Leslie Lopez HG&D Summer 1 Assignment:Chapter 2

1. Which of the major developmental theories are stage theories? Which are not? Psychoanalytic (Freuds theory and Skinners theory) and cognitive (Piagets theory) divide into distinct stages, each stage describes gradual and ongoing changes throughout the human life.They believed that adult personalities and habits were influenced by early stages of our unconscious and our childhood experience because the experiences obtained in these early stages of our childhood provide the foundation of adult behavior. Behaviorism (Pavlov and Skinner),the social learning (Bandura) and sociocultural(Vygotsky) are not stage theories. They examine only what could be seen. These theories focus on behavior also called learning theory, how people learn and develop habits,step by step. Learning theorists believe that development occurs in small increments, bit by bit over a long time such as to speak,cook, or anything else. Sociocultural theory shows the influence that other people over a persons behavior. These theories also show every individual learns many things through observation and imitation of other people.

2. Which theories emphasize individual conscious organization of experience? unconscious urges? observable behavior? the interaction of nature and nurture? Psychoanalytic theory emphasizes conscious organization. Behaviorism theory emphasizes unconscious urges. Developmental theory emphasizes observable behavior. Social learning emphasizes nature/nurture interaction. Sociocultural theory emphasizes nature/nurture interaction.

3. Which theories emphasize the impact of early experience on development? psychoanalytic :Freuds theory(psychosexual), Eriksons theory (psychosocial) Banduras theory(social learning) Cognitive: Piagets theory (periods of cognitive development)

4. . How does each theory view the child? Psychoanalytic

Leslie Lopez HG&D Summer 1 Assignment:Chapter 2

Freuds theory: Development in childhood by early stages each one chracterized by sexual interest and pleasure centered on a particular part of the body.

Eriksons theory: Behavior learned in childhood by early stages each one shows how the children learn by the relationship of their family. Cognitive Piagets theory: Children thought changes with time and experiences, and their thought processes always affect their behavior.