Types of short-circuit

DE57221EN

Zsc
U
Zsc
Ik2
Zsc
ZN

E
I 1 = ----------------------------Z1 + Z2 + Z

Fig. 1. Two-phase short-circuit clear of earth.

Two-phase short-circuit between phase conductors (fig.1)

The value of the two-phase short-circuit current at a point within the power system is:
U
Ik2 = -----------------Z1 + Z2
In a power system supplied by a transformer (fault far from the sources), the value of
the two-phase short-circuit current at a point within the power system is:
U
Ik2 = -------------------2 Zsc
The two-phase short-circuit current is weaker than three-phase short-circuit current,
by a ratio of 3/2, i.e. approximately 87%.
If the fault occurs close to a generator (Z2 Z1), the current can be higher
than in a three-phase fault.

E
I 2 = ----------------------------Z1 + Z2 + Z

DE55224EN

Short-circuit currents

V1
Z1
V2
Z2

I0 = 0
E ( Z2 + Z )
V 1 = ---------------------------Z1 + Z2 + Z

V0
Z0

E Z2
V 2 = ---------------------------Z1 + Z2 + Z

I1

I2

I0

V0 = 0

Zsc

Two-phase short-circuit between two phase

conductors and earth (fig. 2)

Zsc

For a solid short-circuit (fault far from the sources), the value of the two-phaseto-earth short-circuit is:
3U
IkE2E = --------------------------( Z 1 + 2Z 0 )

U
Ik2E
Zsc
IkE2E
ZN

Fig. 2. Two-phase-to-earth short-circuit.

E ( Z 2 + Z 0 + 3Z )
I 1 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Z 1 Z 2 + ( 3Z + Z 0 ) ( Z 1 + Z 2 )

DE55225EN

DE57222EN

Model of a two-phase short-circuit using the symmetrical components.

V1
Z1

E ( Z 0 + 3Z )
I 2 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Z 1 Z 2 + ( 3Z + Z 0 ) ( Z 1 + Z 2 )

V2
Z2

E Z2
I 0 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Z 1 Z 2 + ( 3Z + Z 0 ) ( Z 1 + Z 2 )

V0
Z0

I1

I2

3Z

I0

Model of a two-phase-to-earth short-circuit using the symmetrical components.

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