Cu to nguyn t - nh lut tun hon Ak2.

CU TO NGUYN T - H THNG TUN HON

A. Mt s vn l thuyt I. S bin i cc i lng 1. Trong cng mt chu k Trong mt chu k, cc nguyn t c s lp e bng nhau, do khi i t tri phi (Z tng), lc ht t ht nhn ti cc e tng ln r gim. - m in c trng cho kh nng ht e do khi Z tng (r gim), lc ht t ht nhn ti lp v e tng ln m in tng. - Tnh kim loi c trng bi kh nng nhng e ca nguyn t, do khi m in cng ln ( Z tng) th cng ht e mnh do kh nhng e Tnh kim loi gim. - Tnh phi kim c trng bi kh nng nhn e ca nguyn t, nn tri ngc vi tnh kim loi, nn khi Z tng Tnh phi kim tng dn. - Nng lng ion ha l nng lng cn thit tch e khi nguyn t do khi Z tng (r gim), lc ht t ht nhn ti lp v e tng ln Nng lng ion ha tng.
2. Trong mt nhm A Trong mt nhm A, khi i t trn di, Z tng, lc ht t ht nhn ti cc e tng ln nhng s lp e cng tng v quyt nh hn do r gim. Do chiu bin i ca cc i lng trong mt nhm ngc vi chiu bin i trong mt chu k khi Z tng. 3. S bin thin mt s i lng khi Z tng Bn knh nguyn t m in Tnh kim loi Tnh phi kim Nng lng ion ha Ha tr cao nht trong hp cht oxit Ha tr trong hp cht kh vi Hidro Tnh axit ca hidroxit Tnh baz ca hidroxit Trong mt chu k Trong mt nhm A

II. ngha bng tun hon 1. T cu hnh suy ra v tr v ngc li Cu hnh e V tr trong bng tun hon Tng s e STT ca nguyn t S lp e STT chu k S e ha tr STT ca nhm Ch : + Nu l nguyn t s, p thuc nhm A v STT nhm = tng s e lp ngoi cng + Nu l nguyn t d v c cu hnh (n - 1)dxnsa thuc nhm B v: - 3 x + a 7 STT ca nhm = x + a - x + a = 8, 9, 10 thuc nhm VIIIB - x = 10; a = 1 hoc 2 STT ca nhm = a 2. T v tr suy ra tnh cht - Tnh kim loi, phi kim - Ha tr cao nht ca nguyn t trong hp cht vi Oxi, ha tr trong hp cht vi Hidro - Cng thc oxit cao nht v hidroxit tng ng - Tnh axit, baz ca oxit, hidroxit - Cng thc hp cht kh vi Hidro (nu c) Ch : - Ha tr cao nht ca cc nguyn t trong hp cht oxit bng s th t ca nhm (tr cc nguyn t O v F khng c oxit cao nht (v hidroxit) tng ng). - Cc phi kim to c hp cht vi Hidro trong Tng ha tr ca nguyn t ca mt nguyn t trong hp cht vi Hidro v ha tr trong oxit cao nht l 8. B. Mt s dng bi tp 1. So snh (sp xp) tnh kim loi, phi kim ca cc nguyn t; tnh axit, baz ca oxit, hidroxit VD1. Cho cc nguyn t A, B, C, D c s hiu nguyn t l 3, 11, 12, 13. a. Xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng tun hon v sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim b. So snh tnh baz ca cc hidroxit tng ng Gii a. A (Z = 7): 1s22s22p3 A chu k 2, nhm VA, th 7 B (Z = 12): 1s22s22p63s2 A chu k 3, nhm IIA, th 12 C (Z = 14): 1s22s22p63s23p2 A chu k 3, nhm IVA, th 14 D (Z = 19): 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 A chu k 4, nhm IA, th 19

Cu to nguyn t - nh lut tun hon Ak2.1

Xt nguyn t X chu k 3 nhm VIA (ZX = 15) v nguyn t Y chu k 3 nhm IA (ZY = 11) - A v X cng 1 nhm A v ZA < ZX nn tnh kim loi A < X - Cc nguyn t Y, B, C, X cng 1 chu k v ZY < ZB < ZC < ZX nn tnh kim loi Y < C < B < X - Cc nguyn t Y v D cng 1 nhm A nn tnh kim loi Y < D Vy tnh kim loi: A < C < B < D V tnh phi kim tri ngc vi tnh kim loi nn tnh phi kim: D < B < C < A b. Cc nguyn t tng ng N, Mg, Si, K. Cc hidroxit tng ng: HNO3, Mg(OH)2, H2SiO4, KOH. Chiu bin i tnh baz ca cc hidroxit ca cc nguyn t cng chiu so vi tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t do tnh baz: HNO3 < H2SiO4 < Mg(OH)2 < KOH VD2: Cho nguyn t R c Z = 16. a. Xc nh v tr ca R trong bng tun hon, ha tr v cng thc oxit cao nht, hidroxit, hp cht vi hidro (nu c) v tnh cht ca cc hp cht b. So snh tnh cht ca R vi cc nguyn t ln cn trong bng tun hon Gii a. Cu hnh e ca R (Z = 16) 1s22s22p63s23p4 R th 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA. R l S, l phi kim. - Ha tr cao nht trong hp cht oxit l 6, ha tr trong hp cht vi hidro l 2. - Cng thc oxit cao nht SO3, cng thc hidroxit H2SO4 - SO3 l oxit axit, H2SO4 l axit mnh. - Hp cht kh vi hidro l HBr. b. Cc nguyn t ln cn vi S trong cng chu k: P (Z = 15), Cl (Z = 17) Cc nguyn t ln cn vi S trong cng nhm VA: O (Z = 8), Se (Z = 34) Tnh phi kim: P < S < Cl: O > S > Se Tnh axit ca hidroxit: H3PO4 < H2SO4 < HClO4; H2SO4 > H2SeO4

2. Xc nh hai nguyn t 2 nhm lin tip, 2 chu k lin tip qua s ht p hoc e - Nu 2 nguyn t 2 nhm lin tip, cng chu k th in tch ht nhn hon km nhau l 1 - Hai nguyn t 2 chu k k tip nhau thuc cng nhm hoc phn nhm th in tch ht nhn hn km nhau l 8 (Z 20 ), 18 (21 < Z 56) hoc 32 (Z 57) VD1: Phn t X2Y c tng s proton l 23. Bit X, Y 2 nhm A k tip trong cng 1 chu k. Tm cng thc phn t ca hp cht. Gii t s proton ca X, Y l x v y (x, y nguyn) Ta c 2x + y = 23 (1) X, Y 2 nhm A k tip trong cng 1 chu k nn: - Nu X ng trc Y th y = x + 1 (2) T (1) v (2) c x = 7,3 (loi) - Nu X ng sau Y th y = x - 1 (2) T (1) v (2) c x = 8 (X l O); y = 7 (Y l N) Cng thc hp cht l NO2 VD2: C 3 nguyn t A, B, C cng thuc nhm A v c 3 nguyn t ny u thuc 3 chu k lin tip. Tng ht p ca A, B, C bng 70. Gi tn cc nguyn t A, B, C. Gii Gi s ZA < ZB < ZC Z = 70/3 = 23,3 ZA < 23,3; ZC > 23,3 Nu ZB > 23,3 B chu k 3 hoc 4 v 31 ZB 38 (v B nhm A). Khi ZA = ZB 18 v ZC ZB 18 ZB = 23,3 (Mu thun!) Vy ZB < 23,3. B nhm A nn ZB 20. Khi ZA = ZB 8; ZC ZB 32 M ZA + ZB + ZC = 70 ZB = 20; ZA = 12; ZC = 38. Cc nguyn t A, B, C ln lt l: Mg (Z = 12), Ca (Z = 20), Sr (Z = 38).
VD3: C 2 nguyn t A, B nm hai nhm lin tip c tng proton trong ht nhn l 25. A thuc nhm VIA. trng thi n cht A v B khng phn ng vi nhau. a. Xc nh cc nguyn t A, B v gi tn b. Vit cng thc cc oxit cao nht v hidroxit tng ng ca A v B (nu c) Gii ZA + ZB = 25 ZA < 25 A nhm VA c th l: + F (Z = 9) ZB = 16 (nguyn t S) + Cl (Z = 17) ZB = 8 (nguyn t O) V A v B khng phn ng vi nhau A, B l Cl v O b. Cng thc oxit cao nht Cl2O7. Hidroxit HClO4. 3. Xc nh hai nguyn t 2 chu k lin tip hoc thuc cng 1 chu k qua phn ng ha hc

Cu to nguyn t - nh lut tun hon Ak2.1

VD1: Cho 18 gam hn hp 2 kim loi thuc 2 chu k k tip ca nhm IIA tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch HCl 2 M thu c 11,2 lit H2 (ktc). Xc nh 2 kim lai . Gii * Lu : Khi cho kim loi kim th tc dng vi dung dch axit th kim loi s tan hon ton do phn ng vi axit (v cn c th phn ng c vi H2O trong dung dch). Ta ch cn ch ti bn cht ca phn ng: Kim loi phn ng vi axit hay H2O u c: n H 2 = nKL) Ta c n H 2 = 11,2/22,4 = 0,5 mol nKL = n H 2 = 0,5 M KL = 36 2 kim lai l: Mg (Z = 12), Ca (Z = 20) VD2: Cho 15,6 gam hn hp gm 1 kim loi kim v 1 kim loi kim th trong cng 1 chu k tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 11,2 lit H2 (ktc). Xc nh 2 kim loi . Gii Ta c n H 2 = 11,2/22,4 = 0,5 mol (Nu ch c kim loi kim th n = 2. n H 2 = 2.0,5 = 1 mol. Nu ch c kim loi kim th th n = n H 2 = 0,5 mol) Thc t: 0,5 < nKL < 1 15,6 < M KL < 31,2 V 2 kim loi thuc cng 1 chu k nn l: Na (Z = 23) v Mg (Z = 24) 4. Cho bit % khi lng nguyn t trong hp cht vi Hidro tm cng thc hp cht oxit cao nht v ngc li VD: Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t c dng RO 3. Trong cng thc ca hp cht vi Hidro c cha 5,88% H v khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t . Gii V cng thc oxit cao nht c dng RO3 R nhm VI v to c hp cht kh vi Hidro c dng RH2 2 %H = .100% = 5,88% R = 32. R +2 Vy R l S.

C. Phn t lun

Bi 1. Cho 2 nguyn t ho hc c cu hnh electron nguyn t l: X (1s22s22p63s2) v Y (1s22s22p63s23p63d34s2) a. Hi chng c trong cng mt nhm nguyn t hay khng? Gii thch. b. Hai nguyn t ny cch nhau bao nhiu nguyn t ho hc? C cng chu k khng? Bi 2. X v Y l 2 nguyn t thuc cng phn nhm v 2 chu k lin tip trong bng h thng tun hon. Tng s cc ht mang in tch trong nguyn t X v Y l 52. a. Xc nh s th t ca X v Y. b. Cho bit v tr ca X, Y trong bng h thng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc? Bi 3. Trong mi nguyn t c m t di y: 1. Nguyn t A: mt nguyn t ca nguyn t ny c tng s cc ht l 76; t s gia cc ht khng mang in i vi cc ht mang in trong ht nhn l 1,17. 2. Nguyn t B: v nguyn t ca nguyn t ny c 1 e lp th 7. 3. Nguyn t C: tng s electron p ca mi nguyn t l 17. 4. Nguyn t D: tng s electron lp th 3 trong nguyn t l 16. Hy xc nh: a. V tr ca mi nguyn t trong bng h thng tun hon. b. S e c thn ca nguyn t mi nguyn t trng thi c bn. c. D on tnh cht c bn ca nguyn t (kim loi hay phi kim). Bi 4. Nguyn t ca nguyn t A c tng s e trong cc phn lp p l 11. Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c tng s ht mang in t hn tng s ht mang in ca A l 8. Xc nh A, B. Gi X l hp cht to bi A (ng vi ha tr cao nht) v B. Dung dch X c tnh axit, baz hay trung tnh? Gii thch? Bi 5. Tng s cc ht c bn trong nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t M v X l M = 82 v X = 52. M v X to hp cht MXa, trong phn t ca hp cht ny c tng s ht proton l 77. Xc nh M, X v vit cu hnh electron ca M v X. T xc nh v tr v tnh cht ho hc c bn ca chng. Bi 6. Ba nguyn t X, Y, Z cng chu k c tng s hiu nguyn t l 39. S hiu nguyn t Y l trung bnh cng ca s hiu X v Z. Ba nguyn t hu nh khng phn ng vi nc iu kin thng. a. Xc nh v tr X, Y, Z trong h thng tun hon, vit cu hnh electron v gi tn X, Y, Z?. b. So snh bn knh nguyn t ca chng. *Bi 7. A v B u nhm A ca bng tun hon. A tc dng vi HCl gii phng ra kh H 2. B chu k 2. S electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t B bng s lp electron ca nguyn t A. S hiu ca nguyn t A bng 7 ln s hiu ca nguyn t B. Xc nh s hiu ca A v B v vit cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca chng. Bi 8. Hai nguyn t X v Y 2 nhm lin tip trong HTTH, c tng s proton trong ht nhn nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t l 23. Bit nguyn t Y thuc nhm V v trng thi n cht, 2 nguyn t khng phn ng vi nhau. a. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca X v Y. b. T n cht X v cc ha cht cn thit, vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch axit trong X c ha tr cao nht. Bi 9. Hp cht A c cng thc MXx, trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. M l kim loi, X l phi kim chu k 3. Trong ht nhn ca M c s notron nhiu hn s proton l 4; ca X c s notron bng s proton. Tng s proton trong MXx l 58.

Cu to nguyn t - nh lut tun hon Ak2.1

a. Xc nh tn, s khi ca M. b. Vit cu hnh e ca X, xc nh v tr ca n trong bng HTTH Bi 10. Mt kim loi M c s khi bng 54. Tng s cc ht proton, ntron v electron trong ion M 2+ l 78. a. Xc nh M, vit cu hnh e t xc nh v tr ca M trong bng tun hon. b. Vit phng trnh phn ng khi cho MCl2 ln lt tc dng vi: Cl2, Zn, dung dch Ba(OH)2. Bi 11. Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t l R 2O5. Hp cht vi hiro ca nguyn t l cht kh cha 8,82% hiro theo khi lng. l nguyn t no? Bi 12. Cho nguyn t X c Z = 22. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca X, xc nh v tr ca X trong bng tun hon, cho bit loi nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron ca cc ion X 2+ v X4+. Bi 13. Nguyn t ca nguyn t Z c s electron ln hn ca ion natri 6 electron. a. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t v ion ca nguyn t . b. Nguyn t Z thuc loi nguyn t no (s, p hay d)? c. Da vo bng tun hon, nu nhng tnh cht c trng ca nguyn t Z v hp cht ca n. Bi 14. Nguyn t R c tng s ht l 36. Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 12. a. Xc nh R v v tr ca R trong bng tun hon. b. Nguyn t R v ion R2+ ging v khc nhau nh th no v cu to, tnh cht ho hc c bn? Cho v d minh ho. Bi 15. Hai nguyn t A, B thuc 2 chu k lin tip, c th to thnh cc anion A 2- v B2- (u c cu hnh electron ca kh him). S n v in tch ht nhn ca A v B hn km nhau 8 n v. Hy xc nh s hiu nguyn t ca A, B v vit cu hnh electron ca chng. Bi 16. Cho 3 nguyn t A, M, X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng (n = 3) tng ng l: ns 1, ns2p1, ns2p5. a. Hy xc nh v tr ca A, M, X trong bng HTTH b. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng theo s sau: 1. A(OH)m + MXy A1 +.. 2. A1 + A(OH)m A2 (tan)+. 3. A2 + HX + H2O A1 + 4. A1 + HX A3 (tan) Bi 17. Cho hiroxit ca mt kim loi nhm II tc dng va vi dung dch H 2SO4 20% th thu c mt dung dch mui c nng 21,9%. a. Xc nh tn kim loi . b. Vit cu hnh electron ca ion M2+ ca kim loi . Bi 18. Cho 4,4 g mt hn hp hai kim loi nm hai chu k lin tip v u thuc nhm IIA ca bng tun hon tc dng vi HCl d th thu c 3,36 lit kh hiro ( ktc). Xc nh hai kim loi.

B. Phn trc nghim

Cu 1. A v B l 2 nguyn t trong cng mt nhm v hai chu k lin tip ca bng tun hon c tng s n v in tch ht nhn 32. Hai nguyn t v tr no trong bng HTTH ? A. X: chu k 2, nhm II; Y: chu k 3 nhm II B. X: chu k 2, nhm III; Y: chu k 3, nhm III C. X: chu k 2, nhm V; Y: chu k 3 nhm VI D. X: chu k 3, nhm VII; Y: chu k 4, nhm VII. Cu 2. iu khng nh no sau y l sai: A. i t tri sang phi cc nguyn t trong 1 chu k c xp theo chiu nguyn t khi tng B. Xp theo chiu Z tng dn khi i t u n cui chu k C. Cc nguyn t cng 1 chu k u c s lp e bng nhau D. Trong cc chu k ng u l 1 kim loi kim kt thc l 1 kh him. Cu 3. Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c 3e thuc phn lp 3d. Xc nh v tr R trong bng h thng tun hon? A. 23, chu k 4, nhm VB B. 25, chu k 4, nhm VIIB C. 24, chu k 4, nhm VIA D. Tt c sai. Cu 4. Hy xp cc axit sau theo th t tnh axit tng: A. H2SiO3, H3PO4, H2SO4, HClO4 ; B. H2SiO3, H3PO4, HClO4, H2SO4; C. H3PO4, H2SiO3, H2SO4, HClO4; D. Tt c u sai. Cu 5. Tnh cht ho hc cc nguyn t thuc 1 nhm B tng t nhau v: A. Cu to v e ging nhau B. Cu to ht nhn ging nhau C. C e ho tr bng nhau D. C bn knh nguyn t bng nhau. Cu 6. Nguyn t X c Z = 38 thuc chu k no, nhm no trong bng tun hon? A. Chu k 4, nhm IIA B. Chu k 5, nhm IIA C. Chu k 5, nhm IIB D. Chu k 5, nhm IIIA Cu 7. Cho 15 g hn hp A gm Zn v 1 kim loi M ha tr 2 thuc nhm A vo dung dch H 2SO4 long d thot ra 6,72 lit kh (ktc). Nu cho 6 g M vo dung dch axit HCl d th kh thot ra (ktc) nh hn 4 lt. Xc nh M? A. Be B. Mg C. Ca D. Fe. Cu 8. Mnh no ng: A. Trong 1 chu k, theo chiu Z tng, s lp e tng dn, tnh kim loi gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn B. Trong 1 chu k, khi Z tng dn, s lp e tng dn, s khi tng dn, m in tng dn C. Trong 1 chu k, khi Z tng dn, s e lp ngoi cng tng dn, tnh kim loi gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn D. Trong 1 chu k, khi Z tng dn, s e lp ngoi cng tng, nng lng ion ha gim, bn knh nguyn t gim Cu 9. Chn pht biu sai trong cc pht biu sau: 1. Tt c cc nguyn t thuc nhm IA (tr H) u l kim loi 2. Tt c cc nguyn t thuc nhm IVA u l phi kim 3. Tt c cc nguyn t thuc nhm B (phn nhm ph) u l kim loi A. 2, 3 u sai B. 1, 2, 3 u sai C. Ch c 2 sai D. Ch c 3 sai Cu 10. Cho cc nguyn t: B, C, N v S. Nguyn t c ho tr cao nht vi oxi v hiro ln lt bng 6 v 2 l:

Cu to nguyn t - nh lut tun hon Ak2.1

A. B B. N C. C D. S Cu 11. Cho cc nguyn t sau: B, C, N, Al. Nguyn t m oxit cao nht v hiroxit tng ng c tnh axit mnh nht l: A. B B. N C. C D. Al Cu 12. Tm s mnh ng trong s cc mnh sau y: 1. m in l i lng c trng cho kh nng ht e ca nguyn t trong phn t khi tham gia hnh thnh lin kt. m in cng cao tnh kim loi cng mnh. 2. Nhm nguyn t l tp hp cc nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c cng s e ho tr. 3. Chu k l tp hp cc nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c cng s lp e. Trong bng tun, tnh cht ca n cht v hp cht bin i tun hon theo chiu Z tng dn (sau mi chu k). 4. Khi bit s th t ca nguyn t c th vit c cu hnh e, xc nh c v tr v tnh cht c bn ca mt nguyn t. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 13. Nhm nguyn t no c cc hp cht oxit c cng thc chung l X2O3 A. Nhm IIA B. Nhm IIIA C. Nhm IVA D. C B v C ng Cu 14. Nguyn t R c tng s ht c bn trong nguyn t l 34. S khi A v s hiu nguyn t Z ph hp ca R ln lt l: A. 23 v 12 B. 23 v 11 C. 24 v 12 D. 24 v 11 Cu 15. Mt hp cht ACO3 c % khi lng A l 200/7 %. V tr ca A trong bng tun hon l? A. Chu k 4, nhm VI B B. Chu k 4, nhm IIA C. Chu k 3, nhm II A D. Chu k 4, nhm II B Cu 16. Nguyn t nguyn t R c tng s ht mang in v khng mang in l 34. Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 10. K hiu v v tr ca R (chu k, nhm) trong bng tun hon l: A. Na, chu k 3, nhm IA B. Mg, chu k 3, nhm IIA C. F, chu k 2, nhm VIIA D. Ne, chu k 2, nhm VIIIA Cu 17. Nguyn t ca nhng nguyn t trong mt nhm A u c cng s: A. Proton B. Ntron C. Electron lp ngoi cng D. Lp electron Cu 18. Cc nguyn t trong chu k 2 c ho tr cao nht vi oxi: A. Khng i B. Gim dn t 4 - 1 C. Tng dn t 1 - 7 D. Tt c u sai Cu 19. Nguyn t X, Y, Z cng 1 chu k. Oxit ca Y tan vo H 2O c dung dch lm hng qu tm. Oxit ca X tan trong H2O c dung dch lm xanh qu tm. Oxit ca Z tan c trong c axit v kim. Xp theo th t s n v THN tng dn l: A. Z, Y, Z B. Z, X, Y C. X, Z, Y D. Z, Y, X. 25 Cu 20. Nguyn t X c k hiu l: 12 X c tng s e, s n v s e lp ngoi cng ln lt l: A. 12e; 13n; 1e B. 13e; 12n; 1e C. 13e; 12n; 2e D. 12e; 13n; 2e Cu 21. Tng s ht trong nguyn t ca mt nguyn t l 40. Bit s ht n ln hn s ht p l 1. Cho bit nguyn t trn thuc loi nguyn t no? A. Nguyn t s B. Nguyn t p C. Nguyn t d D. Nguyn t f Cu 22. Trong mt nhm A theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn. Ho tr cao nht ca cc nguyn t vi oxi: A. Tng dn t 1-7 B. Tng dn t 1-8 C. Khng i v bng s th t ca nhm. D. Tng ri gim Cu 23. S hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t no trong chu k 4 sau y l nguyn t kim loi: A. 34 B. 26 C. 35 D. 36 Cu 24. Hp cht kh vi H ca nguyn t R l RH4. Oxit cao nht ca R cha %m oxi l 72,73%. Xc nh R? A. R l C B. R l Si C. R l S D. R l P. Cu 25. Chn pht biu sai lin quan n bn knh nguyn t r: A. r (Na) < r (K) B. r (Na) > r (F) C. r (Na) < r (Be) D. r (O) < r (Si) Cu 26. Sp xp theo th t m in tng dn cc nguyn t sau: Na (Z = 11), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), K (Z = 19) A. N < Si < K < Na B. S < K < Na < N C. K < Na < Si < N D. K < Na < N < S Cu 27. Sp xp cc nguyn t sau Mg (Z = 12), Ba (chu k 6, nhm IIA), O, F theo bn knh tng dn A. O < F< Mg < Ba B. F < O < Mg < Ba C. Ba < Mg < O < F D. O < F < Ba < Mg Cu 28. Trong mt chu k ca bng HTTH, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn: A. Tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t tng dn B. Ho tr cao nht ca cc nguyn t i vi oxi tng dn C. Tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t gim dn D. Ho tr ca nguyn t phi kim i vi oxi khng i Cu 29. Chn pht biu sai trong cc pht biu sau: A. Trong cng 1 chu k, nhm VIIA (halogen) c m in ln nht B. m in ca O ln hn S C. Trong cng 1 chu k, m in tng dn t tri qua phi D. Trong cc nguyn t ca cng 1 chu k, m in ca K l nh nht Cu 30. Sp xp cc baz Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2, Ba(OH)2 theo mnh tng dn A. Al(OH)3 < Mg(OH)2 < Ba(OH)2 B. Al(OH)3 < Ba(OH)2 < Mg(OH)2 C. Ba(OH)2 < Mg(OH)2 < Al(OH)3 D. Mg(OH)2 < Ba(OH)2 < Al(OH)3 Cu 31. So snh mnh ca cc axit H 3PO4, H3AsO4, H2SO4. Bit P thuc nhm VA, chu k 3, S thuc nhm VIA chu k 3, As thuc nhm VA, chu k 4. Sp xp cc axit trn theo mnh tng dn . A. H3PO4< H3AsO4< H2SO4 B. H3AsO4< H3PO4< H2SO4 C. H2SO4 < H3AsO4< H3PO4 D. H3PO4< H2SO4< H3AsO4 Cu 32. Chn cc pht biu ng trong cc pht biu sau: 1. Ni nhm VIII nn c 8e lp ngoi cng v c ha tr cao nht i vi O bng 8 2. I c M nh hn Te nn c xp trc Te

Cu to nguyn t - nh lut tun hon Ak2.1

3. Nhm IIA cha nhng nguyn t c tnh cht tng t nhau, u c ha tr 2 4. Cc nguyn t trong cng 1 chu k (hng) c tnh cht tng t A. 1, 2 ng B. 1, 2, 3, 4 u ng C. 3, 4 u ng D. Ch c 3 ng Cu 33. Cho cc nguyn t cng thuc chu k 3: Na, Al v Cl. Cc gi tr bn knh nguyn t ca chng (nm) trong trng hp no sau y l ph hp? A. Na: 0,157; Al: 0,125; Cl: 0,099. B. Al: 0,099; Na: 0,125; Cl: 0,157 C. Na: 0,157; Al: 0,099, Cl: 0,157 D. Al: 0,157; Na: 0,125; Cl: 0,099 Cu 34. Hai nguyn t X, Y c cu hnh e ngoi cng l 3s x v 2p5. Bit phn lp 3s ca hai nguyn t hn km nhau mt electron. V tr ca X, Y trong h thng tun hon c th l: A. X: Chu k 3, nhm IA; Y: Chu k 3, nhm VA B. X: Chu k 3 nhm IIA; Y: Chu k 3, nhmVIIA C. X: Chu k 3, nhm IA; Y: Chu k 3, nhm VIIA D. X: Chu k 3 nhm IA; Y: Chu k 2, nhm VIIA Cu 35. Chn pht biu ng trong cc pht biu sau v bng HTTH 1. Nguyn t thuc phn nhm ph ch c k t chu k 4 2. S electron lp ngoi cng bng s th t ca ct (nhm) i vi cc nguyn t thuc nhm A 3. S lp e bng s th t ca chu k 4. Ha tr tnh i vi H lun lun bng s th t ca nhm A. Ch c 1, 2 ng B. Ch c 3, 4 ng C. Ch c 1, 2, 3 ng D. C 1, 2, 3, 4 ng Cu 36. Chn pht biu khng ng. A. Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng chu k u c s lp e bng nhau. B. Tnh cht ha hc ca cc nguyn t trong chu k khng hon ton ging nhau. C. Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng nhm A c s e lp ngoi cng bng nhau. D. Tnh cht ha hc ca cc nguyn t trong cng nhm bao gi cng ging nhau Cu 37. Chn pht biu ng trong cc pht biu sau: 1. Trong cng mt nhm A, bn knh nguyn t tng u t trn xung di 2. Trong cng 1 chu k, bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t nhm A gim dn t tri qua phi 3. Trong cng 1 chu k, nng lng ion ha th nht lun tng dn 4. Bn knh nguyn t cng ln, m in cng nh A. Ch c 1, 2 ng B. Ch c 2, 3, 4 ng C. 1, 2, 3, 4 u ng D. Ch c 1, 2,3 ng Cu 38. Trong oxit cao nht ca nguyn t X thuc nhm VI A, t l khi lng ca X v oxi bng 2 : 3. Nguyn t X c nguyn t khi bng: A. 40 B. 64 C. 32 D. 24 Cu 39. Trong cc pht biu sau v bng HTTH. Chn pht biu ng. 1.Mi ca bng HTTH ch cha 1 nguyn t. 2. Cc nguyn t c sp xp theo th t M trung bnh tng dn 3. Cc ng v ca cng 1 nguyn t nm trong cng 1 (bng HTTH) 4. Cc nguyn t trong cng 1 hng (chu k) c tnh cht tng t A. Ch c 1, 3 ng B. Ch c 1, 2 ng C. Ch c 3, 4 ng D. 1, 2, 3, 4 u ng Cu 40. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t Z v ha tr cao nht trong hp cht vi O ca nguyn t X cng hng vii Rb (Z = 37) v cng phn nhm vi Ti (Z = 22) A. 40; 2 B. 39; 3 C. 40; 4 D. 41; 3 Cu 41. Nguyn t X thuc chu k 4, nhm III c cu hnh ph hp l: A. [Ar]3s23p2 B. [Ar]3s23p1 C. [Ar]4s23d1 D. [Ar]3d14s2 Cu 42. Ha tr ti a vi oxi ca nguyn t X thuc nhm IIIA, nguyn t Y thuc nhm IIIB ln lt l. A. 3, 3 B. 3, 5 C. 3, 6 D. 5, 5 Cu 43. C 3 nguyn t s p u l 12, s khi ln lt l 24, 25, 26. Chn cu sai. A. Cc nguyn t trn l nhng ng v. B. Cc nguyn t trn u cng 1 nguyn t. C. Chng c s ntron ln lt: 12, 13, 14. D. S th t l 24, 25, 26 trong bng HTTH. Cu 44. Dy cht no sau y c sp xp ng theo th t tnh axit gim dn: A. H2SiO3, HAlO2, H3PO4, H2SO4, HClO4 B. HClO4, H3PO4, H2SO4, HAlO2, H2SiO3 C. HClO4, H2SO4, H3PO4, H2SiO3, HAlO2 D. H2SO4, HClO4, H3PO4, H2SiO3, HAlO2 Cu 45. Cu hnh e ca nguyn t X: 1s22s22p63s23p5. Hp cht vi hidro v oxit cao nht c dng A. HX, X2O7 B. H2X, XO3 C. XH4, XO2 D. H3X, X2O5 Cu 46. Hp cht vi hidro ca nguyn t X c cng thc XH 3. Bit % v khi lng ca oxi trong oxit cao nht ca X l 56,34%. Nguyn t khi ca X l: A. 14 B. 31 C. 32 D. 52 Cu 47. Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t Y l YO3. Trong hp cht vi hidro ca Y, hidro chim 5,88% v khi lng. Y l nguyn t: A. O B. P C. S D. Se Cu 48. Tnh cht hoc i lng vt l no sau y bin thin tun hon theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn: (1) bn knh nguyn t; (2) tng s e; (3) tnh kim loi; (4) tnh ph kim; (5) m in; (6) nguyn t khi A. (1), (2), (5) B. (3), (4), (6) C. (2), (3), (4) D. (1), (3), (4), (5) Cu 49. Trong cng mt nhm A, khi s hiu nguyn t tng dn th: A. Nng lng ion ha gim dn. B. Nguyn t khi gim dn. C. Tnh kim loi gim dn. D. Bn knh nguyn t gim dn. Cu 50. Nguyn t nguyn t X c s n v in tch ht nhn bng 13, s khi bng 27. S electron ho tr l: A. 13 B. 5 C. 3 D. 4