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Contents
Introduction Facing the future with Nokia MSC Server System Safe interworking with existing networks New interfaces and protocols Cutting costs with the MSC Server System Fewer sites Transmission savings Savings by mobile optimized VoIP Field proven quality and resiliency Long-term investment protection Optimal solution for all operators Abbreviations 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 7
Introduction
The mobile industry is facing new challenges in todays turbulent business environment. Although networks are growing, the revenue per minute from mobile phone calls is decreasing, while the implementation of EDGE and WCDMA networks demands an economic balancing act from industry players. In this challenging environment, operators need a solution that can answer four vital questions: How can I maximise voice revenue? How can I reduce operational costs? How can I protect existing network investments? How can I deploy WCDMA while increasing protability in GSM? To solve these challenges, Nokia has introduced the MSC Server solution, a common circuit switched core for both GSM/EDGE and WCDMA. When subscribers migrate from GSM to WCDMA, the same core network elements can be used throughout the migration. No changes in the elements or the network topology are needed, keeping the cost and risk to a minimum.
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IP Multimedia Subsystem
HLR
MAP
MSC Server
Nc BICC
Mc
SIGTRAN H.248
Mc
Nb
Nb
Network Management
Billing
Network Management
Billing
IN (CAP/INAP)
HLR (MAP)
IN (CAP/INAP)
HLR (MAP)
MSC Server
SIGTRAN H.248/Megaco
MSC (ISUP) RAN (RANAP) BSS (BSSAP) RAN (RANAP) BSS (BSSAP)
MSC (ISUP)
PSTN (ISUP)
PSTN (ISUP)
MSC
MGW
Figure 2. The MSC Server System integrates safely into the existing network. From the existing networks point of view, the MSC Server System uses the same eld-proven interfaces and protocols as the MSC System, ensuring safe interworking with both single vendor and multi-vendor networks.
GSM BSS (A interface) and WCDMA RAN (Iu-CS interface) networks are identical with todays eld proven interfaces and protocols. This ensures that MSC Server System is compatible with todays networks, including those with elements from several vendors. The similarity between the current MSC System and the MSC Server System is illustrated in Figure 2.
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Voice Mail Systems and Short Message Service Centers (SMSC) connect to the MSC Server System with the same interfaces currently used. In the case of the integrated MSC Server, the connection can remain in the MSC Server without changes. For a new standalone MSC Server, the VMS and SMSC can be connected via the MGW with ISUP. If the SMSC supports SIGTRAN, a direct connection from the MSC Server by SIGTRAN is also possible. Figure 3 illustrates the options for connecting an SMSC.
MSS
SIGTRAN
Non SIGTRAN capable SMSC Connection by C7 over TDM SIGTRAN from MGW to MSC Server
TDM E1 / MAP
MGW
MGW SMS path (SIGTRAN connected SMSC) SMS path (TDM connected SMSC)
SMSC connection options E1 connection to Integrated MSC Server E1 connection to MGW SIGTRAN connection to Integrated or Standalone MSC Server
Figure 3. An SMSC connection to an MSC Server can use the same interfaces and protocols as SMSC connection to a traditional MSC.
MSS (control) Only signalling between MSS and MGW Number and location of MSS sites is independent of traffic => Number of sites can be reduced MGW seldom requires a site visit MGW elements can be located to existing BSC/RNC sites => No dedicated sites required
A Iu-CS Backbone PSTN
Signalling only
MSS and MGW are compact in size Footprint 1/3 of typical MSC footprint => Floorspace cost minimized
MGW (switching)
Figure 4. Site cost is reduced due to the optimal location of elements and the reduced oor space needed.
Fewer sites
The separation of the user plane and control plane allows the respective elements to be located independently of each other. MSC Servers can be concentrated on a few sites at the most convenient location, reducing the
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Transmission savings
The MSC Server System saves transmission costs by local switching for calls managed by a single, local MGW. Increasing the capacity of the call control element leads to increasing distances between call control and trafc hot spots. With MSC systems, this may lead to expensive inter-city transmission connections, even for local mobile-tomobile or mobile-to-PSTN calls, due to the fact that all trafc needs to be transported to the MSC to be switched. With MSC Server Systems, the distributed MGWs can perform local switching, removing the need to carry local trafc over long distances. This is illustrated in Figure 5. The Nokia MSC Server System also saves transmission bandwith capacity compared what is needed by traditional switching systems. This is possible by an integrated voice compression feature that is compatible with all transmission technologies (TDM, IP and ATM). Furthermore, transmission capacity savings can be combined with optimal voice quality by Transcoder Free Operation (TrFO) or Tandem Free Operation (TFO) with Nokia specic enhancements. Transmission backbone capacity can be shared based on trafc needs.
BSS/RAN MSC MSC System High MSC capacity increases access transmission cost Difficult to reduce the number of MSCs PSTN MSC Server MSC Server System Local traffic is switched locally in MGWs MSC Server capacity can be maximized without access cost increase City B
Figure 5. Separation of call control and switching enables high capacity control elements and localized switching. This eliminates long transmission legs in local calls.
TMSC TMSC MSC MSC MSC MSC Servers MSC TDM for voice MSC MSC MSC
Multimedia Gateways
MSC MSC
MSC
Figure 6. MSC network and MSC Server network. The MSC Server System uses the multi-service IP network to transport trafc and signaling.
operation of IP compared to TDM, this enables even large networks without a transit MSC layer, without compromising network operability. The differences between MSC and MSC Server networks are illustrated in Figure 6. Non-real-time (non-voice) packet data will grow signicantly during the coming years, along with GPRS and WCDMA. The MSC Server System is important in this development as it provides the voice call (and WCDMA real time video call) services in these networks. MSC Server, which supports all current transport technologies, including TDM and ATM, allows the operator to consolidate voice and data transport networks into a single IP based transport network.
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the resilient platforms, the Nokia MSC Server System employes system-wide multi-layer resilience mechanisms for both voice and signaling. This ensures that there is no single point of failure in the entire Nokia MSC Server System.
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Abbreviations
3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project. A group of organizational partners that have agreed to co-operate in the formulation of technical specications for third generation mobile systems based on further evolved GSM core networks and radio access technologies. ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode. An international CCITT standard for high-speed packet-switched networks that operates at digital transmission speeds above 1.544 Mbps. BHCA Busy Hour Call Attempt. How many call setups are made in an hour. Example value 3600 bhca means that new call attempt is made after every second. BICC Bearer Independent Call Control. An Inter-MSC Server signaling protocol specied by ITU-T and 3GPP. The use is dened in 3GPP Release 4 specications. CAP CAMEL Application Protocol. A signalling protocol between Service Switching Point and Service Control Point. It enables Intelligent Network services for roaming subscribers. H.248/Megaco MSC Server uses this protocol to control Multimedia Gateway over the Mc interface. It is dened in 3GPP Release 4 specications. IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem. Enables operators to deploy person-to-person multimedia services in 2G and 3G networks.
INAP Intelligent Network Application Protocol. A signalling protocol between Service Switching Point and Service Control Point. It enables Intelligent Network services. IP Internet protocol. A communication protocol specied by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). ISUP ISDN User Part. This portion of the signaling system manages the telephone call, including calling party number information, call status checking, trunk management, system messaging. MAP Mobile Application Part. An open interface specied by ETSI. The MAP functions mainly concern the information exchange between switches and registers in GSM networks related to the possibility for a mobile station to roam. MGW Multimedia Gateway. Network element that together with MSC Server forms the MSC Server System. It takes care of switching and carries the actual trafc. Multimedia Gateway is dened in 3GPP Release 4 specications. MSS MSC Server. Network element that together with Multimedia Gateway forms the MSC Server System. It handles call control and signaling. MSC Server is dened in 3GPP Release 4 specications. PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network. Regular phone lines. SIGTRAN SIGTRAN is a set of protocols dened to transport SS7 messages over IP networks.
SIP Session Initiation Protocol. A signaling protocol for Internet conferencing, telephony, presence, events notication and instant messaging. SMSC Short Message Service Centre. Network element through which short messages are transmitted and in which they can be stored for later transmission if the receiver is not reached. TDM Time Division Multiplexing. A type of multiplexing that combines data streams by assigning each stream a different time slot in a set. TFO Tandem Free Operation. Conguration of a voice or multimedia call for which transcoders are physically present in the communication path but transcoding functions are disabled or partially disabled in order to avoid multiple transcoding. The objective of avoiding multiple transcoding is to improve the speech quality in calls. TrFO Transcoder Free Operation. Conguration of a speech or multimedia call for which no transcoder device is physically present in the communication path and hence no control or conversion or other functions can be associated with it. The purpose of TrFO is to remove unnecessary speech encoding completely from the speech path. UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System. Third generation mobile system. VoIP Voice over IP. Technology to carry voice communication over a data network based on the Internet protocol.
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