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n
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Z
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it
it

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=
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f (t)
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f () sin d = 0
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t=1
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2
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2
sin =1
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d .
=
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0
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2
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t = 0, 1
sin3 t
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t
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1
0
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4
sin t sin2 .
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0,
1,
1,
sin t
4
1 + (1)
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0
2
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1
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2
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2
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t =
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5
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p ||
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=
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t2
F(e 2 ) = e
2
2
2 i sin
(12 )
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3. F(f (t)) =
1 |t|, |t| 1
0,
|t| > 1.
q
2 1cos
.
F(e
t2
1
)=
2
2
1
d = e 2
2
(+i)2
2
d .
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2
z2
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R
e 2 d =
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d =
t2
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2
2
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KD[@XdXz\HCo:H\=doB?S[B?KWO:w@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z'YD8%O%:vuwKJu~:r: f (t) :N%:=YD8;:=[?\=N/KDdWKXM?KWBD\sz/[@ t 0 ^
[@ f (t) :m@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z'\=LO/dWKJu~: f (t) N%:=YD8;:=[?\=N/KDdWKoM?KqBD\sz/[@ t 0 Onde^ N;^
D|%=Pm'_b h* *( "%*(*D(** /?_]'/D)XwL'''|%_%]?%=]]]/]?We]A%?
]D C ]
~DLk''D=D??owL''']''H'/CRX h* *( h[b* [$%(#] h&
M
t2
L*
t2
O*
;J

;1
QP
00
1(t) =
SR
T
1, t 0
0, t < 0
?_wL'''RHm/D''/eDP ]&(**( ** h* *( |'H]L%'';DLewL'''D g(t)

J%]?%=]]]'q]A%]]? C ;]!wL'''? f (t) = 1(t) g(t) P]''H'/C,h~D''L
)HwL''''] 1(t) t 1(t) e 1(t) sin t _]''H'/C%| A;DD')eHD,J'']=]D?h;
_=D)~o']]H'=]eA/L/D)'Jx]A/ 1(t) 'L?]oH'DD)D/'w/?_s%=o;D']~wLL
'''_P/DD'/mJ;mJ t < 0 D[/D''')H|'])H=] 1(t) 1(t) t 1(t) e 1(t) sin t
P~JD''HD) 1 t e sin t
["%*[w- G KBD\H:=O@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z f (t), @JIs8[KCMDCd F (p) \HCo:H\=doB?S[B?KBY%@EZ%SH8[K]B?N/O/N/KDdWK
:WY%@JKCM?KDdo:vZz/dN/KW8[K]\=do:=N%:WN/K f (t) O F (p) :WKDN/K_Z%O/dWO/LN/Ki)SN/l/OLzB
Re p >
dWKCM?ORY%@sZ%SH8[K]B?N/O/N/K^
b"%| ['']'$%" G wH = Re p > ]=D
3
VU
|f (t) ep t | = |f (t) e(+i ) t | = |f (t)| e t M e(0 ) t .
Ps_/q|]'|=,E;DH'!''_/DLqJH/?]'D'D
,nL?] R
']HH/C/D M Je WD]H?dt%{=]'!EJ/'?/L/D]''/?? Re p > nA%A%]?]A%'
]]/?H; F (p) / f (t) =hPH=]DLeWD?_'?/L/D]''/
(0 ) t
M
0
&%
|R;n%]L?WH9j' F (p) RD/C%]''/'?/L/D]''/?? Re p > ''L;?=D)

A%A%/??e]H]'=WJo']HH/C%|%J?]'H=PRDe/D/D)=D,%w=
*
F (p) =
(t, p) dt,
|%=]' C (t, p) W'H''H,H/?DL'''/q%]=]o''])HL%'] t p J t a

/|%=] D ~]?;D=eDeL])L%H[H/??e/D]''/
p D
] '']r'[W~'[H'/D' t a wL'''? (t, p) wD/C%]''/WwL'''!/ p D
'H/'o]'H_H%/]C?/;;De=x// D]'] ) H]'A'DWPsw_/L'4''D]'?] H' p XDD/C%|]%'=']/ eD w' ']_]?%/mJ?]]?
D
F (p)
D
a
F (p) =
(t, p)
dt, p D.
p
P/?_E%A;D){HHA~wL'''? F (p) D J |w'= (t, p) = f (t) e A%]]?
C ] _e_|%'H'||w= > 0R X'']_]?%'x Re p + ]AD |f (t) e |

,W?] e dt E[_/e'9JD]'HeD p]]X']HH/C/;
Me
Me
D J /D]'])H''{E[_/H'') p {'?/L/D]''/?? Re p + J{]s'[ > 0
T!']'/D/?D!'?kH]'P]H]'HjA%A%h'WwL'''? F (p) D J oD/C%]''/!
'?/L/D]''/?? Re p >
Z
Z
(f (t) e )
LC
F (p) =
dt =
(t f (t)) e dt.
p
#]&)]'$%(* F/G [@ f (t) :P@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z\mY%@JKCM?KDdo:vZN/K~8[K]\=do:=N%: O f (t) F (p)do@
KD[@ p dWKDKC: = Re p O p \H:qN/KJuwOD8[KBRY%@sZ%SH8[K]B?N/O/N/KDdWK
F (p) 0
^
Re p >
b"%| ['']'$%" G wH = Re p > ]AD
(0 ) t
;*
p t
p t
p t
p t
|F (p)|
Me
0 t t
e(0 ) t t=R
M
0
dt = M lim
=

R
0 t=0
0
''
T[ p = )D]=]/D''j{]H]]H/a]]'L9J F (p) lim F (p) H]D=D lim F (p) = 0
D] p )]=DDD''''?/L/D]''/?? Re p > ,L?]]]n!?DLbJ
']]H'=]D]]/?_]Dh[]]HWH'=W?!''L%Jo=''?hH'?D)D,'PJ]HH']]/?
~_|%'H'
F (p)
lim F (p) = 0.
]]
T]H]'Hj ]] A%A%]#'q'q]s'LwL''' F (p) )JoW;D|%x]]/?q/
'LJXwL'''m]''H'/C,D~D''')H|CwL'''? p ')Jo; D|%j]]/?]JD,mL?]
/mL'''D tg p =hPo'w)Jo ;WD|%]]/?]J?PD]WJ'jP]=_]']''
lim p 6= 0
)']HR'?%TH p = (2k 1) k = 0, 1, . . . A%A%]?]A%'b'j'?/L/D]''/RD
]L; Re p > /o[J]oCXD/J%]''/
*(*w[ 0 Gm KJu~:k8;:=do: L(1) ^
]
0
p
0
[*(* %''''/??!wL'''nW]''H'/C,?]H]]'=]] P_|%'H'Jq''?

_]?%' M > 0 = 0 jD)
,
$-
.ZY
L(1) =
D,?]
p t
dt = lim
j%A%]?]A%'
ep t dt =
1
p
L(1) =
''
1
ep R
1
lim
= ,
p R p
p
, D[ > 0 A%A%]?]A%'
J Re p > 0 D_R'=HJ/D?JD''HD)mDDL
|ep R | = |e(+i ) R | = e R 0
OJ
ep R
=0
R
p
1
1
p
#
c = const
lim
TL
]]=DW]'H]L%' L(c) = c J Re p > 0
p
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8[K]B?N/O/N/KDdWK Re p > |N%@B{uwN%@C>A@w\kZ%SLKDOqi)SN/l/OLz/dWK F (p) :a<?:Ei)O/N/OD8[KDN/K~OxKDN/K_Z%O/dWO/L
N/KxBWY%@JkWOD8;@JKe@JIrZ%K]\=dmj:H\=do@WBWlLz[Z%KDdWKw8[K]B?N/O/N/Kx\wOM?CZ%9:=N/O%:~N/KoH8[K]:=NRIs8;@JcRdo@JLO
OMD@EZ%OD8[KDN/O@C\H@JI?:=N/O a[@JO/do@XZ;:rKDd N/K_Zz%BD@oO[Z%OBDs8/SYD8[K]B?KDdWK
^ Kqdo@CB?K
:H\=do@ 8[KCMD>vZ;:A<CKJu~:w KDN/K_Z%O/dWO/LN%@Jdo@XYD8;@J<?rZ':=N/O%:~N/K F (p) O\=LO/dWReKJu~p:r=I?:rMWB?O/N/K]>rO<CK
>A@m@_doIC:vZzMDB?KJu~:r: F (p) :@JIs8[KCMmN/K f (t) M?KPBD\=O/LO phM?KP[@JO/do@ F (p) :TKDN/K_Z%O/dWO/LN/K^
{_M?Y%@sZ'M?S[B?KJu~:e\H:eO@Jd do@CB?KC{:w8[KCMHZ%O/LN/O/do:e\HJ@JdWN%@Jo:=N/OLzbu~:A<CSnOMD@JIs8[K?:=N/OLz/dWKC
[@JO/do@WKDdo@PYD8[K]B?O[Z;@o\H:XS[\=dWKDN%@CB_z%B?KDdBoY%@sZ%SH8[K]B?N/O/N/KDdWK Re p > @C\=dWK]B?KDdB?K_Z%O/<CN/O
OM?KxYD8;@J<CrZ/:=N/OLz/dWK^
_D]/?oH''=]/A%''''/??wL'''e'?/L'H'R'']A%]]' Re p > 0 *w'
']HH/C/;/qmDL;DWo/?A[_/q*T%LA!=]/D/!wL'''? F (p) =
Re p 0
!%H~'''/D/ ?/C%]''/L;??/D]''/]=
w]/C%]]=,E;DH'
H]'/??JD]A%=xL,)Jo= ;!/?_s%Ao;D) F (p) L?]p=_0]]/?oH''e/!A%''''/?D
wL'''JW]H''' p 6= 0
*(*w[ t|Gm KJu~:k8;:=do: L(f (t))[C<?:=do@ f (t) :P\=doCY/K_Z;@CB?O'<CN/Ki)SN/l/OLz)M?KD<CKD<?:=N/KqY%@J
\vZ;:=<CN/OLznN/KDLO/N

2
;1
1
p
+4
[*(* jD)
,
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1, 0 t c
0, t > c, c = const.
f (t) =
.
L(f (t)) =
f (t) e
p t
dt =
e p t dt =
ep t t=c
1 ec p
, Re p > 0.
=

p
p
t=0
*(*w[ |Gm KJu~:k8;:=do: L(e ) = const 6= 0 ^

[*(* =hP']=D,'H'n]]/?J{/{]''H'/C;
M > 1 '']_]?%'e = Re jD)
0
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.
1(t) e t
A%]]'=] _|%'H'
M
L(e ) =
=
t p t
dt =
0
(p) R
1
e
lim
p R p
(p) t
dt = lim
1
p
e(p) t dt
0
J?PD] |e | = e
'' R = Re p > Re
=e
0
j%A%]?]A%' lim e
Dq'?/L/D]D) e 1 Re p > Re ,
=0
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JD]A%=xL 'jD) e p 1 Jo]s'[ p 6=
p
*(*w[ Gm KJu~:k8;:=do: L(t) ^
[*(* j%An']HH''/D'm'o/D=]'?/L/DD)
(p) R
(Re pRe ) R
(Re ) R
(p) R
$-
.
L(t) =
te
p t
dt = lim
te
p t
dt = lim
t ep t ep t
2
p
p

1
t=R
= 2.

p
t=0
? DL t 1 Jo]s'L p 6= 0
["%*[wU pE["%*[w []&(*#]'$%[*";] G [@ f (t) F (p) f (t) F (p) O
~do@ f (t) = f (t) BD?BBD\=O/LOdo@JLO t > 0XBb[@JO/do@b\yKN%:=YD8;:=[?\=N/KD
F (p) = F (p)
dWO;^
?=%''']!''H,H/?]wL'''')]A?R;'j?bA%/D']_]]/?WH'| /D=?
']=C,A%''''/??wL''''j!_]]/?WH'' F (p) = h'=JD]'H')D=]]'']=]']]
L]]nHX;D?q]]'L?? t = 0 wH=]!D,q]h_LxW]=]]H']=]o/x/?=%''']
JC;J'/ 1(t) H~'''''H?x/?=%'''=]]'']=]R t = 0
H'D]'H]]'=]e/W]'H/?]]/o/WmDL;DD
$%" #]'$%" F (** **";] G [@ f (t) F (p) O f (t) F (p) O c , c = const
do@C>rK]B?K
c f (t) + c f (t) c F (p) + c F (p).
R jD) c f (t) + c f (t) R (c f (t) + c f (t)) e dt = c R f (t) e dt +
c
f (t) e dt = c F (p) + c F (p)
]''D]eH]]'=]]e)JoT;WH~]]]DP!JW'']_]?%H]']!=,]'/DH)|
$%" #]'$%"- E"[&" %(* G [@ f (t) F (p)do@
1 p
f ( t) F
, > 0.
jD) f ( t) R f ( t) e dt = R f ( ) e d = F ( ) jA%A H'/??
t =
** *[*(
L& *0 G KDdo@~OM?Y%@sZ'M?S[B?KDdo:aZ%O/N%:=c/N%@C\=dWdWKPN/KPYD8;:H@JIs8[KCMD@CB?KDN/O%:=do@mN/KXVXKDY[Z%K]\rN/KJu~:=
8;:=do:
2
\
]
+
_
1
p
T
`H
$T
+
T
1 1
p t
\

p t
p t
p t
$3

p t
QP
/4
1. L(sin t); 2. L(cos t); 3. L(sh t); 4. L(ch t); 5. L(cos t ch t).
[*(* jD)
,
$-
.
L(sin t) =
1
1
1
1
1
1
.
L(ei t ) L(ei t ) =
= 2
2i
2i
2i p i 2i p + i
p + 2
T/J%]H'''x'jD)
b#
1
1
1
1
1
1
p
L(cos t) = L(ei t ) + L(ei t ) =
+
= 2
.
2
2
2 p i 2 p + i
p + 2
' G sh t
' G ch t
' G cos t ch t
L& * |t Gm KJu~:k8;:=do: F (p) = L(f (t))jLC<?:Ade@
M?K 0 t c,
?M K 0 t 1,
e
t
M?K t < 0 OM?K t > c; 2. f (t) = 0 ?M K t < 0 OM?K t > 1;
1. f (t) =
0

M?K 0 t ,
sin t
M?K t < 0 OM?K t > ;
3. f (t) =
0
' G 1. F (p) =
2. F (p) =
3. F (p) =
L& * |Gm KJu~:k8;:=do: F (p) = L(f (t))jLC<?:Ade@
^
1. f (t) = 5ch 2t 4t + 5
2. f (t) = 6 e + 3 sin 5t
3. f (t) = e
' G 1. F (p) = +
2. F (p) =
3. F (p) =
+
L& * Gm KJu~:k8;:=do: f (t) = L (F (p))j[C<?:=do@
3p + 6
4p 6
2p + 1 ^
1. F (p) =
2. F (p) =
3. F (p) =
p +9
p
p(p + 1)
[*(* ~_'?/HLD)w%''H'']=DDe/D)H'H']X]]/?_WJC;J/ jD)
=
p2 2
$3
p3
p4 +4
1ep
p
1+e p
1+p2

p
p2 2
94
1
p2
c ec p
p
ec p
p2
94
$3
5p
p2 4
$3
$-
' G
5
p
6
p+1
.
15
p2 +25
)4
4
p2
3p + 6
p
3
=3 2
+2 2
3 cos 3t + 2 sin 3t = f (t) .
2
p +9
p +9
p +9
2. f (t) = 4 6t
3. f (t) = et + 1
2t3
1
e3 (p2)
5 66 56 5 5 656

55 5
c
gf
ed
ih
jF
kB
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ZlW

(n)
f (k) (t) pk F (p) pk1 f (0) pk2 f 0 (0) . . . p f (k2) (0) f (k1) (0), k = 1, 2, . . . , n,
[ C<?:=do@ f (0) = lim f (t) k = 0, 1, . . . , n 1 ^

b"%| ['']'$%" G j%An']HH''/D'm'e/D=]'jD)
(k)
(k)
t+0
f (t)
f (t) e
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t=R
p t

f (t) p ep t dt = f (0) + p F (p),
D, L?] |f (R) e | M e
'' R = Re p > w?/
0
'L)D/'w~]'_;??oC%L%/PJP,'??W'']_]_%//w'L;DAD)??_!~]'J;PJ
'']_]_%/?Do/ f (t) /D)'/D)
R
p R
(0 ) R
t=0
f 00 (t) p (p F (p) f (0)) f 0 (0) = p2 F (p) p f (0) f 0 (0).
w '_/|/eDD'''o]D_/J''|%=]'AD)w%e]DWCDo~]'_;
,E;DH'JD]A%=xL H'?D)D,' f (t) o'=''H,H/?DJ t 0 T[]]'W
DDL//D''')H|;?L f (t) H~''H,Hoo]]'L?? t ']]ADo'jD)
J
m#
f (t) e
p t
dt =
t0
f (t) e
p t
dt +
f 0 (t) ep t dt
t0
Z
t=R
t=t0
p t
p t
+p
+ lim f (t) e
= f (t) e
t=0
= f (t0 0) ep t0
L%
f (t) ep t dt
R
t=t0
0
Z
p t0
+p
f (t) ep t dt
f (0) f (t0 + 0) e
0

T[
D '?/L/DD)D,'xD f (t) F (p)
=0
A%A% ff (0)(t)=f p(0)F=(p). . . k==f 0, 1, (0)
%
/W%'~H'H'''/D'P/x]''H'/C;x?]H?
...,n
D!L)'JWH''~/o]]/?JW p

f 0 (t) p F (p) f (0) + ep t0 f (t0 0) f (t0 + 0) .
(k)
(n1)
*(*w[ |Gm KJu~:k8;:=do: L(cos t) ^

[*(* jD) f (t) = cos t ]AD f (0) = 1
T sin 2t ]H]'Hj '?/L/DD)
2
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.
2
p2 +4
f 0 (t) = 2 sin t cos t = sin 2t
2
= L(f 0 (t)) = p L(f (t)) 1 ,
+4
D]|%=]xA%A%
p2
L(f (t)) = L(cos2 t) =
p2 + 2
.
p (p2 + 4)
#]&)]'$%(*n- G [@ f (t) O f (t) \yKq@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%OnO f (t) F (p)do@ lim p F (p) = f (0)

[@C>rKDdo@ p dWKDKC: = Re p O p \H:XN/KJuwOD8[KqBxY%@EZ%SH8[K]B?N/O/N/KDdWK Re p >
:~Y%@JKCM?KDdo:vZbN/Kw8[K]\=do:=N%:XN/K f (t) ^
b"%| ['']'$%" G ,xL?]P]]/?H;P/ f (t) p F (p) f (0) []P=,E;DH'PA%A%=]]'

'jD) lim(p F (p) f (0)) = 0 /[]=?] p DDL%' = Re p p HX/D)'/
o'?/L/D]''/?D Re p > 'D]|%=]xA%A%
lim p F (p) = f (0)

#]&)]'$%(*nU G [@ f (t) O f (t) \yK@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%O f (t) F (p) Oo\HCo:H\=doB?S[B?K lim f (t) =
do@ lim p F (p) = f ()j[@C>rKDdo@ p 0@C\=dWK]B_z/c/ObBeY%@EZ%SH8[K]B?N/O/N/KDdWK Re p > 0 ^
f ()
b"%| ['']'$%" G ~DLk/D''AqD]]A/_D)D' 'wH)'=|e;~H H]]]'WJ lim p F (p)
D,?]D=hPH=]DLD'H]/ lim f (t) A%A%]H/D'''H']=]D/ f (t) )JoH
;!H'?D) = 0 b]]ADh=,E;DH'!]H]'Hj |wL'''D F (p) P%H~'''/D/
'?/L/D]''/?? Re p > 0 ;T f (t) p F (p) f (0) 'jD)
X
!
p0
p F (p) f (0) =
f 0 (t) ep t dt.
wHLoeH]''D]e/D]H'=]]e]=DD]'
/D'/?]'H/D'''H''AJR'J_/Do/
']HH/C; 'jm;o]]]H']]DD)JpD[]'0']=DDe/P]D_''AJ DLW'?/L/DD)
D]|%=]xA%A%
lim (p F (p) f (0)) =
p0
f 0 (t) dt = f () f (0),
lim p F (p) = f ().
["%*[w t b( [*[ *(**'*n*" %* G [@

p0
lW

F (p) f (t)
F (n) (p) (t)n f (t), n = 1, 2, . . .
&
jdo@
(Re p > 0 ).
b"%| ['']'$%" G mL'''D F (p) = R f (t) e dt WD/C%]''/'?/L/D]''/??

]]H]'Hj ] RA%r%]?]A%'!'']=oDx'']_]_%'nDqL];em'A
Re p >
D?H'?/L/D]''/;T LC 'jD)
W
p t
F (p) =
f (t) e
p t
(t) dt =
(t f (t)) ep t dt t f (t).
w 'L;DAD)P??_~]'_;qJ
jD)
?=
=ho;DD)w'L/L]']'x=]'AFD)(p)w%e]DW??oF~(p)
]'J; (t)(t
f (t)) = (t) f (t)
*(*w[ f Gm KJu~:k8;:=do: L(t ) n N ^
[*(* T 1 1 'jD) 1 (t) D]|%=]m/D)'/D) n! t
p
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[*(* àd 1 e O (28) OLuwKJu~: 1 (t) e @JdW[C<?:=do@~N/KJuwO/
p
8[KJu~: n! pt e ^
*(*w(p[ F%)F/Gm KJu~:k8;:=do: L(t sin t) O L(t cos t) ^
[*(* T sin t 'jD) (t) sin t*D]|%=]
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(t 3 ) i h
(t 3 ) 1 + cos
+ h 1(t 3 )
1(t 4 ) (t 4 ) .
To]H]'Hj JWJD,H'H''=]x'?/L/DD)
h
1
h 1
p
1i
p
F (p) =
+ he
2
p2
p2 p
p2 + 4
2
h 1
i
1
p
1
+ h e3 p
h e4 p
+
,
2
2
p
p p2 + 4 2
p2
L%|/]L]'/?]A%'
h
h
(1 e p + e3 p e4 p ) (e p + e3 p )
2
p
p
hp
+
(e p + e3 p ) .
2
2
p + 4 2
F (p) =
*(*w[ - Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:m@JIs8[KCM?KqN/Kxi)S[N'[l'OLz/dWK
f (t) =
0,
t<
b
a
(at b), t ab ,
[ C<?:=do@ (t) :X<CKD<?:=Nb@E8%O%>rO/N/K_ZO (t) (p) ^

[*(* T (at b) = (a(t )) A%A%L|'WD[ (t) = (at) ;] (at b) =
f (t) = 1(t ) (t ) jTbH]]'=]D]'_%]]' H]]'=]] ] A%A%'
(t )
W]]ADw=,E;DH'~]H]'Hj JJD,H'H''=]m'jD) f (t) ( )
(t) ( )
*(*w[ - |Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:W@JIs8[KCM?KN'Ki)SN/l/OLz/dWK f (t) = 1(t) 1( t) > 0 ON/KN%:=c/
N/KDdWKxYD8;@JOMDBD@J<CN'K^
[*(* ,q~_'L?DxDDLq)Jow;qHmJC;C%PA%''''Hb')J%D;%H'=]DL?J
]'H) #T'H]L%''jD)
J t f (t) = 0 ]=?D/C%]xA/L/D
A%A%]?]A%' f (t) = 1(t)f(t)1(t=1 ) 0T 1(t)
]H]'Hj JnJD,H'H''=]

'jD) f (t) F (p) = = (1 e ) T[_'?/HLD)R~]'_;??
'?/L/DD) f (t) p F (p)f (0) = e D 'D''''_D,mL?]TwL'''D f (t)
XL]'=?D?qA%A%]?]A%' f (t) = 0 F (p) R f (t) e dt = 0 ]o=m]J'H'
XXDD%' f (t) 'Xm'H''H,=/?DqD,e]s'Lo]]'L t 0 |o'= t = ~]]'e/
''H,HD'D |?]]9D 'jD) f (t) p F (p) f (0) + e (f ( 0) f ( + 0)) =
1e
1+e
(1 0) = 0
["%*[wf E["%*[w [**[wL]'$%'*['" G [@ F (p) f (t) O :bYD8;@JOMDBD@EZ%N%@
[@ruwY[Z;:=[\=N%@WLO%\kZ;@Hdo@

F (p + ) e
f (t), Re (p + ) > .
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.
b
a
b
a
$-
b
a
b
a
p
a
1
a
.
a > 0, b > 0,
e a p
a
1
p
ep
p
1
p
<*
#
1
p
p t
v*
\
]
m
!
p
a
b"%| ['']'$%" G TL
W
F (p + ) =
Re (p + ) > 0
f (t) e
(p+) t
']
dt =
f (t) e t ep t dt = L(f (t) e t ).
,E;DH'q??_n]H]'Hj'''DD''=]/ ,D'=L)HD/x]]/?Jx=|D]]=]=]
/XL)'JWH''/m]''H'/C;m )'JWH''=]W/m]''H'/C; ]_%e%
J?]LD'a/TwL'''? f (t) ee 0 '' t DD[ > 0 f (t)D''e J?]LD'
H~H'=W?q'H=]xo''L%JoH'?
]''x'=H_/D?q)Jo{;WJD'PHDDL
F (p ) e f (t) .

J
*(*w[ -%f Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:m@JIs8[KCM?O/do:XN/K
[*(* T
e t cos t
e t sin t
]H]'Hj Je''H)H=?'H]'jD)
wHL f (t) f (t) HW]''H'/C%|%mL'''D R f ( ) f (t ) d Hw/D''/ "%

$%"/ *( /wL''''] f (t) f (t) HxD_/J/D (f f )(t) _'?/HLHx
D_/J'H''= f (t) f (t) []=]m'/D]''H_'q '? J%]]'' {']L?WH9'{wL'''?
]''H'/C,aw'A%]H''[J_%]?%=]]]'A%]]? C ]
f (t) = (f f )(t)
J?PD] f (t) f (t) _]''H'/C%|#wHL _']L?J?]A%]q//D=]H'x=|D?
]=]'q/ f (t) f (t) = max ( , ) ]AD |f (t)| M e |f (t)| M e
J?]] |f (t)| M M R e e d = M M t e T[ > 0 R~'L
t 0
H'/D'')JWo;RH/D)H'''A% M > 0 ?DL]#' M M t < M e '' t 0
]C D
]''H'/Cq ']L?J?]A/w/D=]H'D
]AD |f (t)| M e
'H/C%)'/D? max ( , ) |D,fL(t)?] =(f f ))(t)]=?;!HeD_Hj?'']_]?%'jC%'|
'H]L%'_WA%A%']mH]]'=]o/o[]']?%T'?
C
] ff (gf +=h)f = ff g + f h
(f g) h = f (g h)
f 0=0
["%*[w F . E["%*[wb* P"%* [bhw*" [*(*['" G [@H f (t) F (p) f (t
do@ (f f )(t) F (p) F (p) ^
F (p))
,
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.
cos t p2 +
sin t p2 +
2
2
p+
t
cos t (p+)2 + 2 e sin t (p)2 + 2
e t
xy

t
0
O(
t
0
1
2
(t )
(++2)t
1
t
1
z#
t

G{

L1
m
b"%| ['']'$%" G j%AH'/!/'A;!/']HH''/D'qD,q%]]''']HH/C 'j
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=
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Z0 h
Z0 h
Z0 h
Z0
p t
hZ
f1 ( )
Z0
/'jD)
i
f1 ( ) f2 (t ) d dt
f1 ( )
t =u
i
f2 (t ) ep t dt d
p ( +u)
f2 (u) e
du d
Z
i
p
p u
f1 ( ) e
f2 (u) e
du d
0
f1 ( ) ep F2 (p) d
0
Z
f1 ( ) ep d = F1 (p) F2 (p).
= F2 (p)
=
,E;DH'H]'/??n]H]'Hj/b'']_DA%H''/n]]/?_D]H]D[]']?%T'/
]''H'/C%]D
*(*w[ U/. Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:m@JIs8[KCM?KqN/Kxi)S[N'[l'OLz/dWK f (t) = R e sin d ^
[*(* mL'''? f (t) L]']?%T'e/~wL''''] sin t e LT sin t
]H]'Hj JWL)'JWH''=]x'jD)
e
0
t
0
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1
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&%
1
p1
et sin d
0
1
1
1
=
.
p2 + 1 p 1
(p 1)(p2 + 1)
*(*w[ U F/Gm :=K F (p) = p ^ KJu~:k8;:=do:m@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%K^

(1 + p )
[*(* ,x?] F (p) = p p p cos t []'=,E;DH'P]H]'Hj
1+p 1+p
1+p
JWL)'JWH''=]'%'jD)
2
2 2
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.
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p
p

1 + p2 1 + p2
1
cos cos(t ) d =
2
1
[cos t + cos(2 t)] d = (t cos t + sin t).
2
*(*w[ U%- Gm :=K F (p) = 1

^ KJu~:k8;:=do:m@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%K^
(p 4p + 5)
%~D!/D''ARP~/D)H''
[*(* w'A%=?DD') F (p) D,o]L; F (p) =
]''H'/C;{/{L''''? F (p) = jD)
=
t sin t
;To]H]'Hj / ]'AJWL)'JWH''=]x'?/L/DD)

0
$-
1
2p
.
&%
1
2
,nL?]
F (p)
1
2
}|
1
2
((p2)2 +1)
2p
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1
(p2 +1)2
(p2 +1)2 2p
1
(p2 +1)2
1
F1 (p)
2
1
sin d = (t cos t + sin t) .
2
2p
(p2 +1)2
]W'])Dm?!/x]H]'Hj J''H)H=]D'=/D)'/D)
F (p) = F (p 2)
e (t cos t + sin t)
2t
["%*[w F%F E["%*[w [" %* R**[*(*"[&( ** h* *( G [@{i)SN/l/OLz/dWK

:m@E8%O%>rO/N/K_ZbOb:XY%:k8%O%@J<CO/LN/Kq\XY%:k8%O%@J< T > 0 O f (t) F (p)jde@

]

F (p) =
b"%| ['']'$%" G jD)

W
RT
0
F (p) =
f (t) e
p t
dt =
=
=
=

f (t) e
p t
dt +
0
T
f (t) ep t dt +
0
T
0
f (t) ep t dt
.
1 ep T
f (t)
;
f (t) ep t dt
f (u + T ) ep (u+t) du
0
Z
p t
p T
f (t) e dt + e
f (u) ep u du
0
f (t) ep t dt + ep T F (p),
D]|%=] (1 e ) F (p) = f (t) e dt ?]'=P'D]']H' F (p) ,'?/L/DD)

*(*w[ U%U Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:m@JIs8[KCM?KqN/K f (t) = | sin t| ^
[*(* W''L%Jx' H]'/?Dx]H]'Hj,mL'''? f (t) = | sin t| P'=''J%''/
~'H''_ T = jD)
p T
$-
p t
;
RT
.
| sin t|
R
0
ep t sin t dt
cth p2
1 + ep
1 e 2 + e 2
=
.
=
p
p =
1 ep
(1 + p2 )(1 ep )
1 + p2 e 2 e 2
1 + p2
["%*[w F - Gm :=K
} @C>rK]B?K
f1 (t) f2 (t) f10 (t)
\yKW@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%O!O
f1 (t) F1 (p) f2 (p) F2 (p)
H xC|q%,# w'J' .
b"%| h['']'$%" G |D'i'HD)/'??9/D=T/ D,9]L; p F (p) F (p) = F (p) f (0)+
hT A%A%|' pF (p) f (0) f (t) |qDq]H]'Hj?DqJ
F (p) p F (p) f (0)
L)'CWH''=]~'jD) F (p) (pF (p)f (0)) R f ( ) f (t ) d ]AD??]wD_H)H
''A%]L%''H'']=DDe/o''H]]/?H]D''=]x/WmDL;DD''?/L/DD)
p F1 (p) F2 (p) f1 (t) f2 (0) +
f1 ( ) f20 (t ) d
~K
<
2
t
0
t
0
0
2
P]'_;??e/PmTD)AR)CWT;WH~_D'PX'?kA%A%'/C''|
Z
0
2
p F1 (p) F2 (p) = F1 (p) f2 (0) + F1 (p) (p F2 (p) f2 (0)) f1 (t) f2 (0) +
d
p F1 (p) F2 (p)
dt
<
f1 ( ) f2 (t ) d.
f1 ( ) f20 (t ) d , .
,m?]w[]']?%T'?wa[][??]']/]]~D[
~]'J;
p F1 (p) F2 (p) f2 (t) f1 (0) +
f2 ( ) f10 (t
f20 (t)
d
) d =
dt
** *[*(
L& * F U Gm KJu~:k8;:=do: F (p) = L(f (t))[C<?:=do@
0
0
$3
t
0
f2 ( ) f1 (t ) d.
)4
2. f (t) = 1(t 1) (t 1)2 et1 5
1. f (t) = t e3t cos 2t 5
' G 1. F (p) =
L& * F 0 G [@
a]''H'/C,DwHL;aA%A%/??
(p3)2 4
2
((p3) +4)
2. F (p) =
2 ep
(p1)3
3. f (t) =
3. F (p) =
jN/KJu~:k8;:=do:P@JIE8LKCM?K
^
2
p3 (p1)
Rt
$3
f (t)
' G
L& * FLt|G 7m@C\=dT8;@Jc/do:{>p8[K]i)O/KDdWKXN/KXi)SN/l/OLz/dWK
[C<?:=do@
$3
f (t)
)4
1. f (t) =
3. f (t) =
' G
3
X
k=0
2
X
k=0
1
1(t kc) 1(kc + t) c > > 0
2k
L& * FL|Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:

$3
1. f (t) =
0
eb(ta)
OqN/KJu~:k8;:=do:
M?K
?M K
(1ep ) ep c
p
[C<?:=do@
)4
F (p) = L(f (t))

t < a,
0
2. f (t) =
cos(3t
6 )
t > a.
p
p e 18
p2 +9
$3
)4
M?K
?M K
t<
t>
2
(p1)3
F (p) = L(f (t))
' G 1. F (p) =
2. F (p) =
L& * F Gm KJu~:k8;:=do: F (p) = L(f (t))[C<?:=do@
M?K 0 < t < a,
t
M?K a < t < 2a,
2a t
1. f (t) =
M?K t < 0 OM?K t > 2a i)O%>=^ ;
M?K 2a < t < a + b,

t 2a
M?K a + b < t < 2b,
2b t
2. f (t) =
M?K t < 2a OM?K t > 2b i)O%>=^ ;
ea p
p+b
3. F (p) =
2. f (t) = 1(t c) 1(c + t) c > 0, > 0 5
1. F (p) = p1 (1 + ep )(1 + e2p )

2. F (p) =
1
1 p c
1 2p c
p
3. F (p) = p (1 e )(1 + 2 e
+ 4e
)
1(t k) 5
(t )2 e d
N/K
;4
1
F (p)
+ 5p
2
p
1. e2t f (2t) 5
2. 1(t 1) f (t 1) 5
3. t et f (t)

=

4
5
(p
2)
1. F (p) = 21 (p2)
2. F (p) = ep ( p12 + 5p)
+
2
2
2
,
18
.
18
a
0
y=f(t)
a
y=f (t)
b-a
t
2a
P'r
2a a+b 2b
P's
y=f(t)
1
0
-1
2a
y=f(t)
b-a
P'r
P'r
&%
y
y = f (t)
1
1
0
y=f(t)
a
P'r ]
2a
-1
P'r C
y=f(t)
y=f(t)
1
2a
P'r
0
-1
y=f(t)
0
-a
y=f(t)
a
t
M?K
M?K
M?K
0
1
3. f (t) =
c c+
P'r
P'r
3a
2c 2c+ 3c
P'r
&
OM?K
t<0
t > 2a,
0 < t < a,
a < t < 2a
9;
i)O%>=^
' G 1. F (p) = (1 e ) 2. F (p) = (e e )

3. F (p) = (1 e )
L& * FL|Gm KJu~:k8;:=do: F (p) = L(f (t))[C<?:=do@o>p8[K]i)O/KDdWKxN/K f (t) :X<CKD<?:=N/KqN'K
i)O%>=^ 10 2. i)O%>=^ 11 3. i)O%>=^ 12 4. i)O%>=^ 13 5. i)O%>=^ 14 6. i)O%>=^ 15 ^
1.
'$%'* G mL'''DeDe~'r ~']HH/CnDewL'''DeDe~'s C
' G 1. F (p) = (e e ) 2. F (p) = (e e )
=
$3
1
p
1
p2
1
p2
a p
b p
1
p
3. F (p) = p1 (1 2 ep + 2 e2p e3p )
1
a p2
4. F (p) =
a p
1
(1
p2
2 ep + 2 e2p e3p )
1
(ea p
a p2
e3a p )
6. F (p) =
a 1ep
p 1+ep
$3
2a p
L& * F f G g K\H:N/KJu~:k8%Oo@JIs8[KCMDCd
N/KTY%:k8/O%@J<CO/:=NoYD8[K]BD@C?>ArZ;:ANeOLuwY/SCZ;\\H?\\=do@Jc/
N%@C\=d aY/:k8%O%@J< c OnYD8;@_<?rZ/O/do:kZ%N%F@C\=(p)d ( < c) i)O%>=^ 16 ^
' G F (p) =
L& *-/. Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:a@JIs8[KCM?K F (p) N/KTY%:k8%O%@J<CO/LN/KDdWKwi)SN/l/OLz f (t) \Y%:k8%O%@J< T = 2
O

M?K 0 < t < ,
sin t
M?K < t < 2( i)O%>=^ ).
f (t) =
0
5. F (p) = p1 +
b p 2
a p
;4
a p 2
1
p2
a p 2
$3
a 1ep
p 1ep c
y=f(t)
y=f(t)
3
P'r
2a
P'r
4a
3a
y=f(t)
1
0
2a
3a
P'r J
5a
4a
6a
y=f(t)
2a 4a 6a 8a
P'r
!%
' G F (p) =
L& *- F/Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:@JIs8[KCM?K F (p) N/KY%:k8%O%@J<CO/LN'KDdoKi)SN/l/OLz
i)O/LN%@WN/K
i)O%>=^ 18 2. i)O%>=^ 19 3. i)O%>=^ 20 ^
1.
' G 1. F (p) =
2. F (p) =
3. F (p) =
L& *-%- Gm KJu~:k8;:=do: f (t) = L (F (p))j[C<?:=do@
=
1
(p2 +1) (1ep )
$3
;4
ap+1eap
1(1+ap) eap
ap2 (1e2ap )
ap2 (1eap )
$3
(1eap )
ap2 (1e4ap )
1. F (p) =
1ep +(1+p)e2 p
p2
4. F (p) =
p2 +1
p2 (p+1)
5. F (p) =
1
p3 (p2 +1)
6. F (p) =
1
p(1+ep )
7. F (p) =
16
(p2 +4)2
8. F (p) =
p+2
p2 +4p+5
9. F (p) =
e2 p
p2 +4 p+13
; 2. F (p) =
)4
' G
M?KD<CKD<?:=N/K>p8[KD
f (t)
ep
p2 +1
p e2 p
p2 +4
; 3. F (p) =
1. f (t) = 1(t)t 1(t 1)(t 1) + 1(t 2)(t 1)

2. f (t) = 1(t 1) sin(t 1) + 1(t 2) cos 2(t 2)

3. f (t) = 21 (et cos t sin t)
4. f (t) = t 1 + 2 et
1
p3 p2 +p1
;
.
[*(* 5. 'A%=DDD') F (p) D,]L; F (p) = p 1 1 *w?;D=D) F (p) =

p p +1
_'?/HLD)W~]'J;??
t
1
1
sin t = f (t) F (p) =

= f (t)
p
6
/pP+m1 D)A,/'?/L/?D)
,
$-
.
1
1
p 4 2
=
p p +1
<
1
3(t )2
sin d =
6
2
t
0
(t )2 sin d .
?]e']HH''/D)~%W;]'o/D=]|%/D)'/D)
T[ Re p > 0 '] 0 < |e | < 1
6.
#
F (p) =
t2
f (t) = + cos t 1
2
1
1 1
1
1
(1 ep + e2p e3p + . . .) = ep + e2p e3p + . . . .
p
p p
p
p
T 1 1 n]H]'Hj JqJD,H'H''=]'jD) 1 e 1(t n) ,H]'''A

''L;pDAD)XHD]'=]]D]o%''H'']= H]]'=]] C 'jDpLD!'w]o%]L?JD'WJW'/DH]']
=,]'/DH)| |w]''H'/C; f (t) '?/L/DD) f (t) = 1 1(t 1) + 1(t 2) 1(t 3) + . . .
'H]L%' f (t) = 1 J 0 < t < 1 f (t) = 0 J 1 < t < 2 f (t) = 1 J 2 < t < 3
J
RC | j%A%]?]A%'!]''H'/C/ P'H''J%''/wL'''
f (t) = 0
W'H''_ T =3 <2 |t/<?]/4q/ 1 J 0 < t < 1 n/D]/q/ 0 fJ(t) 1 < t < 2 h~C;DAqHm;
/D'/D]''']]H'w;C%x]]X D,'HH'o]''H'/C,[J?PD]P''L%JxL)TH]]'=]]
Jo]=_'/DH'A, ,E;DH'o]H]'Hj ] JW]]/?X/W'H''J%''/owL''''jD)
n p
L*
vJ
L(f (t)) =
R2
0
R 1 p t
f (t) ep t dt
e dt
1 ep
1
= 0
=
=
,
1 e2 p
1 e2 p
p (1 e2 p)
p (1 ep )
L]A]x=,]/C;W F (p)
w'A%=DDD') F (p) D,P]L; F (p) = 4 4 p /{
]H]'Hj JWL)'JWH''=]x'jD) p (p + 4)
&%
' G
F (p) 4
8. f (t) = e2 t cos t
4
4p
t sin 2t
4
2
p
(p + 4)2
t
0
sin 2 d = sin 2t 2t cos 2t.
9. f (t) =
1
3
1(t 2) e2(t2) sin 3(t 2)
66 5 6
r
IB
H]'H)]eJ!/?=;DAD'o;D?A%')=]JJ/D)'/D'e/!]''H'/C'_]H=]_
]]/?]
wHLP]]/?H; F (p) '/D]L%/W'H=,'/?]'jW/D'']/C%/X%']'LC D F (p) = F (p)
|%=] F (p) F (p) _q'?%''])nD!=]H'H'=D]]=]' m n m < n |qF_%(p)]
/o'?%'']j F (p) _oDh_)Jx'!A%A%']~%WA/L/?|
,']A/L/D| H'''RJ%R/e'?%'']j F (p) _e'']=]||wHL p , p , . . . , p _
]=_PJ% '_C%'mL%mL])L%H[H' ']L?WH9C']''H'/C/;H);D ~]'J;??
X F (p )
f (t) =
e .
F (p )
~DLk/D''AR/?=;DAD) F (p) eALoDeA%H)H?D''%']]|
X A
F (p)
A
A
A
C
F (p) =
=
+
+ ... +
=
.
F (p)
pp
pp
pp
pp
|b;]''A%r%' L]'=?D] L)'JoDD) C p p A%r ]]'/D]'
H/D'''H''AJR'' p p AjD)
1
O*
m
k=1
1
0
2
pk t
k=1
F1 (p)
lim (p pk )
=
ppk
F2 (p)
D]|%=]
Ak = lim (p pk )
ppk
Ak1
A1
(p pk ) + . . . +
(p pk ) + Ak +
ppk p p1
p pk1

Ak+1
An
(p pk ) + . . . +
(p pk ) = Ak
p pk+1
p pn
lim
F1 (p)
F1 (p)
F1 (pk )
= lim
= 0
, k = 1, 2, . . . , n.
F2 (p) ppk F2 (p) F2 (pk )
F2 (pk )
p pk
|D)H=]D) ] C /D)'/D)
*
F (p) =
1
ppk
e pk t
n
X
F1 (pk )
F 0 (pk )
k=1 2
1
.
p pk
HD]'=]]D]o%''H'']=xJW]''H'/C;e'?/L/?D) ]
%# | t|G [@ [@C:Ei)O/l/O%:=N/dWO/do:jN/KTY%@EZ%O/N%@ruwO/do: F (p) O F (p) \yKj8;:yK_Z%N/OoO F (p)

OLuwKYD8;@C\=dWK[@suwY[Z;:=[\=N/KN/SCZ%K a+ib ;do@ O aib :a\HCo@ YD8;@C\=dWKN/SCZ%KN/KTdo@HM?OWY%@sZ%O'N%@ruX^
} @C>rK]B?KmBa8[KCMHZ%K]>rKDN%:=do@ (41) o: SLK]\=doB?S[B?KDd \HCICOD8[K]:vuwO/do: A + B ,[C<?:=
do@Hj\H?>vZ%K]\=N%@ 42 )OLuwKJu~: A = F (a + ib) O B = F (a ib)p =a A ^ ib :=pK Aa=+Mib + iN ^
F (a ib)
Z;:=<oYD8;:H@JIs8[KCM?S[B?KDN%:rY%@EZ%SLK]B?KJu~F: (a + ib)

;1
1
0
2
1
0
2
]
Z;:=<?@CB?KDdo:vZ%N%@XBXdo@HM?O\vZ%SLKDc<?BD:=do:T\HCICOD8[K]:yuwO!B98[KCMHZ%K]>rKDN%:=do@ (41)*[@JO/do@~@Jdo>A@CB?KA8z/d
N/KPL@suwY[Z;:=[\=N%@m\=YD8;:H>rN/KDdWO/do:TN/SCZ%O a ibhu~@_:vu<CKmM?KJu~:H\=dWOLu\<Hz%\=N/KDdWKW\=dT8[KDN/KWN/K
TLC<?:Ade@ M = Re F (a + ib) N = Im F (a + ib) ^~`*8/O%>rO/N/K_Z/Cdm\H_@JdoBD:=do\=doB?KD
(44)
N/Kx<Hz%\=N/KDdWKq\=dT8[KDN/KxN/K F(44)(a +: ib)2M e cos b t F2N(a +e ib)sin b t ^
A
B
2M (p a) 2N b
+
=
.
p a ib p a + ib
(p a)2 + b2
1
0
2
1
0
2
at
at
]]'qA/L/D| =o/eJ%]w/ F (p) 'jmq)']H]'/?]'|/wHLmJ%]w/ F (p)

_ p , p , . . . , p Dm'/?]']=]!=D]]=]' m , m , . . . , m [L?] m + m + . . . + m = n
]D_A/L/D/?=;DAD'=]x/ F (p) 'jW]L;

'
CWT;WHX']L?WD''
Akj =
,?]
'
k
Akj
F1 (p) X X
.
=
F2 (p) k=1 j=1 (p pk )j
1
lim [(p pk )mk F (p)](mk j) .
(mk j)! ppk
D]H]'Hj J%'wH'H'''/D'!/_]]/?WH''x'jD)
']eD [ !H]]'=]]D]o%''H'']=q'?/L/DD)wJW]''H'/C;
1
e pk t
p pk
n!
n pk t
n+1 t e
(p pk )
f (t) =
mk
s X
X
k=1 j=1
Akj
tj1 epk t .
(j 1)!
$
Te'?/L'H/??e~]'J;W'' m = m = . . . = m = 1 s = n 'C/L/DD)
''H'/J/ f (t) )JW ;mHTJ?'Pwq'X%L/C''|D[PH]D,''T]''jD''T/
XD?/'
pk
m k'/?]H'?%T~/WwL'''D
k
F (p) ep t
1
lim [(p pk )mk F (p) ep t ](mk 1)
(mk 1)! ppk

m
k 1
X
1
mk 1
lim
=
[(p pk )mk F (p)](mk 1j) (ep t )(j)
(mk 1)! ppk j=0
j

mk
X
mk 1
1
lim
[(p pk )mk F (p)](mk j) (ep t )(j1)
=
(mk 1)! ppk j=1 j 1
Res (F (p) ep t ; pk ) =
=
=
=
j%A%]?]A%'
k
X
1
(mk 1)!
lim
[(p pk )mk F (p)](mk j) tj1 ep t
(mk 1)! ppk j=1 (j 1)! (mk j)!
mk
X
j=1
mk
X
j=1
1
tj1 p t
mk
(mk j)
lim [(p pk ) F (p)]
e
(mk j)! ppk
(j 1)!
Akj
tj1 pk t
e .
(j 1)!
f (t) =
s
X
Res (F (p) ep t ; pk ) .
;
DLm%]L?JC)XA%A%/??o]H]'Hj
["%*[w F U P'"%*b'["%*[w [b* #'J'# G [@q@JIs8[KCMDCd F (p) = F (p) 9[C<?:=do@
O F (p) \yKqY%@EZ%O/N%@ruwO\HJ@JdoBD:=dWN%@e@Jd \=do:=Y%:=N m O n m < n I?:rMqF@J(p)
ICWON/SCZ%OnO
F (p)
8;:yK_Z%N/OqO[Z%Ox[@ruwY[Z;:=[\=N/O \H_@JdoBD:=dWN%@
\yK98[KCMHZ%O/LN/O/do: N/SCZ%OqN/K
p k = 1, 2, . . . , s
@Jd H8[KDdWN%@C\=dWO m k = 1, 2, . . . , s P F m(p) = n~do@n@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z'Cd f (t) \H:!<CK]B?K\
ij@E8[uwSCZ%KDdWK
m[C<?:=do@ \H:RY%@sZ/S[[K]B?K\ (46) ô`*8%O%>rO/N/K_Z'Cd f (t) u~@_:n<CK\H:
N/KJu~:k8%OnOb\mij(47)
@E8uwSCZ%KDdWK (48) ^ A
%# | |G F (p) :wN%:=YD8[K]B?O[Z%N/K8[KDl/O%@JN/K_Z%N/Ke<s8;@JI_jde^ :_^ F (p) = F (p) )[C<?:=do@
\yKY%@sZ%O/N%@suwO@Jd \=do:=Y/:=N/O \H_@JdoBD:=dWN%@ m O n m > nmFdo(p)@ F (p) N%:

F (p) F (p)
u~@_:P<CKI?C<?:o@JIs8[KCMqN/KqNLz/[@=zi)SN/l/OLzjM?KDo@Jdo@WM?KqN%:sz lim F (p) 6= 0KxM?K@JIs8[KCM?O/do:
:XN%:H@JIH%@J<COLu~@ lim F (p) = 0 B?O' \kZ;:=<?\=doB?O%: ^
''H'/J/ f (t) )Jo);{H/D)H'm%HH''{;C%HP]]/? F (p) DD[TJ{wL'''D
]=_'/?'/?DW]]'L p = D]=]/D''o]H]]H/m]]' ]ADX%]/D'D]e'r
F (p)
/ F (p) o][?%']=x/ p = 'jo]L;
k=1
\o
]

s
k=1
kj

;1
8;:
''!]]
F (p) = c0 +
c0 = 0
c1 c2
cn
+ 2 + ... + n + ...
p
p
p
J?PD]x=,E;DH'eA%A%=]]' 'jD)
lim F (p) = 0
p
;
["%*[w F 0 E *$%'["%*[w [b* #'J'# GP :=KBT@J[@EZ%N%@C\=dN/KTIC:rM?H8LKDc'N/KDdWKTdo@JL

KoM?Kq@JIs8[KCM?K F (p) m: B?K_Z%O/<CN%@T8[KCMDB?O/dWO%:=do@
M?KxNLz'L@J: R > 0 .
c
c
c
F (p) =
+
+ ... +
+ . . . , |p| > R
p
p
p
} @C>rK]B?KoM?Kq@E8%O%>rO/N/K_ZbN/K F (p) \kZ%S]Obi)SN/l/OLz/dWK 1(t) f (t)[C<?:=do@
c
c
c
t
+ ....
f (t) = c + t + t + . . . +
p
1!
2!
(n 1)!
798%Ondo@CB?K f (t) :XlLzZ%Ki)SN/l/OLz;^
b"%| ['']'$%" G w?;D=D) p = /?_s%=W;D)XwL'''D (q) = F ( ) ;mL'''L
D (q) = P c q eD/C%]''/!',A |q| ||%=] R > R W'']_]?%''
Tx'H/D]H'=]?Dx/ DPJoLDH~'''Hm/o=]H'H/'R'An'jD) |c | M R
|%=] M = max |(q)| ]AD
Z
]
2
2
n
n
3 2
n=1

1
q
1
q
1
R1
n1
n
1
|q|= R1

cn

M R1 (|t|R1 )n1
n1

t
(n 1)!

(n 1)!
Jq]s'[ t C D,nL?]'A/; P M R (|t| R ) ms_/Jx]s'L t C %]

'A/ p 9E[_/ D]H?%{]' C j%A%](n?]A%1)!'X=Lj?Dw f (t) aL;wL'''|
H]H!]]o'jD)
1
n=1
;J
|f (t)|
n1
X
X
(R1 |t|)n
|cn | |t|n1
M R1
= M R1 eR1 |t|
(n
1)!
n!
n=0
n=1
Jw]s'[ t C DD]|%=] |f (t)| M R e J t 0 T~/D'/D]H']{/?_E%=o;D'

A%A%'' 1(t) f (t) ]''H'/C, ,qL?]o'A/; p /D]'])H''Ws_/4D,W]s'[
L])/D]'n'_%)'CWH=]]n/ C *]])JWo;RHqL)'Jx e ;RH']HH''/
']L%H''' t D 0 %!'']_]?%' T > 0 TL''n]] Re p > R ;])JWX;qH
']HH''%eD 0 % %wHL Re p > R jD)
1
R1 t
pt
v#
L(f (t)) =
f (t) e
p t
dt =
cn
(n 1)!
tn1 ep t dt =
X
cn
= F (p) ,
n
p
n=1
D,?] R t e dt = L(t ) =
%# | G @_:e<CK\H:o<?@JK?:oO@JIs8[KDdWN%@Jdo@doBDs8%<?:=N/O%:r KOLu~:=N/N%@ KD[@@E8%O%>rO/
N/K_Z/Cd OLuwKPB?O/<CK 1(t) f (t),[C<?:=do@ f (t) = X c t :{lLz[Z%KWi)SN/l/OLz*S<?@CBHZ;:=doBD@E8z%B?KDWK
n!
S[\vZ;@CB?O%:=do@ |f (t)| < M e do@WOMD@JIs8[K?:=N/O%:=do@ F (p) = X c ^
2

;1
n=1
n1 p t
n1
(n1)!
pn
)4
n=0
0 |t|
n n
n=0
<
pn+1
*(*w[ U'0 Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:m@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%K f (t) N/Kqi)SN/l/OLz/dWK F (p) = 1 ^

p (p + 1)
[*(* ?=;DAD)/?'']/C%/?DRwL''' F (p) R=LjDnA%H)HDD''%']]|
jD)
3
$-
.k^
F (p) =
1
A
D
B
C
.
+
+
3 =
2 +
p
p + 1 (p + 1)
p (p + 1)
(p + 1)3
'])Dm?!/q~]'J%] ] JqL]H~'''H]e/D)'/D)
j%A%]?]A%'
C = 1 D = 1
J
+J
1
1
1
1
1
.
3 =
2
p p + 1 (p + 1)
p (p + 1)
(p + 1)3
F (p) =
A = 1 B = 1
T eD]]/?DW]H]'HjoJW/?=;DAD'X/D)'/D) f (t) = 1 e t e t e
*(*w[ U t|Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:X@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%K f (t) N/Kei)SN/l/OLz/dWK F (p) =
^
1
(p 1) (p + 2p + 2)
[*(* _%]w/m'?%'']jmm_/D)H/?]r%_ 1 1 i ?=;DAD)/D'']/C'
/?DxwL''' F (p) q=LjqDA%H)H?D'/R%']]| ?]qD_H)H ''A%]LbJD]A%=xL
/'jD)
1
A
2M (p + 1) 2N
F (p) =
,
=
+
(p 1) (p + 2p + 2)
p1
(p + 1) + 1
|%=]
t
2 t
$-
.
A=
j%A%]?]A%'
J
1
= ,
5
(p 1) (p2 + 2p + 2) p=1

1
1
1

M + iN =
= + i.
0
10 5
(p 1) (p2 + 2p + 2) p=1+i
M =
1
1
N=
10
5
F (p) =

0
DLW'?/L/DD)
1
2
1
p+1
1
2
5(p 1) 5 (p + 1) + 1 5 (p + 1)2 + 1
1 t 1 t
2
e e cos t et sin t .
5
5
5
+*
F (p)
f (t) = L1 (F (p)) =
CWT;WH~/D]D]'?kA%A%'/J''| |m;C%H/??ewL'''
'D]e/?=;DAD'Xo=LjoDeA%H)HDD''%']]|
'
F (p) =
XHH'eH~/D)'//'
A=
(p
1
5
A
Mp+N
1
=
+ 2
.
+ 2p + 2)
p 1 p + 2p + 2
1)(p2
M = 15 N = 35
F (p) =
DP'?/L/DD)
1
p+3
1
,
2
5(p 1) 5 p + 2p + 2
wC%L%'eA%A'
L]A]eJD''HD)w?D
F (p) =
D]|%=]
1
p+1
2
1
1
,
2
5(p 1) 5 (p + 1) + 1 5 (p + 1)2 + 1
f (t) = L1 (F (p)) =
1 t 1 t
2
e e cos t et sin t .
5
5
5
*(*w[ U |Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:m@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%K f (t) N/Kqi)SN/l/OLz/dWK F (p) =

^
5p
(p + 4) (p + 9)
[*(* J%]/9'?%'']j99_/D)H/?]A/m_ 02i 03i ?=;DAD)/D'']/C'
/?DxwL''' F (p) q=LjqDA%H)H?D'/R%']]| ?]qD_H)H ''A%]LbJD]A%=xL
/'jD)
2
$-
.
|%=]
F (p) =
M1 + iN1 =
j%A%]?]A%'
J
2M1 (p 0) 4N1 2M2 (p 0) 6N2

5p
=
+
,
(p2 + 4) (p2 + 9)
p2 + 4
p2 + 9
5p
(p2 + 4) (p2 + 9)
M1 =

5p
1
1

= , M2 + iN2 =
= .
0
2
2
(p2 + 4) (p2 + 9) p=3i

0
p=2i
1
1
N1 = 0 M 2 =
N2 = 0
2
2
F (p) =
(p2
DLW'?/L/DD)
5p
p
p
= 2
2
2
+ 4) (p + 9)
p +4 p +9
f (t) = L1 (F (p)) = cos 2t cos 3t .
*(*w[ U Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:q@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%K f (t) N/Kni)SN/l/OLz/dWK F (p) = p + 3 p p + 1 \

p (p + 1) (p + 1)
Y%@ru~@JWdWKxN/Kqij@E8uwSCZ%K (48) ^
[*(* ]''] p = 0 p = i _o'']=]'?%TH/owL'''? F (p) e %
%DL'/?]HR'?%TD |W'=_L/[L)m/D)'/D)D
z = 1
3
$-
.
pt
2,3
+*
Res (F (p) ep t ; 0) = lim p F (p) ep t = 1
p0
Res (F (p) ep t ; i) = lim(p i) F (p) ep t =

pi
1 it 1 it
e + e
2i
2
Res (F (p) ep t ; i) = lim (p + i) F (p) ep t =

pi
Res (F (p) ep t ; 1) = lim
T '?/L/DD)
p1
(p + 1)2 F (p) ep t
1 i t 1 i t
e + e
2i
2
0
= 2 et 2t et
f (t) = L1 (F (p)) = 1 + 2i1 ei t + 12 ei t 2i1 ei t + 21 ei t 2 et 2t et =

1 + cos t + sin t 2 et 2t et
;
*(*w[ U |Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:m@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%K
N/Kqi)SN/l/OLz/dWK
f (t)
p4
F (p) = 5
p 1
[*(* mL'''D F (p) = p eD/C%]''/][?%']=D? |p| > 1 /!]=_L

/D'/??w]]'L j%A%]?]A%'m)JWp ;w1H /?_]' w'Aq/X]/DWw??_e]?;D=C jD)
,
$-
.
LJ
F (p) =
p4

p5 1
=
1
p5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 + 5 + 10 + . . . = + 6 + 11 + . . . , |p| > 1.
p
p
p
p p
p
Te,'?DP]H]'HjoJW/?=;D=D'wJo]''H'/C;
f (t)
'?/L/DD)
t5
t10
f (t) = 1 + +
+ ....
5! 10!
*(*w[ U%f Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:m@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%K f (t) N/Kqi)SN/l/OLz/dWK

[*(* ?]o_'?/HLD)X_]H=]'Dx/?_]]'
,
$-
.
F (p) = p
C%L%'oJ
(1 + z) = 1 +
|z| < 1
1
1 + p2
1=1
( 1) 2 ( 1) ( 2) 3
z+
z +
z + ...,
1!
2!
3!
'/D)'/D)
1

( 12 )( 23 ) 1
( 12 )( 23 )( 25 ) 1
1 1
1
1 2
= 1
F (p) =
1+ 2
+
+
+ ...
p
p
2 p2
2!
p4
3!
p6
1.3 1
1.3.5 1
(2n 1)!! 1
1 1 1
+ 2
+ 3
+ ... +
+ . . . |p| > 1.
=
3
5
7
p 2p
2 2! p
2 3! p
2n n! p2n+1
Te,'?DP]H]'HjoJW/?=;D=D'wJo]''H'/C;
f (t)
'?/L/DD)
1 t2
1.3 t4 1.3.5 t6
(2n 1)!! t2n
+ 2
3
+ ... +
+ ...
2 2! 2 2! 4!
2 3! 6!
2n n! (2n)!
t4
t6
(1)n t2n
t2
... +
+ ....
= 1 2 +
2
24 (2!)2 26 (3!)2
22n (n!)2
f (t) = 1
w?/L'H/??~wL'''eH9D_/J/D
WH /D''/w h * *( b* PL]"%q *$%(
*"[& ( ,L#[$*]& |WwL''''/ J(t)HHAn]/?=%A
DLW'?/L'L)

}|
1
p
1 + p2
J0 (t) =
X
(1)n t2n
n=0
** *[*(
22n (n!)2
{
L& *-%U Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:m@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%K

2
$3
1. F (p) =
p3 4p+1
p (p1)3
4. F (p) =
1
(p1) (p2 +1)
7. F (p) =
e2 p
(p+1) (p2 +2 p+2)
;
;
f (t)
N/Kqi)SN/l/OLz/dWK
2. F (p) =
p+1
(p2 +1) (p2 +4)
5. F (p) =
p
(p1) (p2 +1)
ep
p (p1)
; 8. F (p) =
F (p)
; 3. F (p) =
[C<?:=do@
)4
p2 +1
p4 3 p3 +4 p2 12 p
6. F (p) =
1
p (p1) (p2 +1)
9. F (p) =
1
.
(p2 4p+5)3
[*(* ?w'r%=DDD') F (p) D,{]L; F (p) = 1 ? _E%=o;D)wLL

''D F (p) = 1 T[ f (t) ~]''H'/C/;x((p
/ F 2)(p) '+]1)eD 'jD)
(p + 1)
,
$-
.
b#
;
f1 (t) = Res (F1 (p) ep t ; i) + Res (F1 (p) ep t ; i),
D,L?]o]]'']
)]X/D)'/D)
_o'?%TH] ] '''/?]/ /owL'''D
F1 (p) ept
|W'=_L/[
+*
h (p i)3 ep t i00 1
h
i00
1
3
pt
Res (F1 (p) e ; i) =
e
(p
+
i)
lim
lim
=
2 pi (p2 + 1)3
2 pi
1
=
lim[ ep t t2 (p + i)3 6ep t t(p + i)4 + 12ep t (p + i)5 ]
2 pi
ei t 2
=
(t i 3t 3i),
8
pt
D=D
Res (F1 (p) ep t ; i) =
ei t
(t2 i 3t + 3i)
8
i
1h 2 it
t i(e ei t ) 3t(ei t + ei t ) 3i(ei t ei t )
8
1
1
=
(2t2 sin t 6t cos t + 6 sin t) = (t2 sin t 3t cos t + 3 sin t).
8
4
f1 (t) =
,!L?]
=
' G
F (p) = F1 (p 2)
']eDo]H]'Hj JW''H)H=D'=]q'?/L/DD)
e2t
(t2 sin t 3t cos t + 3 sin t).
4
f (t) = L1 (F (p)) =
1. f (t) = 1 + 2 et + t et t2 et
1
+
3. f (t) = 12
10
39
e3t
9
52
cos 2t +
5. f (t) = 21 (et + sin t cos t)
3
26
2. f ((t) = 31 (cos t + sin t cos 2t 21 sin 2t)
sin 2t
4. f (t) = 12 (et sin t cos t)
6. f (t) = 12 (et + cos t sin t 2)
7. f (t) = e(t2) e(t2) cos(t 2)

8. f (t) = et1 1(t 1) 1(t 1)
L& *-'0 Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:m@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%K f (t) N/Kqi)SN/l/OLz/dWK F (p)[C<?:=do@

e
1. F (p) =
n N ; 2. F (p) = e
; 3. F (p) = log(1 + ) ;
2
$3
)4
p1
pn+1
p2
p4 1
4. F (p) =
1
p
1
p2
1
p
5. F (p) = sin p1 ;
6. F (p) =
1
1+p10
[*(* )mL'''D F (p) = e D/C%]''/b C\{0} ?]b_'?/HLD)

/?_]]'=/xH[H']'H''/C%/?DwLp''' e = 1 + + . . . + + . . . ;C%L%'q C
JP%]/D']]D]o/?_]]'X/ e '?/L/DD)
,
$-
p1
.
n+1
zn
n!
z
1!
p1
pn+1
X (1)k
e p
1
=
.
n+1
k+n+1
p
k!
p
k=0
Te,'?DP]H]'HjoJW/?=;D=D'~'?/L/DD)wJo]''H'/C;
TLo'?%Jx'
#
t = ( 2 )2
f (t) =
']
X
(1)k
k=0
k!
tn+k
.
(n + k)!
n+2k
2n+2k
n X
n
X
(1)k ( 2 )
n
(1)k ( 2 )
=
=
Jn ( ) = t 2 Jn (2 t) .
f (t) =
k! (n + k)!
2 k=0 k!(n + k)!
2
k=0
mL'''D J (z) = X (1) ( ) HT/?''/P h* *( * PL]"%! *$%(*"[&

k!(n + k)!
( ns'(*]& DLW'?/L'L) t J (2t) e '' n = 0 'jD) J (2t) e
|PwL'''? log z log 1 = 0 wC%L%'po/?_D]'= log(1 + z) = + . . .p+
o',A
]ADXJWwL'''D
'?/L/DD)
z n+2k
2
k=0
n
2
p1
1
p
n+1
b*
z
1
(1)n1 zn + . . .
|p| > 1
f (t) = 1
=
' G
F (p) = log(1 + p1 )
|z| < 1
z2
2
1
1
1
1
F (p) = log(1 + ) = 2 + . . . + (1)n1 n + . . .
p
p 2p
np
,'??P]H]'HjoJo/?=;DAD'~/D)'/D)wJo]''H'/C;
+J
1 t
(1)n1 tn1
t
1 et
tn1
+. . .+
+. . . = 1 +. . .+(1)n1
+. . . =
.
2 1!
n
(n 1)!
2!
n!
t
2. f (t) =
5. f (t) =
X
0
t2n
(1)
;
n!(2n)!
n
4. f (t) =
X
0
t4n+1
(4n + 1)!
X
t2n
t10n+9
(1)n
; 6. f (t) =
.
(1)n
(2n)!(2n + 1)!
(10n
+
9)!
0

1 5
1
3 6 5
6
5 5

5 5
s
I@
\h
kB
ih
' w h* *(
DjWwL'''DeH%H~'''/o~'])Dm?e/W/D]H'=]]D]

a
p C
]HH/C/;WD~/'H/?DX=]/D/m/~H]''D]P/DDH'=]]PH{/D''/ (**'[D** ,#[
"%x$%'"%*(b*"[& ]Pa'HH]]=]]Ho']/C%W]=_'/D'/??wHWH]'/H/D''/T'' x < 1
']/C%e'H]H/D'''H']=DDX/~wL'''? e t _ t = 0 D_o']HH/C!9E[_/J
?PwL'''Do'~~A%H)HDD'/ewL'''| !H~D]/Ds,C |/H'H'/C%'
x>0
wL''''|%[]]x'==]xHXH'=W?xo''L%Cx']wJC;C'|
~D]]A%=x''L]!H]]'=]o/owL'''? (x)
n"%*# [**(*$%]&[*(*
]
(x + 1) = x (x).
p
TL x = n n N D_H)H''A%]L,%' R e dt = 1 /D p ] '?/L/DD)
(n + 1) = n!
Px_D'PH p ] D,qDL; (x) = (x + 1) Do;DxDh_)Jx']=x;e%=~'''/D)
J 1 < x < 0 ~D'=]'/Jbx ?D'' x 'jD) x + 1 > 0 (x + 1) H
(x)
]''A%A/xA%'D_/J''X p C T/C%]H'''XD (x + 2) = (x + 1) (x + 1) = (x + 1) x (x)
'jD) (x) = (x + 2) an[]=])JWH;%H~'''/D) (x) J 2 < x < 1
wWDD,o/C''(x)J+W1)T;xP%H~'''/D) (x) Jo]H'''D]''/?]r;' x '~_L%T'H''
/
|]=_ _/J'H'/ x a=hP J x = 0 wL'''D'n
%H~x''='/D1,
/ 2, . . .
n"%*# [n&"% j#$%'*
(x) (1 x) =
.
p
x

ToD?_~]'J;o'' x = '?/L/DD) ( ) sin
=
[])L%HLH/??/D]''/TADjTL''''?H]''A%A/P=hP']HH/C;/wL%H|
C D%~/D]H'=]]D]
Z
(x) =
et tx1 dt.
t x1
u
t
0
<#
u
1
2
1
2
(z) =
et tz1 dt,
|%=] t = e JoP;!Hx']L?WDh'o]D_']HH/CeE[_/ '?/L/D?

''/?D
'bD?_'?/L/D]''/
D/C%]''/wL'''|jJLJ]
_C%L%Re' zp >] 0 pD )JWW;Hx''_/|(z)
/xD/C%]'''nL;?D[])L%HLH/
/D]''/LA%A[]=] (z) D/C%]''/PmL])L%H[H/??W/D]''/ C LT_L%T'H''w/
]]''] z = 0, 1, 2, . . . 'oL]]e'jW'']=]'?%TH|
XD]]A%=x'DP~A%'eH]]'=]]e/ (z)
n"%*L#* 'h&
(z) (z + ) =
(2z).
2
2
w'= (z) H~_/?H'?e_]]/?oH'?o/PmDL;D~/m%']]']X=]H'H'R/ t
*(*w[ 0;. G g Kq\H:XN/KJu~:k8%OnOMD@JIs8[K?:=N/O%:=do@ F (p) N/K t > 1 ^
[*(* we%H~''''n'jD) F (p) = R t e dt p[])L%HL=/''])HL%'
wHLPD]/J/C%W'''H)H9' p '?%Jx]A%/P]A%'''/Pe;m/D'/D]'H'/?? p t =
'D]|%=] t = /w?/L/DD)
'
(z1) ln t
z1
"
SH
;1
_
2z1
$-
.
p t
F (p) =
Z
d
1
( + 1)
.
= +1
e d =
p
p
p
p+1
0
j%A%]?]A%'b'' p > 0 > 1 'jH)'=| F (p) *'']]]'] p > 0

C D p = e
wHRHH= p [])L%HLH/b''])HL%'jmL'''? ( + 1)
|%=] p = e
Log p = ln |p| + iArg p XE;D]/??x=]]'']=/W%]AD'pD,j
RD/C%]''/'?/L/D]''/?? Re p > 0 ,?]'=,E;DH'
]H]'Hj<?DArg
p
bJbA%''=]]H/]=CLJ;bD/C%]''/wL'''H]''A%A/A%'DH/C''
=,w_/J'H'DoHD,L'''WDW%H~''''']'/??eH]?;D=C']e]]/?Ho/WmDL;D
/ t H9]''A%A/o/D|%'w=,a_/J'H'D~HWD,LP'?%Jx]A%/??~/D=~/w'_J%/?D
]~r%A%]?]A%'
0
+1
(+1) ln p
+1
+1
(+1)Log0 p
+1
|%=] p
'=HJ/?? t
t
+1
n
( + 1)
, Re p > 0,
p+1
w' = n N D~H]'/??~~]'J;w'?/L/DD)9_]H=]/
w' = 'jD) = L%
= e(+1) Log0 p
n!
= pn+1
(n+1)
pn+1
1
2
( 21 )
1
p2
1
1
.
p
t
m D]]A%=x'9%'m'' 1 < < 0 wL'''? t 'je_]]/?WH''D%'x'~J%]?%=?

]]/]P]A%]]DWJo]''H'/C,'D,?] t '' t +0
*(*w[ 0 F/Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:XOMD@JIs8[K?:=N/OLz/dWKxN/Kqi)SN/l/O/O/do:
sin t
cos t ^
1. f (t) =
2. f (t) =

/4
[*(* H p > 0 *P]'J%]D*[]]Px'C/L''Pe_!C%L%'bJ[]#

L%HL=' h[]=])JWm;!HW%]L?WoW]H]'Hj??J!A%''=]]H']HR/D/C%]''']
wL''''|pT ]H]'Hj Jo''H)H=]D'=x'jD)
,
$-
.
ei t

,
pi
t
]AD
ei t

p+i
t

1
1
ei t ei t
sin t
p+i pi
=
.

=
2i
2i
pi
p+i
t
2i t
p2 + 1
?]e_'?/HLD)X~]'_%]
a2
a2
a + ib =
a + ib =
/D)'/D)
b2
+ +a
+i
2
it
it
cos t
e +e
=
t
2 t
b2
+ a
,
2
s
2
2
a + b a
+ +a
i
,
2
2
p2 +1p
sin t
2i
2

p
2
2i
t
p +1
jD)
a2
b2
D[
D[
b 0,
b < 0,
r sp 2
p +1p
=
.
2
p2 + 1
r

1
1

=
+
2
2
pi
p+i
sp
p2 + 1 + p
.
p2 + 1
*(*w[ 0- Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:XOMD@JIs8[K?:=N/OLz/dWKxN/KxO/N/do:H>p8[K_Z%O/do:~N/KnQj8;:=N%:vZ
S(t) =
sin t
dt,
2 t
C(t) =
[*(* Te''A%'''')H'jD)
,
$-
t
0
cos t
dt.
2 t
.
sp
p2 + 1 p
sin t
1
,

2
p2 + 1
2 t
sp
p2 + 1 + p
cos t
1
.

2
p2 + 1
2 t
sp
p2 + 1 p
1
,
S(t)
2p
p2 + 1
sp
p2 + 1 + p
1
C(t)
.
2p
p2 + 1
H]'Hj JW']HH'//D'm/W]''H'/C;D
PL#"%$% h* *(
m'~='H''/C%'D]xL/D]'H''
&{
p ]
|%=] y(t) X'H_]H=]%??qwL'''| m'_C%HR/D/D)=D,|;Hm/D''/ h*'$%*[*(*
* PL] =PH''H]q/P]]WL/?]'H''~D,'H'D,o]L/oA%A%''r,
p
y(t) = t (a + a t + . . . + a t + . . .), a 6= 0.
?]JD)H=]' bL/D]'H''=]'''/D]'',J;[]H~'''H]R''A ]H'''
=]H'H'/ t j'?/L/DD)/DLk/D''A,']'] = T[ = 0 )]D
]=?D/C%]XJD]'H')]=]/D)'/D) a = 0 k = 0, 1. . . .
t2 y 00 + ty 0 + (t2 2 )y = 0,
#
2k+1
DDLo'?/L/DD)
a2k =
(1)k a0
, k = 1, 2, . . . .
22k k! ( + 1)( + 2) . . . ( + k)
p
A/; p EJ/Jn]s'Ln'_C%' t []=]b)CWe;RH']?Wq''_/DLb/
PC;D)]H| ?];?D)e/ a /?=%'''=]]'']=]|#'?/L/DD)x/?=%''''=PH'
/xL/D]'H''= p] =PH''H]'hL]=]!HP'?/L/D'' a =
HPD_/C/Dx
nHP/D''/q h# *( * PL]"; *$%(*"&( E'(*]& G T~]'_;?D
J (t)
] J{''']A%H''aA%A%?'
!p C | ]=DPD p /D)'/D)( +1)( +1) = ( +2) ( +2)( +1)( +1) = ( +3)
t
X
(1)
J (t) =
.
p
k! ( + k + 1) 2
TL 6= 0 '?%Jx' = /'o=hP/C'''?/L/DD)
y(t) = a0 t
1+
X
k=1

(1)k t2k
.
22k k! ( + 1)( + 2) . . . ( + k)
<
<
K{
1
2 (+1)
<
2k+
!
k=0
TL
#
J (t) =
t 2k
(1)k
k! ( + k + 1) 2
' ]]AD J = (1) J

HL;o~A%A%/??e'HL'H/e~]'J;
=nN
k=0
n
J+1 (t) = J1 (t) 2J0 (t).
w' = 0 'D_HjD''''A%]L,/' J (t) = J (t) ''?/L/DD)

*(*w[ 0U Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:m@JIs8[KCM?KqN/Kxi)S[N'[l'OLz/dWK J (t) n N ^
$
J1 (t) = J00 (t)
[*(* ''')H /D)H'L)D' J (t) 1 = 1 jTR]H]'Hj J

%'~H'H'''/D'/]''H'/C'jD) J (t) p J (0) = D,L?]
;T J (t) = J (t) A%A%/'
J (0) = 1
,
$-
.
1
1+p2
1+p2
0
0
p
1 + p2 p
.
J1 ((t) p
1 + p2
w%]L?WH'e'L/L''|%'
1+p2
1
1+p2
0
0

w]L?JC)e'?kH]'Dh'e~]'_;?D oD''/J n = 0 n = 1 ,wHLCeD''/
J!]r'[ n % n = m e']L?oH9|'oJeD''/J n = m + 1 *T p 'jD)
;H]H!]] J (0) = 0 '' m > 0 ]AD
J
(t) = J
(t) 2J (t)
p
n
( 1 + p2 p)
p
Jn ((t)
.
1 + p2
<%
<%
m+1
0
m
m1
Jm+1
p
p
m1
m
( 1 + p2 p)
( 1 + p2 p)
p
p

2p
1 + p2
p2 + 1
p
p
m1
m+1
p
p2 + 1 p)
( 1 + p2 p)
(
2
2
p
p
=
(1 2p 1 + p + 2p ) =
.
p2 + 1
p2 + 1
] ]o~]'_;?D %]L?JD/
*(*w[ 0%0 Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:m@JIs8[KCM?KqN/Kxi)S[N'[l'OLz/dWK
[*(* T p 'jD)
J
<%
$-
.
n
t 2 Jn (2 t) n N
!
n
2
t Jn (2 t) = t
n
2
2t 2k+n X
(1)k
(1)k
=
tk+n .
k! ( + k + 1) 2
k! (n + k)!
k=0
?]eD_H)H''A%]LRJD]A%=xL JW]]/?J
k=0
F (p) =
X
(1)k
k!
1
pk+n+1
'?/L/DD)
F (p)
1 k
1
1 X ( p )
1
= n+1
= n+1 e p .
p
k!
p
k=0
'H]L%'xwL'''? e _%]?%=]]]'o]A%]]De/o,'??W]H]'HjeJo/?=
;DAD' ]H]'Hj 'D]|%=]xA%A%oL]'=]']=]De/o'=PH''='
G Rh* *( *D* *(*'
]H]'/W]H'J]']=]mH~/?_E%=o;oA%A%/?DewL'''
k=0
1
pn+1
&&
p1
$-
2
erf (z) =
e d.
?_WwL'''WH9/D''/w h* *( n*qD* *(*'o(,#( h* *( n* ',#/ CW

;oH~']L?WD/'wJ~L;WwL'''| _'?/HLoH~DP~wL'''?

$-
2
Erf (z) = 1 erf (z) =
;
e d.
'
~ /?_E%A;D)X'[]JC;C'|'o[]]eL%]''H'/C/;C%L%!]]/?H;eH~_/?H'?
''=wL'''?
jw''=WDD'=]/b'[]Db]=_JC;J'H'DD)
']A%x''_/|/eDDerf)e(z)D/C%]'''RHx'D_]DD)o/!]H]'Hj?DJA%''=]]H'p]=>b/0
D/C%]'''XwL''''|
*(*w[ 0 t|Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:m@JIs8[KCM?KqN/Kxi)S[N'[l'OLz/dWK e ^
[*(* wP%H~''''/W]]/?~'jD)

t2
$-
t2
.
p t t2
dt =
(t2 +p t)
n']A%A%'X']HH/CW'/?]'H'/?D

t2
dt =
e
p2
4
t+ p2
(t+ p2 )2
p2
4
_L?] H'?D)
=
dt = e
p 2
e(t+ 2 ) dt.
DLa'?/L/DD)
p>0
d =
p2
4
p
p2
.
e 4 Erf
2
2
D /C%]'''x''_/|/WH''~'=HJ/D?D;qH~''H/Dr!JWL])L%H[H' p
*(*w[ 0 |Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:m@JIs8[KCM?KqN/Kxi)S[N'[l'OLz/dWK erf (t) ^
[*(* ''A%'''')H'?/L'L)D%' e e Erf ( ) /wW'/D]L%D]oJ
']HH''%D'X/o]''H'/C ]H]'Hj '?/L/DD)
p
2
$-
.
t2
2
erf (t) =
e d
0
p2
4
p
2
p
1 p2
.
e 4 Erf
p
2
*(*w[ 0 Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:m@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%K f (t) N/Kqi)SN/l/OLz/dWK F (p) = 1 ^

p (p 1)
[*(* ''')H /D)H'L)D' aHDH]]'jD)
]AD'''L;DAD'']H]'Hj JWL)'JoH''D//D)'/D)
,
$-
.
1
p
&%
1
1
1
F (p) =
et =
p p1
t
']A%A%'']HH%Jb'/D]'=)'/??

2 et
f (t) =
t
0
1
et
et d =
u=
t
1
p1
1
t
'?/L/DD)
$-
.
e
d = f (t).
t t
2
eu du = et erf ( t).
*(*w[ 0 |Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:m@JIs8[KCM?KqN/Kxi)S[N'[l'OLz/dWK erf (t) ^

[*(* Tq''A%'''')HR'jD) e erf (t)
''H)H=]D'=x'?/L/DD) e e erf (t) F (p + 1) =
*(*w[ 0f Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:m@JIs8[KCM?KqN/Kxi)S[N'[l'OLz/dWK Erf (t) ^
et
;Tx]H]'Hj J
C D erf (t)
1
=
(p1) p
1
p p+1
F (p)
1
p+1
[*(* jD)
,
$-
.
p+11
1
1
1
=
=
.
Erf ( t) = 1 erf ( t)
p p p+1
p p+1
p+1+ p+1
p+
f (t)
F (p) =
>0
p
*(*w[ t . Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:m@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%K N/Kqi)SN/l/OLz/dWK
^
[*(* w'A%=?DD') F (p) D,]L; F (p) = + T
]H]'Hj J''H)H=]D'=n'jD)
C ]R''L%Jx']H]'Hj J
e
']HH''%D'X/o]''H'/C,/'?/L/DD)
,
$-
.
1
p+
|W]''H'/C;o/D)'/D)
*
t
0
p+
t 1
t
1
p+

p p+
d = erf ( t).
1
f (t) = e t + erf ( t).
t
1
p
1
t
5 3 656 6 6

5 66 5 5
65 5
5
6 5
CB
gf
ih
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p Y (p) 2p 3p Y (p) + 6 + 2Y (p) =

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'JY; (p) JW%'~H'H'''/D'm/e]''H'/Cn~D')_; J
%'~H'H'''/D'm/W]]/?X'jD)
y p Y (p) y(0) = p Y (p) y p Y (p) p y(0) y (0) = p Y (p) y (0)
t y (p Y (p)) = p Y (p) Y (p) t y (p Y (p) y (0)) = p Y (p) 2p Y (p)

|W]'H/?]]''D]eL/D]'H''X'?/L/DD)
p Y (p) 2p Y (p) + p Y (p) + Y (p) Y (p) = 0

j%A''']A%H''e=]'=D)P%r%A%'D]!%''H''%'~H'H''/C%'L/D]'H''oD,']
'A
&&
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(n)
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|W'=PH''=x/D)'/D)
Y 0 (p) +
2
Y (p) = 0.
p1
C
.
(p 1)2

C
= C t et
y(t) = L1 (p1)
2
Y (p) = C e
2
p1
dp
= P=''Hx/m;C%H'D]eL/D]'H''X
*(*w[ . G :=o:=do:aSH8[K]B?N%:=N/O%:=do@ y +(t+1) y +t y = 0 \aN/KDLK_Z%N/OeS[\vZ;@CB?OLz y(0) = 1

^
y (0) = 1
[*(* |D''HD)mL/D]'H''=]'A%A%'b/C''| y + t(y + y) + y = 0 |wHL
]=D y p Y (p) 1 y p Y (p) p + 1 y + y (p + 1) Y (p) 1
y Y (p)

|L/D]'H''=]RD]/?_
t (y + y) (p + 1) Y (p) 1 = Y (p) (p + 1) Y (p)
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p2 Y (p) p + 1 Y (p) (p + 1) Y 0 (p) + p Y (p) 1 = 0
<
L%A%An''']A%H''
(p2 + p 1) Y (p) p = (p + 1) Y 0 (p)
/D]|%=]
p
p2 + p 1
Y (p)
.
Y (p) =
p+1
p+1
0
|'=PH''=/b]]n%''H''%'~H'H''/C%'L/D]'H''RD,']'A/D)'/D)
T lim p Y (p) = y(0) = 1 A%A%=]]' ] %'?/L/DD) C = 0 j%A%?
Y (p) =
?]A%' Y (p) = y(t) = e
*(*w[ hF/G :=o:=do:~SH8[K]B?N%:=N/O%:=do@ t y + (1 t) y + n y = 0 n lLz[Z;@WLO%\vZ;@WO n > 0 ^
); ']#n# CH% ^
[*(* |D''HD)L/D]'H''=]e'WA%A%'/J''| t(y y ) + y + n y = 0 'wHL
]=? y p Y (p) y(0) y p Y(p) p y(0) y (0) y y
y Y (p)
(p p) Y (p) p y(0) y (0) + y(0) t (y y ) (p p) Y (p) p y(0) y (0) +

|mL/D]'H''=xo]]/?_'?/L/DD)
y(0) = [(2p 1)Y (p) + (p p)Y (p) y(0)]
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(p + n + 1)Y (p) = p(p 1)Y 0 (p),
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p + n + 1
=
.
Y (p)
p(p 1)
|q'=PH''=/x]]e%'~H'H''/C%'!L/D]'H''oD!,']n'AP/?=%A/PHW''?
)HL%']/D)'/D)
*
k
n
n
X
C (p 1)n
C
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1
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=
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=
1
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(1)
k+1
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p
n
p k=0
k!(n
k)!
p
k p
k=0
?]e''L%Jx','??P]H]'HjoJo/?=;DAD' ] H]'Hj ''?/L/DD)

n
X
(1)k n! tk
y(t) = C
.
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k=0
= P=''H'LL]A]mJ%]?%=]]]'~A%]]'=]
H~D_/J/DW L (t) jD)
^
y(0) = n!
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H
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n
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k!
tk
.
(n k)!
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^
y (0) = 0
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y) (p2 + 1) Y (p) p)0 = (2p Y (p) + (p2 + 1) Y 0 (p) 1)

2
b*
Y 0 (p)
p
= 2
.
Y (p)
p +1
|9'=PH''=/a]]a%'~H'H''/C%'{L/D]'H''DT,']~'AWj/?=%A/PmH''])HL
%']R/D)'/D) Y (p) = |T lim p Y (p) = y(0) = 1 A%A%=]]' ] ;'C/L/DD)
j%A%]?]A%' Y (p) = T['_ p1 + p /?_]'/D)W]D_A%'D_/J'H
C =1
L%]|'Jo[]] 1 = 1 ']eDe''')H 'jD)
*
C
1+p2
p
O#
1
2
1+p
y(t) = J0 (t) =
X
(1)n t2n
n=0
22n (n!)2
G !#'[D*#*(( (**'[D*#*" y&( [*[ *(*'#*(h*'$%*[*(

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L/D]'H'|
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HT/D)'/m'__/Dm/X']HH/C; a?WHqL;DT']HH/C%'L/D]'H'_~%''HL
y(t)
']X']HH/C%'L/D]'H'De]L;

(
b
]A?]
a y(t) = f (t) + b
K(t, ) = K(t )
/']HH/C/;
K(t, ) y( ) d.
0
~[]']?%T'/oL''''
K(t ) y( ) d = K(t) y(t)

K(t)
y(t)
Z
a y(t) = f (t) + b
/wHW;C%H'oL/D]'H''=]
D
|%=] a, b _ y(t) 'H_]H=/?DwL'''| f (t) K(t) _b;C%H'wL'L
'']''H'/C%|jwHL f (t) F (p) K(t) K(p) 'H y(t) q'=PH''/ D
L]A]=hP]''='/C, y(t) Y (p) ?]''L%Jx',%]=]=]/D'/ D
''H]]/?_]D''=]W/mmDL;DTqD_H)H''A%]L]H]'= / ]'A!JXL)'JWH''=]
'?/L/DD)~A%A%'D]x]'H/?]]''eL/D]'=''
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K(t ) y( ) d.
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a Y (p) = F (p) + b K(p) Y (p),
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''H'/C/; /W'?/L'H/??owL'''
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D
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F (p)
.
a b K(p)
Y (p)
/D[W=hPH=]D/w'=PH''X/X;C%A
y(t) = e
y( ) sin(t ) d.
[*(* wHL y(t)

Y (p) ]AD R y( ) sin(t ) d = y(t) sin t
? ]
''H)''H,_]]/?oH'!WL/D]'H''='%'?/L/DD)
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+
=
=
+
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2
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1
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y(t) = 12 (sin t + sh t)
Y (p) =
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D ]|%=] Y (p) =
=
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p3
(p2 1)(p2 +1)
(

1
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y (t) +
sin(t ) (y 00 + y) d = 2 cos t
X\ N/KDLK_Z%N/OnS[\vZ;@CB?OLz y(0) = y (0) = 0 ^

[*(* wH y(t) Y (p) ]ADHD_HjD''~''A%]LP/J/C%'])A%]]| y (t)
jD)xDP cos t sin t =,E;DH'R]H]'Hj / ]'AJ
p Y (p)
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+1
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A%A%'D]x]'H/?]]''eL/D]'H''
p2 Y (p) + Y (p) =
2p
,
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D ]|%=] Y (p) = ]''H'/C/; y(t) = t sin t a'=PH''9/ ;C%H'D]L/D]'=''D

J%]?%=]]]'?Pe/C/C%']~]A%]]|
'H/?'']''e)=]_)Jo ;PH''L%Jx,'[]H'=]H)']HH/C%'L%
']HH/C%'?p%'~H'_''/C%'L/D]'H'|
*(*w[ %|G :=o:=do:m\kZ;:=<CN/KDdWK\=O%\=do:vuwKxO/N/do:H>p8[K_Z%N/ORSH8[K]B?N%:=N/OLz
p2
2p
(p2 +1)2

x(t) = et + R t x( ) d R t e(t ) y( ) d

0
0

R
Rt

y(t) = t 0 (t ) x( )d + 0t y( ) d
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mDL;DW,;C%H/??!H'=]Hj!bD_H)H ''A%]L]=]'Hj JqL)'JWH''Dh'?/L/C
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X(p) = 1 + X(p) Y (p)

p1
p
p1

Y (p) = p12 X(p)
+ Y p(p) ,
p2
D]|%=]q/D)'/D) X(p) = Y (p) = ''H'/C%] x(t) = e y(t) =

;D?e'=PH''=x/P;C%H/??oH'=]Hj
e
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1
p2
1
2
1
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2t
1
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2x0 (t) + x(t) 2y(t) + R t (1 + t ) y( ) d = 0

0

R t t
0
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x (t) y (t) + x(t) + 0 e x( ) d = 0
X\ N/KDLK_Z%N/OnS[\vZ;@CB?OLz x(0) = 0 y(0) = 1 ^

[*(* wHL x(t) X(p) y(t) Y (p) ]w'P;C%H'] /C/J%'WA%]]
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et x( ) d = et x(t)
1
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X(p).
1
p
1
p2
x0 (t)
Y (p),
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A%A%/??x]'H/C]]'/eH'H=]Hj

2p X(p) + X(p) 2Y (p) + 1 + 1 Y (p) = 0

p
p2

p X(p) p Y (p) + 1 + 1 X(p) = 0,
p1
D ]|%=] X(p) =
/P;C%H/??oH'=]Hj
1
p2
1
p1
Y (p) =
''H'/C%]
x(t) = t y(t) = et
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'H/?'']''o)=]J''L%Jx'qJm'[]/D=]'x%'~H'H''/C%'!L/D]'H'|
=,JD''H'H'
~DLk/D''A/?_E%=o;D)JC;J/??PJP]'H]H/=e/P=]L/
'/DWL?]PHT''A%'?;DA'T/J/C%']wH[]']=]/X]]''0]</xm<=]lL/?DPq/J/C'
'D]RD]L%]'H''x__C;C%H'| |C;J/??He']=DDD'?kA%A%'/J''|h;!Hx/D)H'
'=PH'' u(x, t) /PL/D]'H''=
u
u
=a
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| = u (x)
|wL'''']
H ''A%'?;DA' _T%]=??D''XE;C%'eWJ%]?%=]]?
['?m'L]o%]|%u'(x)]A%'u](x)
A%]]qm'/DW??P/XD]HH'?? [0, l]LL]]P]H'=L'D
=hPH=]DLD'H]q/m%]=??D''xE;C%Lo'=PH''m/o=]'/?DWJC;J/
wHL u(x, t) e'=PH''q/ ? |J%]?%=]]]'?P;C%H']qH/D''''/J/C%'
A%D]'H U (x, p) w]]/?H;o/mmDL;Dw/ u(x, t) U (x, p) = R u(x, t) e dt
]AD'H'?D'' p Jo/D/D)=D,|/'?/L/DD)wJo]]/?_o/
Z
dU
u
u

e dt =
.
To]H]'Hj Jm%'~H'H'''/xD'm/W]''H'x/C,/D_HjD'dx'''A%]LR/J/C%']~]A%]]|
/D)'/D)
u
u
p U (x, p) p u|
= p U (x, p) p u (x) u (x) .
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/L/DD)wL/D]'H''=]
dU
a
p U (x, p) + p u (x) + u (x) = 0 .
TeH/D'''']X]A%]]!Jdx u(x, t) 'jD)
U|
= U| = 0 .

TL U (x, p) e'=PH''/!JC;J/?D h]R]''H'/C/; u(x, t) ,=D]]=]=?
/ U (x, p) /~'=PH''m/m;C%H/??oJC;J/
*(*w[ %|G :=o:=do:XSH8[K]B?N%:=N/O%:=do@
x=0
u
t t=0
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x=l
t=0
2u
p t
x2
p t
t=0
t=0
x=0
<
!
x=l
l!
!
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| =0^
sin x
2u
2u
=
, 0 < x < 1, t > 0
t2
x2
u|x=0 = u|x=1 = 0
u
t t=0
O\vZ;:=<CN/O/do:eN'KDLK_Z%N/OS[\vZ;@CB?OLz
u|t=0 =
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%~ E%A;D)~?]o/D/D)=D,| o)JW
;oH~/D)H'L%'eL;DH''H='R/J''l |=/L1%~]p'H/D'']'')=]J,
wHL F (q) m]]/?H;q/emDL;Dm/ U (x, p) (F (q) = R U (x, p) e dx) |Tx]H?
'Hj Je%'~H'H'''/D'o/q]''H'/C'jD) q F (q) q U (0, p) (0, p) =
jT_/J/DD) c(p) = (0, p) ?]b''H)''HnL/D]'H''=]
q F (q) (0, p)
,D]/?_|/'?/L/DD)
d2 U
p2 U = p sin x .
dx2
!
d2 U
D]|%=]
q 2 F (q) c(p) p2 F (q) =
F (q) =
'jD)~A%A%'D]x/?=;DAD'
F (q)
F (q) =
(q 2
2 )(q 2
dU
dx
dx2
dU
dx
dU
dx
q x
p2 )
q2
p
,
+ 2
c(p)
p2
q2
c(p)
+
,
p2 + 2 q 2 + 2 p2 + 2 q 2 p 2 q 2 p 2
D]|%=]eJo]''H'/C;o/D)'/D)
c(p)
p

U (x, p) = 2
sin x +
2
sh p x .
p + 2
p
p + 2
ToA%]]'=] ''
!
l=1
'jD)
U |x=1 =
c(p)
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c(p)
p
p2 + 2
p2 + 2

sh p = 0 ,
p2 + 2
sin x
]''H'/C/;
u(x, t) = sin x cos t
2u
2u
=
, 0 < x < 1, t > 0
t2
x2
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N/KDLK_Z%N/OnS[\vZ;@CB?OLz u| = | = 0 ^
[*(* wHL u(x, t) U (x, p) ]AD p U (x, p) p u| | =
jD)jDP
? ]T''H)''Hn,]]/?_m9;C%H'D]
p U (x, p)
L/D]'H''XoH/D'''']X]A%]]|/'?/L/DD)
x=0
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t t=0
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2
u
x x=1
.
u
x
dU
dx
d2 U
= p2 U,
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x2
U |x=0 = 0,
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t2
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= 2
.

dx x=1 p + 2
t=0
u
t t=0
DPD]R'=PH''q/'?/L'H'D]%''H''%'~H'H''/C%'RL/D]'H''qDD]]''A
*T U | = C + C = 0 A%r% C = C U (x, p) =
U (x, p) = C e + C e
/
'jD) C =
DLm'?/L/C
2C sh p x
|
= 2C p ch p x|
=
D)
1
px
p x
dU
dx x=1
p2 + 2
x=0
x=1
U (x, p) =
2p(p2 + 2 )ch p
sh p x
.
p(p2 + 2 )ch p
|T/D)'/D'9/]''H'/C;/
P9_'?/HLD)9~]'_;?D ?J[J]w)CW
;WHw']?WD'~wC%L%/WJUW(x,)Hp)'])]'~'!wL'''' F (p) /D/C% ]'''o'?/L/D?
''/?D
]H]'Hj ;/?=%A wHL
'jx'?%T=n
]]''] Re pi> i '|%=] = (k ) k =G(p)1, 2,=. .U. (x,_Wp)Je%]X/ ch p H'''
'?%TH_W'']=]|T 'jD)
*
;
&
pt
b
1
2
;
u(x, t) = Res (G(p); i) + Res (G(p); i) +
|W'=_L/[L)']m/D)'/D)D
*
ep t sh p x
p ch p
Res (G(p); i) =

2p

X
k=1
i ei t sin x
=
2 cos
p=i

ep t sh p x
p ch p
Res (G(p); i) =

2p

Res (G(p); ik ) + Res (G(p); ik ) .
i ei t sin x
2 cos

p=i

ep t sh p x

p (p2 + 2 )
Res (G(p); ik ) =

sh p

= (1)k
|P'=PH''H]
= (1)k+1
'?/L/DD)
u(x, t)
u(x, t) =
p=ik

ep t sh p x

p (p2 + 2 )
Res (G(p); ik ) =

sh p

*
i eik t sin k x
k (k2 2 )
i eik t sin k x
k (k2 2 )

p=ik
X
sin x sin t
(1)k+1 sin k x sin k t
+ 2
.
2
2
cos
k (k )
k=1
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JC;C%H]H)'H/?D'H'=x'9 |C;J/??bH!']=?DD?DL#;bH!/D)H']H/D'''H'
'' x 0 '=PH'' u(x, t) /PL/D]'H''=]
u
u
, x > 0, t > 0
=a
t
x
*

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C
u| = 0, u|
= f (t) .
wHL f (t) P]''H'/C f (t) F (p) u(x, t) U (x, p) ]AD;D_HjD''b''A%]L
,']D]x]A%]]'PD C %'jD) p U |H]H]] , ?]q''H)''H
C ,]]/?_|/'?/L/DD)~A%A%/??oJC;J/
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p
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a
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|Tq]A%]]'=]
A%A% C = 0 eDq]A%]]'=] U | = F (p)
C e
A%A% C = F (p) DLP'|U?/(x,L/Dp)|D)<D%'
t=0

2u
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u
t

x=0
d2 U
dx2

x=0
p
a
p
a
x=0
U (x, p) = F (p) e
p
a
w'=PH''X/PJJ;C/ ] |X;P/D)H'']''H'/C; u(x, t) ''A%=?DD')

]L; U (x, p) = p F (p) e /?=%A P~']L?oH ''')H ''
*

1
p
D]|%=]x'?/L/DD)
p
a
x b
&%
!
Z
a
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p
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Te~]'J;?? p /PmD)AR'jD)
e d = G(x, t) .
x
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!
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,!L?]
TLo'?%Jx'
f ( )
0
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f ( )
3
x2
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d .
(t ) 2
u(x, t)
x
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x2
2
f (t 2 2 ) e d .
4a
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0
G(x, t ) d = u(x, t) .
t
x2
3
G(x, t ) = (t ) 2 e 4a2 (t ) ,
t
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]
#
U (x, t)
D,
L& *- t|G y + y 2y = 0 y(0) = 1 y (0) = 4 ^

' G y(t) = 2 e e Y (p) =
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' G y(t) = sin t t cos t t sin t Y (p) =
L& *- G y y = 0 y(0) = 1 y = 0 k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ^
' G y(t) = 1 + + . . . + + . . . (Y (p) = = = + + . . . + + . . .
L& *- |G y + y = t y(0) = y (0) = 1 ^
' G y(t) = t + cos t (Y (p) =

= +
)
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' G y(t) = 1 + t Y (p) =
+
+
+
L& *U/. G y + 4y = 8 sin 2t y(0) = C y (0) = C ^
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+
)
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sin 2 d = sin 2t 2t cos 2t .
L& *U F/G y + 2y + y = 2 e 1(t 1) y(0) = y (0) = 0 ^

' G y(t) = (t 1) e 1(t 1) Y (p) =
L& *U%- G
a[C<?:=do@x>p8[K]i)O/KDdWKqN/K f (t) :m<CKD<?:=N/KN/K

i)O%>=^ ^ y y = f (t) y(0) = y (0) = 0
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' G y(t) = 1 e t e + 2 1 e
L& *U'0 G t y t y y = 0 y(0) = 0 ^
' G y(t) = C t e
L& *U t|G t y + t y y = 0 y(0) = 0 ^
$3
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00
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00
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3
8
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<
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' G y(t) = C t
L& *U |G t y (t 1) y + y = 0 y(0) = 1 ^
' G y(t) = 1 t
L& *U G t y (t + 1) y + 2(1 t) y = 0 ^
' G y(t) = (C + y(0)) e C(3t + 1) e
L& *U |G t y + (t + 1) y = e ^
' G y(t) = C + 1 e
L& *U%f G :=o:=do:m\XY%@su~@JWdWKqN/Kxij@E8[uwSCZ%KDdWK
y(0) = 1 y (0) = 2 ^
y + 4y + 3y = 2t e
' G y(t) = e t e + t e e
=P=]mA%A%']m']HH/C%'XL/D]'H'|
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Z
=
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1
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(70)
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2
7
4
3 t
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L& *0 F/G
et y( ) d = t .
p1
p2
$3
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' G y(t) = e Y (p) =

L& *0- G
=
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0
1
p2
2t
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6 y(t) = 2t +
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0
2
5
1
3
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(t )3 y( ) d .
4
15
3(t )
p(p+3)
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4t
t
0
1
3
' G y(t) = sin t + sh t Y (p) =

L& *0U G y(t) = ch t R e y( ) d ^

' G y(t) = e + e + e Y (p) =
L& *0%0 G y(t) = t + 2 R (t sin(t )) y( ) d ^

' G y(t) = e e + sin 2 t Y (p) =
=P=]mA%A%']m']HH/C%'?p%'~H'_''/C%'L/D]'H'|
L& *0 t|G y (t) = 3 cos t + R cos(t ) y( ) d y(0) = 5 ^
' G y(t) = t + 3t + 5
2
p4 1
1
3
p2 +1
(p2 +2)(p2 1)
3 2
t
0
5 2
2

L& *0 |G y (t) y(t) + R sin(t ) y( ) d = 1 sin t y(0) = 0 ^

' G y(t) = t
L& *0 G y (t) 2 R e y( ) d = 0 y(0) = 1, y (0) = 0 ^

' G y(t) = e + e sin t + e cos t) Y (p) =
=P=]mA%A%']mH'=]H)|
L& *0 |G x = 5y 3x
y = y x,
x(0) = 1, y(0) = 1.
' G x(t) = e (2 cos t + sin t) y(t) = e cos t

Y (p) =
X(p) =
L& *0f G x + 3x + y = 0
y x + y = 0, x(0) = 1, y(0) = 1.
' G x(t) = e (1 2t) y(t)= e (1 + 2t)

Y (p) =
X(p) =
L& * t . G x 2x 4y = cos t
y + x + 2y = sin t, x(0) = y(0) = 0.
' G x(t) = 4t + 2 2 cos t 3 sin t y(t) = 2t + 2 sin t X(p) =

L& * thF/G yx == zy ++ xz
z = x + y, x(0) = 1, y(0) = z(0) = 0.
' G x(t) = e + e y(t) = z(t) = e e X(p) =

Z(p) =

x(t) = e + R x( ) d R e y( ) d
L& * t - G
R
R
y(t) = t (t ) x( ) d +
y( ) d .
' G x(t) = e y(t) = e

L& * t U G x(t) = 2 RR (t ) x(R) d 4 R y( ) d
y(t) = 1
x( ) d (t ) y( ) d .
' G x(t) = 2 e (1 t) y(t) = (1 t) e

L& * t 0 G 2x (t) + x(t) 2y(t) +R R (1 + t ) y( ) d = 0
x (t) y (t) + x(t) +
e x( ) d = 0, x(0) = 0, y(0) = 1 .
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2
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0
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0
00
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Y (p) =
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2
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ih
P_''oW'WH'H'W']'L]AT/?_s%=o;?wHL%|][]]T%H'=]DL?~JTj'DHwjC/,
' ]H'CnDe]'H)D/'e'']_]=o;?eH?/'H~HC DLDPD//D''')H|%HL;??%[J]
%H'=]DL']'H)b/_H)=]'H_H''] ]]J% %L%=DJA%''''/')_%H/
wL''' (t)
wHL h ~'?%Jx]A%/oL]'=?D?xq;o/?_E%A;D)XwL'''?
t > h.
0, t < 0
jD) R (t, h) dt = R dt = 1 jw]/C%]]b''jC%L h wL'''? (t, h)
)CW{~_''HH'q;mHT/?_s%=o;mL?]WHL;mTH?%H)'/ %H'=]DL?oPP''_/|/WA
''P/qjC/,R']H'CD]'H) h P')J% Jx]'H)=]!/e%H'=]]' |/D]Hn/ 1
''L;Dx/x??_n]]'L
?_RHL;''L%CWH/q, j?]H'/C%/x]]'qPjD_
Jo]'H)=]x/P%H'=]]'=qHHL]']A v = 1 !JW]]o]m'H=)~1]]'L??eHX''H)H=]x/
/?_=]J''' s = RA%An]]e''_/|/eDP;eH~%]xm']=]J''/xH[]']= v = 1
|W''L%JoH'?oH~]?_W'?%=_'W;oH~/?_E%=o;owL'''?
D
(t) = lim (t, h) .
?_wL'''nHm/D''/ ]&(**( **(*w,]* h* *( Dq_%H'_bL%n h*
*( * b(**' jD)

(t, h) =
1
,
h
0<t<h
h 1
0 h

1
h
h
2

h0
O(
, t = 0
0, t =
6 0
(t) =
R (t) = 1 ]P'~~wL'''o]]'/D''H)'=|,/'o''~!/?_E%=o;D)~?]
DDLD!bPeHeH''H/!'L]'H''H]]'=] ?_wL''')Jom;!HoD|%L
?]n)'H'D]H''R%H'=]DL?Wn]=_'/D''nH?/'jRHL;Rq')_%D/D]H/RA%'''/
''L;D/j?]H'/C%/]]'LnA%''''/jD_A%''''/)'H']]H'/H[]']=C
,]=o;D'=]/??_ wL'''_/C']A%']'']=C'_''A%H'D'' /?=%'''
''L%Ce'wJC;C'|_9L]] H)/?_s%=o;? ]A%''''X#LD/D]HX/9)'H']]H''X')_%H
J;D/WCL%xL%]L%T'D'X,A%H]''/HHx]H''Ae/eH?/'joA%H]'J%]W=W
HL;WJo)']Ho'/?D,'H''_RDe]'H)D
)'JWH''=]W/mA%''''/??W')_%H/PwL''' (t) TL]'=?D? C ;DX')J'
H/owL''' C (t) ~H?%H)'/ C
'])DmDo/oA%''''/CDewL'''''A%=DDD') (t, h) 'eA%A%'/C''|
1(t) 1(t h)
(t, h) =
,
h
]

D]|%=]
mH~'''/D)
1 1 eh p 1 eh p
=
L((t, h)) =
.
h p
p
hp

DDL'%H~'''' L((t)) = 1 ?_%H~''''Hb]'/D?;D DA%A%']
=|D]/?oH'|#T (t) = lim (t, h) )JWH~]'jC%';'''H)H9#' (t) =
|Tx]H]'Hj??qJo%'wH'H'''/D'W/x]''H'/C 1(t) ;'''HjD'' 1(t) = 0
1 (t)
J t = 0 /'jD) (t) = 1 (t) p. = 1 /w?/L/DD)~=hP'=H_/D??
XH='H!'']]H[')'J _bbHL;]H']]']!]H]'H)/n]'H/D'']''D]
HDD'D |TJD,H'?W??w')(t)
_%H/~wL''' (tc) Dw]H]'Hj??wJTJD,H'H''=
'jD) L((t c)) = e
?_E%=o;?TH=hPTA%'''''m')J%H'PwL''''mD{,']|JD]]'m~CC|C'A, D
/D''')H|%A%''''/x')_%H/xwL'''De,']'A (t) HXD,]=o;P'xD/C%]H
D 'oA%A%'/J''|
1 eh p
= 1.
h0
hp
L((t)) = lim L((t, h)) = lim

h0

h0
1
p
;
1
p
$*
c p

(t, h) (t h, h)
.
h0
h
1 (t) = lim
PWD_/C''
1 (t, h) =
jD)
(t, h) (t h, h)
.
h
1(t) 2 1(t h) + 1(t 2h)

1 (t, h) =
=
h2
1
,
h2
h12 ,
0<t<h
t > 2h
R (t, h) dt = 0 ?_wL''')Jox~_''HH';RH/?_E%=o;R?]nHL;n
']=]J''/H?%H)'/ 1 %H'=]DL?WJ]'H) h A%/']H]L9Jr%A%?P
'H''_ D]'H) h h''D]']]'?%Jx/??']H]Lj|%'')_%/n??_HL;bJ
]'H)=]W/~%H'=]]'~T/D]Hq/mJ; ?_qHL;''L%JWH/m,j?]H'/C%/m]]'m
jD_ m = 1 %''A%_]''x''H)H=]D'P/o]]'??x/e/?_=]J''' s = 1 x)])HD
]]'??eH''/P;WHw%Dx|
t = 2h
%''''/??e')J%H/ewL'''De,']'A (t) = lim (t, h) )CWT;oHwD|'
Lo~_''HH'?]W%]wj'=']]H''x']A%A%]?]A%'o%H'=]DL?PR''D]']]'?%Jx'
/DH]'H']=H'/D''H?%H) HL%|L]]''A%_]''?)'H']]H''''H)H=]D'b/
j?]H'/C%/P]]'PwA%''''/WjD_P/P/?_=]J'''~A%'''/W!'''L;D?o/m]]'L?D
']xH[]']=C%']o]HL]'H''D
jD)
0,
h < t < 2h
t<0
L(1 (t, h)) =
h0
1 h 1 2 eh p e2h p i
.
+
h2 p
p
p
ToDL
2
(1 eh p )
= p.
L(1 (t)) = lim L(1 (t, h)) = lim
h0
h0
p h2
T/C%DH'''Ho?,]=o;?!')J%H'wL'''' (t) D n ]'A n 2 |qJL

H~'?/L/D?x~]'_%] (t) p (t c) p e
)_%H']xwL'''''?/L/D?=]']H]]]H']?D'W!]H]'?/]]]DPH']
wL''''|
*(*w[ . G :=o:=do:XSH8[K]B?N%:=N/O%:=do@ y + 4y + 13y = 3(t) \XN/KDLK_Z%N/ORS[\vZ;@CB?OLz y(0) =
^
y (0) = 0
[*(* wHL y(t) Y (p) w';C%H']/J/C%']A%]] y (t) p Y (p)
|b]'H/?]]''D]L/D]'H''R'?/L/DD) (p + 4p + 13) Y (p) = 3
y (t) p Y (p)
D]|%=]
#
n c p
00
$-
.
00
z*
Y (p) =
p2
3
3
=
.
+ 4p + 13
(p + 2)2 + 32
''H'/C/; y(t) = e sin 3t ~'=PH''X/P;C%H'D]oL/D]'H''D

*(*w[ F/G :=o:=do:XSH8[K]B?N%:=N/OLz/dWK
1. y = (t c)
\XN/SCZ;:HB?OnN/KDLK_Z%N/On2.S[\kyZ;@C=B?OLz; ^ (t c)
[*(* wHL y(t) Y (p) ]ADmJWL/D]'H'?eeD]/?_'?/L/DD)D
1. p Y (p) = e
2. p Y (p) = p e
D]|%=]
1. Y (p) = e
2. Y (p) = e
|W'=PH'De/D)'/D)
1. y(t) = 1(t c) (t c) 2. y(t) = 1(t c)

w?/L'=']R'=H_/D?]'D]D,[W;D?/D'/D]H']~_'''D|%LD'/b'#
J%H']mwL''''| |D,H'?W??o')_%H/eHL;eDe_%Hx'A (t c) ''L;DW/
j?]H'/C%/??e]]'oXA%''''/ejD_//D)'/?WoHX,']]/J/C%'ee'][]|/e)])HL
D t = c ']=]J''/RH[]']= v = 1 JD,H'?W??R')J%H/nHL;Dn,']'A
''L;?!/!j?]H'/C%/??!]]'!''D/C%]H'''bA%]])'H']]H''''A
(t c)
)H=]D'T/~/?_=]J'''T9/|/x'/wA%'''/[]= ;~''L;D~/w]]'L?DX']mH[]']=C
']e]H[]'H''D
?]mr%A%? ''')Hq/?_E%=o;D)9%'~H'H''/C%'DmL/D]'H''/w[D')]''''
]H'L;?]]m''~'']_]?%'X/C/C%'wA%]]~=,)JD,H'?PX')_%H'mHL%XD{J%H
,']!'A,
*(*w[ - G :=o:=do:XSH8[K]B?N%:=N/OLz/dWK
1. y + y = v (t c)
\XN/KDLK_Z%N/OnS[\vZ;@CB?OLz y(0) = y2. y y+(0) =y y= h^ (t c)
2t
;4
00
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00
.
c p
c p
1 c p
p2
1
p
c p
v*
;4
00
00
[*(* JwHL y(t) Y (p) |L/D]'H''={ ]]/C_~'?/L/DD)

/D]|%=] Y (p) = y p + y + v e
y p+y +v e
,
$-
&*
.
c p
y(t) = y0 cos t +
,wH
0
2
*
y(t) = y0 cos t +
(p2 + 2 ) Y (p) =
v0
y0
sin t + 1(t c) sin (t c).
|L/D]'H''=]R]]/?_'?/L/DD)
'D]|%=] Y (p) = y p + y + h p e
y(t) Y (p)
y1 + h p ec p
p2
c p
1
2
p +
c p
(p2 + 2 ) Y (p) = y0 p +
y0
sin t + h 1(t c) cos (t c).
%]=]![D')]''''
D]H]o;bD'?/L'H']R'=PH'|j%)])HD
L?%=D'_RDho%H=]]H' LD]b]']?Px;nH]/D't =Rc n)])H? t = c
,']!A/L/D%]W=W?DWHw]]'Lo'?/L/DW)'H']]H'/P%]|%']A%/eH[]']= v
WD,WD]]'!A/L/Dj)'H']]H''W%]|%']A%'e''H)H=]D' h D]|%=]x!m%??
A/L/?=X''])H[D/D]H/e/m%]oH''=]e'?k/???D,|
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N/KDLK_Z%N/OLzbu~@ru~:=N/d
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.
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<
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*

v0
y1
sin t + 1(t c) h cos (t c) + sin (t c) .
y(t) = y0 cos t +
?]P''H]]/?HLD)_/?JXJ
''
[C D'?;DAD)
L'?/L/DD)

m]WH''=]PH''DD[[]H~'''H]R''A cos t cos t _/D]'/J;
w?/L/DD)~H'=]Hj?D
y(t)
t>c
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y1
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v0
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y0 + h cos c

y
1 + h sin c +

v0
sin c = 0
v0
cos c = 0 .
?]e'=P'H'=]Hj?DeD]']H' h v '/D)'/D)
0

y1
h = y0 cos c + sin c = lim y(t) = y(c 0);
tc0
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d x x=0
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a
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0
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A%D]D/b]HD'Hj )Joq;H''A%=DD]~]'J;?? p /mL''D ?]
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1
f (t) =
2
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(b+i) t
Z
f () e
(b+i)
F (b + i) =
eb f () ei (t) d ,
1
d d =
2

F (b + i) e(b+i) t d ,
f () e(b+i) d .
P/D'/D]' H'/?? b + i = p d = dp ]A?] ]''H'_C%/??'/D

L])L%H[H/??n''])HL%' p ]''H'/D?? iRe p = b ,]H']'A%/n/'?H''H'/?D
]D DLW'?/L/DD)
1
f (t) =
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Z
bi
b+i
pt
F (p) e dt = lim
b+iR
F (p) ep t dt .
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,H/?]]=x/ f (t)f (t)=hPH=]DL f (t) D[
Z

F (p) =
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R
bi
biR
]
p t

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Hx/D''/?R "%*#( [" % '** **[" %* ["%$%'*(*['"* ',#/ L%
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:
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Re p b > ,
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1

f (t) = lim
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D]HH'L?D [biR,
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b+iR]
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H~'/DDe'_'[log
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Im z 0
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max
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Im z 0,
]
Z
1
f (t) =
2 i
k
<
S,
b+i
<
F (p) ep t dt,
bi

ZH
O(
<
!
]

;4
05
p R
'
<
b+iR
pt
biR
pt
pt
m#
$#
z lR
F (z) eitz dz = 0 ( t > 0 ).
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O(
A/L/?o9'? _%]]'T;H9_'?/HLwA%A%/?Dw~]'J%'']]Lw/{%Hj??]LJ]wH9'?
/L/DPDP;C%H/??W']H'A%=]]]H'/?? iz = p T[owL'''? F (p) wD/C%]''/
R
lR
P]?;D=D? |p| R ,
Re p 0
~'?/D'hx']=DD
L
R0 > 0
M (R) = maxp LR |F (p)| 0
''
L|%=]
|p| = R, R > R0
Re p 0,
Z
lim
F (p) ep t dp = 0 ( t > 0 ).
*(*w[ t|G g Kq\H:XN/KJu~:k8%Ob@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%KxN/Kqi)SN/l/OLz/dWK F (p) =

^
[*(* ''H'/C/;)CWw;xHP/D)H'nm_'?/HLD']m%]HH=q)=]_%| P'?
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WD/C%]''/q'?/L/D]''/?? Re p > 1 %HH'HP'']]H'' F (p) 0 []A?]
/D]'])H''qD]']H' p n' F (p) PD]H?%{]'']HH]_jD,]L]r'L
|p|
'/D Re p = b > 1 j%A%]?]Aarg
%'=,E;DH'x]H]'Hj Je]]hWD'm]''H'/C/;q/
$-
LR
1
p2 (p2 1)
.
1
p2 (p2 1)
mJ
F (p)
1
f (t) = lim
R 2 i
b+iR
F (p) ep t dt .
? Hs%=o;D)XwL'''?
%''=]H'P]=]]H']]''R/WD?_wL'''R_
%DL'/?]''?%T p = 0Fb(p)''e]=]]e'?%TH p = 1 p = 1 ]HH''/D)oD?H
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F (p) e
D)
Z
Z
X
F (p) e dp +
F (p) e dp = 2 i
Res (F (p) e ; p ) .

=?DD') R ,WD]]'!']HH/Cn'/D]'H'/?? p = q + b 'w']]
/o'?/]]'hx']=D? L D]H]D'?/]]'hx']=D? L : |q| = R
^
pt
biR
pt
b+iR
pt
pt
biR
pt
LR
k=1

0
R
|%=]
pt
F (p) e dp =
LR
F (q + b) e
|q| = R
/D]'])H''oD]']H'
lim
j%ARH/D''''''A_n'?/L/DD)
R
2 i f (t) = lim
(q+b) t
dq = e
bt
L0R
F1 (q) = F (q + b) =
''
Re q 0,
F1 (q) eq t dq ,
L0R
1
0
(q + b) ((q + b)2 1)
%Te]H]'=CDe/ ];D!A%A%/'
2
arg q
F1 (q) eq t dq = 0.
L0R
b+iR
pt
F (p) e dt = 2 i
biR
3
X
k=1
<
Res (F (p) ep t ; pk ) .
w'HHD?j~'=_L/[)D jD)
i0
ep t
Res (F (p) e ; 0) = lim p 2 2
= t ,
p0
p (p 1) p
h
pt
ep t

e t
p2
=
.
Res (F (p) ep t ; 1) =

2p p=1
2
et et
= t + sh t
f (t) = t +
2
2
DLW/D)'/D)
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p
Y?8%O p > 0 ^
:Xdo@HM?On:=<CN%@HM?N/KD:=NnCZ;@JN)M?Kx[@Jc/do@
p
p>0
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R]'hx']=DD |p| = < b ]HH''/D)bwL'''? F (p) e '[]DL/
l
a=,A]C HnD]];?D AB /]'hx']=D? L a|%=] A = b i R b
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B = b+i R b
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]]''D;]'~' !=L,s;:DH|p|'o=]H]R'HjRe??ep /< b DPIm < 0 L
Z
]
F (p) e dp = 0 .
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wHL
%?%'p =]'r e = p = r p = r e == i pr %=Tr ] p'j=D) r e = i r
a
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pt
1
R
2
R
pt
i 2
i 2
1
2 i
b+i R2 +b2
Z R iar
Z
e
1
1
+ eia r rt
F (p) ep t dp
e dr +
F (p) e dp
2
2 i L1R
r
Z
Z
1
1
&%<%
pt
+
F (p) ep t dp = 0 ,
F (p) e dp
2 i L2R
2 i l
pt
bi R2 b2

?]w']HH''%D'=X' L L l =?Dw'w']H]L]]]/?]///DH]]''L]??=]'A'
]=?DD') R 0 ,]L L '?j p = R e 0 < < <
|%=] cos =
1
R
2
R
&%<%
1
R
b
R
eap eaR cos 2

1

|F (p)| = =
0
p
R
R
'' R ?=%A/')P/,A?? L /e%]P/D=]

TW%Hj?Do/ ];D!A%A%/'
^
1
R
lim
{L1R , Im p < 0}
F (p) ep t dp = 0,
{L1R ,
Re p<0}
!
t > 0.
{L1R , Im p > 0}
HA;/?_E%A;D)q']HH/C;D_=nD,]L]/?_/D=nD/,=?? L *[J]%=x
/'H/?D'?/L/D]''/ D'jD) p = R e 0 < < < |e | = e
]AD
e
=e
J
tR cos
bt
''
1
R
pt

ebt

F (p) ep t dp l 0, t > 0
R
{L1R ,Re p>0}
J?PD]/|/x'/?? /??_/,=R]H/D'''H/ l = R(
T/C%DH'''xH%]L?_/'
R
l
R sin( 2 ) sin(2 ) = b sin(2 ) b

#
''
tR cos
) =
R
']L?WH9L'
]AD
< <

2
R
F (p) ep t dp 0, t > 0
''
F (p) ep t dp 0
,L l 'jD)

p = ei
L|%=]
eap
a cos 2
et
pt

t cos e
|F (p) e | = e

=e
pt
''

Z
et

F (p) ep t dp 2 = 2 et 0

To]H]'Hj??oJo]]hWD'w'?j
0
1
lim
R 2 i
b+i R2 +b2
j%ARH/D''''''A_n'?/L/DD)
F (p) ep t dp = f (t) .
1
f (t) =
2
_]H=]'xD/'
eia
bi R2 b2
+ eia
rt
1
dr =
cos(a r) rt
e dr .
r
C
&%
]HH/Cn/ewD=] .
D_']HH/C)JW;Hb''HH)=]'n'])DmD/]H]'Hj?DJ'=_L/[L)']]
']HH/C;D C '/D]'H'/?? r t = u L?]_'?/HLD)!H]'''=HJ/???
'?/L/DD)
Z
ex cos 2ax dx = ea
&%
2
f (t) =
t
DLW/D)'/D)
0
u2
au
1
cos du =
t
t
u2
a2
au
1 a2
e 4t
cos 2 du = e 4t = .
2 t
t
t
a2
e 4t
f (t) = .
t
*(*w[ % Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:m@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%K f (t) N/Kqi)SN/l/OLz/dWK F (p) = e a > 0 ^

[*(* wH e f (t) Tx'/D]L%D]xJW%'~H'H'''/D'P/eD]/? ]H]'Hj
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t f (t)
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TT]H]'Hj JA%''=]]_']= A%A%{' e = t f (t),
e

t
t
D]|%=] f (t) = ae
*(*w[ |Gm KJu~:k8;:=tdo:m@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%K f (t) N/Kqi)SN/l/OLz/dWK F (p) = e a > 0 ^
a p
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a p
a p
2 p
p
ea
2
a
ea
a4t
a4t
2
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a4t
1
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1 ap
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p
L%
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t
0
a p
t
0
a2
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2 t
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OnN%:=KeS<?@CBHZ;:=doBD@E8z%B?KS[\kZ;@CB?OLz/dWK
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[@ f (t) :XN%:=YD8;:AL?\=N'KDdoKxBedo@JLKDdWK t do@

mL'''D () HW/D''/ " %* *2 Rh*(* / f (t) L% ]*[*'*#* h* *(

%]?%=]]]/]?eA%]]?o/W]H]'Hj 'HL () = F(f (t)) ]=D]

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?]9JD)H=]' /D)'/D) () = 2 T/C%]H''' H)'?/L/D

L& * F/G 7m@JK?:=do:rL:

' G 1. F(f (t)) = q

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f 0 (t) = 2 sin t cos t = sin 2t

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[1(t k ) 1(t k+1 )]fk (t) .

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sin(t 1) = sin t cos 1 cos t sin 1 

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21 1 43 56

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656

?_wL'''RHm/D''/eDP ]&(( h* *( |'H]L%'';DLewL'''D g(t)

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(w[ |Gm KJu~:k8;:=do: L(e ) = const 6= 0 ^

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5 66 56 5 5 656

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f 00 (t) p (p F (p) f (0)) f 0 (0) = p2 F (p) p f (0) f 0 (0).

(w[ |Gm KJu~:k8;:=do: L(cos t) ^

#]&)]'$%(*n- G [@ f (t) O f (t) \yKq@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%OnO f (t) F (p)do@ lim p F (p) = f (0)

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(w[ FLt|Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:

[( mL'''D R sin d Ha/D''/ (**'[D*#[](**; WHaD_/J/D

]H]'Hj J']HH''/D'/]''H'/C'jD)

]H]'Hj J %'~H'H'''/D'/9]]/?)'jD) t sin t 1 =

w HL f (t) {]''H'/C (t) = 0,

m L'''? 1(tc) = 0, t < c

sin(t 1) = sin t cos 1 cos t sin 1

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(w[ - t|G g Kq\H:XN/KJu~:k8%Ob@JIs8[KCM?KxN/Kqi)SN/l/OLz/dWK f (t) = 1(t) + t 1(t 1) ^

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(w[ U F/Gm :=K F (p) = p ^ KJu~:k8;:=do:m@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%K^

(w[ U%- Gm :=K F (p) = 1

["%[w F%F E["%[w [" %* R**[("[&( ** h* *( G [@{i)SN/l/OLz/dWK

f1 (t) F1 (p) f2 (p) F2 (p)

p F1 (p) F2 (p) = F1 (p) f2 (0) + F1 (p) (p F2 (p) f2 (0)) f1 (t) f2 (0) +

L& * FL|Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:

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[( mL'''D F (p) = p eD/C%]''/][?%']=D? |p| > 1 /!]=_L

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L& *-%U Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:m@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%K

[( ?w'r%=DDD') F (p) D,{]L; F (p) = 1 ? _E%=o;D)wLL

L& *-'0 Gm KJu~:k8;:=do:m@E8%O%>rO/N/K_Z%K f (t) N/Kqi)SN/l/OLz/dWK F (p)[C<?:=do@

[( )mL'''D F (p) = e D/C%]''/b C\{0} ?]b_'?/HLD)

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