Level One those with minimal engineering jobs like retailing firms.

. Level Two those with a moderate degree of engineering jobs like transportation companies. Level Three those with a high degree of engineering jobs like construction firms. Managerial ability - refers to the capacity of an engineer manager to achieve organizational objectives effectively and efficiently. Problem exists when there is a difference between actual situation and desired situation. Internal Environment refers to the organizational activities within the firm that surrounds decision-making External Environment refers to the variables that are outside the organization and not typically within the short run control of top management. Risk Characteristic refers to the livelihood of achieving the goals of alternatives. Risk refers to the uncertainty concerning loss or injury. Convertible Bonds convertible into shares of common stocks Debentures on collateral requirement Mortgage Bond - bond secure by real state Bond a certificate of indebtedness issued by a corporation to a lender The barrier to communication may be classified generally as: Personal Barrier, Physical Barrier, Semantic Barrier In-Basket where the trainee is provided with a set of notes, messages, telephone calls, letters, and reports, all pertaining to a certain company situation. Case Studies - this method presents actual situation in organizations and enable one to examine successful and unsuccessful operation. On-the-Job-Training where the trainee is place in a situation under the direction of his immediate supervisor, who acts as trainer. Vestibule School where the trainee is place in a situation almost exactly the same as the workplace where machines, materials, and time constraints are present. Apprenticeship Program a combination of OJT and experiences with classroom instructions in particular subjects are provided to trainees.

References: http://www.scribd.com/doc/120794881/ENGINEERING-MANAGEMENT-by-ROBERTO-MEDINACHAPTER-1 http://www.scribd.com/doc/120795209/ENGINEERING-MANAGEMENT-by-ROBERTO-MEDINACHAPTER-2 http://www.scribd.com/doc/120795601/ENGINEERING-MANAGEMENT-by-ROBERTO-MEDINACHAPTER-3 http://www.scribd.com/doc/120795853/ENGINEERING-MANAGEMENT-by-ROBERTO-MEDINACHAPTER-4 http://www.scribd.com/doc/156477448/ENGINEERING-MANAGEMENT-CHAPTER-7 http://booklens.com/r-medina/engineering-management