- Nguyn t c to nn bi .v ht nhn.

Ht nhn c to nn
bi ... v ....
- in tch ca 3 loi ht trong nguyn t:
.: 1+
.:
..:
- K hiu ca:
S n v in tch ht nhn:
S khi:
- Cc cng thc tnh trong nguyn t:
S n v in tch ht nhn ..................=.= .............
S khi =+
- Nguyn t ha hc:
Nguyn t ha hc l nhng nguyn t c cng s ..
Cc ng v ca nguyn t ha hc l cc nguyn t c cng s ,
khc s
Nguyn t khi trung bnh: nguyn t c 2 ng v X v Y
X c nguyn t khi l X v % s nguyn t l a%.
Y c nguyn t khi l Y v % s nguyn t l b%.
Cng thc tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh:
A=

- K hiu nguyn t: nguyn t X c s khi . v s hiu nguyn t

K hiu nguyn t:

BI TP
I/ Bi tp v nguyn t:
1. Xc nh in tch ht nhn, s proton, s ntron, s electron, s khi ca cc nguyn t sau:
19
64
32
23
31
27
9 F 29 Cu 16 S 11 Na 15 P 13 Al
\,

,,,

31
23
2. Xc nh s khi v nguyn t khi ca: 15 P v 11 Na .
3. Tng s ht proton, ntron v electron trong nguyn t X l 21. Trong s ht mang in dng
bng s ht khng mang in. Vit k hiu nguyn t ca X?
4. Nguyn t X c tng s ht p, n v e l 54 v c s khi l 37. Tnh s hiu nguyn t ca X?
5. Nguyn t nguyn t X c tng s ht l 82, bit s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang
in l 22 ht. Tnh Z, A, vit k hiu nguyn t.
6. Nguyn t nguyn t X c tng s ht l 58, bit s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang
in l 14 ht. Tnh Z, A, vit k hiu nguyn t.
7. Nguyn t nguyn t X c tng s ht l 126, bit s ntron nhiu hn s electron l 12 ht. Tnh
Z, A, vit k hiu nguyn t.
8. Nguyn t nguyn t X c tng s ht l 34, bit s ntron nhiu hn s proton l 1 ht. Tnh Z,
A, vit k hiu nguyn t.

II/ Bi tp v ng v:
1. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca:
35
37
35
a) Clo, bit Clo c 2 ng v 17 Cl v 17 Cl bit 17 Cl chim 75,53%.
b) Argon bit argon c 3 ng v 40Ar (99,63%); 36Ar (0,31%); 38Ar (0,06%).
24
25
26
c) Magie, bit Magie c 3 ng v : 78,99% 12 Mg ; 10,00% 12 Mg ; 11,01% 12 Mg .
16
17
18
d) Oxi, bit Oxi c 3 ng v: 99,757% 8 O ; 0,039% 8 O ; 0,204% 8 O .

2. Tnh % mi ng v ca cc nguyn t sau bit:

12
13
a) Trong t nhin cacbon c hai ng v 6 C v 6 C v NTKTB ca cacbon l 12,011.
79
81
b) Brom c 2 ng v 35 Br v 35 Br , bit M = 79,82.
65
30

Zn v

A
30

Zn , bit M = 65,41 .
A
3. Cu c 2 ng v Cu chim 73% v 29 Cu , bit A = 63,64 . Tnh s khi ng v th 2.
36
38
A
4. Ar c 3 ng v 18 Ar chim 0,34% , 18 Ar chim 0,06% v 18 Ar , bit M = 39,98. Tnh s khi
ng v th ba.
5. Vit cng thc cua cac loai phn t CuCl2 bit Cu va Cl co cac ng vi sau: 65Cu, 63Cu , 35Cl, 37Cl.
10
11
6. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t Bo, bit Bo c 2 ng v 5 B c 47 nguyn t; 5 B
c 203 nguyn t.
7. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t Mg. Bit Mg c 3 ng v. Trong 5000 nguyn t
24
25
26
Mg c 3930 ng v 12 Mg ; 505 ng v 12 Mg ; cn li l ng v 12 Mg .
8. Mt nguyn t Y c 2 ng v. ng v 1 c 35 proton, 44 ntron chim 54,5%. ng v 2 hn
ng v 1 l 2 ntron. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh.
9. Mt nguyn t X c 2 ng v c s nguyn t t l vi nhau l 31:19. ng v 1 c 51 proton, 70
ntron. ng v 2 hn ng v 1 l 2 ntron. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh.
10. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng kim loi l 63,546. ng tn ti trong t nhin vi hai loi
ng v l 63Cu v 65Cu. S mol nguyn t 63Cu c trong 8 gam Cu?
11. Trong t nhin ng c 2 ng v 65Cu v 63Cu. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Cu l 63,54. Tnh
thnh phn % ca 65Cu trong CuCl2 (Nguyn t khi ca Cl l 35,5).
12. Liti c 2 ng v l 36 Li v 37 Li . Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca liti l 6,94. Tnh % khi lng
7
ca ng v 3 Li trong Li2O.

c) Km c 2 ng v
63
29