Integral Calculus

The Indefinite Integral

Copyright 2005 by Ron Wallace, all rights reserved.
Antiderivative
F(x) is an antiderivative of
f(x) if F(x) = f(x).
Example:
2
5 3 2 5
d
x x x
dx
( + =

2
Therefore, 5 3 is an antiderivative of 2 5 x x x +
2
5 7 2 5
d
x x x
dx
( =

2
Therefore, 5 7 is also antiderivative an of 2 5 x x x
Antiderivative
| |
Since 0 for any constant c ...
d
c
dx
=
2
5 2 5
d
x x c x
dx
( + =

2
antideriva 5 is tive an of 2 5 x x c x +
Five antiderivatives
of f(x)=2x-5
w/ c = 0, 2, 4
Antiderivative
If F(x) = f(x), and c is any
constant, then F(x) + c is an
antiderivative of f(x).
Therefore:
Antiderivative
Assume that F(x) = f(x) and G(x) = f(x).
Then d/dx[F(x) - G(x)] = f(x) - f(x) = 0
Therfore F(x) - G(x) = c
So, antiderivatives of a function
differ by a constant.
The Indefinite Integral
The process of finding an antiderivative
is called integration.
Notation:
| |
( ) ( )
d
F x c f x
dx
+ =
The derivative of
F(x)+c is f(x).
( ) ( ) f x dx F x c = +
}
The indefinite integral
of f(x) is F(x)+c.
Note that these two statements are different notations
for the same fact (just opposite processes).
Integration Formulas
Just reverse the differentiation formulas
1
, if n 1
1
n
n
x
x dx c
n
+
= + =
+
}
x x
e dx e c = +
}
ln
x
x
b
b dx c
b
= +
}
| |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) f x g x dx f x dx g x dx =
} } }
2 dx
x
2
dx
5x
3
dx
x
3
(4x + 1)
2
dx
7-2x
3
dx
7-2x
3
dx
_____
x
2

12 dx
(2x-3)
2

_____