Trng i hc bch khoa h ni

Khoa in T Vin Thng ----- -----

BO CO BI TP LN

MN K THUT VI X L
ti: THIT K MCH QUANG BO
Gio vin hng dn: Phm Ngc Nam Sinh vin thc hin: Ng Hong Anh Dng Trung Huyn Nguyn Xun Tin ng Hu Tng (TN) Nguyn Trung Thu Lp: T9 K47

^]11/2005^]

Li ni u
Song hnh vi s pht trin ca ngnh khoa hc my tnh trong hn 60 nm qua, cng ngh in t c nhng bc tin vt bc vi kh nng tch hp ngy cng cao ca vi mch t gip tng tc tc x l, nng cao tin cy v gim gi thnh sn phm. T nhng ng dng ban u ch yu trong lnh vc qun s v my tnh ca cc b vi x l, ngy nay, s ra i ca cc h vi iu khin vi vic tch hp cc khi chc nng trn mt IC, cc vi x l chuyn dng, cng vi th mnh vn c ca cc b vi x l a nng gip cho vic ng dng k thut vi x l vo trong cc h thng phi my tnh tr nn n gin hn, m rng i tng ng dng cc thnh qu ca ngnh cng nghip in t hin i ny. Ta c th thy ng dng ca chng trong cc h thng my tnh ln, cc h thng vin thng cho n cc sn phm quen thuc nh my git, iu ha, n giao thng,... Trong khun kh bi tp ln ny, vi mc ch tm hiu ng dng thc t ca k thut vi x l, nhm chng em la chn ti thit k mch quang bo ng dng k thut vi x l.

MC LC
Li ni u

I. Tng quan II. S khi III. S nguyn l IV. Cc IC v linh kin s dng trong mch 1. AT89C51 2. Thanh ghi dch 74HC595 3. ULN2803 4. LED ma trn 8x8 V. Nguyn l v tc dng linh kin VI. Chng trnh VII. Nhn xt, kt lun, hng m rng ti Ti liu tham kho

4 5 5 5 5 21 23 24 25 26 29 31

I. Tng quan
Gii thiu sn phm: Mch quang bo nhm thc hin l mch c chc nng hin th ni dung trn ma trn im. Ni dung ny c th dch chuyn t phi sang tri. Ni dung cn hin th c np trc vo trong b nh ca vi iu khin trong qu trnh np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. Mi khi cn thay i ni dung hin th cn np li chng trnh cho vi iu khin. La chn cc linh kin: thc hin mt sn phm nh trn quy m nh ta c th s dng cc h vi iu khin khc nhau nh AVR, PIC, 8051 hay vi x l a nng nh 8086. Tuy nhin, tit kim chi ph cng nh xt trn kh nng mua cc chip trn trn th trng, ti liu nghin cu v chng, b Kit pht trin, nhm em la chn AT89C51 lm vi iu khin cho mch quang bo ny. Ngoi ra, cc linh kin khc hon ton d kim trn th trng hin nay.

II. S khi

Khi ngun 220VAC 5VDC

Khi vi iu khin AT89C51

iu khin v khuch i cng sut hng

iu khin hin th (74HC595)

Khi hin th Led ma trn 8x32

Khuch i cng sut ct (ULN2803)

III. S nguyn l (km theo): file mach quang bao.pdf IV. Cc IC v cc linh kin s dng trong mch: 1. AT89C51 - Tng thch vi cc sn phm thuc h vi iu khin MCS-51 - C 4 Kbyte b nh flash, kh nng ghi/xa 1000 ln
5

- Lm vic vi tn s 0Hz 24MHz - Kha b nh chng trnh 3 mc - 128 x 8 bit RAM ni - 32 ng xut/nhp lp trnh c - 2 b nh thi/m 16 bit
- 6 ngun ngt - Knh ni tip lp trnh c - Ch tiu th t nng lng

a/ Cc chn ca IC 89C51

- Vcc: ni vi in p ngun - GND: ni t - Port 0: cng xut/nhp 8 bit. Khi lm cng xut, mi chn c th ghp ni vi 8 u vo TTL. Khi cc chn mc 1, cc chn ny c th c dng lm u vo tr khng cao. Ngoi ra, khi truy cp ti chng trnh v d liu bn ngoi, port 0 c th c s dng lm bus a ch thp/ d
6

liu a hp. Port ny c th dng nhn chng trnh np vo Flash hoc kim tra - Port 1: cng xut/nhp 8 bit, cc b m ra c th ghp ni vi 4 u vo TTL. Cc chn ny c th lm u vo khi tt c c thit lp mc 1. Port 1 nhn cc byte a ch thp trong qu trnh ghi chng trnh v kim tra. - Port 2: cng xut/nhp 8 bit, cc b m ra c th ghp ni vi 4 u vo TTL. Cc chn ny c th lm u vo khi tt c c thit lp mc 1. Port 2 truyn byte a ch cao ca bus a ch vi cc thit k c b nh chng trnh ngoi hoc cc thit k c nhiu hn 256 byte b nh d liu ngoi. Port 2 cng nhn cc bit a ch cao v mt vi tn hiu iu khin trong qu trnh np chng trnh v kim tra. - Port 3: cng xut/nhp 8 bit, cc b m ra c th ghp ni vi 4 u vo TTL. Khi tt c cc chn mc 1, Port 3 thc hin nhn d liu. Ngoi ta, Port cn phc v mt s chc nng c bit ca AT89C51 nh: Bit P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.4 P3.5 P3.6 P3.7 Tn RXD RXT INT0 INT1 T0 T1 WR RD a ch bit Chc nng B0H B1H B2H B3H B4H B5H B6H B7H Chn nhn d liu ca port ni tip Chn pht d liu ca port ni tip Ng vo ngt ngoi 0 Ng vo ngt ngoi 1 Ng vo ca b nh thi/m 0 Ng vo ca b nh thi/m 1 iu khin ghi b nh ngoi iu khin c b nh ngoi

Port 3 cng nhn mt s tn hiu iu khin trong qu trnh np chng trnh v kim tra - RST: u vo reset. Khi chn ny mc cao trong 2 chu k my khi osccilator ang hot ng th IC s c reset

- ALE/PROG: chn cho php cht a chia ra xung cht byte a ch thp trong qu trnh truy cp b nh ngoi. Chn ny cng ng vi tr u vo xung chng trnh PROG trong qu trnh np chng trnh. iu kin bnh thng, tn hiu pht ra t chn ny c tn s bng 1/6 tn s ca mch dao ng trong chip v c th c s dng lm xung clock - PSEN: chn cho php b nh chng trnh. Khi AT89C51 thc thi cc lnh t b nh chng trnh ngoi, chn ny c tch cc 2 ln trong mi chu k my -EA/Vpp: chn ny phi ni t IC c th tm m t cc nh chng trnh ngoi bt u t a ch 0000H n FFFFH (64Kbyte). IC tm v thc thi cc lnh ca chng trnh trong b nh ni, chn ny cn ni vi Vcc. Chn ny cng nhn in p cho php ghi chng trnh 12V trong qu trnh np chng trnh. - XTAL1: u vo ca b khuch i dao ng o - XTAL2: u ra ca b khuch i dao ng o b/ T chc b nh B nh bn trong chip bao gm ROM, RAM va EPROM. RAM trn chip bao gm vng RAM a chc nng, vng RAM vi tng bit c nh a ch, cc dy thanh ghi (bank) v cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit. C 2 c tnh ng lu : + Cc thanh ghi v cc port I/O c nh a ch theo kiu nh x b nh v c truy xut nh mt v tr nh trong b nh. + Vng track thng tr trong RAM trn chip thay v trong RAM ngoi nh i vi cc b vi x l. Chi tit b nh d liu trn chip:

FFFF

FFFF

Code
Memory Enable via PSEN
FF

Data Memory Enable via RD and WR

0000

0000

On- chip Memory

External Memory Tm tt khng gian nh ca chip

* Vng RAM a mc ch: C 80 byte, a ch t 30H n 7FH Bt c v tr no trong vng RAM ta u c th truy xut t do bng cch s dng nh a ch trc tip hoc gin tip. V d: + Kiu nh a ch trc tip: MOV A, 5FH ;c ni dung ti a ch 5FH ca RAM ;vo thanh cha A. + Kiu nh a ch gin tip: (Qua cc thanh ghi R0,R1) MOV R0, #5FH ; Di chuyn gi tr5FH vo thanh ghi R0 MOV A, @R0 ; Di chuyn d liu tr ti R0 vo thanh cha A * Vng RAM nh a ch

Chip 89C51 cha 210 v tr nh a ch trong c 128 byte cha trong cc byte a ch 20H n 2FH (16 byte x 8 = 128 bits), phn cn li cha trong cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit. Cng dng: + Truy xut cc bit ring r thng qua cc phn mm. + Cc port c th nh a ch tng bit, lm n gin vic giao tip bng phn mm vi cc thit b xut nhp n bit. V d: + Set bit trc tip: SETB 67H; lnh lm nhim v set bit 67H bng 1 + Hoc ta c th s dng lnh sau set bt 67H l bit ln nht ca byte 2CH: MOV A,2CH MOV 2CH,A ; c c byte ; Ghi tr li c byte ORL A,#10000000B ;Tc dung set bit

FF General purfose RAM

7F 7E 30 2F 77 67 57 47 37 27 17 76 66 56 46 36 26 16 6F 6E 5F 5E 4F 4E 3F 3E 2F 2E 1F 1E

7D 75 6D 65 5D 55 4D 45 3D 35 2D 25 1D 15

7C 74 6C 64 5C 54 4C 44 3C 34 2C 24 1C 14

7B 73 6B 63 5B 53 4B 43 3B 33 2B 23 1B 13

7A 72 6A 62 5A 52 4A 42 3A 32 2A 22 1A 12

79 71 69 61 59 51 49 41 39 31 29 21 19 11

78 70 68 60 58 50 48 40 38 30 28 20 18 10

10

0F 0E 07 06 BANK 3 BANK 2 20 1F BANK 1

0D 05

0C 04

0B 03

0A 02

09 01

08 00

Default registor bank for R0-R7

00

* Cc dy thanh ghi: C a ch t 00H n 1FH, 32 v tr thp nht ca b nh ni cha cc dy thanh ghi. Cc lnh ca 89C51 h tr 8 thanh ghi t R0 n R7 (mc nh thuc bank 0 sau khi reset h thng)
FF F0 E0 D0 B8 B0
F7 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 F0

B ACC PSW IP P3 IE

E7

E6

E5

E4

E3

E2

E1

E0

D7

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

D1

D0

BC

BB

BA

B9

B8

B7

B6

B5

B4

B3

B2

B1

B0

A8 AF A0

AC

AB

AA

A9

A8

11

A0

A7

A6

A5

A4

A3

A2

A1

A0

P2 SBUF

Not bit addressable

99 98

9F

9E

9D

9C

9B

9A

99

98

SCON P1 TH1 TH0 TL1 TL0 TMOD

97

96

95

94

93

92

91

90

90
Not bit addressable Not bit addressable Not bit addressable Not bit addressable Not bit addressable

8D 8C 8B 8A 89 88 87

8F

8E

8D

8C

8B

8A

89

88

TCON PCON DPH DPL SP

Not bit addressable

Not bit addressable

83 82 81 80

Not bit addressable Not bit addressable 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80

PO

B nh d liu trn chip

* Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit (SFR) Khng phi tt c 128 a ch t 80H n FFH u c nh ngha m ch c 21 a ch c nh ngha. Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit bao gm: + T trng thi chng trnh PSW: c a ch l D0H

12

Bit PSW.7 PSW.6 PSW.5 PSW.4 PSW.3

K hiu a ch M t CY AC F0 RS1 RS0 D7H D6H D5H D4H D3H C Nh C nh ph C 0 Chn dy thanh ghi 1 Chnh dy thanh ghi 0 00 = bank 0: a ch t 00F n 07H 01 = bank 1: a ch t 08F n 0FH 10 = bank 2: a ch t 00F n 07H 11 = bank 3: a ch t 00F n 07H

PSW.2 PSW.1 PSW.0

OV P

D2H D1H D0H

C trn D tr C kim tra chn l

+ Thanh ghi B: C a ch F0H c dng chung vi thanh cha A trong cc php ton nhn v chia. + Con tr Stack (SP) : l thanh ghi 8 bit a ch 81H, n cha a ch ca d liu hin ang nh ca stack. + Con tr d liu DPTR: - Dng truy xut b nh chng trnh ngoi hoc b nh d liu ngoi. - DPTR l thanh ghi 16 bit c a ch 82H (byte thp ) v 83H (byte cao). V d: MOV A, #55H ;Np hng d liu 55H v thanh cha A ; con tr DPTR MOV @DPTR, A ; Chuyn d liu t A vao RAM ngoi ; ti a ch DPTR tr ti. + Cc thanh ghi port: - Port 0 : a ch 80H
13

MOV DPTR, %1000 ;Np hng a ch 16 bit 1000H cho

- Port 1 : a ch 90H - Port 2 : a ch A0H - Port 3 : a ch B0H + Cc thanh ghi nh thi: 8951 c 2 b nh thi/m dng nh khong thi gian hoc m cc s kin. - B nh thi 0: a ch 8AH (TL0 ) va 8CH (TH0) - B nh thi 1: a ch 8bH (TL1 ) va 8DH (TH1) Hot ng ca b nh thi c thit lpbi thanh ghi ch nh thi TMOD a ch 89H v thanh ghi ieu khin b nh thi TCON a ch 88H (ch c TCON c nh a ch tng bit) + Cc thanh ghi ca port ni tip: Chip 8951 c 1 port ni tip truyn thng vi cc thit b nh cc thit b u cui hoc modem... + Cc thanh ghi ngt: c mt cu trc ngt vi 2 mc u tin v 5 nguyn nhn ngt. Cc ngt b v hiu ho sau khi Reset h thng v c php bng cch vo thanh ghi IE a ch A8H. Mc u tin ngt c thit lp bi thanh ghi IP a ch B8H. + Thanh ghi iu khin ngun: PCON c a ch 87H. c/ Tm tt tp lnh Thng qua vic kho st cc kiu nh a ch v cc v d trn cc tnh hung lp trnh in hnh chng ta tip cn tp lnh ca h MCS-51. Cc kiu nh a ch. C 8 kiu nh a ch : + Thanh ghi.: VD: MOV PSW,#00011000B + Trc tip : VD: MOV P1, A + Gin tip: VD: MOV A,@R0 + Tc thi:
14

VD: MOV A, #54 + Tng i: VD: SJMP THREE :Nhy n nhn THREE + Tuyt i: VD: AJMP THREE + Di: + Ch s. VD: JMP @A+DPTR

Cc loi lnh: C 5 nhm lnh: + Nhm lnh s hc. ADD A , ngun: Cng ton hng ngun vo A ADD A, #data : Cng d liu data vi A ADDC A, ngun: Cng ngun vi A v c nh. ADDC A, #data : Cng d liu data vi A v c nh. SUBB A, ngun: Tr A vi ngun SUBB A, #data : Tr A vi data INC A DEC A INC DPTR MUL DIV DA AB AB A : Tngni dung thanh ghi A ln 1 : Gim ni dung thanh ghi A ln 1 : Tng DPTR : Nhn ni dung thanh ghi A v B : Chia A cho B : Hiu chnh thp phn thanh ghi A AND

+ Nhm lnh Logic. ANL A, ngun ANL A, #data ANL direct, A

15

ANL direct , #data ORL A, ngun ORL A, #data ORL direct, A ORL direct , #data XRL A, ngun XRL A, #data XRL direct, A XRL direct , #data CLR A CPL A RL A RLC A RR A RRC A SWAP A Xo A Ly b A Quay tri A K c c nh Quay phi A K c c nh Hon i 2 na 4 bit OR OR

+ Nhm lnh di chuyn d liu MOV A, ngun MOV A, #data MOV dest , A MOV dest , source MOV dest, #data MOV DPTR, #data16 MOVC A, @A+DPTR Di chuyn t b nh chng trnh MOVC A, #A+PC MOVX A, @Ri MOVX A, @DPTR
16

Di chuyn ton hng ngung n ch

MOVX @Ri, A MOVX @DPTR, A PUSH direct POP direct XCH A, source XCHD A, @Ri + Nhm lnh x l bit. CLR C xo bit CLR bit SETB C SETB bit CPL C CPL bit ANL C, bit ORL C, bit ORL C, /bit MOV C, bit MOV bit, C JC rel Nhy n Rel nu C=1 JNC rel Nhy n Rel nu C=0 JB bit, rel Nhy nu bit bng 1 JNB bit, rel Nhy nu bit =0 JBC bit , rel Nhy nu bit =1 ri xo bit AND ANL C , /bit AND NOT bit vi C Ct vo Stack Ly ra t Stack Trao i cc byte Trao i cc digit thp

+Nhm lnh r nhnh. ACALL addr11 Gi chng trnh con LCALL addr16
17

RET RETI AJMP addr11 LJMP addr16 SJMP rel JMP @ A+DPTR JZ rel JNZ rel CJNE #data, rel CJNE Rn,#data, rel

Quay v t chng trnh con Quay v t chng trnh ngt Nhy

Nhy nu A=0 Nhy nu A <>0

CJNE A,direct, rel So snh v nhy

CJNE @ Ri,# data, rel DJNZ Rn, rel DJNZ direct, rel NOP Khng lm g Gim v nhy nu khc 0

d/ Hot ng nh thi L mt chui cc Flip-Flop ni tip nhau v nhn tn hiu t ngun xung nhp. B nh thi c lp trnh sao cho s trn trong mt khong thi gian nht nh v set c trn ca b nh thi = 1. Cc b nh thi s dng : - nh thi trong mt khong thi gian. - m s kin. - To tc baud cho cc port ni tip. Cc b nh thi c truy xut bng cch s dng 6 thanh ghi chc nng c bit. SFR ca b nh thi Mc ch a ch a ch ca Bit

18

TCON TMOD TL0 TL1 TH0 TH1

iu khin Chon ch Byte thp ca b nh thi 0 Byte thp ca b nh thi 1 Byte cao ca b nh thi 0 Byte cao ca b nh thi 1

88H 89H 8AH 8BH 8CH 8DH

C Khng Khng Khng Khng Khng

e/ Hot ng ngt - L s xy ra mt s kin, mt iu kin lm cho chng trnh hin hnh tm dng trong khi iu kin c phc v bi mt chng trnh khc. Ngt ng vai tr quan trng trong vic thit k, thc hin ng dng cc b vi iu khin. - T chc ngt ca 8951: + C 5 nguyn nhn to ra ngt: 2 ngt do bn ngoi, 2 ngt do b nh thi, mt ngt do port ni tip. + Khi xy ra 2 hay nhiu ngt ng thi hoc mt ngt trong khi ang thc hin mt ngt khc th ta s c 2 s x l cc ngt: S chui vng v s 2 mc u tin. Cc cch thc cho php ngt v khng cho php ngt: Mt s nguyn nhn ngt c cho php v khng c cho php. Bit IE.7 IE.6 IE.5 IE.4 IE.3 IE.2 K hiu EA ET2 ES ET1 EX1 a ch bit AFH AEH ADH ACH ABH AH M t (0= Khng cho php; 1= Cho php) Cho php/ khng cho php ton cc Khng s dng Cho php ngt do b nh thi 2 Cho php ngt do port ni tip Cho php ngt do b nh thi 1 Cho php ngt t bn ngoi (Ngt ngoi 1)

19

IE.1 IE.0

ET0 EX0

A9H A8H

Cho php ngt do b nh thi 0 Cho php ngt t bn ngoi (Ngt ngoi 0 )

u tin ngt: Cc u tin ngt c lp trnh ring r c mt trong 2 mc u tin thng qua cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit c nh a ch bit. Bit IP.7 IP.6 IP.5 IP.4 IP.3 IP.2 IP.1 IP.0 K hiu PT2 PS PT1 PX1 PT0 PX0 a ch bit BDH BCH BBH BAH B9H B8H Khng s dng Khng s dng u tin ngt do b nh thi 2 u tin ngt do port ni tip u tin ngt do b nh thi 1 u tin ngt t bn ngoi (Ngt ngoi 1) u tin ngt do b nh thi 0 u tin ngt t bn ngoi (Ngt ngoi 0 ) M t (0= Khng cho php; 1= Cho php)

X l ngt: Cc thao tc xy ra sau khi ngt: - Hon tt vic thc thi lnh hin hnh. - B m chng trnh PC c hon tt. - Trng thi ca ngt hin hnh c lu gi li. - Cc ngt c chn li mc ngt. - B m chng trnh PC c np a ch vct ca trnh phc v ngt ISR - ISR c thc thi. Cc c ngt: Ngt Do bn ngoi (ngt ngoi 0) Do bn ngoi (ngt ngoi 1) C IE0 IE1 Thanh ghi SFR v v tr bt TCON.1 TCON.3

20

Do b nh thi 1 Do b nh thi 0 Do port ni tip Do port ni tip

TF1 TF0 TI RI

TCON.7 TCON.5 SCON.1 SCON.0

2. Thanh ghi dch 74HC595

74HC595 l mt thanh ghi dch 8 bit u vo ni tip, c cc u ra song song v ni tip, ng ra c b m 3 trng thi. S chn ca 74HC595 nh sau:

S chn 74HC595

21

S logic ca 74HC595

+ QA,QB,QC,QD,QE,QF,QG,QH: l cc ng ra song song ca

74HC595

+ Chn 14 (A): u vo ni tip + Chn 9 (SQH) : u ra ni tip + Chn 13 (Output Enable): Tch cc mc thp, khi chn ny
mc thp th tn hiu t b cht c a ra u ra. Khi n mc cao th cc u ra song song trng thi tr khng cao. u ra ni tip khng b nh hng bi chn ny. + Chn 12 (Latch clock): Qu trnh chuyn t mc thp sang mc cao Latch clock s cht d liu c dch trong thanh ghi dich vo b cht + Chn 11 (Shift Clock) : u vo xung nhp, mt qu trnh chuyn t mc thp n mc cao chn ny s dch d liu trong thanh ghi dch mt nhp
22

+ Chn 10 (Reset) : reset khng ng b, tch cc mc thp. Mc thp chn ny s reset thanh ghi dch nhng khng reset b cht li ra.

3. ULN2803
+ Gm 8 cp transistor mc kiu darlington, c E chung

S chn ca ULN2803

S mc darlington vo ra ca ULN2803

23

+ Chn 1 -> chn 8 (In 1 -> In 8): 8 u vo + Chn 11-> chn 16 : 8 u ra . + Chn 9 : t chung ca cc cc E ca Darlington + Chn 10 : Cc C chung

4.

Led ma trn 8x8

Loi led 2 mu, 24 chn, chung Anode theo hng

24

V. Nguyn l v tc dng linh kin:

y l loi led Anode chung hng nn mt led sng th d liu hng phi mc cao v xut ra ct phi mc thp. Vi iu khin iu khin thanh ghi dch la chn ct sng Ti mi thi im ch c mt ct c sng, nhng ta li dng tnh cht lu nh trn vng mc c th hin th c ng thi c 32 ct. Tn s qut lc ny phi m bo >=24 hnh/s led sng p v n nh th dng qua led khong Itb =10mA Mt ct c 8 led, ngha l ti a mt thi im c 8 led sng Vy dng cn thit cho mt ct led l Ict=Itb x 8 x H s an ton =10x8x2 =160mA ct ta dng ULN2803 ht dng, m kh nng ht dng ca ULN2803 ln ti 500mA nn hon ton ph hp trong trng hp ny V nguyn l ti mt thi im ch c mt ct c php sng, nhng do ta qut nhanh nn s cm thy tt c cc ct u sng, thi gian sng 1 ct ch l 1/32 chu k qut. m bo mt ngi nhn thy cc led sng khng b nhp nhy th dng cung cp cho mt led cn gp 32 ln dng trung bnh chia u khong thi gian n khng c chiu sng Dng cn thit cung cp cho cc hng l: Ihng = 10x32x2 = 640 mA Vi A1015 loi GR c h s khuch i l 200-400. Qua o thc t h s khuch i ca cc Transistor l khong 250. Khi hot ng dng cung cp cho ma trn n nh Tran hot ng trng thi bo ho Icbh=Ihng = 640mA
25

 * Ib >= Icbh Ib >= 640/250 =2.56 mA Ub /Rb >=2.56 Rb <= (5-0.7)/2.56 =1.68 K Chn tr 1K VI. Lu thut ton v chng trnh S dng kiu tra bng d liu, thc hin qut theo ct M ngun: file BYG.ASM km theo Lu thut ton:

26

Chng trnh chnh

Khi to h thng

Hin th

Sai Tr = x ms

ng

Dch con tr d liu

Sai S ln dich = s ct ng

Con tr d liu v u

27

Chng trnh con Hin th

Chn ct

Cp ngun v d liu

Tr

Tt led chng nhiu

Sai Ct = S ct

ng

Thot

28

VII. Nhn xt, kt lun v hng m rng ti Nhu cu trang b bng in t ca hng, ta nh, sn bay, nh ga, cng ty chng khon hin nay rt ln. c nhng doanh nghip chuyn sn xut nhng sn phm nh th ny nh Ph Thnh, tuy nhin cc sn phm mi ch c ng dng cc ca hng, siu th vi yu cu cht lng cha cao v t tnh nng. T thnh cng bc u trong d n ny, chng em c iu kin tm hiu v cch thc hot ng ca bng in t, quan trng hn l bit ng dng kin thc vi x l hc vo trong thc t. y l c s quan trng nhm c th tip tc pht trin ti ln cao hn. Mt s hn ch ca mch: - Phng php hin th trong mch quang bo ny l qut theo ct, do khi kch thc bng tng ln v s ct thi gian qut hin th y mt khung hnh s tng, n mt gi tr no s lm mt hiu ng lu nh trn vng mc v ta s nhn thy s gin on trong qu trnh hin th. Ngoi ra, khi s hng tng ln th cn thm tng y Transistor iu khin hng lm tng kch thc ca mch. Nu s dng phng php qut theo hng th mi khi qut mt hng ta s xut d liu iu khin cc ct v la chn hng bng cch s dng mt IC gii m. Trong bi ny c th s dng 74LS138. Tuy nhin khi s dng qut hng th ti mt thi im s LED cn hin th ti a bng s ct ca bng hin th, do yu cu cng dng in ln cp cho tt c cc LED sng bnh thng. R rng vi mi phng php th u c u v nhc im ring. - Ni dung hin th c np vo trong ROM nn nu ni dung hin th m ln th i hi tng kch thc b nh ROM bng cch ghp ni thm ROM. K c nh vy th b nh ghp ni ch c php ti a 64Kbyte (vi IC AT89C51). Do vy y vn l mt phng n cha ti u. khc phc iu ny, cc k hiu hn th cn c m ha v lu
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trong b nh. Mi khi mt k hiu no c gi ti hin th th chng trnh s t ng truy cp ti nh cha m iu khin cc LED tng ng vi k hiu . Phng n ny i hi lp trnh phc tp hn v c ghp ni vi my tnh trong cc ng dng cao cp. Tuy nhin vi mc ch tm hiu ng dng ca k thut vi x l v yu cu bi ton n gin cng nh thi gian gii hn, nhm chng em mi hon thnh sn phm mc hin nay. Trong qu trnh thc hin d n ny, chng em hc tp c thm nhiu kin thc thc t, trao i thm gia cc thnh vin, lm quen vi tc phong lm vic theo nhm v cch thc x l cc kh khn khi gp phi. K thut vi x l l mt mn hc hay nhng kh, y cng l ln u tin nhm thc hin mt d n nh th ny, do bn cnh vic t hc th s hng dn v cc kinh nghim ca thy gip chng em rt nhiu. Chng em cm n thy Phm Ngc Nam rt nhiu v nhng ch bo tn tnh trong thi gian qua v mong s tip tc c thy gip trong qu trnh n thi cho k thi sp ti!

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TI LIU THAM KHO

1. http://home.wanadoo.nl/electro1/avr/dotmatrix.htm 2. Tng Vn On, Hong c Hi H Vi iu khin 8051, NXB Lao ng X hi 3. Barry B. Brey The Intel Microprocessors 8086/8088, 80186/80188. 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, and Pentium Pro Processor Architecture, Programming, and Interfacing, Fourth Edition, Prentice Hall International, inc 4. Nguyn Tng Cng Lp trnh cho h vi iu khin 8051, NXB Khoa hc K thut 5. Ng Din Tp - Lp trnh ghp ni my tnh trong Windows, NXB Khoa hc K thut
6. Hunh c Thng - Cm nang thc hnh vi mch tuyn tnh,

TTL/LS, CMOS, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni, 1994

7. Phm Minh H, K thut mch in t, NXB KHKT, 1998 8. Robert Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky - Electronic Device and Circuit

Theory Sixth Edition, Prentice - Hall International, Inc

9. Victor P. Nelson, H. Troy Nagle, Bill D. Carroll, J. David Irwin -

Digital Logic Circuit Analysis and Design, Prentice - Hall International, Inc

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