Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sobre Contaminacion Toxica
Sobre Contaminacion Toxica
Your use of this material constitutes acceptance of that license and the conditions of use of materials on this site.
Copyright 2006, The Johns Hopkins University, Patrick Breysse, and Peter S. J. Lees. All rights reserved. Use of these materials permitted only in accordance with license rights granted. Materials provided AS IS; no representations or warranties provided. User assumes all responsibility for use, and all liability related thereto, and must independently review all materials for accuracy and efficacy. May contain materials owned by others. User is responsible for obtaining permissions for use from third parties as needed.
Section A
Time-Weighted Averages
Exposure Profile
CONCENTRATION
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 Time weighted average (TWA) Peak
TIME
Source: Patrick Breysse and Peter S. J. Lees
Time-Weighted Average
Apportions the measured exposure based on the interval of time during which the exposure occurred Can apply to any time period but is typically used for 8-hour periods of time Also applies to short term samples (i.e., a STEL is a 15-minute TWA)
TWA =
c t
i=1 n
1 1
t
i=1
TWA = 4hr 11ppm + 2hr 14ppm + 2hr 20ppm 4hr + 2hr + 2hr
Continued
8
Continued
Continued
10
11
TWA = 4hr 11ppm + 2hr 14ppm + 2hr 0ppm 4hr + 2hr + 2hr
Continued
12
13
Section B
Exposure Limits for Mixtures
16
Continued
17
18
Section C
Exposure Limits for Extended Work Shifts
Continued
20
Continued
21
CallowedT8hr = CallowedTXhr
Other more complicated adjustment calculations can account for pharmacokinetic behavior
22