1 GPRS Fundamental Training

OMP000001
GPRS Fundamental
ISSUE 2.0
Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
GPRS principle is the basic part of the whole system and the later products learning. This slide will help us to understand the GPRS system networking and some important procedure.
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Internal Use
object
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Describe the GPRS networking structure Know the GPRS mobility management procedure Know the GPRS session management procedure
Internal Use
References
q q q
3GPP protocol 23060 3GPP protocol 29060 3GPP protocol 24008
Internal Use
Chapter 1 GPRS Network Structure Chapter 2 Mobility Management Chapter 3 Location Management Chapter 4 Session Managment
Internal Use
GPRS Network Structure

MSC/VLR MSC/VLR SMS-GMSC SMS-GMSC SMS-IWMSC SMS-IWMSC SCP SCP GMLC GMLC HLR HLR EIR EIR
Gs
Gd
Ge
Lg
SS7
Gr
Gf
Gc
BSS BSS
Um Gb
FR
SGSN SGSN
Gn
Gn
ATM DDN ISDN
GGSN GGSN GPRS Backbone

Ga
PDN
Gi
TE TE
Ethernet.etc
UTRAN UTRAN
Um
Iu
ATM
SGSN SGSN
Ga
CG CG
BG BG
Gp
Internal Use

q
Some Abbreviation
GPRS
[ General Packet Radio Service
BSS
[ Base Station Subsystem
UTRAN
[ UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
SGSN
[ Service GPRS Support Node
GGSN
[ Gateway GPRS Support Node
CG
[ Charging Gateway
BG
[ Bordering Gateway
PDN
[ Packet Data Network

Internal Use

q
Some Abbreviation
MSC/VLR
[ Mobile Switch Center/Visitor Location Register
SMS-GMSC
[ Gateway MSC For Short Message Service
SMS-IWMSC
[ Short Message Service Interworking MSC
SCP
[ Service Control Point
GMLC
[ Gateway Mobile Location Center
HLR
[ Home Location Register
EIR
[ Equipment Identity Register
Internal Use
Internal Use
GMM (GPRS Mobility Management)

q
Function of the Mobility Management
The Mobility Management (MM) activities related to a subscriber are characterised by one of three different MM states. In A/Gb mode, the MM states for a GPRS subscriber are IDLE, STANDBY, and READY. Each state describes a certain level of functionality and information allocated.
keep track of the current location of an MS within the PLMN or within another PLMN
Internal Use
GMM (GPRS Mobility Management)

q
GMM specific procedures

Attach procedure RAU and periodic RAU Detach
GMM common procedures

P-TMSI reallocation procedure Authentication procedure Identification procedure
Internal Use
Mobility Management Timer Function

q
Periodic RA Update Timer Function

Monitors the periodic routing area update procedure in the MS Upon its expiry, the MS shall start a periodic routing area update procedure. The length of the timer is set in SGSN; The value of the timer is sent to MS in attach accept message or routing update accept message
Mobile Reachable Timer Function

Upon the expiry of this timer, the MS is detached This is reset and started when the state returns to STANDBY The timer shall be slightly longer than the periodic RA update timer used by an MS The length of the timer is set in SGSN
Purge Timer Function
Allows the SGSN to inform the HLR that it has deleted the MM and PDP contexts of a detached MS. The purge timer is set longer than the mobile reachable timer
Internal Use
2G Network States Transition

IDLE IDLE
GPRS Attach
GPRS Detach
GPRS Attach
GPRS Detach or Cancel Location
READY
Implicit Detach or Cancel Location
READY
READY timer expiry or Force to STANDBY
PDU transmission
READY timer expiry or Force to STANDBY or Abnormal RLC condition
PDU reception
STANDBY
STANDBY
MM State Model of MS
MM State Model of SGSN
Internal Use
Attach Procedure
q
Function
An MS shall perform a GPRS Attach to the SGSN in order to obtain access to the GPRS services. It shall perform a GSM GPRS Attach procedure.
Only MS can initiate the Attach Procedure
Internal Use
Attach Procedure
(IMSI or PTMSI+RAI)
(PTMSI) (IMSI)
(Identity Type = IMSI) (IMSI)
Internal Use
Attach Procedure
Internal Use
Attach Procedure
q
Results after any attach procedure

SGSN get subscriber data from HLR HLR recorded the MSs serving SGSN number SGSN and MS create MM context for the MS
MS can request Session Management services
Internal Use
Detach Procedure
q
Function
The GPRS Detach procedure allows an MS to inform the network that it does not want to access the SGSN-based services any longer The GPRS Detach procedure allows the network to inform an MS that it does not have access to the SGSN-based services any more
The following three entity can initiate the detach procedure

MS SGSN HLR
Internal Use
Detach Procedure (MS Initiation)
MS
BSS/UTRAN
SGSN
GGSN
1. Detach Request
2. Delete PDP Context Request
2. Delete PDP Context Response
3. Detach Accept 4. PS Signalling Connection Release
Internal Use
Detach Procedure
q
Results after any detach procedure

The SGSN shall not service the detached MS, unless reattach The MS is in idle state
The MS is detached either explicitly or implicitly:

Explicit detach: The network or the MS explicitly requests detach Implicit detach: The network detaches the MS, without notifying the MS, a configuration-dependent timer after the mobile reachable timer expired, or after an irrecoverable radio error causes disconnection of the logical link.
Internal Use
Purge Function
q
Function
The Purge function allows an SGSN to inform the HLR that it has deleted the MM and PDP contexts of a detached MS
After the MS detach from the network:

The SGSN may delete the MM/PDP context immediately the SGSN may keep the MM/PDP context for some time of the detached MS
Internal Use
Purge Function (clear or remove)
SGSN 1. Purge MS 2. Purge MS Ack
HLR
Internal Use
Authentication Function (2G)

q
Function
"GSM authentication" implies authentication of the MS by the network and establishment of a new GSM ciphering key (Kc) agreement between the SGSN and the MS.
"GSM authentication" ensure that the user is authorised to use the particular network services
Each triplet contains RAND, SRES and Kc Authentication triplets are stored in the SGSN
Internal Use
Authentication Function (2G)
MS
BSS/UTRAN
SGSN
HLR
1. Send Authentication Info 1. Send Authentication Info Ack 2. Authentication and Ciphering Request 2. Authentication and Ciphering Response
Internal Use
Identity Check
q
Function

Get IMSI from MS Check the IMEI
Internal Use
Identity Check
MS
BSS/UTRAN
SGSN
EIR
1. Identity Request 1. Identity Response 2. Check IMEI 2. Check IMEI Ack
Internal Use
P-TMSI Reallocation
MS
BSS/UTRAN
SGSN
1. P-TMSI Reallocation Command 2. P-TMSI Reallocation Complete
Internal Use
P-TMSI Reallocation
q
Function

The SGSN may reallocate the P-TMSI at any time The reallocation procedure can be performed by the P-TMSI Reallocation procedure
The P-TMSI can be included in the Attach or Routeing Area Update procedures.
Internal Use
Internal Use
Location Management
q
Function
A mechanism that allows the system to keep track of the location information of MS A mechanism that allows the system to keep synchronization of the states of MSs MM context
Internal Use
Layered Location Management Mode (2G)
HLR
SGSN
SGSN number
BSS ready state: cell number MS Standby state: RAI
Internal Use
Routeing Area Update Procedure

Gn SGSN SGSN
RAI 1
RAI 2
RAI 3
RAI 4
cell
Inter SGSN -RAU
MS
Intra SGSN-RAU
Internal Use
Routeing Area Update Procedure

q
RAU procedure will happen in the following two case:

MS entered a new Route Area Periodic RAU ( after periodic timer expires)
Inter-SGSN RAU

The new SGSN find the old SGSN from the old RAI Old SGSN stop downlink signaling, transfer MM context and PDP context to new SGSN
Tunnelling N-PDU to the new SGSN Update PDP context and subscriber data
Internal Use
Internal Use
Session Management
Function Manage the connection between MS, SGSN and GGSN and allocate system resource for the service transmission
Important Procedure PDP Context Activation PDP Context Modification PDP Context Deactivation
Internal Use
Session Management
BTS BSC ISP ISP A A GGSN (A) MS
APNAPN-NI
ISP ISP B B
SGSN DNS
Backbone Backbone
GGSN (B)
Corp. Corp. Network Network
APNAPN-NI APN GGSN IP address
DNS DNS
Internal Use
PDP Context
PDP Context

The PDP context is Packet Data Protocol context PDP context contains all the information needed to transfer user data between MS and GGSN.
The context includes parameters such as Routing, QoS (Quality of Service), Charging ID etc.
PDP context exists in MS, SGSN, GGSN
Internal Use
PDP Context
Each MM context contains zero or more of the following PDP contexts: PDP Context Identifier PDP State PDP Type PDP Address APN Subscribed APN in Use NSAPI TI TEID for Gn/Gp TEID for Iu GGSN Address in Use VPLMN Address Allowed Index of the PDP context. Packet data protocol state, INACTIVE or ACTIVE. PDP type, e.g. PPP or IP. PDP address, e.g. an IP address. The APN received from the HLR. The APN currently used. This APN shall be composed of the APNNetwork Identifier and the APN Operator Identifier. Network layer Service Access Point Identifier. Transaction Identifier. Tunnel Endpoint Identifier for the Gn and Gp interfaces. Tunnel Endpoint Identifier for the Iu interface. The IP address of the GGSN currently used. Specifies whether the MS is allowed to use the APN in the domain of the HPLMN only, or additionally the APN in the domain of the VPLMN. The quality of service profile subscribed. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
QoS Profile Subscribed
Internal Use
PDP Context
QoS Profile Requested QoS Profile Negotiated Radio Priority Packet Flow Id Aggregate BSS QoS Profile Negotiated Send N-PDU Number Receive N-PDU Number GTP-SND GTP-SNU PDCP-SND PDCP-SNU Charging Id PDP Context Charging Characteristics RNC Address in Use 38 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com The quality of service profile requested. The quality of service profile negotiated. The RLC/MAC radio priority level for uplink user data transmission. Packet flow identifier. The aggregate BSS quality of service profile negotiated for the packet flow that this PDP context belongs to. SNDCP sequence number of the next downlink N-PDU to be sent to the MS. SNDCP sequence number of the next uplink N-PDU expected from the MS. GTP-U sequence number of the next downlink N-PDU to be sent to the MS. GTP-U sequence number of the next uplink N-PDU to be sent to the GGSN. Sequence number of the next downlink in-sequence PDCP-PDU to be sent to the MS. Sequence number of the next uplink in-sequence PDCP-PDU expected from the MS. Charging identifier, identifies charging records generated by SGSN and GGSN. The charging characteristics of this PDP context, e.g. normal, prepaid, flat-rate, and/or hot billing. The IP address of the RNC currently used. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Internal Use
MM Context and PDP Context
HLR
MS Uu
BSC Gb/ Iu or RNC
SGSN Gn
MM context PDP context #1 . . PDP context #2
GGSN
MM context PDP context #1 . . PDP context #2
PDP context #1 . . . PDP context #2
Internal Use
Important Concept __ APN

q
APN structure: APN_NI+APN_OI
cmnet.mnc<MNC>.mcc<MCC>.gprs
APN Network ID
APN Operator ID
Operator ID : fixed extension, must end with .gprs Network ID shall not end with .gprs
Internal Use

GGSN1
APN1
APN1 APN2 APN3
MS
APN
SGSN
GGSN2
APN2
APN
GGSN IP GGSN3
APN3
DNS
APN1=GGSN1 IP APN2=GGSN2 IP APN3=GGSN3 IP
Internal Use

q
General APN internet
GGSN GuangDong province
GGSN
SGSN
SGSN
APN:CMNET MS Roaming MS
Internal Use

q
Area APN
VPN tunnel
GGSN Province 1
GGSN Province 2
SGSN
SGSN
APN:test.xy MS Roaming
MS
Internal Use
Important Concept __ PDP State
INACTIVE
Activate PDP Context
Deactivate PDP Context or MM state change to IDLE or PMM-DETACHED
ACTIVE
PDP state
inactivecannot transmit data activecan transmit data

Internal Use
Important Concept __ PDP Type and PDP Address

q
PDP Type
IPV4 IPV6 PPP

q
PDP Address
Static IP [ Public IP [ Allocate by the operator Dynamic IP [ Private IP [ Allocate by GGSN, DHCP or Radius
Internal Use
Important Concept __ QoS

q q
QoS is quality of service It is a group of parameters that can define the network ability, such as the bit rate for downlink or uplink data transmission and the reliability class and so on
It is end to end concept
Internal Use
Activation Procedure
PDP context activation procedure

To establish a PDP context between the MS and the SGSN, the GGSN The first PDP context for a given PDP address and APN
Internal Use
PDP Active Procedure (2G)
MS
BSS
2G-SGSN
2G-GGSN
1. Activate PDP Context Request C1 2. Security Functions 3. Invoke Trace 4. Create PDP Context Request 4. Create PDP Context Response 7. BSS Packet Flow Context Procedures C2 9. Activate PDP Context Accept
Internal Use
Handle in MS
MS start and send Active PDP context request to SGSN

Provide QoS parameter Provide a APN-NI Provide a static IP or null
Receive ACCEPT from SGSN
If the QoS not accept by MS, then starts deactive procedure.
Internal Use
Handle in SGSN
q q
Check subscriber data APN selection

According to TS 23.060 default APN,APN provide from MS and the APN subscribed in HLR APN-NI.APN-OI
Interrogate DNS
Hostfile/Cache/DNS server
QoS negotiation
QoS provided from MS, default QoS ,QoS subscribed in HLR
q q
Send message create PDP context request to GGSN Send message active PDP context accept to MS

Dynamic IP address QoS
RAB assignment
Internal Use
Handle in GGSN
q q q q q
Check the APN provided by SGSN QoS negotiation Allocate a dynamic IP to the MS Allocate a charging ID for the PDP context Return a CREATE PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT message to SGSN

Dynamic IP QoS Charging ID Other information
Update PDP context
Internal Use
Summary
Summary
In the whole GPRS fundamental, you should remember some important concept and the basic signalling procedure
Internal Use
Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved
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OMP000001

1 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

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3GPP protocol 23060 3GPP protocol 29060 3GPP protocol 24008

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GPRS Network Structure

GGSN GGSN GPRS Backbone

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GPRS Network Structure

[ General Packet Radio Service

[ Base Station Subsystem

[ UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network

[ Service GPRS Support Node

[ Gateway GPRS Support Node

[ Packet Data Network

GPRS Network Structure

[ Mobile Switch Center/Visitor Location Register

[ Gateway MSC For Short Message Service

[ Short Message Service Interworking MSC

[ Service Control Point

[ Gateway Mobile Location Center

[ Home Location Register

[ Equipment Identity Register

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GMM (GPRS Mobility Management)

Function of the Mobility Management

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GMM (GPRS Mobility Management)

GMM specific procedures

Attach procedure RAU and periodic RAU Detach

GMM common procedures

P-TMSI reallocation procedure Authentication procedure Identification procedure

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Mobility Management Timer Function

Periodic RA Update Timer Function

Mobile Reachable Timer Function

Purge Timer Function

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2G Network States Transition

GPRS Detach or Cancel Location

Implicit Detach or Cancel Location

READY timer expiry or Force to STANDBY

READY timer expiry or Force to STANDBY or Abnormal RLC condition

MM State Model of SGSN

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Only MS can initiate the Attach Procedure

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(Identity Type = IMSI) (IMSI)

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Results after any attach procedure

MS can request Session Management services

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The following three entity can initiate the detach procedure

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Detach Procedure (MS Initiation)

2. Delete PDP Context Request

2. Delete PDP Context Response

3. Detach Accept 4. PS Signalling Connection Release

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