SmarTECH Overview

Radio Performance Optimisation
RAN network in process
Key Performance Nominal planning RAN optimisation
1 issue 11/09
TECHCOM Consulting TECHCOM.DE
Copyright All rights reserved

Service trace process for: Mobile Operator Network
Agilent/TECHCOM successfully perform a 3G RAN Network service

Iub/Iu data capturing
by Agilent DNA/SART
workshop in South Africa, November 2009. The operator bought in the past already the Agilent DNA and SART application to be able to troubleshoot 3G RAN related problems. Target of the workshop was to present the additional Agilent 3G RAN troubleshooting application data mining database to analyze high level KPI and drill down quickly to the root problems and RF Optimization application from smartTECH Following Performance KPI where seen in the network base on the 3 days Call Data Record generation for customers only at one RNC:
Vendor feature activation
Auto tuning enabled UL (max. range 20dB) Noise PwR-105 dBm default enabled UL Interference limitation deactivated EcNo Filter coefficient is default 600 ms RRM Reports)* TCP PWR is related to Release 99
Air interface analysis

by TECHtrace
2 issue 11/09

Content
Monitoring during Call Setup (RRC connection request)
Quality Analysis EC/I0 (all calls, RT, NRT) Interference Analysis Little i (all calls, RT, NRT) Propagation Delay (all calls, RT, NRT - call setup versus distance)
Monitoring during SHO (Event 1A best active cell)

SHO Window (all calls, RT, NRT) Cell Matrix
Monitoring of RSCP (all calls, RT, NRT) Monitoring of load
Transmitted Carrier Power Received Total Wideband Power
Conclusions
quality Suggestions
Key Performance Nominal planning RAN optimisation
Node B
3 issue 11/09

Service architecture
RAN analyzing
Tracing Data filtering analyzing Benchmark
Monitoring
Service process
GIS UE analyzing
Agilent
RAN Monitoring with DNA/SART Route cause trouble shooting CDR/CSSR diagnostics Signalling analysis UTRAN
RPO/KPI
4 issue 11/09

SW tools
We used
SmartTECH solutions DNA/SART
3G RAN/UTRAN performance
smartRadio
Benchmark with
OSS KPI (tools) RANPAR (vendor)
Cell/GIS MAP performance
Interference monitoring
smartInfo
GIS/MAP & QoS
smartRAN
RANPAR-library OSS/RANPAR
smartCount
KPI -library OSS/counter
Protocol analysis SART

5 issue 11/09 TECHCOM Consulting TECHCOM.DE Copyright All rights reserved

Monitoring during Call Setup - Busy hour - RRC Connection set-up Quality Analysis EC/I0 (all calls, RT, NRT Interference Analysis Little i (all calls, RT, NRT) Propagation Delay (all calls, RT, NRT - call setup versus distance)
RAN analyzing
RNC
[RACH] RRC:RRC Connection Request
RRC Connection Setup phase

AC to check to accept or reject RRC Connection Request
NBAP: RL Setup Request

Start TX/RX NBAP: RL Setup Response
ALCAP:ERQ ALCAP:ECF [FACH] RRC: RRC Connection Setup
6 issue 11/09

EC/I0 map from trouble shooting at Iub
GIS UE analyzing
Ec/Io Ec/Io
Break point to initiate HO events
RSCP
7 issue 11/09

Monitoring during Call Setup - Busy hour - RRC Connection set-up
Quality Analysis EC/I0 (all calls, RT, NRT)
RAN analyzing
Number of cells versus median Ec/Io, for RT calls
Medium Ec/Io of cells for RT
Reference RAN Parameter range for good/acceptable quality: Ec/Io = -3 dB -8 dB Busy hours In general, during RRC connection request statistics describes acceptable median Ec/Io conditions, which are similar both for RT and NRT calls.

Quality Analysis EC/I0 (all calls, RT, NRT) Number of cells versus median Ec/Io, for NRT calls Ec/Io of cells for NRT less good then RT
RAN analyzing
Reference RAN Parameter range for good/acceptable quality: Ec/Io = -3 dB -8 dB Busy hours In general, during RRC connection request statistics describes acceptable median Ec/Io conditions. Some cells show a median Ec/Io below the good quality threshold of -8 dB. The worst cells for all calls are (both cell ID and SC is indicated):

Monitoring during SHO (Event 1A best active cell) P-RACH:
Out of Synchronization, high UL RTWP Open loop Power control, initial PwR, Ec/Io offset -20 dB (required SIR - operator parameter) Timer for P-RACH PwR ramping C1 (UL/DL in-balance - CCCH > PwR max MS)
Conclusions
P-RACH - Ec/Io analyzing
Initial RACH power = 33 (-95 dBm) 105 dBm 17 = 6 dBm correct with normal UL- interference level Initial RACH power = 33 (-100 dBm) 97 dBm 17 = 19 dBm For PS NRT = too low coverage - too high PwR for RACH necessary, Pmax UE= 21 dBm.
Initial RACH power: CPICH Tx power RSCP + RTWP + Required Received C/I DPCCH_Initial PwR: TxCPICH CPICH_RSCP + RTWP + SIRDPCCH 10 log (SF DPCCH)

Little i map from trouble shooting at Iub
GIS UE analyzing
CELL A CELL C CELL B
other cell interference Total _ Rx _ powerother own cell interference Total _ Rx _ powerown
11 issue 11/09

Interference Analysis Little i (all calls, RT, NRT) Number of cells versus median little i, for RT calls
RAN analyzing
The strongest interfered cells during RT call setup with median little i > 1 are
Little i of cells for RT
Number of cells versus median little i, for NRT calls
Little i of cells for NRT less good then RT

A huge fraction of the cells shows a median little i of 1 and higher (this means, that the adjacent cell interference exceeds the own cell one).

Propagation Delay (all calls, RT, NRT - call setup versus distance) Number of cells versus median propagation delay, for RT calls
RAN analyzing
PD distribution of cells max 7.5 km/RT
For RT calls, the median propagation delay ranges typically from 6-24 chips, corresponding to about 0.5 to 1.9 km. Some cells, however, show a very large median extension of up to 96 chips (about 7.5 km).
Number of cells versus median propagation delay, for NRT calls

For NRT a higher median propagation delay is indicated than for RT calls, typically ranging from 9-30 chips. Much more cells now show a median propagation delay of 18 chips and higher. The more distance access explains the higher adjacent cell interference for NRT calls.
PD distribution of cells max 5.5 km/NRT
13 issue 11/09

Conclusions
Little i is too much
More Antenna tilting Less CPICH overshooting Change/downgrade service request on cell edge for NRT Little i PD analyzing
Cell range:
Some cells show a very large median extension of up to 96 chips (about 7.5 km). The more distance access explains the higher adjacent cell interference for NRT calls.
14 issue 11/09

Monitoring during SHO (Event 1A best active cell) SHO Window (all calls, RT, NRT)
Cell Matrix RSCP (all calls, RT, NRT)
New Node B Drift
RNC
RAN analyzing
Serving Event 1A,C event-triggered

RNSAP: RL Setup Request
RNC
RRC: Measurement Report NBAP: RL Setup NBAP: RL Setup Response RNSAP: RL Setup Response Iub Bearer Setup UP FP: Downlink Synch. UP FP: Uplink Synch. RRC: Active Set Update (RL Addition, Deletion, Replacement) RRC: Active Set Update Complete DCH DL RLC AMD rrcMeasurementControl

SHO Window (all calls, RT, NRT)
SHO addition Window E1A is too late trigged : UE is often released, due to too late E1A and CDR goes up Low add. Window offset < 4 dB (serving cell adjacent cell) reduce SHO overhead KPI at least no overlap of cells coverage gaps are produced. RAN analyzing
Ec/Io/RSCP Ec/Io/RSCP
The consequence of the delayed SHO process decrease the coverage area.
Too late trigger from cell AA- B
+ 4 dB offset
SHO area CELL A Neighbour

CELL B Serving
16 issue 11/09

SHO Window (all calls, RT, NRT) Number of cells versus median event 1a window, for RT calls
RAN analyzing
Too late active update too small SHO overhead
Too early active set update enlarge SHO overhead
For RT calls the SHO performance is consistent with an addition window of 4 dB. In most cells the median EC/I0 difference between server and best neighbor indicated by the first event 1A report is not much lower than this threshold. The SHO process is initiated in time, when the server still is clearly dominating.

SHO Window (all calls, RT, NRT) Number of cells versus median event 1a window, for NRT calls
RAN analyzing
Too late active update too small SHO overhead
Too early active set update enlarge SHO overhead
Very late active set update of controllable service comparing with RT

For NRT calls the first event 1A report indicates a lower median quality difference between server and best neighbor in comparison to RT calls. The SHO process is initiated with delay, the dominance of the server is already weak in comparison to the neighbor.

SHO overhead - trace results at NW/cell layer (example)
If SHO E1A window < 4 dB than too early E1A trigger, small SHO area E1A in small SHO areas, by high interference
Coverage holes/no cell overlap), averaging of filter coefficient, caused E1A trigger
RAN analyzing
low Interference
Release margin
High Interference
Too late E1A trigger, big SHO/power overlap area - Release margin will drop UE
Most significant causes at Cell layer e.g neighbor cell 18dB stronger than serving cell

Conclusions
Event 1A analyzing
Results:
In most cells the median Ec/Io difference between server and best neighbor indicated by the first event 1A report is not much lower than recommended threshold 2 dB3 dB. But please change shift Ec/Io filter coefficient from 600 ms to 400 ms.
20 issue 11/09

Cell matrix evaluations and improvements (description)
Cell Matrix
RAN analyzing
(CPICH SC)
Cell Matrix report show adjacent cell properties in particular serving cell: N (number) - Serving cell visibility = Number of 1a reports indicating serving cell ADJ N (number) - Adjacent cell visibility = Number of 1a reports indicating adjacent cell ADJ WIN_E1A - Average adjacent cell window offset (dB) ADJ i - Adjacent cell Little i * visibility INTRA - Adjacent DL SC (cell) is from same site (Node B)
21 issue 11/09 TECHCOM Consulting TECHCOM.DE
Visibility =
Number of reports indicating cell n / Total number of reports
Example to add a cell to become active set enhancements, e.g. 153 times of E1a reports indicating in ADJ 1a/SC 25 (adjacent cell update) and the addition window offset is measured only by 1.24 dB, recommended parameter 4 dB too late access for new cell

Cell Matrix
Conclusions
Cell matrix analyzing
Results: As example the cell matrix of cell 14683 is shown - see cell matrix analysis.
We consider too long list of neighbors. CPICH over-shooting
22 issue 11/09

Monitoring of RSCP (all calls, RT, NRT)
RSCP (all calls, RT, NRT)
Busy Hours
Even in SHO, for RT calls in many cases an acceptable median coverage is indicated. RAN analyzing
Number of cells versus median RSCP, for RT calls
Reference RAN Parameter range for good/acceptable coverage: RSCP = -85 dBm -95 dBm
23 issue 11/09

Monitoring of RSCP (all calls, RT, NRT)
RSCP (all calls, RT, NRT)
Busy Hours
Even in SHO, for NRT calls the median coverage is lower than for RT ones, much more cells now are below the acceptable RSCP threshold of -95 dBm. This is a consequence of the delayed SHO process. RAN analyzing
Number of cells versus median RSCP, for NRT calls
Reference RAN Parameter range for good/acceptable coverage: RSCP = -85 dBm -95 dBm
24 issue 11/09

RSCP map from trouble shooting at Iub
GIS UE analyzing
PwR (dBm) dBm)
RSSI
Ec/Io
Ec/Io
RSCP
distance
25 issue 11/09

Monitoring during SHO (Event 1A best active cell) Conclusion:
Shift filter values for E1A Ec/Io requirements (see also chapter SHO) This will improve RSCP (coverage due to MDC/MRC & SHO gain) DYLO already impacts too early NRT service activation at cell edge (feature) down grades service request at cell edge decrease coverage & improve capacity, but due to high little i values (RT > 1) especially for NRT 1 2, we consider too much overshooting of adjacencies at cell level power. Summery: Small SHO areas (too late E1A activation) and high neighbor cell PwR overshooting (little i for NRT) decrease services, therefore total interference will increase and coverage will decrease but DYLO can not compensate all negative impacts of interference.
Too late E1a
Conclusions
Event 1A/ coverage RSCP
Too early entering trigger offset threshold
PtxRL Ptxmax Offset
Triggering of DyLO Ptxave

Time/ distance
26 issue 11/09

Monitoring of load
Monitoring of load Transmitted Carrier Power Received Total Wideband Power
New Node B Drift
RNC
RAN analyzing
Serving Event 1A,C event-triggered

RNSAP: RL Setup Request
RNC
RRC: Measurement Report NBAP: RL Setup NBAP: RL Setup Response RNSAP: RL Setup Response Iub Bearer Setup UP FP: Downlink Synch. UP FP: Uplink Synch. RRC: Active Set Update (RL Addition, Deletion, Replacement) RRC: Active Set Update Complete DCH DL RLC AMD rrcMeasurementControl

Monitoring of load
Transmitted Carrier Power
DL performance (Tx PwR)
total transmitted power Ptx Total area [dBm] 43 dBm
Ptx Target [dBm] + PtxOffset [dB]
RAN analyzing
Overloaded area for 20 W

41dBm 40 dBm
Marginal Load Area 1

Decrease power to perform more capacity by less neighbour interference in RSSI part
More coverage
More feasible load and coverage with more PwR but much more interference in received part
Ptx Target [dBm]
37.5 dBm Fixed PwR.
DL
Causes of DL interference:
Too much common Ch PwR User down link service allocation TX IMP (3rd order) CPICH over shouting
Ptx _ total Ptx _ BTS , max
CCCH
capacity
TECHCOM Consulting TECHCOM.DE Copyright All rights reserved
load ()
More visible capacity and coverage, but more inter cell interference
28 issue 11/09

Monitoring of load
Raw TCP versus time for cell 10873
RAN analyzing
Busy Hours
The median TCP within the network is low. The highest load is indicated for cell 10873, with a median TCP of 27.5 % of the maximum cell power. The median TCP, however, is not very informative, as the load undergoes very strong short term fluctuations. On the other side the raw TCP measurements indicate, that even the cell with highest load seldom is in overload state.

Monitoring of load
Conclusions
DL Tx PwR analyzing Results/conclusion: No congestions due to low overload situations. The highest load is indicated for cell 10873 (< 30% median max. load)
30 issue 11/09

Monitoring of load
Received Total Wideband Power High interference level due to IMP and traffic load limits service and throughput in the cell per user It limits also coverage area of cells
I other cells PwR rise (dBm)
RAN analyzing
PrxOffset PrxTarget
I own cell
LRT UnloadedRT (2%) and LNRT UnloadedNRT (1%) Sum (3%) Thermal noise -108 dBm + Io 3% 25 % 30 % 60 % load
31 issue 11/09

Monitoring of load
Received Total Wideband Power
Raw RTWP versus time for cell 16822
RAN analyzing
Busy Hours
The median RTWP within the network is very high, ranking from about -97 to -95 dBm for all cells, which is far above the default overload threshold. There is also a considerable fluctuation, as shown here for cell 16822, the cell with highest instability.

Monitoring of load
Received Total Wideband Power
Conclusions
UL RTWP analyzing
Results/conclusion:

Too much interference within UL direction Little i within UL direction is too high and/or out of band IM (e.g. video cameras) RRC performance can suffer. In-balance of UL/DL path loss auto tuning saves capacity within cell, already enabled, but too much little i Auto tuning can perform high UL sensitivity and save need of services within cells. But it will reduce cell coverage too Use GIS analysis to detect UE faults and interference causes
33 issue 11/09

Geo data map & user allocation (GIS)
t5
GIS UE analyzing
t4
t3 Broadcast pilot t1 t2
Mobility and Events UE specific
Evaluations by
Drive testing reduction Use probing, make analysis more quick Benchmark with OSS - RANPAR/KPI
Movement of UE
34 issue 11/09

Call trace no simulations from trouble shooting at Iub
GIS UE analyzing
Only about 50-100 m offset from correct course of the roads due to prediction error
35 issue 11/09

Service trace process
3G RPO service
GIS - profile
service management
Agilent/TECHCOM successfully perform 3G RAN

diagnostic systems. The new applications can optimize the radio & signaling performance of RNC areas. GIS service management (PoP/PoS) OSS counter /KPI improvements RANPAR tuning and radio monitoring without drive test Agilent 3G RAN troubleshooting application using data mining database to analyze high level KPI and drill down quickly to the root problems and RF optimization application from smartTECH
Cell Service capability

RNC benchmark
36 issue 11/09

Cell service capability
smartRadio
UTRAN benchmark
RANPAR,KPI,GIS
advanced service:
smartRAN
RANPAR-library OSS/RANPAR
smartCount
KPI -library OSS/counter
Detecting of user service utilisation within cells Overall NW throughput performance detection Design of service MAP with data rate capability Traffic analysis within networks BLER optimization by RANPAR calibration Drive test substitution and fault detection
smartInfo
GIS/MAP & QoS
RNC analysis by SART


smartRadio
Cell/GIS MAP performance
Detection of RANPAR values

Little i (PwR overlap) PDU credit delivery Cell orthogonality RSCP, Ec/Io etc.

e.g. BLER/SIR target improvements
smartInfo
GIS/MAP & QoS
Protocol analysis SART


2MB/area 2 CELL A
CELL C
throughput performance
CELL B
0.5 MB/area 1

Cell throughput & capacity improvement Vendor feature Eb/No flexible adjustable Service-specific, Quality-Target on Rx-Diversity Streaming Service on DCH or HSPA Orthogonality adjustable
Eb/No parameters can be configured by operator (parameter object). Final DCH Eb/No must be determined for throughput & power estimations.
39 issue 11/09

Geo information system (GIS)
UE service management
GIS, PoP, PoS
smartInfo
GIS/MAP & QoS
advanced service:
User service providing platform 7/24 Google application without GPS/MS New services (security, Point of Present) New dedicated LBS flat rates Virtual shopping market placement
Always on by SART/DNA

Flexible - experienced - quick
We bring
technologies and learning products in time to markets
made by
Please contact: TECHCOM Consulting D-82041 Oberhaching / Munich
phone: fax: +49-89-638-488-0 +49-89-638-488-99
e mail:
TRAINING@techcom.de
41 issue 11/09

SmarTECH Overview

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Radio Performance Optimisation

RAN network in process

Key Performance Nominal planning RAN optimisation

TECHCOM Consulting TECHCOM.DE

Copyright All rights reserved

Radio Performance Optimisation

Agilent/TECHCOM successfully perform a 3G RAN Network service

Air interface analysis

TECHCOM Consulting TECHCOM.DE

Copyright All rights reserved

Radio Performance Optimisation

Monitoring during SHO (Event 1A best active cell)

Monitoring of RSCP (all calls, RT, NRT) Monitoring of load

Transmitted Carrier Power Received Total Wideband Power

TECHCOM Consulting TECHCOM.DE

Copyright All rights reserved

Radio Performance Optimisation

Tracing Data filtering analyzing Benchmark

TECHCOM Consulting TECHCOM.DE

Copyright All rights reserved

Radio Performance Optimisation

Cell/GIS MAP performance

Protocol analysis SART

Radio Performance Optimisation

[RACH] RRC:RRC Connection Request

RRC Connection Setup phase

NBAP: RL Setup Request

ALCAP:ERQ ALCAP:ECF [FACH] RRC: RRC Connection Setup

TECHCOM Consulting TECHCOM.DE

Copyright All rights reserved

Radio Performance Optimisation

Break point to initiate HO events

TECHCOM Consulting TECHCOM.DE

Copyright All rights reserved

Radio Performance Optimisation

Number of cells versus median Ec/Io, for RT calls

Medium Ec/Io of cells for RT

Radio Performance Optimisation

Radio Performance Optimisation

Radio Performance Optimisation

CELL A CELL C CELL B

TECHCOM Consulting TECHCOM.DE

Copyright All rights reserved

Radio Performance Optimisation

Little i of cells for RT

Number of cells versus median little i, for NRT calls

Little i of cells for NRT less good then RT

Radio Performance Optimisation

PD distribution of cells max 7.5 km/RT

Number of cells versus median propagation delay, for NRT calls

PD distribution of cells max 5.5 km/NRT

TECHCOM Consulting TECHCOM.DE

Copyright All rights reserved

Radio Performance Optimisation

TECHCOM Consulting TECHCOM.DE

Copyright All rights reserved

Radio Performance Optimisation

Serving Event 1A,C event-triggered

Radio Performance Optimisation

Too late trigger from cell AA- B

SHO area CELL A Neighbour

Copyright All rights reserved

Radio Performance Optimisation

Too late active update too small SHO overhead