Name:………………………………………………………. Form : ………………..

4551/2
Biology PERSIDANGAN KEBANGSAAN PENGETUA-PENGETUA
Paper 2 SEKOLAH MENENGAH
Sept NEGERI KEDAH DARUL AMAN
2008
1
2 hours
2 PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM 2008

BIOLOGY
PAPER 2
Two hours and thirty minutes

DO NOT OPEN THE TEST PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

1. This paper consists of two sections. Section A, Section B. For Examiner’s Use
Answer all the questions in Section A, any two questions in Full Marks
Section Question
Section B. Marks Obtained
2. Write your answers in the spaces provided for Section A.
1 12
Important steps in calculations must be shown .
3. Write your answers on the separate answer sheets provided
A 2 12
for Section B.
4. Answer Section B in details. You may use equation,
Answer 3 12
diagram, table, graph and other suitable methods to explain all
your answers. questions 4 12
5. Show your working, it may help you to get marks.
6. If you wish to change your answer, neatly cross out the 5 12
answer that you have done. Then write down the new
answer 6 20
7. The diagrams in the questions are not drawn to scale unless
stated. B 7 20
8. Marks allocated for each question or part of the questions
Any
are shown in brackets. 8 20
Two
9. The time suggested to answer Section A is 90 minutes,
Section B is 60 minutes. 9 20
10. The use of a non programmable calculator is permitted.
Total 100

This Question Paper Consists of 20 Printed Pages

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Section A
Bahagian A
[60 marks] / [60 markah]

Answer all questions in this section.

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

1. Diagram 1 shows organelle X and organelle Y in a living cell.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan organel X dan organel Y yang terdapat di dalam sel hidup.

Organelle X Organelle Y
Organel X Organel Y
Diagram 1 / Rajah 1

(a) State the name of the above organelles.

Nyatakan nama bagi organel-organel di atas.

(i) Organelle X :………………………………………………………………………

Organel X

(ii) Organelle Y : ……………………………………………………………………….

Organel Y
[ 2 marks ]

(b) Explain the processes occur in P, Q and R.

Terangkan proses yang berlaku di dalam P, Q dan R.

P : . ………………………………………………………………………………………….

. ………………………………………………………………………………………….

. ………………………………………………………………………………………….

Q: . ………………………………………………………………………………………….

. ………………………………………………………………………………………….

. ………………………………………………………………………………………….

R: . ………………………………………………………………………………………….

. ………………………………………………………………………………………….

. ………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 6 marks ]

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(c) Explain two differences between the processes occur in organelle X and organelle Y
Terangkan dua perbezaan antara proses yang berlaku di dalam organel X dan organel Y

. ……………………………………………….……………………………………………….

. ……………………………………………….……………………………………………….

. ……………………………………………….……………………………………………….

. ……………………………………………….……………………………………………….

. ……………………………………………….……………………………………………….

. ……………………………………………….……………………………………………….

. ……………………………………………….……………………………………………….
[ 4 marks ]

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2. Diagram 2 shows the structure of a plasma membrane.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan struktur membran plasma

Molecule P Molecule Q
X

Diagram 2
Rajah 2

(a) Plasma membrane is a semi permeable membrane and has a fluidity characteristic.
Membran plasma bersifat separa telap dan mempunyai sifat bendalir.

(i) State the meaning of semi-permeable membrane.

Nyatakan maksud membran separa telap.

………………………………………………………………..……..…………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

(ii) Explain the cause that makes the plasma membrane has the fluidity characteristic.
Terangkan apakah yang menyebabkan sifat bendalir pada membran plasma.

……………………………………………………………………………………..………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………….….

………………………………………………………………………………………..……
[2 marks]

(b) Molecule P move across the plasma membrane follow the concentration gradient whereas
molecule Q move across structure X against the concentration gradient.
Molekul P meresap merentasi membran plasma mengikut kecerunan kepekatan manakala
molekul Q bergerak merentasi struktur X menentang kecerunan kepekatan.

(i) Name two examples of molecule P.

Namakan dua contoh bagi molekul P.

………………………………………………………………………………………….….
[1 mark]

(ii) Explain how molecules Q move across structure X.

Terangkan bagaimana molekul Q bergerak merentasi struktur X.

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……………………………………………………………………………….…………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….…….

……………………………………………………………………………………….…….

……………………………………………………………………………………….…….
[3 marks]

(c) Diagram 3 shows the effect of solution X on human blood cells.

50 ml of solution X was added into 10 ml of human blood and left for 45 minutes.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan kesan larutan X ke atas sel darah manusia.
50 ml larutan X ditambah ke dalam 10 ml darah manusia dan ditinggalkan selama 45 minit.

After 45 minutes
without stir it.
5 0 m l s o lu tio n X

Clear solution
Larutan jernih tak
berwarna

1 0 m l b lo o d r e d s e d im e n t
mendapan merah

Diagram 3 / Rajah 3

Diagram 4 shows the effect of solution Y on human blood cells.

50 ml of solution Y was added into 10 ml of human blood and left for 45 minutes.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan kesan larutan X ke atas sel darah manusia.
50 ml larutan Y ditambah ke dalam 10 ml darah manusia dan ditinggalkan selama 45 minit.

After 45 minutes
without stir it.

5 0 m l s o lu tio n Y

Clear red solution

Larutan merah jernih

1 0 m l b lo o d
Diagram 4 / Rajah 4
(i) Use a tick (√) in the correct column to identify solution X and Y
Tandakan (√) dalam petak yang betul untuk mengenalpasti larutan X dan Y.

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Name of the solution Distilled Water 10% Salt solution
Nama larutan Air Suling Larutan garam 10%

Solution X / Larutan X

Solution Y / Larutan Y
[1 mark]

(ii) Explain the effect of solution Y on human blood cells as shown in Diagram 4.
Terangkan kesan larutan Y ke atas sel darah manusia seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[4 marks]

3. Diagram 5 shows the biochemical processes involve molecule K, enzyme L and molecule M occur in
organ X and organ Y.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan proses biokimia yang melibatkan molekul K, enzim L dan molekul M yang

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SULIT
berlaku di dalam organ X dan organ Y.

M u s c le c e lls

O rg a n X O rg a n Y
h e p a tic p o r ta l
v e in

K
M
+ + + ......

E nzym e L
G ly c o g e n
Diagram 5
Rajah 5

(a) (i) Name organ X and organ Y.

Namakan organ X dan organ Y.

Organ X : …………………………………………………………………………….

Organ Y : ………………………………………………………………………….…
[2 marks]

(ii) Name molecule K, molecule M and enzyme L.

Namakan molekul K, molekul M dan Enzim L.

Molecule K / molekul K : ……………………………………………………………..

Molecule M / molekul M : ............................................................................................

Enzyme L / enzim L : ..................................................................................................

[3 marks]

(b) State two characteristics of enzyme L based on Diagram 5.

Nyatakan dua cirri-ciri enzim L berdasarkan Rajah 5.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]

(c) Molecules M are transported from organ Y to muscle cells.

Molekul M diangkut dari Organ Y ke sel-sel otot

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Explain why molecule M is needed in muscle cells.
Terangkan kenapa molekul M diperlukan di dalam sel-sel otot.

…………………………………..……………………………………………………………

………………………………………..………………………………………………………

……………………………………………..…………………………………………………
[3 marks]

(d) Explain the importance of forming glycogen.

Terangkan kepentingan pembentukan glikogen.

…………………………………..……………………………………………………………

…………………………………..……………………………………………………………

…………………………………..……………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

4. Diagram 6 shows the schematic diagram of blood clotting.

Rajah 6 menunjukkan rajah skema pembekuan darah.

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Platelets in contact with

damaged tissue

Platelet bersentuhan
dengan tisu yang cedera

Thrombokinase

Factor X Factor Y

Prothrombin Thrombin

Fibrinogen W

Diagram 6
Rajah 6

(a) Factor X is a vitamin. Factor Y is an ion.

What is factor X and factor Y?
Faktor X ialah sejenis vitamin. Faktor Y ialah sejenis ion.
Apakah faktor X dan faktor Y ?

Factor X / Faktor X : ………………………………………………………………………..

Factor Y / Faktor Y : ………………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks]

(b) Diagram 7 shows the red blood cells are trapped by structure W.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan sel-sel darah merah yang diperangkap oleh struktur W.

Diagram 7
Rajah 7

(i) Name structure W.

Namakan struktur W

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(ii) State a difference between fibrinogen and structure W.

Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara fibrinogen dan struktur W.

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........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(c) State two importance of blood clotting.

Nyatakan dua kepentingan pembekuan darah.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(d) Diagram 8 shows the formation of P due to unhealthy eating habit.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan pembentukan P akibat tabiat pemakanan yang tidak sihat.

Smooth surface
Permukaan licin

Artery wall
Dinding arteri

Diagram 8
Rajah 8

(i) Name the part labelled P.

Namakan bahagian berlabel P

........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain how P is formed.
Terangkan bagaimana P terbentuk.

........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(e) Adam is suffered from a genetic disease. He has problem of blood clotting, his blood takes an
abnormally long time to clot.
Adam menghidap sejenis penyakit genetik. Dia mempunyai masalah pembekuan darah,

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SULIT
darahnya tidak normal dan mengambil masa yang lama untuk beku.

(i) Name the genetic disease suffered by Adam.

Namakan penyakit genetik yang dihidapi oleh Adam.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(ii) State one difference in the blood content between Adam and a normal person.
Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara kandungan darah Adam dan orang normal.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(iii The gene cause this genetic disease is recessive, if it is represented by ‘h’,
) what is the genotype of Adam ?
Gen yang menyebabkan penyakit genetic ini adalah resesif, jika ia diwakili
dengan huruf ‘h’, apakah genotip Adam ?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

5. Table 1 shows three examples of variation between Individual A and Individual B.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan tiga contoh variasi antara individu A dan individu B

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(a) Use a tick (√ ) in the correct boxes to show the type of each variation.
Tandakan (√ ) di dalam petak yang betul untuk menunjukkan jenis bagi setiap variasi.

Individual A Individual B Continuous Discontinuous

variation variation
Variasi Selanjar Variasi tak selanjar

Table 1 / Jadual 1
[3 marks]
(b) State the meaning of variation.
Nyatakan pengertian variasi.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

(c) State two differences between continuous variation and discontinuous variation.
Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara variasi selanjar dengan variasi tak selanjar.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]

(d) Diagram 9 show two varieties of rabbit, Lepus alleni and Lepus articus.
Lepus alleni live in Arizona Desert whereas Lepus articus live in Arctic Tundra.

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Rajah 9 menunjukkan dua jenis arnab, Lepus alleni dan Lepus articus.
Lepus alleni tinggal di Gurun Arizona manakala Lepus articus tinggal di Tundra Artik.

Arizona Desert Lepus alleni Arctic Tundra Lepus articus

Diagram 9 / Rajah 9

(i) State whether the different characteristics between Lepus alleni and Lepus articus
are examples of variation?
Nyatakan samada perbezaan ciri-ciri antara Lepus alleni dengan Lepus articus merupakan
contoh-contoh variasi.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(ii) State the reason for the answer in (d)(i).
Nyatakan sebab bagi jawapan di (d)(i).

.........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(iii) Explain one different characteristics between Lepus alleni and Lepus articus on how to help
them to survive in their respective habitat.
Terangkan satu perbezaan ciri antara Lepus alleni dengan Lepus articus yang dapat
membantu mereka untuk terus hidup dalam habitat masing-masing.

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................
[4 marks]

Section B
Bahagian B
[40 marks] / [40 markah]

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Answer any two questions from this section

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini.

6. (a) Diagram 10 shows two varieties of moth, Biston betularia. One has pale, speckled wings,
whereas the other one of the same species has black wings.
Rajah 10 menunjukkan dua jenis rama-rama, Briston betularia. Satu mempunyai sayap berwarna
pucat dan bertompok, manakala satu lagi dari spesies yang sama mempunyai sayap berwarna
hitam.

Diagram 10 / Rajah 10

Equal numbers of both varieties were released into a bush covered with trees with pale bark. After
two weeks, the population of each variety were estimated using an estimating method.
Satu jumlah yang sama banyak bagi kedua-dua jenis rama-rama di atas telah dilepaskan ke dalam
satu belukar yang diliputi oleh pokok-pokok yang berkulit cerah. Selepas dua minggu, populasi
setiap jenis rama-rama dianggar dengan menggunakan satu kaedah penganggaran.

(i) Predict which variety has higher estimated population.

Ramalkan jenis yang manakah mempunyai populasi anggaran yang lebih tinggi.
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer in (a)(i).
Terangkan jawapan anda di (a)(i).
[2 marks]
(iii) Describe a method on how to estimate the population of moths.
Huraikan satu kaedah bagi menunjukkan bagaimana menganggarkan populasi rama-rama.
[7 marks]

(b) Diagram 11 shows a terrestrial ecosystem.

Rajah 11 menunjukkan satu ekosistem daratan.

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Diagram 11 / Rajah 11

Abiotic components and biotic components affect the growth of plants in Zone A and Zone B.
Komponen abiotik dan biotic mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tumbuhan di Zon A dan Zon B.

(i) Name one abiotic component and one biotic component in Diagram 11
Namakan satu komponen abiotik dan satu komponen biotik dalam Rajah 11
[2 marks]
(ii) Explain how the abiotic component and biotic component in (b)(i) affect the
growth of plants in Zone A and Zone B.
Terangkan bagaimana komponen abiotik dan komponen biotik di(b)(i) mempengaruhi
pertumbuhan tumbuhan di Zon A dan Zon B.
[8 marks]

7. Table 2 shows the analysis of a fast food in a restaurant.

Jadual 2 menunjukkan analisis bagi sejenis makanan segera di sebuah restoran.

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Content of the fast food

Kandungan dalam makanan segera
Excess of mineral salts
Garam mineral berlebihan

Excess of fat
Lemak berlebihan.

Excess of protein
Protein berlebihan

Insufficient fibre
Kekurangan serat

Presence of food preservatives, flavouring and food

colouring.
Kehadiran pengawet makanan, perasa,dan
pewarna makanan.

500 ml soft drink

Excess of sugar in the soft drink.
500 ml minuman ringan
Minuman ringan yang berlebihan gula.

Table 2/ Jadual21

(a) A teenager frequently consumes the fast food for a long period of time.
Remaja sering kali mengambil makanan segera dalam tempoh jangka masa yang panjang.

Explain the effects of consuming the above meal for a long period of time compared to
consuming a balanced diet for the same period of time.
Terangkan kesan pengambilan makanan di atas dalam tempoh jangka masa yang panjang
berbanding dengan pengambilan diet seimbang.
[10 marks]

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(b) Two individuals took two different types of meal. Individual X consumed the meal as shown
in Table 2 and individual Y consumed the meal as shown in Table 3.
Amount of urine produced by individual X and Y is collected after two hours. The result
shows that the amount of urine produced by individual X is less and more concentrated
compared to individual Y.

Explain the differences.

Dua individu mengambil dua jenis hidangan yang berbeza. Individu X mengambil hidangan
seperti dalam Jadual2 di atas manakala individu Y mengambil makanan seperti dalam
Jadual 3 di bawah.
Jumlah air kencing yang dihasilkan oleh individu X dan Y diambil selepas dua jam. Hasilnya
menunjukkan bahawa jumlah air kencing yang dihasilkan oleh indivudu X adalah sedikit dan
lebih pekat berbanding dengan individu Y.

Terangkan perbezaan ini.

Meal consumed by individual Y

Makanan yang diambil oleh Individu Y
Bread
Roti

Fruits
Buah-buahan

Vegetables
Sayur-sayuran

500 ml of milk
500 ml susu

Table 3
Jadual 3

[10 marks]

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8 (a) Diagram 12 shows the profile of two pairs of twins.
Rajah 12 menunjukkan profil dua pasang anak kembar.

 Twin A  Twin B  Twin P  Twin Q

Kembar A Kembar B Kembar P Kembar Q

Diagram 12
Rajah 12

A and B are identical twins whereas P and Q are fraternal twins.

Explain the differences between the two pairs of twins based on the following aspects:
A dan B adalah kembar seiras manakala P dan Q adalah kembar tak seiras.
Terangkan perbezaan di antara dua pasang anak kembar tersebut berdasarkan aspek
berikut :

♦ The formation of the twins

Pembentukan kembar.

♦ Characteristics of the twins

Ciri -ciri anak kembar
[ 4 marks]

(b)
The probability of getting a son or a daughter is the same.
Kebarangkalian untuk mendapat anak lelaki atau anak perempuan adalah sama.

Explain the above statement.

Terangkan kenyataan di atas.
[ 10 marks]
(c) Transfer of genes or DNA from an organism to another organism plays an important role in
genetic engineering.
Explain how this method is used to produce insulin.
Pemindahan gen atau DNA dari satu organisma ke satu organisma yang lain memainkan
peranan yang penting dalam kejuruteraan genetik.
Terangkan bagaimana kaedah ini digunakan untuk menghasilkan hormon insulin.
[ 6 marks ]

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9. Diagram 13 shows the development of human zygote.
Rajah 13 menunjukkan perkembangan zigot manusia.

Diagram
13 / Rajah 13
Fallopian Tube
(a) Describe the processes which occurred from P to Q .
Huraikan proses-proses yang berlaku dari P ke Q.
[4 marks]
two cells stage

(b)
Pregnant women are advised not to smoke and avoid from
drugs and alcohol.
Wanita hamil dinasihatkan supaya tidak merokok dan
Q mengelakkan diri dari najis dadah dan alkohol.

Explain the above statement. P

Terang kenyataan di atas.
[6 marks]

(c) Mrs. Ali is a married woman, she has a problem to get pregnant.
Diagram 14 shows two laboratory methods which may help Mr. Ali and Mrs. Ali to have
their own child.
Pn. Ali telah lama berkahwin, beliau mempunyai masalah untuk hamil.
Rajah 14 menunjukkan dua kaedah makmal yang mungkin boleh membantu En. Ali dan
Pn. Ali untuk mendapatkan anak sendiri.

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M r . A li M r s . A li M adam X

Im p la n ta tio n Im p la n ta tio n

M e th o d M e th o d
A B

Z y g o te
Diagram 14 / Rajah 14

(i) Explain under what type of condition Method A can be used to help Mr. and Mrs. Ali.
Terangkan dalam keadaan yang bagaimanakah Kaedah A dapat membantu En. Ali
dan isterinya.
[5 marks]
(ii) Discuss the role of Madam X in Method B and the issue may arise.
Bincangkan peranan Puan X dalam Kaedah B dan isu yang mungkin timbul.
[5 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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