StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

Whydoyouneedastarterforamotor?

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

ToStarttheMotor?

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

What do you mean by starting the motor?

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

Startingisaprocessinwhicha motorsrotorisbroughtfromzero speedtoratedspeed.

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

Whatisthespeed equationofan InductionMotor?

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

120f/P?

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

Whereisvoltageinthisequation?

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

Thenwhyshouldoneapplyvoltagetothe motorforthemotortostartandrun?

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

Whereisthemistake?

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors
120f/Pistheequationforthesynchronousspeed ofthemotor(i.e.)thespeedoftherotating magneticfield,whichisimaginary. But,forrotatingtherotorwhichisabodywitha mass,oneneedstoapplyaforce.Remember NewtonsLawsofInertia? Abodyatrestwillnotchangeitsposition unlessanexternalforceactsuponit.

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors A rotor is a body with a mass. So, to lift that mass against gravity and to keep it in motion, one needs to apply a force. If it is linear movement, it is called force and in the case of angular movement, as in the case of a motor, it is called Torque.

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors
As the starting torque is proportional to the square of the applied voltage, the more voltage that is applied to the motor, the better will be the starting torque. It is for this reason that rated voltage is applied to the motor. Now, we know that for a motor to start, a certain voltage and a certain frequency have to be applied to the motor.

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors
Apply full rated voltage at rated frequency, at the time of starting itself. Isnt it? This method is called Full Voltage Starting or Across the Line Starting or DirectonLine or D.O.L. Starting. We will see the schematics of this starter now.

SDF Unit

Direct-On-Line Starter Power Schematic Diagram

Contactor

Overload Relay

MOTOR

Direct-On-Line Starter Control Schematic Diagram

MCB
Phase

Overload Relay
95

STOP Push Button

Neutral

Control Supply

96 53 K 54 94 a1 K

START Push Button

Contactor Coil (240V AC)

a2

DirectOnLineStarter
Now,whataretheadvantagesand disadvantagesofthisstarter? Advantages: MostEconomicalStarter Simpletoestablish,operateandmaintain SimpleControlCircuitry Easytounderstandandtroubleshoot

DirectOnLineStarter
Disadvantages: VeryHighStartingCurrent(Typically6to8timesthefull loadcurrentofthemotor).Why? ThermalStressonthemotor,therebyreducingitslife. Voltagedropinthesystem,affectingothercustomers connectedtothesamelines. Unnecessaryhighstartingtorque,evenwhennot requiredbytheload,therebyincreasedmechanical stressonthemechanicalsystemssuchasrotorshaft, bearings,gearbox,coupling,chaindrive,connected equipments,etc.leadingtoprematurefailureandplant downtimes.

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors
So, some method of starting current reduction has to be adopted. We know that the current is high either as the voltage is high or as the resistance is low (I = V/R). So, to reduce starting current, one either has to reduce the voltage applied to the motor or to increase the resistance of the motor. The first method is adopted for squirrel cage induction motors and the second method for slip ring induction motors.

ReducedVoltageStartersforSquirrelCage InductionMotors: StatorResistanceStarter AutoTransformerStarter StarDeltaStarter

ManualStarDeltaStarter SemiautomaticStarDeltaStarter FullyautomaticStarDeltaStarter
ClosedTransition
UsingPneumaticTimer UsingThermalTimer UsingElectronicOndelaytimer

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

OpenTransition
Usingaspecialelectronicstardeltatimer

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors
SDF K1 R Y B K3 OLR
A2

MOTOR B2
A1 B1 C1 C2

K2

POWER SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF STAR-DELTA STARTER