Determination of absorption Band spectrum of a given solution(KMnO4)

Absorption Spectroscopy
Absorption spectroscopy is used to analyze a substance based on the absorption of light by the substance as the electrons in the substance are promoted from one energy level to another. The wavelength at which the incident photon is absorbed is determined by the difference in the energy levels available

Absorption lines from the Sun's spectra

Absorption spectroscopy refers to a range of techniques employing the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. In absorption spectroscopy, the intensity of a beam of light of measured before and after interaction with a sample is compared.

Basic principle of Absorption spectroscopy

Theory
If a glass, liquid or transparent solid substances is placed between a continuous source and a spectrometer, the substance absorb the certain part of the spectrum. Hence in the continuous spectrum of the source a few dark lines or band will be appear. This spectrum is called the absorption spectrum of the substance. The absorbed frequencies are the characteristics of the absorber. This selective absorption depend on the electronic, vibrational or rotational energy levels of the molecule of the substance.

Basic apparatus
A Constant Deviation Spectroscope. A Hg vapour lamp (source of line spectra) A source of white light( Incandescent lamp) A cuvette for KMnO4 solution.

A Constant Deviation Spectrometer

Pellin-Brocha Prism

The prism is commonly used to separate a single required wavelength from a light beam containing multiple wavelengths.

Mercury Vapour Lamp

At the heart of the lamp is an arc tube which is fabricated from quartz, with a tungsten electrode disposed at either end. The tube contains a few milligrams of mercury and around 25-50 torr of pure argon as a buffer gas to carry the discharge while the lamp warms up, producing heat to vaporize the mercury and bring it into the discharge.

Mercury Line spectrum

Observations for Calibration of the Spectrometer

Wavelength of Hg Lines Position of Spectral Lines V1 (Degrees) Position of Spectral Lines

(nm)

V12(Degrees)

404.656 407.784

Calibration Curve
Position of the Spectral Line ( Degrees)

Wavelength of the Spectral Line (nm)

Wavelength of Absorption Bands

Wavelength of Absorption Bands

Position of the Spectral Line ( Degrees)

Green Region of Continuous Spectrum

Wavelength of the Spectral Line (nm)