| Contents THANKS AND 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION 6 THE LEGAL SYSTEM Legal systems 8 A The seructure of cle law B The constinstion © Jurisdiction © Sources of law: legislation 10 A Background to making new law B Early development of a Bill © Passing an Act Sources of law: 12 common law A Common law in dhe UK B Law repons @B the court system 14 A Civil courts 8. Criminal coors Criminal justice and 16 criminal proceedings A Criminal justice B Categories of criminal offence © Criminal eourt proceedings @ Civil procedure 18 A Civil Procedure Rules B Proceeding wish a claim Tribunals 20 A. The status and range of tribunals B_ Composition of tribunals und procedure @BD European Union taw 22 A What isthe EU? B Flow does the L1) impact ow Messbee States? LEGAL PROFESSIONALS. B Solicitors 24 A Legal practitioners 68 Training © A parimer in a law firm @D Barristers 26 A Ongauisation B Training and qualifications of practising barristers @® Working lives 28 A A company commercial lawyer B A legal secretary BD Ludges 30 A Judicial appointaneats in England and Wales B ‘The training of judges © Civil courts: sentencing and court orders A law firm's structure and 32 practice A A law firmn’s structure snd practice LEGAL PROFESSIONALS IN PRACTICE @®) Client care procedures 34 A Explaining client care procedures Money laundering 36 procedures A Mouey laundering procedures Client correspondence 38 Client correspondence Standard pheases for starting and ending letters and emeils A B Explanations and 40 clarification A Explaining a procedure Approximating and comparing Rephrasing and cl ae Professional Enginh in Use Low® Legalese A2 A Legal language 8 Lavin germs © Older words and modern equivalents LAW IN PRACTICE Business organisations 44 A Sole trader B Partnerships © Limited Companies Formation of a company 46 A Incorporation, B Memorandhim and Articles of Asyociation Raising capital by 48 share sale A. Share capital B Share value © Rights attaching to shares Debt financing: 50 secured lending A Granting security B The verms of a charge Company directors and 52 company secretaries A. Qualifications and duties of a company director B Qualifications and duties of a company secretary Insolvency and winding up 54 A solvency BB Alternative dispute 56 resolution A. Altoraative dispute resolution BADR procedures @B Corporation Tax 58 A Corporation Tax liability in the UK, B. Word combinations with tax? Professional English in Use Law EB Mergers and acquisitions 60 A. Mergers and acquisitions B Dealing disclosure requirements Anti-competitive behaviour 62 Compertion law & Competition inquiry © Information gathering, hearings and remedies LIABILITY B) Tort 1: persona! injury 64 claim A Toot B Client bri ing notes ~ personal mnjry clans Tort 2: clinical negligence 66 A. Clinical negligence practice CONTRACT Forming a contract 1 68 A Basic principles B. Formation of a contact Forming a contract 2 70 A Form of contesct B Void or voidable or unenforceable contrac Structure of a commercial 72 contract A. Steaeture of a commeresal contract Express and implied terms 74 A Express terns B Iiaplied terms €B Exclusion, limitation and = 76 standard clauses A Tixclusion and limitation clauses B Standard clausesPrivity of contract, discharge, and remedies A Prity of contract B Discharge of contract C Remedies for breach of consrace Standard terms in the sale and supply of goods A Using standard terms B Tacorporuting terms Licensing agreements and computer programs A. Licences and software products & Exclusion and limitation clauses Commercial leases A Interest in peopeety B Terms of a commercial lease © Obraining leaschold incerest Buying and selling commercial property A Commercial convesanecing B Sele by auction © Sale by private treaty Employment law A Employment law B Conteaet of employment INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Copyright and patent A Copycight 8 Patent Trade marks, domain names, and remedies for IP infringement A Trade marks and domain names B. Remedies for [P infringement 78 80 82 84 86 88 30 92 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LAW information technology 94 law and cybercrime A Computer security 8 Cybercrime: © Dara protection ENVIRONMENTAL LAW Environmental aw 96 A Iarernarional environmen law B_ National environmental law © Application of environmental aw Answer key 98 Index. 113 Professional Engish in Use Low