Light

- is a form of energy - travel in straight lines - cannot travel through opaque if not shadow are formed - it can be reflected

Refraction
- when light travels from one medium to another (different density), its speed changes - so the light ray will bend

Effects of Refraction
- causes optical illusions - swimming pool look swallower - straw appears to be bent

3 Defects of Vision
- short-sightedness - long-sightedness - astigmatism

Short-sightedness
- can see near objects clearly but not distant objects - images of distant objects are formed in front of the retina - using concave lens

Long-sightedness
- can see distant objects clearly but not near objects - images of near objects are formed at the back of the retina - using convex lens

Astigmatism
- using cylindrical lenses

Stereoscopic Vision
- involving both eyes - human & most predators have this vision - advantages - can see objects in 3D - can estimate distance accurately

Monocular Vision
- involving only one eyes - animals of prey have this vision - advantages - has wider scope of vision - can detect the presence of predator easily