Renewable Sources of Energy

Slide Compiled by:Arpit Kapoor Anil kumar Yadav B.Tech 4th year Department of Electrical Engineering

Specific Questions
What are the current and projected India energy (fuel + electricity) demands. How the demand of Electricity currently being generated ? In the future ? What contribution can Renewable Energy make to future fuel and electricity needs ?

How are the energy needs supplied ?

Present Energy Resources

Fossil fuels - coal, oil, gas are all of limited amounts. Cant be replaced. Nuclear fuels -limited amounts of uranium for nuclear fission reactors but reprocessing of fuel possible.

Difficult to estimate how long these fuels will last - but is it sustainable economically or environmentally?

Sustainable Situation
Renewable energy resources are being replaced / generated at the same rate that they are being utilised.

Hence they will last indefinitely.

Renewable Energy Generation in India

Types of Renewable Energy Sources

Solar Energy
Solar Cells Solar Panel Solar Roof Tiles

Wind Energy Tidal Energy Bio Mass Geothermal Energy

Solar Energy
Solar Panel Solar Heating Panels/Passive Solar Power Generation Solar Cells / Photovoltaic Cells Solar Cells Convert light into a small electrical output -mill watts output. Need a bank/array of cells for useful output. Cost of cells is high but reducing. Efficiency of cells is up to 23%/ improving.

Solar Panels Are situated on roof of building. Absorb heat in the form of radiation from sun. Basically system is like a domestic central heating radiator painted black/insulated. Provides topping up of domestic hot water.

Solar Roof Tiles

Roof mounted solar panels (Solar century) Innovative SunSlates installation by

Solar century for Liang Homes

Integrated solar tiles installed by Solar Century on a current development in Milton Keynes by English partnership and Bloor homes.

Wind Energy
A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from the wind into mechanical energy. If the mechanical energy is used to produce electricity, the device may be called a wind generator or wind charger. Each wind turbine can produce between 1/4 and 2 MW of electrical power. Wind farm needs to be located where there is a relatively high average wind speed. Advantages? Disadvantages?

Off-Shore Wind Turbines

Hydroelectricity
Currently largest source of electricity from renewables. Needs guaranteed supply of water. Kinetic energy of water rotates turbines which generate electricity.

Tidal Energy
Located at some coastal sites - usually estuaries and bays with large tidal range. Shape of coastal site above and below sea level determines range e.g. Bay of Bengal. At high tide reservoir of water is created which is allowed to flow through turbines located in dam. Expensive construction.

BIOMASS
Biomass, as a renewable energy source, is biological material from living, or recently living organisms. As an energy source, biomass can either be used directly, or converted into other energy products such as biofuel. In the first sense, biomass is plant matter used to generate electricity with steam turbines. Examples include forest residues (such as dead trees, branches and tree stumps), wood chips and even municipal solid waste. In the second sense, biomass includes plant or animal matter that can be converted into fibers or other industrial chemicals, including biofuels. Industrial biomass can be grown from numerous types of plants.

Geothermal Energy
Geothermal electricity is electricity generated from geothermal energy. Technologies in use include dry steam power plants, flash steam power plants and binary cycle power plants. Geothermal electricity generation is currently used in 24 countries while geothermal heating is in use in 70 countries. Estimates of the electricity generating potential of geothermal energy vary from 35 to 2000 GW. Current worldwide installed capacity is 10,715 megawatts (MW), with the largest capacity in the United States (3,086 MW), Philippines, and Indonesia.

Electricity Demand in India-slab using 2005 ,2015,2030.