Tray Temperature: 80oF Vapor phase mass flow rate, G = 32,000 lb/hr Vapor phase density, G = 0.

0803 lb/ft3 Liquid phase mass flow rate, L = 65,000 lb/hr Liquid phase density, L = 62.4 lb/ft3 Viscosity = 0.85 cP 19 sieve trays, 2-ft or 24-in. spacing Flooding Velocity = 0.85 Shell & Head Materials = SA-516, grade 60 carbon steel Maximum Allowable Stress, S = 15,000 psi Design pressure, Pd = 15 psi Design temperature, Td = 277oF Weld Efficiency, E = 0.85 Corrosion allowance, CA = 0.125 in. 2:1 elliptical head of same thickness as the shell Density of carbon steel, s = 490 lb/ft3 Packing factor, Fp = 27 ft2/ ft3 Plate dimension = 3ft x 5ft

(a) Determine a reasonable tower diameter. FLG = (L/G) (G / L)1/2 = (65,000 lb/hr / 32,000 lb/hr) (0.0803 lb/ft3 / 62.4 lb/ft3) = 0.073 The parameter CSB is obtained from Figure 19.4 of Product and Process Design Principles (Seider et al., 2010),

Figure 19.4: Flooding Correlation for Sieve, Valve, and Bubble-cap trays. Given 24-in. tray spacing, and using FLG = 0.073, CSB = 0.37 ft/s

Density function, * + = = 1.1676

. ( )

( )

/ ( )

( )

Liquid viscosities, *

+ = 0.96(0.85)0.19 = 0.93

Leva flooding correlation, * * ( ( ) ) ( ( ) ) ( ( ) + ) +

Flooding velocity,

( )

+ *

/ ( (

) )(

( ) )( )

= 128 ft/s (460,800 ft/hr)

Given 85% flooding ( = 0.85), Tower diameter, DT = ,

( )

( ) /( )(

=,

= 1.14 ft = 13.68 in.

(b) The required thickness of shell for a distillation vertical column.

( (

) ( ) (

) )

(c) The height of a distillation tower (tangent to tangent). For a 24-in. tray spacing, a 10-ft high liquid bottom storage below the bottom tray and a 4-ft disengagement height above top tray is allowed. Given 19 trays, Height of tower = 18(24 in.) + 10ft (12 in./ft) + 4ft (12 in./ft) = 210 in. = 17.5 ft

(d) The weight of a distillation tower.

Wall thickness to withstand internal pressure, tp = =

( ( )(

+ CA
)( ) ) ( )

+ 0.125 in.

= 0.13 in. Outer diameter of tower, Do = Di + 2tp = 13.68 in.+ 2(0.13 in.) = 13.94 in. = 1.16 ft. Wall thickness to withstand wind load or earthquake at the bottom of the column, tw =
( ( (
(

) ) )( )
)

= 0.1 in. Average tower vessel wall thickness, tv = =

, ( )-

)-

= 0.18 in.

New outer diameter of tower, Do = Di + 2tv = 13.68 in. + 2 (0.18 in.) = 14.04 in. = 1.17 ft

Shell area of tower, As = Do L = (1.17 ft) (17.5 ft) = 64.32 ft2

Area of head, Ah = 1.084 Do2 = 1.084 (1.17 ft)2 = 1.48 ft2 Given density of carbon steel = 490 lb/ft3 Weight of shell = Solid volume of shell Density of carbon steel = =

. 0
(

/ 490 lb/ft3
)

1 (17.5 ft) 490 lb/ft3

= 466.72 lb Weight of head = Solid volume of head Density of carbon steel = =

. 0
(

/ 490 lb/ft3
)

1 490 lb/ft3

= 7.7 lb Total empty weight of the tower = weight of shell + 2 (weight of head) = 466.72 lb + 2(7.7 lb) = 482.12 lb

(e) The total bare module cost of a distillation column with ladders, platforms and trays. CP = FMCV + CPL CV = exp{7.2756 + 0.18255[ln(W)] + 0.02297[ln(W)]2} = exp{7.2756 + 0.18255[ln(482.12 lb)] + 0.02297[ln(482.12 lb)]2} = 10723.53 US$

CPL = 300.9 (Di)0.63316 (L)0.80161 = 300.9 (1.14 ft)0.63316 (17.5 ft)0.80161 = 3,242.53 US$

From Table 22.26 of Product and Process Design Principles (Seider et al., 2010) For carbon steel, FM = 1.0 CP = FMCV + CPL = (1.0)( 10,723.53 US$) + 3,242.53 US$ = 13,966.06 US$

Cost for installed trays, CT = NTFNTFTTFTMCBT Number of trays, NT = 19 As NT < 20, FNT = For sieve tray, FTT = 1 For carbon steel, FTM = 1 CBT = 468 exp (0.1739 Di) = 468 exp (0.1739 1.14 ft) = 570.61 CT = NTFNTFTTFTMCBT = (19)(1.04)(1)(1)(570.61) = 11,275.25 US$ Total cost of equipment purchase, CPE = 11,275.25 US$ + 13,966.06 US$ = 25,241.31US$ Total bare module cost, CBM = CPE x FBM = 25,241.31 US$ x 4.16 = 105,003.85 US$
( )