2014 2015

Ha 12 CB

CHNG I: ESTE LIPIT

Phn 1: L Thuyt
A. Este
I/ KH\I NIM DANH PHP:
1. Khi nim:
H 2 SO4 d

VD: CH3COOH + C2H5OH

..
to
H 2 SO4 d

C2H5COOH + CH3CH2CH2OH

to

N:..
CT chung ca este n chc: ..
Este no n chc, mch h c CTPT:
CT tnh s ng phn este no, n chc, mch h:
CT tnh s ng phn axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h: .
VD: S ng phn este ca C3H6O2 l:..; C4H8O2 l.
S ng phn n chc ca C3H6O2 l:.; C4H8O2 l..
2. Danh php:
Tn este = tn gc R + tn gc axit (c ui
at)
TN AXIT
HCOOH
CH3COOH
C2H5COOH .
CH2= CH- COOH
CH2= C(CH3) COOH.
C6H5COOH

TN GC R
CH3-..
C2H5-
CH2=CH- .
C6H5 ..
C6H5- CH2-

TN ESTE
HCOOCH3 .
HCOOC2H5
CH3COO- CH=CH2
CH3COOC2H5
CH3COOCH3
..

II/ TNH CHT VT L:

CH3COOC2H5: 77oC; khng tan; CH3-[CH2]2- CH2OH: 132oC; CH3CH2CH2COOH: 163,5oC, tan nhiu.

III/ TNH CHT HA HC:

Phn ng c trng ca este l:..
1. Phn ng thy phn trong mi trng axit:
RCOOR + H2O.
VD: CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
2. Thy phn trong mi trng kim (..)
RCOOR + NaOH ..
VD: CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH .
CH2 =CH COOCH3 + NaOH
HCOOCH=CH2 + KOH
1

Ha 12 CB

2014 2015

CH3COO-C(CH3)=CH3 + NaOH .
CH3COO- CH2- CH= CH2 + NaOH..
C2H5COO C6H5 + KOH ..
3. Phn ng gc hidrocacbon:
.
Ch : HCOOR.
4. Phn ng chy:
.

IV/ IU CH - NG DNG:
1. iu ch: un hi lu axit cacboxylic v ancol
RCOOH + ROH.
Mt s phng trnh c bit:
..
.
2. ng dng: .

B. Lipit:
I/ KH\I NIM:
Lipit l nhng hp cht hu c c trong t bo sng, khng ha tan trong nc nhng tan trong cc
dung mi hu c khng cc.
Cu to: phn ln lipit l cc este phc tp bao gm: cht bo (triglixerit), steroit, phopholipit v sp

II/ CHT BO:

1. Khi nim:
Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi., gi chung l triglixerit hay triacyl glixerol.
Cc axit bo thng gp l:
Axit panmitic: .
Axit stearic: .
Axit oleic: .
Axit linoleic: .
Axit bo l nhng axit cacboxylic n chc, c mch cacbon di (thng t 12C n 24C) khng phn
nhnh, c th no hoc khng no.
CTPT chung ca cht bo:

R1; R2; R3 l gc hidrocacbon ca axit bo c th ging hay khc nhau.

CT tnh s ng phn trieste to bi glixerol v n axit bo: .
2. Tnh cht vt l:
iu kin thng l cht lng hoc cht rn.
R1; R2; R3 ch yu l gc hidrocacbon no th cht bo l:
2

2014 2015

Ha 12 CB

R1; R2; R3 ch yu l gc hidrocacbon khng no th cht bo l:

Nh hn nc, khng tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong cc dung mi khng cc.
3. Tnh cht ha hc:
a) Phn ng thy phn:
..
.
b) Phn ng x phng ha:
...
..
c) Phn ng hidro ha:

..
Dng trong cng nghip chuyn ha..
d) Phn ng oxi ha: ..
4. ng dng:

CHNG I: ESTE LIPIT

Phn 2: Cc dng bi tp
DNG 1: GI TN ESTE, VIT CTCT CA ESTE:
Bi 1: Gi tn cc este sau:
Bi 2: Vit CTCT ng vi cc este c cc tn gi
HCOOCH2CH2CH3
sau:
HCOOCH=CH2
Etyl fomiat:
C2H5COOCH3
Vinyl axetat:
CH3COOCH=CH2
Metyl acrylat:
CH3COOC6H5
Vinyl benzoat:
HCOO-CH2-C6H5
Phenyl axetat:.
DNG 2: TM CTPT, X\C NH S NG PH]N ESTE:
BT1: Este no, n chc, mch h A c %C = 40%. Xc nh CTPT v tng s ng phn ca A.
.
.
.
BT2: Este no, n chc, mch h A c %H = 8,108%. Xc nh CTPT v tng s ng phn ca A.
BT3: Este no, n chc, mch h A c %O = 43,24%. Xc nh CTPT v tng s ng phn ca A.
BT4: Este no, n chc, mch h A c %C = 54,55%. Xc nh CTPT v tng s ng phn ca A.
DNG 3: TNH KHI LNG MUI:
BT1: X phng ha hon ton 8,8 gam CH3COOC2H5 trong dung dch KOH (va ), thu c dung dch
cha m gam mui. Tnh gi tr ca m.

Ha 12 CB

2014 2015

BT2: un nng 7,2 gam HCOOCH3 trong dung dch NaOH (d) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c m gam mui. Tnh gi tr ca m.
BT3: un nng 2,72 gam phenyl axetat ht vi dd NaOH (d) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c
m gam mui. Tnh gi tr ca m.
BT4: Cho 13,2 gam CH3COOC2H5 phn ng vi 100 ml dd NaOH 1M, c cn dd sau phn ng c cht
rn khan. Tnh khi lng cht rn thu c.
BT5: Cho 12 gam CH3COOCH3 phn ng vi 200 ml dd NaOH 1M, c cn dd sau phn ng c cht rn
khan. Tnh khi lng cht rn thu c.
BT6: Cho 4,4 gam C2H5COOCH3 phn ng vi 150 ml dd NaOH 0,5M, c cn dd sau phn ng c cht
rn khan. Tnh khi lng cht rn thu c.
DNG 4: B[I TO\N LIN QUAN N HIU SUT PHN NG ESTE HA:
BT1: un nng 6 gam axit axetic vi 6 gam etanol (xt: H2SO4 ). Tnh khi lng este thu c bit hiu
sut phn ng este ha l 80%.
.
.
.
.
.
BT2: un nng 5,52 gam ancol etylic vi 9 gam axit axetic c axit H 2SO4 c lm xc tc. Tnh khi lng
este thu c bit hiu sut phn ng este ha l 60%.
BT3: Tnh khi lng axit v ancol cn iu ch 5,28 gam etyl axetat bit hiu sut phn ng l 80%.
BT4: Tnh khi lng axit v ancol cn iu ch 14,8 gam etyl fomat bit hiu sut phn ng l 92%.
BT5: un nng 9 gam axit axetic vi lng d ancol etylic (xt: H2SO4 ) thu c 10,56 gam este. Tnh hiu
sut phn ng este ha.
BT6: un nng axit axetic vi 3,2 gam ancol etylic (xt: H2SO4 ) n khi phn ng dng li thu c 5,55
gam gam este. Tnh hiu sut phn ng este ha.
BT7: Sn phm ca phn ng thy phn metyl axetat c 3,2 gam ancol metylic. Bit hiu sut ca phn ng
ny l 80%. Tnh khi lng este em thy phn.
DNG 5: TM CTPT, CTCT CA ESTE DA V[O PHN NG THY PH]N
BT1: Cht X c CTPT C4H8O2. Khi X tc dng vi BT5: C3H6O2 C2H3O2Na
dd NaOH sinh ra cht hu c Y c CTPT l

C2H3O2Na. Gi tn X BT6: C4H8O2 ancol etylic

BT7: C2H4O2 ancol metylic

BT2: C3H6O2 CHO2Na
BT8: C4H8O2 axit axetic

BT3: C4H8O2 CHO2Na
BT9: C3H6O2 axit axetic

BT10: C3H6O2 C2H6O
BT4: C4H8O2 C3H5O2 Na

Ha 12 CB

2014 2015

BT11: Mt este n chc A c d A/ CH 4 = 3,75. Thy phn hon ton 1,8 gam A bng dung dch NaOH. Sau
phn ng thu c 0,96 gam ancol n chc. Tm CTCT ca este A.

BT12: Mt este n chc A c d A/ CH 4 = 5,5. Thy phn hon ton 1,76 gam A bng dung dch NaOH. Sau
phn ng thu c 0,92 gam ancol n chc. Tm CTCT ca este A.
BT13: Mt este n chc A c d A/ H 2 = 37. Thy phn hon ton 7,4 gam A bng dung dch KOH. Sau phn
ng thu c 9,8 gam ancol n chc. Tm CTCT ca este A.
BT14: Mt este n chc A c d A/O2 = 1,875. Thy phn hon ton 9 gam A bng dung dch NaOH. Sau
phn ng thu c 10,2 gam ancol n chc. Tm CTCT ca este A.
BT15: thy phn hon ton este no n chc, mch h X cn dng 100 ml dung dch KOH 1M. Sau phn
ng thu c 8,4 gam mui v 4,6 gam ancol. Xc nh CTCT ca X.

BT16: Thy phn hon ton este no n chc, mch h X cn dng 120 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Sau phn
ng thu c 9,84 gam mui v 3,84 gam ancol. Xc nh CTCT ca X.
BT17: Thy phn hon ton este no n chc, mch h X trong dung dch NaOH d. Sau phn ng thu
c 24,6 gam mui khan v 13,8 gam ancol. Xc nh CTCT ca X bit MX < 90.
BT18: Thy phn hon ton 2,96 gam este no n chc, mch h X trong dung dch NaOH d. Sau phn
ng thu c 3,28 gam mui khan. Xc nh CTCT ca X bit MX < 90.
DNG 6: TM CTCT CA ESTE BNG PHN NG VI BAZO D
BT1: un nng 8,8 gam este Y c CTPT C4H8O2 vi 200 ml dd KOH 1M. C cn dd sau phn ng thu c
15,4 gam cht rn. Xc nh CTCT ca Y.

BT2: un nng 5,18 gam este Y c CTPT C3H6O2 vi 150 ml dd KOH 1M. C cn dd sau phn ng thu
c 7,96 gam cht rn. Xc nh CTCT ca Y.
BT3: Este n chc X c t khi hi so vi CH4 l 6,25. Cho 20 gam X tc dng vi 300 ml dd KOH 1M
(un nng). C cn dd sau phn ng thu c 25,2 gam cht rn khan. Xc nh CTCT ca X.
DNG 7: TM CTPT, CTCT CA ESTE DA V[O PHN NG CH\Y
BT1: t chy hon ton 8,8 gam este E no, n chc, mch h thu c 8,96 lt CO2 (ktc). Tm CTPT v
s ng phn ca E.

BT2: t chy hon ton 11,1 gam este E no, n chc, mch h thu c 8,1 gam H 2O . Tm CTPT v s
ng phn ca E.
5

Ha 12 CB

2014 2015

BT3: t chy hon ton 14,8 gam este X n chc thu c 13,44 lt CO2 v 10,8 gam H2O . Tm CTPT
ca X.
BT4: t chy hon ton 7,4 gam este X n chc thu c 6,72 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. Tm
CTPT ca X?
BT5: t chy hon ton 2 th tch mt este A to thnh 6 th tch CO 2 v 6 th tch hi nc. Cc th tch
kh v hi c o trong cng iu kin. Tm CTPT ca A.
DNG 8: TNH KHI LNG CHT BO HOC KHI LNG X[ PHNG
BT1: X phng ha hon ton 8,9 gam cht bo X bng dung dch NaOH thu c 11,04 gam glixerol. Tnh
khi lng x phng.
BT2: X phng ha hon ton m gam cht bo X bng dung dch NaOH thu c 13,8 gam glixerol v 9,18
gam x phng. Tnh khi lng cht bo dng.
BT3: Thy phn hon ton 0,05 mol este (RCOO) 3R bng dung dch NaOH thu c 14,1 gam mui v 4,6
gam ancol. Xc nh CTCT ca este.
BT4: Thy phn hon ton 26,52 gam este (RCOO)3R bng dung dch NaOH thu c 27,36 gam mui v
2,76 gam ancol. Xc nh CTCT ca este.
BT5: X phng ha hon ton 13,35 gam mt mu cht bo A c glixerol v 13,77 gam mt mui natri
duy nht ca axit bo X. Tm CTCT ca A.
BT6: Hn hp X gm 3 cht bo l tristearin, triolein v tripanmitin. un nng 77,58 gam hn hp X vi
lng d dung dch NaOH thu c m gam x phng v 8,28 gam glixerol. Tnh gi tr ca m.
DNG 9: TO\N TNG HP
BT1: Cho 10,4 gam hn hp gm metyl fomiat v metyl axetat tc dng vi NaOH th ht 150 ml dung dch
1M. Tnh khi lng mi este trong hn hp trn

BT2: Cho 8,1 gam hn hp X gm etyl axetat v metyl axetat tc dng vi dung dch KOH d th thu c
9,8 gam mui. Tnh % khi lng mi este trong hn hp X.
BT3: Cho 15,6 gam hn hp gm axit axetic v etyl axetat tc dng vi 225 gam dung dch NaOH 4% (va
). Tnh % khi lng etyl axetat trong hn hp.
BT4: t chy hon ton 26,4 gam hn hp gm HCOOC3H7 v CH3COOC2H5 cn va V lt O2 (ktc).
Tnh gi tr ca V.
BT5: t chy hon ton 16,65 gam hh gm CH3 COOCH3 v HCOOC2H5 th thu c V lt CO2 (ktc).
Tnh gi tr ca V.
BT6: X phng ha hon ton 14,43 gam hh gm CH3COOCH3 v HCOOC2H5 cn va 200 ml NaOH
a(M). Tnh gi tr ca a.
BT7: X phng ha hon ton 5,28 gam hh gm (CH3COOC2H5 v C2H5COOCH3) cn va V ml NaOH
1M. Tnh gi tr ca V.
BT8: (C 2007) Khi t chy hon ton 4,4 gam cht hu c X n chc thu c sn phm chy ch
gm 4,48 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Nu cho 4,4 gam hp cht X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH
va n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 4,8 gam mui ca axit hu c Y v cht hu c Z. Tn ca X
l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; O =16; Na = 23)
A. Etyl propionat.
B. Metyl propionat.
C. Isopropyl axetat.
D. Etyl axetat.
6