlIBCID yB DD BS IDDDBI
UD DUDOD BlIBIDBI!VD y SUUBSIBDBDIB DB]DI, S!DD IDDBI Bl DUDOD IBl
CDDD BS y CDDII!DU!I B UDB DByDI IBB\!ZBC!D OB SU DIBDC!Bl DBS UB
ByUOBI Bl BOVBD!D!BDID OB UDB UIDB IBDDIB. IIB DBDBIB OB OBC!IlD BS
BO!I, CDDD DB DBCDD BDDIO W!DIBI, UB lB O!SCll!DB BIU!IBCID!CB
IDDB `Bl lU]D OB lBS CDDO!C!DDBS D!SIIlCBS y SU I!V!lB@lBOB DBIBI!Bll
OBO.'" HBD DDlDBBS y NP DBD SIOD !DDBIDS OB BSB DUBVB BCI!IUO.
LDIIB lBS CII!CBS SUSCIIBOBS DI lB BCBIBC!D OB lBS UBIZBS OBl DBI~
CBOD SB BDCUBDIIB lB BCUSBC!D OB UDB BlIB OB BUI0DI!CB @BDBIDSIOBO
UDB BIU!IBCIUIB IBBl!SIB CDIIB Bl I!BS@D OB IBSUlIBI CDlCB. NBSS!D!I!BDD
UKSBS IBl VBZ OBSBBDB BXDIC!ZBI BSB I!BS@D Bl BSCD@BI Bl IIUlD `NBDDS
BSI0I!CB, DBS 0I!CB BIB lB !BDBl OB PIU!IBCIUIB OB VBDBC!B OBl.""
JBSSB HB!SBI IBDD!0D SB BDIBDIBDB B BSB IBDB BD SU l!DID DDS0B
0ICDlBCUIB,"' ODDOB, S!@U!BDOD B BlBUZB, CDDIIBSIBDB DOBI y DIBD~
C!Bl. B@D BSB O!SI!DC!D, Bl DD]BI!VD OBl BIU!IBCID DD BS B]BICBI UD D~
OBI, SIDD BXIBSBI Bl DIBDC!Bl CIBBI!VD OBl DUDOD BX!SIBDIB, UD DIBD~
C!Bl UB BD lI!DD I0ID!DD DOIB DDSIIBISB BDBDC!BODI.
LB B BD Bl DOBI BDBDClBODI OBl IBSBDIB SB DBllB B DBDUOD BDIB!~
ZBOB BD UDB CDDCBC!D BXIIBDB y V!IBl!SIB OBl DUDOD, UDB DDC!D UB
IDZB Bl BDIBSDD Bl CDDlBI BD Bl DOBI BUID~DI@BDlZBODI OBl UDlVBISD,

UB Bl DDDOIB OBOB IBCDDOUCII y CDDIDBI BIB SUS IDIDS DO]BIVDS.

PU, UDB VBZ DBS, BDCDDIBDDS DOBS lBS I_UIBS IBCI!CBS DO!BDIOBS OB
lDS SIS!BDBS OIDBDICDS y SU CBBCIOBO OB BUDDI_BDIZBC!CD. cl USD OB
BSB ID OB DBBDIBS DI BIB OB lDS BIUIBCDS B DBDUOD SB BIDXI~
DB B B !OBDlD_B !DDBIBDB B lB CIBBCICD y Bl OBSBIIDllD OB DBIDB. LDDD
DBIDB, lB BIUIBCUIB IBBl!SB OB DUBS!ID !BDD IB!VIDO!CB lB CDDB~
IOIlIOBO OB UDB DBDD IDVISIOlB OB DBICBOD, DI UD BOD, y UD DBDCIB
BIB lB _BDBIDSIOBO y Bl Bl!IU!SDD, DI Bl DID.
1DODS BSDS SUUBSDS SDD CUBS!!DDBOBS, BID !DClUSD SI DS OBDDS
DI OUBDDS, UBOBIBD DI IBSDlVBI D!IDS IDOlBDBS IBBCIDDBODS CDD lB
IBBlIOBO VIIUB CDDBDDIBDBB. c IDOlBDB OB lB BSCBB BS BIICUBI~
DBDB BSDDOIDSD. cD DUCDDS IDyBCDS _BDBIBODS DI DIOBDBODI, lB
BSCBB DD BSB DBOB CBIB y UDD UBOB BSBI VIBDOD DDCUBS, DBVBS
BSBCIBlBS, lBDB!BS D CDDSBlBCIDDBS. cl DDDOIB BIB lB DBOIOB OB lB
BIUIBCUIB, BID BSD SB DB BCBOBOD, B DBDDS BD lBS BD!BllBS OB DI~
OBDBODI.
LlB_BODS B BSB UDD, BS IDBIBSBDB CDDSB!BI UB B CUBSICD OB lB
BSCBlB BS UD BDB _BDBIBl DDy BD OB. VIVIDDS BD UD DUDOD ODDOB lB BS~
CBB SB DB VUBl!D IDOlBDBICB DI lB IBDSDIDBC!CD OB DUBSIBS CBB_D~
IBS V!SUBBS y BICBIVBS. DI UD lBOD, VBDDS B UDB BSCBlB DUCDD DBS
BDlIB UB DUBSIDS BDBCBSDIBS IDDBO!B!DS DBOIBDB lDS SB!BS y DS
DDOBDS !DDIDBICDS _lDOBlBS. DI DID, SDDDS CBBCBS OB DOSBIVBI DI~
CIDBS!IUCUIBS CDDD SI BSUVIBIBD BDB DUBS!IDS D]DS. JBDBDDS OIICU!B~
OBS BIB !IB!BI CDD DUBS!ID BD!DIDD B UDB OISBDC!B IBOIC!DDBl.
LB CIBDCIB y BS IDB_BDBS _BDBIBOBS DI DIOBDBODI UB B DBDUOD lB
IUSIBD OBSBDBBD UD IDDIBDB BBl BD BSB CIISIS OB lB BSCBlB
LBS IOBBS y IBIBSBD!BCIDDBS CIBDICBS OBD DIDB B DUBS!IB VISICD OBl
DUDOD y, BDIB BllBS, lB !DDIDBCICD IBSUlB UDOBDBDBl. Pl IBVS OB lB
DDCICD IBOICIDDBl OB BSIUC!UIB, B IDDIDB!ICB I_DDIB lB OIS!DC!CD BD~
IB lD _IBDOB, |D DBOIBDD y lD BUBDD, BDIB lD DBCID y D DICID. B BD
UB lB _BDDBIB !IBCBl IBSUlB BD SU_BIBDB BIB OBSCIIOII UD DUDOD
BD UB lB CDDlB]IOBO SB DBllB B !DODS lDS DIVBlBS.'
c OBSOIOU]BD!BD!D OB lD DUy _IBDOB y OB D DUy BUBD y SU CDD~
SBCUBDCIB I!DCIBl, lB CIISIS OB lB BSCBlB, BDOID IBDOBD B IBlB]BI B
BVDlUCICD UDOBDBDBl OB DUBS!IB SDCIBOBO. P DBDUOD DS BSBC!BlIS~

BS SDSIBDBD UB lB _lDOBlIZBCICD SB CBIBCBIIZB DI lB SUIBSICD OB lDS

ID!BIDBOIBIIDS BDIB lD _lDOBl y lD lDCBl, BDIB lBS DI_BDIZBCIDDBS DUD~
OIBlBS y lDS IDOIVIOUDS. cS BSCIDBDB DOSBIVBI CCDD lBS CBB_DIBS OB lB
VISICD BVDlUCIDDBD BD UDB OIIBCCICD SIDIlBI.
LBS DIDBS OB B BIUIBCUIB OI_I!Bl BIBDBCBD BUDICBDBDB Bl
CDDBXD OB lB _lDOBlIZBCICD. _LUBl BS SU BDBDD IBBl: _DD _IBDOBS CDDD
DDDBDBS D BUBDBS CDDD _UI]BIIDS: B DBCDD, BVDCBD ODS IDIDDS BB~
IBDBDBDB CDDIBO!CDIIDS` BISB]B, DI UD lBOD, y BXUIB, DI Bl D!ID.
LDS CI\ICDS DBD CDDBDBOD BXBDSBDBDB Bl IBCIBDB IDBCD OBl
BISB]B BD lB BDIB y lB IBCICB OB lB BIUIBCUIB. ISCUBDDS lB ID~
DIBDCIB BSIB_ICB OB lB DDCICD OB BXUIB. PCUBlDBDB, lB BXUIB
BS Bl lU_BI ODDOB SB BDCUBDIBD lB IDDIDBCICD BOSIBCB y lB SBDSBCICD
BD_IOlB. LBS IDB_BDBS OB DIOBDBODI SB OBSBD BD BXUIBS, BID SBS
SDD BDOID UD IBS_D UDOBDBDBl OB lDS DBBIIBlBS. LB BXUIB BIBCB
BODlII lB OISIDCICD BDIB lD BOSIBCD y lD CDDCIBD. cD Bl CBDD OB lB
BIUI!BCUIB OI_IBl, lB IDDIBDCIB DDI_BOB B lB BXUIB, Bl ]UB_D BDIB
Bl _IBDD y lB lUZ, VB OB lB DBDD CDD Bl OBSBD OB IBCDDCIlIBI D DBBIIBl lD
IDDBBIIBl, lD CDDCBUBl y lD BD_!OlB.
cD Bl CIBOD DDOBIDD DIDUlBOD DI BIUIBCDS CDDD LB LDIOUSIBI, lB
IBCDDCIIBCICD BDIB lD CDDCBUBl y lD BD_IOlB SB IBSDlVB BD B BSBCID
BIUIBC!CDICD. cl DUBVD IDBIS DI lBS BXUIBS DIDB BI!B OB lB CIISIS
OB lB !OBB OB BSBCID BIUIBCCDICD Bl CDDD UB OBIDIOD DI lB DD~
OBIDIOBO. JBBD NDUVBl OID B BSB CIISIS UDB BXIBSICD IDDBODIB CUBDOD
BDUDCIC B BOBDODDD OB lB BISBC!VB BlOBIIBDB BD BVDI OB UD DUD~
OD OIOIDBDSIDDBl OB BX!UIBS y lUCBS BD DDVIDIBDD. cl BDUDCID OB lB
DUBIB OB lB BISBCIVB BlOBIIBDB IBSUlC Bl VBZ Bl_D IBDBUID, BID
DBDDS BDIBOD OB DBCDD BD UD DUDOD llBDD OB lUCBS y BXUIBS.
LB BXUIB IDlICB UDB DUBVB BCIUO DBCIB lB IBBlIOBO, CDDD SI lBS
CDSBS SB VIBIBD B OISBDCIBS DUCDD DByDIBS D, DI Bl CDDIBIID, B OIS~
BDCIBS DUCDD DBDDIBS. U IBBlIOBO SB VUBlVB IDOlBDBICB DBOB BS
DBS BOSIBCD UB UDB SUBIICIB VISB OBSOB DUy lB]DS D OBSOB DUy
CBICBy DBS IDBDSB. cl DIBIIBBlISDD BS UD BIIBDD BD BIB BSB SUS~
BDSICD OB lB BSCBlB BICBIVB IBOIClDDBl y lB IDBDSIOBO BSBCICB
UB _BDBIB. VIVIDDS BD UD DUDOD DIBIIBBl OB SUBIICIBS y BXUIBS,
ODDOB DOBDDS VBI BDD DUDODS BDBIDS CDDD BUBDBS BICUlBS.

JBSOB HUy B]DS D OBSOB HUy CBICB, Bl UDIVBISD BIBCB SIBHIB B UD~
JB IBSUBOIB]BISB BIB BIHIII BISOBI DIDS HUDODS. Ll DIBIBXD
HUy SIHIlBI BIHIB BOIII HUDODS BIBlBlDS D CDDBDIODS BXUBlBS
IVBIVDS HBOIBDB UD ClIC. LDHD SUCBOB BD lB IBO, lB IBBlIOBO UB
IDOBB SB BDCUBDIB BD BSBOD OB HUIlICBCIDD CDDSBDB, DOlBOB
UHOIBBS UB UBOBD BSIHIlBISB B BCDDBCIHIBDDS. LB HBS BXI@UB
|BllB OB DIOBDBODI SB BOIB B BSBCIDS BlBIDBIVDS. LB BIUIBCUIB
BIBOB DI DIOBDBODI IBB OB UDB IBBlIOBO IDBSBOB OB IDIDIBS CD~
IDDBS.
DHD yB SB DB HBDCIDDBOD BDBIIDIHBDB, BSB DUBVB VBISIDD OB !DS
IDIDIDS OB lBISB BSCBl IBDB B@D UB VBI CDD lBS IIDCIBlBS BD~
CIBS BCDDDHICBS y SDCIBlBS OB DUBSID IBHD. LD UD CDDBXD OB
1BIZBCIDD, lB BCBBCIDD OB lBS UBIZBS IDV!SIOlBS OB HBICBOD DIHB
.B OB lB DIBIIBBlIOBO y lB IDBIBCCIDD BDIB BSBS UBIZBS IDVISIOlBS
IDBDSI!CBCIDD OB DUBSIB BICBC!DD OB lB IBBlIOBO OBl HUDOD.
D UD HUDOD SBHB]BDB, lB OISBDCIB CDDBHlBIVB OBl BSBOD SB
CBOB VBZ HBS OIlCI OB UOICBI D BSBHDS OBHBSIBOD lB]DS OB~
IBOD CBICB. LSB OIICUlBO DOIlB HUy OIBD CDDSIUII Bl SlDDHB OB
OBSBSBIl!ZBCIDD IBOICB OB lB DlBIIOBO DO]BDSU]BD. gUIBD ID~
J lB BIUlBCUIB! SDOIB DOD, gBIB UIBD SB IDOUCB !B BIUIBC~
! Ll HDVIHIBDD

HDOBIDD DBOlB DSUBOD UD SU]BD DSDUHBDISB,
D HUBIB N!CDBBl MByS BD UDD OB SUS lIOIDS." 1Bl VBZ B SU]BD
VHBD!SB yB DD SBB B! UB lB BIUIBCUIB !DDIHB!ZBOB !BDB BD
B. B DBCDD, lB BIUIBCUIB O!@IB BS CDDBHDIBDBB OB UDB IBDS~
|BCID

D OBl !DOIVIOUD BDDDIHD OB lB IIHBIB BIB BCDDlD@!CB DBCIB lB

DDBl!OBO BUDOBSBIIDllBOB OB lB CIVIlIZBCIDD OB DBIDB. cD DUBSIB
9OBO CDHBIIVB, lB BUDBIIHBCIDD y Bl BUDOBSBIIDllD SB DBD CDD~
OD BD UDB IB@lB OB VIOB.
'DlVBfBHDS Bl SU]BD DUHBDISB OBl IBDBCIHIBDD! BSOB UB@D UB
I IBSBHDS BBDCIDD B lB OBSCDDCBIBDB IHDIBDCIB UB ]UB@B lB
0lD@lB BD lB OBIDICIDD HISHB OB SU]BD. Ll IDOIVIOUD OB lDS BlODIBS
JICBI IlBDID SB OBIDB BD @IBD H0OIOB DI SU CBBCIOBO OB CDl@BISB
OBS @!@BDBS. UD IBCIBDB BDSByD HD lBDBBOB lB DIDBSIS OB UB
JB lBS HBDBIBS HBS BCIBS OB CDDCBOlI B BSB DUBVD IDOIVIOUD BIB
JBIBDODlD B lB I@UIB OBl CIODI@."" cSB CDHBDOID OB CBIDB y BCDD
lD@lB DB BSBOD IDDOBDOD lB lIBfBUIB y Bl CIDB OB CIBDCIBICCIDD OUIBDB
HUCDD IBHD y HBS IBCIBDBHBDB DB BHBZBOD B IDlUBDCIBI B lB BD~
IDDlD@lB y B lB DISDIIB, OBSOB lDS lIOIDS y BIlCUlDS SDOIB Bl BHIDISHD
OB DDDB MBIBWBy Bl BSUOID OB lB @UBIIB IlB B CBI@0 OB DISDIIBODIBS
CDHD BUl LOWBIOS."" LB SDHOIB OBl CIODI@ BHIBZB B BBIBCBI BD Bl
IBSDDOD OB HUCDDS IDyBCDS BIUIBCDDICDS.
BSOB BSB UDD OB VISB CBOB OBSBCBI BSBClBlHBDB ODS CBIBC
BIlSICBS OBl CIODI@. LB IIHBIB BS SU CDHlBB BCBBCIDD OBl HUDOD
Bl CDHD BS, Bl CIODI@ DD BS UDB I@UIB UDICB, SIDD Bl IBSUlBOD OB UDB
UIlIZBCIDD DB\ OB lBS BCDDlD@lBS BXISBDBS. LB SB@UDOB BS UB lB BC~
DDlD@lB BIHIB Bl CIODI@ VBI lBS CDSBS OB HDOD OISIDD, B BSCBlBS HUy
CDDIBSBOBS y CDD UDB IDBDSIOBO UB lB VISIDD IBOICIDDBl DD DSBB. LB
DIBIIBBlIOBO BSB DBCDB BIB lDS CIODI@.
Ll CIODI@ BS, DI SUUBSD, UDB ICCIDD BID Bl SU]BD DUHBDISB, Bl
DDHOIB IOBBl OBl IBDBCIHIBDD, BHOIBD lD BIB. LB OIHBDSIDD VIIIUBl OB
lB BIUIBCUIB IBB SDOIB DOD OB lB CDDSBDB IDVBDCIDD OBl SU]BD. Ll
OISBDD, B\ DIOBD y lB IDDICIDD, Bl DIDBHBDD, lB BSIUCUIB y Bl BSB~
CID IBBOBD yB OB lB DSIOlB OBIDICIDD OBl SU]BD. cl OISBDD BSISIOD DI
DIOBDBODI IBIBSBDB BHOlBD UDB DDfUDIOBO BIB lB BIUIBCUIB OB
IBBSBOlBCBI UDDS DOBIDSDS VlDCUlDS CDD lB ClBDClB y Bl BfB CDDBHD~
UDDS VlDCUlDS UB SDD SIDDDIHDS OB \B BD HByDI IHDIBDCIB
OB lB BXBIIHBDBCIDD y OB lB BCIUO BXBIlHBDBl BD Bl CBHD OB lB
BIUIBCUIB. HBDUOD SB BCUSB B lB BIUIBCUIB OI@IBl OB OBSBISB
DICBHBDB BD HBDIUlBCIDDBS DIHBlBS. B HISHB DDCIDD OB HBDIU
lBCIDD, BD DOD CBSD, CBHIDB OB \B HBDD OB lB BXBIIHBDBCIDD. gUB BS,
DI B]BHlD lB BB DWD OB NVV SI DD UD BXBIIHBDD CDHBIBOlB,
DBSB CIBfD UDD, CDD lD UB BSB DCUIIIBDOD BD lB CIBDCIB!
LB DSIOIlIOBO OB BXBIIHBDBI SB VB IBBlZBOB DI lB lBXIOIlIOBO OB
lDS ID@IBHBS IDDIHBICDS UB UBOBD OBSVIBISB OB SUS DO[BIVDS DII@I~
DBlBS BIB USD OB lDS BIUIBCDS. LSDS DD BSBD SDlDS BD BSDS IDCBSDS
OB OBSVIBCIDD. BHOIBD lDS BIIISBS SB UBOBD OBDBICIBI OB BlICBClD~
DBS OBSBIIDllBOBS BD lDS BHOlDS OB lB IDOUSIIB D OB lB HBOICIDB y, B
HBDUOD, SU USD IDOUCB OISBDDS SDIIBDOBDBS. LBOB OB SUI@BD DUB~
VBS IBlBCIDDBS BDIB lB BIUIBCUIB y Bl BIB OBSBOBS BD Bl USD BXBDSIVD
OBl DIOBDBODI.

Ll f0SBOl0C!!0D

D O0 U0f0S VDCUlDS 0Df0 lB C!0DC!B CDD0HDIB~

D0B , Bf0 DD |HllCB QU0 lB BfQU!0CUIB VByB B I0CDOIBI SU BD0f!DI
CDDOlClDD O

0 O!S!lDB glDOBl. Ll BIQU!0CD yB DD U0O0 BBI0C0f B lB

VZ

CDHD CI

0D!CD Bf!SB Bl CDHD RBOfB QU0I!OD V!fUV!D. LB BH~

OlCIDD O0 ulllIBH

N!CD0ll O0 IBDSDIHBf Bl BIQU!0CD 0D 0l j00 O0

0OfB O0 CIO0f0SBClD !Bl V0Z S0B !gUBlH0D!0 DCD f0Bl!SB ' L

. . B DU0VB
lH0DSIDD If:UB O0 lB BIQU!0CUIB 0S HBS O!0D S!DDD!HD O0 lB DS!O!l!~
3BO 0

BflCBf 0DBH0D0 0D 0l O0SBfIDllD O0 HUDOD, CDD HDO0S!B

O0Cl|DD. NBS BllB O0 lB UDB BD DBy HUCD QU0 DBC0I BIB UD D!C!D
q

U0 alO0ID OPl0HO0I S!UBfDD 0D SU OB OB]D 0l BfBgUBS O0 |B

[IBCtDD. "
tHB

_
.

_.q

...--..-.-..-.--s..,.-.--..-,..-...-s.-....

--,
-
-

-. .-.---..-.v.--.-.
.-
_
.
.g___
.

:-.--.-.v-...-....--....s-...
``s'.- .

.
___ a-,.-.-.s--..-.-.---s.-....-
:..,...-a---,....----..c-c..--.......a.----....-:

.
.

-
v

.-...-v....-..--.:-..s-.c. .-.........-..
...a....-a

..
.
,
.

.....-.
,......-.
.-.-,-.-s..-

__
.
,___

:
-.----,...-...-,-.-.....-....,,-.-,.- .
--........,...-.-,-.-.--...---,--.-,-..-.-.-.----.--..-.-... ..
-..--..-.v-c.,..,-..i::. ,.,.:i:-
` ......-,..-...-..-..-.---...-.-.-...s-.......,.-.-.

-.-..........:-.--.-...-....---.....
` s--.....-.-.a-..-s.--....-..-.-.--n-.,.-,.a-...-s.-,.
-..-.---.-......,-.v-....c.---,..v....---..,.-.v..,...-.
,-.--...s-.a-.-s.-,.t-.o...-.-..--.-......----.-...-,.
c.---,.a-....,-.... c.---,..-.,.,...-.-,.---.--..-s..-..-
....--....... -.v-...c.---,..v.....:....s-........-.-...--..-
s.....-....s-.-....v.--....
` -......a..c.,-.c--.-.... v--...--.,-...-....-.....-.,-.-..
c-.,..-,.-.-..-.......-.-.,.-,c-.--.-......-.-..-....-.--.
-:s.-.
` -......a..c.,.-.c--.-.... c-....-...-.-.......:.-..v -....c.
-..-s:-::....s-........-.:.-...-.--...-s.--,......-. c--..,-a.-.
..-...,.........-..-.c.,..,v.--. ::::
` ----.--.,n.o-,-..----o

-..:,c.---,.a-....,-...c.---
,...:....s-........-..s-s.....-.-.-,---c.---,..-....,-...
v.--. ::::
s--.......-..,.,-..---......-.....-,.-..-..--.-...c--...
......,-.,.-,.-

--.....--....:-s...,-c.,..--.--.....,-s-..-.
.--..:::
-....-..... a---,.. --..-.-..-..-...............-.....-...--.......
-.-.--.--.....--,...--.......-..,...----..-..-....-....-.-...
.::-.,-,.---...:. ,.,..-i:::
a...--.-....-..-..-....-,...,-....-.--..-.......v--..-.-
:..--,..s...:. ,.,.i:.i::
--,..c-..--. s-s-,..-.-..,-........-...csc-.....--.c.-...-...
c--.....s-c-..---,..v.--::::
` a----.-. ...---,.-.-----,. -.......--.-.,-....i-.....s-.......-.
=--.-.-.--..-.---..-. v.--..:
c-..-.-...t-..-..-.--:--,....---.-.,-...--..-...-:--o-
-..--.v-...c.---,..v......s
n,..,.v... -..-...,---.--,.--,=-,--..i..:,.,.s::
..... w.-,--:-.--.-.c.-..a.-,..---,--.-.....
.,--,a.,---..----...--.-.......-........-....-
.a--.--..-.-.,......-.-....-.-.-.....-.-.......-.....-..s-.-
.-...,-...:---.--..-...c-.--..-,-.--.......----.,.....a..-.
....-...-i,.,:.

0ICK,UBH0S,L000S, N0KDg 0 D0W SC0DC0.VlKu@ f0SS,NU0VBTDfK,11 V0ISI0DCBS^

BDB.L00S. 0 CI00CI0D 00 UD0 CI0DCI0, 0lX BIIBl BIC0DDB 1}` V L0
LC
., 00S 0
9/OhISO0, |!lDDS L0 0Utl,BIS, 1Z.
DDf0ClB@fBHBSV6BS0,DI0]0HD,I@IBHWDIKS,0D~Dy ND_DZDB Z, .
D0IK0,0D yDS,BfDlD0,NDVB (l: 00gD00D, ll. 0C0DQU0S, lll. L0S] UD!U0lDl
S0 f0SS,PHS!0f0B0,.
*
!BBS,WlDy,0 0l.. 0I00X. LXCUlS0DS DO0CDSy, TU UD|SO0IS, H0!0ICBH, 1.
WID0I,

BD

I0, `llyID@ R0

DUl0, DI W!0D CIC !R0 U!UI0 D0@ID'`, 0D H0 0 A00l000S.

v0IS

l0DS WlIOSu00DIS,JDC0!DDPICDl0CU!Bl|BSS, NU0VBTDK,1 ;V0fSl0DCBS~

5D B`

DBI CDD l

B D

lB.D gCUdDCD 0H02 0lU!UID!,BR FDCODDS. LCOvBlSDC|CDCS

BSIJ0|DDlBS, C0I!DlBUS!BVDIl, BIC0lDRB, ZZ _S. ~}.
U
-
BS, NBS

lHIlBDD [00.},L0. LBSS DBS!OBI|CS ODl0 0IOlCS, LB I0DDB0 Cl V0D0ZlBl

SllID,V0D0ClB,Z.
6IS0I,U0SS0,DlO~S00DlCOI0CU/0,PCBC0HyCCI!lDDSlJDDD Wy!I0,NU0VBTDIK,.
|BDC0D

D!, 0DD,L0S DD0S I0C0S` DI0B, ODSDI0 0I0lO0DSDD llB0HBIlDD BIS

" V0fSI0D CBS!0llBDB.LDS 0D00S I0C0l0S` 0I00 0Z0I y 000DSD USqU0!S eBfC0

Z"}.
*
~
DUV0l,J0BD,`PV0DIf, 0H .7IC00CUI0 0`0Uj0UI0`0U, Z, ! d@..
yS,.NlCD

0,v000I

IS0 0D0 00 0S0U00DIS SUDj0C. 00 0IC00CUI0 DM0DD0S

I0D0 LU0WIg MIlD0IS0I00I, 1R0N!I0SS,B0DIIC@0NBSS. (,Z.
DD, PD!DlD0, L0 V0 0II0I0 00S CyD0IgS, L0S LCI!lDDS C0 l1HIlH0Uf, 0SBDDD,
BIBWBy, DDDB,

Dl0S!

Df yDDf@S. SCl0DC0S, 0CDDDlD@y,BDC SDClBllS! 10HIDISH

0 1S,

D DCIDISI H0v/0W, 1, Z, 1, 8@. !1. MBIBWBy,DDDB J., NBDl0SD

_
yDDf@SCI0DC0,!0CRDDl

@y,BDCSDCIB!IS!0H:DISHlD!D01S, 0D0C0lS H0v|0W,

1,

8@S.~1 V0fSl0DCBS0llBDB.N0D0S0 Q0I0 CyDDIgS,UDlV0fSl!B!00VB9D~

VB0DCIB, } MBfBWBy, DDDB J., ODDS, CyD0IgS 0D0 W000D. 00 I0Dv0D0D D
JI0, HDU!00@0,NU0VBTDfK, 1, cCWBICS,BUl N.,DQ. C/.
I!CR0l,WllBHJ. ,L/y 0 DS` 0C0, Q0C0 0D0 00 D0D00D, D0N!I0SS,BHDIIC@0
SS.},.
0fD!,0DI

y L0H

D
a
0Pl

HD0
~
,U0BD,yS!9H0I@Uf0C0SCDDDDISSBD!0SRU0BID0S,
.DCyC000l0, 0U 0ICI0DD0II0 I0IS0DD0 00S SC0DC0S, 00S 0IS0 00S 000IS |1 VDS(
iSSDD,BIS,111Z, VDl..

Ia a1gDl!cC!D1a g
|
aS !cCDo
|
ogaS dc
|
a v\da
BDDIO hW1DIBI
1UU1
DCB @BD\B OSCU\!IB UB DUBS\!B CIV!l!ZBCIDD, DUBS\IB \ICB y DUBS\IB
Dl\!CB SDD CBOB VBZ DBS \BCDDlD@!CBS. X DD BS BR ODDOB IBSIOB Bl ID~
O!BDB, S!DD DBS O!BD BD Bl RBCRD OB UB DDSD\fDS CDDD SBIBS, CDDD
BD!DBlBS, CDDD B[BDlDS OB lD UB uDB VBZ UB lB D0UI0BZ0 RUDBDB,
SDDDS yB \BD lBDB B !I!BD!S!OlBDBD\B \BCDDlD@!CDS, UB RBS\B DDS VB~
DDS I!VBODS OB UD lBD@UB]B CDD Bl uB BI\!CulBI, D S!U!BIB BDuDCIBI,
UDB DBDDI\B OBl \IBDS!\D RIS\DI!CD RBC!B BSB OBS\IDD uB DDS !BClBDB.
Ll !DBIB\!VD \BCDDlD@!CD DCC!OBD\Bl lB VDluD\BO OB ODD!DID OB UDB
DB\UIBlBZB !DO!BIBD\B y OB lBS !DVDlUD\BI!BS CIUBlOBOBS OBl BZBI= DD
UBOB BDSBISB SBDC!!!BDBD\B CDDD Bl@D SBBIBOD OB BSB D\ID SUBD
DBS @BDBIBl ]y, BD CUB!U!BI CBSD, BBIBD\BDBD\B DDOlB) OB lB BDBDCI~
BC!DD DB\Bf!Bl y BS!I!\UBl OB lB RUDBDIOBO. BSOB Bl fBDBC!D!BD\D, Bl
`!DDOIB SB RB OBIDIOD =BD SU BSBDC!B=CDDD UD SBI /D/B y CIBB\IVD,
y BSB !OBDlD@B BS lB UBD\B \BD\D OBl RUDBDISDD l!OBIBl IBCIBD\BDBD\B
BS\!@DB\!ZBOD y CBOD BD OBS@IBC!B, CDDD OB UDB \BDOBDC!B DBS SDl!~
OB B !DlBCBOlB B B[BICBI BSB lIOBI\BO CDDu!S\BDOD y SUOyU@BDOD B lB
DB\UIBlBZB DBO!BD\B lB \CD!CB. LS DI BSB IBZDD DI lB uB uBOB SB!
DBCBSBI!D \DOBVB BDSBI BD DUBS\ID SBI \BCDDlD@ICD, BD DUBS\IB CDDO!~
C!DD, CDDD UD DBS/DD, UBS yB DD SDDDS lB ClBSB OB RUDBDD UB u!DDS
BD\BD, y BD RDy BBDBS SDDDS CBBCBS OB !DB@!DBI BD U D\lB ClBSB
DOIBDDS CDDVBI\!DDS, SI DD BS BD IBlBC!DD B BSB `\ID OB BISDD!!CB~
C!DD OB uDB lIOBI\BO Ul\IBDDOBIDB.'
MBS\B Bl SI@lD X|X lBS \CD!CBS RUDBDBS BD lDS BDO!\DS SDC!BlBS, Dl\!~
CDS, C!BD\!CDS, IDOUS\!!BlBS y ODDS\ICDS BS\UVIBIDD IDCDD\BD!OlBDBD~
\B DIIBD\BOBS Bl ODD!D!D OB lB BOVBIS!OBO y Bl BZBI BD Bl DUDOD BX\BIDD
WlD!0f, BDDfC, PfCDl!0C!Uf0SBD0 !D0!0CDDDD@l0S D l0,f0S0D!B0DDfl@DBH0D!0 0D
DfHB00CDD0f0DClB0D DlUHDlBUDlV0fSl!y, MU0VBTDfK,0DDDVl0HDf0 00 1J. UDCB0D
0DA I0S,Z1, LDD0f0S, V0fBDD00, 8@S.~ BV0fSlD CDff0@l0B qU0BqUS0UDlCB
0S!8 DClUCB 0D. WlD!0f,BDDf0, 0I I00 0QUIIDfU0. LSS0yS 0D 0C0D0l0 0D0 00SgD
CUlUI0, PC!Bf,BIC0lDDB,Z1 8@S.Z~!).
1
OB lB DBIUIBlBZB. LBSOB Bl CBHO!D OB S!@lD, DD DOSIBDB, BSB VDlUDBO OB
ODH!D!D SB DB V!SID OBSlBZBOB, Bl HBDDS BIC!BlHBDB, OBl HUDOD DD
DUHBDD, y Bl!CBOB BHO!BD Bl CDDDC!H!BDD y CDDIIDl OB IB DBIUIBlBZB
DUHBDB. UIBDB BSB BIDOD, Bl BU@B y Bl OBSBIIDllD OB lBS !DOUSI!BS
OBl CDDDC!H!BDD CDDDC!OBS DDy CDHD C!BDC!BS SDC!BlBS D DUHBDBS UB
DCD HBS UB UDB IBSUBSB lC@!CB BS OBC!I, DSBDS!OlBHBDB DUHBDB
y CUl!VBOB B UDB C!V!I!ZBC!CD CUyD B!D0S IBCDDlC@!CD SB DBOB CDDVBI~
!OD BD DBOB HBDDS UB SU HDDI I!DC!BI y BIB lB UB lB BOH!D!SIIB~
C!CD Dl!CB, BS CDHD Bl CDDID, lB lBD!!CBC!CD y lB !DB@IBC!CD OB lBS
DOIBC!DDBS DUHBDBS BD BSB BDDS, SB CDDV!I!BIDD BD Bl@D I!HDIO!B.
B CUBlU!BI HDOD, BSB DUBVD BSCBDBI!D OBl OBSBIIDllD OB lB BCD!CB DC~
C!OBDIBl DB SIOD HUCDD HBDDS UDB IBSUBSIB B UDB DBCBS!OBO DUHBDB
!lDSC!CB D DIHUIBOB DI@BD!CBHBDB, UB lB IBBCC!CD B UDB CI!S!S SD~
C!BI y BI@DDCH!CB) @BDBIBOB DI Bl OBSBIIDllD OB lB IDIB BCD!CB. BSOB
BDDDCBS, lB BCDDlD@B SB DB DI!BDIBOD CBOB VBZ HBS, y CDD CIBC!BDB B
!DClUSD IBIIDI!CD IB!DBH!BDID, Bl CDDIIDl, B B @BS!CD y BDDIB B IB Q0~
C0CD OB lB BC!V!OBO DUHBDB.
LD UB IBSUlB CIUC!Bl OB BSIDS OBSBIIDlIDS, BUDUB IBHO!BD BSB CDD~
V!DCBDIBHBDB DCUlD DI BlIDS, BS UB lDS IDCBSDS CC ClC0CD y lDS CC
C00C0CI0 OB DUBSIB CUlUIB yB DD BSBD SBBIBODS. UD!CBHBDB B
IIBVBS OB IDS HBIDODS @BDBBC@!CDS OB lB !lDSDB |y B IIBVBS OB SUS CBS!
CBOUCBS HDOBl!OBOBS OB BIBDC!CD y CDDCBDIBC!CD} BSB DBCDD UBOB
V!SlUHOIBISB, BUDUB OBO!lHBDIB. JBHDCD IBSUlIB BD HDOD Bl@UDD !DD~
DIUDD, D! CBIBDB OB !HDIBDC!B, UB BCUBlHBDB Bl IDOlBHB OB lB
BCDDlD@B SB !DIIDOUZCB CBOB VBZ HBS BD lB I!CB !DBISBCC!CD UB SB
IDOUCB BDIB lB !lDSDB y B BIU!IBCIUIB. T BSD BS BS, DD SCID DIUB B
CDDDC!H!BDD UBOB !OBD!!CBISB CDHD Bl BHO!D ID!D OB lB IlDSDB
y lB CIBBC!CD CDHD Bl OB lB BIU!BCUIB, SIDD BHO!BD DIUB BS lB DI~
HB BCUl!BI, I!V!lB@!BOB y DS!OlBHBDIB !DS!O!DSB BD UB lB BIU!BCUIB
BDVUBlVB Bl BDDS BCDDlC@!CD B IBVBS OB SUS ID!BS HDOBl!OBOBS OB
CDDDC!H!BDD y lB HBDBIB, B lB VBZ DCUlB y DI IDVBDIBISB, BD UB lB !lD~
SDB DOIB SBIV!IDDS CDHD UDB DUBVB y CIUC!Bl HDOBl!OBO CC CIC0CD,
UB BSB BD ]UB@D BDDIB y lD BSBIB BD lBS OBCBOBS VBD!OBIBS.
Ll DBCDD OB UB OBSOB Bl S!@ID DUBSIB C!V!l!ZBC!CD BCDDlC@!CB DByB
O!I!@IOD CDD HUCDB HBS !DBDSIOBO SU BBDC!CD SDOIB Bl CDDDCBICIBBI
1O
DBC!B lD DUHBDD y DIDS BDDIDDS DI@BD!CDS B BSUO!D OB lB SDC!B
OBO, lB S!UB, B D!SDI!B y lB BCDDDHB, BS CDHD B[!ODS, HDlBCUlBS y
IDCBSDS V!B\BS SB BDCUBDIIB BDIB lDS BVBDCBS HBS lHDIBDBS OB
DUBSIIB D!SDI!B HDOBIDB. LD 1dA, BD UDB DOIB HB@ISIBl SDOIB lB D!S~
IDI!B OB lB BCD!CB DUHBDB, LBW!S NUHDIO ODSUB]C B @IBDOBS IBS@DS
IBS BIDODS !HDIIBDBS OBI OBSBIIDllD BCDDlC@!CD DCC!OBDBl. I!HB~
ID, BI BIDOD LDIBCD!CD, CBIBCBI!2BOD DI lBS BCDDlD@BS OB lBS BDBI~
@BS D!OIBUl!CB y BCl!CB, Bl IBOB]D OBl V!OI!D y lB HBOBIB, B CDD!DUBClCD,
Bl BIDOD DOUSIlBl D BlBDBCDlCD, OB H!DBS DSCUIBS, BOI!CBS BBSB~
OBS y C!UOBOBS BDDB@IBC!OBS, OBI!VBOD OB lB CDHOUS!CD y lB IBS!CD,
Bl VBDI y Bl CBIOCD !DBlHBDB Bl BIDOD NBDBCD!CD, OBSOB Bl CUBl Bl
ID!D NUHDIO BSCI!OB, UD BIDOD CUyB !DDDVBC!CD CDDS!SB BD DB~
OBI V!DCUBOD !IIBVBIS!OlBHBDB SU ICC0 B lBS H!DUC!DSBS y IBClSBS
DBIBC!DDBS OB BS HBBHB!CBS y lB BBIBDBHBDB !D!D!B BCUDO!OBO
OB lB C!BDCIB. LSB I!HD BIDOD BDIC lB BCD!CB OB \BS BlBBC!DDBS, lDS
HBBlBS l!@BIDS, lDS CDHUBSDS S!DB!CDS, lDS H!SBIlDS !DVlS!OlBS OB lDS
IDCBSDS UH!CDS y, BD BSBCIB, lB BDBI@B BlBCI!CB, BS CDHD lB IB!DB~
@IBC!CD OB lDS lBI@BHBDB !@DDIBODS BDDIDDS `DHBODS, CDHD B @IBD~
]B, IB V!DB y Bl lBODIBDI!D !S!DlC@!CD. MBC!B Bl !DB OB SU l!OID 16CC0
CvZ0CD, y CDD B S!D@UlBI!OBO y lB !HIBV!S!O!l!OBO OB UDB BIUC!CD
VDlCBD!CB, NUHDIO SBDBB, BUDUB SClD OB BSBOB, Bl BOVBD!HlBDD OB
ID UB llBHC Bl BIDOD O!DBCD!CD, yB V!SlOlB Bl ODIOB OBl DDIlZDDB.
ND CBOB OUOB OB UB lB VlS!CD, UD IBSBD!HlBDD CBS! !HDSlOB, OB
NUHDIO, BHBI@B DDy CDD UDB UBIZB BD lHIBS!DDBDIB CDHD BIIDI!~
CB, UBS BS !DBV!BOlB. Ll BDDIHB ID@IBHB S!D IBCBOBDBS OB B BOH!~
D!SIIBC!CD @IDOBl BD DDHOIB OBl IDyBCID B!OBH!DlC@!CD OB SlOB y SUS
!D!C!B!VBS !DHUDDlC@!CBS y BIHBCBU!CBS, !@UBlHBDB HBS!VBS, Bl BU@B
CBS! BDBIU!CD OB lBS DUBVBS !DOUSI!BS OB lB OlDD@B CDHD S! UBIBD
DCD HBS UB IBlDBHlBDDS BSIUCUIBlBS OBDID OB yB BHlllBI BIB~
O!@HB OB !l!CDD VBllBy B IDyBCD OBl BDDHB MUHBDD, UB BOIBZB
DOD D BDBI!DI, UDB DOIB Ol!CB BD CDlDSBI UB BD SUS IDDIC!DDBS BS
DB\HBDIB H!l!BI ... cSBS SDD SClD Bl@UDBS OB lBS DIHBS HBS V!S!OlBS
OB UD IDCBSD HUCDD HBS @BDBIBl OB IBDSDIHBC!CD UB BSB BD!BDOD
lU@BI B DUBSID BIBOBODI. DClUSD BD Bl BDDIDD CDDSIU!OD, SUI@BD DI
DOBS BIIBS IBDSDIHBC!DDBS O!DBCD!CBS UDOBHBDBlBS. LD I!HBI

lU_BI, IDS IDCBSDS S!D IBCBOBD\BS OB !D\B_IBC!DD DI_BD!CB OB lBS DB~

U!DBS y lDS S!S\BDBS !DIBBS\IUC\U!BlBS UB \!BDBD IU_BI B VBI!BS BS~
CBIBS IB !D\B_IBC!DD OBI SDD!OD, Bl \BX\D, lB !DB_BD y lDS \UjDS OB OB\DS
BD CIUOD DBC!B Bl BD\DIDD UDO!OD, S!D_UlBI, SBDSDI!Bl OBl BD\DIDD DUl\!
DBOIB lB !D\B_IBC!DD OB \BlBS D!CIDBD\DIDDS D `BS\BC!DDBS BD S!S\BDBS
DBCID D _lDOBlBS BIDBDBD\BDBD\B BC\!VBODS B \IBV0S OB IBOBS OB \B~
I0DDD O!_!\Bl, CBO\B D !OIB D\!CB y, \Bl VBZ lD DBS !DDI\BD\B OB \DOD,
\B !D\B_IBC!DD 9DDH9DDD_/C0 OBl S!S\BDB DBIVDSD DUDBDD BD O!CHBS
IBOBS DUl\!D!VBlBS y DUl\!BSCBlBIBS B \IBV0S OB IBS llBDBOBS !D\BIBCBS
!D\BIBC\!VdS DB\UIBlBS D IU!OBS` UB U\!l!ZBD lB VDZ, Bl _BS\D y Bl \BC\D.
LS\BS DUBVBS BIU!\BC\UIBS UBOBD BD\BDOBISB SDlD BD \0ID!DDS OB UD
DUBVD \!D OB CDDCIBC!DD D DB\BI!Bl!OBO, UDD UB SB O!II_B DBC!B DUBS~
\IDS `DDODS OB B\BDC!DD DI_BD!CDS y Bl SUS\IB\D OB lB IBSUBS\B DBIV!D~
SB y SBDSDI!Bl DUDBDB.
!D BDOBI_D, BS\B BDB\IBC!DD BC\!VB OB lB !DDIDBC!DD BD lB DB\BI!B
VB DUCDD DBS BIlB, BD !!DBI lU_BI B \IBV0S OB lB ID_IBS!VB SB\UIBC!DD
OB DUBS\IDS BD\DIDDS S!CDS y DBCBD!CDS DBO!BD\B B\ D!CIDCD, UB BD
BS\DS DDDBD\DS BU_UIB UB VB B OB]BI BBIBD\BDBD\B !D\BC\D, BUDUB
\BDO!0D CDDU\BI!ZBOD, \DOD BSBC\D OBl BD\DIDD DB\BI!BI UB DBDDS
DBIBOBOD ID OB]BIB CDD\IDlBOD DI SD|W0lB, B O!S\BDC!B, BD IBSUBS\B B
\!BDD IBBl B !D\BIV!DCUlBOD. B_UDOD, B DBO!OB UB lB C!BDC!B OB IDS DB~
\BI!BlBS OBSl!B_B SU BBOUllBD\B BDDl!B OB DB\BI!BlBS BC\!VDS, SBDSI~
\!VDS D ID_IBDBOlBS, CDDD IBS BlBBCDDBS CDD DBDDIIB OB DIDB, CI!S~
\BlBS, CBIBD!CBS y D\lDBIDS, DUBVDS DB\BI!BlBS HOIIODS CDD CI!S\BlBS
!BZDBl0C\I!CDS !D\B_IBODS y DDl0CUIBS DI_BD!CBS =\DODS CBBCBS OB
CBDO!BI OB DIDB y BS\IUC\UIB BD IBSUBS\B B UD BOBD!CD OB BS\lDUlDS
BDO!BD\BlBS=, lB ID!B !OBB OB BIU!\BC\UIB CDDD DS!CB CDD@Bl0D0
DI !D SB DB VUBl\D l!\BIBl, y DD SDlD !OBDlD_!CBDBD\B, DOSDlB\B. Ll BU_B
OB lDS _IUDS OB BXBI\DS B !DS\!\U\DS OB !DVBS\!_BC!DD BD V!OB BI\!!C!Bl
[BD DDS!C!DD B lB !D\Bl!_BDC!B BI\!!C!Bl) y Bl DD\BOlB IBS\!_!D BOU!I!OD
DI lBS BSBCUlBC!DDBS OB IDS !D_BD!BIDS, BD\BDD UIBDBD\B \BDI!CBS, BD
DBDD\BCDDlD_lB, SDD BS!D!SDD SBDBlBS OB UDB \IBDSDIDBC!DD UDOB~
DBD\BI UB DDS BlB]B OBl BIBO!_DB DBCBD!CD ClBS!CD.
|B BDBZBOD B SUI_!I BS\B DUBVB V!S!DD DI_BD!CB, \BIDDO!DBD!CB B
!DDIDBCIDDBl OB lB DIDB BIUI\BC\DD!CB. DDDS \BS\!_DS OB lB \BDOBD~
|O
C!B OB B\BI L!SBDDBD OBSOB 1 DBC!B lBS DIDBS UlSBD\BS y BIIB\!CBS,
lDS S!S\BDBS BU\DIIB_UlBOlBS y lDS \IBZBODS y \IBDSDIDBC!DDBS CDD\!~
DUDS, CDDD BUBllDS DUBS\DS B lDS O!BIBDC!BODS, SDDDS \BS\!_DS OB lB
U\!l!ZBC!DD OB S!S\BDBS OB IBBCC!DD y O!US!DD DUl\!DlVBl DI BI\B OB
BIDBIO JSCDUD! [BIC OB |B V!llB\IB) ODDOB lDS UD\DS, llDBBS y SUBI!~
C!BS SB \IBDSDIDBD, CDDD DIOBDBS !DIBSBS BD UDB BU\B DUS!CBl, BD
BC\!V!OBOBS OB !D\BDS!!CBC!DD, \IBDSDlS!DD D O!US!DD y, DI l\!DD, SD~
DDS \BS\!_DS OBl BOIBZD UIOBDlS\!CD OB lBS lUC\UBClDDBS, !DBS\BO!l!OB~
OBS, !D\BIBIBDC!BS, S!S\BDBS CDD\!DUBDBD\B BC\UBlZBODS DI BI\B OB
HB D DDIDBBS y OB SU BIS!CBZ CDDIBDS!DD OB UB BS lB DIDB D0DD0,
DD \B OUIB, lB UB CDD\!BDB Bl DBX!DD OB BS\IUC\UIB 0C/v0.
BID DD BS SDlD B \IBV0S OB lB BIU!\BC\UIB, D! S!U!BIB OB lBS _BDlBlBS
IBSDlUC!DDBS OB lDS B]BDlDS BD\BI!DIBS, CDDD llB_BIBDDS B BD\BDOBI
lBDBDBD\B DUBS\ID OBS\!DD y DS!ClDD BD Bl DUDOD \BCDDlD_!CD DDOBI~
DD BSD SDlD DCUIIlIB BD CDD]UDClDD CDD UDB !lDSDlB SDS\BD!OB y CIBB~
\!VB, BD\BDO!OB DD SDlD CDDD UDB DIDB OB CDDDC!D!BD\D, S!DD \BDO!0D
CDDD UDB DIDB OB CIBBC!DD. Pl !D y B\ CBOD, lB l!OBI\BO DD BS Bl_D CDD
UB lDS DUDBDDS UBOBD SBI DUBVBDBD\B !DVBS\!ODS OB Bl_D DDOD
DBO!BD\B DBIBC!DDBS, S!DD Bl_D UB OBOB IB!DVBD\BISB CDD\lDUBDBD~
\B. ! lBS CDDO!C!DDBS D!S\DI!CBS, DB\BI!BlBS y \0CD!CBS OB DUBS\ID SBI
BS\BD DDy !DBX\I!CBOlBDBD\B BD\IB\B]!OBS y DDS IBSUl\BD IBC\lCBDBD\B
IDV!SlOlBS, BS\D SDlD S!_D!!CB UB DUBS\IBS CBBC!OBOBS CDDCB\UBlBS B
|DVBD\IVBS OBOBD DDBISB Bl D!SDD D!VBl. NUBS\ID BUID UBOB \Bl VBZ
IBSUD!ISB DB]DI CDD BI IDVBIO!D, C!\BOD BD SU DDDBD\D DI Bl !IDSDD
OB lB \BCDDlD_lB BDI_B IBD\' 1DDB lD UB U!BIBS, O!]D !DS \DDBlD ...
y B_B DI BllD.
LS0S S0D l0S !0R8S f00f08l0S 00 l8 0Df8 00 llS00 00f@0 f8D! y S0 D8D !00800
0!f0C!800D!0 00 Bl.
NUR0f0, L0wIS, !0chntcS Ond ctvtltzOtOn, M8fC0UfI f8C0 0., NU0V8 Y0fK, 1S34 [V0fSID
C8S!0l\8D8' !9cntcO y ctvttzUctn, Pl!8y8, 8fC0l0D8, 199S.
JA
L616126 61 1SD C61 S1gDI1TTD g6I8T1CD
6I dTQ11l6C1TS
NBDU0l 0LBDCB

LB SIDUlBCID IDOIDB\ICB C0 IOC0SOS 0VOlU\IVOS yB 0S UDB \BCDICB OI0D

BIIBI_BCB 0D 0l 0S\UCIO C0 CIDBDICBS OIOl_ICBS. UDO U0C0 CBI II0DCB
SU0l\B B UDB OOlBCID C0 lBD\BS O BDIDBl0S VII\UBl0S 0D UD 0D\OlDO Cl_I~
\Bl y I0BlIZBt UD S0_UIDl0D\O C0 CDO 0SBS CIIB\UIBS UD0D SUS DB\0IIBl0S
_0DB\ICOS VII\UBl0S DBS\B SU I0IOCUCCID. LB CIICUl\BC CODSIS\0 0D C0I~
DIf lB I0lBCID 0H\I0 lOS _0D0S VII\UBl0S y lOS IBS_OS ISICOS U0 _0D0lBD.
Ll I0S\O C0 \BI0BS 0l S0_UIDI0D\O C0 UIBD S0 I0lBCIODB COD UIBD, lB
BSI_DBCID C0 VBlOI0S C0 B\I\UC B CBCB DU0VB OIDB, lB C0\0IDIDBCID
C0 CDO UD _0D S0 \IBDSD\0 B \IBVBS C0 UDB OOlBCID C0 VBIIBS _0D0~
IBCIOD0S= lBS I0BIZBD BU\ODB\lCBD0D\0 UDOS IO_IBDBS C0 OIC0DBCOI
CODOCCOS CODO Bl_OII\DOS _0DB\ICOS. L\ 0S\UClO C0 !BS IOI0CBC0S
OIDBl0S y UDCIODBl0S C0 0S\0 \lO C0 SO|W0l0 S0 DB CODV0I\ICO yB 0D UDB
CISCIlIDB 0D SI DISDB, OBS\BD\0 IDC00DCI0D\0 C0 lBS BlICBCIOD0S 0D ID~
V0S\I_BCID OIOl_ICB U0 U0C0D \0D0I 0SBS SIDUlBCIOD0S. LD 0 I0S0D\0
0DSByO DO \IB\BIB C0 lOS BS0C\OS IDOIDB\ICOS C0 lOS Bl_OIl\DOS _0DB\I
COS DI C0 SU USO 0D OIOlO_IB, SIDO U0 D0 C0D\IBIB 0D lBS BlICBCIOD0S U0
0S\BS \BCDICBS U0C0D \0D0I CODO ByUCBS C0l CIS0DO BI\IS\ICO.
LD CI0I\O S0D\ICO, lBS SIDUlBCIOD0S 0VOlU\IVBS SUS\I\Uy0D Bl CIS0DO,
U0S\O U0 OS BI\lS\BS U0C0D U\IlIZBI 0S\0 SOW0l0 BIB _0D0IBI OI~
DBS DU0VBS 0D lU_BI C0 SIDl0D0D\0 CIS0DBI!BS. NO OOS\BD\0, CODO 0X
lICBIB DBS BC0lBD\0, U0CBIB UDB BI\0 C0l IOC0SO 0D lB U0 0l ClS0DO
CODSCI0D\0 S0IB \OCBVIB UD CODOD0D\0 CIUCIBl. U0S\O U0 0l IOIO
SOW0l0 0S I0B\IVBD0D\0 OI0D CODOCICO y 0S C0 BCIl BCC0SO, lOS USUB
IIOS U0C0D \0D0I lB lDI0SlD C0 U0 _0D0IBI OIDBS DU0VBS S0 DB COD~
0L80O8, N80u0, 00U20 80O D0 US0 0 D0 @000I0 8@01ID0 IO 810D00U10, 00 f00
f00fu0 0$@D, v01. 7Z, T,U0D0 WI0y & 0OS, MU0v8 T01K, ZZ, B@S. ~JZ. 010OU0IO0
00O 8u01IZ80I00 O0 U0D0 WI0y & 00S LO.
1O1
VBIIICD BD Bl@D IU\IDBIID. ID BDOBI@D, \BDOI0D CBOB SBDBlBISB UC Cl
CSBCID CC lDS DSIOlCS CISCDDS CD UB Bl B@DII\DD UDCIDDC CBOB SBI lD
SUICICD\BDCD\B IICD CDDD BIB UB lDS IBSUl\BCDS BVDlU\IVDS ICSUl\CD
VBICBCBIBDBD\B BXCBCIDDBlCS. LDDD ByUCB Bl CISBDD, BSBS \0CDICBS
SCIIBD DBS OICD ID\I!CS SI Bl CISCDBCDI UCIBIB IBCCCII BCIlDBD\B BS
DIDBS UB SB VBD B DO\BDBI.
LDS Bl@DII\DDS @CD0\ICDS SClD SCIVIIBD CDDD IDS\IUDCD\DS CC VISUB~
lIZBCICD \ICS SI lB BVDlUCICD VII\UBl UBCB U\IIZBISB BIB BXlDIBI UD
BSBCID BD Bl UC Bl CISBDBCDI lC ICSUl\C IDDSIOlC CDDSICCIBI \DCBS
lBS CDDI@UIBCIDDBS D\CDCIBCS CC BD\BDBDD, y SClD SI lD UB SB DO\IB
DB IBSUl\B CDDCBD\B, D B DBDDS SDIIBDCBD\B. LD lB lBODI CB CISBHBI
CSBCIDS 0I\IlCS CC IDVCS\I@BCICD, Bl@UDBS ICBBS IlDSCICBS, CDDD lBS
UB \IBZB IlBS BlBUZB, CBSBDCDBD UD BB CIUCIBl. IIIB UB B! USD
IDCUC\IVD CC lDS B@DII\DDS @CD0\ICDS DBCBSI\B Bl CBSlIC@UB CB \lCS
DIDBS CC BDSBDICD\D IlDSCICD. DOlBCIDDBl, ID\BDSIVD y \DDlC@ICD.
BlBUZC DD lBS IDVBD\C, BID SI BS ICUDIC DI IIDCIB VBZ, C DIZD CB BllBS
lB OBSB CB UD DUBVD CDDCB\D BD lB @0DBSIS CB lB DIDB.
BIB U\IlIZBI Bl@DII\DDS @BD0\ICDS, CCOC CDDDCCISC ICVIBDCD\B UD CBD~
D Bf\ICUlBI CC Bf\C UC ICSUClVB Bl IDOBDB CB lB IBIBSBD\BCICD CBl
IDCUC\D IDB BD \0IDIDDS CBl IDCBSD UC lD @BDBIC. P CDD\IDUBCICD CCOC
BVCII@UBISC CCDD IBICSCD\BI CSC DISDD IDCBSD CDDD SBCUBDCIB CB DB~
IBCIDDBS OIBD CBIDICB. LS BS\B SBCUCDCIB D, DB]DI CICDD, Cl CCCI@D IDDI~
DB\ICD UB lB BSBCIICB, lD UB SB CDDVIBI\B CD Cl `DB\CIIBl @CD0\ICD CCl
DO]C\D CD CUCS\ICD. L IDOlCDB UCCB SDlIICBISB CDD lB U\IlIZBCICD CBl
CISBRD BSIS\ICD DI DICBDBCDI, CBCD UC Cl DDCCD BD LP CC UDB CS\IUC\U
IB BIUI\BC\CDICB yB VIBDB CBIDICD DI UDB SCIIC CB DBIBCIDDBS. DI CjCD~
lD, UD IlBI IBCDDCD SB IDCUCB DBCIBD\B BS SI@UIBD\BS IDS\IUCCIDDBS.
1. IOU]BI UDB lIDBB UB CBIDB Bl BIIl CBl IlBI.
Z. MBCBI @IIBI BSB lIDBB BIB @CDBIBI UDB SUCIICIB CC ICVDlUCICD.
. LjCICCI UDBS `SUOS\IBCCIDDBS ODDlBBDBS BIB CSCUlII CB\BllBS BD
Bl CUBID CB lB CDlUDDB.
Pl@UDDS BUB\BS CB SD|w0lB BDBCBDBD BS\B SCCUBDCIB y UBCBD ID~
ClUSD DDBI B CISDSICICD CCl USUBIID Cl CCCI@D IDDIDB\ICD UB lB CD

IICSDDCB. LD CSB CBSD, Bl IDID CCCI@D SC CDDVICf\B BD Cl `PN VII\UBl

CBl IlBI SC IDCCCB CB DBDCIB SIDIlBI BIB CIBBI \DCDS lDS ClBDCD\DS
CS\IUC\UIBlCS y DIDBDBD\BlBS CBl CCIICID).
BIB BD\BDCCI Bl BSD SI@UICD\B CBl IDCBSD, BS DBCBSBIID BD\CDCBI lDS
IIDCIIDS OBSICDS CBl `BDSBDICD\D DOlBCIDDBl, UD D0\DCD CB IBZDDB~
DICD\D U\IlIZBCD BD J DI lDS OIClD@DS UB SID\B\IZBIDD lBS \CDIIBS
CB LDBIlCS BIWID y CDI@ NBDCBl, CIBBDCD B BIIII CB BllDS lB VCISICD
DDCBIDB CB lB \BDIB CVDlU\IVB. C \IB\B CB UD D0\DCD CB BDSBDIBD\D
UB UBCC IBSUDIISB CD lB OIBVC IBSB` `MD CDSBI DUDCB CD \0IDIDDS CB
PCBD y LVB, SIDD BD \0IDIDDS CB CDDUDICBCBS ICIDCUC\IVBS DByDICS_
CS CBCII UB, BUDUB \DCB DIDB BVDlUCIDDBCB IDCBCC CB DI@BDISDDS
IDCIVICUBlBS, lB DOlBCICD, y DD Cl IDCIVICUD, BS lB DB\IIZ CC IDCUCCICD
CC lB DIDB. LB BIUI\BC\UIB CB CUBlUIBI lBD\B D BDIDBl CVDlUCIDDB
lBD\BDBD\B B DBCICB UC lDS @BDBS SB IDB@BD BD UDB DOlBCICD B
II\DDS CIBIBD\BS y CD CIS\ID\DS DDDBD\DS, CC DDCD UB SC SID\B\IZB
BD\BDBD\C UDB DUBVB DIDB BD Bl SBDD CB lB @IBD CDDUDICBC ICIDCUC~
\IVB.' LB lBCCICD BIB Bl CISBDD IDDIDB\ICD BS SIDlBDCD\B UC, UDB VCZ
BS\BOlBCICBS lBS IBlBCIDDCS CD\IB lDS @CDBS VIl\UBlBS y lDS IBS@DS CDIC~
IBDS VII\UBlCS CB UD BCIICID BD LP, CDDD SB IDCICBOB BD\BIIDIDCD\B,
UDB DOlBCICD CD\BIB y DD SClD `UDB BIC]B CB \BlBS CCIICIDS CBOBD
VBI lB UZ BD Cl DICBDBCDI. Ll BIUI\BC\D CBOBIIB BDBCII UD\DS BD lDS UB
lBS DU\BCIDDBS BSDD\BDBBS UCCBD DCUIIII B lB SBCUCDCIB CC DCIB~
CIDDBS CC LP. LD Bl CBSD CC UD IlBI, DI B]CDlD, SB CBOCIIBD \BDBI BD
CUBD\B BS IDDICIDDBS IClB\IVBS CB lB lIDCB IDICIBl, B CBD\ID CB ID\BCICD
y lB DIDB BD UC SB ICBlIZBD lBS SUOS\IBCCIDDBS ODDlBBDBS y BIDIII B
CSBS IDS\IUCCIDDCS DU\BD\BS UB SB IDB@UBD B ID\CIBC\CD CDlBC\IVB~
DBD\B B lD lBI@D CB VBIIBS @CDCIBCIDDBS.
Pl BDSBDIBD\D DOlBCIDDBl, BlBUZC BDBCB D\ID BS\IlD CD@DI\IVD, Bl
`BDSBDIBD\D ID\CDSIVD, UB, BD SU DIDB IBSBD\B, SB CCIIVB CB lB \BI~
DDCIDBDICB, BID \IBDB IBICCS \BD lB]BDBS CDDD lBS CB lB IlDSDIB \BI~
CDDCCIBVBl. LB CCIDICICD DDCBIDB CB UDB CBD\ICBC ID\CDSIVB SB VUBlVB
ClBIB CUBDCD SB CDD\IBS\B CDD SU DUBS\B, lB CBD\ICBC BX\BDSIVB, UB
IDClUyB DB@DI\UCBS \BD BDIlIBIBS CDDD lDD@I\UC, SUBIICIC y VDlUDBD.
LS\BS BBIBCBD CBIDICBS CDDD DB@DI\UCBS UB UBCCD SUOCIVICIISB BS~
BCIBlDBD\B, BS CCCII, UB UD VDlUDBD CB B@UB CIVICICD DI CDS, IDCUCB

ODS DBO!DS VDlDBDBS OB B_UB. DI DID lBOD, Bl BID!DD `!DBDS!VD` SB

fB!BIB B CBD!OBOBS CDDD BS OB lB BDBfBUfB, B IBS!0D lB VBlDC!
OBO, UB DD UBOBD SUOO!V!O!fSB CDDD BlBS, BS OBCII, UB ODS DIBOBS
OB UD VDlUDBD OB B_UB B " DD SB CDDV!BIBD BD ODS DBO!DS VDlDBDBS
B 40", S!DD BD ODS DBO!DS VDlDBDBS B lDS " DI!_!DBlBS. PUDUB BIB
BBUZB BSB BlB OB O!V!S!O!l!OBO BS !DDfBDB, BDOIBD DBCB D!DCB!B
BD DID IBS_D OB lBS CBD!OBOBS !DBDSIVBS. UDB O!BIBDC!B OB IDBDSIOBO
UB !BDOB BSDDBDBBDBDB B BB_BISB y, BD B! IDCBSD, IBCDDOUCB lD
lU]DS OB DBBIIB y BDBI_B. LD DIBS BlBOIBS, lBS O!BfBDC!BS OB !DBDS!~
OBO SDD O!BIBDCIBS fDOUCIVBS, UBSD UB OII!_BD IDCBSDS BD lDS UB
SB fDOUCB UDB O!VBIS!OBO OB DIDBS fBBlBS.' DI BjBDlD, Bl fDCBSD OB
BDOf!D_BDBS!S UB fDOUCB UD CUBID DUDBDD OB UD 0VUlD BI!l!ZBOD
BS UD fDCBSD O!I!_!OD DI O!BIBDC!BS OB !DBDS!OBO (O!BfBDC!BS OB CDD~
CBDIBC!0D UD!CB, OB OBDS!OBO D OB BDSI0D SUBI!C!Bl).
_UB S!_D!!CB BSD BIB B BIU!BCD: !_D!!CB UB, B DBDDS UB UDD lB~
VB

UD DDOBlD OB

LP lDS BlBDBDDS !DBDS!VDS OB lB !D_BD!BfB BSIUCUIBl,

OBSICBDBDB B OtSf!OUC!0D OB BSUBIZDS, UD BO!!C!D V!IUBl DD BVDlUC!D~
DBIB CDDD BO!!C!D. LD DfBS BlBOIBS, S! Bl IlBI BDBI!DIDBDB OBSCI!D
DD BSB V!DCUlBOD Bl IBSD OBl BO!!C!D CDDD UD BlBDBDD SUSBDBODI
O

B CBI_BS, BD lB BICBIB D CUBfB _BDBIBC!0D, BSB !lBI DOfB BBIBCBI

StUBOD OB Bl DBDBIB UB DD SBB CBBZ BjBfCBI SU UDC!0D OB IBDSD!!I
lBS CBI_BS OB CDDfBS!0D. Ll D!CD DDOD OB BSB_UfBI UB lDS BBDBDDS BS
UC
IBlBS DD !BIOBD SU UDC!0D y, DI BDD, OB UB Bl BOI!C!D DD !BIOB SU
VIBOIlIOBO CDDD BSfUCUfB BSBOB, BS !DBDBI IBfBSBDBI lB O!Sf!OUC!0D
OB BSUBIZDS. UDD OBOB DDSfBI UB !DS OB CDDCBDfBC!DDBS UBOBD D~
DBf BD Bl!_ID lB !DB_fIOBO OB lB BSIUCUfB OUIBDB Bl IDCBSD UB IBOUCB
_BDBS VtIUBlBS B CUBfDS. DI BjBDlD, BD Bl CBSD OB lDS DI_BD!SDDS IBBBS
S! UD 0DOI!0D BD OBSBIIDlSB DIDB BSfUCUIBlDBDB IDV!BOlB, D! S!U!BI
llB_BI3 B lB BOBO IBIDOUCIVB BD UB BSBIB SUjBD Bl IDCBSD OB SBlBCC!0D
DBUIBl. B lD DD!B BDBS. UD IDCBSD SID!lBI OBOBIB S!DUlBISB BD Bl DIOB~
DBODI BIB BSB_UIBI UB lDS IDOUCDS OB lB BVDlUC!0D V!IUBl SBBD V!BOlBS
BD BID!DDS OB !D_BD!BIB BSIUCUIBl BDBS OB SBI SUSCB!OlBS OB SBlBC~
C!0D DI Bl O!SBDBODI BD BID!DDS OB CBBC!OBO BSB!CB.
PSUDBDDS BDDIB UB SB DBD SB!SBCDD yB O!CDDS IBUBI!D!BDDS Bl

VBZ DI UD BIU!BCD !fBB UB DDB UD SD|W0lB BX!SBDB (UD BUBB

OB LP y DID OB !D_BDlBIB BSIUCUIBl) y BSCI!OB UD C0O!_D UB lDS UDB.

! Bl_U!BD U!S!BIB BDDIB DDBISB B U!l!ZBI lB BVDlUC!0D V!IUBl CDDD !DS~
IUDBDD OB OlSBDD, DOIB OBCBC!DDBISB DI Bl DBCDD OB UB Bl D!CD
BBl UB lB UBOB Bl SBI DUDBDD BS Bl jU!C!D BSB!CD. Ll BBl OBl O!SB~
DBODI SB DB IBDSDIDBOD (Bl_UDDS O!IBD OB_IBOBOD) BD Bl BU!VBlBDB
B UD CI!BODI OB CBOB\!DS OB CBIIBIBS. UBOB, ClBIBDBDB, UD CDDDDBDB
BIS!CD, BID BBDBS DBOB OB lB CIBB!V!OBO UB UDD !OBD!lCBIlB CDD Bl
OBSBIIDllD OB UD BS!lD BIS!CD BISDDBl. PUDUB lDS BSl0_BDBS BCUBlBS
SDOIB |B `DUBfB OBl BUDI y lBS BC!UOBS CDDfB lB `V!S!0D IDDBD!CB OBl
_BDID BSBD DUy BD OD_B, BSBID UB SB IBB OB UDB BSB BSB]BIB j UB
lBS CUBSIDDBS OBl BS!lD BISDDB VUB!VBD B CDOIBI IBlBVBDC!B. _LSBIBD
BSDS BUDIBS SB!SBCDDS CDD Bl BBl OB CI!BODIBS OB DIDBS V!I\UBlBS:
ND BS UB DBSB BDDIB Bl IDCBSD DByB SIOD BD DDOD Bl_UDD IU!DBI!D.
BSUBS OB DOD, Bl DDOBlD OB LP DIl_!DBl OBOB ODBISB OB UDDS OB
DUBC!0D BD lDS lU_BIBS ]USDS, lD UB !Dl!CB OBC!S!DDBS OB O!SBDD j
DUCDB CIBB!VIOBO BIB V!DCUlBI lDS BlBDBDDS DIDBDBDBlBS j BSIUC~
UIBlBS OB DBDBIB BID!BOB. LD CUBlU!BI CBSD, DOD BSD UBOB lB]DS
OB lDS IDCBSDS OB OlSBDD BD UB SB OBSBIIDllB UD BS!lD D!CD.
ND DOSBDB, BX!SB DIB BlB OBl IDCBSD BD lB UB lBS CUBSlDDBS BS~
!llS!CBS S!_UBD S!BDOD CIUC!BlBS, BUDUB BD UD SBD!OD O!BIBDB Bl OBl
OISBDD CDDD. LXl!CBI BSD !Dl!CB fBBI B CDlBC!0D Bl BICBI BlBDBDD
OB lB !!DSDB OB BlBUZB SDOIB lB _BDBS!S OB lB DIDB. Bl BDSBD!BDD
DDl0_!CD. UDB DIDB OB IDIDOUC!I BSB DBDBIB OB BDSBI BS CDDIBSBI
|DS IBSUlBODS DOBDIODS DI lDS BI!SBS DBO!BDB Bl Bl_DI!DD _BDBICD
CDD BUBllDS DOBD!ODS DI lB BVDlUC!0D O!Dl0_!CB. LUBDOD UDD DOSBIVB
lDS lD_fDS BISlCDS, lD DBS SDIfBDOBDB BS UB, UDB VBZ _BDBIBOBS Bl~
_UDBS DIDBS !DBIBSBDBS, lDS IDCBSDS BVDlU!VDS BIBCBD B_DBf SUS
DS!O!l!OBOBS. !_UBD BBIBC!BDOD DUBVBS DIDBS, BID IBSUlBD OBB~
S!BOD BIBCOBS B lBS DI!_!DBlBS, CDDD S! Bl BSBClD DSlOlB BIB Bl OtSB~
PD, UD BSBC!D BXlDIBOD DI Bl IDCBSD, SB B_DBIB. LSD CDDIBSB CDD
lB !DCIBOlB IDOUCIVIOBO CDDO!DBDIIB OB DIDBS DBUIBlBS, CDDD lDS
D!lBS OB `O!SBDDS BIU!BC0D!CDS DIl_!DBlBS QUB BXD!OBD lDS CUBIDS
OB DS VBIBOIBODS D lDS !DSBCDS. PUDUB lDS O!0lD_DS DD !BDBD UDB
BXl!CBCI0D CDDClUyBDB BIB BSB DBCDD, UDB DS!OlB BIDX!DBCI0D B lB
CUBS0D DOfB OBfSB B IBVBS OB lB DDC!0D OB UD `lBD CDIDIBl.

LDHD VBI\BOIBODS, lB BIUI\BC\UIB OB HUBS\IDS CUBIDS [UB CDHOIHB

DUBSDS UB BOSDIOBH lBS CBI_BS B CDHIBSIDH y HSCUlDS UB \IBOB~
]BH B \IBCCIDH) HDS CDHVIBI\B BH BI\B OB lB DylUH LDIOB\B. Ll \0IHIHD
DyUH SB IBIBIB B UHB IBDB OBl BIODI OB IB BVDlUCIDH [lB IIHBIB OI~
UICBCIDH \IBS lDS IBIHDS` BHIHBl y VB_B\Bl), BID \BHOI0H CDHllBVB lB
IOBB OB UH lBH CDIDIBl CDHBI\IOD, HBCB IBBIBHCIB B UH VB!\BOIBOD
BOS\IBC\D` UB, SI SB ODOlB y BHIDllB BH SBCUBHCIBS BI\ICUlBIBS OUIBH~
\B lB BDOIID_0HBSIS, OB BSD B UH BlBBH\B UB, IB\DICIOD y BS\IIBOD BH
D\IB SBCUBHCIB, IDOUCB UHB ]IIBB y UB, BH D\IB SBCUBHClB OB DBIB~
CIDHBS IH\BHSIVBS, OB IB B SBIIBH\BS, B_UIIBS, \IOUIDHBS y HUHBHDS.
BIB OBCIIlD OB D\ID HDOD, BXIS\BH BlBHBH\DS OB OISBDD OBl VBI\BOIBOD
BOS\IBC\D`, CDPD lDS \B\IBDODS, UB UBOBH VBISB IBBlIZBODS BH BS\IUC~
\UIBS \BH OIBIBH\BS CDHD lB BZUDB OBI CBOBllD, Bl BlB OB UH B]BID D
B HBHD CDH UI_BI DUBS\D OB UH DUHBHD. BOD UB lB IDDICIDH OB
BSDS HIBHOIDS, BS CDHD Bl HDBID y DIHB OB SUS OBODS, BS VBIIBOlB,
SU lBH CDIDIBl CDHH HD UBOB IHClUII HIH_UHD OB BSDS OB\BIIBS. LH
D\IBS BlBOIBS, lB DIHB OBl IDOUC\D IHBl UH CBOBIlD, UH BjBID D UH
HUHBHD IBBlBS CDH\IBHB lDH_I\UOBS, BIBBS y VDIHBHBS BSBCICDS.
ND DOS\BH\B, Bl lBH CDIDIBI HD UBOB VBISB OBIHIOD BH BSDS \0IHIHDS
y OBOB SBI lD OBS\BH\B BOS\IBC\D BIB IBSUl\BI CDHB\IOlB CDH HUCDBS
CDHOIHBCIDHBS OIS\IH\BS OB BSBS CBH\IOBOBS BX\BHSIVBS. BlBUZB U\IIIZB
IDS \0IHIHDS OIB_IBHB BOS\IBC\D` D HUl\IlICIOBO VlI\UBl` BIB IBBIII
SB B IBS BH\IOBOBS CDHUHBS OBl lBH CDIDIBl OB IDS VBI\BOIBODS, BID SU
CDHCB\D IHClUyB \BHOI0H lDS lBHBS CDIDIBlBS OB BH\IOBOBS IHDI_BHI~
CBS CDHD lBS HUOBS D IBS HDH\BDBS."
_QU0 \ID OB IBCUISDS \BDIICDS HBCBSI\BHDS BIB BHBlIZBI BSDS OIB_IB
HBS BOS\IBC\DS: LH HB\BHB\ICBS, lDS BSBCIDS BH lDS CUBIBS \0IHIHDS
CDHD lDH_I\UO` D SUBIICIB CDHS\I\UyBH HDCIDHBS UHOBHBH\BlBS SB
OBHDHIHBH BSBCIDS H0\IICDS. LB CDHDCIOB _BDHB\IB BUClIOIBHB BS UH
B]BHlD OB BS\B \ID OB BSBCtDS, \BHIBHOD BH CUBH\B UB BS _BDHB~
\IBS HD BUClIOIBHBS, UB U\IIIZBH BSBCIDS CUIVDS BH lU_BI OB lBHDS, SDH
\BHOI0H H0\IICBS. DI D\ID lBOD, BXIS\BH _BDHB\IBS BH UB BSBS HDCID~
HBS HD SDH OBSICBS, UBS\D UB IDCBSBH DBIBCIDHBS UB HD IBSBIVBH
lDH_I\UOBS D BIBBS. LDS BIUI\BC\DS BS\BH BHIIIBIIZBODS CDH, Bl HBHDS,
UHB OB BllBS, IB _BDHB\IB IDyBC\IVB, CUBHOD lB USBH BIB IDyBCCIDHBS

BISBC\IVBS. LH BSB CBSD, lB DBIBCIDH OB IDyBCCIDH UBOB BX\BHOBI

D IBOUCII lDH_I\UOBS y BIBBS, OB HBHBIB UB 0SBS HD SDH yB lBS HDCIDHBS
OBSICBS. LH CBHOID, BS IDIBOBOBS UB UBOBH I]BOBS OB[D lB IDyBC~
CIDH UBOBH HD VBISB IBSBIVBOBS BH D\IBS DIHBS OB _BDDB\IB, CDDD
lB _BDHB\IB OIBIBHCIBl D lB \DDlD_B. LBS DBIBCIDHBS BIHI\IOBS DI
BS\B \IHB, CDHD lB OB BS\IIBISB SIH IDHBISB y ODOlBISB SIH B_BISB,
SDlD IBSBIVBH UHB SBIIB OB IDIBOBOBS IHVBIIBOlBS BOS\IBC\BS. LSBS
IHVBIIBH\BS \DDlD_ICBS CDHD lB OIHBHSIDHBlIOBO OB UH BSBCID D SU
CDHBC\IVIOBOSDH IBCISBHBH\B lDS BlBDBH\DS UB HBCBSI\BHDS BIB
BHBZBI B BHSBI SDOIB lBHBS CDIDIBBS D, OB HBHBIB H8S _BHBIBl,
OIB_IBHBS BOS\IBC\DS. LS\B ClBID UB Bl \lD OB BS\IUC\UIB BSBClBl U0
OBIHB UH lBH CDIDIB HD UBOB SBI H0\IICD, UBS\D UB lBS DBIBCID
HBS BHOIIDlD_ICBS UBOBH IDOUClI UHB _IBH VBIIBOBO OB CUBIDS BCB
OBODS, CBOB UHD CDH SU BS\IUC\UIB H0\IICB OIBIBHIB. DI BllD, lDS lBHBS
CDIDIBlBS OBOBH SBI \DDlD_ICDS.
VDVIBHOD Bl Bl_DII\HD _BH0IICD, SI lBS BS\IUC\UIBS BIUIIBC\DHICBS
BVDlUCIDHBOBS OBOBH OISIU\BI OBl HISHD _IBOD OB IDOUCIIVIOBO CDHOI
HB\DIIB UB lBS OIDlD_ICBS, \BHOIBH \BHOI0H UB BHBZBI CDH Bl OlB_IB
HB BOBCUBOD, UH BOIICID BOS\IBC\D` BUIVBlBH\B Bl VBI\BOIBOD BOS
\IBC\D. llB_BODS B BS\B UH\D, Bl BB\ OBl OISBDBODI VB HBS Bll8 OBl
OB CIlBODI`, CDH BI\IS\BS OIBIBH\BS OISBBHOD OIB_IBDBS \DDlD_lCDS
OIBIBH\BS CDH SU IIHB BISDHBl. LH CUBlUIBI CBSD, Bl IDCBSD OB OIS0
DD OIBIIIB OBS\BH\B OBl \IBOICIDHBl UB DBIB CDH BSBCIDS H0\IICDS. B
DBCDD, BS OBHBSIBOD IDH\D BIB OBCII CDH IBCISIDH U0 \ID OB HB\D
ODID_B OB OISBDD SBIB HBCBSBIIB CUBHOD UHD HD UBOB U\IllZBI lDH_I\U
OBS D IHCUSD IDDICIDHBS I]BS CDDD BlBHBH\DS BS\0\ICDS, SIHD BDyBI
SB BH UIBS CDHBC\IVIOBOBS [y D\IBS IHVBIIBHIBS \DDlD_ICBS). IH BHOBI
_D, BS\B ClBID UB SIH BllD Bl BSBCID OB DSIOIIIOBOBS BH UB lB BVDlUClDH
VII\UBl OUSCB B CIB_BS IBSUl\BIB OBHBSlBOD DOIB BIB SU U\IlIZBCIDH.
B BS\B HDOD, lDS BIUI\BC\DS UB UIBIBH U\IlIZBI Bl HUBVD IHS\IUHBH
\D OB lDS Bl_DII\HDS _BH0\ICDS OBOBIBH HD SDlD CDHVBI\IISB BH IIB\BS
IHDIHB\ICDS [BIB DOBI CIBBI BI CDOI_D HBCBSBIID UB IBHB BSBC\DS
BX\BHSIVDS B IH\BHSIVDS), SIHD \BDOI0H SBI CBBCBS OB IIB\BBI` lB OIDlD
_B, lB \BIHDOIHBHICB, lBS HB\BHB\ICBS y DIIBS BIBBS OB lB CIBHClB BIB
BXlD\BI \DODS lDS IBCUISDS HBCBSBIlDS. DI BSCIHBH\B UB UBOB SBI lB

lOBB OB `IlB

I

BOlClDS OBD\ID OB UD DIOBDBODI, BS\B CBID UB lB SlDlB
\BCDDlD_IaOI_I:B

, SID B! BDSBDlBD\D DDlBClDDBl, D\BDSlVD y \DDlD_lCD

DUDCB SBIB SUICIBD\B
:
g,_

-
,
.

+
.

-
-,-
.

,,,

,.. --.. .-,---.--..--++.

.+.+

-+.+.---..,..+.+-.+-+.-.-....-..j ,.---.+
.
.
,-y .-..-..-..---.---...-.,.+-.--.--+-+-..-..--+-

--.s
___
._

_
.

s-...
,
-....---.,.--.---.+---...-...-..----.s+
...s-+-

-
.. -.....+-..-.-.+.++-,-,.,..s-....+-.-.----+--.-
_
@ ...s-,.. . ,...+-..--,.....-+.---..-.+-.+.-.

.
.--+-+-.-..--..+--..,..+.+-.........s-+-.-.,-.,- -...
---
+

.-.,.+-.,-.......--...---.+---...-..a-.-..-a..-.,a..-.`

.
_
-..-

.-.-.-...--,--.+--.+-v-.. ....1980 ..-.s-..--

- .-.-..-,.-.--y -.,.----s+-.. ---.,..--...2000, -,bb).
a---..---.+.-.+.+..+.-.++ +
,.-.-+.+--.+.+-j { . +
. .--- . +..,--..+---..-..,.-..-,-.-
s
... . ---.
'
.---..---s----.---.-------...-..- |
-
_
--j .. i.c.+.--s----.----..-.+-.,...+.+,-..,.-.---.--+.--.
-
+
+---.`
-

..-,-+-.-,.-.,.----...--...--.+-.--s+---.+-+---...
a..-.
_

__

--.-..

---....,-.s-.,---...+---...+----.+.+a-.-..-

----.-..--, -..-.e-.-..-.+--.-.- ..198 . s

-...-..
_

_
---.-y ---..---...a.---.-..2002}.
. .-.
'
-...
__
-
-
@
_
.
,
.
-

-,--

,.-.-

++s-,---y ,.-.-,=...-.t.-..---,-.---.---..-.
-... .-.. -!992.

s-..-.-...-.-.,.-..-....---.-.....-.-s

---s..-.,--.---....+.-.s----.--....,.-.
,

s
-
-
`
--.y --,-....-...,-.---,--,--- j { . .
-
.-.s-v.-.-.+.,.-. + +
. .- ,.-..-....-...,..
-,-- .-------+-...--..,+-|
&
__.
,

__

,+-.-..----+-.,.-...+.-..a-.-..-.a..-.
.
,...
.
`.
1C
Ioe]odgtIdeztosdesus
IBD PlBD
ZD
`UI_B OB Dl l_DDIBDClB, Dl BSBD\DSB l_DDIBDClB OB
DUDOD, SDDIB \DOD OB Dl BD\DIDD lDDBOB\D, gUl0D
SBDB CDDD UDClDDB lB DDDDlllB, lDS IDCBSDS lDOUS~
\IlBlBS D lDS IDCBSDS SlCDS, B0C\IlCDS
DDy LIB__
1B DBCB DBS OB UDB O0CBOB OBSOB UB SB llBVBIDD B CBDD lDS IlDB~
IDS BXBIlDBD\DS UB BDIBDOlBIDD UDB SBIlB OB IDCBSDS DUBVDS OB
OlSBDD BD B BIU\BC\UIB. lIl_lOBS DI IDBSlDDBlBS y \BDIlCDS CDDD
lIBDK . BDIy, IB_ LyDD D BIDBIO LBCDB, lBS BSCUBlBS OB BIUt\BC~
\UIB BS\BODUDlOBDSBS LDlUDDlB, L!~PIC y ULLP, BD\IB D\IBS) UBIDD
lBS IDBIBS BD IBBUlBI SU lDIBBS\IUC\UIB \BCDDlD_lCB y SUS D0\D~
ODS ODCBD\BS. Ll BjBIClClD OB lB IDBSDD lBS Sl_UlD OB CBICB y, DBClB
DBOlBODS OB lB O0CBOB OB J, BDBI_lD UD DUBVD VlI\UDSlSDD Bl \D~
DBI lDS BIUl\BC\DS IBS\BODS Bl SDlW0lB y lBS \0CDICBS OB lB BDlDB~
CIDD ClDBDB\D_IBlCB y |B IDOUS\IlB BBIDDBU\lCB. L! DIOBDBODI DlZD UB
lB CDDlBjlOBO BIBClBIB SBDClllB y lDS OlSBDBODIBS SB OBjBIDD BSClDBI
DI lB DUBVB lBS\lClOBO UB BIDl\BD lBS \0CDlCBS OB DDOBlBOD lUlOD.
LB CBBClOBO OB \IBZBI lDS VBC\DIBS lDVlSlDlBS OB lU_BI y ID_IBDB BDl~
DD UDB DDIB OBlDlOB DI SUS IDCBSDS _BDBIBODIBS, SB_D Bl OD_DB OB
PICy JDDDSDD OB UB `lB DIDB BS UD OlB_IBDB OB UBIZBS`. LD BS~
\BS BSBS lDlClBlBS, Bl BBC\D OB lB \BCDDlD_B O_l\Bl UB IlDClBlDBD\B
DIDBl y SB CBIBC\BIlZD DI UD lD\BI0S DI lBS SUBIlClBS CDD\lDUBS y
lBS DIDBS DlDDDIlCBS CDDlBjBS. ND DDS\BD\B, lB DDVBOBO OB lB ID~
..--.s.-t--+,...--,.-~--,-...-.--.aa.b .-,---c-,-.--.s.-..
-..2005, ,.,.93-99.
1d
OUCCD SB CDDVIII IBOBDBDIB BD IDUlB B DBOOB UB SB CDOCB~
OBD lBS ICDCBS. LD UB BD IDCIID DBOB SIOD UD BXBIDBDID IBOCBl
BCBO CDDVIIDODSB BD fDOUCID OB DBSBS B SB_UI DIIBS BSCUBlBS .a
SBDOB OB DS IIDBIDS BXlDIBODIBS. LDS [VBDBS fDBSDIBS UB SBOBD
OB DIODBoDIBS SB BDCDDIIBIDD CDD UDB _IBD OBDBDOB IDBSDDBl y Bl
BIBDOIZBjB OB USD OB lB IBCDDlD_B O_IBl SB CDDVIII BD BIIB DIB_fBl
OB lB BOUCBCD BIUIIBCIDICB.

D OUOB, BD lB BCIUBlOBO Bl BSIUOD OB OSBDD IBDB UD BSBCID DUy
OIBfBDIB Bl OB DBCB OBZ BDDS, lD UB DB llBVBOD B CIBfIB BUIDSBIlSBC~
CD, SBlCBOB OB BlBIDBDIBS BDUDCDS OB DIIDS CBDODS OB BIBOI_~
DB. ND DOSIBDIB, lBS BXIBSDDBS DfDBlBS y lBS IUIDBS lBODfBlBS OBl
OSBDD O_IBl yB DD IBSUlIBD DDVBODSBS. Ll DIOBDBODI BS UD BlBDBDID
BDlBI OBl BSIUOD OB OSBDD. LD UD DDDBDID BD UB DDDS lDS BOCDS
SB OSBDBD DI DIOBDBODI, DBCBI BXlCIDS lDS IDCBSDS OBl OSBDD O_
IBl yB DD BIBCB UDB IBIBB UI_BDIB.
LS BCl DlVOBf UB Bl IBIIBDD OBl IfBOB[D OB DDDVBCD BD lB OCBOB
OB VBDB IBBIBDODSB UDB OCBOB BDIBS, BD UD DDDBDID BD UB
Bl BCCBSD IBBl B lB IBCDDlD_B DDfDBICB BSIBOB BD UBIB OBl BlCBD~
CB OB lB DByDIB OB lDS OSBDBODIBS BXBfDBDIBlBS. LD lB OCBOB OB
issa, lDS OBSBCDDS OB lBS _IBDOBS CDIDIBClDDBS DBOBD BODIBOD lDS
SISIBDBS OB LP CDDD DBCBDSDD BIB IBCDDBlZBI lB fDOUCCD OB
ODCUDBDIDS, BID IBDID lDS DIOBDBODIBS CDDD Bl SDIW0IB BIBD CBIDS
lBIDS OIiClBS OUSBI. LDDD IBSUlIBOD, BD BS BIBBS DCBlBS |OB[:
lB hlUBDCtB OBl CtOBIUDK y OB lB OBCDDSIIUCCD), lDS VDCUlDS OB lB
OSClDB BIUIBCIDCB CDD lB IBCDDlD_B DDIDBICB UBIDD UDOB~
DBDIBDBDIB DBIBICDS. P DBOIOB UB SB BXIBDO Bl BCCBSD B D~
|BIDBI, DUCDDS BIUIBCIDS UBOBIDD BSCDBODS DI Bl DIBDCBl OB lB
DIBICDDBCIVOBO BD IBO, D IOBDIIOBO BISDDBl lUOB, UB BSB IBCDD~
D_B BDBI_BDIB IDDBIB. LDS BIUIBCIDS DIBDIBIDD CBIUIBI Bl_D OB
:SB DUBVB SBDSOlOBO B IIBVS OB IDyBCIDS BXBIDBDIBlBS B DSIBlB~
DDBS, UB B VBCBS DCDIDIBOBD DB_DBIB O_IBl. ID BDOBI_D, _B~
lBIBlDBDIB BSDS IDyBCIDS BCBOBOBD llBVBDODSB B CBOD CDD SSIBDBS
DDVBDCDDBlBS.
Pl IIBZBI lB OIBVB DSIDIB OBl OSBDD O_IBl BS _UBlDBDIB DDIIBDIB
BSIBCBI UB Bl_UDDS BIUIBCIDS, CDDD IBSIDD CDII LDDBD D IB_

LyDD, UB DBS IBIOB SB OBDICBIBD CDD lB DOIB OBl OlSBDD O_IBl, BS~
IBOBD DDBISDS BD lDVBSIl_BCDDBS BCBfCB OB lB CDDlB[OBO DIDBl y
lB _BDDBIIB OBSCIIVB 0DIBS OB IBDBI BCCBSD Bl DIOBDBODI. LSBS D~
VBSI_BCDDBS IBlDDBIBS lBS IDDICDDBIDD UDB UBIIB OBSB CDDCB~
IUBl SDOIB lB UB IBDIIZBI CDD lBS DUBVBS ICDICBS OB OlSBDD O_IBl B
BIII OB lB OBDCD OB lB IDB BIUlIBCIUIB CDDD OSClDB. B BSB
DDOD, Bl OSBDD O_IIBl SB CBIBCIBIZ Df OBDIDBCDDBS y IIBDSDIDB~
CDDBS OB IDlIVBS _BDDIICBS, y lDS IDCBSDS OB OSBDD SB BDIBD
OIBIDD CDDD UDB lDSCICD OB Sl_DCBOD BD Bl DO[BID DBOlBDIB SBIlBS
OB DBIBCDDBS DIDBlBS IBBIIVBS, CBOB VBZ DBS SlDlCBOBS Df Bl
DIOBDBODI. LB SDlSICBClD OB lDS IDCBSDS OB OSBDD SB OBDIC B SU
VBZ CDD lB CIBCBDIB CDDlB[IOBO OBl IDD DO[BID. LSB BSIICB OB lD D~
II CBOD y OB lB CDDlB[lOBO DIDBl BDCDDII SU BUVBlBDIB BIBCID BD
lBS DUBVBS ICDCBS OB OSBDD BSSIOD DI DIOBDBODI. LD BSB SBDIOD,
lB IBCDDD_B DDIDBICB IBSDDOB B UDB SBIB OB IDOlBDBS UB yB SB
DBOBD OBDOD BD Bl SBDD OB lB OSClDB y IIBZ UDB DUBVB _BDBBlD_B
OB lB CDDIDUOBO y lB CDDlB[OBO.
BDDIB, IIBS UDB IBDSIDIB OB VDCUlDS DBIBflCDS y UDB BSB BX~
BIDBDIBl BD lB OCBOB OB BD lB UB SB BSIBOlBCBIDD lDS fDCB~
SDS, BDIIBDDS BD UDB IBICBIB BSB BD DUBSIIB fBlBCD CDD lB IBCDDlD_B
O_IBl, UDB BSB UB OBSCfOIB CDDD OB CDDSDlOBCD y BXIBDSD OB
lBS DSOOBOBS OB lD OI_IIBl, UDB BSB B lB VBZ DBS DBOUIB y DBDDS
CDDlB[B. IBCBS B UDB DUBVB _BDBIBClD OB BfUIBCIDS UB DBD SOD
BOUCBODS IDIBlDBDIB BD Bl I_DBD O_lIB DI UD lBOD y, DI DIID, B lB
IDBIB _BDBIBCD OB BfUlIBCIDS DIDBODS BD lD O_lIBl UB S_UBD
BVDUCDDBDOD BD SU DIDB OB BDSBI, Bl DIOBDBODI BDBZB B IBDBI UD
DBCID DBS IBD_OlB B DDBOBID. LSDS OSBDBODIBS SB DUBSIIBD fB_~
DBICDS BD IBlBCD B lB DOBIDSB CBBCOBO OBl DIOBDBODI OB IDOUCI
BBCIDS B IDDDVBCDDBS DIDBlBS y, B SU VBZ, DBDIlBDBD UDB DSClD
IBBlSIB BD IBlBCD B SUS lDlIBCDDBS ICDCBS y IDCBSBlBS. LSDS OSB~
DBODIBS BDCUBDIIBD DIBDClBlBS BD DBZClBS DBSBIBOBS OB lD O_IBl y
lD BDBl_CD, lD IBBl y lD VIIUBl, lD CDDVBDClDDBl y lD BDIBSICD.
LDS OSBDBODIBS BCIUBlBS DBS BVBDZBODS SB BDIBDIBD Bl DIBDCBl BS~
IIBI_lCD y DBIBIVD OBl DIOBDBODI OB UDB DIDB UB DCD IBDB UB VBI
CDD lB DCDIDIBCD llIBIBl OB lBS IBCDDlD_BS Ol_IBlBS, BID UB _UBI

OB I0lBC!DD CCD lBS DU0VBS CIHBS O0 0DSBI U0 DBD SUI_!OC B IBZ O0

lB0D0\IBCIDDO0lBS\0CDClC_BS0DI0O0D\COCS!CSBS0C\CSO0 DU0S~
\IB V!OB O!BI!B. U_I0I0D U0 !C S!_DI!CB\!VC DC SCD !BS DU0VBS CIHBS
U0 0l SClW0I0 O0 O!S0DC O!_!lB! ICHU0V0, S!DC lCS DU0VCS HCOCS O0
0j0IC!C!C IC0SICDB! U0 0IH!\0 lB \0CDClC_B O!_!\Bl. LB CIHB CS00
UD CI_BD!SHC CO0ICSC U0 lCHB SU !U_BI ]UD\C B CU0S\!CD0S O0 CCH~
CI\BH!0D\C, CI_BD!ZBC!DD 0 !DV0DC!DD O0 USCS. LBS DU0VBS 0S\IB\0_!BS
O0 U0S\B 0D IBC\ICB VBD HBS B!!B O0 !B lIBO!CICDB! I0lBC!DD 0DlI0 BI~
U!l0C\C, Cl!0D\0yCCDSlIUC\CIBIBS!\UBI0lCICICBIU!\0C\DDICC0DUD
lU_BI HBS 0S\IB\B_ICC. CI 0j0H!C, !CS BIU!\0C\CS U0 CCDlIClBD lCS
H0O!CSO0BOIICBC!DDOI_!\BIU0O0DBSBICI0DC!HBO0l CCDSlIUClCI
y \IB\BI O!I0ClBH0Dl0 CCD !B HBU!DB. |IB_HB\!CB, !DV0D\IVB y O!I0C\B,
BSlB 0S UDB BICXIHBC!DD HUCDC HBS CCDV0D!0D\0 B lB DBO!l!OBO IDCI~
HBlICB 0D OIS0DC O!_!lB!, U0 S0 0D\!0DO0 BDCIB CCHC DICBH0D\0 UDB
HBSO0 0D\I0 lBS HUCDBS!D\0l!_0DC!BSO0l O!S0DC.
LS\B CCDV0D!0DC!B 0S _0D0IBC!CDBl 0D BI\0 y 0D BI\0 \BHOIBD 0S
ICOUC\C O0l BVBDC0 O0 lBS IC!BS l0CDClC_BS. LD !BS OBCBOBS O0
1 y 1, 0l CIO0DBOCI HBD\0DB UD 0S\B\US O0 CUl\C O!V!OB lBBI~
U!\0C\UIB 0D\I0 CI0y0D\0S y 0SCB\ICCS, UD HUDOC O0 IC0lBS, OIS~
CU!CS y CCDV0ISCS 0D\US!BS\BS. LCHC CUB!U!0I C\IC CUl\C, l0DB SU
!0D_UB]0 S0CI0\Cy SUSII\UBl0SI!VBOCS. LD lB BC\UBl!OBO, lC U0 OIS
\!D_U0 lB COIB CCD\0HCIBD0B HBS !D\0I0SBD\0 0S SU BC\!\UO BO!0I\B
DBCIB!Bl0CDClC_BOI_!lBl. LlD0IOW0I0 y0lSCIW0I0SCDOBIB\CS,BS0~
U!O!0S y BCIl0S O0 Ul!!!ZBI, !B l0CDClC_B OI_!\B! S0 DB VU0l\C, O0 D0
CDC, HBS O0HCCIB\ICB, Bl0]BDOCS0 O0 SUS CI_0D0S 0!!\IS\BS. LS O!CI!
CCDV0I\!I 0D 0\ICD0 Bl_C U0 S0 U\IlIZB B OIBIIC. LB DU0VB _0D0IBCIDD,
U0 DB CI0C!OC CCD !B \0CDClC_B O!_!\Bl, DB CI0BOC UD 0DCIH0 CU0I~
C O0CCDCC!H!0DlC. MCy0lCIO0DBOCI DC 0S UDB DU0VBl0CDClC_BU0
O0OB S0I C0l0OIBOB C O0CCDS\IU!OB, 0S UD S!H!0 D0CDC. U lD_!CB DB
SIOC\ClBlH0D\0BOSCIO!OBCI0l 0]0ICIC!CIC0S!CDBly0l 0DSBHI0D~
\CCCD\0HCIBD0C. LD !BS 0SCU0lBSO0 BIUI\0C\UIB, lCS0S\UO!BDl0Sy
IC0SCI0S]DV0D0SSCDlCSHBSV0ISBOCS0D 0S\BS DU0VBS\0CDClC_BS.
1B DC S0 O0]BD S0OUC!I CI SUS 00C\CS CIHB!0S Dl IDlIH!OBI CI SUS
OI!CUIlBO0SyDBD CUl\IVBOCUDBI0lBC!DD HBS DB\UIBlCCDlBSl0CDC!C~
_BS O!SCDIOl0S.

P V0C0S UD B\IDD 0S HBS BC!l O0 I0CCDCC0I 0D C\ICS CBHCS. N0

_US\BIB O0SlBCBI IB!OBH0D\0 \I0S 0]0HlCS O0 C!ClCSU0H0BSCH~
OIBDCIlCIBZCDBOl0, IDV0DllVCy BO0CUBOC0DlBU\!llZBC!DDO0lBS \0C~
DClC_BS O!_!\Bl0S O0D\IC O0 lBS lD_!CBS O0 SU lC!B O!SC!llDB. COBS
SCD I0lB]BOBSg IB_HBl!CBS, HBS !D\0I0SBOBS 0D lBCCDS0CU0DC!B U0
0D lBCCDS!S\0DC!B.
`NC CCDUDOBSlCVBl!CSCCCD lC S!Hl0H0D\0 O!Cll.
[IBS0 O0UDB_Bll0\BO0 lBSU0I\0.)
L lDIC0l0Cf0DC0 C0DIf8 l8 HQf0S0D S0@D 00H8DU8
N!0D\IBS U0 lBS _IBDO0S CCHBDBS H0O!B\!CBS Sl_U0D ICHCVl0DOC
\0CDClC_BSO0l!OIC0l0ClIDD!CC=0U0DCSBI\0BC\CS 0D CIHBO0 ll~
OICCCDBD\BllBSO0\0X\C, lCS!D_0D!0ICS!DO00DO!0D\0Sy0U0DCS
0HI0SBI!CS DBDO0SBIICllBOCIC\C\!CSUDClCDBl0SBIB lB!HI0D\B
B OCH!C!l!C. 0 \IB\B O0 HBU!DBS ll_0IBS y CI\B\!l0S CBBC0S O0 OB~
]BI CCD\0D!OC O0 Dl0ID0\, !HI!H!IlCy 0DCUBO0IDBI UDl!DIC O0 OClSlllC
O0C0D\0 [y DC0l 0D_CIICSCHCDlDD O0 DC]BSU0SBCBSO0 lB !HI0SCIB
lBS0I) 0D UDCS OCC0 HIDU\CS. LD 0Sl0 CBSC, lCS BVBDC0S \0CDClD_!CCS
\I0D0DHBSU0V0ICCDUDCSCCDCClHl0D\CSIBC\!CCS O0lD_0D!0IBU0
CCDUDSClW0I0C\0CDClC_B!DC!HB\!CB CCHl0]CS. LlBO0lBD\C I0S!O0
0D lB!D\0l!_0DC!B0S\IB\B_!CBU0CCHO!DBlBS\0CDClC_BSV!0]BSy DU0~
VBS O0CIHB !DDCVBOCIB. LlC\0DC!Bl, O!_BHCS, O0 !DCI0H0D\BIlBBlB~
O0\!ZBC!DD 0D BI0BS I0HC\BS OCDO0 0S O!IC!l 0DV!BI l!OICS [y OCDO0 lCS
BI\0BClCS lDCIHB\!CCS0DCIHBO0llOICO!_!\Bl]BHBSSCOI0V!V!IBD)0S
0DCIH0. Pl_UDCSCOS0IVBOCI0SO0lBlDOUS\I!B0O!\CI!BlSU_l0I0DU00l
00C\C U0O0 S0I CCHBIBOl0 B lB !D\ICOUCClDD O0l l!OIC O0 OClS!llC O0
CBl!OBO 0D B OBCBOB O0 1.

uc oses sottwate, tccc e| oco |o t/ee.'

0uce vau
N0HSfIU0S .. ceota W0KH@ t||e
uto eje|o ovocadot es |a e||cu|a de 0|chatd c|ok|atet, ooig
|/e |Z001), uo ei|cu|a sooota , s|o atgueoto t||ada eo vdeo d|g|ta|
coo actotes teaies, eo esac|os ea|es, aovecbaodo |a escotaoe|-
dad de |tov|sac|o ue |a tecoo|og|a de| v|deo et|te. 0t|||zaodo
sc/twore de baja tecoo|og|a desatto||ado ot e| d|tectot de atte 0ob
sab|stoo, se coov|tt|, v|deogtaa a v|deogtaa, eo uoa e||cu|a ao|-
ada. t d|teteoc|a de |as obtas tcduc|das eo estud|cs de tecoooc|do
est|g|o (|xa, o ejeto, eo |os ue se ded|cao eootes caot|da-
des de oteoc|a |otoat|ca , vastos ecutsos de etscoa| ata bacet
|as taotas|as ao|adas |o as ea|es os|b|e, e| etecto au| es uoa
|oestab|e ezc|a eotte |o tea| , |o v|tuai. co e| esu|tado t|oa|, |o ea|
ba adu|t|do uo a|te taotastico, eto s|o etde ouoca de| todo |a tex-
tuta de |a ea||dad.
ca te|sa ue e|te |a ao|ac|o cooveoc|ooa| (eoseos eo
vcstocs s.., tab|eo de Z001) es |a c|as|ca coosecuc|o de vetos||
||tud. s| ex|st|etao |os oosttuos eootes , e|udos, teodt|ao exacta-
eote ese asecto. | e|o oodea a |a etecc|o, ios ate|a|es tet|ejao
ia |uz coo tea||so , e| soo|do aatece |ecab|eeote s|ocoo|zado.
se ba bottado cua|u|et |ocoos|steoc|a ue ud|eta desbacet e| becb|-
zo. o ooi|g |/e, ot ei coottat|o, |os actotes ca|oao , se ueveo coo
oatuta||dad. se coosetvao todas |as dudas e |ocett|dubtes de| d|scutso
d|at|o. cos toodos aot|eoeo todo e| tu|do v|sua| , |a textuta deta||ada
de |a v|da tea|. e| co|ejo juego de |uz , tet|ejo, |a o|vot|eota ea||-
dad ostutbaoa de |as ioca||zac|ooes eo tust|o, 1exas, doode se t|i
|a a,ot atte de |a e||cu|a. T, auo as|, oad|e toa|a |as |ageoes de
ooig |/e ot tea|es. uo ba, au| o|oguoa teteos|o de vetos||||tud.
ca tea||dad de |a e||cu|a es uo a|saje oo|t|co, uoa tea||dad at|t|c|a|

satuada a cooc|eoc|a coo ouesta tea||dad otd|oat|a~

coo ia-
geoes att|t|c|a|es. vas ue sujeta |a t|cc|o a uo tesuoto

ooc(io de
tea||dad, se et|te a |a tea||dad cott|eote des|egat sus vittua|idades
|ast|cas e |oesetadas. .
uo es de sotteodet ue a| bacet su t|eta e||cu|a de ao(~acio,
ei d|tectot de stocier |1991) tecbace va|otes de oouccio

diti
.
;i|es
e|aboados , t|eoda, eo cab|o, a uoa cuituta de |a ito

visacioo, de
co|abotac|o, de |o tact|co. Lo oox|g t/e, cada etsooaje es aoia-
do ot uo att|sta d|teteote ,, auoue uo|t|cados ot |as cooveociooes
de| so/twore, eo |a e||cu|a acabada ets|steo ttazas de |a aoo de
cada ao|adot. L| to|c sc/twore es e|at|vaeote caseto, euitied

o
ttazado de v|deogaas ot seatado, ju|c|os sobte va|otes ctoati-
cos, esos de ||oea , cooveoc|ooes de teeseotac

ioo. cos attistas de

ooxg |/e se |as ategiao coo |os |osttueotos disooi

btes, eo |ugat
de desato||at coiejos tecutsos , betta|eotas esecitcaeote di-
seadas. su te|ac|o coo e| otdeoadot es as te|ajada meoos co-
|eja, uoa te|ac|o ue s|o uede aatecet cuaod

o e| usuat

ie se sieote
co|etaeote a gusto coo |a tecoo|og|a

soo |as deas ta iote

||geocia
estateg|ca |o ue cooduce |a e||cuia, ue tesu|ta de baja det

ioicio
gtao a|tua coocetua|, cootta |a a|ta det|o|c|o , escasez de ideas de
ia ao|ac|o cooveoc|ooa|.
ta coosecueoc|a es ue |a e||cu|a teseota botdes as bastos ue
ottos toductos as coetc|a|es. ta to|a teteseotacioo se ete
coostaoteeote eo ouesta tecec|o de |a e||cu|a, |o ue iotettue
ia |tada coote|at|va, tecotdaodo a| esectadot ue se eocueotta
aote uo toducto att|t|c|a| ,, a su vez, geoeaodo uo esacio atosteo-
co , oo|t|co ue es e| eu|va|eote ettecto a |a to|a edtacioo de |a
e||cu|a sobte ios sueos , |a teai|dad.

ND IBOBODS uIuID QDIqu B OuBSIID QIBSBOIB BS 0BO0Sl00D vD0I.

WIlllBD IDSDD
Mul0R0DI CDHIlB 0IIM lC0@DI0D
DI l\IDD, lB IBClBD\B DDVBB O W
l
{
.
(2003), IDVDCB UD IBCUBIOD
B |aD
.
!DSDD, H0IIBO IBCDgOlIDO
Ol_l\Bl. PU\DI OBl ClBSlCD ClD.
B lB __D!S\DOB OB lB CUl\UIB OBl OlSBD
DUCD
BS OB lBS
CDDV
BDCI
DDBS

U
_
g
DB

.
I
_
O0OIB
''!
IDSDD
OBIDlD
CDDVBDClDDBS BBIBCBD ID\BC\BS
lDS
D SU oUBVD llID, \DOBS BSBS
OlS\DlCD ODDOB lB \BCDDlD_B D
.
BISDDBjBS DBDI\BD UD DUDOD
.
B BDB\IBOD BD CBOB B \ O
.
OIBOB. Ll CDO\IDI BS UDlCUD` lBS lOB TO O

SBC D B B V!OB
BDCII\BOB B DlBD DBS IB

.
O U
O ! B BS, lU!OBS, y lB IDDIDBClDD
CIB D. D SDDDID DOB
\
IBO |BIBIUlCB, BID UDB DBDl CU\UIB O
`
I CeD ID B UDB VBS\B
B DlSDB IBO. ND DDS\BD\ l
B !IB\BD CDDS!_UB SDDIBVlVII BD
B, B BSDDDIDSD lD_ID OB ID
UB SU Bl_UDBD\D SBB CIBDlB B
O
ID BS CDDSB_Ul
U\UID, SlDD BD B IBSBD\B _
BSB
l
I B U

B B BCClDD DD SB SI\B BD Bl
. B DDVB B OB !DSDD DD
O
_IBO DBOlOB DBDl\BDDS B U\UID OIS\D ICD

S
B UB, BD
BDS. BIBCB UB lB ClBDCIB


[ Ue
DBCB VBlD\B
Ll S \
,
!CC!DD yB DD DBCBS!\B Bl U\UID
BD !D!BD\D OB UI_BDClB U O
.
D
,
.
IBBDlBZBOD DI Bl_D
B DDUB B SU BD\BODI !CCIDD DB SIOD
UB DD BS BXBC\BDBD\B IBS
.
CDDS\BIDBCIDD SlDD B_D BIBCOD B
,
`
I_OBC!CD D! \BDDCD
DBIBS DDVBlBS OB D
B eUODS!OBO lB CDDUSlDD. LBS II~
I SDD BIBD IDyBCCIDDBS BSB \
IDB_lDBOD ODDOB B \BCODD_
.
CU B IVBS OB UD U\UID
!B BIDS!DDBDB IBOlCBlDBD\ O
CDDVBDClDDB. MDy Bl DOBI OISIU \lVD OB
B B DI BD SDClBl
BDIBI\BDBD\B. LD lU_BI OB BSD
[
O {

B \BCDDD_B yB DD SB BDUDCIB
IBSBD\B, BID DUCDD DBS lD
,

B
\
BS |ZB jUS\D DBjD lB SUBIlCIB, DDDI~
lB SBDSBClDD OB UB B U\U

U!B aD\B DI SBI OlCll OB UDICBI. B \lBDB

ID |DB_UBOD DB llB_BOD
UDB DIDB DBS\BD\B OlBIBD\B OB
.
IBB DBD\B, BID BD
SU\ll, DBS DDDlIBSBD\B B DBOO
B BSIBOB, \Bl VBZ DD \BD IBOICBl, DBS
BSBC\DS lDBSBIBODS OB lB VIO. O`B`.
_ \B

CD
.
DlD_B SB VB lDllCBOB BD
D\lDlSDD DDOBIBOD B BSBI O \ O
. BsI IDSDD SB BOBlBD\B, CDD UD
IDlDS U\UIDS IDVBOBODS
B D D, y SU IBS\ID OB DDS\Bl_lB, B SUS

_D UB BS\DS \IBS B]BDlDS CDDBI\BD BS UDB lDBSBIBOB DBZClB BO~

\IB lD VIB]D y D DUBVD, BD\IB lD OI_l\Bl y lD BDBlD_lCD. ND OBlBDOBD lD
Ol_l\Bl DI D Ol_l\Bl, CDDD UD IDyBC\D UB OBDlBIB SBI IDDDClDOBOD
B \DOB CDS\B. LD lU_BI OB BSD, CDDD BD lB lDS\BlBClDD D00DW ODOSIBIS
OB Dllll WDI\DlD_\DD, ODDOB UO Bl_DIl\DD Ol_l\Bl lD\IDOUCB BX\IBBS
\IBDSDIDBClDDBS BO lBS SDDDIBS IDyBC\BOBS BD B BIBO, lB lDDIDB~
\lCB BBOB UDB DUBVB OlDBDSlDD B UDB \BCDDlD_B VlB]B y DUy SBDClllB

UDB OB lBS CDSBS UB SBDBDDS BCBICB OB |B \BCDDlD_B lDDIDB\lCB BS
UB DB CIBBOD UD ClClD OB DDSDlBSCBDClB CBOB VBZ DBS DIBVB. LS\DS \IBS
\IBDB]DS SB BBI\BO OB lB DDSDlBSCBDClB Bl DDBI lBS \BCDDlD_BS VlB]BS
y DUBVBS BD l_UBlOBO OB CDDOlClDDBS, CDDBD DBS BD B lDDBOlB\B2 y Bl
IBCDDDCIDlBD\D UB BD B DSCUID CUl\D B lB DDVBOBO.
LXlS\B DDy BD OB UDB DDIB SBIlB, CI\lCB y \BDIlCB, BD Bl \BIIBDD OB lB
\BCDDlD_B Ol_l\Bl BD BIUl\BC\UIB, BID SDSBCDD OB UlBDBS DUBS\IBD
DDS\Bl_B DI Bl BSBC\D 0B CulID OB lDS DIOBDBODIBS, CDDD Sl UBIB UOB
SBC\B SBCIB\B CDD SU IDlD lBO_UB]B BSD\IlCD. B BSDDDIB UB lDS BI~
UI\BC\DS DBS CBICBDDS B OlSCUISD OB lB \BCDDlD_B Ol_l\B Sl_BD \BDlBD~
OD DBS BD CDDD CDD lXBI BSClBVl2BODS B BBC\DS BX\IBVB_BD\BS, B
lD_lCBS OB VlSUBllZBClDD y Bl OBSBD OB DBCBI OB lB BD\BSB IBBllOBO= UB
CDD lB CUl\UIB OB lB lDIDVlSBClDD y lB BDlDBClDD OB DB]B \BCDDlD_B OB
W0K|Og B. LS\BD DBS CBICB OBl lDSDD OB NBuIDO0OIB UB OBl OB 0I~
IBH IBCDgOIDO, DUSCBDOD BUD UD CBDDlD OB BIBOl_DB UB lBDCB lB
BIUl\BC\UIB DBClB UD DUBVD U\UID BD lU_BI OB IBS\BI B\BDClDD Bl _IBOD
BD UB Bl U\UID DB llB_BOD yB.
UDB CDDSBCUBOClB OB lB CBBClOBO OB lB \BCDDlD_B Ol_l\Bl BIB DB~
DlUlBt BDDIDBS CBD\lOBOBS OB lDDIDBClDD DB SlOD B BSCDBClDD DI
lD BDBI_BD\B, lDS Bl_DIl\DDS _BD\lCDS y lB BU\D_BS\lDD. BID lB BU\D~
_BS\lDD IBUlBIB CDDOlClDDBS lDlClBlBS DUy BSBClCBS. DI BSD, lDB_l~
DBI UDB BIU\BC\UIB UB SBB BOB\B\VB y IBCB\lVB DD BS IDDDBI UDB
BIUl\BC\UIB VB_BDBD\B BDBI_BD\B Dl BBlBI B VlB]DS DDOBlDS OB lBXl~
DlllOBO. BS DlBO lDllCB UDB BIUl\BC\UIB IBClSB BD SUS IDDSlClD~
DBS DIDBlBS, BSBCCB BD lB DIDB, Bl DB\BIlBl y lB OlSDSlClDD, BID
BS\IB\_lCBDBD\B CBBZ OB Dl\IlBS B IDIBVlSlDlBS BIDlBClDDBS BD
Bl \lBDD DI BI\B OB USUBIlDS BS\U\DS UB BD\lBDOBD UB Bl ID_IB~
DB OUOCB BS OBlOl\!VD. UDB BIUl\BC\UIB VBIOBOBIBDBO\B BDBI_BO\B

DClB BD\BDCBlSB CDDD UD BDCBDID lI_BlBDBD\B IjBCD UB BlDI\IBSB

Bl CBDOID BD \DlDD B UD DDBlD DDIDD CB UD\DS CB BDCBjB, BD\ICI~
BDCD lB Bl\ICIBCICD CB Dl\IlBS B_BD\BS. BlBDCD CDDD UD BISBjB
lBBlBCD, lDS BCIICIDS y BS CIUCBCBS OUBDDS DlBCBD _lBCDS CB lB~
CBIVICBC y CB BjUS\B, UDB BIUI\BC\UlB BOIBl\B B lBS CDD\ID_BDCIBS CB
lB VICB CDD\BDDlBDBB y CBBZ CB BDjBl UDB CIVBlSICBC CB BC\IVICBCBS
CBDOIBD\B BD Bl \IBDD. BlB CISBRBI BSB IDCBl\ICUDOlB SB lBUIBlB UH
CBSBllDllD D\BlI_BD\B CB B \BCDDlD_B, BlD \BDOI0D SUSICBCIB DBCIB
lBS SDlUCIDDBS \BCDDlC_ICBS SIH_UlBlBS y \D\BIZBCDlBS.
S\B BS UDB DSIOlB CIlBCCICD UB DClB SUl_Il CB UDB lBBCICD DBHDS
CDDlBjB CDD lB \BCDDD_B CI_I\Bl BH lB BlUI\BC\UlB. UD USD lBZDDBOlB
IHVBD\IVD y lBC\ICD CB lBS \BCDDID_BS CI_I\BBS CISDDIOlBS BD lB lC_IC
CB DUBS\lB lDIB CISCIlIHB. \IBS C!lBCCIDDBS IDClUIlBD IDCDlDlBl lBS
\BCHDlD_BS CI_I\BBS CIIBC\BDBH\B B lDS BCIICIDS, CDDD IBlBS ID\BlBC~
\IVBS D CISDSI\IVDS SBDSIOlBS UB UBlBD DBS BllB CB lB BC\UBl \BCDD~
lD_B CB BCIICID ID\BI_BD\B. Ll DICBDBCDl BS UDB DBUIDB BOS\lBC\B
Bl CBSlBZBlSB DBS BllB CB lBS C_ICBS CB lB VISUBlIZBCICD, BBlBCBD
DUBVDS D\BDCIBlBS. LB BlUI\BC\UlB, UB CDDS\IUyB UD DUDCD Bl\IICIBl
CBSCB UDB lBBlICBC \BCHDlC_ICB CBCB, DClB OBDBICIBlSB BDDlDBDBD\B
CB BSDS BjBDlDS CB lBlBCICD lBC\ICB CDD lBS \BCDDlD_BS CI_I\BlBS. UDB
BIUI\BC\UlB IBlBjBCB y IB_DB\ICB, DBS ID\BlBSBCB BH lB CDDSBCUBDCIB
UB BD lB CDDSIS\BDCIB.
!
l06l9T S1T 0l06T900l
UODD f8Z0l
Z
Z4
LSClIOD BS\B \BX\D CBSCB lB DBDBCB CB DI jBlCD, BD USSBX, U\IlIZBDCD
UD DlCBDBCDl DI\B\!l CDD CDDBXICD IDBlBDOIICB B lB IBC, Bl_D UB BD lB
C0CBCB CB 11 BlB \BH SClD UD SUBDD. LB \BCDDlD_B Bl ID DB llB_BCD,
BID CDD UDB lBlBSBD\BCICD SDlIBDCBD\B, UB VB DUCDD DBS BllB

CB
lDS SUBRDS DBS SBlVBjBS CB lDS _UlS DBS D\IDIS\BS, y B UDDS lBClDS
BSDDOlDSBDBD\B DBS OBjDS. NIBD\lBS BSClIOD BS\B lBSB, UD BS\UCIBD\B
SB DB CDDBC\BCD BIB UDB \U\DlB CBSCB LDIDB y BBlBCB BD UDB VBD\BDB.
LD D\lB VBD\BDB, CDB\BD CDD DI DI]D y Dl UDB \BlCBlB BS\Dy lBSDDCIBDCD
B UDB B\ICICD Ul_BD\B CBl CBSBCDD CB lBDK . BDIy SDD

lBS CUB\D CB
lB \BlCB, lB DDlB CBl \0 CB VBlBDD ID_l0S BSB DDDBD\D DB_ICD CBl CIB BD
UB LDS PD_BlBS SB lBVBD\B y DBD_DBI BD DD CUBlDB. LS\Dy \DOBCD
BD lB DBDBCB lB_UD\BDCDDB Dl U0 DBDDS \BlCBCD \BD\D BD |D\BlCD~
DBC\BlDDS y U0 DBOBDDS BS\BCD DBCIBDCD DIBD\lBS \BD\D ...
NB CB\BD_D UD DDDBD\D BIB BDSBl UB BCBOD CB BS\Bl CDDBC\BCD
CDD B BOlICB DUlBI LDIDB y LS\BCDS UDICDS CBSCB UDB DBDBCB CB
B UDICD LUlDBB DBCIBD\B UDB IBC ID\BlDBCIDDBl CB lD\DCDlDS CDDB
\ICDS B BSBC\D Dl\ICD CB BSUD\D BS BD DBS DDlICD UB B BCDDlC_I~
CD. Ll DDBID CB DBlZD CB J14 CB PlCDl0CUl0l BSlgDBS lD[O, CDD UD
lB\!B\D B \DCB B_IDB CBl lBSICBD\B NBD SDS\BDIBDCD UD BjBDlBl lDjD CB
PlCDlBCUl0l LBSgD CDD Bl ClBSICD _BS\D BD UB SDS\BDB Bl lIOlD lDjD CBl
CDDUDISDD gCCDD lD SBOBD lDS CB PlCDlBCUl0l BSgH!
NI0D\lBS Bl_UDDS CDDBD\BlIS\BS DBCBD lD0\ICBS lDyBCCIDDBS \0C~
DICBS [ICDBlC UCKDIDS\Bl lUllBl) y D\lBS lBCICCIDDBS SDCIBlBS Dl\I~
CBS [NBW DClB[), SClD BD PlCDlBCfUl0l BSlgD SUIBIDD UDIl BDOBS CD~
I8Z0I,U0RD, L0RU!!H@ WID0UI C0RUI0fS, 8n#t0htf00lut0l e8tgn, V0. 1, ,U0DH WI0y
0DS, NU0V8 Y0fK, Z, 0@S. k.
1
SBS y IUVIBIOH \B B!SICBCIB OB BOB\BHIBI CHO \B CIBCIBHIB IBCHO\O@IB
IOB B IHIB@IBISB BH UHB SOCIBOBO CBHOIBHIB.
LOS OISIUIOIOS BSIUOIBHI!\BS OB NByO OB\ BH B!IS VIBIOH IBCBSB!
B OO!IUHIOBO OB UH CBHOIO IBOICB! UB US!BIB IH B BS IH]USIICIBS SO
CIB\BS y SB BCB\\BIOH COH\BIBHBHIB DBC!B 11. MBC!B 7, CUBHOO
IUVO \U@BI \B CIISIS OB\ BI!\BO, SUI@I UHB HUBVB BSIIBIB@IB BIB \\BVBI
B CBOO B\ CBHO!O SOC!OO\IIICO y \B SO\UC!H VBHIB, B\ HBHOS BH BIIB,
OB \B HUBVB IBCHO\O@IB y, BH B!IICU\BI, OB \B CIBHCIB BHBI@BHIB OB \B
C!OBIHBIICB. CH H! OIHIH, B\ Z OB ]U\IO OB UB UHB BCDB CBVB
CUBHOO \B \\B@BOB OB\ DOHOIB B \B \UHB SB COHV!III BH UH SIHOOO OB .-
UB HICDBIO UCKHIHSIBI U\\BI DBOIB BOICBOO OUIBHIB OBCBOBS.
UIBHIB \OS \IIHOS BOS OB B OBCBOB OB 1 y \OS IIHBIOS OB \B OB
1 BSIUVB OCUBOO, ]UHIO COH HIS B\UHHOS OB BHIOHCBS, BH UH !O\OH
@BOO BXBIIHBHIO IHIB\BCIUB\. NO IBHIBHOS O!OBHBOOIBS B HUBSIIO B\CBH
CB, OB HOOO UB \O H!CO UB OOIBHOS DBCB! B!B !HB@IHB! UB BXISIIBH, B
IHB@IHBI IBHO!BH IOOOS \OS BVBHCBS BH IBCHO\O@IB y \OS CBHOIOS SOCIOO
\IICOS HBCBSBIlOS BIB DBCBI IBB\IOBO HUBSIIOS SUBOS. P BSO HB IBlBIO
COH O!OBHBI S!H O!OBHBOOI UH BHSByO IHIB\BCIUB\ OB \O UB \B BIUlIBC
IU!B y B\ BHIO!HO COHSIIU!OO SBIIBH B IIHCI!OS OB\ SI@O XXl.
HBSCBIBI OB\ OBSVBH \B OCBOB OB T1
LSCIIOO BSIBS \HBBS y !BHSO BH B\@UHOS HHBIOS COHCIBIOS OB PICDl~
CUI0 SlgD UB \BI y BH \OS UB BIIICIB COHO BSIUOIBHIB y ]OVBH
BIUIIBCIO. LHIOHCBS HB OOy CUBHIB OB UB BS \B BIUIIBCIU!B \B UB
DB BSIBOO BH B\ OBSVBH OBSOB I!HCIIOS OB \B OBCBOB OB 1. OBBS
C\BVB COHO HBO!O BHOIBHIB, BCO\O@IB, SOSIBHIOI\IOBO y IIBHSBIBHCIB OB
IBCHOO@IB SB @UB!OBIOH y B!CDIVBIOH BIB UH USO OSIBI!OI, _OI UB
IBZH! _LUBHOO [SI BS UB \B@B B OCU!!!I) \\B@B!B BUB UIU!O' HI!B \BS
CB]BS OB\ OBSVBH BIIUBIBOBS !DIDUlO, `LZ, WW CDCly, PICDl~
gI00, `Ll Kl, PID0 y PP, BHCUBHIIO OI IH PICDlCUI0 SlgD
~7 y OBVUB\VO \OS VO\HBHBS B HIS BSIBHIBIIBS. NI B\ O\VO HI B\
BSO, H! \B SO\BHHIOBO OB \B BHCUBOB!HBCIH, HB OISIIBBH OB \BS IHB
@BHBS IOOBVIB IBSCBS y OB \B \BVBOBO UB SB BSCOHOB I!BS \BS CUOIB!~
1
IBS. OH DO]BBOO IBIOO OI 1 HB IIBB UH IUOO DIHCDBO\- OB ZH OB
\BI@O UB \OIB BH B\ NBCDSBB, BH MBHHOVBI, UHB CBIIB BO!BIIB OB BIBI
LOOK B WBIIBH LDB\K, UH CO\CDH HBUHBIICO OBS\B@BO\B PUIO
HBI, OB
NBIK ISDBI VIVIBHOBS OB BHBI@BHCIB BH BI UH BXIBHSO BIIJCU\O SO
OIB \OS IOO\BHBS SOCIB\BS OB \B IBOIHB OB LOVBHI BIOBH y OIIO

SOO!B
\BS BBUX PIIS OBSOB UB OBOB UH IBBSO B \BS COHS-CUBHCBS OB
\B IBVO\UCIH BSIUOIBHII\ OB NByO OB\ BH BIIS. LBS IB,SIBS

I-VB\BH
IBIOBHBHIB UB \B B@BHOB OB \B OBCBOB OB 11 SB DBOB OB!OOO

IO~
IB\HBHIB BH \B OB . 1, B!B IBVIVII B\ SBOOI OB\ HOHBHIO, IBCUOBH~
OO B \B VB\BIOOSB HBHOIIB y B B\@UHBS HOIBS OB BHIOHCBS,

|B;\!Bg- \B
SI@UIBHIB SBCUBHCIB OB BVBHIOS OIHBIIVOS. UHB BISOHB\ UIB OBSCB
OB BXBIIHBHIOS IHIB\BCIUB\BS.
T
HICDBIO UCKHIHSIBI lU\\BI OB UHB COHBIBHCIB BH IIHBI CU

I.O OB \B
PICDIIBCIUIB\ PSSOCIBIIOH [PP) OB LOHOIBS \B CBOBHB OB IB\BV\S!H L
\O I\HB. LSIB SBHIBOO IIBS UHB HBSB \B@BO\B y SB OBIIBHB B HBOIB IBSB
CBOB VBZ UB SB BIB \B CBHBIB, S\O \B IBIOHB CUBHOO \B CBHBIB VUB\VB
B I\HBI.
T9
t\ UH B\BCB OB LBOIIC IICB y JOBH LIII\BWOOO, OB\ UB OOIIB OBCIISB
UB BS B\ BOIICIO OB @IBH IH\UBHCIB OB HUBSIIO SI@\O, BH IOyBCIO OBSOB
1, VB \B \UZ O\ICB BH UH BIIICU\O OB HByHBI BHDBH.'
T
PIIB BUIOOBSIIUCIIVO. UIBHIB SU COHBIBHCIB BH \B PICDIIBC:UIB\ ;sSO
CIBIIOH, USIBV NBIZ@BI SB \BS IH@BHIB BIB DBCBI UB SUS OBOS\IVBS
BIOBH BH B\ IHIBIIOI OB\ IOyBCIOI [\BS \\BHBS \\BHBH \B BHIB\\B OBHOoHO

S
\B IHIBSIH OB BSIBI BH B\ IHIBIHO). LB SI@UB UHB HUBSIIB B- B\
D!H@ S
1B!O.' LB OBSIIUCCIH COIBO@IBIBOB OB IUOOS \UOIBSCBHIBS HS!IB UHB
O!@IB OB OBSIIUCCIH COH HBUBIBS, OIOU]OS, IBO\BIOS y HUBO\BS VO\BH
1J1
OD OBSOB lBSVBD\BDBS OBl BS\UOlDDBS\B BlB\D. B SlBD\D\BD\BOD OB lBDZBIHByD HlSHD OBSOB Bl \B]BOD BDBSBBVBD\DBI\ClB\lVD, DBCl0D ODHB OBD [D\IDS DBD BOH\lOD OBSOB BD\DDCBS DBOBI BXBIlHBD\BOD BSBSBDSBClDD), DDDIOBIBSDDSlDD DI UDSBD\lHlBD\DOBllOBIBClDD.

lD\BIDB\DDBl lBlD_UB D cXBIlHBD\Bl ICD\BC\UIB [c. lBlD_D D \BIDBCDDBlSDOIB IUl\BC\UIB LXBIlHBD\Bl).

DKS\DDB. CUOBD HllBS OB BS\UOlBD\BS OB \DOD Bl HUDOD CDD SUS HDCDllBSOUBIHBDBDlB lByB. LDUDBBUBDBSBlBOSBDBOBBIBUDB BUOlBDCB OB DCDS CBD\BDBIBS, BSCUCDBD DBOlBI B LBOIlC IlCB SDOIB Bl D\\BIlBS JDlDKOBl\, B MBDS MDllBD SDOIB lB \lBDOB OB VBlBS B\\l y lB DVBDClDD OB lDSODlSDSJD\B, UBSBCB BlB HlDSCUlB \lBDOB BlBClU~ OBO, y BJDSBD WBOBI, lDDBl CDBlD, YDDB IlBOHBD, I\DUI UBIHOy y Bl _IUD ICD_IBH. LlBUOB BIBD\ y BUlVlIlllDDBOlBDBDIBDC0S, CDD \IB]BDB_ID.LBS\IBOUCBLDllD DUIDlBI, UBlDSDBIBSCB\BODOBlDSBOU CDBDS OB UD OllCD BDCBDOlOD UB lDS UBIB BCDBI OBl BSCBDBIlD Bl \DHBIlBS DI DBDBSClS\BS. ByDBI BDDBH DBOlB OBl `lD OB lB BIUl \BC\UIB

LBOIlC IlCB OlCB OBSCUOBOBHBD\B UBlDS BIU\BC\DS BS\BD BDBlDB_DClDOBlDSCBIIBHlBD\DSyBDDBHBIDVBCDBBIBOUIlBISBOB lBlOBBU\lllZBDODlBCDHDlB\BDIHBOBlBDZBHlBD\DOBSUIDlBVlSlDD ID0\lCB.

WDIlO BSl_D CBDCB LDDBIBDCB |LDD_IBSD UDOBl OB lB LlBDClB OBl lSBDDj, LDDOIBS.
UCKHlDS\BIUllBID\BD\BlHllCBIBlDSBS\UOlBD\BSOBBIUl\BC\UIB BDBSB IDyBC\D y BDSU WDIlO BHB SDOIB lB OBSB OB UB lBBOUCBClDD BDBOlSBDOBSBIIDllBUDB BIDXHBClDD_lDOBlB DSIDOlBHBS, HlBD~ |IBSUB\DOBSlBSOBHBSOlSClllDBSSB VUBlVBDCBOB VBZ HBSBSBClB .lZBOBS

MBOlB OUIBD\B DDIBS, BDCBOBDBDOD SU OlSCUISD UDB SDlB IBSB 3lDHBSlD\BIIUClDDBSUBlBSDBCBSBIlBSBIB\DHBIBlIB. BHUBS\IBS TBSU_BDBIDSlOBO CUBDOD, HBS\BIOB, y BUDUB VlSOlBHBD\BCBDSBOD,

HBOBOlCBUDBDDIBHBSOB CDDVBISBClDD. MBOlBODCDDUllBICUB

lVlOB \DOBSDBDSlODDCBSlDDBSHB_ICBS.CBOBCDBllBHB

VBCBSH ,
O DD OB OB\BIHIDBClDD, BID DD CDDB_D IDOUCtOD UDB IBDDVB B SBDSBCI
BCDIOBIHBOB UDBSDlB BlBOIB.

BlDS\l\U\B D LDD\BHDIB LyOBHBllCSSBlB0lIly, UDB

BXDSICIDD
l
B

D
Ol JBSlB BlCDBIO\. UD [ ) L O DI_BDtZBOB DI B hCIBI B Iy I\S L , DD _BS
DHBID BSBClBl OB lU0lD lBH0llD0l) HB
...

_
.D. .Z..l-C`.OlB NDIOBI\ WlBDBI, \BDIO BBI, hB_lD__
\DCKDBUSBD, JDDD LB_B, OWBIO lDDB\DWlCZ, US\BV \Z_BI, DI

-...,.,-

B.B
S
-..l-,.-.~..D.
D
..,.--.`.
|
.-..`--.`
|
S
UBlOBD BHBICBI lBB_BDOBOB lDSSl_UlBD\BSCUBIBD\B BDDS.
BHDl0HBH
, . . .
fOBDBODI CDD UDB lHIBSDIB HB\IlClBl MlCB HtS OHBIDS OlOU]DS DI D
) OlOUjDS OB _IBD [SID DOBI VBIlDS IBVlBHBD\B BD BD\llB .

BDBIBI
BlZBI B HBDD DHlBjlOBO _BDH0\IlCB y VlI\UBlHBD\B |HDStOlBS OB IB
[

ID Bl ODlDI OB \BDBI UB HDD\BI Bl SDlW0lB DD BXIS
,
:
O

0
U
-
l
I
H

|
l
'

_
,
,

uBl OB CBIIBIB, _BD B

DIl_lDBlBSOBlBBXDSlClDD

"

T
UDB DUBVB SBDSBC!DD OB SBI!BOBO lB UI_BDC!B OB VBI Bl \IBOB]D IBBl!2B~
OD. LSD S!_D!!CB Bl !DBl OB D!S BDDS OB BS\UO!BD\B D! DUBVB V!OB CDDD
CB\BOIB\!CD BD LBDOI!O_B UD!VBIS!\. LD!BZD B !DBI\!I Bl I!DBI CUI~
SD BD !B BSCUBlB OB BIU!\BC\UIB CDD I!\\JDOIBSSBD [NBOBlB OB ID OB
lB JIU!\BC\UIB BD JUS\IBl!B) BII BSSDD [BD lB BC\UBlOBO S!I BII).
Ll CBDO!D OB DUDDI lDS !DBIB\!VDS IDBS!DDBlBS IBlB]BD lDS CBD~
O!DS OB UDB SDC!BOBO UB BD\IB BD lB DUBVB O6CBOB. LS CDDD S! OUIBD\B
O!B2 BDDS _!DI!DSDS Bl DUDOD BD\BID DUO!BIB CDDBI\!OD DUBS\IB BXB~
I!BDC!B DIDB\!VB OB BS\UO!BD\BS BDDIB SB DDS !O!BSB UB B_BSBDDS
DUBS\IBS OBUOBS.
DVBD\DIBS, DBBS\IDS, ID!C!BODIBS OB \BOOBDC!BS O!SDlVBD\BS, BS
ClBS!!CB LZIB DUDO lB BC\!V!OBO CIBB\!VB." LDDD B SB DB OBSCI!\D,
lDS !DVBD\DIBS lDS !D!C!BODIBS OB \BDOBDC!BS IBS!O!BIDD BD lB O6CB~
OB OB 1. LDS DBBS\IDS OBD UD BSD BOBlBD\B B I!DC!!DS OB lB O6~
CBOB OB J7 U\!l!2BDOD lDS IDCBSDS \BD O!BD CDDD U!BDBS lDS DB~
OBD !DVBD\BOD, D !DC!USD DB]DI, B DBDUOD CDDO!DBDOD !OBBS. LDS
O!SDlVBD\BS OBSC!BDOBD B DBO!BODS OB lB O6CBOB OB J. ! lB O6~
CBOB OB J SB CBIBC\BI!2D DI Bl BSI!\U !DDDVBODI, lB OB J7 SBIB
UDB BIB OB OBSBIIDllD BD Bl ODD!D!D OB B \6CD!CB. Ll CBDO!D V!BDB
DBICBOD DI UD BX\IBDIO!DBI!D DDBID OB PlCDBCIUI0 LB5|gR, CDD
HD LBDOBU CDDD BO!\DI !DV!\BOD, UB SB CBD\IB BD lB C!OBIO6\!CB
lDS S!S\BDBS IBCB\!VDS, CDD UDB _BlBX!B OB CDD\I!OUC!DDBS BS\BlB~
IBS UB !DC!UB B BIl DBI WBIIBD IDOB N!CDDlBS NB_IDDD\B
\BDDIO JDOBISDD, BV!O IBBDB, LBOI!C I!CB DIODD BSK UDB
BO!C!DD UB OB!OB lDS BSUD\DS OB !BS \IBS O6CBOBS U\UIBS. N!BD~
IIBS BD\D DB BSDC!D CDD JlBX !KB, B U!BD CDDDZCD SDD CDDD CD~
!BODIBODI IBCUBD\B OB PICD|IBCUI0 BS_D, UB \BDO!6D BS DUBVD
9D LBDOI!O_B UD!VBIS!\. DIDBDDS UD _IUD OB !DVBS\!_BC!DD [UB
|DClUB B UD DVBD BD TBBD_) BIB !DOB_BI SDOIB UDB BIU!\BC\UIB
5CDlD_!CBDBD\B IBSDDSBOlB. TB DD BS D!CBDBD\B UD _IUD OB !D~
4BS\!_BC!DD BCBO6D!CB. lBDBBDDS lB CDDS\IUCC!DD OBl ID\D\!D OB
JDB V!V!BDOB BU\DSU!C!BD\B.

BDDl6D BD J
1BD_D BCCBSD B UDB BD\BllB OB _IB!CDS [UD IBD CB\DO!CD C!ICUlBI
ODDOB lBS I!DBIBS lDBBS OBSBBIBCBD BD\BS OB UB SB O!OU]BD lBS S!~
_U!BO\BS), lB D!CB OB LBDOI!O_B UD!VBIS!\. LDD lB BUOB OB BXBI\DS
OB! lBODIB\DI!D OB DB\BDB\!CBS, BD!BZD B OBSBlIDlBI ID_IBDBS _B~
DBIB\!VDS OBSBODS BD UDB BSBC!B OB JM O!_l\Bl UB DB BID!\BD CIBBI
DIDBS BS\IUC\UlBlBS BU\DDB\!CBDBD\B S!D lB BSBOB2 OB \BDBl UB !D~
\IDOUC!I \DODS lDS OB\DS.
T
NIBD\IBS lB BCDDDDB DUDO!Bl SB BS\BDCB DI lB CI!S!S OBl B\IDlBD, DB
\IBSlBOD OB LBDOI!O_B UD!VBIS!\ B lB JICD!\BC\UIBl JSSDC!B\!DD OB LDD~
OIBS, OB DUBVD OD ClBSBS CDD I!\\ JDOIBSSBO. IBSBD\BDDS UD DUBVD
BXBI!DBD\D lD\BBC\UBl B lDS BS\UO!BD\BS !O!6DODlBS UB CDDS\IUBD
UD DIOBDBODl CDD CB]BS OB CBI!llBS CUBDBS OB CDlDIBS. BSU6S \BD_D
lB DDI\UO!OBO Bl lBCBI OB OBI ClBSBS UD BDD DBS CDD BV!O IBBDB j
W!ll JlSD.
J
NBCB Bl BO!!C!D !D\Bl!_BD\B CDD Bl IDBC\D BDBIB\DI OB LBOI!C I!CB.
N! DU]BI JUl!B D SDDDS BSBSDIBS OBl IDBC\D [CDDS\IU!DDS UD S!S
\BDB !DDIDB\ICD DDD\BDDS Bl SDlW0IB). LBOI!C BS\B CDDVBDC!OD OB
UB !B IBSUBS\B BIU!\BC\DD!CB B UD IDOlBDB CDDCIB\D BS OBDBS!BOD
!BD\B !BDSB UB lB BIU!\BC\UIB OBOBIB CIBBI CDDO!C!DDBS OBSBBOlBS
DDI\UD!OBOBS UB DBS\B BSB DDDBD\D SB DBD \BD!OD Dl !DDSlOlBS.
LBS !DS\BlBC!DDBS BS\IUC\UIBS OBl BDBIB\DI IBSDDOBD B lDS OBSBDS
OB! USUBI!D CDD BUOB OB UDB _IB DIOBDBODIBS !D\B_IBODS BO \DODS
lDS BBDBD\DS BS\IUC\UlBBS.
T
JSUDD lB O!IBCC!DD OB lB LSCUBlB OB OVBS\!_BC!DD, M!S\DlIB LI\!CB OB
JI\B !SBDD OB lB BCUl\BO OB JI\B !SBDD OB BlBS\ DI !D \BD_D

BCCBSC B lCS fBCUfSCS BfB !DIfCCUC!f lB !DCfDBI!CB BD Bl lBD CB BSIU~

C!CS CUBDCC llB@B BI f!DBf S!SIBDB CB @fB!CCS OBSBCC BD D!CfCfCCB~
SBCCfBS. BSC lBS NBV!CBCBS BD CBDB, OlCUBBCC Cf lB D!BVB, BD UDB
@fBD]B fBDCIB CB !llyIBB@D, BD Bl CCDCBCC CB CWD, lByBDCC UDB !lB CB
DBDUBlBS CBl JBKIfCD!X 41 UB DB BCBOBD CB BDIfB@Bf. N! BDIUS!BS~
DC VB BD BUDBDIC Bl CBfDB CUBDIB CB UB BX!SIB Bl CIBDC!Bl DBCBSBfIC
BfB UB ICCCS lCS BfUIIBCICS IBD@BD UD CfCBDBCCf @fB!CC BD SU DBSB
y, CB DBCDC, lB CCCBCB llB@B B SU !D CCD lB BBf!C!D CB lCS BfSCDBl
LlBCIfCD!C JfBDSBCICfS |NB@CC!BCCfBS BlBCIfH!CCS BfSCHBlBS], CCDC~
C!CCS BBCIUCSBDBDIB Cf SU BCfH!DC CCDC LJS." P CCDIIDUBC!D llB~
@BfB PlB y, DBS IBfCB, | N.
11
B UDCB DUBSIfB BDfBSB PUIC@fBD!CS, y CfBBDCS Bl BUBIB CB SC|~
W0I6 PUIC\BD, UB CCDI!BHB Bl IfBOBjC CB VB!DIB BDCS BfBCC!CDBDCC
S0IW0|6 UB CfBBDCS UB ByUCB BI C!SBDC BD lU@Bf CB COSIfU!flC. CCCS
BDCS DBS IBfCB BBfBCB PUICLBC, BCl!SBDCC B DUBSIfB BUBDB CCD~
BRB !CDBfB.
gU0 BS D UB 1Bll0
BCICfBS CCDIf!OUI!VCS.
1. LB CCCB SUfB B\ BBCIC CB CCS IBDCBDC!BS CCDIfBf!BS. lB !DCfDB~
C!D y lB BDBf@B, UB lUBD BD C!fBCCCDBS CUBSIBS [y CCDIfB lBS
lByBS CB lB SICB). Cf UD lBCC, SB fCCUCBD BVBHCBS BD lB IBCHC~
lC@B y BOUDCBOBD lBS !CBBS BCBfCB CB CSIOlBS DBDBfBS CB SBlVBf
Bl IBDBIB. Cf CIfC, lBS ClI!CBS S!D V!S!D CB UIUfC UB SB DBOBD
BSIBCC BXlCIBDCC y If!V!Bl!ZBHCC CUfBDIB IfBS CCCBCBS CUID!DBfCD
BH 11 CCD BI CCRIBDZC CB lB BfB JDBICDBf, UB \IBV BI B@CIBD!BDIC
B lB !DB@!DBC!D y Bl BSf!IU CfBBI!VC CB fBD fBIBDB.
Z. LB IBCDClC@B BVBDZBOB fB!CBDBDIB, CCD BDCS CB BDIBBC!D B lC
UB BSBfBOBDCS. LCS S!SIBDBS SCC!BlBS, ClI!CCS y BCCDDICCS,
DC. LUBDCC Bl fCOlBDB SB CBSCCDBCIB CB lB SClUC!D, CBSBBfBCB
Cf CCD\BIC lB SCIUC!D y SlC UBCB UD DUBVC fCOlBDB.
11
. Ll CI!D!SDC CB lB CCCB BSIB I!!CBCC BD UDB COfB CB fBC CCII,
MCW !IS DBCB`," CCDCB SB lBDBDIB lB CCB CSCS!C!D CB CS BfU!~
IBCICS B !DIBfBSBfSB Cf CDC SB DBCBD lBS CCSBS. MBOlB CBl CCDIfCl
HUDCf!CC CCDUIBC!CDBl [LNL) CB DBU!DBS UB @CO!BfDBD UDB lDBB
CB fCCUCC!D lBX!OlB, C!IBDCC UD BfICUlC CB C|B0CB JCUO0. CCII
SB C!C CUBDIB BDSB@U!CB CB IBS !DlCBC!CDBS UB CCB IBDBf BfB lB
DCUSIf!B CB lB CCDSIfUCC!H. LSB lDBB Bf@UDBDIBl SB V!C BDl!BCB Cf
LDf!S POB BD ICD!D@ IDB CDCSBUf SBDCIUBfy.'" B ICCBS CfDBS, D!
CCII D! POBl CCDIBfCD CCD Bl fCOlBDB CBl BXIfBCfC!DBf!C CCSIB CB lB
DBU!DBf!B BD fBlBC!H BI I!BDC UB IBfCBfBD BD fCCUC!f lCS CCDD~
DBDIBS. LB V!S!D BfB CCffBCIB y Bl fCOlBDB CBl CCSIB BD lB BCIUBl!CBC
yB BSIB fBSUBlIC, BfC BSB IBDCf UD!C!DBDS!CDBl y BCfI!CC fBDIB lB
IBCDClC@B BD DC SB RB SUBfBCC.
4. LCS CSClVBDIBS. Ll CyBl |DSI!IUIB C f!I!SD PfCD!IBCIS [P) SB
BCBlBDI B lCS BBCICS CB lB BXlCIBC!D y lB C!SClUC!D CCD SU CCD~
@fBSC BDUBl CB 11Z. B]C Bl lBDB CB BS!@D Cf SUfV!VBl [ !SBDC
BfB lB SUBfV!VBDC!B) UlSC S!DUlBf UB DBCB UD BSUBfZC fCB~
S!CDBl BfB fBSCDCBf B lB CfBC!BDIB CfS!S BDBf@CI!CB. N BDIUS!BS~
DC !D!C!Bl Cf UB Bl P SB DC!BfB CBf@C CCD SBf!BCBC CB lCS IBDBS
CBl DBC!C BDO!BDIB y lB BDBf@B, y D! Cf@UllC Bl SBf !DVIBCC B DBOlBf,
fCDIC C!BfCD BSC B lB DCft!OlB CCDfBDS!D CB UB, lB]CS CB IC~
DBfSBlC BD SBf!C, lB fCBS!D VBB BSCS BDOICS CCDD UDB DUBVB
CCfIUD!CBC CB BSBCUIBC!D. B BfC!BfCD CB IBDBS SBf!CS y CS
IfIV!Bl!ZBfCD BfB ]USI!!CBf lBS !ffBlBVBDIBS C!SCfBBDC!BS BDIfB CS
CfDBl!SIBS y lCS DDDUDBDIBlSIBS. Ll fBSUlIBCC CBl CCD@fBSC UB Bl
fC@fBDB CBI P `LCD@ !BLCCSB !ILCW LDBf@y [LBf@B V!CB,
BCCBSC DCl@BCC, OB]B BDBf@B). PDCfBW BOBDBCK, fBDC!S Uy y
JCDD WCfIDID@IDD BSCf!O!BfCD UDB CBfIB BO!BfIB B fBS!CBDIB CBl
P, PlBX CfCCD, BXfBSBDCC SU `fCUDCB SBDSBC!D CB !DCCDD
C!CBC Cf CDC BI !DSI!IUIC C!f!@B Bl fC@fBDB.'' Ll IBDB CB lB Bf
I!C!BC!D BD Bl C!SBDC SB V!C CSCUfBC!CC CB DBDBfB S!D!lBf.
. Ll SUBDC CBl LP [C!SBDC BS!SI!CC Cf CfCBDBCDf) SB VC DBlVBDC!CC CDDC
L [C!SBPC COSIfU!CC Cf CfCBDBCCf) y SB V!DC BOB]C BDIfB lB fCUS!D
CB BSBDICSBS fBfBSBDIBC!CDBS CICffBBl!SIBS UB DBD !DICX!CBCC BIC~
CBS lBS BSCUBlBS CB BfU!IBCIUfB DBDCfB5 CBSCB BDICDCBS.
111
. Ll C\!D!SDC \BCDClD_!CC OB !DBIBS OB lB OBCBOB OB TUU y I!DC!~
!CS OB lB OB TU1U BIB UD!O!DBDSICDBl. NUCDBS OB SUS UBD\BS UB~
OBD BDCCD\IBISB BD \IBOBjCS DUy BD\BI!CIBS, y IB IUBZB OB BUBl
BDSBD!BD\C BIBC!D BIOBISB BD Bl \BDC. LUBDOC BSCI!O!D MDB
CO0DS D OB 0DDD,'' H!CDBIO UCKDDS\BI UllBI BICD\BOB CUBS~
\!CDBS DBO!CBDO!BD\BlBS, y UOl!CD 4 0B DCK CCDC UD B\BUB
Bl BS\BDCBD!BD\C OB lB !DOUS\IB OB lB CCDS\IUCC!DD.' DlC IBC!BD~
\BDBD\B JBDBS WCUORySBD B BD POIBy DBD UOlCBOC WOy S CDD~
SlUCDD SD D0CKW0l0.' B\I!CK BOOBS DBOlB OB lB BI\C!BC!DD BD
SU ICyBC\C CCDS\IU!OC L!\IZBDS U\lCCK JCwBI (TU2) y IB !DlUBDC!B
OB `C\I P. hICC\KD UBOB BDCCD\IBISB BD SU L00DS, DDlC0S y
0lBlBS (TUU).'

.CS CIOBDBOCIBS SB DBD VUBl\C CDD!IBSBD\BS, UO!CUCS y CBS! DV!S!OlBS,
S UB OI!DOC CI Bl DUBVC D!IBDC y DB OBCIBIC CSO!_!\Bl, BD Bl SBD\!~
C BD UB \IBSCBDOC lB DBCBS!OBO OB UB DBO!B DBOIB OB CIOBDBOCIBS.
COBDCS OBIIC CI DBCRC y VClVBI B lCS ICOlBDBS IBBlBS OB O!SBDBI UD
U\UIC BD IBSUBS\B B lBS DBCBS!OBOBS OB IBS BISCDBS y OBl DBO!C BD~
I!BD\B.
`
D CCD_IBSC IBCIBD\B, PlCOBCUlB 0D0 0_0 DB_l0DD (PIU!\BC\UIB
!D\B_IBC!DD O!_!\Bl), CBlBOIBOC BD lB HCyBl CC!B\y C PI\S BS\BOlBC!D
UB BI O0l0W0lB y SDW0lB DBCBSBI!CS BIB B O!SBDC y lB ICOUCC!DD
1CIDB\!ZBOCS, BS CCDC lB \BCDClC_B OB BDSBDOlBjB, SB DBD OBSBIIC~
BOC DBS\B \Bl UD\C UB Bl O!DCSBUIC OB lB !DOUS\I!B BIB lB BOI!CB~
!DD OB BlBDBD\CS IBB\!\!VCS UBOB OBISB !DBlDBD\B CI DUBI\C. Ll
DW0lB OB lB !DOUS\IB BBICBSBCBI BOB\BOC B IB CCDS\IUCC!DD DB
BSlBZBOC CI !D Bl SDW0lB CCDBCC!CDBOC BIB BCBlBIBI Bl ICCBSC
B O!SBDC BX!S\BD\B. Ll SUBDC OBl SClW0/B OB _BDBIBI CIDBS y BSB~
!CS BCCIOBS CCD UDB BIU!\BC\UIB U\UIB IBCB\!VB y BCClD_!CBDBD\B
:SCDSBOlB, y BD l\!DC \BID!DC CCDS\IUIIlCS, CI !D SB DB DBCDC IBB~

l!OBO. LjBDlCS \BD O!VBISCS CCDC lCS OB PD\CD! BUO j lBDK . BDIy,
!_IBS!BS OBIICCBS y B!DCS, !lUS\IBD lB VBISB\l!OBO OB lB \BCDClC_B j SU
CBIBC\BI !DSUS\!\U!OlB, C BSC ICClBDBD DUCDCS CIBOCIBS. B DB CIDB~
OC UD BCCS!S\BDB OB ICyBC\CS O!_I\BlBS BD\IB UD CCIBC\!VC BDl!C OB
BIUl\BC\CS, !D_BD!BICS, BOI!CBD\BS y CCDS\IUC\Ct

BIB llVBI B CBOC

UDB lBCIDB IBO!CBl OB lB !DOUS\I!B OB lB CCDS\IUCCICD, UB uClUyB 1CI~
DBC!DD y BOUCBC!DD.
.
LCS BV!OCS lBC\CIBS OB PlCOBCUl0 BS_D DBOIBD VIS\C VBDIl \COC
BS\C OBSOB DBCB CUBIBD\B BDCS. B_U!DCS CCD lBS D!SDBS IBCCU~
C!CDBS. `B IBB\IIBD lCS BIICIBS OB lB OBCBOB OB TU1U CI UDB BlCX!~
C
\C
DBC!DD UD!O!DBDS!CDBl B lB \BCDClC_B SID ICCBSC j Su ICCSI .
.
LS\BDCS BD Bl!_IC OB VClVBI B VBI lB SClUC!DD UBIB OBl CCD\BX\C OBl
ICOlBDB gLBOI!C I!CB \lBDB lB l\!DB BlBOIB. `LB \BCRClC_B BS lB
IBSUBS\B, BIC gCUBl BIB lB IB_UD\B
gY lCS DDBICS OB PlCOBCUl0 BS_D B UBOBD BD D! BS\BD\BIB ...
BDDB0, 0y^0l, `00l0`S BlBC0S, 0D M0W I0I0SH0R, 7 O0 B@0SI0 O0 1b4, 8@S.
1J-1Z.
LDID@S TBIO 0S UDB B0lIBCl0D O0l IBll0l O0l 0OlICI0 QU0 Bl0[B lB PlCDlI0CIUIBl PSS0CIB~
Il0D ]M. O0l T.].
0!CDBIOI, UBSIB, `LyD0lD0I!C S0f0DOllIy. L0SH0lBHB, 0D PlC0I0CIur0l 0S@D, S0~
I0HDI0 O0 1bb, 8@. 39b.
lBZ0l, J0DD, 0II0S, 0HT/CDI0CIuI0 0S@R, BDlIl O0 174, 8@S. Z31Z3.
BDDBH, 0yD0l] BlK0l, BU NBll, 0IEI y lIC0, L0OlIC, M0D~lBD. PD 0x0lIH0DI lD
l00O0H, 0D M0W 0C0I, Z O0 HBlZ0 O0 1b, 8@S. 43b443.
TJ
UD0, cZf8,+sc CI teOO/ng |1934), 8 D0

& 8D0f, (CD0f0S, 191 (V0fSI0D CBSI0t8DB.+L
o eOtutO, c0IClCD0S y 180I0S 00 LSCOIUf8 f0BVB U0DI0IB]8, 80fI0, Z000).
D0BU, nCySICD (00.), 1DIDKID@ 8DCUI BfCD0CUf0 BD0 8DDID@ en AtOh/teOtutO Ue-
S0!00Df0 00 199, 8@S. 4b1.

1S 0D ID@0S SI@DIJC8 `HBSCCBS [N. 00
CI f00, MCW IS 0B00. CS0Cf808, 0D AtOhteOtutO UeS/gn, DCVI00Df0 00 19
.W

!0, DfS, ICDD@ D0 0DCSUl SBOCU8fy`, eD ArchteOtutO UeSgn 8@CSC 00 T9

?. 419Z.

D0D0CK, PD0f0W, Uy I8DCS y WCfDD@ICD JCDD `LLLlLc U I
CD rlP A h

0D 0I0I C P0
, , 0D tC rteOturO/ Ustgn, 0D0C 00 1973, 8@. .
lC-0DSI

I Ul0f, |CH8I0. Nne OhOnS C the mOOn, J.. LDCCI CHBDy NU0 B
ll800tIB, 193.
V
CK0DS0f U0f, HICD8f0, 4 t/m CCK [19Z9], L808 CUD0BIICD, PDUU0fU0, 197Z.
q
)0DyS00, J800S y PD0y, 8D, Wh/ S OOnSttuOtOn SO OOOkwOtO WI0y~PCB000y
0S0f, Z00.


1CKD,

CI P., L0DCS, I0btOOS y tOlteS }199J, JUC8S, 8fC0CD8, 19.

Jgiadec1D1eDIos
LD IlHBI lU@BI, B@IBOBCBI SU CDDllBD2B y BDyD B HBKl POBlDS. JBHD~
CD DUOlBSB SlOD DSlOlB BSB IBOB]D SlD HlS BHl@DS y SDClDS OB 41
IQulBCUIB cSOBI B@UIB, BVlBI LSBIB, 1DDl NDDBS y BDl OBIIB}
QUIBDBS, @IBClBS B SU BClBDClB lDlDlB BDB HlS BUSBDClBS y B lBS OlSCU
SlDDBS IDBtHlDBOlBS BD Bl OBSBCDD, DBD BDIBOD H8S OB lD QUB BQU
UBOB OBSCIlOIISB. @IBOB2CD BHOl0D B HD@BI OBH y HD@BI BB2 SU
BHlSBO, CDOllBDZB y CDlBODIBClD BD DUBSIBS BVBDUIBS OB lDS llHDS
BHDS. NBDClD BSBClBl BIB NDlS0S UBDB y HBHDD BUIB DI SU SBOl~
OUIB, @BDBIDSlOBO y BBOIlDBHlBDD.
DI UlIHD, HB @USBIB fBSBlBI Bl IBOB]D OB MBlBD MBD y NDBl NUI~
Dy, CUyB lBODI OB lDVBSI@BClD DB SlOD UDOBHBOBl BIB QUB UOBIB
llBVBI B CBOD BSB llOID. BSOB BQU DB@D OllCB HI @lBlUO DI SU OB
OlCBClD.
11