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Mach number range 01 Steady state is unsteady Large induced inflow Image from Bhagwat, Dimanlig, et al, CFD/CSD Coupled Trim Solution for the Flexible blades Dual-Rotor CH-47 Helicopter Including Fuselage Modeling, AHS Specialists Conference on Aeromechanics, Jan, 2008 Intermeshing rotors 3-D acoustic field 360-degree angle of attack range Flaps & multi-element airfoils Rotor operates in its own wake Fuselage and tail are in rotor wake
Main Rotor Main Rotor Main Rotor Main Rotor Tail Rotor
Image from Bhagwat, Dimanlig, et al, CFD/CSD Coupled Trim Solution for the Dual-Rotor CH-47 Helicopter Including Fuselage Modeling, AHS Specialists Conference on Aeromechanics, Jan, 2008
vh
T 2 A
at rotor disk
2T A
v 2vh
in far wake
Traditional free wake methods highly empirical, sensitive to parameter changes in model
100
-100
-200
-300
Cyclic pitch inputs applied at 1/rev => rotor being forced near or at resonance
Do not get infinite response because of large flap damping ~ 50% critical Controls highly coupled