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    30 views1,691 pages

    SolTermMorShap5 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Kadir Gonzalez

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 1691

    CERONE

    'GETTING STARTED:
    INTRODUCTORY
    CONCEPTS AND
    DEFINITIONS

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    volu..w. e<.:V't'Ur~~liAJ +0 I.),: PIPe.. J we. +~iLA I<. of #1e slope ct "'5fYtU~(.,.t llll\~ JO\~\V\~ -\'lA.e a.clJ A..cewf- +abl s+rUes J ~s fa tlows :

    (()..) A+

    tA.

    be+weev.

    1.r:: 0.2275

    MJ/I"d

    ,L
    I

    _~_

    - - - v - - - t - - - - - + - - - - + - - - + p) /'I, Pa..
    I.S
    t. (J)

    s iW\ j Jar /Yia.nCj les :

    v - 0.1 '-l'e3

    slope:
    I

    o "2 21 S' -

    1.5 -1.25

    ':

    0.1 Co{ 8.3


    !

    I. 'S -( ,0

    : 0./870,
    (~)

    (02
    S )
    ~~o (D.2.27S-0.tCf8~

    v:o.,&l83+

    v.

    /'d "

    (~)

    0.. fr~$su.re ~ r. 5 M pc... +~e ~\veV\ 5peC.~~ t<. volv..VVle tA- O. \5 'SS "t\'\31 ~ ~u.s
    ~e-1w(.ell\ ~ +t.t~\.e, Vo..\""es )o~ 2."10 o..~ 2&OOC. To de,J.e'f'\'V'.\~e .}~e +~~e(l;\fu,re.

    At-

    co'(es(>o~I."'~

    Sff-cMq ~ hwe.

    -k? ~(l.~\V(M

    ~\,ec..L~lc v~lu..V\I\e) \.Ve. ~\IA.k. ~.-tke slore o~ ~

    ~O\~I.V\J ft-te. ~l(A.c.e",*

    ~Wes) ~~

    fo.ll)l-e

    .foHows:

    (0.1(,,'2'1 ~ "2.80)

    2.80

    T- 2l.1 0

    ope:: .-/'SS's-.t4ei:'

    5
    {

    21./0

    ~ -,- = 21.10 + [./555 -.1"183 ](If'O)

    .... _ t ' ...

    eo -Z'IO .
    .1"Z-1-.('I8~
    2.

    liP],,; - .f'tt33

    (., '183 )240)

    (b)

    .1'1

    .1"- .n

    .IS

    V;

    W\1/1,

    (c) J'Vl..f11.tS case, ttt(l Sfec.;:fledp(e$S(.Lr'ef-~lIs hefweeVl. fhe.fa.ble va.lua ~ 1.0


    and 1. s f.-tP~ tAV'd -I--ke. specj"fie&{ f"t,VMoper"fuYe.. fo,U~ "'eff..ue~", -kte. ~1oi-4L values
    6f 200 "V'dZ4o<l:(:. -rvuis) double '-Vtl-erl'0la-tc.oll\. is \"""e~u.(,y.e,d .

    Ai- Z2..0oc,J -fiL


    over &

    speCttLc. Vol.u.t1'\e
    lV\ftKv~:

    ~tJ.OMP~J220C,; 1.r:.

    et-t

    I, 5' IfII.P~) 2-2-19 c.

    1itus,

    l.\)~.J1A &-

    "U" - O.I'fO"f

    I.S - 1.4

    :.

    So.t1Ite

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    2..0(,0 -4 \

    pressu.re!! is St~P':1 ~e. ~v~e.

    2.'2- 7 S

    Z.
    .'3~S"".1'f83

    2.

    a-pproa.e4 c:l~ tilt

    0.2/'"7 S - D./ 'toll


    J, s -/.0

    ==-> 1.T

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    :'OI2.IfD'1SWt3/~
    :. O. f40(j WI

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    I

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    =D.llfatj +l~:~

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    :. o.l'SSu,7 ~3/~.

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    -Ie_pet'"A""",,~e.

    t!A..

    fo-tls

    Of 1:2-0C) fhA... spec..'/led. ~ ~ ~f S4-Jbf/l'i1~


    VALuer 4 50 A6\d co lltr//""'.2. 70 tie-k~IM..4~
    110 Iv~
    CJ:Drr~.rfond...V\, -+0 54 Ibf I itl'~1 l.vc. +k..t:"1<,. er{

    be,"""M'" -the.. -t6-h/e

    s pec.~'c.

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    stY"'D-(J~i

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    .A.411\C,.

    4:i\,.<:!J ~te~i'

    -f"'-t.

    -rIA. ~

    .s+A1#'S/

    .f:,llows :

    dl..S

    1/: 7./10
    I

    I
    I

    I
    I

    L _ _",-1 _

    50

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    \slopel

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    -s","

    ~o

    Ilof/i~~ ) +"'e "J '...el'\ sp~c.."(., "ol\JW\~ of


    ~.'ltL.f-t3/lb ~Lls betwp~~ -tlo,.e +II-b/e V4l14eJ' of-n.o A...d 140 OF, To
    ue fer ~'II\c... -t he of e w.p-er''''' +ut'~ C4 v,,~ J po""- o:!A' "j 1:0 -tk.o j; ve V\ 'S'peQ.&':Ac;.
    "l)l~~ t tI-I~ +hi~t::. 0 ~ +""-- ~loF-c of c...... <t'Tr~'Ski -A.thC. jOIM""J ~
    A+

    0....

    f,esrure. of bO

    o.cL3 A C'e lo'\.i

    ..N-A.+e.t, ~

    TAble

    fol(o",,-,S:
    ('.'7.)140)

    14\0

    I
    Slope:

    ~"'I

    (c)

    J'",

    "'' ' '.$

    VAluef

    ~IIS

    S.ct

    C:QSe....J

    of

    A"'c:i

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    a.""cl

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    betw .. eVl -+'- +",4,'c
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    re'f v ..~ed.

    ,;0

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    llt'\-

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    s&

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    ~

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    ~

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    ,"0 _

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    6.1

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    = '.Il- S.~11
    5,I18Z -S.sq 1

    I
    I
    ..1

    (&,.t"ll&O) , _ _,

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    ,"0 -

    S'1>

    '1-:. S' ffl'

    +~

    [,.lfTl- r:=t=I'1]

    = C, 0 ' ) "f3flb
    1-/5

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    'PROC3LEJ.1 L.31>JC
    \

    ( G:AS
    \

    . Fro~ +~ ~esSOfe ~ specifi'- volu,me. re.la.t IOY\

    m -:. Sk9

    ,
    I

    I 3

    l' u . :. coV\s+.

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    ,,
    I

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    J 'U'.

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    (JL) ~I :(~) I~(


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    0.8

    ...
    ('\l

    0.6

    .0
    I

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    0.2

    0
    V-m

    2.5

    1.5

    0.5

    PR06LEM l. 32

    V\'\ :

    I'
    I

    GAS

    \
    ".:

    ........... -

    I lb

    'V" = coost.
    'f'

    ., 'I

    PI :. 20 lbf/iVl ~ '/, -:.


    Pz.:. 100 1~.f/i~2.

    '0 .f.I.

    100

    n = 1.0
    n=1.2
    -8- n
    1.3
    ---- n=1A
    -Tr--B-

    80

    OJ

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    :e

    60

    a-

    40

    20

    0
    0

    6
    V-ft"

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    11

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    PRO f3LtM /.3 3>Jf

    ---

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    1~ VI =J,5'"#.'J
    P1- :: 100 llof!i-

    Wli-("O~t \It

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    ,he pre-ssure- volume

    v.-- la.h(,11 i~

    r :
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    (l,S-~.S') .f..fJ

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    PROBLeM 1.34

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    I
    I

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    (10')

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    plot A.laov~. Tk.... ~O(VI'Mc:. e.c"'MS~I'\~''''j fo p=. '3J,~
    co.~ ~ ob-J-t,...c~~cl S:1~pl'1 US ..\, +t....t slope of t-<-.:. ~fM.\1L-..* ...-It'\I\e.

    Fof"

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    ,.... V: 05 La

    G.o-o.~) L
    ~I,O-V)
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    PROBLEM /.3S
    T"'U""'Od~~"""'(

    1-2:

    1\ .,,- - - - - - - j

    ~A$

    I
    I

    I
    I

    2-3
    ~_ I

    Fiy\...t ofl

    /-2. )

    p-w:>c.l!JS

    "?

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    d.ttf"

    cOI1~ta,., i:

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    1----"

    ..1._____

    p V:

    eyel e.!

    P=
    V,,-

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    CO""

    = O. '1.. kit3

    V > Vi. ((>'lCpev.St'o",))

    "3 ~ '.0",,", 3

    hit t

    p V:: (ons+4"t. The co..... d ...'" +


    s+,.k I

    GA.'"

    b-e

    ev,,/VA

    kcl

    p V=- c..CH' ~ ~ '" t


    :.

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    p=co~ ..ri-

    """_""""""

    -A'(!) PJ= 5"b#..r


    'Ii -: I J1-\ ~

    0.8

    0."

    t.o

    Palm

    Gas at

    = lO\.3JkP~

    y=,3.SOa
    ~=q.e,

    (a.)

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    p - ~.Iw1
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    - (/~. sq jIcWtJ)C' 5/ tl/s'-)

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    \ "p~

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    :: 2CfYl.

    (bJ ~G..9t. = f-~I-M =lOt.{.O-IOI.33:: )..fp11&~4;

    I
    ") 1,..,.e

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    L

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    f ~ ::

    ftl 'i/2.

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    PROP.>L~M I. 3B~

    r1rtc.C

    = F:c~ - fAhs
    :.9i~~O~Sgk~~c

    1-20

    ~~

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    $"&00 :t

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    II-t.o

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    L : 2D

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    1",~

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    93eA
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    :: 1.0 I + .Z"l9" = 1.27"" bar. ~<_ _
    fecf,s,A :: 1~~",6 + 'Se.,<Z",A

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    II 10>I bGlr
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    PRoBLEM ,.43
    , = <f.81

    WI

    Is

    ~"""J = I<. ><J

    A= 7, 8'1<10- 3 ~l.

    F.r Tlte

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    0\1'\

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    Plltol1 ;.5 ~1UAI fo +he W4..l'VL1.i- of"'~
    pl ......s +l.t~ force. e~-er~(j h::J~ Ahll...S'f/.tu~ o~i-k-tep

    +k...

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    line

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    w!o\e"e

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    Air
    supply

    x=o-

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    I
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    (Ctn-Jt'd )

    PROBLEM 1.4/ 3

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    q. e 1/s 2.

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    0

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    w~4vr aM.d -Hu.. dDwt'\ wcwd ~e e; cdm~sl'~~ric, f~Sf>U~ &JIl #jz su~~

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    3

    iOl>O)C3)(SO)] m

    =-(QQe.2)(12.500) :. I.ZSX{O '1 k.J

    1kus

    F~mv = Wl9 ::.O.2S'X(07"5){qB(M/f)~)


    Pal

    Or

    -'II k~

    I N

    Icj.",,(~ ~

    r;a~ ASJ
    IA'\'Ci(~

    e,

    I, 22(,}<IOS + j.t:;' xl 0 5 =- ft,./U X'D S' ~IJ<

    af

    L ..

    .fie C/l-Lt -le

    fro

    (f).Cig

    ID

    1=1.22"X(05~tJ

    bar)(loo)(So))')1~ l'OSIJ/~1[~
    Lf9X{os/dJ
    I ~(U-.
    -'0 3 Nt - .

    e,
    M

    F+oi-,
    I h4! de p-Ut

    0+ ~ pt>o (

    ish;:l ~ . 5

    WI.

    F-tot

    -rkus

    r=r~+g9h
    t
    1'00
    It.
    k~ )
    Y!l)
    I tJ
    ':.\rJ.qg bClr) I ba.~ +\..tttt82.;;"3 (q$ sz. (~.5""'11 kt;'M(S~

    krltl

    1-2 '3

    III N/~-aI=1\2;{
    :
    103

    kPG\.

    L/x:: si'V\
    X
    o
    00

    L.

    = S,Vt&

    X>L

    i tt\ cll~1I\ e{

    ~ives <jrutle,r

    storM

    ~~r

    re.so1uhoY(

    ~e

    $ ::. (,2.1. lb/.A 3


    ~ -= 32.2

    fe ('

    tyla. r\ ome

    +\--1 s2.

    1-2~

    PROBlElJl

    \4-7

    (o.,.sidef" -the. vOt"ic:Lt\oV\ of pr~uu.fe-. CW'''''j +0 -t~ Ilffee.t of


    ljro-II'"to
    FiI,... e:t"1
    e.lc.W\e...i:
    ~
    Q",
    V\Ach'o"1 I~SJ
    9A ,s Of" I <'tjv,d. J -tl.\.e foruJ a.c.+''''' o..",,~ +t- fof"Cc.l

    0;

    PM ""u.Y'c..

    -tt.......

    0","

    Up ret"""

    l0

    o..lI\.c:I

    Df +'- i'1 ~klN\.~

    l.Ue

    rCAt"

    fo.c.-e J

    0.."" cL

    +~

    UJ.Q..I,.,f,..;t-

    ~ p(ZHJ2.)A
    Z-MZ

    Bt
    ~~

    z.

    J_ _
    p{z.) A

    o ': p(2. +.oc) A.


    f\'\ ....

    -T

    W\.

    d- -

    p(z) A

    J> V

    ': /[AAZ]
    [AodZ]

    -e,

    p(l.f6l) -

    ,C7..) = -.i-

    At

    (A)

    AfVl4Osehefe,
    it\$.".~d"':'

    i.s

    'Z.

    '=

    Po

    El' C*>

    ~ 0) p'=- Po

    7''''S'~t''f\'''a

    \j::'

    l-

    ,whel"'C

    ~f'11'-4-

    e,t

    ((4oM..))

    lc:. ....""''''' v~

    o'v;", d-

    ,.i'l.s

    ~ Q,~--

    P -:. ~

    e.p ( -

    ..,kc,,",

    'Z...o ....... k

    (_~.'J1."/.s2.)(Z.I<"")I,oa""II...!.!::!. tol)
    72 +35" ~
    'J

    Th...:s

    c/'P

    K~P(-)

    p=

    w~e""

    :rf

    1r

    t'c\Q,-f\OI'\.s~ IS

    ~~

    """'j'K;;

    skowl'\

    IIJ;,:J

    ""'Is

    z:

    ~ Z Ie. ) ,
    ~

    R e-b(- O,I~S z)
    o

    ~ -f1-.. o..C'C-D-r It "''t''IIt,

    1-25

    Flot,

    0.8
    0.6
    E

    +-'

    ~
    0-

    004

    0.2
    0
    2

    10

    z(km)

    ClI) OC~AI"I.

    Le ....l-;I"\, ~ G= - z, ) dU\A)i~

    ~=

    u.pth..)

    E1' (~) r~Ad S

    clZ

    '\r

    p: ~)~ -+ K
    Wka",

    -t":. u)

    , ':.

    (I~ h-)

    Po

    l1...t~~I1\':1 \c:...... u.M \I~ ~..,....

    p-=- Po +
    ': p()ol-

    ( C1 .Cl _/S'a..)
    [

    ~)ivilf\ dP w:

    f::

    (~) Z -+ Po .

    cd""" '-'L..A .....

    Z(,,~) 1'03 """ , I~t~

    O..,S'-"/O-3

    ~Sl-=~"j';

    ...

    ~ ~~

    II~)

    /.OI3ZSfJO S ..., ... 'l. I",;*7(L1

    "

    101.3 Z

    200
    160

    120

    0-

    80
    40
    0
    0

    0.5

    "z(km)
    1-2(,

    1.5

    PRO aLE. M 1. "I 8

    FoY" +"'-e ~q,s ilA +~e fC\.\I\k.) +kz. p-V-T refo.fi.o&i is

    f
    V\a+uV'~(

    SolvIV\9 i:.E-era..+lvel'j

    qas
    ,

    "- 'M ::.1000

    = [( S.IB>((O-3)

    we. 1et

    k.~

    Qnol

    T/(V-

    toY'

    "'lJ'"

    = o.ooee

    o.oo.z""B)] -

    IDOO

    '&

    od: P = IOoba.Yj T::2SSk

    YY)3//<.tj

    V = m 1J"':: e. B 4 fVI.3 4
    The follow/~~ flols CdI'! be. C-t'nsrrucfed

    a.M

    ces, XI6~/v

    ~r ..,.. =250.1

    s oo,

    k. :

    1000
    800

    ---B-

    ---tr-'C'

    ---8-

    600

    T = 250 K
    T=500 K
    T = 1000 K

    (\l

    ..c
    c..
    ~

    400
    200
    0
    0.02

    0.04

    0.06

    0.08

    0.1

    v (m3 /kg)

    PROBLEM 1.4'/
    Fov:

    ft-te. waJev- VCt-po(' IVl fIAt +()..t\Iz..)+he p-v-Tr"'e/a.+LoVt i-s

    p =[(O.S~5'1)T/{tr-O.2.708)Jwke.re

    V'

    i.s iV\

    .f+JII~ J Tt~ iV\ 01<.) ~H.d

    SolVt~q i+e.ra}l;"elfj
    \

    fp3.3C,/1J&'

    for'" ir ai:

    P is

    /~ /J"fl t i-t "Z..

    p=ISOO Ibfl,~2.J r=-LllfOR,

    we.qet
    1T=O.b8{P .Pf'ilh
    -rk.u..s) wif-k tke.9"VeM v~ .f.oy V
    m ::: V/17 :. 82.3/0.b86> : 12-0 110ft{
    Tke CoUOWt'lI\1 plo-k co-lI'1. be

    COI1Sfrud-ed

    l"IOO J/l900T<.:

    +oof
    .

    5000
    4000

    ---B-

    ---tr-~

    ---8-

    3000

    T= 1200
    T = 1400R
    T= 1600
    0R

    0R

    i;;

    :9

    c..

    2000
    1000
    O-+-r--r-"'T"""""T-,.--r-r--r--r--r-r-,-,-.....,..-,........,....,.......f

    0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

    1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

    v (fP/lb)

    I-Zi

    T =12.00)

    PROr;LE.~

    \.50

    Palm

    2. F (1) :

    P~a.s A - ~fMA -

    S9 LA =0

    Manometer
    liquid

    r~:.s~L.

    :,,. 2.4 ~,) (32.2


    \:

    /+

    = 0.D3"1

    !::

    , H~:

    =t>
    Hz-O :

    /3. Stt

    32..2

    '''f

    Ib.~lsf.

    l/gfli",2-...
    ~

    ~!iP

    1""'.0

    ~~e.:: 13.'S~ (D,03r",)

    Do

    0.4',

    l~fll"'1.~

    ~~~:. $, L
    :.

    ~O)O ~ )(q.S' ~ lCo.o, ~)


    tt\'
    -I(

    : '1.BI XtO

    H,:

    4.)(
    ~ I-~1
    s

    .f"'3 :

    's

    'N

    ''"I. m/ s a

    ba.f"S4f-4

    ---F~

    /3. S~ Stla..o

    ~ Pj~(L

    ::.

    /3.Sct (tl.SO(lD-Cf) :: ().t),3J3 b~,...s.~

    1-28

    --I-T,~

    PROI;LEI-1 /.5'
    ~.1.Z.2

    UStit\q

    T(Or)
    (at )

    T (0e.)

    I. t3 T(Oc) + 32

    =2 1

    T{OF) =(1.8)(2/)+-32- =&&1.8


    r(OR) : T(OF)
    (b)

    ,(DC)

    + I.fSq. h 7 :.

    52'1. If 7

    ~":lO

    T (CP) ::: (t. B)( -LtO ) f 32 = -40


    T( PR) =-'10 f- lf59.h7 :
    (c)

    L{(CLCo1

    ,(oc) = 50 0

    ,(PF) :: (1.8)($00)+32 :: q3~


    T (01<.) = q3~ -t "15ft./; 1 ~ l ?liL<Ol
    (it)

    T("C.):: 0
    r(fJF) ::(/.S)( 0

    -r (DR,)
    (e)

    )+32:: 3:>..

    :: 3~ -f '1St'J.67 -= 4C\,Llo 1

    T(OC)::' 100

    ,(OF) :: CI.8)(loo)
    T{R.) ':: 2/2

    (f)

    + 3Z

    + I.f5Cf(,1

    =-;2/2

    ::: &'1/.

    b1

    /(0(,)=-273.15

    I (OF)

    = (I. 8)(-2.73.15) -1-32

    ::.-459.'7

    T{OR) :. - 45'<1, fo1 4- 'I: Sq.' 7 :: 0

    1-2'1

    Tt'C) -= T ( of)
    /.6

    _ 3 '2.
    18

    = T{OF} _ I 1:'7-8
    Ie

    -r.e - IT.78
    ~<Z

    "T( O() :.

    T( K):'
    (\0)

    T(Op):

    20

    -::. ao

    + 27,.IS ~

    -40

    -(T.TS

    Ig

    =-L{O
    = ~~3.1S'

    T(tc):: -totO'" 2.7'3-.'S

    T(OP):; SoO

    T{0C.)-=

    ~-17'Ta,:~CoO

    i.e.

    T t: ~ ') ~:~~o-(o
    ld")

    \5"

    -40

    T(o,")::

    (()

    ;l.Q3.

    2.7'3 .,

    s:. S3:t ~ S"

    T(OF): 0
    o - IT. 18
    'fe

    - '7.78

    -11'.78-+ bl3.i;f:. 2SS'.'37

    ~l").
    /. ~

    -1'=1.7-1':

    lOO

    \00 + '2.'7'). IS" :: ~/3.1S"

    T(OC):.

    4~-b7 -1'1. 1-8 -=. - 273.JS


    1--0

    1-30

    PJ2D6lE.~

    t. S:3

    r; (DC) :. [Tz.(0(. ) +2p6S] - [ Tj (DC) +2}Ki5] = T 2 (K) - -r, (k)


    Tz { IPF) -7; (OF) :: [Tz { OF) +-~1] - [r. (OF) .,.1-~1] = TZ(DR) - T,{D~)

    T:& ( C) -

    PROt3Lc~

    1.51.J

    t~e.. e~~re~slO'V\

    -\1>..

    Lr(

    R ~ Ro ~'lCr

    ("e~\.~ to..lA.<:.e. is

    *-+0)1

    3-r--------------.,

    v,)h(.r~

    Ro = 2.4.n. (l.~ To: 310


    5lhet. R: O.3lA a.t T= ~2.Z.K
    ..31 ~ C~.1. ) e.\CP
    ~7.. - ~o)]
    ~O~Vl~tj fo.r ~

    [r (

    ~: (~ ~.3:t)..)
    -41.2

    2.5

    l(

    I
    ~

    1.5

    :ll8l'>.'l K

    3\0

    0.5

    Thus
    R:. 2.2. ~)(P

    0---t--r""""""'r-;-T-r-r-..,....,-r-r-;.....,.......,.,--.r-........,......---,--,-""""""'"
    250
    300
    350
    400
    450
    500

    l2-2ee., (-+ - ire))

    T (K)

    PROI'3LEVl I.S?

    From +l,e
    T COF)

    51.39
    51.72

    '0 =3:l

    T::.

    '3'J.0 p

    <.:

    F',"\,~Uy R": S\:~C1 (l+ s~t~~~\O-s (T -1:l)]


    I R':. Sl.~~<O + 2.0\"'2.'l.)(' (0-'\'
    T ~ 4 Clc..Cil (R - st. '1 "2. Co)

    ~= Rc:>[I+~(T-To)]

    Lt.-/:.

    at.

    SI.aq :. R. [I + o(3"l"'~~)J 1<0:' 51.3'..n


    A+ T=\q~F'.) R. :: 5/.72. Th.u.s
    -s
    51.'12. :: 5/.3tj [1+ -\q(o..sJ.) 1 ~ 0( =319(SS')(~O

    R (0)

    Test 1
    Test 2

    c1~

    T(R:S'l.ti1) '::,

    l(.(gF

    ( l=)~
    T

    ...c.~~---

    PRO 8LEM J. 5"

    U Sl~~

    E%.

    1.2.2.}

    TA

    :=

    T(OF) :::'/. '8 r{Dc) .,.. 3 Z. ro'l' T(DF) = -r(Dc.)


    '"

    1.9 T

    1ft k :

    := -4 0

    +-

    T"
    "c: ...4,......--------------=--

    + 213./5

    = r{ IP F ) f

    ~F ~

    T{k) = T(oc)

    T((l.)

    :=

    :::. -40 +2-73.IS ::::. 235.IS<J~-----::.~.

    &.JSCJ .(,1 ~ -40+ '15'.{,1:: 4Iq,"1~~

    1-3/

    ~.

    PROBLEM 1.51
    FV"or1'1 .,....e da.~C4...1 flte

    yela./-(oa.\.

    Clt.&I\

    T(Os) :: (300 -ISO) T(oe)


    }Oo -

    b~ e>cp~~d as

    + ISO t

    = 1.5
    Or

    iee. ) ::

    Us ,"1;\, fkis

    T(DC) + I so
    i(DS) -ISO
    ....:....;:........;;.~-
    I. 5

    re.la+l.~

    T :: I 00 DS

    -;>

    r= LJ 00 ~ -::>

    100

    3;$. 3 3 4)C ...


    olIII!r ------'----.:~
    I".b 7

    c <EI..~--_--!~

    Fro'h\ E1"1,, I OJ
    T(CS) :. /.5 [TO<}-213.IS] +/50

    Thu5 J +-he ra:/-iD

    of the s iz e

    ~ +~

    os +0 fhe kelv;1I\ is

    I" 5 S/k <J

    OS/I<

    PRoBLEM is e

    T=W1><+h
    W~ r e """ c4 T'- slop-e..
    Wke"

    )l-=.

    ACCor~"'n/~ "'e~ ~t"''-~''~

    To:. -

    b is

    +t-.....

    VA{U<,

    O.

    II'tU"l"A-h'O""

    (8Fli~.)(3il?) -i- 68F

    :: 44F

    o..""d,

    +L..n",:>k+~

    .
    UJ ..

    1l 14

    C
    ERTWO
    ENERGY AND THE
    FIRST LAW OF
    THERMODYNAMICS

    PROBLE.~

    '2. I
    AY"\. Q.~+O""",oloile.. of
    v loc.N1 +0 a.1'\D"~er.

    kNOWN:

    F/tJQ"

    'Dej.c.,."""",,,,,c

    l<t'\.oOlIo#l'\

    W\At{

    a ccelerv-res -fY-o,.., a.. ~iv-eVl

    evte.v-,':J

    +""-0. , ... 'hM Ic.,'..,eh'c..

    0."'_

    +~

    c:...Lv.V\.~c. 1'.....

    \<ll1eh'(. ~...,e"'~d-'

    SCH"Mn'Tl<'
    W\ :. '2.00

    Go IIIEN

    1>1'\'7A:

    \C.,

    ""i = SO tl:.w.I"'"\1"2 :

    (00

    t<:w../ It..

    ASS'~Ml>l'IO~S~

    (1.11\4 t:,'kfOhc..
    AfVAL.YSI t:

    is +t-t c.loSed
    +0 -t~ JLo~d.

    (.1) .,.~ A""+U""",ololl~

    c.t'\ef',,'~!

    ",rc. relAtiVe.

    Ik.t.. ,'"",h'M tc:.iVleh'c.

    1M. ~"L
    I<E, ..., J..
    2-

    = "i (IZDOtC~) (

    e""e V'~

    ,,~ 't.. I03,.,,/t~


    GO
    ) 131000 / 11 )

    ~I

    (AS tvW"p h'

    T'- c.~~ ' -

    --sf

    t '- Lv;.. .- V,"'-J

    ~ ~(I~OO) [C!OO)~- ("")~J I ~ I~ I ;:;1


    -:: 3 4 T

    1< ::J

    2.- ,

    IJ'

    Ie J

    ~l1et-fc.. ~.,..~ ~

    l<Et. -l<E l ':

    ~ 2)

    IO'S""'~t I:~'-I,~I
    I

    IIS:1- "I I<. ~

    :::

    "YS'~lN\.

    KE,

    PROe>LE~ ?..1~

    ~:
    <elo.hve.

    AY\ o~~et.t & kt\o(J.)~

    MasS

    +0 -If,.e. su.rfft.u of -H1e eartk.

    .EllilD.: 'DeterMi~(l ~r(l\Ji'\-a+io~(4l


    SC 1l-I.1,L1,Tlc.

    \~ loUll~J at a. sfed~\tet elevo.ttcrn

    FY\+ia.( eV\er~~ of ~ l>,.j~d-.

    ,~ "'" "" '100 Ie: 9

    G-11Il:N "DA1A:

    Af>5UMPTIQNS: (I) 'The objt.ct


    is 0.. ClDS~ stjste:M.. (2.) Tha. de cdenLti..o" of 9r<l.vit~ i~ C.Oi\stoMt.

    -r-,'
    ~~'
    I'
    '

    9 ::.q.'lB'fI\/s2.

    1.= 2SM

    ,//.r

    t'{~(/

    &JAL'i~IS: The. ~n.c.vH~o.+\oV\o.l fOte,'A'h~ e~ef~~,

    fE.. ::

    M~

    is

    NIl'" 'kf'J'
    kJ'"

    :: (l{ook~)(q.12 ~,"X2S W\) k.'\Wl/


    I N ~,., 1\ \000
    Ik N
    ~ q]~f'~

    V'I\ '

    ~:r .c.~~'------------..;...~

    p~oe ",eM Z.3 -At

    I<NOWN: AVl obj<Z.c,t of known We(~\..1 u.J1.~e('~oe.s A s,ecif,eJ CktU'1e


    k'iV\e.+-i.c. ene.rS~ whi le 1~ 'P0tev1tled ell\e.V'~C1 i\l\o(.w-se-s.

    FINQ: Det~(M\"'(' -the

    SCW-eMA:TlC

    AS~QMPIlD~ ~

    +l""d velocl+~ .

    &lVAJ DAiA:

    IHJ4l.'fSI~ '. 1he. CWl.\I\.tj<L ~'" k\.~(Z..-\-l.c.. eV\e-f'~~ i.s

    <D

    b~e. = i

    'M('J'";, Z

    Th.u.s ) ~C>\V\V\1 ~ \f";.

    'r.."" J

    _~ 1.)

    d.V\.cl

    2:10

    :1 (- SOD

    (100

    its-

    3"::. 32:~4+/~'l.
    " V ; = l.{O HIs

    ~ clo~t! s~s\-(.W\.

    !\te. obj<Z.(,t is

    "111

    "

    ...

    oIo4~(,.t 6"E - - 500 .f+.lbf

    teo lb-e.:: W\ ~
    W\ ~ (loo (b~)
    1;2':l (b~" I~ leo lb
    (::Cjr,,>/ -::

    \\I\sev+l.V-j v()ltAU ~"et

    l'l::l.."l. ~(~ \)
    fA.

    I I b~ ,

    L.t-l-I:d (OV\"e.~JOV\

    Wo\<)V'"

    + '"',.
    +l--Ibf

    \b)

    = 35.1 $' His .a

    'I;,

    Z-'J,.,

    KNOW N.: A P<IC;k. ~ \c.V\O(.OV\ \fo\,u.W\i\e.. ~~ J.eV\'bi-hJ


    dec(eClSQ.. \11\ ~'(C)..,,\ta.ho~l f0teV\tiwl ~V\e.('C3'j.

    EIN p:

    ~ 'Ve.Vl
    V:.;)...S'>< 3.S'x: ~ \",,3

    e.xpene.V\ces

    Q..

    :a
    -,.:_,' _' // ,,=

    1>e te.r",i 1I\l!. the cl-lo."'3 e illl e. Ie v o..t io11\

    C,
    ...... -,

    StHE.MATlC ~ Gr\VN "bATA:

    fISSUM eTlON5 ~ (I) The bl"'l ck.i.s 0.. c..loseol


    S'j s+ew\. (2.) "The Q,Cc.e 1e.r-a,flO\.\ of- ~ rtUf\t~
    \5 toV\sto..Y\T. (:~) 1W.d.eV\si'-h:i of ~ 'oDl~
    is u,\I\\~orVV\ -tl\t"ou.~hol.tt.

    ANAtYS lS :

    It C-t'3 '\

    V-::'(2.S\"')(3.S\~)(<'\Y\) \~) ''''~

    =3-:1.0 ~tl s

    Afl! ::.- SOD .f!I-.l~

    =- O.O~o)~tf

    120 II:> 1f,+3

    3
    1//

    '/

    II I'

    \3~se.cl o vv ClSSU."""?~\'o""'\ ('3)

    '(\'\ = ~V ::. (llO\\>1-9-\-3 )(O.03 01g H

    :::.

    3. CD 5'"( b

    The. dAar\~~ '''' POte,\f1,+lC\,\ eV\ef9~ o.Y\A -t\A.e. e\'e"a.tio~ o..re r-e\a-+e& bj
    Ape.. -=- 'M~ A~
    Thl.lS I so\vL'L<\9 -tor Ai:.
    ~l. e,

    6'PE.
    ~

    ( - SDO .(!.\-- \ loT )


    ..

    - (3.l. S \b)( 3;;\,0 ~'~7.)

    : - l"s ~ .f+..<;~

    , 32.2 lb. f+/S2.1


    ~

    \ Ibf
    -..;;......;;;;...
    Az

    PROBLEM 25
    a 14;.0 ~bll~

    An

    IqOQwtY;

    KI'\OI.NI'\

    elcvcdl'0Vl.

    -trAve I~

    be+e"'''''''''''''t t"'-t c.kA."\j('

    fyoWl

    pote~-h'lI-( ell\e"~7.

    2. "tJG'" '1)1\711 ..

    'SCH"U'"A"tK.

    ASSV1'1PT10....,~:

    ,,~

    c.l~wcL

    '2.. ~

    "1~.""'"

    A NAL.'S' ~:

    Tho(

    K~OU1V\ we.I''1kt

    of

    As sho""",

    Cc.cce\e't'4"o,,"

    TN c..&..-" e

    VV\J

    CrUA"" ""t1

    ~""O"""'"

    il'\S'4VWlo'\.j

    l,~,.t- .. c..... ""'.-hC".,) T~ av..+U~~I'k.

    ~.f

    ~ AQGC)S "'-&J<ci
    vo..l""e,J

    A fE ":. ~bOO

    (.oV\~fA"t:.

    ,rA,v,'Je, ts
    ~#II e rj ':J

    I..... poi-t .... -h,...t

    ~ +~

    llaf)( 1..ooo.f+).:-

    1;:2.

    ;~ +~

    v.)

    v~k.c~

    w-e..c':J1A..f. ThMs.l

    ...-------/!pc.

    ~/O'" .ft Ibf

    PRor3LE.M 2."-tc.
    I

    '-'

    KNOWN:

    An object

    0+ k.vU?l,O)'\ MA.$S
    e, k.VlOW"
    i1o.(

    otec.e~eY{1,-fes fY"0"M o: ~\.ve.J,\ I",i+l~(


    v~loc..dCj ,

    ve.loc.ii<{ to
    oft
    EINP~ ])e.fe,V'WlI"'e ~e CIf.1a.k~e.. ,"", k&iAef.ic. eV\er"~~ of +~ l)loj~c.+.
    sc HM4nc t

    Gr\VE;A,)

    J--- -

    -,
    t

    : 1000
    I
    1_

    PA.:1A:

    l~1 :
    I

    \J7:: lOO m{s


    \tz. = 2.0 \"Ills

    __ I

    is ~ closed 5~S.f.e.t"'\.
    The clttat1tj e il!\ /c.,IAe+ic. e,Yle.('~Cj is

    AS5UMPnOIJ: TJ,.e obiecl-

    AAJM.,'1Sf~:

    A kE::. m (\1";,2_ v; ~ J
    rr\serh'li\, lc..vlo(,V~ "(;LUtes a.~ UJJ,1ve-..-flVtj lA.lltifs
    A kF ::. 1

    .U

    2.

    (IOOO~) [

    J.o"J. - lOO -;a.

    2-4

    J '!!l.~
    ~:z.

    I~

    l N
    1 k~.mfs2.

    lO~N'YV\1

    PRO?>LeM Z.r

    KN oWN: AV\ a.\'l"p\a.V\e. E)~ k~owY\ mA.SS f lie.s W\-\-V\ ~ ~\"eV\ ve\o(,i~ o:t ~
    lJl'lei\ ec.l titlAAe., ho-l'h Yl1e.a.surru( re\cc.+,ve 10 iWz. su:('f~ o.e +l\e e.a.rtk.
    FIND.. c.a.lc~.daAe. (Co.) W k'\A~HG (kV\el "ofe:V'\~e~r~ie.sof &. ~\rpla.V\e)4w::l.
    (h) ~ tiV\Q.L ve.\o~r\~ -to~ a.. ~\V(.V\ cho..V\9e. '\1\ k\\l\ehc.. e'lle('~~.
    SCHEMA ile. i GC\Vt::N bA-TA :

    'M=SOOO~

    AS5UM PTlON5:0) the~;rpla.Y\e.i5if

    'l7::. '50 ml s

    clDse~ s<j~+em.(2.)~ Clcce.le.ratlDV\ Df


    ~ V"ClVlt\f \S (,oVlS1t:t.IA.+. ('3):1'11\ 1'0-" (.10')

    ~exe. is V\o cWtY\qe. l\l\ e.leva-tlOIl\.. '

    AKe~ 'lO~oOO

    A-NAi..'I~'S ~(~rT"e \"~~+LG ey\e,r<a~ is

    KE.,':.

    ::.q.'18 rvals'4

    .1.2. 'M r:
    ~
    '4, 2. '=- j;z. (5000 ~) (150Z ) W\
    $2-'

    k..-:r

    NI

    1 Ie.T
    -O:3~1~.mls~ \0 N'M
    J

    ':: Sb l 5 2 0 k.J'"<

    KE,

    Tht ~ra."it~hOf\D-l pc*eV\ntM e.\')eV'~ tl is

    yE. ~ 'h\~ '!.

    l\') The. cl\o.n~e. \V\


    cities bj

    IN

    :: (5000 ",)('\ ;'18V'tl~")Clc)ooom) - - I ~'W\(S"

    (,,... '2.
    ~ -

    -fo, 'h,2.o.vv1

    v:"2.:.
    ).

    2 AKe.
    YV\

    \,...
    \I

    2.)

    (.(jnV~M\",~ lA.V\r\-s

    V"': 2.

    +\

    2. ( \0,000 k"S) II

    ::.

    lO'3NV\I\

    k'Vl~+\c,e,V\er~~'l~ Y'~\o:\eA -to ~e..lV1,+,a.\C&~ .fLIAC4l velo-

    At.E. :. 2.. ~ ..

    ~s) so\vlVt1

    l~

    (5000

    bj)

    ~.Ml&l.ll 0
    ,N
    \

    N'M.I
    k'j'

    USC )

    'M'2.

    Si-

    : z. b S 00 '('1,2/tf.~
    I

    \[''2.. ::. lb2.B

    W\ls~c

    2-5

    PROBLEM 2.8

    AV\ objec.t

    KNOWN:

    o~ kV\ot,UV\

    moves

    V'14SS

    wi+'" a.. ~ive",

    ve,loc;+~.

    f'~P: J)efeV"w,,~e. (().) +~ f,iActi veloc.t-l-lJ ~ 0.. f'lV~1i\ cka~e. ;11\ kill1e.J.lc.
    eV1~(,~~) (A.~(b) the. C~Ctt\,~ itA eleva.fioll\ for Q. ~l"elft c~Y\5~ i""

    pote."~l~ e~er~ ~.

    ~~eMAr11C

    S G-I "EN 04rA:

    A5SUMPDON'5: (I)

    The ohjecl- is a.. C/DSuR

    sCjs+em .(2.) ,He o..cceleY"o:ftoil\ ~ ~YQVi"'!1

    is

    C.O\lt.s-r(A..J1.t".

    (~)

    The. clttaVl9e. ;1It "ti1e+ic. eYle}'-~~ ~


    f,VlO.l v~locl+ ies b:J

    AtJAl'lS:

    AKE.

    ih.o.~, solv,iA9
    \ r- .:
    \J J.

    = ~ ~ ['f"z.~v;1.1

    .for- +~ fiLWJ vd,oetlj

    J 2 6k'e
    \,..V\"\'"

    2..

    ([)

    2-

    V ,

    l~serh~ Vtt.lLtes

    \r __
    v_

    v:.

    and converflV\[J (,tfl,tts UCLC,.d'~(Jl~

    (2) (-IDO .f.J-.lbf)


    (\ \ b )

    :. ss. 7 #/s

    132.2.

    lb..f+IS'Z.1
    I 11o~

    'DO

    +l-z,
    -

    s 2.

    f b) The c1Aa.nqe ;11\ poIeJllf,a.{ evaer1':1 is r~aAe& to +he clA4K,e. "1;\


    e/evttnoli\ b~

    APE. :: vn.9..62

    -rku-s J +ke e-ka lIt,e. i '" e.\eva.h~ is


    /12

    = ~PE
    W\j
    =

    (I t> 0
    (I

    #. 11:,+)

    11,)( 3 Z.O f+ls 2 )

    :. 100.(,

    .f4- ..

    1 3 2 . 2 lb. U{ ~ '&.1
    I

    \bf
    Ai!

    I. The V~'6"i.~ o(ec....~es I a.s e)(pecfet;(.


    2... -tue elev(.Lnolo\ IVtCV"ea.seS J a~ e'ilpflCkJ.

    2-"

    kNOW N.: At/\ object of tv\OWt'\ W\lA.SS tA.cce.lera.+es froM 4.. ~ i veY\ l\~)rtia.(
    "e.loci.~ +0 A. ~ ive\l\ f,/A(1.\ ve.loc.i.ftt due -fo ~ ~tlOY\ of 0- rnsul ttA.k.t force.
    E.lbrn~

    'De-rey"vy\\ne. ~ l,OOrk. done b'j -tke.

    SC.\-\'E.MA-Tlc.

    t (1' 'leN pArA:

    "'e.su.lta.~t

    force.

    m::~~

    v:

    ::~oO W\ls

    \l';. :500 Mis


    AssuMPTLONS: 0) The o~jec+ is

    is ~ 0\'\\'3

    dosed. s~s+e.Y\I\. (2) Ike resu.(~t -force.


    \wte,('o..c+\'oV\ hetwe.ell\ -tke. obJect 0.."" its su,rrou.V\d\~9s.
    0..

    ~AL\{~l~: B~ :a.S~UMp-h.O\l\(2.))-tite. wor~ of +k "("e.su.l-fo..~; force l\.UJ.~+ ~u.a.1


    1Vu.t~" U.SlVt~ E'6' l.b

    --tiAe oo""je tv\ K\V\e.+k, eY\e.rg'j.

    <D

    work :

    M( 'r1.'1.- V"'; 2.)


    ",

    ~ i(').k~)(SOO"t.-:tOO'?)Ts.1 IN
    , k~M/s2.

    ::. 2 \ 0

    k.:r~<

    work.

    "-l~ e+\.c.. e,Y\e.rg ~ of the. cl, j e.ct is -f{.e re~(A,l t o"f


    eV\er(j4 -rrtlVlSfeVVd -to if b~ +he. work of -rhe. resu.I~IA..+ -force.

    I. The.

    i"c. r~e.\ V\

    ~::....:....:.::...

    '--~

    fROP.>LE.M

    ct.l 0

    KNOWN: AV\object of kY\o\.Un M6..~S

    untkrgces'l.clAo..V\qe of k.,~e+i(,eY\e']M
    clue10 ike o..ctlov\ of o: Y'e~uJtQ.tA.+ force., 1V\e f1'it1a( vet oc..ii1j o..'Ae-{ i~e worK.
    clo~e. by ~ (orc..e. ctrrl. ~\;'e,V\.,

    FINO:

    'De-\env\\V\e. the \V'\\tiQ.(

    SCHEMA-IKe

    it

    "e,\oc.i~,

    &lV6N J)ATA ~

    ASSUMPrloN$ = (1) The ob~ecl is o, ~os~ s~s~. (2.) T\:leve. l> no cMa.li\tje i4i\
    elevt4tov\. (3) The. resuJ-tlAtA.t -forc.e tt +~e. only l",teY"~+wV\ beiw(.eV\ tl\:e
    olojec,t o..vvA \15 SUX'fOu,~"'~s.,
    Q.s~<"uvlpho~ (3)" 1l\e. work. of tke. resulta..-t -fott:e mu.3t e~wtl
    1ke.c.Wl.W\~e. \11\ ~l"'e.tk,eV\eft3~ ~5) tls:\i1~ E(,2.,=,
    ANAi.'1:>IS ~

    'By

    i'M (v; -v: 2.)

    work. =
    'I.

    Solvl~ for \f; ')

    -c:
    :. _
    \

    --

    2.

    \\A5erh,-,g vtM(,tes)a~ COhVe.v+lIA9 \.AH.i.+s

    2. W ....
    W\

    v-: 2z.

    2. (\ OD 1O\u.)

    C3~\b)

    = 2.'3 '3
    J

    ()O

    #{cs'2.

    or

    CD

    ~ :: IS2,Cq
    I.

    .f+l $OlIII!!:E.......----------------~

    The \~creo..se.

    'W\

    ve.\oc.~fy reflech.~ l"'(,rett~e.

    ,V\

    k.1Metic,e\e~~

    tk object Cc"s a.. ruult of elt1er9Y +mllls.(!eYY"e& ~ j~ b~

    or-

    \fe.su.(to.wI- force.,

    of
    -the work..

    'P~O'B(..6 1'1\

    2./1

    KNOWN:
    .~:

    +"-Q. ...

    Do.+Q",. Arc

    <.c..)

    Oot~'"

    prov,'ded

    APPf'op...,'A.k

    A.

    cL,",~-s~~cl -f";Jw"'~e./,

    +Or i'''''-

    -c)'p"".U.O .... ..r

    J;.l""e-h'(.. eJ\e"",y . (b) u's,,,,, ,ivr"" c:L..~ J


    IM.AS.r
    f-- "" slu./ f''Ye.c..'''~el. Cc:)

    .,..""", /liA.d.iv~

    of

    II\;\AtJ'

    Q.",d

    ,'..,~rM'""

    o.J'\q

    d. ft>r...-'",c.. t"'- ICI"'~ h '<.. ~"'~V"!1~


    Ufl ....j
    t'~Se.tlt.t f t - pAr-r(Io) dd.""",",,''''e.

    o.[v""",,'Io\V""""

    0.1'\

    1'\00\0"'""'" t

    f/yWK4'e.1.

    scHtMATIC g GIVE..:> DA7'A:

    S -\ope

    +1'1

    htoe./ :

    t.v

    w~300o

    AI

    R=

    RPM
    0.38.-

    w ':

    O,o-z.S""",

    v......;"'.......

    .flj wJ,Pt'

    = 3000

    W':

    ASSVMPI/OI\J~.

    Th~ fl.:jwJ,t't'1

    I,

    +0 +"""'- ~l'j wM"el


    A""A L 'rSI s:

    ,.

    o,O"Z.S~

    &.? t4.

    c..los~d

    S'1..sfelM,

    2"

    Mon'o",\

    I'S

    reIA~'V~

    .sTYIIC tv-re,

    S"'1'fod

    (~) "a.lu.a.n~ ~ 'MoOM~vX

    I:

    ~ PWI

    of iV\e'f"na.

    Sv_I ~ r"&.dV

    Fer fh( c1'sk. J dV:: ~2"l:r r,h'') w, 'Thtts J 5'~ce r '\$ c.o~tu.t
    I : f (2"tt') W o r 3 d. v:
    ~ n w R. 4/ /'2.
    ~
    ~ ...
    ~l------.::::..

    The. b'~e..tlC. e.Y\e'i"~~

    ke. ~
    o..~cA. V

    2.

    kE. ':.

    c: w

    ~V"''Z.) d V

    So

    SR ( !!

    .. .i
    =

    (i

    VO l

    \s

    y-z"e,.L)3.) (.z.1\ rciY"')W

    C>

    Se~ r l e:tv:

    ~ .V 'Z. ('l.~) W

    -k. (~K ~\'Jw~


    ,----------'
    ..
    :c

    :.
    CD)

    1 I W

    fro"'" 7~A-lq
    ~-..st

    I=

    2..

    1_

    .oliIwofF--------"--'--------

    f..t

    cLCIl S

    II-t

    sf-eel CoO

    J= 80GOlCfJ/Wt~

    kE

    TlM.cs J

    Acc.orcL,....

    n)
    K E ::

    w'1.::

    "i.("., J<,'

    1.) ( 3000

    1M

    ' : :...

    2 7t rAcl{/
    1)2../ 1"-3 j
    1~
    ~
    lr:,~'Sl.
    1 ........

    .....
    .....

    ': 32.57~/04 N'IfA,

    ((.)

    -rf
    t:A.t

    f<.E. o..t~ -t- Sc:lwtc. foot" -tl....t


    1w~ s+u.l fl a~~-e I
    W

    JW

    a.lV"'.41t'lV_

    )Q.>'\.l

    ~E)AL

    (l<.)

    0/ w ~4 )Al- ~
    ~

    (JR 4 ) AL

    f',Wk -e.ef

    ST

    ~'t) ,.

    (7t pvv

    = LI ~4) ST
    '/4

    RAI-

    ~ ~"L)

    WI'~ J>AL. ~"""" 7o-U.tA-l'1) PAt...'=-

    RST
    2.1'C10 1<./W13
    .!.

    7?AL =.

    (e 06 0) ~(Q.36~)
    d-1'OQ

    z: O. S

    W\'=-

    fV:

    {J

    C. W

    t')I'\.;

    ....::-4~-------!..;1<At..

    7t R. 't.J

    :: (2.1-0 0

    = 53 O(

    (c:::

    )( D.01.S,",,) (It)

    d-

    ).-10

    ( ~.s--)?.
    ~--a-----_

    KE:

    KNOWH:

    ~V\ ()b~~ct ot ~y\o(J-)V\ 'M(.\'Z>S \N\ove.s o..lo~ o: s-\To;\~"':t b\.-\e W\+~ ~

    kr\.Ow~ "e-loc.~+~.

    FI N'b '. DeteIf'M\'V\e. +"-e. ro...ho\l\(l.\ sree.J!. e-t- 0..


    \<\V\e,nc.. <tV\e,Y"tj'j \s, ~~ \11\ M~W\'''\-'uAe -\0 ~

    3 C:r\VE:.N

    5C\feM.tVT\C.

    "DA-TA:.
    ~: \0

    ,- - - --I
    I
    I

    -h---.+

    ft~uJ~ee.\ w'o.ose. Y'oro.+lO~


    O\'~e.(,tl~ h'V\tar b.~e,Hc:, ~",er~!1.

    f"; :)

    \b

    ~:: \00

    KE obi

    "Is

    \J.-----;',r

    'l

    ob~(l.ct

    \:~w

    KE f w

    :r: :: l50

    ....L

    lb. ~"L

    T~ oloj<tc.-+ a.~ -t~e. ~l~w~ee' o..~ "'bo}h C\DSeJ. ~\is~W\$.


    'ihe k\~<2J\.c.- e,V\er~'1 ot -tWl. o'ojS!.d' is

    ASsUMpnQtJ : (\)

    k~A-L.'1!:l'S_:

    KE.o\)"

    ~ \r '4

    U .. 1
    -

    :z.. (10

    For +~e.. t-~~w'-'..e.e.-\ (See. fhe.

    ke.f.w
    tv =
    IV\

    =.

    i. I . W

    j?- k~tvJ

    .f:t'2.1

    lb) (\00 ) S2
    so\,u.n61A.

    -\0

    32 . '2

    lL,f

    \b.t+I&~ = 1553 i+.. l~f

    \I,-o'o\eM 2.

    II )

    2-

    e,

    1..( J553

    .f+.. lbf)

    132.2

    ('so lb. ~+,.,)

    lb. f.+ls'"
    l

    \10+

    :: 25.82..-k
    -te.('f\1.Ci ~+ Rp)..i\
    W

    =-

    (25'.8'2..
    '\'

    t) lye-VI
    .;2 TC

    bas 1
    M

    lk

    2Llfo,~

    Yev/'(n\'II\rlC
    .,~~--~

    KNOWN'. Two objects ~,,\ tree\<j l,\.1I\~r

    -tke SO-Me.
    Flt{D:

    ,~itl(M

    e-leVtt+lOV\.

    S\'\Ot,D ~t ~ YV\o...?Y\"+\.llk~

    usr befor~ ,",e'1 St i ke

    ~CbteM.f\TlC

    ($ \

    ~e.

    ea.rttA.,

    VEN PkIA '.

    #te. ,V\~~ af ~r(JlVl+.j froM ~sta.~

    oof -tWL ve,l,,(,C+je~


    ~Vl'11

    T~-

    CA.f'e.

    ,.~.~~
    :

    ~~

    a.t fW2.. Wl.O~t

    M'2.

    ........

    AllSUf'\P1tOtJS : C') An o~Je(,t 'VIi .free. -ft.tvl is ~ c-losd. S~stt,M .0-) -rk lAccelemttoJ\
    of ~r()"\ll~ ',s coV\sto.""t. (~) "Tke~ is W) a.ffed of ~~ (,e-SisttA.V\Ce. eLf) The on~
    force. o.ctiL"~ l S +k.cU cJ..w.. it> 'j ra.v i ~ .

    ANALX$I$'. forOoV\ c'~iect..ftt(,{,.iI\~ ~l~ CA.~tkr title.. 1i.1-kA.ell\Ge of ~,...a.vi~ ~E12.1,1

    o..pr l ' e5

    For ~:O

    YY\

    v:. 1.) + Yn ~ ('Zl.- ~,)

    =0

    ~~ &1.:.0

    i ~\(z.
    Th.,u.~

    (\r1.'Z..-

    \f;.

    2.

    :.

    'M9 'Z.J

    = J2. 9 -a "

    S\~<:.e. -rke. fined veloc'\'\-~ cloesv{t. o.eDeV\cA

    &Y\, M((.SSI

    bo+h objects

    W\\'\ ~a..ve \cXe.V\"\\(,(k.\ ve\Dc.\tie.s a.t +trte. M.o~e\.\,t ~u.f>" before. -t\1e.&j
    ~T~\\.ct ~e ~~.

    2-\2.

    PROBLEM Z.It+
    KNOU)N.~ Itv\ oloje.e...t of known '\'\'\At;.} \S pro~e.c..t~ lJ.fwo..\'"Cl 1To\'\"\ +ke. ~lC.r~ce.
    of t\'\e e.a..Y"t\.\, wi+~ (X. IGV\.o~V\ iV1i+io.l ve.loc.\tj. "The 011\\'1 force. o.d-\&,,~ on +~

    object is -tt.\e tof"c.e of grl1V l +~ .

    E..lbl:b.: ~\ot +~e \le\oC:l~ ~f +~e ot>jec+ versus eleva.+Lor\ o.~tA c,te-re.rt'\'\\"'e. ~
    e\eVa.tloV\ w~eV\ its veloc\+y '(e.a.c\Aes aero.
    (~) \f;.::o

    5C.WeMM"lG iL l$r\vav M-T'A-'.

    z,

    A5~UMPiION s: ll) The. DIoJec.+ L~ ~ ctos-eJ


    S~S-\t.M. (z.) The o.cc.elero.t~O'\A of gnv'\'!:t \'-s
    GOt\Sw.wt.(~J T\1e D~ for~ ~oh~~ O~ iW2,
    ob j<l.Ct is ike. .force ~ro..v l t~.

    ~ =. 3\. S ft/s 2
    ~ =. 200 .ft{$

    m = So lh

    / / ( (

    / r

    ~AL'fSlS: S1Vlce,ihe. o~l'j ~ce. o.cf-l~g ern, +t-tQ. \o~ ~ tke. .foyce of camvi~)

    6::r. '2:.l9 ()..?ph~s.


    c.o"Wr\t \G'\'. ~

    ThU.~) ,","e. ve1o(,d'~

    o..V\.tt eJevo.h:o~ o.m. rela.tetA -totwi- \Y\rt~

    i~\j2+f9~ '" l~-.r;2.+~V~o

    Th.u5) ~o lv \~9

    fOY" 'r

    ~ :. J
    Whe.~

    -r;

    2. -

    1.~ %. ~~

    :. ~2. -=-

    2.f>o2.

    ~PY'~S<j;lOv\ ~ V-

    ----.:.~~~~
    \V\ terMS of Z

    v;. =-0 ) t2. is


    l
    2..

    20
    J

    ftts2.

    1, C~,.S *lSl.)

    f \ 01 h nq ,""Q. CA.\.>O\l. \"Q.lo.+io ""5~~


    200

    160
    ~

    120

    80

    40

    0
    0

    100

    200

    300

    400
    z (tt)

    500

    600

    700

    P~D6LE.t--t

    l.J 5

    ~ ='1.0\ 'Ml$2.

    Y\'\9

    6KE.:: -

    V~

    5oJ" :. -SoNV\'\

    ASSUMfT IO~S ~ (I) The block is lA. clDsed s~sre.m. ~) The o..cce\era.,+L9Y\ of
    <\ro..vi~ is coV\sta.~+. (3) -rl-\e force Ris CDnsto..wt-. ('t) 'V\efe. is V\E) tri.c,+\oro.\

    '1"0('c.e. betwuV\ 1'iAe. block (X~et ttAe lV\ c\ \~e.

    ANAL'/Sl$: B~~v\y\\"'9 \A)~t~ E~. ~-f.:,

    JE'cl~

    FroVh

    +ke,

    ilkE.

    tv-ee, bOliJj &j~(ctM ) -t~e dot Vf"o&-u.ct f &$ au\


    . 42 ::. (1<. - VV\~ 5\1A 30 ) d S

    btl. -e.~p(essed.

    ttS

    So

    J (R $2-

    'M<j s\v\ Boo')cls '::. h\(E..

    5,

    Not IV\~ -\-V\a.~ W'\'?l ~\V\ ~OO os:. W\~ A1." the. \ V\te~("'()..l \oe (.()t\1eS

    R As

    :: b)(E..

    m<jA~

    E:\Ja.lCAeth~ ~ ~S
    ~"f

    3 '(\"\

    As == CS \11\.
    '"3
    : ' S \11\ ':>0 : bVV\
    c:J>
    0

    -r\w.s

    fZ:.

    (-.so ~.~)

    (10 k.<j )('\.B1

    m}S?')(3W\)

    (to"",)

    :. liO.'12 N(
    The \,osi'+\ve. value eteV\ote~ ,""a..t the. cl\\'"ec.tlOV\

    on tvL

    liN" ~'Y\1/S2.1

    ~\oo"e. t\~UX'e.

    .2-11/'

    It
    .~ ~e. So..m-e. t~ i V\a\CAtu.(

    PROt3Lct"1

    2..I"~

    lS~OWN: 13e~iK 1-1 i1\9

    .froM Ye.s+, aV\d o~j ed of kVlow,. Ya..s.s s / idt!.s doiov:


    ().l'\ il1c.1i""ee( pla.ne. The ..eeV\~fh 0+ ~ ramp is ~lveV\.
    FINP: 'Dete.Yrnllo\e the. veloc'l+~ of +lAe ob!ec+- ok the. bo#Orvl of +ke V'6-~.
    SCHeMA-TIC

    II

    C,IIIW l)ATA:

    m:. :lOO

    9::Q.81

    2, -

    O~

    (<'9

    Wi/5

    (o ...

    'f;=o

    .......

    .,

    _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _......c::...--...;:::..:io1'~

    ~
    :z.

    Vi.

    &SSUMfTlONS: (I) The rntc.ss is t:t closed S~S~M. (2) f~ is no ft-k+ioV\


    be+W~V\ +ke mass and +ke. ro-mp ~ ~
    res;s+a.If1ce i,5 ne31i{fllole.
    (3) The A.cce/emtioll\ Df- tjrfLvi+y is UJYIS+o.Kt.

    a.w-

    13 ~ t<.sSu.Mpf-iD~ (2.} > +l-te onlt-j +OV-Ce ~-hVtj O~ the .s~&-kY\'\


    is t-ltte force ~l'Qvi~o Thus) Et. ~.IY ~litZ

    ANA-l'lSlS:

    '*'

    iy((~~;f~)+ ~j(~z-~')

    <D

    =0

    SolV'l Y\j for \1';,


    \('2,. :: j-2-~-(-r.-,--e,-z.-)

    From i-ri90Vlome+ri" Y"~I~+lD)'\.s\ttlpS

    2. - 'i!z.

    :: (10 rn) sc""" (.(0

    TkttS

    v;. = J2 (Q.131 m/s~)(lOm)


    :: 1I.J.3

    SI'" 40

    mts ....r ---_ _.---

    2-15

    Vi

    PRoBLEM
    ""~ow~~
    v~loe..'

    2.

    11sl;J..,u ~~ ~

    Abo,,"

    o.r\: +k ~p of T~ A.4.~ f

    ft-tA'"'""f'
    ().""-t

    """'_u

    ,,~

    0-1

    "T~

    T~ he)' o.""c:i. ,'~


    j~o~fvJ I'.' 4l&0

    I\#.-,

    S'~c.r'od .

    FtNO',

    At
    ~'"

    (." ~ ~~ ~e.t
    ~ l'C.#1.'CIY' ) d e \c("~~ +~ v-toc.;+, of- -tf,.... Ju""
    -t~ b~~
    {I.... I\.tv-r a~u ~ ~ ~ ~ 'l:ck.t-n'c.. AM.':! ~-k""Y1'o-t
    -{w ffM I:u~. (b) Dd~~""",~ t .... Co ~"'3 ~.s a...: /c;',I't e hc. Q. .... cL

    fr'tq

    '1

    PQ{t ""

    u. ~3 ~
    fi...l /Q..o 'Y i lo.t '" fw-,' toh"", t.4 a cl1 11\ ~ a "d +'- ve-Lo (,4,'Tf
    ~ -tt-. IoA~ 1{tv ~ lA ~. Ce~o--u I..~ ~,.u.ou...U\
    fArt (4).

    Sct+fMA"lL~ ~ ~In..,

    'bt\7A:

    1/--;---

    10o,," ts -r"< doHd $.'1 s-kIM. ,. T", PA.~ftle.,/I5Ib(~, 3.~ ..('C .. I"("Q"'~".f 4j~A\I:'*"t ~ '32.oftli':

    As-.SUM,P"ONS',

    is

    AIVAI.. 'r~ IS:


    ~'1s-kIMJ

    (")

    ,. T~4t.

    "l'V'" ~~ o.bs.... l1c ~

    i\"lc,t..,,u\,,\j

    0f

    A~J resul

    ftl'cn'''''''J E'j. Z..C1

    mVl+

    ('~cLuc.eJ'

    force-

    ~c +i II\~

    (10.).1

    01'\

    ~"c~o..,

    +"'-a...

    ,.
    'Ie

    41----

    ::

    whet"-e\'" +~c .... {v"c.ho"," 0'( ~t ) t"-' r-o+t"h-t -e.",.eJa c~ t...: ~.~
    cs, H" ~ ~ tG. --.( Aoo? UC +el"~"'t" 4 I.M fAd (4) ~ -1'2.4. t ft Ihf Tf Ve :. C\+tls J
    t~ t~"(st ~ ",~'\(h'c. t.1oUY'~ ~ SWlAII~(" il'\ \MA,III4+v.cle,:

    (b)

    -lve~-"\t,,'l.J ~ \. l ;z.sl.) Lt'l -kls)l.- (1ft /S] 1'l~~~~ Hll'" 1~ 2.1.-\HI~f


    "'j"'i",~ c,. '2.'1)
    dec~A.4-e.. w.: r-Hkh".,..t -e ~OG' -.. .: -tlM.1'

    ~KE. ~

    {:

    Re..[e'l"iV-j
    Cl>-le.

    CA",

    0f~ b o )(

    fht

    eotCCOUll\+-ecl

    0.1'\.1

    (..UOl-Ic.

    ~r ~ -\e.fl/\A'O I1f~

    . . . . cteASt"

    ~ ov-e(c.e~.e fy-.c..n'(M.

    w.

    ~1~C. 1l~N'

    PR06LEM l.\8

    KNPWN: A ":>\js+em of k.no(,U(\ m(A.s.s~V\ot e, ~ \.Vf.,V\ \V\it ia.l veloC::\'+~ ex-periences 0.. Ct:>V1~-ttl.r\t cle.ce\e.rahc>V\ due to tlt\e. CA.C.tlOV\ o~ A. r~su.lttA.k.+ -forte a.ne.t

    comes to

    re~t_

    .E.lliJ..D: 'Determ\he. -H-te leY\~"", of tt~ ~e

    r_x__
    //

    ASSUMP,ION5: (\)

    co\1S-ta.V\.t.

    tor-ce. is Ckpplted a~ -the. work. .

    __

    ~~_~

    /1'

    "('I

    "f

    ,he 5\jstem 'LS GlE>~e.~.(2.) !he. horiz.oV\+a1 o\ecelera.+/o\ll

    MtAL'I'SrS: To ~\~lA -the tiMe. J use


    c.o~sftA,lo\ t..) tlS .fo llDWS

    the .f1A.ct thAt

    i-s

    t~e C\C.celertx.ho" i.,s

    - d;
    ax::. aV~ _~ <A'T -~)( +

    'V;.
    t-z.
    tA'( :: J a..xdt

    SV';

    - 0

    ~-~:. ~xAt

    or

    At::.

    lhe

    \J...)Or'k.

    - \f7
    -

    ::.

    E- ,l.{o WItS)
    C d,m(s'2.)

    of *~ -tef"c.e. f")(

    \Nork

    -IS

    :. Z 0 5...,;;<::---

    {ou.~

    troW'

    Y\'\~:'~')

    =-- i<skCZl)('io"A)

    =-4 k:r<EoE

    ---..;:::.-

    E~k 2.- <0

    ~ l' I ~.m/s:2.
    iN
    II- \ k"I" I
    10 3 N-m

    work.

    ---.;..~

    ~-/'

    obj"c.t Qf #::_uJl'\ M4iaS'S,


    foy e.. s~c:..f\~cL -h'~e.. J e'l'p.e .... e~.l

    t::,f\3QWCI ~

    -torc<
    fro--,
    FINO:

    A",

    ,~,'-h""

    \:; ...... I.V""

    0....

    +~

    1)e -\-~W"',-",'II\C

    t:lckcl 0 .. b'd D.. feS"lH1l"'*


    0.... c.o..,.s+a",;'
    a..e;.c.ler. f,' 0"",

    V~IOc..1'
    or-Ie.

    l..U

    f- TN

    SCt-tTM""t'IC ~ (.IlJtO bl'\Td:

    ...' " = 0

    1J.. #/s

    0..-::

    At -:.
    A.SS\)I\-\1>T/C1NS:

    ,.

    So....~ "'1.t~"'"

    ~ ...c 4' R

    ~P"".fllUlJ

    ~ i 11 q '"

    c.~r

    tA

    <:'>""S+-Io\..+'

    ~"'oJ.

    ~'t.\o~f., V'"l.,
    do V ~

    ci"\to:.

    Vol,'

    po+t",,\-i~

    .e"".er"'ti.

    3.-r"'-A..

    -t'- '4osS'vw.pk(l\'\ 2...) tlu """aJrlc

    '1

    -l-hA.

    {. """-;( V1."1._ V; 1. )

    C-&",

    o,
    0..

    oLL.-\A-r~V\.Qc:l u.J. ~5

    cU

    V"\. - ~ ::.

    :::,
    Q.. (

    "2..

    l so lb'') (1~ fr\'l..


    ~)

    -= 155 <l

    o;

    '3

    (i:.~ - t( )

    ~lb~

    ,S ,c*,/s

    l~""

    12.~ lb~(~"&.

    \
    wor I<. (*,+ l~)

    lIIIil;~~--------_':"'-~

    1 B +'-\.

    :. (1SSca

    S.\:"-phtIk

    t", - t. ')

    ~ 12~'t- ((p.S ~) ~
    1.

    ( c.o",sla",t )

    o
    \[", ::. ~+

    work,::

    ~ (t

    \Nor'l:. -=
    T"'-a.

    -:'

    11\.0

    ,A-ppIO"~j E,.2.'
    l

    obj ~(:f .0 i"'-t. c.Jo~ ci $'1 ~+f 1M. 2. !-1tJh'o;;'\ ~ ~V"'JCMi -t )

    -n-

    ~n3~~ o.cc~(ert\-hCM

    AtvAL.,(Sf~:

    Io.S

    .c+.lb~) 11~.~ ~'(b~

    2-1 S

    -=..

    Cl.ll B+v..wZ k (B~)

    FRoE LE M 2 '20
    The. drf1.J -fof'('~ on
    o..f/lier p""rel.Wle-l-erS.

    /<lVown:
    o.Yl.d

    FI/J'D:

    -troc.K.

    a;

    "D.e-ler""""vte -t~ fa<.-V~"..

    S-Cf{CMflT/C ~ G,fIIf;1'J

    ts

    rUjv/re<l.

    1=nowYl

    67

    +h~

    nlJclC

    The.

    -tYoclc

    OVe'r~W1~

    ve l o e..:-fj

    c1"'~J,

    -th~

    ts

    1,II<a/..",'3

    ~s-kl-'f.1.

    E1' 2,13) +~ pol.oUer A9<2.7v,r.ed ~

    AC:>iOlQ"V\j

    ANAL.ym:

    +0

    1)117/1 :

    J=

    ASSlJMPTIOIV:

    ~ .fun.c-h'OI/\

    as

    ~::: 1;;. V

    (~Cd A! V ....)

    Cd

    OVI2(COlNle

    102.

    I.<J

    A J 1./3

    : - (o~S)(IO~ -x II ~'J[\ 110 Kk"'J \ I:: \ \


    = 10'20 sK..J \ ~
    \ \t:.W \
    :::.

    cLrt\.3

    3:' \J I~"~I'\ \gm!

    \<.W

    FROBLEM 2.2.1
    The

    KNOWN:

    frvct,

    ,'s

    -Force

    t::."'-Ot-Oi'\

    Ct S S oo.'A. ok d

    es

    e..

    (Pl'oft.--

    fv"'Cf-'OVl

    -t V4 A.o Ilo'VI) r'e'i! ('.s~I'1C~ of -fv.-e -h'Y't',s


    of

    -tw.

    trvclc

    -P-

    0-

    LvE!A~M,

    FIND :

    sc tt'i. MA it C 8. G,I Vt IV ])ATA:

    I()W=322Sk~9t:
    Q
    .

    J=

    0,0069

    110 \<."'1

    AS.N "",P7/0W

    A-ppl~Y\5

    Eoj' '2. 13.'J +h..t. PO~~ : 1 ulre.,( +0 ov-ercow.e

    Wr " FrY :: (::frv)Y


    (0.

    oo,,~ )l3n

    I.I~: J)(

    S KN

    1'0 " ;

    roll i n,-re.r\'d~l'Ice i.s

    II~::I\;,~, 1)\ :;~'" I\::~ I

    kNoWN:

    o.(~
    i.....

    TItI-e drD.j -fov-ce...

    -t"-t

    !v

    as

    \:::.""-8'-">"\

    OVlc:L

    -fo".~ C(.SSOCl'o.-kcl

    of

    ",C+,'OVlS

    vo.r,'a..loles

    w,'-ft,

    4S S

    ~' o: -k.~

    'fes".t~V\ce

    roLI,'""j

    l.UI'+t--..;:- v~lA..,:e-l.A-

    \'\.\.c>-h'oV'\,

    FIND:

    De-le"' ......... "'~

    (a.)

    (eSIS1-J..",~

    f~

    wke",--t~

    '1 1,)0.'" ti-h'~ S o{- pe-,.tc"')


    ':IS

    +0

    tr""'- 0

    pOt-u,....

    ~"tv re cl..

    M,'jJ\.

    o.t\U

    d".~j

    -10 ov-e ...CO ......e.

    v., lMOV1"'-j o;:t


    +~y- S'UW\. vevru.r

    veL<-.'cJ..R

    ss".,...;../t, .
    ve Lcc c.l-:

    1> I S Co<..> 1'.1' flo..-. .."'" r I.' CA. f,'OVl

    -fu-.-

    v~

    V~ f........' c.I

    e,

    0. '"

    c:l

    1,.1'\.;

    'fo

    Plot--f~

    Cl,)

    : fJ
    ft.t -( I

    ("<:>..IA"I'\;

    ('

    CCTkAl .....

    j ,

    'h) ':' 35'S{) Ibf


    A= 2'3,3 _;+'2..

    foo<tCd
    C,j,-=o.&~

    A SSVtvlP7/0NC)',
    A/oJAl.-"(~lr',

    ve

    ..v.'~

    ..:.. -f1.-p S'1 oS {-e ~ ,

    Ap~IJ'V\.j 61,2,13 ) ..H\e.-

    We!':

    Fd ,\T -= (1 Cd A f V'l.) V

    powe v:

    re,u/fed

    :::

    A f-yl

    {CoJ

    ":: {(O.34)(Z~,8iW)(O,08
    "2.-

    F"r' V

    <>W-~j

    #/I-h.
    1].3 !3Z:t
    \
    16

    I lbf

    00 S

    OlJ-'e..tI'w-J.-

    -V(~)

    1b

    L-o

    \ \

    -l11SI

    SSb-rt1hf/s

    ("*)

    roll."",? -US'ls~V\ce ~

    kp

    gfHt/'

    (?fE* J

    y,::- ~ ~ II.... ,l~ ~

    wl-\elA

    Wd -:.

    'Wr

    lO.280

    \ --;;::

    = Gf 111 ) Y = t>.o Z)(35'1> ibf} \. V(~)\ ~ \ ~oo<D

    = O,ISq
    (I-)

    Oo,J.Q<r~INtf'

    5,~5)(./OS tv(~/h)J3 'v.-p

    TN. 'power 4vlt~c!. -to

    t LV(~'J

    -tv

    ::

    ,c..~~(O-J l ~l3
    0, I

    ~"1 [~~

    '::

    ;:

    '1,44>
    10, 4

    WeJ,.)WV-

    p~o !3lc M ~.1 2

    (b)

    (COYlt't:l)

    Le H-\V\j

    e.-. ~

    rloh

    fr~

    ro..l"'.e

    0 +0 7'r"~/k

    a.CCID

    v.....p~.~

    d e v~r-e.J .

    40 " - - - - - - - " - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .

    30

    ~+,oft,tl

    ---S;J--

    a.
    ;S

    -e--

    ...

    'II! ~
    Wtt

    20

    (J)

    o,

    10

    o .5

    10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
    Velocity (milh)

    W.R. ~ ~~ ~ p!oh +~
    pow.ev
    SI5"""

    r'

    lM.5~
    ~

    I\..D.4VII,q c:L

    e-.*

    sr-e

    e Dto )

    v.-r

    -0

    A.l:lc......,;f-

    )~

    ,,;SlAA../ h.

    Ov-'Lr~ A...otl;

    ~~

    V'?l ~w...

    lI\.j ~..s~"'t LR...


    ~O~ -1-0 ou.ev ~ c:l.vo..~.

    ,..;

    A-t

    ~ d-v-A.~ ~J ~ ~ .~'V\.A.J~ ~

    P4~~St'~

    We(

    ~Ctw5e."D

    Sl"'~ -f1....-.>-

    +~
    c..:tl ..; cl~ V~ ~ b '1 ~
    ~r"'-~ +t~ ~ ~ s-l-oved tn--.. kJo~l"d ~ V.('~tJ....t)
    tMrlA- s~ c:L.vIVIVl.J tv..o
    ~ ~ #./(7 Slj~ ~ ~J- vv-...
    flLooO-V

    --tv

    C#Vv.l

    0 IMr U\M-4.

    V""/J J,- Y'v\ .

    ;2-.21

    PRor3~eM

    Z.'23

    KNowN ~

    .for pr-e$Su~
    dV"(', \vevt.

    Meo-su.v.ee( Ja;\-4,

    v~ysus ""lum4l

    d.t.tVI",r ..f-kt. (..()~()Y~ssft:n....

    Df OJ.. V-e.rrl, e,YCUtt


    E.1.bJ.n: Ca.) Dmv-ml~e. l'l, for" (). fit ()f ....ki! daf-iA,. b:1 pV"~ ums}o.Jtt. (h) Use flee.
    r"tSltlt (9f. Po.rf (4) +0 evalc..c.aJe. +k~ wort!. ~o...e eW.yti1~ ~ ccWflYessiolA..
    (<:.1 EvaluC<tL fte wo.,k.. US.li..~ ~r4.phic.~( (}'Y" t1,U.meyicoJ' li-tt~ Vl:X-t~ tYT

    +/lte daiCt../(cJ.J

    ~rwpetr~ ~lAdci.iS((MS

    paris ell)

    SCl-I-.eMAl1L 8 ~ III IJ D 4rA:

    -I

    ----

    a.1t,,( (c).

    Data Point

    p (lbf'/in.")

    V (in.")

    112
    131
    157
    197
    270
    424

    13.0
    11.0
    9.0
    7.0
    5.0
    3.0

    3
    4
    5
    6

    Yefy~ ~{,Q."t
    I

    ------

    A5SVMPrlDNS: f. Il-t~ re.fr-igerad. i", fLte. pisfcm-Gtj',i-ttie.... a.sse.mb(~ f-o..-m


    c-fO$er..{ s~ste.m. 1.. 1he. prt'ssure valu.es prollide-a tlfrroxliMaJe #le
    rr".ess(,(,Y~ o.::t f'ke pisfoYl ~e.

    A-AJ AtLY SIS:


    ( 0.)

    ...,

    c? Vle a.fl~ roce.clA -fo ;, L-id )/\, fS -10 be., ~'IA '" if~
    lOj Df Ioo~~ sides ef ~lS ~~v.arlO\'~j P + ~ 1~ V :: ..Q.Gj C.
    .Q~ p ::. (_ '1\)

    0 v:

    rV

    lit:: ((fYIsf' 0.

    nt. T41c.,...~

    ~e.

    lAJ, V f ~ c.

    11w-s) (- \It) covv-espoY\Js to +Wl


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    CD 0-. spyea.ds!Aeef- p~Y'"o.W11o ob~lI-t ~ -plot (Aw! ~ l~+ sglU<. es h~T

    -t\'-t ossve: ~

    2.7 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    2.6

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    -f'ke.. Ut,y ve: 11'+


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    2.4

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    ~~s+-euct

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    1.8 - + - - - - - ; - - - - - r - - - - - r - - - - - - - l
    0.4
    0.6
    0.8
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    1.2
    log(V)

    P/tof3LEM 2.23 ( Co\'\-\-'cl )

    = -

    (C.)

    0,21 b:3

    BkA.

    ~~

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    rlo} t>,f +~.e'+te.k\u.(,ded

    ~ fO\\I\,ts' ~

    450
    400
    350
    _300
    ;;::

    :e 200
    Q.150
    100
    50

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    PRoBLE.M '2.24
    \<.~oWNf MearlA.(f'd

    w,'+k"i .... t\..ou C~/&~d .....

    A'"

    -For

    preSrlA.fe-volvWlE' d..c..+",

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    ~ cL. ~ "
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    I

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    Data Point

    p (bar)

    V (em")

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6

    15
    12
    9
    6
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    2

    300
    361
    459
    644
    903
    1608

    ,I

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    Assuf\I\P,IONS:

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    ", A~

    e.t.o.... c.<

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    '

    118.f+.JDt

    Pt<OP.JL6M. 2.31

    KNDWN: WaVM a.Vr- ceels slovJl~ l~ '" p'I~+O~ -c'J1iV\&er a.,S'e.W\H~ .from

    (1

    "now",

    i"\+i~l Vow.~~ 4-0 A. )Z.MW\,\ .f.\"'A( VOtu.M~. 'DU.Y\~9 fue process) (k


    SpY1V\~ e~ev-ts a.. fc't"(.e. 0\1\ ~ fls+on ~t va.V'i~ L\\I\ear(~ from ~
    {l. V\.Ow ~ t~ititA/
    tLA~ ~ a +-c.1A tJ vtA-we t;;f 2.eY"D.

    "(l

    ElliQ: Dete.V'M\lAe.
    ~clr\-EMM'\L

    -ike. i\l\i;'i~( a~tA .ft"'o.(P'fcssuves o(.+l.te a.~r) C\.~ft,.e

    aC:swe.tJ "DA'rA:

    =0.018 m2

    V,:. 0.003 )'Y\3

    v; =D.OOZ.

    WOyL:..

    Palm

    = 100 kPa
    'ill!'

    1.I-~MM1L41!i!!lIi!I..II.
    Will

    !Il~!
    Spring force varies linearly from 900 N when
    VI 0.003 rrr' to zero when VJ. 0.002","3

    pA

    ~- p4A-~A

    ~$P"'~~

    r. The. n~~().?Lve s i1~ d(1~ f'hcd ~~ f,'STotl\ ase wor4:. ern., ~ aW (J.6 +k4!. air
    cools, f'rl$D J -lUQ. Ct-Hk05p~ere ~ ~ spr,~ do work b1A.. #u1pfstt:m.,
    2-32

    PRDBLEM 1.. 36-

    KNOWN: Air u.V\ae~oeS -!t,uo pro~sses Jitt series.

    .SkeJch 1+ae. P[oc:esse.S on a.. p-v dL~(,tA.~ o.VLtl de4erJ1'\';'e +l1e. LVOrk.
    per uwit MA~S o.f a... r.

    FIND:

    &-WEMMK- MID '" vEIJ Mm:


    PR.ocESS J- 2:

    rv I. '3=umst.

    I F : : . I~ "-Pet) V;
    ~

    : AIR.

    'lfz = $.D)..

    L_- _

    2.-~ :

    PROc.E..<i.S

    A~~U#l\enON5 '. il) The a.~Y'


    .e~u.,i' ib rl u..Mrroce~ses.

    ::.D.O'l

    r\13/~

    p = const.

    rn 3/ ~

    V"'3 'Uj'

    is a closed sCC/stet'h,(Z) 80fttt proreses ar-e ~w<si

    )/.3

    --tr.

    M/Ai,'/SlS: for proce~s 1-2>

    P"4 -::. F: ( -'_

    d/~rt:un is

    = 2'110. 23

    k.P~.

    -rhus, the.

    rv:

    '1J%

    <

    Q;

    "";;;; . ._ ~_ _

    .:::J.
    I

    200

    0100

    I\
    m

    1.)""-

    .eq

    #O~

    .01..

    .O,

    1/

    kj

    The u.x>rk. -for eC\dA Pfocess is deteY'm\V\ed. u.s lV\~ E~. 2.1'1
    W =Spav:. "'" S rd.u ~> ~
    W

    ~ ~ ~

    'O"'Z.

    ::.\

    ~\.3

    t2,,\Io:Z:~ \c.Pa.)(.O.D2'M" '''1) -

    Q-

    = -3.08'2.
    WZ,3

    r 11"3

    =J\J"~ 1

    {f~\J

    = I',.
    'U"~ - f. V; )
    \:'
    1-1.3

    co\'\.St do V'

    "\1',

    W\

    ::.

    (100 )(D.04)

    \''3)

    11 ,o~ N'lll"2.11
    ]

    \ )c.PC4.

    \ 1c:.J"

    \03tJ~

    lC:S/K<j

    tl

    ".. =

    'P~ Ltis -U"oz.)

    '\

    'M>I\031
    \O~

    -: ~4b.'2.'3 ~p~)(o.e4-o.o2) ~

    =-+t1.q 2Lf~ k'J/t:j


    W'Ml 3

    :.

    ~
    +- W-z.3
    'W\
    yY\

    _
    -

    +I 8

    .."

    2 /-

    k:r

    W,a{'m

    10 _""i!!!<:..------------~

    te.,j

    t. The. Ye,Cb~\''t \s lo~\t~e)J.e\'\oh~5 +W +IAR. ~et_e~.e'l~ .ffu~sfer


    blj work. 'L-S froM -rtce, '5<;1s-l-eW\ +0 ~e. su,~rou.\o'\cL "~s.
    2-33

    PRoeLEM Z. 33

    .k~OWN~

    A~a,s

    u,~de(~oes .three pf'Ousse:s

    fha.+ comrlet<.

    o, c~de.

    ~ Sketc,'" +he. pt"ocesses on ~ 'f-V ~k1.~rtA.M (A.~ de-te<,\tu"ne it,..e )1e.t~.


    Sc U-EMA-r LC
    1

    I
    1

    (;,,1 VEJ.J 1>A-rA:

    PRoc.es S '-2.:

    ~.4;

    A~SLJMeTIQN.s" (11 The fja..s


    3-1

    are ~ua..si- e~c..c.Ll ih ru.,)'k

    ANIWltf,: For proce~s


    ol ,''tj rtt.m is

    pV .:: COltst.

    . R:' '0 1"'I- J illt"., v: s: 4.0 ff3


    To pz. =-50 Ihl-liv'2.
    PROc.E<i.51.-3: consranr voJu.me fD fB=P,
    fRDcas 3-(: e.oYls/-avtr fre-ssuye

    --I

    G-AS

    cO""f r"es:> ion w;+h

    1-2,.,

    is a.. dosed s:Jskm .(2) Procesfes


    processes.

    i-: a.n4

    Vz. =(p,IPz.) V, : o.Bf+~ ThuSJ+~e p-V

    2..

    .so

    10

    Z
    V -

    The. work. for process 1-2


    'N11. ~

    .3

    ff3

    ~S ete-\efM\~eAU.~l~~ E~. .2.1'1

    S"""ptlV::. JVt. UJ~t. J.V


    V

    = (~\I, ) ~ (~)
    ,

    Ibf/'''2.)( '1.0 W) k (~~) II~'/~:?I -'~B~ lbi

    " (10

    = -11.Gt2 eMu.
    For precess 2 - 3 J

    W3 1

    = Jr

    v3

    =.

    CD 1k~

    W~ 3 =- O.
    '

    Fl '" (;(. tLCj

    rd V ::::. ~ (V,-V

    (/0

    3)

    3-'

    for frDcess
    =.

    P, (\', -Vz.)

    lb+/"lI\:z.)(J.f-D_13)#31 ~~~I

    = 5.'12:3 akA.

    w~ ~ \Nu . +- W'2.3t- ""3' =. - tl.'ll+D+ 5:=t23 :-5.q116~


    r. Th~ he9~;'e. s~'" lAeV\Ofe_s ~cdWOy\(. t-O~ +itt ~ i{e is

    mio t~e.

    +WL ~ e,\I\efldCj

    s~~kVV\.

    1(

    w~

    -lm~$fer ~

    PROBLEV\ 2.34
    "f\.:O&.O~:
    0.

    :;".1

    e.u,'t"""jI\ 0.. PIs+Oll\-c~II':'cle..- a,sH ..... J,::J


    c.o",u,'sf"/;'\, of "'''''''ee. proc.eu-~.t.

    (of'l~,..,ed.

    -\o"'~r'-od'3"""''''''''('' c...,c.c~

    J:'/t-J\):

    .for flo.t

    'De h.. ""'4'", (

    ~A("

    l..Uo,...C" -for

    p........,c.e-,sS

    Q",c::l

    -th~

    I'\e-t wo..-ec::,

    'ycLe.

    t, Ht t'YlATt Co e& G-t vtN

    "J) 1'\

    7J't,'

    p~ ...S'DAr.. "'2.,.:'

    z._3
    Z...----t-4_--_ 3

    fio ... PrOble"" /35:

    O.

    VC"",I)
    I ThA

    ASS'uMPTfOf-)S:

    tM 011"1

    (.U

    'AS

    "t~

    is

    ~tof~J

    ~cle..

    o,..k,

    Us" 11"

    Pro~scl-1"

    6,_ '). 17

    [VL.

    'V,.

    W f p~V:
    '=.

    I~ Vi

    c. k

    Vi

    w:::
    5 P c:I V
    II

    '::

    "r7.

    = a;

    'PI V;

    ~ Vi

    V(

    __f -

    = -I.t>.q '"J
    Proc.ss 2.-3 :

    v.... ':.
    vr

    . . ,) llO::~' IU ..' lJ J...l ~::] \,:::.. l

    = [ll

    CD

    s, clV'

    v:

    lbor)\

    ...lW~I~

    "

    P. LVi -'J;, ]
    Z.

    ID~:~'lll ~ -e.z, ...~ \

    VI

    Pr.~$S 1-1 '. W~l ~ S p ~ V=-O


    V3

    \N\'\ct:..

    'N\'l.

    VVt.l

    :: -".0.'\ +
    I.

    Tbe

    ~t\"'$

    co ..... r-us t.f'd


    2.

    The Vo.\\oC.e

    .,j~.-"u

    + .W., I
    400

    -+

    e",e r:,y -tv-A,6'tf-..- ~

    21Q.1 ~.,J
    +~

    4J~.s

    a~ i]:

    c4

    of

    wo.... K.

    de ~e""cls

    'c.

    01'\

    t"-a. c:h+~i(S of +~ ".......,c.ess

    b< ~~~"'" ~ ~+-.iet ~"",cl.


    ""-0-+ u~.f.e.r'"""""...:ca.l ~ ~., ~ e..w s+o.f.vs.
    "IY\ -\-\v\s C~ltl.o-.< ......u- wo ...lc. -f'oi"" +~ ove r ,..,u, C'1c.1e- I'S p-osi-h've...
    5; C.~+r~t" J -f"el"~ ~ ""-0 "'e+ c.~,c.. ~ +IAJ p.rop4er/'eJ p Q.~c::l Vfor +~ o~q.,..I.J c'{ct~. Pr O'~f+' IIAhc~r r c:l~H"~'''''ed """\y ,~~
    e",c:l sf~""t'S.
    V-'o,."" ~
    I;l.OT 0... ~p-8-t'~) 4f11ld '"I. W's::/:o.

    2-35

    tc.~O~IV~
    o.ro14""d

    F(~H)~

    -+''It

    AV\

    Pll..llf>/

    ~"'-OUI'"

    obje-c+ of
    Qotc:L

    ~f>4'~d

    ~CH1:t'\ItATIC J.."'Je:N

    -F"lIs

    Q.T

    -to

    At-f,..ch.acl

    (l

    /lApe.

    c..uoui'\d

    sp4>ed.

    Cot;\,s-ta",,;.

    iY"J-\r~c:l
    of 'i"'-- Pl.\ll t y.

    De.,..,........... - e, 1'-

    (ot,.tlO",....e

    is

    lMo4S""

    ~ t"-- PIAI/t>-.J o."d

    f0'-Ue.....

    DATA:

    R =3 in.

    \["".3 #/S

    F=mg

    +v =3

    ftls

    m=501b

    ASSUMPTlo,\)t:

    "I"OV'~1

    .;,
    Af\)A l..'(SI r~
    \AS1l'\'l

    /.

    T~

    CO .... ~{,..l\.t)

    T~

    objecT

    d:

    p0c"u.e.r

    Sl.o

    ,,+ COV\~tt).ll.t Sp,.~d,

    f,..tls

    Z.

    ~,ut-eI-et"A.P(/lA

    of

    ft IE~.

    +r14.~~tft:d it> 1I-..J. PlA'II~1 C~ ~ cit ~"'1.A",:i'te.d

    6,. '2. /3

    W= F \f"'=

    M1 'V

    <So Ib )( sz, ot..)( 3


    S'-

    it) II32.llb.flla.ftlf-I\

    = (14tf. l t-t. \bf ) \ -l

    S'St)~t'I"i /s

    = o. ')..":(- k

    1 .f t Is

    ..

    W
    ~!t---------:...:

    l3/12.)fi
    = "S-

    I Rev
    !l1t rio.

    RPNl

    11
    ~

    ~w

    P"OP.>LEM Z.3b

    lSNOW N_: The. rO+lJ.tlot\o.l spe~~ aV\& cllaW'eJer of a. drJve s~f.I (Pql/~
    art? lGnowrt. Tl1e 11e+ force Ofpll.ecl b~ #le. IoeLt Or} tkJ2. @Ltl~ is ofso Bivevt.

    Elr:m..: '])eh~Y"M'~<Z +J"e "'-fplled 1t>rt(ue and -tl-te. p"wev .fro.~SMtHeJ..


    SC,4-6MATlC

    6fVEN DA-TA:

    r-

    -">1

    ]) = O.3M

    (+)

    ~ - F.

    6eH

    fe.VlSLOJ\
    fo ...ces

    -to

    The -to~.AI.e.~ calc.u.la.+eJ


    fke. rl.\d Ius tl.-+ w ""~c.k ~t a.cts

    ::

    = )..Doo N

    (,(.Sl"'g -I-ke

    beJ+ +~1Il,5IC>l")

    +aW1Q.~tla.( 1<'vce a.~

    li R

    ::. (2.000 N ) (

    e\ 2.20

    RPM

    ( net fo,nge.,titd force. due

    fz. >~

    &tJA1YSl~.:

    300

    ~Ff =

    F2"

    ~s 1 W l+~

    R=1)/2

    o.:.t )\'\) ': . 3<00 tJ

    rY\

    ~<~

    ~c1:::- ~

    +ke. ~OlUer tro.lI\S~':tteA is

    W s\1Q.H ::. j . W

    _(:'OON'M)(300~)
    '(~" (zrc r.ev
    I )!l(,os
    t"ill\ll t' -:r

    N'(\I\,

    1110"~J.s
    kW

    ::. (t42 kW-c

    ).-],7

    "'r-)CDW~:
    Opef'a..-h"'-.1
    S-.e..4,/ s+A.f e .

    ei.4+c... arc pro\)l'd~d

    fc r

    Dc4c,..""""n. 1/A..1l e lecIY,'c.. pow~r re41.11ud

    FIND:

    ~ I~C"IYI'"c..

    Al"l

    b:J ike

    l"A-CToV""

    V\;'\..O+oY""

    1'

    ca,,"

    d~velo~ .. u b'J -/'-. eJC4.t-ptA.:-f .s~ . 1)e4-e""""""'l1ot t- "-c....


    P()W~r' l)I'\f~+ ibi"~ ~tor. Also) t::J~.,.,.",,-.- -tt-t
    o.. ........ u .....1\

    ..,.",.. pOIP......
    l'\c+

    e",ey,~

    of
    '2

    -h..

    of

    e.l~c""",l'(.~ ~o"'k a.""d

    ;.rA"'SW bi

    Op&rel.n.'M

    b..,7;q:

    ~ ~/VEN

    Scff'f'""A-TI('

    rr - - - - - --I
    4-

    ___

    ASSUM P"TIO~S I

    A.t

    RPt\'\

    of"u

    Sc:."o ........ il~1 -t"'~ Vko-#or

    _I

    S ..... 0.0'"

    ,-Ie."", I s 4 t

    4t-JAl-'1SIS: (6.0)

    /0.2. N.tt\

    /000

    f'(

    :r=

    w..em....

    ---+I
    -

    '2, TN

    (,j f"-c s~ c!cn-.'''',

    1'0'\

    Sic-.dy

    .=

    Ws~

    (11011011')(10 ..... P")

    -1.1

    I\~::'"''f.1 =-

    t<-'N

    ~'M)( LooO

    ::~ 1%.:::/1 ~~",/) I (~~:'~-I~)

    @
    t<:)

    ~ Welc>cIr\(.
    ~

    =-

    -r'"~ .,rA -h. "'" -to ~f\d e",er,y


    ~""

    SWelec.d:k =
    2.'"

    ':

    )
    0

    I.
    2.

    Ws",,*~

    Ihe ~l'\MS Si,5h ;.s nud~ CIl


    ~+o(
    e lec:tv.'c.. \ Iy.

    Wkd

    ca

    o.o~~VJ

    tr'a.~ a.IN'C1CJ.vb

    Ws~

    --=..:W~Sh(O.c:+

    Wsk.tf1

    (_1.1 \'w) + (f. 0 1- kW)

    We \ech'f c ::;

    -e~~

    I,OT te:W

    Wne+

    II 00

    :: C:J9rf tJe'f.a ""u.IAr' votLoe4~)


    ':: (10,2.

    (0)

    :sys-/e ......

    Z.2..{

    = - (, \/ol-w.a-e) (c"-,re",,t)

    = _

    c..{o~c:l

    srl\.fe.

    q'

    U.SI~'

    i s: -t"'t

    '::

    C:-I.l I'v.i)( 2h) =


    C!. ,ol~W )(1."" =

    O(ti:Au.loC

    e ....

    ,..'y

    kW,h

    ....

    Weledric

    2,14 \:.\)J. ~

    ...

    WskiA.f+

    -'2.2.

    ts +r4Msl-trl"td to -tN..

    Tk.:s VA~ M~.",,-il -t"""- por-n'of1\ #If -t ... eletrr,'c, p()c.u~r 1'~ptA:t -t'-:t- ~
    loUt olo~K.cl
    -..0
    A s~ poe.u-er'" o~p~ b~ ~Colt~
    .fl~c..'" /.A.Ii~'", +'.-t.
    ~~..... C\)C.h, &00 e ledv,'e.-.t I\U:S'lt.M(~ 1(14.. -ft-,~ho",.

    PROBLeM

    2.38

    At'} ele.c..-I-YiG ~-lorGl'je. ba:tte.r~ i~ clAtt~ed. wi+k a. C07tS1au.i CUVfleM..f .for


    A. k:.~ow n te Y\ ~ +11\ cf +I&Nle. .
    flNP: 1)e..-k,'(M\~e. +he. Cost
    e.lec.:fyi(.i~ 'k> ~r1e. tke. b~..lter~.
    5CH-eMATlC. i u-\"{;.~ 'DMA:

    lstJOWN:

    '*

    --r

    p----

    l-- --

    \2.

    vol+

    I : z . tA.mp

    ba.tf-ev"!i

    I
    I

    --------

    A55UMPTlO!V:

    At =. 2tl h

    elec+ric-l~ c.os+ =to.08/kw,~

    The. vol~~ ~Y\l CLtrre~+ are CC1tS~l.tt.

    fOwe-v
    IW\~ t i

    fMJAL'iSI$: 1he. electr'\.(.

    S.iAce +ktL v6t~.( aa,u(

    ~ olo~l"ed u..s,,,,,~ ~. ::2.:2.1

    f a.ye

    CLWfle.....

    ~sl4l.(.-t) -rke d'c.h-\c~~ use.el

    Iwl: J.~,,(t
    ~lwIM; ~i.At
    t.

    ,'lA

    2'-1

    h )~

    : (;1.0."'1' )( I~ v,H) III "'~:~Cl"'tl(


    ::. O,51fe,

    ~ h) :J~o.ttl

    ,,\Nh

    The cost is
    Ct9s-r :: (O.51/;; k.w ~ ) (:It o.os Ilc.w "" )

    =~ .DS ........

    elec.+ri.(.
    e.ost
    ~

    P ROt?>LEtv1 z.;'\

    The studeu:/-$ w', 1 weea fo esftma:le t"'e. +Cjprc4.( 1'0W4,~ fCrea.di of'
    -f11e devices, Th~ also will Vleed fo shf.c..t(.(;fe 1A6w JOhtL fk~ eaalc
    e:l..eVl.ce ;11\ +k4t ceu-se of CL lMOVl-lit. The de~ils qve Ie."ft fCJ ~e..
    reGtde-V".

    PRO 6LE ~ Z.

    K~bWt-.):

    *0
    bClV" 'LoS S\oW\~ sh-etc.heJ.. T~ \V\\t~~\ (A"M
    f\V\~\ \e.V\~~ o..'t\c(. ~(. ~m~ Ct(.,+\~".:t the.fl.V\tA. ct ~e ~r

    A sol\tf. Ujli\.\t!V"\Go..l

    ax e lLV\.OW v\..

    r\Nt>

    t,

    5Cl+EMJar'T\('

    "Dekrm\"'c.. ~e.

    WO'l'\:. &.oV\e OV\ t\\e..

    Gc-\\lEt\l DA-TA:"

    ~$5'"
    Ar-..L....:--...&..-.....,......

    Ir

    ~z.

    b4,Y'".
    ~

    cr- C (X-')(,)/X
    F :: e: A.
    - 10,1 (, W\

    Co :. 2. X L0'1 Ie: Po...

    A- TC_d~
    ..

    x~::. LO Cow.
    If
    A5~UMPnQtJ5; (I) T~e. b~v is 0... c.le>E~~ ~'d3~W\, (2) The. mov\'V\~ 'o0\.l.V\c.lQ.i'\:j i~
    ~~ t:>V\\~ wo~\c. ~ocke.. ('3) Th~ \<.Y\0~Y\.'o\9'("tv\a.\ sh"ess Cc.c:k a:t t\\i e.V\Gl ot- fu Ioa.r:
    (Lil The. clAQ.~e. i"" etreOl. A is V\e~le.cte4,
    }\:NAL.,{5l~ ~

    The. Wo"'~ (ioV\~ 'L~ ev\\I~'" b'j ~. 2,\8

    W :. - .j

    ~ z.
    (J A

    )C,

    :&

    - -

    tVowjwit'" c.:::

    Xl

    c.} (~'Z._ ~IX.) f Xl. ~x

    x~

    Ufo<X, ) 0. ')(
    x,

    J..x ~ ~

    ~,

    Co 1\ D.%. [IX'Z. 'X 'Z.

    Z.XlO'

    x,

    \: :z. -z. I

    k.Pa..) d -::

    ) -

    XI

    X '1- x I)

    5'mW\ ':: o.ooS"M \ x,=\OC.'M.'::Otl'V\\)

    o..~

    )(~=O,lO'~
    \.r..

    - -

    (2.Xlt>1~y~)TC (SXl0 3 Yr\) z" ~(o.\()\2._


    \.
    4 (0.\ -m) J \ \c.p... 1
    2..
    l01 Nl~"2.

    :.-J.~' 3

    N. VY\ -:-1.1 b 3

    :r4!S

    .2-4-0

    0.,7.)"",'2.

    ' 0 )(

    n' - "

    .\

    ~]

    )
    .10l-0' m

    \,J

    PROI3uE.M 2.lff
    KNOWN:
    FIN]):

    A wire suspe.Ylc1ut ver+iciAlfl1 is s-frekltted b~ llV\ Ccffl ie.J force .


    De-\-ermi",e. (0\.) +he. work. &.oV\~) ~ (10) +l-\e. You-Y\tj IS W\o&,ula.ts.

    sc ,*E.l'-\ A-, . t C.

    &\ V e '" DA=rA:

    11111/

    A~~UMPT\ONS ~ (l) The.

    wife is

    c,

    W\t~ x.
    \1\ ~ { e d-ed..

    ll""e.ClY"lM

    A-NAL.'1SlS ~ ~)The. o..p~\\ect

    Wh. V"~ X
    ThuS')

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    :'l.2.S00\\c,~)(x_

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    t\\e. OV\\'j LOO"'~ mod~. ,0) The o..pphec.(

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    i... ctre6- A- cs

    A:

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    = Z.S')(OS

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    +0 ev~LLt(.tJe. +lte.

    WO'rk.

    of

    +ovce. F

    Xz.

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    '1\.,

    =-

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    10

    (Z,S Xl0 5 X -:Z,S)C10 b ) 0\)<

    f+

    =_r,Sf(OS(IO.OI'Z.-tO&)- 2..SXIO b (10,01- lO)J


    =. -} ~.

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    From Pt"olol<.m Z.l.\o) &

    --

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    (0.1 i,,~)

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    WI Dau.lus

    A w,ofe

    KNOWN:

    of c..oll5~C-T c~ss-sec+-ioM1 af"eo.. a.~c1 ~9~eA-t


    ~ sfre7S - sfrt'A.ilA relatio~ is k-t1.t>J)n,

    lelt,.rfA is Sfre+cf!.ed.

    FINO:

    ini'fLaJ

    Dertve alA. exq)(~ssion for ftte worlc. dcne 01\ -ft.e. wi-"'e AS ~ .(cute-fUm

    of S-rro..il-i,

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    - - - - '1-10

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    A?$VMeTLON~:CI) The wl.,.e 'IS o: closed S~S+eflil. (2) .5~s aKd s-J.ra..~(A. ,.(t'~
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    Ot\.

    tke wit-.

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    St~A-'r\c.

    A sOCc.V f.\\ M OV\ c, ~;\("~ fro,.'M(2 is


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    ~ u-l v Eo..., DA-rA:

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    -H...L

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    M~~,~de offlvz. wovft. re.bLtlV"ed 10 sfre+~ +l-1e film.

    KNOWN:

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    Est.m ad e: fke.

    SCHeMATiC

    wo,.k. re1(,(..(,~ed.

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    A~'5VMPnONS: ("

    The

    s~s.J.etV) (f)~.si:S-fs

    of fht2 fJ.ir "11 ~e. ~/ loo YI. (A) Th e

    bauo 11 is spheriCAl. o: The. pressure


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    pres>u~ wlt.ell\

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    ~ CO"n,ftu,d;.

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    +~Y"O~}.-\ ~ p\o..Y'e. wAll, The dIMeVl.sioY\S.,t~rMa.1 COV\tJ.uC.+iV/~, tA.nd

    KNOWIJ: EVle~y

    1rilYlst-ev-

    S <Ayfa.ce. ~~V"Ot,+u.re.s

    ~~ J)e+eV'Wl iKe the


    ~CW-MA-TlC

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    rak

    'DATA:

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    ANAl.,'ISIS:

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    200

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    100

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    400

    800

    1200

    1600

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    ore IV\ p-erfe(.,t +he.t"M().( CD11,fo.,e.t.(If) -rlte. ~rmal ufvttLucl-,\1 lTies ef foofh

    ICUjers a.re. U-kltorw\.


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    = Xl.. A

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    x

    ""

    o v.h ic.(e.. c... \f'"


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    I
    I

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    'oetwo.eV\

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    T w \ ::. Tt -

    Co~b\hj

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    T~$er+ll1tj va-lues

    r. Tl-1e<tut:tvl-1-l-ct

    =-

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    (5)

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    a\l\&.

    Yld-I~~ i-~t

    G.i. ~ Q~ -;:. 40 -= Q.

    A (To - T ~ )

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    CD

    To

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    MlV\\'M\A.W\ +~'\d(J/\~sS 0.(.. \\As\.\.la..t\o",,V\C4.I.lI\to.\~


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    ASSUMPTIONS: <..I)

    :. .300

    .,.he S'1s-\-eVV\ is

    ~u.rfc.t.te

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    .
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    80

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    0
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    ~E. :Q-W =-(+50)-(-20) :: 2Q


    f :z."
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    =-'..,,"2.
    E. ::: e. - AE
    ::(+so)-

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    dE

    =. Q-W

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    (+7D)

    = --20

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    -~

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    =-(+30) +-C+2D) :: +50

    frec.ess c : W ::.

    Q - bE.. (-lio) - (20) :: -bO


    EzE., :: A .::.,> E l :: Ez.- AE.

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    ~ -E,

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    :: AE. ~ , :: Ez.- f)E.


    ::. (r5D) -Co)

    =+-50

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    ike. noor-mtL\

    u.s~.

    The. r~e. ~rw\ o~+\.\e. e.V\~~ lo().~ r.eJuces


    d 't.rt'd ~~ ~o
    _
    .
    .
    /&t; +,;at ~~
    Q. - (W.uu. + W~\\~)

    Q.~

    -Ce\lows

    ::to

    Q .. WdC(. + Wi~.f.+
    or J us \,v..j ~ ca \l/ ~ ~)(f(US ~O"A. ~ h.to.t +vet.~V' vue

    WtlLc. +- W6~~..

    - h A(T lit - "'To) :.


    ~o\VlM~ ~ Tb

    .
    W flee.

    Ws~H

    (-h~)

    Evo.l\..lCd-.M1

    wov-lc. -terMS
    WLite. :.- 1 e-\1Al~ :: - 3fQOO B\-W ~

    Ws"'c.~ :

    dw

    :-(14.+

    t+.l~){50o y~~ )/2.n.J!:'lt"D~~ 16~ ~


    \:

    ::. .3+8'
    (- 3"'00 + 348<f
    (- to ~~I k.

    0Il

    'M~ ~

    ~ 1018"",1

    U)~ J"

    .) e\u./h

    -R.)

    Of tIl!!-Si-------------------------'"-

    z-so

    PR00~

    Z.(gl

    KNOWN: A closee.{ s~steM t\j,\"'-eY"'~oes tl r:oce~s Wlt-k ~ kV\owl'\ hectt 1\'--(.("s~r"


    ra.te 1 tA.l'\t{ -lite rowev- vavoies a...t o; spec if ied ;u.J'\c.tio~ f)f f,me.
    ~~ DefenniY\( C~\ +ke. ytA.te. o~ c~Y\~e ef s~&+em e.V\e.r~':1
    o.V\.Gl (b)
    cW:t.V\~e \V\ S~$~W\ e\'\ef'~':1 a.\ter 2 h.

    +ke

    SCKCMA-nc.

    t (HVeN

    VA-fA:

    tat to =o.b h

    Go ::: - 10 bow

    WoO

    - et

    !+

    oc::i-~ Ih

    - -8
    t~lk
    where is riA h (A,\-\a

    A2SVMPfloN: Tv.1! SCJS~M ;05

    tAl ;$

    il"\ kW

    closeel.
    ANM8SIS: (~) Tke h~e ra:1e o.f' etv.c.~(t of eV\e'1~ o.t ~Y\~ ftMe f. is ~IJe", b~
    dE
    . .
    a.t -=- G -W
    (*)
    A+ t-=-D.b h
    ~
    (Q - ,(-e-t.)]
    =(-10 kW)- (- 8 0 ,fo) k.w

    I :
    i'=o.'~

    Q)

    :&

    -c=-O.f:Jh
    5,2 "=-\IV ~

    de/dt

    1he c~Q."c;e. iV\ 5~.s-\eY\'\ eV\eY'6~ is l>bto..''''e& bJ 't\t~m.h~~


    hlilAe 1>eV"loc.( ef- ~ 11. iWJ- \.s

    (b)

    (If-) 6ve~ ~

    t-=zl-)

    AE ::.

    -t:.o

    =.

    Q.1l.i:

    (~-w) dt

    _~ t"~_Bt) tlt /~Z~(_e} dt]


    .j.

    lJ-l;=o

    [~)

    =. (-to )(2.) -

    = -2.0-

    t=tl,

    i't -[ 1.
    I

    '2.

    E-8)t;

    [C-tf)] -[(-8)(2-1)]

    ::: - 8 kWh

    1lws

    AE. =. (-f> b-W.h

    )1 1I lGJ/sll?>6eosl
    ::
    wi
    Lc:.

    l '"

    -28}8c:>o

    b.~44-------'::::=';

    I. At i o.e '" J -f1te e~ef6~ ef #Ie sjskm is olec.r.gasi",s a.t ' l r'a:~ ~f s.21cW
    beca..u,se +he. rttfe &+ e\'\e.,~ hu",sfev' ~ b~ k.ea..t e~ceed.s tkt2. Y'l~ of'
    eV\ e.Vl ~ -tv"cU'uf<.r Jh b Cj wt> rk. .
    z. ~e J'le.JJ a..fwe.. ~., k d.elto/e,s o: 1Ile:C dec.yetLSe. ~ e ke.-q ~ over #te 1-1 Me
    pe.v- rod..

    PRoPJLeM

    a.ez

    A storlUJe. batt-erg aeve/ops a kMWV1 fo()Jer ou.fpl).f ~

    KNOW.N:
    ~

    t.J1,te.

    FIND. Plo1- -ftte power t)u,tpLtt "'K~ fLte cM.a.1l1e.


    batfe"-fj J ecu:..h a.. s C( #c.K Cf"t> 11\ Df Yi1 e .

    +,

    SeWE.MA-TtC. ~ GIVEN VArA:


    I

    - - - - -J.r-,..--I

    ; s-tora.s e

    I
    .- - bccHe.ry
    ,
    - - - - ---

    AS5UM@TLQN~~ (I)

    A elo.se~

    -nD nea.t -frD.vlsfef'".

    full1cfi01'\

    ,'i1 ene r9':1 of flte

    W ::

    t.z eKp (-il foC)


    (where. W ,:S 141 /c.Wa)\c! -/; is +,~e J~ s)
    .
    Q.::.o

    S~SkM

    is u.kder

    coY\sid.eY'aJLo~.(2)Therl!-

    is

    AzVAl8SI$.: The h~e raie.

    of dtQ.K~e. of 6ljskWl eMkV~ is


    ;,toW
    -"'-. cl. - - w

    c!.E
    Glt -)6l.. or

    ...,... d+ -

    dE -= -1.1. ~p{-t/bO)
    dt
    .
    ~o""" i.

    =D

    -t. (J..1I\'t

    -k1M..~ 1;

    1;

    L)t -::. -

    11. e'l<IO (-t/"o) c!t

    :l

    ::: =(2 [e/'f.p ( -

    (~) U51hg $o+fWttV"ff'to rIot-

    t / '0)

    I]

    w11~ A vs . t

    1.5 - . - - - - - - - - - - ,

    1.2.

    c- '/"0)

    l e 'ltp (- t/foO) - 1~1

    KJ
    YZ1V\ql~ fn,m 0 ok> Z-SOs :

    o ---r--------~
    -10
    -20

    -30
    -40

    -50

    0.5

    -60
    -70

    50

    100

    150

    200

    250

    t (s)

    -80 -h-r,...,...,....,r-r-r-r-..,....,...,...r-r-r-r-..,....,...,...,....,....,...,...,....l
    o 50 100 150 200 250

    t (s)

    W~o ~lI\d ~E-+ -'12.k-T. The. plof5 sLtow


    ~{(.t ~e.se \\.w\t+s (l,re ""1'1'roCldf\t~.e( clc"e,l~ A~V- CA~Ou..t 2.2.5 s. For +l~es
    ~Ye.ttttr ~'" ~l.f) \'\0 W\OY'"~ elec..fvic, '{'owe(" ls cA-eve.lop~ Iolj fk.e.. foat+ef'j
    o.V\L! t(Ae e,V\e.i', 'j r~VY\A.\it\~ (.0 ~d",tJI\;t.

    (b) IV\+kL IaMit

    D.$ i.l).OJ

    we- kClve

    K~OW~:

    1.~o(.&1l'\

    A gas of.

    ,'""itlttl s+u1e .fr:>

    J'\1etSS

    k:I1.CWI1

    4..

    eXf'Ulds 'k eI. 'Pi.stt>~ - c.'1'Iil\d<-r" fn,(YI ( l specif.ie.J


    ( rr-es.su~,
    Tt1e pr-eSSu.J' - v olu.me fo,... tlte.

    -HM 4

    proc~.s is ~lveV\. Also" fkL :sreilt-tC 1i-ik.vnD1 ~ne.r"gCj e-1Aa.....,e is

    El.Mt>: De.J.ell"WhVle. +he. h~ .Jra.ns.fcr- fOr" +l-.e process.


    'Sc H-GMA11c. 8 &\ VE.N -oArr/Jr:
    /" n1 - 0 =2.5' kj

    ---7-

    p,:. g

    9 as I
    ... - -,I -

    ba,r) V&

    = o. 0 ~

    f'2.:' a, IoCLVl' V 1~'2-= COJ1sta.~+


    AU.:' - ~S' k.:rl

    t;

    k:.&1,l)(..CJJ1,

    V'1 3

    ks

    A2SVM PTlDN: (') The gets ~ Q. clt>se.d .s~sk,W\, CZ) /{.,;"e-}-L(, a....J. pofevtttal e/.1erYJ~
    e.(.{.ecfs A ....L r1eg I i 3 ilo~, (3J The. ,rC9oe~ is pol,;/frepi" W l'ft" PVi,%-.= CtTYLSta.uf.

    1"'e hU(;.f-

    AAlAt,yS($:

    fl hoC

    .u..e.

    L()OYk.

    ~JoIlS'hr ca.vt.

    u.s lH~

    V''&.

    vJ:. prAV =

    ~. ~al11 ~ ~ tlows:
    v~

    VI

    t/

    :rnt~ raft i",

    "Hel

    $toH1

    Joe. ~u..Kc.( US&IIlJ

    tt-'" e,VI~~

    bala.",c.e, Ayst

    tumt ttv
    V 1.2-

    ph f Cd I ~~

    Pz.'V2.. - p,Y,

    W:.

    I/,

    ( / -I ~ '2.)

    1"~ volu.V\ote ~t 4'ke. .t:L~o.( sfcd-~

    Vz. =(P'/P'Z.)
    W:. (2 bQf)(O.O(P~SYv\"1) - (~) (0. 0 :2.)
    'LS

    IV, :.

    0.0<0'3 S

    J loSN/m~

    (1- l. 2 )

    "",' Tk.u.s

    I kJ

    b",; I 10' ~. W\

    ::: Ifo. S" 1c.,T


    Now I

    to 8~f -Hte. l1l.tr -IYa.11!~ J be'l'!It wi fU ~ flM.U'tlj ~",laJ,tce.

    Ar +ye.,.
    o

    ~u

    Q- W
    5'0 I V,Olllj .fr,y ~ tU1.c1 KoftiA~ .f1,14C AU.A
    =

    WI Au..

    (X ::. JIVI A tL + W

    = ( O:~$"'lc~)( -5~ 1c'J'/~j) ... ( llD.S"" ~J")


    = d..1S' k J":~~

    CD
    ,. 1he

    heQ,+

    iQ -I1A~

    -IrlA.Vls,fer is 1'0s[five. J de-notin<j eVlerfllj tmnsfer- Iotj h t2t:tT

    ~~S

    as it ~Xp4Ms.

    "'''''OWN:

    ,,+

    cO~"""l'\ed

    Air

    r~w

    'Sp#c.fiQd

    A.

    IV\.

    fr.CMA

    '"

    pA.odk

    0...

    1)e~,,"_)\~;-1A....t 'p~e."p' c.

    FIIVD:

    .fy-..,r-f+- ;''1

    Wor lC)

    cf

    Sc#:'2' ""'" TiC

    tu~-"/I\r,cI",-feJ ~",k reco

    r,'Qid
    "

    (,h'

    ~a~
    .,.......
    ...

    e l1e r~ y

    R-t.d.

    volvW'-.

    ...

    + +"'-<. fll"I.~

    ~fc... i-e J -the e/.1ef1Y

    o..~d -t~ c..~ ~ SP~e.IP,'c.. I",-k~... -.....t

    el'\A.r,y o-fi"/N ()..f'r.

    (;1 VSf>..J 1)1'( 71')!


    ,3

    = O.'=-"""
    W: - \0 W)

    V
    /1
    I

    At:. I

    h.

    1
    ,...1
    /1

    .....1L

    ,1
    /"'

    /"'

    ASSVlY\P,.(ON~: /. rrt-:
    Gt..... i~ i-""'-e c../bHd ~'tS+-e- 2. ft,r-t kJ
    0.11I. ci +~ o..-t. ""'0
    ~"-~ ~ ~. ~ h 'c.. E 11e,., >'
    a t'l ci. po 4-t VI f,. ~
    3. T"-4. \'\M'+;~ QtI\" f,'V\#.J. -s.+..f4>s
    c::v Co e ,v; I; b n'v IN' ~+o..'" e S.

    A'lo;)Al-YS'~:

    +"'e

    (6)

    SpfPCA./t',

    v; :. v/.

    \lol~lM.e.

    ih

    W)

    I' '"

    W=-JWcU ::
    o

    ( c') T L'-l!"

    a..+

    W'\ASS

    o: ... <i

    S'~+es

    VolvlN\e.

    a. ... d

    z.

    U2.::'0

    11

    of ",e ....

    o.l"~ ~A.C" cVY\.S.J-o...,.;f)


    0.. ... -e,

    +k.a

    SA.IN\-I:

    \,v..a.o

    -e\f.. lu...~

    (b) To

    S.'M~ -tr.....

    'ys f-t"""1

    ~ ') II",d-~.

    f~-IOW) d-t

    - 010 W jC I h )
    ~

    3ft,

    C ""-'.j 0('

    k:>~ '4\.lI\e...t \

    _ - (-~CD k-S)
    :t

    k,5

    Je:.~

    I~s II ~~s I\~ j

    w
    --=a=a--------.....:.=.

    f~oa~

    2.l95

    KN OWN ~ A-~ e lecfviG re,i,for+ro.~s.fur.s eneYt1:1 tV!- a GIf)16/aMJ rJe 10 a. ~a.s


    C6't\~",ed l~ (4 ri~ltt -ft1..~k.. He.t;(+ iYn.~f~v'" be+w~ell\ fWz. fJiL! tw.d ~
    suV"r"l.(,~/"'1.s occurs A..S o: spe4f/ed ~c~ ~~ +tiM.e..
    FIND: (tt) Plot ttte +I~e. rrde. of cltak5e. .,f elll'f,Y-''1ct- Uu. CJa..s -(1)r ()~ t:~ 20 MIU,)
    (b) Dektt.Mt.L.t,,- +ke.. )let cV1aVl~e illl etteY9CJ cf. +k.t 1'4 5 a.ff.&- 2.0MI&.1. I(C) 1).eterMI-IA~
    -lite. cost 9f ~ e(e.chic-A.f l1l\
    lotke. reslifor:

    'Ll+

    SCl-fGM4,IL $ &llleAJ VA-,A:

    Q ~l.\.Y"('

    50 t.

    ::. -

    cvhere ~L'.7~V'f15;11\ Waifs (}..k.t1. t is ik rl1;"' .

    = I eoo W

    GY'es

    u>st of e(-ec+ri(,i+~ :: ~ o.os/:.w",


    ASSUMPTlQIV's: el)

    The ~CLS

    (.{

    Clck?.s~ .1'1sfe.W\. (z) The. eVHW'J'f -f'rtU\.r.fc.r +ron-a k


    1hev-e 'lS ~o \\Jorlc...

    yesi$-k>r -k> -ttu ~(A.S oce.u.fS a..t

    A CC11Sla.u+ rcvle.(3)

    AMAk'{Sf~: (C'Al 1he. +l~e

    ~f clA~C!.

    de.

    a;f-:: Q

    .,.ale

    ../'o

    -)!<J

    tiE :: - Sot
    tif

    Dr

    t.\I\e,nj~

    st

    J.e

    =:> a:t-

    = Q g (.4~,.

    1000

    tts\lhj sof+wttve -fo plof de/tt+ vs,

    ir

    '

    +- G re

    ,i,t ....;11I.)

    e/.E,Id.t i&.1 w)

    r~YVJ' iI\~ fn:>m 0 +ow V\A\'IA

    1000 - - , . , , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    800
    600
    400
    200

    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20

    t (min)

    (b) 1 r\*UjY"a-+l\l\~ ~) -m,1l1 -t =o

    40

    20 MilA

    se: :: J.'I- Sot + 1000J :: (_(s~ )i2. + lOoOt ]


    =(I () e Do W V\I\ \ "")

    (c.) ~s.,.

    f).f ~leclY"t" llApL<-t ~

    I' ". ~ll " ~ I


    J/
    L03W

    1 V\l\ll1

    e. 600

    ( 1. hW )Lz.OY'-tI.i-t) J

    :. :I O(j'J..T' -4
    ;).-lPS

    r:

    W",;",

    ,,-:r..----------~

    -:-Je $
    60 M i.:J
    J

    /Elooo

    D.08/ k.\IJ.

    ~)
    Cf;S+

    e~th-iG

    0"

    iMrw.+

    I<NbWN: A ,kVlown mit'S t>f sl-u~ .fA,~de""8oes. a.. (fol'd lropiG process I~ tl
    p'Iston -~ IU1d.e~ etssembl'd' The Irllt,t:t{ 0,,4:( -{'lIIar sietes C(1;le{ -HIe heetfTransfer ti. re 6fecif leA.
    rlNn: J)ere,rmli1e
    .5CHeMItILC

    fhe Wt>rk.

    6=LYetJ

    f&i1a.1 .specific. vot.u..me .

    Sfa.fe 1,:

    7
    Sf~J11

    F: =500 IkfHva2. U; :: 1.70/ If 3/ (j,


    J

    U, ':: 13h3.3 8/1L/{b


    5taie. 2.: U2. = Q90. ~8 tJIu.llb

    .1.

    \.

    +he

    PMA..:.

    rn -- I . 2. Ib

    (A,Kd

    Q:: - ~'l2.q

    :J,

    pV ::. c..ora.slo.lA. t

    6/u.

    dS5UMfOTtoNS: (I) The sfea.rn is t< c.lo~e.d. $'dsnWl. (z) I<,~e.hc.allld f0.Je,wh~{
    energy effec.ts C(~ t1 e~{itjib/e..(3) /he froce$S is lD{~l-rop;c Wl+~ h -2-.

    To ol.ek~m 1'i1~ +he work..,! be~"'1i\

    M/Auif>IS:

    +Y+ AlJ:: Q-W

    W'1-~ 61J:: ""

    W:: Q -

    =
    To ::Jef 1T"z. J

    W : :.

    a.wi sol Vt ~ j

    (u'z.-lA c ),

    h'1.

    for

    tiae eYletl~ baJa.u.te.

    Lo i+lA

    L u2- -Lt.,)

    (-3'12..9 Bfu.) - (1.2. tb}(q~D. SS-13b3.3)fHuJlb

    = 104.4 B+u..E
    he5'11\ wi+1tt ~. )../7 6....,.d

    J1/

    pdV -::.

    W
    UA.t.

    & fO'~fn"it:, ,rr>cess eKf~st(,)i\

    l'V1

    9dv- :::. -rn.. 6~ vz.)


    J"

    11'" '

    "

    =-

    l'1

    cr. ~ a ) ( ,;~ - 4:.)

    Jnr

    esr

    --v:oL.

    .sa h','1i1.9 +c:tr '/

    'lY-z..

    1 _ J.
    "trz. -

    .t

    v-;

    ~p, ~ '2.

    I-AJllb
    )-

    -\'.;0'

    (JO,/,l(

    6-1u.)

    '1.2 16)( 500 l1r7flt(,4"1.) (t.1DI

    ft3/lb)1.

    I I

    77B.fHbl ,#2.
    1 aM
    '''''' ;M2.

    =0.2."30
    CD

    1k.us

    '-'i.. :.

    l).2b~o :: 3.802 ~3/ lk ~

    V''2.

    ---------------------------,I. the l~vr.e.a-se t"" VOLUWl.e. is c.oVlslsr.e-J,tf wiflA. tM positIve: Si~1 +or
    work. aeVlof,'lI\j eYlerjCJ 1n:t14rfer aur of ft.te f>lf"1eM h~ work..
    J

    eJ-

    fofo

    PRoe>tefv1 1.(,7
    KNOWN,: A know" n1A.tpS of 8. 45 c.U1.&te~oes e, rol~+rop;G froce~ hefwe.ell\
    two Sfeci'fled ~j-Q;tes. The r.e.la.flo1\!Sh ip be+wee~ Pr?S2)f.A.1"e. J tJ'Olurne) a.~4
    liAkrllltA-1 el1 eY9!:1 is I::nDuH1 for tkeaas.

    DeterM Jne fhe hea.t fro.KS.fer:

    f (ND:

    f, = ~ JbilJ"ll"J V; ~ h.of/-3/1l:,
    f2.

    For +tw. ga.s


    U = (o.zs-st) P1f-9S.'f3fo
    (wtae~ tr is J;" 1+3/ lb.J P is

    -- ANA["\f~I~:

    l"'fl,tt
    U,3 .: constant:

    =. 1-0

    '-/4

    "ofl,'~~ cau( u.

    /he ~ea+ fntl'Lster i~ defentnnld{rolYl

    Fi ist) deierm Ihe the (.()Or"- betl' nl1'hj w itt1

    w = J vrdV::.1 Vz. C!01lot:


    dV
    V
    VI

    VI

    E VQ. ( U~+t ~3 Vi
    'trz.

    =(-f)t3.-tr,

    ==

    1.3

    U:J':J,Vz. - P, VI) -=- m

    I - I. '3

    jJ;\ 0kAllb)

    eneY8~ h({lauce.

    t 12.-v;. - ~ V; ~
    I -I. 3

    .J..

    I."

    ::. l.;t~

    ),.3<1.0) =-

    J 3.ct 7

    .f+3f I b

    [(AD Ibf/'~")(r3.17 foP/I\,) _(&,0)(6.05]

    W = 0 \6)

    a.VI

    Er- 2./7

    is

    ILl'1 j,}
    J f.I. 2.

    (I _ I. 3)

    0-kA.
    77B.f+,bf
    I

    = Lot'i 1. 3 Btu..
    /Jow) (A,)V'ih'lI\g +h~ e,Yle~~ ~cdCllAce

    AkE + APE. t /),15 -= ~- W


    Not~~ ~t AU:: \V\ (L<.1.- U , ) (A.&I\.& sol v,'lf\~

    Q :-.

    W\ (,Ll~-l.l.)

    fo.r.-

    +W

    ev~llA.C\.+\"'~ (l.tz:u.,)
    (U''l,- Lt,)

    =-kO.2"5t) (.zoJ(t3.17) -, s.lia,,]- [t>.z.b S l)(~o)(6.0) ... q.5.4i3~


    ::: - 2 l. vi ~tu./l\0

    f,iAa.ll~

    Q. :. Qo \10) (- zt. ~ 1 e}u/l\,) + ( 4 C}1."3 0tu.)


    :::. ~ 8
    L.

    3"(0

    fb\-u.. co

    s'fl'Yl..s +0(" wur-k ~ kw c(~11~ ettf!:t"9!J ..(.rom +ke S~6~W\ b~


    W{)vk. to ft,t. '51.j'Sfe..m b~ ~~+) rL~ p e c.+we.l~.

    The.

    o1-~1

    A.

    j"'-,s

    co",~'''''t"c:l

    ,....

    p,.sn~- ~ll~de..r C4.s.r~~b{d'


    ncfe"''''''''''~e :th~ C~""'"t" j", ,,,,f-el""'--~( e",e~",( oc. 1-~c. ~CA.S

    ve,.",M..

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    ':/IVD-:

    ~CH1:~i\TIC.

    ~r.

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    -=;2.++

    p~~;~

    , '1

    A,.at.lI\ ::\ 1.'~.

    ",~

    pidot\ ~ei,ki = \000

    ---~.s

    I
    I

    elec:tya''--l r e ,,'.dor 1v"A~~ff.rs e~e.'--"1 7b

    Al'\

    lCNOwIV:

    I
    I

    '

    t L.

    Li:II---

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    ~r"'l-k"", L.Q -t~

    I.

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    PIS~Vl

    f,1U.f -t~ ,AS',

    s.

    ~ ... -t""-a j4t) .A'PE:o J Ato::':.O,

    ;--:.0, At<-E:.o,
    ..

    lb+

    p.'.tlo""

    rer,,,to('

    i~

    t.lt\d

    C~"II\cUt- c.A.~ ~

    l'\.fT(ed. (so) Tke.

    I"

    Vte"I""",~, So 4"V: 0

    An e",erj'j b~\o..nc.~ ~

    *"'-c.

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    -+

    '-

    2. fD,..~ ",s+Oll'l.)
    FOr" -tt- '1.t~-1 ~ -::.0,

    ~U'1

    for f'~ .l\.Is,&I'ar,

    t'1(~
    0

    l~p,.dO'" + C~U)'4.s -\- (~)resistorJ


    o
    :)F-W

    or
    fO.r ~ p'6+On

    (~PE )p,s~",::: \'\'\~(Zl,-ZI)

    for
    t'\a..k

    ~ s'1.s~"'" c..O""hS-h"'~ 1> frG"e~-~"iW'\j PIStov\ (4lu~fiCiV\ 'f)


    ~ 0.--1<:

    -t't..... ~r

    ""

    '1-\'1-t

    (J..-..).

    ~~S)

    ~ SVIM~ ~ ~ (..1v-,' e.-l <..u o~ a,t\d. -f'1t- wo,..1::. dol'\cfls:hn v.::. tL.'spl( cA~ ~ S'<.i.('Yl)"..,dA'''j lA.~tPAA.~:

    w=- We\~d + S(a;~ Ap.'sb\)c:lz.


    'Za-,

    ~ W ::

    'Weled -\-

    -ft....t

    a:;f

    (fA~ API'r~)&J(Z~ -'Z.,)

    :&.
    ~ru.J.jl

    '" 'd (2,-" )


    (~U}9Q.S ::.
    -

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    = -lWel',* .. CP..-t.. ...,.>Io.)(2."-

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    S+\.\l~1
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    ~

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    tu~~tifl.j of air lA.,ltie.C1ce s 0.. p roces IVI ~ verhca!


    p. IsfDYl- CA.i I,,, de,- a 55 e.m ~J &.f. The. 'Hi fjl).{ QY\ J flblaf volcA.m(s 4r'e 9 .iten, tJ. Jile.(

    KNOWN:

    A "-",own

    ,.ke. ChQ~C.

    ,"'\

    s?ec(~\c. \"'~et"V\..~l e~e"3Y l~ ~~e.C( ~\ed..

    EI Nl> : DeferwlI e fke he... <Xl- ;- ret V\ s{:. e i" ~


    Ie. Pc...

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    AS5UtVlPTlOWS ~ (I)

    The o.tr is

    rYlpi*:: 5D~

    a. clo~-eJ

    A pj~t = 0.01

    59 sfe m . (z.) K,we.ft" (J, tit:!. pof-eVl+ia.(


    eraertjtJ effecfs ttrc Vle..q{i.9 il,/e .for
    +f,.t.e ttw (3)

    Tttere. is 110 rri cftOtl

    betwee fue pisk>ll &4.Jo\d fWl etj/lilJd-er x:


    ural], (~J 'The. "Eroce~s .()CGurs sJo"!J/~ l'

    of fJ.rL p'S~.
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    cemsraKt, B = q .!>I w,/sa.
    LVt#t 110 a.ce~(e,~(),fl()11\

    !N.41tYS'~:
    ~ectw

    'W\lt' a

    V, :

    AIR

    "",2-

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    = 0.005 M 3

    5L

    V,.::O.002

    '- - - - - - .. --

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    k:r{.~

    for &e. pistclI\ J ~ Fx.:: o. Thus J if p is tke pressu.,.~ exer+e~ be;

    PatmAp,st

    pAP;6t = P{,t.fywA-pi st

    t'

    Mpist 9

    IN
    I

    TO

    fl~ ot tke ('(')Of"k.

    I S COlt SfCut t

    vv :: j

    k.Pa...
    for tke P'focess oJ use E.i 2./7. Noh""'j +/.ta.1 fWz.
    IttCf.OS

    fr"t'SSUYe.

    Y2,

    ptlV

    e,

    p'V?:V,)

    V,
    =.

    IujM[S

    '0

    (J"t1,05 le.Pc..)(tJ.oo 2 -D.005)...,3

    ~ - O~l.{~7 kJ

    tJl"""1

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    0

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    Now,; the. eVle,r8~ l?alCf.~u. r.edAJ.ces.Jo ll; f~ +4t.r ::.Q - W. -rh.u~ WltlA
    AU = WId''''' Au...
    J

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    a. :. - l.l '-(1

    Q
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    A ~Q.~ ",,"""'-ev-s0e.l

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    'The.

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    mpist - 10 kg

    A$SUMPTION<.? ~ (I)

    The.

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    "',- 0-

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    I

    w\~ '1\0 Cl.c.c.e.\eY"Q.+La""- of +w.


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    IL

    mga. - 0,5 III


    ~

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    ~~" \~\~\<Z..
    .
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    ~ J x + ~'l.

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    0

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    =-

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    + ~'/.1\)3 ~ j( (p.o:W\)1..)

    =l
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    Df

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    ~ 'AS' r~~-h>
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    ".SSUMPrtONS: (~)

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    , Process

    -100

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    Ike ,s'J,SteWl is ec. cLosed ~'j$}e.t1'\"(b) 1-<1'iAe+ic a;v..J. po+e.1I\-k"(l(

    e.\I\~"~'1 eQ.e;fs tlt"" ~ V\~ le.cl~~"

    A-uM.'{SlS~ <.0.) Ee.'3'''''~\~ w,~ ~Q.. ~,oce.ss 4-1


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    tv ow ,
    c\..

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    ~(6U):=' O.
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    ~ 0.. ':., 300

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    =-"-;>
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    l.b) l= () t" +~e.. c'(c te,


    Wc'(c,\e,

    <D

    ~ W I 1,.

    + W\\.( "'" Wc'(l


    -:. (-Cooo) +( -r!>oo) + (100) +Wl.,"!>

    '"

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    T\,.u..~

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    72
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    ~.

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    d. d:.'~'-S-~ =/
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    A-~AL 'lS IS ~ ~ot' 0.. t'{C.\~1 ~e. o"erQ,H


    i~

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    A- ~a.s ul>1~e.Y-~oes

    -l-1A~V'MO~'jV\ec~lc. G\jc.fe c.ot\su+'",-,

    ,f -H..raprocesses.
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    I
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    sl.Afer~~eJ.

    vo.por

    <"o~

    ."..

    V"

    ,.,

    - "

    ~(
    ~ ~

    .....

    ~1'
    0

    1~.1

    ,.,",,"14'"

    .030'
    IOCl~

    - 10F

    !It.
    \"

    V-

    1.1"

    3- I

    T' :IoDF

    r =-1 'f. 7
    ;o\loJ

    I b~I"14 2-

    PR Of3LtM 3.2

    -r

    p::. 5 btu
    r::. 151. <1 Dc.
    -/5/.'(;

    fWo-phi(~e'ifUid-

    V0r

    ~jxnue

    ( bJ

    p =5

    bar

    c
    5 u.perheetfed vapor-

    , : 2.00

    3-Z

    1000

    c::
    ...,

    !i=:

    100

    ...
    Ql

    ::l
    til
    til

    ~
    n,

    10

    1-1----r-----r-,...-,----r-----r-,...-,----r-----r-,...-,--.---,-...,----i
    240
    280
    160
    200
    o
    80
    120
    -40
    40
    Temperature CF)
    -Q-

    --'6--B-

    .R134a
    Ammonia
    R22

    1000
    Critical point .....
    100

    ...m

    t; =374.14C
    oC =220.9 bar

    10

    ::l
    til
    til
    Ql

    ...

    o,

    0.1

    0.01

    . - - ' Triple point


    TIp = 0.01C
    PIp = 0.00611 bar

    -0.001

    50

    100

    150

    200

    250

    Temperature CC)

    300

    350

    400

    PR06LE,vf .8. 5

    100

    .--------------------------.,;--~

    10

    1
    ('l:J

    o,

    e.
    ~

    :::J
    tJl
    tJl

    MPA.

    0.1

    Q)
    ....

    n,

    T::300"'C.

    0.01

    ;T':.IOOOC

    SAt.

    ""rt~

    0.001

    0.0001
    0.001

    0.01

    0.1

    100

    10

    1000

    Specific volume (m /kg)

    10000 - , . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    1000

    100

    10

    +-.......,...--r---r-r------,,...-----,-,..-.......,...--r---r--r---,----,--j

    -40

    -20

    20

    40

    Temperature ("C)
    -G-

    ---fr-fJ-

    R134a
    Ammonia
    R22

    3-ti

    60

    80

    100

    P1<O~~ 3.7
    (a.)

    "-1.-0

    . T":::.("oc..

    <r :.,"-0

    \N\'l/k.Q~

    T~~\e... A -'2.: }r4- ':.(.OOl~ ~(o-31M.\/k~ I


    va -V""2.0 - t. 00 l R 'l'( 0-)
    X -:.

    (6) Pr-0ro.V\c.. i

    \r~

    - "{.

    p"::.

    ~::. S7.1'(( W\'l/fc:,.~


    0

    S 7.1Q t _ (.00 (~,*,(0-3

    -=

    \'5.00

    b().T"

    V'

    ~ O.

    0';2.

    -:.

    O. ~lf(P (~t{, (g ~ 4!!"<""'---

    qql

    W\)

    /"5

    T a.ble. A-I, ~

    \1"5 -:: O. o:t qq1 W\~ k.'j

    =? )( =-l

    (lOO

    l<=-) Re-C .. \. ~ e r Q. "\, { . \ ~ '-( ~ j T:: <.0 0 c., <r:


    ro..b\e. A-lO~V-~ ,:o.q\{~~ (O-JW\\/~5

    %)E:<:----'::
    I

    _ 0.00 l - O,q.{ ~ ~ (0- 3


    )( - O,OU"'\ -O.'lt.(~(O-:S :: O.O()-(.(q

    O. 0 0 l

    V'~

    VV\)

    Il'j

    =- o.o u
    0

    (Oc,{'l%)E:

    W\}/~
    ><

    '

    (d) AIN\~ o~\ o, j p,:: ( MPeA. -= lO bo..f'" I \.r ~ o.t ~'\ I k.~
    T ~b\<. A -ll{ ~\1"~ ':: l,lP$ ~\( 1- (0-~~I k.~ I ~:. Q.l'4.ffS
    <r - \r" _
    o. l - l, l.P S ~~ - (0 - '} .
    't "'::.

    ~/

    1M

    "'I-

    \r~ - 'T~

    Ir::.j

    O. \2.4l$ -l,t.S~4 'tlO-")

    10000 - - , - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    x--- Critical point
    1000

    p = 66.98 Ibf/in.2

    100

    '"C

    !'::::
    '+"

    ..c

    =
    ~

    10

    ::l
    VI
    VI

    C.

    0.1

    0.0 1

    -!--"""""""'""T'"T""T'---r---r-r-""'--"'--'-"T""T"T---r---r-r-..,.-r-"'---'--rT'T----r--r-r-rl

    0.01

    0.1

    10

    100

    specific volume (ft"/Ib)

    3-5

    1000

    10000

    PRoBLeM

    (Q.)

    O. q*

    l4:1. 0 i

    p,: 14, (,p'{t.>

    l6.f i' V\..... J

    T~~\4!,.. A-~e ~
    y. =.

    (6) ~ f"o f

    V - V"~
    \r~ -\r~

    Ill>

    \r~ ':O.O.\~l~ ~') lib


    ~

    ;t S' - Ot-O((Dl~
    :2.v.~o -O.OC<Dl~

    i T -:::. - ~ 0 F
    TQ,b\e A-( It>E ~ <r -:
    o: '"

    <r ~ ;2.. S +-\-'l

    eo.

    .\.r:.

    O. 0

    v-~ :2~8'O++l/lh

    -::.0. q ~"5 (q'3.~%) ~

    ~ <.e> ';:) ~ .c.+~ (l h

    .~ "::. 0, 0 ~~~"1 .<:-+"l lib


    sc\,"~r~\-t.~ llq Vt.\.J. . . .;."";) )( ~ 0 (0

    ('-)R.e.c.,..\~er().~ l~<..\~
    T ~~\e A - \\ e .
    Yo -=-

    (d. ') A

    ~ - .\r-,:

    ,,""~-v..f.

    r= So

    Ib~/l""~ I

    v-~ : 0.0\).S ~

    <r:

    .c..tJ lib

    x
    %) <iIfII!:~~--"";"';""

    ~O,S ,,-+\ lIb

    v-~ -::. O,ci'{'l").. ~1 lib

    -:. O. S - o. 0 \ 2. S '2.

    _
    (
    0/ )
    o.q"("l'" -O.O\'2."S':l -o.S~~ S:t,"i,Cl 4

    iT-=- - 4 0 F I <r -:: ;2,. 0 -4~ I t b


    T ~~ l~ A- l~ e:
    l.r+ ~ O. o':t~ ~"l.. ~"\ I (6 I v-~: ;;L4, ~1'2.. c; Ilh

    W\ "",,"0 ' " '\.

    0..

    _ '-r - v:& _ 20 - O. 0 "t '3 "L<...

    y. - \j'~_ U"f -2'(. ~ 1 ':t _ 0.0'-'\ ~(... - O. ~ Ol(

    <l
    ~I \
    0.4. 10 ) ~

    PRO{b(,EM .3.ID'"

    F1rs1j +Ii.-td +LtlL speciflG '/J7>w..me


    V
    O.OS"'W}3
    v-=
    ~ O.02S'J1I) 3
    j
    A)owJ f~e flLQ.li ~ is

    m::

    x --

    '\r-

    "lr-f

    -"Uf

    ::

    --

    1J:1

    O.OlS - O.~b)c(D-"3
    3.il~ '110-1. -o.gctc,)C' (0- 3

    a.CD4$ (~f.(.S

    %)

    ~4------x

    PR.DP.>~~ .3.L''k

    p -: '1

    ~q".

    T=lOOc
    TClbie A - \~: $l)..pet"hea.fe.d V()r

    V: O,Ol~21 ~3/1~
    W\::I.)l -::.

    <r
    1.1

    ~ 1...3<" k

    to. \

    \M~ }---e""""l~~

    (O.0'1~2.1 If'I\j/~}

    4iir<---------.,;~

    ><

    -pROBLE.M 3.1 z.'J1T. : VI. = 1,0

    II- 3/1 b

    1Ab.'~ A- (3:

    Vf-z. =O.02'UQ -If'l/II,I'Uja= 9.l\00 f+~/Il,

    ::.>

    V'J. --,.OU-if II,

    x =
    'Z.

    V'~'I. - lr.f 'Z.


    :.

    r.o -o,o~t..(\9
    q.uoc -O.O:2tt(Q

    ':

    o. \O"l

    1T

    ( (0.1 o )

    X'''-

    <

    t'R06LEM .3.13

    ------.v V::; o. 0 d; W\I\ 3


    ..

    R- 22

    "v\;\::;l.2.~
    P ~ \,0 betr

    V:. ~::.

    0.018 ~'l
    i .

    2.lCj

    =, D.DrS "")/~

    '*

    'fQt:b/e A- 1: '71+ "'v'" vg


    I-wo-phc..se
    , fAt l abar i TSQ.f:: 2.3. oec: c

    T .~

    PRO~LE~ 3.llf
    ..

    ,,-

    -_.

    ._---_._.---

    (0.)

    ,-:~oooF":::? ~~l"'h~aJe~ 1IlapOr"


    ~:

    1)'::

    0.514 .ft3llb

    V = h\ V = (2 lb) (0. S l i #,3 tI b)

    :: l.()).e .ff~<

    "

    (b) 'X::. 0.8 =:> +wo-phcc.~e li~u.L&- ""'(>Of" thixmre


    Tdbl<. A 3~: ~ :: O.O)./sq Jr31i b

    11j ::. O.'l'l" -H 3/ lb


    1,)" :. til: +x ( ~ - 'tT,) ::. 0.3" 12

    Hz. 0
    M ::; 2.

    V=-

    v=

    Lb

    . 1'::: 1000 IbfJ,~?-

    #31 tJ:)

    ~ lb)(D.3fofZ.f+ 3/ 11.. )

    -::. o. i

    1.2<..f

    .f+3~

    (c) T::. 200 e;~ .=9' ,su.bct>ole& (co*p,..~S'see()


    Tc4le A-"s.: V' = b. 0/('58D .q311b

    I"

    v
    1A.(e(

    V :: @)( D. olb S 8l -:. 0.0331. .f1~


    3-1

    --

    ---

    PRO~LE.M 3., S--

    v~

    l W\3
    p~\ bot'"

    R-2;2.

    Us'~g J.a.fo. froYh Th""~

    R. :

    A-

    tr=1lf+ 'X(V;-1r.I)

    '/. =.0,'5"

    -~

    :O.10,\~'l'lO +- (O.1S)(O.:USl-O.l()~
    :. O. llt>l ~ W\~

    ~
    "'to)

    k.~

    '). ::. (\ W\ os )
    r
    (0. t~,y ~~ I~)

    W\ ':.

    W\ ~. <O.l~C1

    k9

    Co:

    W\

    Fi vs-f. defe. ....... '"'e +tte a.It,solufe.

    V=2ft 3
    "h-\: 5 Ib

    pr<.ssu~

    P~t.\5c + 7'4ht--.
    = '7L3'1 + 1'1.1./ = 8 S, 1q Jbf/J~~

    p::

    rS~e = 11. 3tf 11of./,~~

    ~-hNt: JLl.Ll/~flt~~

    Now) 1T:: VIM:' (2 .fI-3Y(s Ih)


    :. 0.4 .f+3/lh

    T:.7

    tlt-t p ~ B5.7tf
    'Vf."' V~ 1J9 .. fwc:>-p~.fe Iiqu.itA.-

    FrOM TfAlole JI\-IOc

    'V"a.pcr ~ ~~t.e

    7ku.s, T= ~-f

    ~ 70 of.

    PRD8u:M .3./'1 v

    sa-I. \I~P<?t" I ~: Y.).1cj


    p= lSo beAr-

    v=

    Fat tk lwo ~r~4Se. lit\Ald-l/apw

    "n\.x.ft.tre.. fu

    O.~ ~3

    -ir

    Sfe.C.'i.f.ic. ~WLa.

    is

    V
    ~rt\1~

    c.a
    :.-------( "?>/~ + t{, ~ )
    :: 0.0 ';tS"

    "rn 3 /

    ~ oliG..,----~

    PRD&LEM .3. /B

    A t\1 Y\'\0 V\ i do
    Va 0,2.1 ~6

    T::.,,-oc,
    saf().ra;fu( Jitu.'cd

    U~I;"9

    da..+a.. from T4ble. A- /3:


    1/ =~~;lOoc : I. b38' X{O-3 '"tl1:l/~

    1'Yl

    = :i...
    V

    ::

    0.2.1

    1.1t138')('O~3

    ...
    -

    1~8.:l ~.4--;"':

    M T=~OoG; ~~..L:: 8.57'2 bat' I u>o /P('4. \


    -r

    ,I.ar

    =BS7.h2 kPA.4~~
    3-8

    'J
    p

    J:-

    . . 11./ v =0.00"

    ho\ J

    P = 180 IcPA,

    R-l3Lf"

    =-(.8 bet.-

    Far-st,., l.(.~l.~ dafA fro~ T(,lb/e~-" a..r f::'I.8b~


    #te spee,fL~ VOLuMC va,riss- w/t"- "'lS follows:

    v ::. vf + ~ ( V; -1If )

    O-!:.x~1

    ~ o.71f6SJ(LO 3 .,. X (0. (Otf8- ().7'1BS)c/O-~)

    :. Y.. :. __~:..;;;...;:~
    0.00(0

    ""
    W\,: X

    ...~~__

    0.7'(8S ><10. 3 .,. ")( (o./o1os)


    ~

    f :. Wi

    - 'Wl~

    "ttJ ::. ~ M9

    Voltt~e ~'f

    5 ~:(-'!!
    v
    v
    ca..lcte.la:\-t01l\: x :o.q j m = D.OCD01 Ic.,g J "e/v =0.'1"'13 J V-I/"; 0.0007

    5(k~p\-e.

    Th~ .folloWlttj IT c.ok. is

    used -10

    cl~vtdf)p -t~e plof.s .klOLV:

    p 180 II kPa
    V=0.006I1m 3
    v = vsat_Px("R134A", p, x)
    vg = vsat_Px(IR134A", p, 1)
    x=0.9
    m=V/v
    mg=x*m
    mf=m*(1-x)
    vfrac_g=(vg*mg)N
    vfrac_f=1-vfrac_g
    mm=mf+mg

    Results for sample calculation


    0.9
    0.06065 kg
    vfrac f
    0.0007566
    vfrac_g
    0.9992

    x
    m

    resllHs c.oV\\pa Ytl. weU wi~


    +ke. l"'-esu.Hs of ~e "'A.~ CCl.\cula.tt(M,

    'T\-tese

    Ct~()ve.

    1-,---:::;;;:=='1~'i"F""""'!:!""~-,r---z::r---=-____o'l

    9 --,--------------,
    8 -

    7 -

    6 -

    15
    ro

    0.6
    0.5

    0.4

    0.3
    0.2
    0.1

    Q)

    :::I

    2 -

    O-t----,--=;::=:::::::P='F==9--.....,.-"r---9--9----4

    1 -

    0.9
    0.8
    0.7

    a
    I

    0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

    0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8' 0.9

    -e- liquid fraction

    ---&-

    vapor fraction

    fl1e wtut;S CO'\1-ta.llo\eJ l'v.+tu.-f-c,...uk. cl~(.Vf./.C4..t4 r~tJ.~ wai.. ~"CJY~i~ .~\A.tLli.~.lk . .


    C.OV(UPOl\At~j Vo-{u.t\Ae ~ch:(I\.\S of' lil\.\it.< ~ol "tAf-9r tAKlJ. s-HLo~ ~c.~
    6>+ '{\A{t( ~ (J../J w-e It .
    3 -tt

    PR06LEJ1 .3.20*
    Frovo +.he d.e+iVlrh6~ of ~u(tli~
    T=

    300F

    x=o.g

    W\~-:.( t;)')W\3 -= (l~~Rg)(~ (b) =.0.SI6 < W!

    (~O%)

    $a-t. vapor
    ':.:l. lb

    T~

    w\,

    -ld-a.l

    Yn4SS

    m io5

    +YhCJ:' O.S +- a : :>..S lb


    u.~\"'j ~ .fV"oY\'\ table. A-2E. a+ 300 OFt
    W\::: 'm f

    sed-.(i1u.i tJ., Wl.f

    tr::: ~+X (1I"g-'\'f) =0.0 114S ... (.~~(,.t(1~ -0.0114'

    ::. 5.l ~ \\ #3/tb

    v:: m"U':

    ('2.S(b){S.l~l\ ~'}/lb)

    = l~.q~ -C+~

    PteDf>L.E.t4 3. 2

    ,~

    KNOWN.~ A two-fha.se lifU.id- VdPO'- M ;xlu.re of waler;. ti4iflaLL!J at A ~tC1elA 'P"esse.t"<


    Q.M ~kecIH:Jl i' heated ;~ A. clDsed 81(( ~k"- ",tif ()~~ so:kA.ra.ieel

    Witter I/4fDr rewtt"''''S. ~e. volu.""' \S \<."'ow~.


    ~: :De -It:. f"Wl I i-\e +~e.. \/\f\ M! o~ ~ eo IN ()..~ e r t \"\ ,,'" to {. ~ '" k..

    0. V\ c:l. iJ\\to C, "'\A \

    Pre \~ \A. re .

    SCtfEfAA-Tlc../t 61VEAJ 'DA-TA-:

    -1-----...- - -

    v:: o.:t w?'

    p - 'J
    12.
    -

    ~:: ~ J,4V"
    ;..., _ _

    -.1-

    x.::o.s

    _I

    Xl.

    I'

    =[.0

    1)

    A;j~VMPTtOnJ :(1) The wo,4er is a. closed. s~s';e1lll.o.J The votawe ~"'o( W\o.s~
    Qre. CO""S\.""""'+'
    ANAL\{SI~ U$tj.,9 rJ..a-la. -froM Tahle A-3) the ;tI\itia.1 Gpeclfic. volume is

    1If. +

    ('Vj,- Vi. )
    = l.OQ1hXIO- 3 + (.5) (0. 31t<ct -1.Oq,{P

    V; =

    X.

    = o.. ~~ 0

    W\3/ Ie:)

    ""~~, +h.t. ~~ \~
    w\:.

    8~

    C\ {;S\A. ~ p+\oy\~(I

    P"2,.. ~

    JL ':.
    v,

    ~,o-3)

    l o. ~ ~'" )
    ~"' /lc.Cl)

    (O.l8ClO

    J a,~ ( '2.)

    'P.so.t <t 11"~

    ::.

    ""'2,.

    e,

    --

    I.Ol.'i

    Ie.

    ~ ~(-----...;..-

    1.1;. TIuAs

    to. $" ba,r ....


    ~--------------.fj.
    3-10

    PR06LcM 3.22
    kNowtY: A srec.ih:ee.t o.V\'\"u.wt
    0.. \{.~~Y\ "Ii\i-\-i,d ~~ie
    <A..

    +0

    heCl+~ i'IA ta..closetl) i'<jl<;{ ~~k


    sped-Cie.& +\~Al +..e..V\-\pera.+ure.

    ot waku is

    ~: 1)eJ.eYf..nhe. +fAe. \'VICt~S o~ VCtfDY'" '1lI\i+i411~ fY"esevnSCHe.MA-TIC

    a.k4

    tn>Y\f\

    +~Q .ft",~l pY"eSSlLfe.

    "'VEU 124TA :

    I
    I

    l-l '2. 0
    M:

    -- --

    \ID

    I
    I

    --I

    S1-a-~e I ~ T\::. Z CoODF") Xl


    S1a:le. '2.: .,..~:. '3'2.0 0 F

    =O. ~

    tV
    t\5SUMPrioryS: (I) r~e Wa.+er ls +he

    closed scaskm. (2.) rt.Q. volf,t.Yl1e. is u:>nsl~H.t


    ANAk"1S1S'. T"'e \",\+i~\ W\c...~s of VClfOi'" lll\ +\,..cL -I-tA.&o\k. i~ ~U.M U~\l'\j ~
    l<:t1.o(.A)V\ +o-kI \I\1."~S GlM-& fu ; tA.A.lHj X \ cd +L~ \\I\i+iA I sk~c..
    Y\'l~\:: X, W\

    = (O.(g )(s lb) :: 3 \b..

    ~g,

    S\~ce. +~ vol.u.~e.. t\.~ ~ W\~5 {.\.V'~ (.OrlS+'UA..t dM-YlV\j .f~Q.


    --the. -srec..l:hc. valu-miLs o.:!,s\..dGS \ a."'-C1 '2 axe: e.",e.ted ~ ~'Z. =~
    F,"o'f\'\ -ra\o\.e A- ze:
    ZtDooF.>
    o.one!> Wllb CAM.t:l Jt.J;.= 11.17 #3/11,.
    -r~s
    V2,.='Vi::' '\Jf,+ X'(~'-"\)f')
    NOW)

    f.'lOC05S.>

    '*

    '\.Jf,=

    =0.01; oS

    + (o.~) (ll."

    - 0.01108) :: 7'0"88 -+~/lb

    Now) .f.-<-o'M\a.Io\e. A-2e. 0.+ 3.20 DF J '1Tq ='1.Clltf #3/lb. ~1~Ce. 1Jz.>.tr~~32.00F
    5~e 2 is iV\ ,.lAe su,pedl\ecctett \/GAfOi" ('.e~\'b1.-\. ,.~us, 1"\ reV"~ol&<.h Y11 \V\
    Table. A-&+ a.-I- .32..0 0'::, 1o~813 kt- 3/ lh
    r2-~ lo4. 2.1 Ibf/IIA~~

    3-11

    P,

    P~OBLEM

    3."2.,3
    A

    j(Now"i:

    -+0.'" k
    S

    F I "'-''C:

    ~E

    Pile-,'/ied
    {.- 0"",

    ~ "-,V/31V

    w.der

    1'\ I- v
    -r4""t::.

    +~

    heo.:lec::l.

    is

    ~ +.... ole.. i-o

    i ""-t',,", .....t

    lAh'\

    pr-o ('GU'.(

    0-/

    +/..\~ Vol .... ko<.(


    :SCH~fvI~Tl<:

    K"'-o

    0...

    +c."- + ~

    of

    Q.""'-OU"'-+

    A" c::l

    (ll>\."/

    ,,;'\

    Co\.

    f.' "". I

    0...

    r 1Cj ,' <d

    P r ~ t.r ......re..

    cL..'A.~ r~l'to1.S'. D e k,,#4A.A,'-A..

    P- II

    ~""'p-er4~"..e

    -It.......

    c:..losecl

    A..++~

    F""....J. s-/-ta..k.

    'D,q,,Af:
    1500(.

    S-to.~ i:

    S4-.{.Q'Z:

    I---+....=~.J----~5 \::I&r-

    s0.1.li.,. A.1 Iso't

    1''2 = 2~ e M Pc...

    +--4~-----+---

    I5"Ooc.

    ASSt1""PTIO~s:l. The

    WA;'er

    Afo..)M..'1"~I$:

    1I0Jvl'Vle

    +-~
    Vz. e-

    SIW\C'e

    .:s'-:.Uo',",

    t'e~;ol'\.

    I:>Q+t....t..
    'v'1)

    II,) ~

    1I0luWl.IZ

    15"'0

    Syd~U4.
    l;"\AAs.s

    s+o. +('> $

    0+

    ....:0

    ~""d

    2. VO{Vk-\e re~',-\s

    r'e ~. "" c. O.-1,s h:t ",-f d.().r'- "'j


    L) ?0..1" e
    12 1 u......( :

    0c.

    "-f(lSbOC): I.OtiO\"''l</o-

    T-I/

    Tt'\+e,.po/4fnl'''~

    .,....~ ~t-J.

    -=

    fb-f-~

    o, ... c::l.

    prouS$ ) +~
    SfE>60f"!C.
    v,, n-Q\N"o"T~ A- 2- (:lI.t-

    V,
    As

    is. -fJ1 e. c.'os~~

    p-v

    \M"!llcj

    c::L.~'f6."""3)~+o.~ 'l..

    I~ A-S

    7i =

    "Jill"E'oS

    14 l.M~ l;-;I..1l'ci
    ISO, ISoC .... - d i & - - - - - -

    '-"'V-=.

    V\o\

    "\J:::

    ~ooo ~q) (

    o~ or
    103

    3-12

    :i:)
    ~a

    ==- 2..1 S I \M"S ...


    ...:gar-

    PRoraU2M 3.2 c+ lit


    KWOWN:

    FIND~

    5teo..W\ 'lS coole&. 1'" C\. closet< rl9\c:( c.e.mff.l\V\er !rOM ~ !c.V\own ;V1'iti,d
    skie {o (A "~E)(..(JVl fli!\A( ~re~SlA<e.i

    :De.-le.rtrll'i-\e. t~eJ~""tlt(CAht"e.a.t w~ \C~ c.owJ.-(.~Sct+l~ first occ.u.,s) fW2. kch~


    ofiW. ~( 'MASS tft.a.t l.O~St!.S ) a.Nf +-"-t. vol \,\ W'\ e, 0 c C CA'" C. 0(
    b~ s~:fu,V'O.~ed

    li,\lA.\tA. ~1

    ~e ft~~(

    staie.

    u'vw 1>A-TA:

    5CMMA-TlL ;

    f>

    p, :: 7 baY'
    T,o:. 500 0
    I

    Hz.O

    V':. l

    (..

    W\'1

    'U"

    A.55VMPTt.ONS~(I) The s.J-ea.wt is ~

    closed $~sk~.(:z.)Tht voluJl1e

    ANALYSIS: 8~ t\.$~ lA,w\P+cOYl5 (J) rAv.d


    ('c'5t''''~ G(a.t~ fY()~

    To10 I.e ,4-

    for,

    -C.ro_

    T~:.

    Ntd'J -&e. h(J~ of

    Jr.A.c.ft.~

    <:.e> M~I.(..~eJ

    :.

    =
    'Z,

    fW'a..c.~

    O. '5"0'

    W\ ~ /

    Ic.~

    To...b\~ A-~

    +kt .j.o+cJ \WlS<; #.G\-t


    :. 1- X

    VV\

    '<rtts/-a.",-f.. Tb~,

    lsa+@l\r",,-=L40c.. <111111114r-----------

    W\fz.

    -=.

    spee.c.flc. Vr-{.tM1ttl '1-$

    &

    L(

    ~ rQ,. -::.v"t,.

    ~e.Y\

    ('2.) ...

    is (.()n.shuc.t.

    tt'l\tLucses I~

    V',. - 1rf'Z,

    -v;

    ~s e.et

    1.-

    11f 1.

    ': 1-

    -:r.

    0.& t.{CAo -::. O. ~S'';).04~-------_--_


    W\.

    -::,j! _ (,\ W\3)

    ". - c.o. so,0 "",i I"~ )

    ::. t. q 1 J..
    ~&~ (+~c.. vot",,~c.. o~ ~~

    V~~ ':

    W\ V-.{-4 ':.

    V", '). ':

    O.OO:l 0

    hq, \A.'"cA.

    k.~

    Q;~ $~t. -:l ts

    (l,Ql:L "-~)(l.0500 ~(O-l

    W\) /

    149 )

    ~ """'~ tIIIIi
    ...
    ;;------------....:..:~

    3-/3

    PeOf3L,EM .3. Z 5

    I<NDWN: WO-+e'(' v~("l.S ~ea.~~


    0..

    \11\ o; clO$<ul~\'"\~\c( 1tJ..Wc. ~o~ .scd'U:re&. Va.pD\ ~


    10 tAo. !.L\.\.o WV\ ~\A,d +e~~.

    lc.V\O~h te.V\(\-pero.k\.re

    Emlb.'. ]e.f-.e.rml~e t\1e i~it;~( ~~


    T-'" av-d 'f-v d.\ o..~ 1'~W\ ~

    tt"'o.l '\X"eSslAreS l).w!. skete.~ the process

    sWJ-e. , :7; = lb00C.

    AS~VMPnoNS:(J) The. watey" VfJ.-Por 'as tA.


    ctose& s\1 s+eW\l\, (%0) 1L\e. volu.~e \s lonS~-t,

    I H-z.O

    Df\.

    I
    sed.-wpor
    : ~te. 1. ~ Tz. = "IooOe

    ------I
    ANAf.,'iSI'~ USlll\j ~~m ThJ,kA-4.) PI =1",'8 ba"r,~

    P,.

    W',~ tUSU.~\-lO'\'\~ (t) ~(~) ) 1,j~:: 1.1j :: O. ?>o, \ ~3j~, :I'nie.rpo\eth')\.5 ill\

    ThJo(e_A-.3) fz. ~q.qq bar ..a

    Tkus

    p:z.

    2. 'f(X)0C

    -r

    PR06t.eM .:3,2lo
    KNOWN:

    AMMO'4\\~ (A.V\de~oe~ Glt.\ l's()~e'('MQI P1"Oce~s *()M

    sto.te 10 -&4
    E.IbW.:

    sa.+Uret~ed

    "fJ.1'e('

    $te:d~.

    e:t

    ~lI\.ow~ \~a'A(

    :Determiv.e tke '\lI\ii",-, tll~ .ft~~\ p~~u.(.res I()..~ s\:e+(.~ flu ft"ocers
    0\'\

    -y:.". aM.&

    1>-V" eti~,rAMS.

    A~~()mPT\.OA)S.: (I)

    The

    clo-s;ed. 5t-}s+e.m,

    The

    \s~r~l.

    (2-)

    D.y\\MOVl;et is e,
    vroce~s ts

    3-14

    'PRo 6

    '3. 'J. T

    LE rV\

    A -hoo-ph.ASc.. li1V1'd-V()/"ol"" rY\I''i.~r~ i~ he'-\e.l 0..;' .f,xec!


    v'oII,)Me.,. fYo"",""" o.l\ iM-n'AI p r e s swr e +o;-~ c.r;h' cA....-l po,'",f.
    1)~~"-'I"""" t~ "Iv .. I'~1 t'A+ -tkt. i~'h~ St-A.~,

    t:::.NowN:
    F/vt):

    ~c~MA-nc ~ ~ IVI-J 'D1\7~:

    - - -I

    Ll.D

    I
    I rTi-'

    -I

    (<c()\

    rE1
    CD
    V

    ASSOMP'T'OI-.JS:
    'S

    '1 s ~ ",,-.

    T"'-'.

    V0 lUII4AJ

    2..

    'S,,,,,ce

    ANAL."rSlS:

    'r'Atth'+l of ~A#e.t- vl'\cler


    t\4 1M ~ 0-1~ ccwtrl-A K

    +,

    IIO("l,Ol\("

    CA.",et

    \;\AA.rt

    ...v~'"" co~t~lA-f

    T,.ldle. A -~
    o..+- ~ c..... ; ~~c..J )OO'I~) .s~2.)
    "T\I.M.1 I lu' ~ V t.. .... \I / J W~ l-\. 6.." ~
    W I ~ clo-.+---.
    DIo1.oo.
    '30 btA.r'

    +r

    V..f ~

    '1<) (V

    a-V~)

    Vt .... V-r

    >', -

    Vj -

    ....

    vf

    v,=

    v.,.=-v"

    '5"s:r~/O-3

    T~

    A- ~

    Prow..
    1N\ 3

    1l<j ,

    o.::t

    ~
    0.JSS- 1.2./(.,$")10- 3

    (b"" &- -

    I,

    ~l"r j

    Ib-

    3.2.8

    'P'RoBLEM
    t:::.~owN:
    E'/I'oJD;

    ~o-pl1.~ li'i v,d -vO-for Wtlx,ftA.re. ts he4.~~ ~+ -j...'),;ed


    all\. IlI\,'n'ed
    ~$i'e.t."~ -t-o -+tt.e.. erin' u...J. POI'vti-.

    fro""""
    ue4e,.........'lI\e +"'-"

    SCI-\-~Mf\"Tlc...g,

    4+

    tttu~.I,-J.7

    ;l'Iin4(

    .s-f-"..+e..

    1-----

    T"'e.. '1uth'll-;fy oJ- W(X~r vt'\eJer' Co,.,s,.de('~,ft'Oi1) Ii' -JJ..-f' c..(os~ed


    Vol ... ~ EO (' e """'''' ,''''t S C 0 11.1
    -f.

    ASSvMP,ION\:: I.

    S\( S~ "",.

    -r4.~

    D,..,.74:

    (:'!"~N

    +- ,.,

    VollJlM-lL

    A-1o.:>'4L.'frlfr

    Sll'\t..t

    T,.,&-l.t A-"lE.

    ~ 4- +1Iv

    we ~

    td T~ C-loHd

    c.OI'Cf'iUeI"A1loV1

    "'l.,.':. VI

    o.",d

    c ri h'e-\

    ~ lAta-1M

    re~A.i,",

    l'\-\.ot.S'r

    ~ 1"'+)

    s h..+~

    '2;

    c..e ..... S'~j,\+) V.. -=-V l .

    V1. ":: O. OSO~:

    .f./110

    fro~

    ' Tw..-s )

    U:>l~ d..-.+-. -fyo""",, T~ A-36 ~ 4-~ Ibf)i,,~

    "1":- Vof + ')(, ("'- V.f)


    ( 0

    '9
    .0 ~-o S

    0.01 'irt ')

    /.03"3- o,OJ1S5

    3-/5

    A specifie.d ~W1o(,lHi of ",,!a1-u- is hec.t.te.J. I~ '" ck>s.uR I'"~'~}l~ +ak~.-n.e


    volu.me IS k:lIlewn) ttlA.d da.t. tA....(. jiVe-ill .fct- -lite. ,,,,;+'4/ ttk.d .p.."INJ sfo-k.

    k.NOWIJ:.

    j)e+e.....m'vte. fke presSLLres 0.+ +1Ite ;lAitial CA.",d +t"'o.l 6-h:x.-fes.

    fiNO:

    SCUSlvtATIC

    Gol VE,A) DA-TA:

    ,- - - --,
    ASSVMPTtONs:(n The Wd;le,.

    II

    is the. cl6se&( sCj.fe.m. (2) The.


    1 '"'2..
    vO(t.tme.;$ corasft!H.i:.
    ~Wl
    /1 ~3.b
    __

    I
    IJ

    V =''3.3~ ~k/.e I: sa-f. vap.


    s-ltt-fe 2.: 7;.::: 400;:ANAL'IStS: "'h~ T--v ol<~ rcu'k j s snow)')
    -to -fl1e
    k:t. To de-kfm;lI\e T"v.f!. pre6"sures.J
    -nv-s+ fix. s-fc:de. Z. ~Iiitce tk. vol,.c.va-ae a.~
    WIlLS s Gt re COl'l&hJ.&tt t, ~ :: V"&,. TLtus

    "'"i

    "\J

    ,/~-p,

    1.J;. :: Vim :: (13.3 #ir )/(3 lb) :: '1.tl333.f+'3/Jb


    NOW, j~terpola.fl'vlj "11\ Table A-~E. ~+- LfoooF) '1,'1333 f+.1llbj

    1h~vt) frot'l1

    TOl(l)/.

    A-3t:. ) o.:t

    1lj ::: L/."I 333 .f+3/lh j 'P.

    =: f}a.f

    (00

    Fz:r: 111.1

    'bflt~~

    I~f/,~.~..

    P,

    Pl<DBL-EM 3.30"'<NDWAJ:

    ~~

    A IM"""'- 0

    0...

    V\. \

    uV\.ele-r,oe$

    o:

    j{"'tll .s-M;/es

    ~s+tLf,(..+ fr"es-sure. frc{;ess.

    (Lt"e .+ixed.
    F I NO: J)e.+~.vm,~e.+f,te wor-le..fer +he.. pr~s

    A (;,\VW

    SCUfSMATlc

    per- unit WlfA.~ fJt

    o; """ IN'\.

    0 V\ \

    a.

    DATA:

    !' =: ').,sha r

    I
    (

    tt ,'i1itiaJ

    T, :: ~ 0

    N H3

    Sk.eIe z: .sed.Vapo"f"

    AS$VMPTLON~: (I) T~e refri~eru~+ is the closed


    5~'~Wl. (2-) The p(,~su"'e. re \'\1.\I".s CCl1~+tll.(. of:

    ANM8SlS: ~e. l.Vo<k, '15 ~~Y(\'l,~eJ us,l.1j ~,2. I i Lu~-\1.\ a.~~ull4ph~ 2-

    W::.

    SrtJ.V ::

    t'l1

    f11,r clv

    :: ynr{tr~-V;)

    T~hk A- \ 5' a.+ 2.$ ba,r~ 30c.; .V; O. Sl14S ~3/t<., . From Ta./,/e A- Il.f,l
    'V:z. :: 'lIj~~.sba,,... :. O."li6:l\ rYJ3/ k.!j'
    1'h.u.s) from C*)

    FrOM

    ~ = p (V...-U;) =(2.s ht.r)( O.<{nl-O.S71'lS) ~ IIO:~~"III~J~~W\1


    ::. - ~ 3, ~f.( k'J'/kj ....
    ~

    s-t

    w_'/-m

    PRoBLEM 3.3/
    K~owl'-L:

    WA1-er,os. c.olN>,,-USS~d A+ ~

    s+r.-\-4s.

    S'pt"c:.e 0'ed

    ~'.
    o.lI\..L ~

    1H-k"""""I',,~

    +"'e

    .c"or te:.

    +"-e

    SCH-~MI"rTI C.

    2..

    for

    co~s-h>.",,~

    -f'-'r.r..'~.U'~s &1+ t-h~

    b~ n.vf'eV'\.

    r--uSSI.4.n!.

    i .... i-h.1

    a. ...<::l

    f,,,,,....(,

    ?'" UH.

    two

    -t~~\'./

    01\'1'\':

    b I vS tV

    -- --I
    1
    I
    I

    \-\1.0 ,

    ,- ---'
    p ::.2,SCI lb0,,1.
    I

    V, -=-(,. ss W
    . s-\.o.-\e2 ~ Sa!.
    Vp,
    ASS\')MPi{ON~: \. Tha.. !j",e>\ eil"A.. h~'1
    VoluMI\(" cv...."'~c &0 +k.A ohl'1
    Lorlc

    ~~

    AtvA<.'(S\>:

    V\, \

    of- l..vtl4.-/-tr W +h.t c..JO$.tU .l''fs~lo1-1. 2.


    YIA.~d.~. TkAP"'-OClltS OC'C&4~ 4Io:t COfllS+-., ... -f p-uuv.,.e.

    s~e.c\"'~\C l/ollL"""-e.. \~

    \.'-.0. \

    !q.R~ ~) - "3 4\{ +4} I f b


    3. lb .
    .
    Fro- To.bte. A-I.{ t:, w,th Vi -:.5.'{\{ WIth o.~ ~,-:.~O lb{- (\ ~"t-

    !Vi ":- Y.!. V1'\

    T, -::.

    \000

    F ..4.....--------------------=-=-

    The. .c ~~, s ~ e C (C-lC. vo I l.\.- e, i ~ V"'!i 0.+ ~ 50 lb.y (, "\'"'-.


    t='YO~ T ~~ \~ A- "2. t:
    "'-r., ":. V-g ~ ,2,So ~~\ :: t. ~"t S" .c+'!. / I h
    Th""s T 1.. ~ <.{o L 0'1 0 F COClr--------------...:....::.
    ~ e, .c.~~ Q. \ v: l\A.W\ e, \ s
    Vt- :. W\).r.... ... (-;l.. (\,) (I. ~l(S ~) '" "3. (., q W

    T G e",~\ \A..oJ.t.. ~~

    w> ~~ ?d.1/

    W () r

    k-

    -::. P l V"t- - V; )

    -.:. (250 ~)\


    I"'''
    \V\'1-\ (~.CDq -~ ''1
    &21 ~l t tS~ 1
    \~"
    l ~'t.
    "g ~ \,*
    ::. - 141, CJ:>

    Wo.Je r

    '''C)

    Co""",,

    +u...

    c;,<cr----------------~

    fr~s~-e.ol, ~""> ~~ vo o r (c.. t~

    3-/7

    V\

    -ec.1~-L.\ve..,

    ,l<NOWN: WMf-(' is hila-fed llA 4. r'\s+O)'\-~li ~der o.s.semhlj ~ c.ortstalA.t ~~rerakt.re


    -from satu.nded vetpo(' +0 4. ~lVe.~ t-tJ,\ttl r",~suV'e.
    ~: 1)e+cnY\\J..o\. ..H'\~ way,," 'fQ.,Y't-ll'iltW1ttSS .b~

    s+eo...Wl to.bl-e

    JAk t>.~J (6) usi~

    a Gl \!W

    ScMeMMlC

    '!f\u.~e\'lcet.l jll\+e..,m.hc\o\ t).S"~

    (Q)

    IT:

    'DA1A:

    T~'tooF

    -+ State I: 5ed, VtLpOr


    s+a:k z : pz.:' 100 lbf/,i.-\2.
    MSVMPTlQNS:(1) Tl1e wtJier is fl1e dcs~ s~~.J..e~.
    (Z) The proc.ess occurs cd: CcrnSffu1t ~ertth,ue,

    /.tNAI-"/slS:

    (6.)

    To d~m"v1e.
    1);

    #t'!.

    (i>rfL U-S~

    ~ :. f'\1' z.p d V-

    ~~'1.- f, =-100

    -4--I-

    a.

    l.!.f
    ,,,,'Zoo

    ~S'o

    o~

    ~-------

    liz. ~.17
    lJ

    A YHtmtriCAI Sc~e-rne is ~Mplo~e.d wi+'" eta.-tt>. .from Table A~l.je af T::. J/()O"F.
    pC l"'fltiA~)
    v-(f}'llb)
    2.'17.'
    r. 8,lo (sec,t V&tfur"~TableA"2E.)
    2.)"l
    2.~'tf>

    2.00

    {&o
    I (Po
    I '-I 0
    I '2.-0
    I

    2, DOl
    3 . '" ltJ("

    4.01'1.

    4. ~ 3'/

    oo

    + (~O~\toO}(3.001_ 2.illtB) + (!bO~140.)( 3,qlr"-3'O'>1)+C'lO~20j('1.011"3.'t"")

    + (.\10+tOO~(,t.~34_4.01~)]

    l.l&.f

    '2-

    -I::.

    \,-\"2.1/_

    ..J+ ~

    I SMA
    1;8 #"bf

    (b) 1l1e +cllow;~ cede, lLSe-S ft,t r~+ej mftCm Cof't:tloll itj of IT

    Blo.11

    ~M

    B\'u..

    -10 ,;'fe1Ytt+e

    (f4r+~)

    (.>t)

    above;

    T=400 11F
    v=v_PT('Water",p,T) II ft 3 /1b
    W=conv*lntegral(p, v)
    conv = 144/778 .
    /*
    Using the Explore button, sweep v from 1.864 (sat. vapor)
    to 4.934 in steps of 0.01
    Result: W/m = 86.48 Btu/lb ""IIIII~;------'-----*/

    Nofe.+Itta,ftlAe

    resulk

    0+ F",...k

    (a) etlll4 lb) Ct~e

    3- r8

    J'/I\

    Gll9r~t;.,..eL4t.

    __

    ,Kt,JOWN:

    A ~""" 0'" \. 0s(>Q-clfl~

    0..

    Pi N P ~

    sk-ti

    Iv\\hCi,\

    ~ (.O.V\sh1.~ J)"e~4iu.v-~ prDcess .fyo~


    10 0- ~~"e" .f\~~ qU.Q.lit~,

    ~e. WOf'\".

    De...\-e,.. . M\\lVt
    SCl-YiM.A'nC t GrtvW
    Y\'\ ::.

    . v...~(.V'~oes

    DATA:

    '5 \b
    P, =F;. : too l~f/;lA"2.

    IN\..(3

    '=-

    3CpO F
    O.

    )(2..=

    gS-

    V'
    t\S5UMPTlOAlS:(1 J The r~t""l~e. ....a .lltt is ~ cl"se~ s~&+em.(2) Tke froc~ss
    3) Volume ChA~j~ is 'the 0"\1

    occurs a.t cowsra-n i: pre.ssure.

    WorJc:;.

    ~ . StoJe I is a. s~r"h~(,(,feJ VCtf8r. F<~teV"rl~


    3
    1J; :. S.Og~ ~
    / 1&

    +1

    Uslhj~ 9,,,e~ 'lUAJ,'+, o...k

    &+It.."c..

    '2.. o.lI'\.d

    JM.ode.

    to Table A-Is-e

    d6..ftk ~CMA. L~ I\-lt( C

    "7,. ~

    USIYtj

    Vf '*'~ ( V) - Vf)::' 0.D2 S"~l( -4- (Otg5)(2/1~q1- O.O;;)'~li]


    ~ ~.S(\\ 4"3/tb
    E1.~./7 -ft!) defe,r--n1'ltte f~e-lAJ(),..k

    VJ~ fVfd.V

    (Vz - V, ) ,. m p ('IJ"... -V;)

    V,

    .ItIlserh;".:J v al u.es

    IN = (S" 11,) (100


    (!)

    I'

    I"f/lio~)(;1.5111-$.Oll\{g) { { 1~~11!"7~ ~~~


    w

    = -23& ..fo 8lu. ~


    I. ~ ~+'r\4e'J'().M.*

    V\.9c:N+\ ve..

    tS-

    <.DM..pt'"esseot.

    +hu.s +k wo-rk \s

    PROBtEJI\ 3.3Lf*

    Wa,-\-ey- VtLPO< 1A~~~oes a... (,O'\'\S+a.",t v-oLu.W\e. cooll~


    followd ~~ i~o-l'keymGt( COV\.,,(.elA.sa. ftO'Y\. it> s:a+u.rtt-f-<A t i ~ u.icA.

    KtVOWkl:

    F /t.J D :

    E "o.l wllte

    ~ cij e.M Art c

    ,,
    I

    (0 b~("
    T; =400 c
    T..z.. =tsoC

    s+afe. 3: scd-.

    --~

    at

    &SSUMpnoA2S: (I)

    -tke VOIu,Me

    + lI\t\'lc;.s.

    l..c.~\.

    1:: =

    I-/z..D
    t

    f.Q,'f"

    Cc 1V &fJ l>A-TA:

    -.

    t:

    ite. w "V" k.

    Tl1e wt:t-+ev

    is

    I i~u(e(

    tSOc.

    -fL-ae <=-losetA sy~krn.(2) 'For process 1-2..1


    tr
    Z-'3" ttte fe,~peruf.tir-e. is umstau-t-.

    is. constaw.t. (3) For- proc~.s

    (Lt) Vol("('l'YIe dA.Gl~JQ. is fke 011 ~

    wor-k..

    Wlode.

    ANALYSIS'. L3~ a.ssu.:mpf.ion.s (2) aMd (4)-, 0 V' (lj process 2-3 Iv,val"es
    jo eval\,ta.-te i'~e. WDY'k:) be.~llA. wi +IA ~. 2.17
    '1J"z.

    \/2,

    VJ

    =fV,

    ra V

    work..

    =9 JtJ. = [
    YYl

    rc1v

    11;

    +,')(

    lJ~t) we
    easl sfeJe. (bt c1 tJfo.h.il/l r.eJevo.~+ c1.~-m.. SIi.1ce flAe rn~s.s
    a."td vo{u..rne aYe C011Sfa.#A..t -fo pro~s /-2.) "tT2.=-1.J;.
    Fro"V'\
    Table A- '+ ; 1..r, = O. "30 (P b rn
    w\+~ '\r", ~1T\ :::. 9. ~O(Pfo, W~ see \\1\ lO.lo\7 A~2. ak \50 0 c M ~ <:. t;r~ <:~.
    rku~ I s-\cd.e. z. IS ilA ~e. -fv.>o - f Mse) ll~l.t,e{-,,~ reJ,1tOV\. S',,\c.e .+Wt.
    fa.~+ure. is ~i-aM.+.foy- If(''~~~ 2.- 3) So is fk tp-r'es,u. re . '1~ i-.s
    :z. :: f~ ::. fsa.t ~ 1'50 oc -:: l.{.1 S<6 loar

    3/k.3 .

    .....,

    j:.i-1a.U J)

    -from Tabl~ Ji. ..Z) "V3 = ~~

    W J"'U"'~
    M = 'V. pd IT ~

    1$0,0<

    = (~o'tO 5"X' 0- 3 yvr3/1q. -rkt.{s

    F2- LV3 -1Joz.)

    :. (4.1S~ btA.r)(
    (])

    (.0'105 to

    -3

    - 0.30<0<0 )

    rn31 ro5~J'M'2.11
    , \ott,..

    IIc.J

    l03

    :: -l4S.tt k:r//;:'3 ~

    tJ.m

    WlM

    l. The !"e~el+lV(l. SI1Yl devtoks elltlW5:1 -Ir7JMs.fer- i!2 f~ s~$krn b~


    etu.YI~ process 2-3.

    3-20

    Wi)Ylc.

    ,kNDWN ~

    J<e.frl~era~f 22 f.4.Cll.devgoes 0.- pro,e~s


    ('.d(J.,+~ frovVI a ,tVtCit ,'l1itial sht+e

    FIND:

    Co.lcufttllZ tf..te wt>,-tt. fOr Ute precess,

    cSCL+eMAorIc..

    e"tveJJ DA1'A~,

    wi-l-lt (). trlown7",eSSu.,..e - vM.M.rM-t2.


    -Iv fA 1 we./A AlAaA 1~ssu.V'e.

    ~ ,+u.ranoV\ J,~t.

    Pc:. 2 bar

    10 bet-I"

    /V'

    T:. -20C

    +-- '

    p. :: 101ocw-

    PV I. os::: c,oAst

    ,,-~-).. bar

    '2-

    "~OCl

    The. wo,-k

    ~
    V'Z..

    W ::

    S pa.V=
    ~

    ::.

    Yn

    17.:

    W\[ ~dtr
    "11",

    (p... 1.T'l. - P, ~ )
    (I - 1.0S)

    = (2. lc:,) ((Io~l.(.t'

    )(O.OZ'I81Sn,3/10)) - (z)(o.ltS2.0j)
    (/-1.05'\

    = -13.""
    I.

    va va.l4.e tor wC>r-1e:.

    Co Mpr-e.ss ; 011\

    'O~ tJ M

    k.:r<llllil~~

    The. nega.l-l

    tk:T

    proc.ess

    3-ZI

    .itl d ic.o;fes +W ~ PY"ocess is

    PROC3Le~ ..3.3(P

    ~N.o'-9t.>: Ret-ri.~e.vtud: .1'34 e, ~\I\.~e\"~oes ~ fol~ fy-0ric, r r-O~S


    IVdt'tA.l STt:t-~e fO A.. j\\1e.", fl"'''-( +iV\A.pt-f'"afu.re.

    froM

    0..

    &"eci He&(

    'De+eV"Mihe the t'IVla:1 preS'$(.(.V"e ~V\& t\1e work. per u ..,I.+ Mtt.ss .
    .sCHeMATIC I (T( lieN PArA:
    p
    ...-z..- sd. v4.pDr

    FINP:

    I -

    I R13'i~1

    = 2DO k.Pel = 2 ba.r

    PI

    Tj = -10C
    T 2.. :: Soc.

    I
    1_- _

    ~ 'P'\f,.DS=. Col'lsf.
    -*-_~~1._ D':. 7
    f"J.

    p'tJ" I.OS ::. constant:


    y\ ': \

    '/

    .OS.

    AtJAL.'/SIS:

    Vi

    P, ': 2 bet r-

    +------'~~

    ASSUMpnONS: (I) The ~.rr\~ernM.+ loS the. closd


    sy ~+e.M. (2.) 'The. 'P'Coce~s is 1ol~h'"op\c.J wi+k

    state

    I is

    +ixec1 b!:J

    r. = -10C) p, =. 'Z.. bar.

    From TethJ.e. 4-.2..>


    = 0.0'1138 .f.J-31Ib. Tl1.u.s"wi-li-t +lttfJ. polfjh-opic prt>ces.s J(p~essl'o",-

    _(Pt/ r~ )!It,,,~
    5

    V2. -

    (it)

    a.1- T= 50<::" -rhev-E. is


    pre"su.Ye" -f11.evf- is "
    llll TalokA-/Z

    e,

    u.ni1ue '1T

    a..ssDci4+~ with e.a.dA

    ( S oj)

    'lr-tteble '= V (PJ T,:: 50 "c )

    .." T~e follow "~,J ~'e eP- da.f..A.. a. net ('Jo+ .aY'e. obkt.ill1~ ~,i~ ~i'~ ~ (it').
    fVhe('~ .fltt..e.. liMes II1+ersee:f both e"p ~SSfOn.s at'1!- s ().+i,sf.,ed Slmulta.1Il ous Itj.
    I

    Pcbc4"j

    C'J)

    <j

    D.OU5"Y

    Ci

    0.02.31'2. 0.02...,72

    LO

    0.02 '1(0 0.0'2.,,1

    ,;-- P 1T

    0.0284"

    - --

    II

    0.01'1',0

    12

    0.0,180'1 D.O 'i 1'2..

    .......
    ~

    ( JI :11')

    T=50oC

    /2

    (.~)

    ,.DS

    =co""sf~~-t (:of)

    "
    /0

    ...S)
    '-J

    ()~'V--+-----+~---+------f-

    0.02

    0.015

    0.02.5

    0.03

    1Y (W\ 3/ K9 )

    Froo +h'l.

    3-2.2

    piot :

    F'?- -::. ID.L/- b4r

    ~"......-----:"';;'

    -u;. ~ 0.0205

    3/~

    '(VI

    The. e.xp'r~sI()f\5 on ~~d (~1)


    ft.t~ .foUowil;\j IT urJ.A.. :

    <:.tU/\

    foe. solveJ

    ft1A.1Ad".

    more. ea..$i~

    USIi-t,

    p1 = 2 /I bar
    T1 -10 /I "C
    T2 50 "OC

    =
    =

    v1 = V_PT(IR134A", p1, T1) /I m3/kg


    p2 * v21\n p1 * v11\n
    n = 1.05
    v2 = V_PT(IR134A", p2, T2)

    (*>
    (*"if)

    The..re.sulfs..from -rhe ~mp():/.e,- solufL~ aY"~ Pe" 10.3'8


    to~\dA ~r.e.e wQ.{ll.Ol~ tLte 8ruphl~ reSl.l-[ts.

    loaf", V"z.:

    D.020i

    W)

    / /t..J )

    tJow) +Vt~ LNork l~ et-e-tevMill\ cut usi~ ~. 2.1, a..1.J. i'ke. rY"OCetM.-".,e. D+
    Sx&t~ple 2.' +Or the rol'1 trO~lC fY"8ce~s ~ 0Q-t

    :: J
    ~

    '-,

    1f~

    t>d 'IT

    -v.!
    I

    ::.

    f..f-z. "\T"Z. - y, '\it '\


    \:

    U.s;n9 the. -vttltA.es -frorY\ +1-,e

    W. ::.
    ~

    J-V\

    C-Ol'\I\(>u..J.e-r

    (10. 3~ IoCLr)( D. ~ ~Ol

    ~s/Ic,)

    (I-f.oS)

    = -32.21

    k.::r..

    -;

    .sokchCnA.
    - (2. )(0. o 'let 3 8)

    l"StJ/rr.~11
    lb&4.r'""

    \~ k"J" .1
    to tV-M

    w/f'l\

    PRDI3..E.M :3.31

    KNOWN.: Refri~er~fA.t

    13lfel ls (,oM'P.,essecl,1I\ a 'Pistoh-~li",kV'a.ssembl:t


    fyor'Vl ~ knD,Or\ initial stetfe ~ (;.. k.~bwY\ fl~t:tl yretSu....e. .. The
    prt!ssurt - ~pec.l'fiG VOII.LM~ r.4la...tUT\\~kLfJ fo,. tke ptl>cea is tJ\ vell\. .

    "Del-erml'Vte t~e work..

    E.J11.O;

    Sc HE-I1A-TlC.

    ~ sa.furaH<n\ ""'e

    ,r

    Go 'VEl) :DA-Td:

    1'l1

    =0.0'1 Ib

    P, e, ro Ibf1,'11\2l~ T. =-20F
    I
    Pz. I ~o Ibt-/,i.\2-

    Refrigera.&-\:t I

    --\-l1t-2._ _

    ""..... P V

    ::

    _-.l~1c-- I 0

    13'16.-

    ' 'D l~th",l,

    ce...sf.

    I bfltlA.&.

    ~oo
    ~

    pV' c..em.st.
    A

    -uf

    AssUMPTiONS; 0) TlAe rer"\1emlA.t


    ?O~tc"0t\c.. W\~ 1>17:. <..on5+.

    \oS

    G.

    closeJ S<c1s+e.VV\. (2) "'~e ~roces;:s is

    u.s.'' '!3 .

    AtJA:LNSIS~ 1he UX>ik. 'l-' obhu"v\eA btj


    ~ .:t.J'1. Hrst"; dekrmt'Vte
    SF'i.~i c. vo(,u.Mes. Fro m To.cok A- 12 e. / 1T, :. 4 .q~q 7, it 3/ lh) tl-Moe(

    1..r~=(~2.)-U; :. (,~~ )(Lf.~.2.'7)


    ~e

    wo('k is
    W:.

    fVI"z.r dV :: Iv p,h:r
    1rz.

    h\

    \-Vl(p,

    ~) ~(~, ) ~

    = n., 1

    "\T""Z"

    11;

    VV\

    tke.

    =0.3081 ff)/Ib

    ~t. d"t.T

    (PI~) JM. (~)

    (10
    ::. (o.()"1 -J],)(/O IbfIi Mt.)( q.'t 2.tf7 f!
    II.) ~ l bO

    )1\'i,. .*2\~'2,,1

    IBk\

    1'8 f{,'bf

    :: - 1.012 13tu.....a4~------------

    P = 3 bet V",

    CA.)

    T= z,"/oc.

    Tt;\b fe A - If
    V= 0.,81 VV\:J/1c5
    u.::. 2' 13.1 k~/~

    IT Results

    v =0.7805 m3/kg
    u = 2713 kJ/kg

    (6)

    p = ~ bce.r) v O. S m'3/ks
    T()ble A -3; ~ ""V~ v:f

    =t>

    = 13.3.~ DC.
    V-1If

    ;<:

    "'j'Vf
    (). S -/.0712
    ::

    :.

    o, '058-

    )(10-

    '.0"1 3ZXLO- 3

    :. 0.825
    u...: uf + X (C.(,' Uf )

    : s). IS.,. (.8 2 S")(~S"C/ s.c::. 21(;U,.'1 k~/'"


    (c) T ~ 400

    DC)

    p::., 0

    S'" 5)

    x = 0.825
    2196 kJ/kg

    Io"t'"

    Table 4-

    ...,

    IT Results

    v'=

    O .3Oflfl M

    h ::.

    ~2(P3.~

    ~ It~

    k~/~

    IT Results
    v = 0.3066 m3/kg
    h 3263 kJ/kg

    (ell T=3l0 DC.,1T'=O.o3 W'l~/~


    T4hl.a A-2. ~ 1.T>~ o"f D2. I ) 0C.
    =>To.loJ.e A -If; A4 aZo4>c fk sW<
    be.J.w~e."1 (P 0 (A ~ 8 0 ~.
    ~ rlteN'poJ ~ I 'kj )
    p:. 7'f.b1 bar ::. 7.'1(,7 1M Pc..-

    -[ec.th
    h

    '= .

    2.~18.o ~:rl1c,

    IT Results; p
    {e)

    1.T'

    =7.356 MPa, u =2682 kJ/kg

    r=2.8Mr~:'280ba("~ T:S20oC
    T~bl~

    A-2

    v = 0.01 O~ 0 m3/"s
    h : J I 12. 3 k3 I ~
    IT Results
    v = 0.0102 m3/kg
    h = 3192 kJ/kg

    3-,25

    P20(3lEJI/ .3.38 (Confd..)


    (f) T=IOODC J x.::o.bo

    f>

    Table A- 2.-

    P" /.0/4 hal"


    1.1: -up +- X ('lj - Vf )
    =I.0435)(tcr 3 + (.fJlo)U.613- J,O'f3S

    = J.OO'i2

    xl(i'J)

    Vl?3/~

    IT Results; p = 1.013 bar, v = 1.004 m3/kg

    (9) T =to c J v: 100 WI 3/'~


    T()b/~

    1k.us.J

    x. -:.

    A-2; 1{f

    =: O. 0/228

    V--Vf::

    ~-'Vf
    :: O.qlf

    h:. h.; t

    ~ lJ"-' ~ o;f LODe..

    Ie

    ~ar = t. zzs

    100 -1.DOO'lXlo

    k,PCo\,.

    IOf".'J'"-I,OOOY>C/cr 3

    h~~

    ::. 42,0/+ (.ti 4)(2"l 71.i) :. 2'37/ /c.:r/l~


    IT Results; x = 0.94, h = 2371 kJ/kg
    l~

    '\

    r::. Ii MP" =~o b~t") T.: l~()C.


    Tt::lbl~ -4-3

    .f

    J.jO~r j

    ISaf ::. 2S0.4 Dc.


    9> Ii~"c.ie( sMe. (T'7~:f) .
    labl.e4-5j dou.hle t"1I3f.er"oLa{-~
    1. Oi~8 }(IO-3

    S8"..., "
    1f'= 1.12" )((0'
    (A.
    ifQJ./b

    J.I"LYo )( LO~3

    7 5~." 3

    4+ 1'=1.0 MP"
    1r"= t.Oil"lxfo- 3

    Itto't

    t=S87.' 8

    v::
    It.
    The~)

    4+

    i. 12'1 SXtO-

    = i(pO, Z<f

    't.O (IIlP~) JlIOC.

    -V:: 1.IDLtXro- 3 ~3/"1

    u. : (,1'3.1 t

    r)l

    'J'lc.:J

    IT Results
    v = 1.102 X 10-3 m3/kg
    u = 670.7 kJ/kg

    3-2.h

    'PROBLEM 3.39

    P~

    (4)

    Ibfl"',~)

    20

    T:. 400 of
    T

    TA.ble A-4-E
    'I ~ :>'S. 'f3

    .f.t3/1.b

    u. ~ 1l4$.1 8-h,..{{h
    , IT Results
    V=

    u
    (b)

    25.43 fPllb
    1145 Btu/lb

    lbHi",l.) V:: 16 ~t3I1j,

    po:: 20

    ,,~<.

    14b1c:. A-36
    ~

    <.V~

    T-= 2.'Z. '1. q,=- of

    v ... Vt.
    v'''V"f

    )(~

    ::

    1fD- 0.o'b8'3
    ZD.oct - o.o/bt3

    :. O.':l.:r~

    .... u': "4- ~ ,,(u!-U+ )


    :' \CUht' ....

    OT~'t'o&'1.- 'ct"~lC\)

    IT Results; T

    :. qO(.2,..C\ &~llo

    (L)

    p: 'TO It>f/jfl~

    "00 of J

    T=

    TAble A~+

    t+

    J70 I bil,., 1.

    ,'I/\+eJ"'ro IAK

    qoooF

    ,,':. t.,.'N

    .ft 3 11h

    h= 11f18.o~6~JJr,
    IT Results
    V = 4.718 fP/lb
    h = 1478 Btu/lb
    Cd) To: (oooFj v:.o. iDf43//b

    v \/3 M- (oooOF,
    A-~E. fA.-t- ,"ooOF

    TAble. ~- loC)
    ~ TA.ble
    t"'A
    i..

    goo

    s+..

    010'.

    =228 of, x =0.7962, u =901.3 Btullb

    fat Is

    b~ k.vee""

    'too LlDflil\l..

    ,...I,, +;V\, J

    '1'""~....

    p=
    lA

    lta)

    ses: ~

    Ibflih1.

    'I b'3.1 Y3f"../

    110

    \r
    r
    IT Results; p = 884.3 Ibf/in.2 , u - 1163 Btu/lb

    p = ~oo lb+(i.,~ /'r: ,"so~


    T

    T~ A-'l-E) "1/\ "'''~/,.+ao",


    ~ 'Too

    v
    k

    IOf I i.. ~
    O. eS'~t3
    I?> 12. 3

    IT Results;

    Ill.

    Bfo/Ib

    = 0.852 ft3l1b, h = 1313 Btullb

    3-21

    (C olltfcJ.)

    PRoBLEM /3.31
    T= l.jooDF)

    (of)

    1(':0

    '1o o/ /)

    T~,,( eA 2.6'

    ,flO: ~'f.l.1 lbfli"~

    v: v,f + 'IC V.fa


    " 0.0 \ iV'" l' . <\ ( I.

    8'" ~ 0.01 &(,'1J

    :: I. to~ 13 ~'lIb
    IT Results; p

    =247.1 Ibf/in.

    =1.681 ft3/1b

    T::400~ v=-l9SO E

    lb

    \f.<

    TAble A'!' 2.E


    v "v~ 0..-"
    1.
    4oClf'. I"kYoi) p: o.\~111bf/;H..J
    ')(_

    \I-Vf-::

    'IcJ- \I.f

    : o. T,g

    ~ ': l-\.f +~

    IctSO-O.()If)

    ,.""")- - o 0

    1<'

    "'f*

    80::1 ...

    o:-::fer i'( ' 0 ':If,. et)

    :-g',z.cp 8~/b

    IT Results; p

    r~

    (h)

    '='O()

    =O.1217Ibf/in.

    =0.7975, h =861.9 Btu/lb

    lbt/il')~ 1':."$u>F

    TAble. A-l'

    .x

    ~oo Iwt/i",'\.

    T~t::
    '::!!)

    '+lb . '33 of
    l '1 II i cl s f'fI.... e,

    Ta.bl e A -SE -d.&A.ble


    i~ ~ot'ro I.

    fl' 0"1

    p
    p~ 1000

    -:.500 IJi)f/h.1.
    ,,-:. ,0 ,Oll-lf I t.
    u: 2.hf,q1.

    T= 't-OO

    V,:o.ol~~8
    t.t:. ~=t3. Co 8'

    ,..
    v:. . Oli''#-O,
    v.~

    24i1'8

    V=

    o.oI8~'

    u-:.

    '373-'fr

    TkclI\J 4.k" ,"ooLbf/it\'-, J'2.0op

    V __

    0 . 0 11 ~ 'l-b

    ~':o

    'l-gcr., I

    ft 3} If,

    IT Results

    ~""'/lj,

    v
    u

    3-28

    =0.01766 ft3/lb
    =288.3 Btu/lb

    Refri9t.VUlo\t

    (4)

    13Llo., T:t./pO"t l VA f). Oil ,.,.3/ICj


    fro.... I4klc. It -10 AC. boOC j ~ ::. 0.0 II 'f MJ/Ic5
    1T>~ '=t> s~ r ~eMe~ 17Of()'1'"

    Itt-k.V'pol((-I-I~~

    ,..

    iu ThltJleA-12; p=3,"3~

    : 3".3 kf~

    h:. 302.1 k::r/ k0

    ..

    lb) AMri-tOI1'~ j

    P" B ~r 1 'lr :. 0.005 r)t:#/'"


    +rbrtl ~~ S ba,.y ; ~:: D./seth Y'A3/~
    1.If <'. tT< V; ~ two .p~~ "Iitu.id-voy" tI1io'(kuc.
    T> Ts-.t :. 17.84 Dc.
    V-Vi
    0.005- (.f,302.XlO.f

    ""-11f

    X::

    U. -:. ~.(.

    ':I.

    O.I5t'lh _ '.il3D2.)(/o-:I ::

    ('

    0.02/33

    -+_----T-

    8 ..

    + X~- ~)

    :. .1'~.(, 'I + (0.02.' 33 )(l3.3o.w "-~'-2.(,"i)


    ::. :1 8 5. 'f 1<. ~ / I~
    (Co)

    Ref,\,~

    ra"'l

    22..;

    lYo~ T~

    A--:r

    2.-phAre

    p:.
    )( -:.

    LA. -

    (At

    u~-

    uf

    T= - 10C:: ) l.l::: ZOo l<\J/~

    %~ CA....::::..u.,

    ....t _10C.,

    J.A.',v,.L-""1'0'"
    PrJ:::- 3. e..ss
    :.

    Z,.O 0

    'J J.

    '2. Z'3 0 l. -

    ~hAr-e

    betr

    -;

    21-

    "3 ).2.1-

    I----I-_--~----'~-

    -= 0.8 q ~

    :. ':l:

    ';

    V.f

    -4

    'lC (

    ~.7"o'
    ~

    -:. O.

    v f - v f)
    1-

    .t~i(O'O~S'Z..- o~)
    3
    10

    O~"'f ~31k:S

    3-ZQ

    _lO C.

    'Pf20BLEM 3.41
    co.} Refr;,e('(I.~t /3'1

    (I.

    p:l~O l~llk2.J h:. '00 Bkvlb

    fy(1"M ~; ~f ~ h.:. hS ,
    =t> two - pht.c.se./ (i!c,(.itA - v'1>~ ~ l.')c ~c
    h - hi
    100 ., fif. Y3
    X= . : .
    .-::. 0.' $?> 8
    hf j

    'l1":.

    u f + )(

    70.S 2-

    (119 - -v; )

    0.0'386+ (.'168\(0.335'8- 0.'38')


    '=

    T:T~
    (&)

    f1:::%ll,
    :. 100.5"" of

    Q. 26 15

    Am mo )-tic..;

    T= 0 OF ~

    'IT =-/ S

    ft'/ /10

    f".o rtIJ Tp.bk.4 - 13 E.; 11"9 ::. q. u 00 #JIIJ.


    >~

    =t>

    ~~ah~ VI..f<'r'
    IHferpolA.+'""j '"" 7al"c A-ISS ~ R:; IB~8S

    'lbh:-

    h '= 'I S. 2

    6kA11b

    "V"

    ~) Rtfri~e"Q,f,C.t
    from

    2.2

    T=-30cF) tr :'/.21+3/ 1./0

    Table A- 1 E) ~::. 0.1 f,oll #3/11,

    '\T >~ :t> ~Upe,rke(X.f-~J 'lmpor

    :r~kN'poJa.-h~ i~ ~ A-CJ E)

    ~ = ttl.

    h ,.

    "0

    (!It",~

    J09.f>o 6~/UQ

    3-30

    (Gl.l J../-z, 0

    Q,+

    p:"l 5 M

    = 1 So loa-vo,

    Pa..

    from Table A S;
    (b)

    1r = J. 03<-1 XtO-

    = 1(;)0 0c.
    3)')'13 (

    k~

    h:

    430.28

    U5t ~~ .$a.kw-aJed / j bLtia da,~ .fyo".. 7ethle A-- z ~


    1.T z ~ G

    Now) l,.L.~l

    -s

    IOODe. :.

    E.~. 3.1 3

    /.04'3 S xto- 5

    3
    VV\ 11'-j

    +0 e~hMA.fe. 'specific. e\A-,",cJr-J

    h ~ hf ~ 1000C: + ~o 1000'- ( P- rSctt @


    :. 4Jtf.OLl I<T + I.C)",
    Ioo-~

    1 - t ; - + - - - 4 - /50

    \.00(; )

    3SXfO-=J~"'50-I.OI4) bQ.r
    J

    1<..1

    (1;\tt?s f.J/~ ,., r


    I/c,e.c.r

    J'i

    10 3 Nmf

    :: '1IQ.o4 +/5.55 :: 434.St'f ,,::r/~

    (j)

    l, lJofe -rkC(;+ ~ a IC00C. i.s A. fla..usibJe eS~,W\a,,1e. -tor i1 I~


    (w'+lA.~ abot4- .;?(,% of. fWz. -v-o-lue ~ 7'cJ"loQ A- 5).

    ar

    p:: 3000

    T= 400F)

    from Ta"k 4-5:

    t~lt'fli7.

    1T= O.Of&31l( #i/lb

    =31~.$"O 6kA./lb

    The spec;'+lc' volu.W\e o.-'A.d eV\+kcdpC1 values '-aM


    o.lso be. ~11'V\I\ctteJ us i Vj $e<;hAV'Cl"hOV\. ~a:l-t;{ fro M
    Talole A-2E. ~'(\.Gl E~.s. 3.11 (A~ 3.1~ )_{'~~e.cl-wel~.
    V-z. ~(({OO OF) ~ O.O(~(,'f .fP/(!:>

    CMMl.

    o..ppJc"ca+/,OIllS

    3006 Ibf/l~.Z.

    PRDBL.e~ J. 43
    l-I't-O

    SO(}1e

    k~ h ( Co( ()O 0 f")


    f

    =~ 1 s.t

    \If ("lOO,OF)

    Llttt +
    b

    f - rS'~@ CfOO' J

    O.()(~lt>l{ :ft3
    [~ooo l~
    lft,
    \ "'~

    3 -31

    .lQl.1

    bar

    J.I~o

    o:t

    T=20C,,, ~at ~ F ~

    troWi T",h/4t A- ~ :

    3DO

    1I>a-Y

    Psrd : D.D1. '33Q htW


    1.lf

    =/.OOIS x'o-~ 'tY).3/1C.5

    'Uf = 83.95 ~:r/Ics


    iIl.f = 83.9" k..:J Ikj
    from Tabl-e. .4-5 :

    r - b Iit4'" cr =Joc.)
    So

    ~s

    1rXI0

    J.e>a:ID

    7S

    .'t'l15 .Q,8Cf

    'DO

    I Sf::)

    .~12.

    .qqSO

    2--50

    ;Joe:>

    .Q9z..a .9'07 .9g-8"

    83.80 83.105 83.50 8~3fo 83.0(,:, 82.77 8Z.lf7 Bl./7

    t.L

    8"__

    3 0 88."5

    25

    qa. 'Ill Q3.33 Q7.'i9 /02."2too

    50

    75

    ~./2

    0.2.3

    o. '34

    At(. (0/0)

    tJ.,~

    0.3(0

    t!J,5'/ 0.70 I, oro

    Ak (010)

    ~.7tt

    5.50,

    e.31

    100

    2.00

    17(10)

    /50

    1(,

    o
    50

    'So loo

    ZOo ;tso

    O.Lllc 0."8 O/(D

    11.12

    2.$0 300

    b'l

    J.32

    /,'11

    t.t

    ~,J~

    2.2~21.-

    2.7.73 '3 ~.Z.l

    O~-+--+---+---+---f--"'"
    0
    So /~o ISO 2.00 ,"Sb 300

    P-

    iV\

    300

    1.1/

    f - btU"
    COMMWfS: -rk~ ~5es

    /07.Z.f/ 11.8,/

    V (N~ f..,l. ac..re. Smtt tl O'f'et'

    bAr

    & fressut"~

    r4.iA1e.

    ik

    -I1\i..s p...o bfeM. ~, 1Jf ~ 1.tf ~r~ (-e&tsC>JltAhk tVPP'fO )c1~ ,,+,~s J ~s~c.fl ilel:f
    li-owev~V'J h del/la..tes b~ over 30
    1YblM ~ ~k.J lite ~pr()x/h4 ~ J" -a.Jsf
    %

    3.''''

    is not rer4Dn.Ahl-e. N$ tw-~.


    'Provi~es ~ ,'aM-i,(ole e~hHA~e. lSf k
    -(by UW'-p("t'S~d li1t.t,'tls. wheVJ Mloufa.r 'da-/A.. l.Ve riqf- ,,-vai!(J./aIe...

    3-3;4

    PRoBLE"tvt 34':)
    1340... 0..+ CfSo/=J I SO l"t/jH~

    Refyi1eral\t

    A-foE..,. q')oFj PS04.t


    L28'.b2.lbfU.,'l.
    ~ ..t...: tt u,'c1 ~~ -\c W"'e'" p:. is l bf"'t1~

    "Ttl-vic:.

    v
    Uti

    -s

    6,.

    "3." )

    "

    3.1'1)

    ~~

    (,ls.", 6,.

    V-i

    cqSr-) '= o.

    o13';J1

    "t (cr "r of) = '+1. '4 T

    f/.3I.~

    6 ~II~ .~. . . .

    f'RO!3t,i:M 3. ti~

    1M"'*'

    011\," 0.

    ",
    l0 bt""

    a.-t "2..0(. I l MPCA.

    T o.~ leo A- f3 Q.+ "'2..0C i


    ~ l, '( \A.~~ s~\.t.. W ~ t. "'"

    Us', ~~ G?>. 1>.l\

    "V

    us,~ E=?>. ~.I<.{i

    lO bOor
    PSQ.t: R. S, ~:t b~ r
    '"&

    ? -::.

    ~ '\

    lObo. t""

    W'lll
    t,-Oc.)\ -.:. if (,g~g(, ~(O-~ ~

    ~ ~ ~~C-z,oc>c.) ~:21~.(.~,t(.!/"

    - 'P~6LEM '3. 4-1~

    P,o~().~~ ~+ ~O() (c.P~

    T ~blt. A-l1 at

    s.ll

    o-c

    {? b().r I Ts~+ -=
    S

    +0..+ to-

    v-

    ~ I t 'I \4\.cA

    Usi~ e~.

    V,

    -:c.

    l<i. ~3C
    T

    ,,+(0(,)

    "'"1 ~)

    k5

    = l. ~~O ~lO

    UC;\-5 Ey. 3.l4,

    ~ ~ ~~ (0 0c.)

    ::. Cfs. ( ,,1"I k1

    3-33

    P~Q'#
    1-44----:O-

    = ~. S1 <o:t
    ~r

    2.O.c

    JWOWN: 5ct~t'"a;{U< wa;{-eY' \ro..pcJr is (OYl-#a.keG( ,~ ~ ri5'(.( fo..rAlc.. o:t ~ tMW)-J


    iVlif{t:t.1 +-~~p.e"'(A.Iu,(e. The pre~,u.V'f2 d.t'''P~ ~s CA. re..su.1t tt tvue.tftrtttr.fe.y
    fo A. k.l\,fJw., ft~4-( v~lue..
    :Deteyml~e

    FIND:

    SCHEMA-T,C,

    the ().MCUK1 t;f eHe..rq'j itaMster b~ kt4t.

    Gr IVEtJ 1)A-TA:

    p
    I~"'---,

    1 1-/2-0

    1\ =. ~ k9 _

    .1

    'l :.-=

    go 0 c,
    O. <DO

    Xl

    s~tc.:2. ~ s~i-, VtA.-pO r

    ""

    A;sSVMPTJDtJS~ (I) The. H-a-O'15 a.eloseJ S'Id..-m.U-) Tte. volu.Me 'IS. ~l1Sfo..."t .(~) /f)r
    T~e itj~~} W =o. , (If) l<1~ eric. o.wJ. pDfiKfto.( ewer-t)CJ ef.(.eck are ne..j'litJib1e..

    ANM.,'iSI~~ Tl1~ heevf ~fe,y is ete./,QYMI'vte& UlI.Itt~ fke ~eY'g~ l,o.lcu..tC

    ,:.. y;.+ />0 ~ a. _yrf0

    or;w.i-L\ AU'':.

    M(Ll~-LC.,)

    Q. ::. tn{.u 2. -u, )


    USI~~

    ckda. !rt>rn ta.b/e A-2


    l..{l :. tA",\

    =-

    ~ ~l (u..~\- <.\~l)

    llo~1>. '2.<t>

    \If -::.

    \r{.l -to- ;,

    ':. 2.. 0 to( t( (p

    lA.~'" 4

    e,,,,, I

    '::.

    ~~l{~~~~ CO, <DO)(~"l~~.~ - ~~"(.~lD)

    kS II,"~

    (~l - O"w) ': l.O?C\l )'(0)+ (O.(P())(5."lOl-l.01-(H )C(O-1)


    W\

    l~ ~

    T o...~ \e.. A -'J..

    V"~ ~ <s- t.. -=. V"'c -=. 2. Ot.t \.( ~

    W -,{;",

    ""')

    kj

    T ~q1fSc..
    o.~ot u"l,.~ c.A~ti>'\'~.S0c.. -==. ;;ll(q~.~ k:r (k:.j

    r::\~ l\y

    Q:. (2." ~) ( :2.t{ ct ( ~ - I <0 1..~.

    CD
    I.

    ""-e.
    1"'\

    ~0

    "-0

    ::. li S l. t 1 'r
    ~
    v -e.
    \.C\ """ .c.o
    ",," \

    C)

    ~e. S '( S~ to "'""

    -z,~)

    "T/

    "j

    4:
    t'

    Q..

    ck to "'"' 0 ~ e, s e '" e. ~ "I "" r~ -cs '" to r

    3-3 '1

    PR.OELE M 3. 4 ~
    ~ "'"

    Wafer co"'+A,..... c:l


    s-pet.'f,ec' iil'\i h'-t .rl~-\-e..

    t:NoWI\J:

    De.(.er""""A~

    FIND:

    ~CHtMNrIC .!l bl v~ A.1 J)~

    ~"j

    I
    ,

    -t-r.... wQ:fer:

    TJ1:

    fI= /.0 M P0.x, ': qO%

    I
    I

    ~~~+u.,-e..

    te """"p

    -n-o"""o-

    r--- -.,
    I

    .(;,...~

    ..,..""-4.

    ""'.,/d. J 'I1S'C..d4~c::L 1D.t'\#:. ,'s heo.*~

    <i2.::
    A-C

    /.oMPA.,

    ~oW

    = 1.'15 h.

    1--AS~MPTlot-IS: I
    "'T"h ~a~ r: ,'s ........ dcs~ d S'tS~W1. 2. Pr>~ -t&.... sys~ -.) W -=- 0,
    ~d AKe:.-::A'Pe=-O. 3. Vol..,wte fe_IM!'\$ COI'LrfrA,IIl1'.
    T""-' ,'",,'1rM "''''d "'"""j.,
    Sf,..(,1
    ot e
    e1 tJl Jl br r vIN\ QtA.feJ,

    +.

    AIJAc.:t'"S' s:

    f.)(

    .fN

    C~II\.~-e J o.,~

    d~

    -ft.vo 'I'\d e,~" d t".,;;f


    .ftl'\~ S-\--+c. S,I\ce.. ~ -Io+r.-t

    1"k.t v..I ves

    I)

    1 ~ek

    ~M

    ts

    .p,lI\~

    ,'", ~"'Sl ve
    Vo(()jAA.<

    r.A.Op~ ~t " e J

    A~

    tpec..e..fs'c. vplvfM.l!.:

    Co"'~

    re, Lnved

    1'WtS'S' do kif
    V:z.:::\I,. USiV\j

    ~.- 7,.~ A-3,>


    "I'::

    "of +

    '<

    l", -,,~) : :

    I. ,'2. U

    ~a

    ::: O. I =t- ~ I

    T"'-e ot"'*... p-c.ol'~ ~

    u1

    tov

    11\

    ~U~+~:::

    i=:>

    lM{ltt,-l4 I

    v,,1~ cl,.~ -ft_I~ A ~ 3

    4} ':'

    ::

    )to (

    :: '2. ~ol

    4'1.:0 C,.(,

    -=

    ""

    10 l A

    '"

    W~~ '" t:\.sJtl""rfi D,., "2., ~

    C~)

    -+ CSL/IN\

    (2Sg 3.G. - 7b J"'8)

    \f- \d(~

    "","0

    t=,

    1J1- U.f) := :rb I. 6 B t . ~

    ~ J ~I~IA Cil::: ci~ ': QAt.>


    '-(~ -_

    ~a

    Q-;P

    (S{

    U.f +

    Y\l'3 /

    e "" e' ..., >'

    cl -&-"""" A'"

    -t' O. q [ 0 .t 'it--'J - 1;.!3:j}

    \ E!; \ I ~ \ \E-l

    Y +

    IW

    2.E:d'2... I=:r

    lh,

    /rJ:J'

    US,' J115 6+~~~j 15kOl-UYl on .f1A.-t. i-v d.;~"'(.l.V\1

    fo..r

    Y~~ev,,:e;

    V; ~V;

    ;11\ Table A'~ ~~\I~s) u9 :;2.S'e"1 L:'J'/~. S/~(;e.. tL~~U~ J sJiAAe


    SUfe d-tewfe4 vo-r r..e.~ .-811\ J as S k.ovrn O"l'\ 'ffAt. -fifJUh'e.

    z,

    . :ClA,-kypola..J.'~j
    i.s ;~-;t..e.

    iluts, s~ 2. is' .f.-i)(eJ ~~ Ul..:Z.,"/~ k,~/lcj 1 Vz.:: 0.li51 W\3/~. St~ce


    'tlkypolet+''''j 1&\ Table.. A-4 LOI4-~ t.("Z..1 U'a, 's ,,,,c.&J;\ve.t1~..vf) we resOr-T '-Ie'LtSUt1
    7M4.et<icJ"veThev'l1oJ.tlYlCt\MicS': If -1-0 d-efermil1 Ioz.) as souooss:
    .

    3-35

    p1 =10 /I bar
    x1 =0.9
    Qdot = 60 IIW
    deIt = 1.95 /I h
    m =2 I/kg
    v1 = vsat_Px(
    p1, x1) /I m3 /kg
    u1 = usat_Px(
    p1, x1) /I kJ/kg
    m * (u2 - u1) =Q
    Q = Qdot * delt * (3600 11000)
    v2 =v1
    v2 = v_PT('WaterISteam p2, T2)
    u2 =u_PT("WaterISteam p2, T2)
    t 1 W a t e r I S t e a m tl

    t1WaterISteam",

    tl

    tl

    IT Results
    T2 198.7e
    p2

    ...
    -4I-----

    T2.

    11.59 bar

    3-3/0

    PROt!JLeM 3050

    KNO wry;

    Refriqe~a.tA.t ot(,. is COMpressed from ~ fJ ,'ve", ilf1itiet( stale to A ~lVell1


    f,.Atl( t'~~su~. 1ke,..~ is ItO k-ea.t 1Y4t\sfe....J a. Yld -I'IA.L WOyte L$ lc.t\owho

    uu

    .]e~ e Y J\'\ ihe.

    ile ft~L I +e Mpe ra:hJ.t'e

    Sc HE.MMI C. J G I VW J).+TA:

    III

    r.::. 30
    T,

    =- ::z.o

    pz. ::

    llof (j","20

    LhO

    -+-----~~1_.30~

    'l..fllok~

    1.-

    W::::-O.Sb 8k.L

    a.2
    il4"'~~

    \J"

    djSUMPTlDNS: (I) The R/3'1tt is (4 dosed s<isfe,~. (2J T~ere is no k&t 1rdKs.fer.
    ('3) K,i4eHc (A~a po+e/lttiaJ eYlef9':1 eFfeck are. nefj li9,h'e .

    ANALVSIS~
    o~

    wi.,..'"

    ttxed bcj ~efe.rWI/lIli~


    +-6.+9' t.6V =-/f-w

    The fliA~( oHL4e is


    A.h 0
    o

    Uz. U.sliA~ fkeenerfJlj b~lauce.

    AU:. m(Lt"&.- Lt., )

    l<e+e.Yr"I;"'g to

    tAl ~ Ci~.2lo

    Tobie. A- t2E.j

    (- O. Sb BAA)
    t,(

    Z.

    ::. -

    ( 0.04

    =. J1 O.

    r<e+err-l"'~ ~~tA.ilA

    -10

    2ft:1

    f Jc,

    .....

    'I'10. 2'-10

    6+UILb. ilu.t,s
    a

    t.,lb

    'OJ TV-

    e I-u I t to

    Tal,'e A... 12 E. j

    ~ "t. I Z t , to 0F",,~~

    3-31

    'PRoBLE fv\ 3. s I

    Ke ft..i"3~"ol\t 13+0.. ;'"


    ~+- eo,....d""f pw'\Ass~rc

    f's-Iol'\ -~ I.."ue,.. ~S'SE"""""'j v .......Jllrj oe-.s


    b-e-ft..v#'en -kuo lc,-u","" .s~tes.

    tao

    r-----'
    II

    R\'S-\-o..:'

    1 - - - - - -'

    p=. 8b-...
    s;..~

    -ri:

    I: s~..f.
    !)OOC

    A-S.sUMP"TlOt-JS I

    3.

    '/tlopor

    T"'-'

    fbr ......... .ry ,t.{to_

    A~~\","($'S:

    It. l!~~ c4 ...... <-Lc~~


    ~ f:::~::. .ope':. 0

    w;-l1--. ~$~\"'''''}OHC7'''2.

    syS'ff """. 2.. P~81'V.f'te i s

    -fr,........

    d.A.f...

    At\d

    c:e &-\ S hi 11\'1'.

    T~ A'll.

    w-::.l

    p (Vl.-\r,') ::

    pdV::

    '1M.

    r(\S"l-\J",)

    8bM'} 'OStJ/IIliI.'l.\ (0.02.844_ 0.

    'N{w..-:.. pC\I"l.-V';) =
    -::. 2.3'2 'r<:S /~
    A-y.,t'\

    'to "'j

    4il"'-

    e ",. v

    .,D\j-t-

    Drzt-+ Cift =
    CQ -:...
    :

    4!f

    b "" l A 1'\ t..t. ~

    ''1

    ~ ';
    ~

    ::>

    c!..~ fr """- T ~ A -I 1..

    ~ -W

    c -U-

    --t \AT

    "'- (1.(1. -

    lA,) + W

    It.\l..-l.<,) ~ ~
    (2~I.b2.. _ ').4'3.T~)

    -+ 2.'3'12-

    :. '20.2.3 ~oJ~j

    S.

    c...,~ d..~

    f,-f/IMo

    02.511-7)",,'1

    \ Io~,..

    ~(I.A'l. _ ,.<) + pLV"\. - v. )


    ':. \\~ _ \.0\ \

    $ .... toe

    Pt.: P. ':.

    p)

    ,,,.'e A -\l.
    ~

    28'l./-. ~ '1 - 'l..Jo,/I)" ~ 1-".1'1 ~\J/~,

    W\,

    3-38

    tc.a

    ~NOc..vN
    SA-h4t"o.1e.cl I,') u,'d wo.+e
    i~ c.oolecl ~ ~ uo.s~clJ r;gJd ~"k:.
    A.
    ~l'\AJ. .s+A.~ (....,f.'ere
    s~f\.Ar -kd h'1u,'d A.l'\d VAf0r- ~""t p('e~",i.

    to

    ~:

    't).e""e('~l'\(" ~~

    SC.H~N\t\TtC

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    e'iu~ 1.'J"r,'v"",,- S'~~r.

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    Vo.f/-= Qet-C4\'2.
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    3
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    +he. resvlt froM Problem 3.3~ -for W/m

    *. ; (:J.S8.lf8-2.2/.50) +
    = + 5. 3ft:, k:r/,,-~

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    See SO{U.ftC11 10 Problem 3.37.
    MsuMPTLQN~~ (Il Tke

    refriq<l.rdMt is

    A.

    6l11erg!J efiee-k are ..,e~1 i,ihl.e.

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    The heaA- -hu1ltskr'"' l~ k-u~c,.l b':1 Lt{l~~

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    PRDBLEM .3.55

    KNOWN:

    j~uid- v apor rill ilChtre of l12.0 is srirrt,t:l. ,'"" lA..


    t\9i&) we.II-;lf\SIA.(et,:led tr.c..M.1c. ul1,ti I OYlllj sa.tu.m;fed vapor" remte.li.1s.

    8NJ:)~

    Defer"m'Vle the

    A two_phc<se

    Of eYleY'tj'1 1r(Utsfe,. b~

    QMO(.U1. t

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    KNOWN:

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    . ASSUMPJ\C~S : (I) The C.OYl'\e.w\-s 0+ +"'-e. +6..V\\c.. a.'("e.'i'he clo$~ s~s~W\,


    (2) The e.Xpa.V\Sl~ eccvvs W\~ ~o ",o\"k o c V\e.t\.-+ ;.vQ.~sW. (3) T~e
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    or- ro-HvA,t-\.cd 2N\e.V"~ ~

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    ANAI..'iSIS:
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    I)

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    0'('

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    (3)

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    ~ os .... . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - V

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    p2 =40

    =2 /lIb
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    v1 =vsat_Px{"WaterISteam", p1,x1)

    m
    V

    v2 = vsat_Px{"WaterISteam", p2, x2)


    u1 usat-Px{"WaterISteam", p1, x1)
    u1 = u2
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    V
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    The w~~er j s fhe c.lose~ s~s-te""" (-z.' -r1.tle. ?~SS\.A.r~ \:.s.


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    wlH", Lol, ~ u,~ :=. 2 Solo.' \c.'l/l~

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    ~ L<'L= U-f ::. 'ili. 3Co kJ'l~ .fro~ l'a lDle A-3

    ~:SObll) l i + (- 84lD.S k:r)


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    A J!1sfeM c.onsi.st/Vt9

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    1.1; :: 2. '17'i 5 f+3t llo

    5We. 2:

    'Vz.=tJ;) T:z.=-IOOOF;

    IIIIfe,Y'fDla.+I~ i~

    Tahle

    A-lSI:

    U'1.::= 58t:t./1 Bttt/11

    5f41e.~: T3 =-{OoOFJ ?cs=/.o =t> U 3::. 576.51 8J./1.b (Table A-13)

    (~)

    The energy .haltHlCe fo,.

    C4~et

    ;pnx.es~ 1-2.

    .L\~+~~'YY\ (U ~ - (,(..) ~ Q~" Go'2- :: m ((,.('2,.- Lt., )

    yetLuc.es-io

    VV''l.

    ~ (2.2. lb) (58Q.17 - 572.13)


    (h)

    B\u/lb ::. 3CD.\' 6""'-"'4-.----..:.

    S,Ywtla,,.',) 10,.. P(D<.ef;S Z3

    ~~ fPi't ht(L{3 -(..('!-)


    \tJt-~

    ::.

    Q'2-~ -

    '=-

    (-'H3.C\ e~) -

    :. -11.05

    :.

    Q,,'3 -Wz.. 3

    W\ (t.l!-Ul.)

    (2..2. ~",) (S1fr,.S/-SBtf.l'7)6fullJ,

    B~~s-

    3-54

    Pro P

    i=NowN:
    Sr4-Cot

    fie c:I

    0. V\

    e. vtAfor

    e ","", r-l-a;"s.

    1).44,."""",_ ~ "uo~t. o."",l::l, h~A+'

    ELtwQ:

    tYA.I'\~~

    -fr,v- -t-k.&. p""--u'u

    ~4(L....

    per

    Woa.S ~ .

    U",'lot

    r------:

    : pr~tA"'& :

    T1,:-40C., sa-f.VDpor
    T':).:' ~Oc..

    P,-: <0 bcu"


    A 'SSU M~T(ON( it. /' "'T'"Na pc-opo."" e.. ~ ~ ~~d ~1.rJ.t~. oz FOv TN S~~f<"'-)
    ~l_~~....... po"",,,,,h.....t ~3"7 ~h
    c:.-. ie-f ", l.A.C"e G~ 3 TJ- fLo- e:.tZ IS "0
    ~QSCo1"lil.tcl.

    ",a

    At-JAVl"S'IS:

    It

    P\S"::'

    ee""shL"d.

    u.:>o~1C ~ ,..

    TN.

    ~t/ .. lu-ucl

    6-0

    1-

    S. chr

    J
    .,-"..".. c r ~ cr v I t e r

    ofa. lJ~""

    -::.

    V\)

    "'......

    ~ I v .J::J. ~

    1- p~ -+ '"

    -e-. V""l.. ~ .J.- PI

    (Colt-no)

    J- (o.?>1q~/o.fO,{S-)

    ::. (S s :>'.7 - 1 ~ L 0 )
    =.

    10 5. 0

    + ( - ~ ~.7 )

    (~T I k j

    3-55

    ....

    Pl.lI'l. -

    I.r""

    IQ...

    w""-'e,&o.. e..-

    rl 'I" 1 ' - "

    R\r,

    1- '"
    lU-1' '"

    ~ d..... ~

    -;- .., ~ lr,

    A s~s+em

    KNOWN:

    ~:

    til('~e

    COYlsisfltt~ cf o.mm ont~ urt.~oe.s o: Ctdde campated of


    proce'teS.

    Sketc.f" p--.ro.vtJ T-arJ.(a..1-ro.tKs. J)e+e....rt1I~e tt.e~cf.e net worft.awJ. tke


    heu-t .fy{Y1sfer fbr etc.dA pnce~s.

    SCbtGMA-'n" $ &wev PA7i\:

    mM f, =lO bar

    Proce.ss J- 2.: Cot\.SM~t- v~te..e.'"~

    co J1.S fa. I( t

    Precess 2 2 :
    Pr/)ces~ 3-,!

    X.

    =l)." -10 s&d'Ut'a.k~. '!4ftJY"

    +em~ra. MY'C." Qz.:5::' 2 2-8 Ie.'"

    C4MJo.M.t p~S5Lt.,.e

    ~\

    Jt$SUMPr,QA/5: (I) CltJstd 5'1 skm .(2.) 1J~/ecJ- /t.,i-sehc a.M.e1


    10leufial ertet'9!t ~cfs.
    ANAiyS/5: F,rs't J (-,,, ~ oftLte.. Pr',~,,~pal.dtdes.

    p. -::'10 ba,,..) 'X., =D. 0.

    Stafe, I :

    Tl.t(;l.~ U,

    = ty., .,.x/ (U91-U~'

    1J; :I

    '-

    , <I!. 'A

    ~ .\

    mrrtonlCl\ \
    Wi:: 2

    'I

    ~ ~
    I

    0;:,, __

    ) :: l.fh.IO f l-h)U31Q.ft,b -24i6.1O)

    "1/ rJ<, c V; /- ~I

    k:rlJc, Crable A-I")


    o, 0777 b tt, af",

    =etIQ.28
    )

    :.

    11Alole 4-'~Ia.f ~ =O.()771b "-'{le,


    '341. 2." lc'f I ~ o-J.. T 2. z t.t 2. S 2 Dc.

    Sa..f'1I'OfOr,1J",.=v,. IHfe.ypoletf,iu in

    Sfa:fe.2.:

    j IVo"
    staTe 3:

    1.(. 'Z., .

    'a.F: =(0 ha.,

    r3

    73:: Ts. = 42. '2. c. .


    0

    U.3:' 137"/.etS k.'TIlc.:J ~

    '::J:H4e.rpo{e..f.Mg '11\ Tal-Ie A-' S

    "l1i 'X

    O.t'lO'1,7 ~~II'j
    ~

    ,-

    -Z
    s

    bIlK
    'V<. S20

    l--4~~3 to

    1--

    a--.

    1.1"

    The re<t\.t\r"eJ. eV\e~'a tro.~s~s C\re &e,kr~\"'e.J ~ u.u~1 eV\e~~~ Ioa.l~""c.es.

    ~ ~+~~ nt(I.t't,-l<,\

    Prececc

    \-'2.

    Precess

    2.- '3'.

    '=

    ~a. -~~ =t> Q,% ~ ~tl.("2.'L(,) =84,<.(.0 kJ~

    ( lADt.A.,t;
    .4/'
    ErE r ""Ltc )-l.("2.) ~ Q'1 ~ - w~"} ~
    ..

    PI"O<:~.,S ~-l.USI1I\9 ~.~.l1j

    ('I,
    \/3\:' J pJ..Y::.

    vJ2.) :. Q'Z..,- M LU ~-l.l 'l. )


    ~ twO.Co "-:I""

    J'tr.~?d"lT
    "'3

    ':. mf (-V-,-U's)

    "3
    ~ ~)(lO ba.Y)(O.0111"- o.llfl>1.l)~:II()SNIM~11~U
    f
    fc,c.('" ~IS N'M
    -::J

    evvuJ..

    :. - , 2 S.D

    k:r

    AyJ,+o/r VV\<U.C\.(~, =-Q,,-Wi , =t>

    Q3'::

    'Nt'i"\<'::
    2...

    w\(L(.\-l(~) +W 3 ,

    :. -\o!>b."4

    (J)@

    Ql'''

    Wll.+W1.~-rW)1 =. O+lbo,b+(-12S.0) = .3S.~

    "r~

    kT..,

    Q1\

    W''1c.l~

    .~ .. Tl-\e yost:bve. Vctlu.e. ..for w~c\. '~a.ks tka-GCide LS c, 'Power (.lJc.le.


    A c.~eclL ~ tlA.L ~t ~td- WClM.sf,(t"' c.owf\r~s +W-Q~dc ::Wutde.
    3-5fo

    O.,e. lC~

    t::""'ow"J:
    of

    ~:

    o-{. u,,4......

    vlo\dCi't'" 'o..s

    -t4tel"""-d.&o IA.A~<:

    C'1 ~

    c.o~.s~,J

    r--c.o c,H '-'J .

    ~,..

    1)e Wt' ......'r\~

    +t.u

    -'-f(p' c.,..'" c;

    +"'-t ,.. H."\ oJ

    r--'

    :I~:

    _J

    1...-

    Ce~'\

    P'USfUre ..A10 loA"

    .troW' SAt. V..,.

    e.-"tu..~i

    vo(v... e

    10 5 bA") ',"OOC
    &$0+"-&'.-'"

    (;0_ II-S 'I' Ulo\ J ~q.,:

    CO",,,+,,,,,t

    ~c1E'.

    c..uo",,1c

    ANIH..,(SI~~

    +ka

    1"- \,)..)... ~.:o

    ASS\lM'P'TtONf '. I.

    0"'7

    -SIS. ~cJ'.

    vol""",e,

    -r~

    ~. 1C.1>t~hc.

    ~ S"'ft~""'"

    ro~"ft~

    a,,,d

    ~,CA.It "" ~

    +t-\"--.tl

    of

    (~.~~.sc.u~SiCl""l o{ e,s'~~~J~3) J t...J~~r~

    ~\c I ~. ~~C.\. S-\.:l:4.t.

    'ProClcs; '-1:

    "3= 0.1 ti'\'~

    ::I

    Wr,.:.

    f'", pc::lV ":.

    '2..

    r:. f

    el1e,.,y

    410""".....

    Po

    "O(....K4~ Ctu.~j~ I.?

    ~ffech CA"~I~~,.t!'c.l.

    c..., c...t.A.

    'Y\::. WC'(de!Q\V\

    'VJ"c'tcJ.A.':. WIt.; w'l.l-+ WI,*,-+

    ICed ~i

    PL

    -:.

    100""J

    w1-l

    "1. ':. V3. Frtnk TA.ble A y.

    c..eJ': 2.S7S. 2. ~';111:5

    (\1'1-1.1': \ :

    <10

    'OStJ/M1.\( IlC1)( 0, 3cr'S


    a S'
    ..4A\.....'3\ ,~J'
    bAr)\-.
    -O.'1TT~
    I

    lei....

    :: 18''\-1 Ie.)
    Alii

    Jl

    V\IV"

    ~I

    1010 tAMe ~

    Q ~ w.. t Ul. -l..{.) 40 W

    ... ' ~
    :>-

    fr> ~ i ve. <3<

    <l~,,)~21'.8 -

    2.st<'3.b

    '=

    ~tr -+""'" )

    0 V"

    J7+181' ~J '::: ~37 3 ~J

    ''l..

    ('(OU~~ 1... 3:

    W1:i':. 0
    C)

    ':..

    ~((Jl-U'1.) ~ ~3 ~ U~~)l2.ST$.'2.. ~

    '523/.91=

    -loSb.~ "J'

    '2.3

    PA.Ouss. 3-4:

    (Sh\f ':. _il'S".8ICJ (~I\t~M). T ......... , ~"t.T"=a>3'+-l...u3'f "a'~

    W \l ':. Q?1\.l- 6
    3

    S-\-o-J:.. 4- ~ -h)(t"d ~1
    ..

    Ci2 '3"" - ..... t v..\t -

    (.( 3)

    '4: Ibo oC J V'4-~VI


    ")(4 z,
    Y:f = o I"\l.~

    "'4--

    V~-Vl

    _1.102.//0

    6.'iO'tl _ /./ol./lo3

    u+-:. l.l.f ~ ~~ (14,- u+) = f.:.r'f. ~'" -to(0, ~li-fXi..S'(,~ \J


    ~

    ~1"':

    t-"'--

    e,0

    ~.

    Q_

    'I)Iiilt

    '"

    ...

    3,51

    ~'T , U, ):

    I '0 71

    K~ rt"S

    - 2.1)':t~~1: - ItICo ~J
    .

    uJ- p."",

    W41 :. 0

    a.0\.e.t

    c6V -\-

    y&+(

    = ........ (Ut- U 4)
    = Q~,)c.2..s-n.G:.-

    CD

    ::.

    e, .I +

    19r/J
    t:S

    + ( - III .G:.) +

    = 7 7. ~ fc.:r

    (~o~)

    <D

    A.. ~ <:.~ck:)
    CSicic.A....t.

    +~

    ""-O-f.c

    CQ

    I'l..

    Q'Z."l

    -frv -e v.Q,~

    -+

    Ql'f

    '1~

    CQ <#./

    3-58

    CS2cye:..t.e ~ W cyc::.1....t.

    rROf!JLEM 3. hB
    A sCjsfe()') COtL.si.st,VJ!j of Refriger"ttKt 1.1. uw.(ergoes Cc. Cl.jcJe cOfV)pcue.d.
    of thtt.e processes.
    FIND,:
    Sketch p-1T a.M4 T-1T olliJ.qr-fAYks. J>e-krM/i-te. tke CLJc(e nef wor'=. ~ w.(
    +Me. hfat tr4VlS'ter for ea..c.k pr6~ rs .
    .
    SCHeMATIC. t 6fl veA) DA-iA :
    'NOWAl:

    Process (..2.: Consftuc. t ~ssu.;-~ From ?,:: 30


    ')(., -= e.ss it> T"l.. -::.lfoOP
    P(oc:e~s 2-6 ~

    itoces s

    ,'*",.. .2-

    i.sl>fker"lVtal wifLt Wz.~ -= -1l.82 S~ +0

    Sa.kLra.fe~ vtJ{J()("'

    Ad laba.f,u

    3 -I:

    e-1Cp4.llsio1\; Q3/:: 0

    ASSUMPTIoNS: (I) The.Il-~2 Is


    ff ec..fs (A...r~ Yl~ lL~ i/o le: .

    a dDSed SCi-,retl1.(2.) k,~efi.c. A.M pofentia.l el1e"":J

    A=NAL"~I": Fi rst us,'hfj dalo: ~m -lite re.frLger-atAt ~'b" +tx ece.cl( s.fa;(e..
    I

    Sfa.fe. ,: Table. Jr- 8 'E. elt P. =3D ""I-Li"2.~ )C, : t>.qS


    'Ll, =,, +X,(~gl-ttf.t ) : 7.3et-t,tfsxQ3.b7-7.38)

    V; :: 1f.'" >c,

    = 8q.3~ 8k.c./lb

    (~/- Vf,) ': 0.01178+ (.et 5)( I, 7'(30 - 0.01l7B) -= 1,6S'C( ff3/1J,

    STate

    z.: froM Table !t-qe: .+ fi =', J 7;.='IOI>F; t.t" = /OO,YD BI/'b I V; =UlBs8/tI/lb

    .stAte..

    3: 73::''1 0 ''FJ sod. 1TOfDt: Fro1)1

    Tah/e. A-7E. ;

    'U.3 :

    1 S.08 a41All~

    "

    -03"

    ~
    .....

    2.

    '"lOt>

    1J
    1.1'
    The re~,u're~ e.nef4C:S -lra.KS~ 4r~ ~~rM,,,,ed e.,er~f foc.c.la.,A('e.c

    J "'LptAV:: P.(lJ"'2,-V";)
    W,,, : (\ \b)( 30 l\'fI,,,,:a.)(I.CJ8S'~'-Lb 5"Q) f+3/lb I'Y'f ~Lll I S~ L. )=1.82Q ~
    ,.
    1~2. l'8f~' f

    prousSI-2.:

    US1J;.g ~.;Z.11, W,'Z.~

    0H~-: 0

    A~+yrE+'n\llt~-U,)

    Proc:e~s. 2-3:

    'Wl

    => Q\'2.:: )'\\w-a,-\..(,) +W,'Z. = \~.2>113~ ~


    d~~~~M{U3-U.",) Q'1.~ -Wz. 3

    :::Q,'2,.-W\"L

    W2.':1 = -11.82 J

    Q2.~ ':: M

    frocess 3-, t

    ;;:+ ~l(.(t-U3) ~~
    \tI?t,: - V\o\<.u.,-u?)

    Q)@ W c.\-e

    ='W1"l.T

    W'2.?>+W 3 \

    U 2.) +W?'! -::. -lti.\.4 8~'C

    (LA 3 -

    -W 3 1

    e,

    8.12. 13\u.

    =(1.82.') i-(-lI.gz) + (S:12) =-J.11Jhh.<

    The he9"fwe. Va e.for ""c.c.1cle iV'tdic.t;ks -t.~ cyC'.'~ is Q. ~.fyi,e~ .


    2. A cMeck of fKe nef- heed' -tnthsfet"eo",+' r"rtlS fi\At ~~,'* =' W~dc .
    .1.

    3-sq

    Q\'2.

    Q).,3

    PR06t,EM

    3." q

    kNOWN:

    An electro,'" resi.s+or- +,.o.r\sfe.,.s


    i VI SLt Ia;f-e ~ C Offe r 1d n Ie.

    ener~~

    wafer ,'", ~

    -10

    well ~

    :befevmif\e. fwe f,'ka.1 e~u.IIi1Dr;LA.rt1 -teMpertlfLt.re..


    SCHEMp,.Tlc. i ulVcN DkrA:
    FIND,:

    ~i'////////I
    ~

    ~ ~10

    +-~

    0ta3

    ~rz
    ~~

    :: ' :> kS) 1C i =:Z 7 DG


    w :: 4 k.~) rw~:' socc.

    c.opper:

    l"k c

    wafer:

    __ ~

    W/l7~~v/
    /////////// //.

    W=-Iook:r

    ASSUMPTIONS: (I J The

    (/

    c.opper-io-nktA.\'d wa.fer aJ"e a.. closed .&'f6fern .(2) 7"t1ert!.

    is 1')0 hea,f 1mnsfer.(3J The coJ~~"'o.Mdwafe.r.b-eWtve GlS' ,i1COl11O'rQ,ss'iJ,)e.


    SA.';std ViCes wit'" COKS""'n1: .s~c.( fiG "'eJ3.( IfJ k/~ etic at.1.J. pofett'l-ia.( el1er'9'~

    ettecfs dre ne5'i,Uol.e.. (5) 'No ener-gCj i-s stor-e.J jl\ +\rte. r.e.sls-fDr; AUY-es= 0
    AAlAkV51 s : The e.net"9!:t. ba./a.nce red..u.ces a..s follo~
    +~ AlY :::;1'_*&>w -=t> ~U :. - 'IV

    1/0

    or:

    A~:~Uc. +l\U w =- W
    me ce CT~ - Tel) + Wl",-> Cc.J

    ~~~

    S~lvill\.9

    -k>r +Iva
    T

    (T-r -Tw ; ) .:: - W

    +I"",d ..,.e.YYlp.e('O..+lL...~J T.(!

    me Ce.Tc., + Wl w Cw'-w\ - W
    :: --------...;";,,,;,.-me:. CC!. +- ~ w

    CLa)

    L(s 111\.9 Ttl ble. A-Itt.J +he specific" JIleoA- ef copper is <!c. -::. D,3 as
    -'Or wa.4e.vat 32.5 k.., Cow': '-l.li'l k;r/ FcJ' K, Tku.s

    (J)

    T. ::.
    f-

    03

    I<.T/ ~ Ie::.

    b;r )( D. 385 Ic~ 1ke;,J<) (2 7fZ'131k ..,. ( q)( 4. 11c=t) (50 +273) -

    Q3

    k:<j)(D.395

    t. Nr;4e -fl-ted- +e.rnpera:lu.y. I~


    e.K ('r"e..ss l<!>Vl

    DC

    b.cr-/k.j.te-) +

    tou..ld l1a.ve

    A1N:t

    (-loO)

    (~)(4.nq)

    l,eeVl

    LtSed d.trec...fllj

    I~ +IA~

    PJuJ(3L-etvl 3,70

    kNOWN: A v,ot alu.hi)\().~b.t(ls f\~~d ~&.t ~\I\

    ttv\& +1Ae. weufe-r COfhe

    s u,V"'rolA."dtlAjS .
    ~:

    OfC.V\

    ok> Co1 I.oU.I a~Y'Lu.W\ wi+l-\

    wa+e~. The bc.rfnc.",s+cv- wi+~ +"'e

    +A.""k,. of

    11\0

    "'ea.t

    Coe>(

    'D.e+eV'mij;\~ tf;t4 .c.1~Al k"""pef'c,t:fu..re.

    5CU6MA-iIC

    a GrlllEtJ

    'DATA:

    Vo..-:. 0.2 ~+3

    lv-a . . . ,

    T",.;. -:. :l,.OO 0 F'

    w-fe-r

    I
    ,

    _..A.-

    A\

    ba.r

    +4-'
    T
    F

    \lu# '::

    w;' -:::.

    10"

    The. A { foa.r Al'\.J wakr iA.re.. fke. ck>s~"J s,.skm .(Z.) Tk& al!A...... l~lA.w
    aM.tl (,Ua.~ b-tl-\a.V( &<5 jlloCC"'Atpressilok su~,-Io.kceS l.cJ;tL1 t(}')ts-kw.+ ~r:eifi~ ltt..o.-{s.
    Q) K/~ektG Cl\KtL po/-el.f:h't{{ ~1A.~rfi~ e,Ut.e..fs a"~ tt.ea'e.c./-u<. (If)
    is 1(0 hetl\.t 1ru~t"
    i
    II
    S
    betw~K, 4-lAa. -{f,t,;,k ~ [-Is StAyvolAKc1.t' 5 , Q,V\tJ, 'AI =0.
    ASSUMPTIONS: (I)

    ,we

    ANM.YSIS:

    i"e. e"er'Ij

    b(;(.la,ltce ('~es

    AS +ollcws:

    -++ l1U =;/-)11

    ~A1J=O

    or AV ()"-4- 6 'U"'" = o. 7kus'" if 7f is -fk +\ ~cJ e~t.(.t( i~ ('I u.Ki\ -kwferafu. reCD
    'tno..cJrf - ~L ).,. Wl w CW CT:f -Twi) = 0
    .solV'~ fer Tf
    n1o.'o,..To.;

    T :'f

    + "-"w CkJ ~.:

    r'1Cl\..CQ.. -r ~w

    To eVA ll-A-aAe. ~ w)

    U.-:OIL

    WI
    VI

    :.

    1lJ:

    (j)

    t: w

    7 {)f> r::: .frc, ()1 Tal, Ie A -2 ca -(0

    Vw = '1 #3
    ~

    Ud

    b:' ;24Q;J..liD

    .>I "oS .ft3/f

    To ..vcd~t. IN'\o..., \A.~~~o..~c.ro""" To....~\e.. A-\q ~


    ~ o, ':. f 0. Ve>. -: ( lDq ~l) (0. '2 .c+~) :. 1> s. ~ lb
    IJov.J, wi"",'" Co.. ':. 0." \~ 3-hA./I&o~ o.-J. Cw ~O.QClQ E-k.{II>oR (0.,,"-54 012)
    .c.ro_ T(),.~l~ A- \~e- ( we CoCA."" eVCA.l~t. (.~)

    T _ C~'\.~ (b) (O."l.(<' (3~/tboR)(200"''{(,OYR-to-(~l(q.'t)(O.Clli~)(10+({<DO)


    ~ -

    ('1"l'~'b)(O:l.t~.d~~{lk()n.)

    ::.5"11.'11<.

    -::.l~.loF

    + (~""q.l.)(o.o.QQ)

    <:

    -+ ......... ~ .. r: Q. i- v. f" ~ ''''''-F c 0 \.A.. l 0\ b ~ v...s. eo d i c-, +""'" s


    e~pr e\~i..on Ic>ec.o..~sc. i"'- \~VO lv e.c; ~e~~ .. ro.~"'t<'- ch~ef' to"""

    ..

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    (33.'0

    -3

    'JiOoz.l:.1.L1IXlo rvai/k,

    +f..ta.t +he. ck.o,,..+ va-lue i-s correci,


    +he.

    mASS

    h::} 4Ioo(..(.t. L.f. ( Ok

    the ide! aa.s

    PR Df?JLE/Vl .3.82

    Fo,," all 5rn.{eS jV\ +~Q. :S\"'4.d~J ('~~l6'" 0\1\


    -the. T- v o.fQ.~ ~M f <. D. l'\'\ ~ \o(A.y,. S \'~C.e.
    2:,-+1 (1.S fR.~oJ+kct. ic(<Z.a.\ 5<'4 W\.ocke.\ <:4"be G~Q.clc.<L.l ~ s~ t , 'If If is \ltdiet *e~
    it W l \\ 'oe. ev~V\ be tteV' ().,,+ o-+We.V" '>tt.ltes ''''
    1'~e. shcteleA 'fe.tJ\CM. Ff'O~ \a~\e A-2-

    lY, -:. 1J <! b00c. =lac"

    (0 Mfa..

    :: (00

    tJW\

    I<

    Fis .A-Z

    :::2s;z, K ~ 2,00

    I.' A 5SUW'I'hg
    u~d.er-pretli.ch

    :.

    s:....l.llDC

    -troVVl Table. A-I


    (00 ba~

    : J,!

    k:r.)(2SJ.I<.) I f.1P6. 10

    N2.

    <o.Co~S- l<9 ~~I---------------_--:""':~~~~

    us,~~ d.~

    PR

    ,, r
    ,, p:::.

    /0

    l'

    mil k.~

    R T\

    ::. (D.l'i~'t b~y") ( 7.lo1 ( tt&3/krj) (IOSNI'V\\~, (


    8.31 Y. "::r \ (foO +'2.'3) K
    l 'oC4.... 'J
    ( 18.0'- ~.\<. J

    :. O.qtt" =>

    lolea' ,~,

    wwd4!.1 i-s

    (1ceu,t"etfe

    3- 70

    ;11\

    f;ko.J.ecQ

    r"eql~.

    PRD(/)~E.M

    .3. B3

    1. 20

    '.0
    1. 10

    -T

    1. 00

    "-> z=- 1.0 Ii

    1. 20

    ,.~

    Q.

    1. 00

    II

    "I

    o.90

    o.80

    :D
    .~

    --

    ..

    1. 10

    ..

    --:.._ 2.!l(}

    ~-

    - ---

    -- -0-

    ~~~""

    ... - ------_-r ::

    I'

    ~''i., ~\./

    9,;.~",/~

    '' /
    ,;

    -:

    J< o~?/p~;~ /" .,/

    o.70

    ~ o.60

    o.50

    X, 'x' , -::

    -~

    ~~~~
    ~

    2. 0

    "" .....

    ,,'"

    ,.

    \.40

    .-,

    .~

    -.-:::a

    .."......-- ~
    ::-- -s> .,.
    ~

    ,./- ~

    ,,"

    -2!!P

    - .., ..,

    oV0;:-'
    .0
    >
    I '
    /;'
    ,.f-:v':: ~~
    V' X'\:/ ,,/ /' ~.
    ~O ():~ ~ / / ~
    ;"
    q;..V
    ,\" X \:. /"'v ,/ /. -: ~;'0;2_'}-~

    \ X; >\J\ , ...."

    '"a.

    -::~ ~

    ...-

    ~~~,?7"',~
    ~ ~~o ,
    ___

    .-

    - _7---- ---- ------ .-.---.-=------ --- - - --- -- -- --- - - --: - --- - - -::..:::.-- --- -- . ~ -.::.- -::;::;.-:
    - .6;- z->
    --- .-T.... '~O

    ""h r"

    ..1J!Y :::--::::; .::r

    ,'( -v ,J\..", , , , 1.1''';:':'-:: -::?


    ,- .- -s-:
    '\' ,
    /

    'X <:

    o040

    ~ ~

    /~~

    .-

    " ~/
    " /'\:~ I
    <c-:
    I

    o.30
    o.20

    ,\

    1.0

    3.0

    2.0

    4.0

    5.0

    6.0

    8.0

    7.0

    9.0

    10.0

    Reduced pressure, PR

    Figure A-2 Generalized compressibility chart, PR :5 10.0. Source: E. F. Obert, Concepts of


    Thermodynamics, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1960.

    for ai r Table A-I


    J

    ~ \ve.s;

    Tc. =:.133 K Pc. =37.7Iu~r


    J

    The. followln!') .

    observa:Hon,S Gat'! 6e ma.d.e. -fnJ"" the ClAArt-. The. jc(eQ I 94s Vl10del
    ~a.sona"Je. kJheVl
    PR <. 0.1 J .for all +ernpertl.ktYeS ( P <.3.77 bay )

    Is

    for T~:: 2.0 (,:=. Z{Pfo k.); ~ < 7. 2 epc:. :211!tJ~ )


    -for TR =2. S (T:::. 333K); ~ <'5.0 (p<./8Qbcw:)

    ..fOr

    I/l. =3, 5 (r= 'ift,'c /<.

    for

    for

    Tr< > 5. D (T=G,fgSI<) j f/l. <. 3. 2. ( pc:. 12.1 hM )


    TR.:> IS (T=- J'I'SIC)j 'P,~ <-11t) ( P><' """41o&W')

    for-

    T~ '> 1..D (T.:::Z/ofl,lc:.); Ff< <.3.2.. (p </ZI h~ )

    rhus J -for rno.nCj

    IdeAl JaA.

    ) j PIC <.3. 'S (f4/32 bar)

    common a.pflic.atf.ol'\~J,(,fir ca.",

    3-11

    be. re,($()nablJ modeled as cI~

    (il)

    (1))

    (d)

    Alr

    aJ; lltftn. 2c!)Doog

    : PIPe ':: I a.ny:3?, '2.aha-t

    'R = Tire. :.

    '2.()f:J O

    0.0'2.7

    leI 2 3 1;? ':: <B.3?

    7 M8,/t- 2
    J Z t.o

    (ol)
    Ided tJtUl-~c-----..;.,,;.;;:.

    (el

    3-7Z

    PRDeLe.M :3.85
    eel) Re.fv-i.~era.~* 134tt.

    Gt:.

    Fn:>tvJ TCLbie A- J2. ~

    BDOC,

    /.10 ~Pa-

    tr
    -k.chIe. -:.

    Itt~&ce.st'"t>de.'j

    O. OI'f3 5 yr)3/"!3

    (831~ L<.:l \(~)


    _ ~T _ lO~.03 ~J ~S3

    tJi~~( - r -

    (i.

    HP~)

    3
    I. 1 ~p~
    JJ.~
    10" tJ(i\\"" ,\ b"!

    11'0

    :. 0.017'18 W13/~.s
    0/'

    /0 d~vi(J.+toY\ ::

    lb) f?~f'r'l~~lLlA.t
    Prom

    O.o/7CJ B D.

    f). 0

    fL13.5

    D' 4-35

    , )( I~O

    oj

    ::

    ~aLI~:: O.281/''1 rn 3 / 1cg

    3-13

    .....) - - - - - -

    (I.'\Q+ ~~.~

    {31./0... qt Sac. ,0./0 ~PCA.

    tsu A-lZ;

    2 S.3 10 41

    ~NOW:'

    O)(v~e:" I'~ ~+ A. S+A'k fu<:ecl b~ p,.e~rlA.('e. o.",~ S-P~CA-AC.~I~VV\e,


    "D-e* rlM.\ Itt e, +~ -k """'1' e ('A K.V -e USi..,'5 '1 e 11 e V"A.l, 3 ~d. C-'H'.. p N" Sf I h I I, ~
    dA. +~ ().~ ci c..e IN'-f'~ w " ;-c... ~ VA ILt e CA. ( c.",-l A 'k d frtA&\ ~ 00(," c:la.A..t
    ~ cl.A.Q _
    Al.JALYSi~,
    p::: 2$0 loA"') \1"= 0.00 ~ lA-\3/1:::, " c.v; . h" Tc:.: lSY Ie a.~~ PC::: SO.S" OA.r
    '.

    ~.

    '4.;,)

    fr~ 7Abl~

    A -,

    ~: ;;~

    -=-

    <-t.q~J VR. ~

    (o.ooi ..,..3/r,)(~o.s~/o'r),J/..... y O.~1'l


    ~ ~ 1"63/'1 ~ V'S\{ 1::)
    =
    ~~.OO 1:'5'1:. rV

    Pc..

    T= 1C I~ ~ (IS4 K)(:2.0) -:. SO~

    4,

    'A.::7

    -I-Io\..t -\ cU.-t

    U.s;""

    ..Jl,..gss +~"'

    0.+

    Air l'~

    ....., ::

    'P:'

    5 1<'1

    3 Iol..rPc.::' "1T.':l-hA,...

    0 -.3

    co_pr.f>rsihil,.,., cLA..h:t_

    :: O. 0

    H fi fOe!
    T=- pty/W\):.

    v= 2... '2. """s

    /::
    Vtt

    8)

    ';:;'0_ lAW, A-I.J M:: 28.' ":1,)

    (a

    ': (1.'').''(llls~, )Cn"r XlDl-'V!",,1.) -= 4-3. +G,

    V p~

    r Tc

    T"'-u't l.lS ~

    3.88 ~
    KNOW"":
    A ~t\'" of
    an <1 PJI,Ia s S v.t e .

    M 'PA.J

    The~

    f.e.-ferr'""w fi.,A-l.J %:-/.


    IH

    (..ui~

    &i-~ ft'><~d. b'1 p"""-~.l.4f.e) Ul>lvWle.. .::\nc:L 1v~ W\4S'S'.


    +'- ;.~""""pe.,--..f-u~. c.~tk~"t)J..\ekt., ~ ,.cU....f ~...., JA,...e4a.t.

    It ':. 3r.? loAf'; TC = 133 J<.

    i' j

    ~ A_q ~ obfl4,;/lte q

    0..

    o.e..~,."""",..,~

    AN It L "('r,' s~

    PI R-

    .s~

    B.gr

    KNowN:
    1=lfo.JO:

    t)

    (~~~o ~:~_)

    (i: -

    ~08lEM

    f,'VV\,

    -4QQ.---

    P\r _ ('-S01-.f o5"/V!,.,.tX O.Oo,?> w.'3I~J) = ~~ K

    To::

    T""'" v/lo.lu~...o

    IJ A

    ~3 1 ':1:
    (*tf?-

    N'M"y

    ~ .~j..

    elf ~ " c:lu..t

    in k:)

    ,,<4..$

    lUi VA "DVt

    'i. lOS" t-J/ ...1.. z.l.IM'JiS~j) ::. 460


    (<i J 1'/ f "l8 q 1- ~- .... / ~ -/<:. )

    "f r-fa. -k...

    K......ait----- r

    ?eOBLl: M

    FfIVf):

    1~l'\Ow",

    De+et'~""'. ~ Vl>ll4"",c o

    ANAL..'t'~tS~ ~
    1(.: z..3'7()~.1

    ':.

    Vlo'\(),.SS

    -t -{-he (;\.,',...
    o

    t 0 (6 / T =10 of :S30 R

    rc

    ~~~ OIl.

    ""

    ~rl'~~-lb ft.,. A~I.J

    Z'" I.

    ~s j"S~'~'t d:

    ~T )

    ,,-yo-

    W\t.... \

    telMpe,..,fc,\ie.

    Ver,f't +hA+ ~ i~ .,a..t ~OLa..t -.pplt'es.

    ?::. ?o (bt-l,"\-: Lv; 11- 'Tc.) Pc.. tv- ~ 7", ~le

    Pc.:: '3r." A~

    T~:. ~ -:. 530f2. :-J..'2.1,) P2: .;-

    V--

    c..",,~,,.'tr ~lrL;- A..tr~CAit"f'J

    p'"V"::.
    ::.

    W\

    (30111-,'1)

    0;

    0.05"S'

    37. "2-

    T~l) \A~ 1~ ~.~ ja.o ~1v",,-h~1 ~h.JJ..

    OY-

    (~ Y4--. lb-f) ( SsO oR.)


    ;;)..~.q1 (6~R.
    (--;0 ~ It(" l~~ 7~p.)
    [b\
    )

    $'1.1

    '1

    f'L~

    -0 ., t'T~

    -'5

    PRo/?>UE-M

    3.8~

    Foran ideal ~as:


    For heJ iu,1\I\ ~~t-<

    = pi (~) T :: f 1:1. / 12. T


    p.,essuv< QMt;.{ f~VtAfJ"'4fu.re

    ttL"') .fAciA at#e 64me


    s"fe. -:. F M N~ I R T
    YCc.Lr

    = p-M.a.w / jaT

    -rkus
    ::

    If. 003
    ).8.17

    to

    c( e teV'm 111 e

    = D.13e

    PROt!JLeM 3.~D~

    -th e. ide.a.l

    (j) Us I;' j

    g(.c,S t'rI 0

    -liAe. Volu.m e

    de.l

    r::ro=r=-=_

    "'1'

    1100-

    y=.l1RT

    1- _

    :: (1Ibm D I ) ( / S4 5

    ;:~~~"p.

    )(SS"OOR)

    l.

    Sct.O\

    T= SS-ooR

    f~~1

    14.'/ JI1~

    ( lOO Ibf"....OZ')
    ~

    Ar ~

    11 -::. ) l\,n,o \
    'P ~ 100 lLJ.ii","2..

    ft3.. . . .~

    The. fX.ppfi c.ab 'tl tty of- f-/,te ill ~(~~ V\1.ode-1 c..u..... Ioe ve-v-if i e.4 ~S

    re..(e'l'n~

    to

    tke.. U>YlAfY~ssit.,tl H!J e-fAavf.

    3-75

    P12D6LcM 3/1/

    Pressure-specific volume of air as an ideal gas (81 Units)

    10 - r r T " " r - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    ---B--

    ----A-8-

    T = 300 K

    T = 500 K
    T= 1000 K

    --*- T = 2000 K

    10

    Pressure-specific volume of air as an ideal gas (English Units)

    200
    180
    160
    140
    T = 500 0 R
    T = 1000 0 R
    - 8 - T = 2000 R
    --*- T = 4000 R
    ---B--

    120

    ----A-

    :;;;
    .0

    100

    c-

    80
    60
    40
    20
    0
    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    v (ftlllb)
    3-7~

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100

    'PROBLEM 3.'13
    K~OWN:

    IJw:let"joe.s ~ PA.OUl~.s befw..e"" +~ S+A+E"J' J elif.ck ft~~4. h::J


    ( l K c:l
    +e. """ p e, I"'d ~..-e.

    Mefl.u""e.

    1C~lNY\

    V ~ h,ur

    i- P"'-' $I \.v e

    De~"".""'lA t A n h ~ il'\.-k-; r4l.f\l'1j


    te~"", If UC i ~') 4:'1:

    /=//...)4>.'

    CP (T)

    fr~ ""TA.101~ A~ I

    .'" cl

    c~c~ -t"'t

    Ij :. 3'2..0 10:= J 1', ='2. bi-r j

    A*"A loY S'\'l):

    Tc:: lq\ I< )


    TR\::

    fer::

    4~

    ,4 bAr,

    T~'l.. '::

    ~: 0.04

    f~'l..::.i.E.. - O. "Z.2.

    l~,

    4(". i-

    1) h

    I 0 &o~r-.

    TVoKA

    -r. tql e

    A -I)

    T&...u..s

    3 2e' :: I. l. 8

    Re-f.t.v-ril'\9

    ikusI

    Pc ~

    7i.:: Boo ~ Pz. '::.

    ~"t>lo: 4. Iq
    4(,.4 -

    -to F,~.A--I 4+ PI2:I )T~I ~""" p~'Z)TIZ"'&.J+L1e. idett':J.AS lMode.l iSA('pJicalok.


    =J'z.
    c, cJ.r wl.tel"~ ~(T) is DbM.i"t eel .(YD~ T~lo/e A- 21. Tkcd 1".5
    TI - , ' )
    rr
    'YeT):. R(OCt/3T+(fT z .,. ~T3+ -r")

    s':CpC.T) dr :. R J Tz()(+~T+ ~'T'~ di~+GT'f)dT


    "
    T/
    :. R [0(('''' -T,) -I- ~ (T~z-1i~) + .f (,:-1/) + f (Tz't.T, '1) + 1(TzS-T SJ ]

    ~ h(T"Z~-l-tl.Tt):'

    :r~seyh '''J~ v"dues


    k-:i'
    '" IT,.,)- hLT,): (B.31'f ICMOl.,,) (3. 82.'-{ SoD-320) + (:-3.e:t1q )(lO-3)(BOO~
    (

    lb.O"t ~ )
    \c.Mo\

    32.02.)

    2b

    ..- (2Y.S:S'BKlO- ) l Boo3_ 320') +- (-2.2. 7 3 :J XIO- 'i ) { 8 0 0 &f_ 310 't )
    3
    ~

    ('.c\b3;If:)

    ::. l't ef\, '3

    -t2

    (SODS-32.0S)

    ,,::rI ,<j

    Ah

    ITCode

    Alternative solution;
    cp cp_T("CH4", T)
    dh Integral(cp,T)
    Using Explore button, sweep T from 320 K
    to 800 K in steps of 1.

    =
    =

    T1 320 /I K
    T2 = 800 /I K
    h1 = h_T("CH4", T1) /I kJ/kg
    h2 = h_T("CH4", T2) /I kJ/kg
    delh h2 - h1

    The ano.~"'iccd ~k.el IT t"e6ults CD"1'at"oL


    V.e.l'"~ fa. VDra 1.1 j .

    IT Result

    sn =1489 kJ/kg

    3. 0, If
    Froo 7obJ4t. A-2/:

    PIZO&t,6fCA

    tJOLO

    ~ 1-,.

    eer =ep - ~

    =2.5::' 5/2-

    ~'> ~ = ~ -I

    1<':~:'~:SI
    c;,.
    3/2.
    3

    :::

    .......~----------------

    3-71

    KNOWN:
    FIND:

    +0 CtrnV'1oVlie\cDl1-ht.\.tGd,~

    A pat:ldle r.Vhee/-fnu'JSter'"StYlel'59

    Y'i",C{" well-iIrtStda..le4

    Defet'm,'",e fke f,"vt().f teV\1peV'(J.fu~e. D.f

    St HEMATIC

    clore.J,

    C4.

    fa-VIle..

    +ke.

    AVhWlO)1la.

    tTl VEe N DATA:

    = a./21b

    z ,;+3

    r, :: ;J. 0

    , I. -/
    {' ~

    "n'I

    11o~ /,'11\2.

    W =. -;2.0 8tu.

    Amrt1 o J'\ i tl l /:

    ~ /~/~

    J The /Arnm DYlia. is t:t closed s<J.sfe.m.(2J The a~Mo#1iC\ ~V8S


    no heed 1ra.Vlf'ter.("t} J(,i.-te-l-ic, ~ ,o!-ellLfta../ ene"9!J
    effecfs ().re ne~/ ;5i bJe .

    A5sUM PItoNS: (I

    (j) as. aYl

    idea.'80A. C3) -rkQ.re is

    ANk~YSI'S: To de.f.e.V'~'VJe the

    Ay1-~ Jy4t+

    +tuo.' fe~rtLftA. reJ .b~i~ wi~ +""e eHe..,~ hAlaM~


    AU" {/.W

    E"a.ltAAf' ~ AU
    ~

    AD :. "'M..61.(. .::.

    YVa

    (;(oj

    f T~) dT
    I

    7able A-.2IE.: ep=. R(.3.Sql+a.2iCfx.103T+2.S7")ClOr.T'Z .... ,.1.f37)C16'r3+O'2bOlXl1,~Cf


    w'lf'" ~ v = c.r - R
    FrOf11

    AU =
    ::.

    'h\

    fT,T2-(2 .5"

    .,. 0,2.7"1 }(i03 T + 2.' 7'-:K ,O"TJ-I.., 11)(, 0',.;3.,. 0,

    (~.'2IltJ)l I'S~5 f+J~)1


    (1'7,0""

    ''''-r<

    .1.'57iP )(10-" (T.

    IBhA.

    ;7BI-I./1,f

    ~ T 3)

    I[ (....

    0:21'1X, 53

    2.51. T~-ll)+ ...

    _ I. "I'37x,6' (T,.'f-T,"')

    2.,

    + 0.2'0' XIO 'c:r: S_

    '-{

    = PaV _

    ~R -

    Com h,;" 1~..9

    2-

    CT~-r.)

    2.

    The i",itia I 1eYt1pero.fu.re ;s

    -r:

    2.'0' 1Clo'r"')~
    "T"

    S )]

    'I.

    (.lit.)

    (-2ol,flti.t")(J.#-')
    (.12. (b) ('S4~
    11.04 ,b.oR

    ff"l,.,)

    I'Lflt)IA'7.!
    1#'2.

    = 52'j,'t

    R.

    +lte .s~rre& rnla.*tinls 0Md. ,nserfJirA!} vaQ,tu,s) T,. .beu>rnes flv2.

    Cl1~ u.u.kl1.Dw~.

    u..SiV'j ~V\ eqoo.ti(/V\

    T-:z. ::.
    I. FOf" S~tt4e I

    t:J :lO.t

    .sclv.er

    s\)ch ~ :I:TJ

    or<. 4i:E----------------~

    rfl.. = (2.0)/(111.3' ''I.''') = 0.001'2.'2. JTlC,= ~2.Cl.'i)/~30) =tJ.72..

    Fro ......
    Frtj. A-I; ~,-::". 7ku.s) fUSUWll'f,""" a is (".ttt:<soVlA.h/c -lor skk I. 8fj,s!M; 14 r
    G1A.~ W.e.'('cv+~ I it C~ t..e CU'l1.cLu&e.J .f1Aett fWJ. lclecJ 9"s moc(e.l IU
    ret1-soraab/-e
    ~fr.e/e. Z aOS we.LI.

    -loY

    KNOWN; A\.,," ~~ c.~Y'~OV\ ck\o')(;\((e o..rf. eCYl~I~ec:( -fo eppOJ\te t>\ties o~ 0...
    ~~\d, w~n- \W~v...\Cl,,"e.et t.Ovt\o..'~e.r. '\..e fo.r-\-\+\o~ ~O'lQ.S o.~ ~l\ows t.~c.
    +\o~ .fv"OM O'4\e. tC>.S +0 +\-.e. o,",-e.v- lA.\I\fil e~u.\\ \\0 'f""","", i.~ Q.c.'-'\ev~A..
    F\Nt);
    'D~te,Y-W\\'~~ +~Q t-\-\\o..\ +e"M.peV"Cltu.Y'~AAe.t freuu.re.

    DCl*E.MA-1'\c'

    Ct\VW DATA

    A~SUMPT\O'-l~" (\)

    The

    **

    '-ow\~\\'-\s of +~e

    c.oV\-\-o.~v.e.~ forM a.. C\ose.J. ''d s\-Q.'M..


    (2.) The. O.:"V" (>..~ co. be.'-'Q.ves e.s

    i~(.(\.l ~eue.s WL~ ~sffJ..\\t ~rCCl.f.tc.

    heo..+S.

    (~) The. s~ ~\-e.M


    0.. \A.&

    So Q. 0

    e.~e."'~'d

    w = C.

    s to(-e.d. i,-, +\;..e.

    is lS 0\ o..te.cl
    The. Ye \S -ri.c

    ea.nt-nov..

    <'(5) \<. \~e.\-lC. o..w:l ~o+~\I\t-~


    D.JI'E. '(\ e.~l\~ \ b\e...

    kN'A-L.'/Sl5

    I.

    eY\f,rStl

    To o.e;\eV"'fY\\\I\e

    e-~~"'8~ Gct\o..",c~

    Partition

    (4)

    e~c.\:s

    -\''t.e. t-I~d-.\ -te.'M~<l-r~.:\ .. u.re ~ be.~\V\ wi-\-\\ -H\e..

    + JI~+ ~v ~ ftj4

    or"

    w',.I-t...

    Insulation

    ~U::

    'YY\a.i.V"

    t>U-o..iN-

    o...~ u..~\"'.j El'

    YV\c.oa, b\A. CO'20

    .3.50

    :. 'M(1,\Y<:"io.\W'T,~Q.~V" + 'V'nc.()~C.",.,)co, 1')(,0'20

    T
    6..

    <=''''',o..Vr +

    'N\o.,V,-

    VY\ c..o
    "

    c...r c.o
    )

    'Z-

    ~\v..a cJ.o..."\-o- f,-O"M T oJo\~


    me.o...V\ +e.~Q.~o..tu..YQ o~ Lfoo\<, ) cU'~o..\,. 0,12.. (0 ~/~'K ~
    c.\1"~C.O'lo : O.'1S0 ~"J/\<.cs' K. ThlA.>.) t~Q +''''G..~ +'tVV-fe..~Me. is

    The s\>Q.c\fic. heo..'\-s

    T'Z.,

    o..fq,

    evdv...o,:teA

    A- zo a.:t

    e;

    \:.:r/~"~)(~50 K) T (3)(.'50)('tS~)

    C\ k&j1(D,12.lo

    =--.:.------:::...-------------(l ~) (o . 1'2.!cJ k:r/luj' ",,)


    ('3) (.'150)
    -t-

    :. Y:2.5, b \< ....

    Ne')ct, ~ ~\"'cl. t~e. +-\\.\0-\ fY~s~u:(e

    T\\e.

    \~\t\o..\ vo\.u.~~

    6~ ~

    o...Vc is

    T:a.
    >

    +lne. +oto..\ \lC'l\A.'Me \( V\eeJ.~et.

    'Vno..v.r R o.i.,. T\ J Q,.Vr-

    (I It.. )

    f, .. 0..\,(8.'3''1

    "r\'. ) (350 \:;.)


    "e,en "'3"

    (s

    b~r )

    . \ ba.vlDS'wlW\'Z

    L0

    N,~

    \ \c.'!

    PRf)B~cM

    :3.'1 fo

    S I M ~I a..r 't:1

    fa r

    V
    1),"0'2,

    fl.1e c.a..rbot' a/OX ,de.

    :. 'M{O~

    1<,0'"

    Tl) (,0",

    (3)

    (~i~.'otl,) (QSo)

    ~)~4

    :: 1.275

    (~)

    l 31
    ~
    IO~

    )1"\3

    Vfot ~ D. ZD I ~ 3

    + 1.2 7S M 3 = I, I.fi~ t\'\ 3

    lJow J a++~ -?l"'a.l skte


    Y1-1-o+

    R. Tz..

    ':.

    (Y\Qt'-r + V\",,,.')

    V~+

    Wi~

    Y\ ~

    f-z. -:.

    i2. T4

    V+o-t-

    Y\o'l/M
    (

    Yl"4~V' / M 4W .,..

    WlCoz. /

    Hc.o.) R 1;.

    \/+0+

    "-5
    -...L )(
    k:T)(
    )
    ( 28.~1\"~/kWlOI
    + 11'f.OI 9. ~''4 1(.~oH<.. Lj 25." Ie:.
    (l.l.lclo M3)
    2.4(,2 bCLV-...
    ~~

    10 N'M

    lk:r

    ....;.-'O

    1)+

    CCl'tst-a.t.t-t ~pec.iflG l-1ecx.fs -ftJ.c.lli+Q..fes +he J-e-fefMli-tatlDvi


    of T2..' The tt.u u.w.r.+lCh\. is rASof\"IoJ~ for ~ ('e.la.i-weltJ <sMa. ~l hMpera.tu.te.
    r~V\~e. i1l\ 11A.t.s pro 10 ~r'\'\.

    L Il-ae CtSfur.llp-t-ICrl'\

    '3-80

    KNDWN:

    I-(eat transfe r: occurs

    is speci'fi e4..

    to

    o.ir"" IVl

    tl

    rifJI4 1a.KIt:.. The initial sl-a.fe.

    "DefeYM'VJL tl1e fl"'~( teMperQ:ltA.re Alkd P'('8~1.u.t"e usin5 (4)~ ltnI.s-law:t


    spec.if,.c 1f7J.lL<.e) (bJ fA. spec.ifl.c heat *V\c.tL~)(c.) tItJtQ:W- ~hle..s.
    sc HEMAn, i
    DkTA:
    FIND:

    ""leu

    The. air

    ASSUMPr!QN.$; (I)
    (;t) The a.ir bel1ctve$ ~

    is

    v-s:

    a. clo$eJ sysl-em.

    a.n ideal 'Jag. (3) 1heY'e

    is no work.. (II) I<,~~tic. fAntJ.


    effeck ctre.. n~li~IJoIe.

    p, ::. xo

    Air

    fol-e.Ylti~{ e~er9t:l

    1~-F/liA"Z.

    T, =-StDD1<

    Q.::t.b6iu.

    To defe.rml~e tJ1e f,itcd feV\lt,pttv-a.+Ure) bt2fjin 'V,'rh the ene~~

    Ayl~ ~E. -I- AU ~ 0.-)11"


    or

    '1'l1(IA~-L<..,)

    Evo.lu.a.+,~

    fl.te

    =-

    a.

    1Az:-u.. c ': QIYV\

    Mets;S

    p V (;2.0 I bf/;Ii\'Z. ) (2. U ~)


    ~I&.l"f i ~}
    m =- RT =- ('5'1.15 -F/-',bf)(500 R'\) ,~'1. =
    2.8.'1

    rio. 0.

    . lb

    0.21.4,

    "

    (0.. ) Fe> r <X. CDYtsta It t ~~c.lf;c.. heed- ecr

    'U.-z:- U,

    Tkus)

    '=-

    e LT cT~ - T I )

    w',~ (~)

    OJ +- T.
    ;;;c:,.

    -r:.
    I~

    Fro~ Ta.ble A -;20 J ~-t t=-/oo"F (6 oo tz ) J ~",..:. O. {72. 5kt/ lb OR..

    T2,

    (b

    (.2((.

    T~

    'P""'-A

    s t tA. (

    e,

    p....

    'P :.
    1'1.

    '>

    "t"

    .soo0{t2.

    Ib) (./12. 6Ju/cbo~)

    k>~d.5 OR. ~

    =.

    AccorcL4~J f..--~.s

    B.(v..

    (cq

    ~""'"'P"""'A~ i","~ ~ vo...l...u..a. -~.ec:l

    \In

    R T"Z. _

    /./5"15)

    (.21" )\ oz.8,tfl ((Po/.5) _


    ( z.) ( l 't &.I )
    - 2 fJ.l/fs,

    ~r =-R(oI+t8T + 1r 2

    ;.
    Cv

    -=:

    eV"

    .,.

    fov

    Cv

    Tz.

    &.a -PfVYfYl'~'

    IA

    CDCb) From Tab/eA-21E.


    wit"

    -rf.uAs

    + rr 3 + E- T 'i )

    R.

    = R (0< - , ... PT + II T 2.+ d r 3 + c

    3-BI

    T 'f )

    /. ~
    (4.\ P2.0
    Ibf' ~ ..,~:-.-..::...-..;.",~

    Tw,S

    T'L

    U'Z.-L<..,

    JT,GrdT

    ::'~RRoC -. )(7'2. -"T,)

    f-

    I va ser+l"'~ va {ue..s

    _ 1I.'i Sb eWlb ~o(. tie)


    ~B.cr111/rloM.o'

    '1AU, - \.

    7;

    + ~ .0 1

    (T;-

    (T'2.~T,"1) + t

    T,1)

    f<l;'!. ~'t) t- ~ (T:-r,Sil

    [ 2.''5'3 (T:&,-S()O) ~C:z.


    h.7112.XIO -3)( ~
    '1.- SOD)~

    '0 -c. )(7;,3-5DO') -{ o. 3 2.~Xlb-

    Cf
    )

    (~Y_ .5Do'1H~02j 2.X/ o'j(1;.:'sotf)]


    (1f-*)

    Combtv,il1g ~ sfa.rrec1Il?la.f-t.011s aMd ;11~eY/-J~j


    'U~lc:.n.own.

    Solvilf\~ Hef'&f,fiveI1

    Va.lc..c.es) Tz.

    hel.oYl1e.s+lut l>n '!J

    ( b) T,..
    Tz. =. " 61. i> DR. 'C4lii---------------~

    (hI f'2..
    ~ &.2'.'17 IbfliIll44~-------------~~.

    (c, From Table

    A-22E 1 tL,:: 85.20 8.fu/IJ,.Frbftl (JIr)


    t-<.2.':'

    Q/'IY\ + u.. l

    :.("

    ~b)'" B S.20

    o.~lbi

    =.

    /I :LC, B 8o}t( 1110

    r l11erpola.h~ jtA

    Table. A~22E.
    T~ = ~"La 0R..-E<~

    rz :':2 b. 4.1 I bit i~1-. .


    T1 = 500 /I oR
    p1 =20 Illbf/in. 2
    V = 2 II fP
    Q = 6 II Stu
    delu =Q/m
    m =V I v1
    v1 =v_TP(IAir",T1 ,p1)
    delu = R * ((alpha-1 )*(T2-T1 )+(beta/2)*(T2 A2- T1A2)
    +(gamma/3)*(T2 A3-T1 A3)+(delta/4)*(T2 A4- T1A4)
    +(epsilon/5)*(T2A5-T1 AS))
    R = 1.986128.97 II Stu/lboR
    alpha =3.653
    beta =-0.742E-3
    gamma = 1.017E-6
    delta = -0.328E-:9
    IT Results
    epsilon 0.02632E-12
    T2 = 661.8R
    v2 =v1
    P2 = 26.47 bar
    v2 =v_TP(IAir",T2,p2)

    ~""__=_..=.

    PR08~EM

    3. 'J B

    /UJowf.):

    ~ets. YVIixl.l,(xe ext'cH1d.~

    wi+'"

    k",ow~ 'P'(eS'su.t"e-\lok.4~e
    he~ 1rt1I1\S+er -for +k.e. froces:s

    ,he. i~i+LA' sht.+e. is fixeel CiluA +tAe

    0..

    DekvlhlYte CA) -Ike tLi--\o1 te.Mp.etra.?u,vv:.


    .fiV\cJ \/0 Lu-t\I\e I (;llo\.e! (cO +ke. work. .

    Fl fVD:

    (6)

    r-t..IGl+lolI\,.
    's kl\ Owl'\

    +L-te +l~a I 'PY'eS~ure. ,,(C) +~e.

    sene-MAne It 6=\ veN 'DA-TA:

    Q~3.84 k.T M =-33 ~91"-mol

    = 3 ba..-r; = 3001<.
    'F,

    pVI. ~(qttsf. V, =0.1 rY\ 3


    .-..==-=--_1---_
    for -Ike ~ixfu,r~: ~v::. 0." + (2.5)(10-"') T
    (T'~ 1::." 4..r ik IL;r/~. K.)

    ASSUMPTlQNS: (,,) The ~4S 'Yki xtu.ve. is ~e clou.d S ~6te.r'YI .(~) 7ke 54.S Vkixh...c.re.
    be.~\le~ itS ()..lI\ id(C4,,1
    .(3) -,he 1>rocess is rDLfj.frOfic. wi+L.. 11\ :.1,3. C'+) J<,~e-l-ic..

    BtU

    (J,vW fokvztia.-l eVle.V'1!:1 ef.fecis tt~ Yl~/e~.


    .
    AN Al\fS 'S ~ (0..) To flHd tke. t-l VIa-I ..J.e~ra:ItA . re oJ .:s-ltPrf ~/+t.t f1A.e.. eli1er,,'1 b,clauce
    a l'Ld elC('('e;;s fhe iu.-f~V'V1.f4.1 eV1er~~ ~Q ~ WMk. Lf-1 +errns cf- :.fte..n.t..pe~
    dvJ..~) (tS follow,. Flr-st
    A~+~ +-~U =- Q-W
    From

    .for +J1e (J'0/~:f/rt)d'ic 'Pyoo:ss


    Sfd..V =- WlRCT2.-1i)

    Sa. 3,57

    1>

    W=-

    VL.

    '"

    (-Ie)

    I-VI

    fJ I \Ie"" l.v- .,..e.laJ~


    r 72.
    D
    2 SXIO-C/
    \1
    'YI1 J_ Co-LT) aT :. ~ L(Pb)(Tz, -T,) +( . Z.
    }(7z,~Ij't.U

    A-lsD I -Pron, -I--k42.

    .A V:.

    T,

    III\Wt"por4..fl~~ elY) ~ (\f j$) I~to +Lc.e e~eY,~ ba.{aMCe.


    Y\I\

    U=

    d.S'XIO-C/
    '2- - ) (T~~1j 2.)

    KD.~ )(li. -1j) +(

    T~ Yl'\~SS

    is fo\.l.V\ck

    vv\::.

    p,V,

    RT1

    ~\V\~ +~e
    :.

    lderJ

    U5"~ IT wif'", m =0,3"


    to sot ve .fer Tf.. :

    ~'l<

    l-~

    ~&\S e,\A.4..+~()1;\.

    (3.beu)(O.lm'3)
    (8.3 I lf) g
    (3001<)
    33

    -Ii)
    Q - _Y\'JI>.I'T:
    r-'- z. I.

    C(.,;- skde

    1'!tJl,u~11
    \J
    ' ' ' ' : : . D, 3et..,
    I Mt'" lo3 N' MI\

    k~

    ~5, T; ::.3001<, Gl :.3,5'1 Ic.T} a.4.d.I2= ~.~1"/$3 Ic~/~.,,

    delU = Q-W
    W=(m*R*(T2-T1))/(1-1.3)
    delU = m * (0.6 * (T2 - T1) + ((2.5E-4) /2) * (T2"2 - T1"2))

    IT Result
    T2 = 243.7 K

    .....
    ~~

    7;"

    PRDeUEN .3.98 (

    (on

    ec.-.M, )

    Now, v.sl~j (~)

    W ::.

    +0

    ev~lu.,de ../.{,e wo-rk.

    m R. (Tz. - T, )

    (1-')')
    ::. CO.397 ktj)

    (831'1)
    j

    "J

    1<9 'I<. (2-'1-3.7 - 300)

    (/-1.3)

    =I 8.77

    k.~~
    ..

    3-84-

    PROBLEM 3.0,0,
    /<NOII<IN:

    fto""'"
    ~"

    Q.

    ..
    fo,.

    l-Ie(i.,.\Iwt ~aJ v",d~"''jo~.s 0. proc.Ut


    r..v!A...c"" fijI::. COVlSfr.,.",-t
    jl"~V'\ ..~h;""" S'+-.te. t::. tfA.. S'p~t.4.~ec::l -j;1'\.-t {ZA..urv....-e..
    'De+c""""""",.(' ~ ,-,",c",,le.. 46'\.d
    VteA.+ ty-A.V\S~/ea.c."'pt,.v~

    SCti'iMA-rl c.

    6: Go l "eN

    1; lM.4..rs.

    1)1't7A-:

    [~:_:~~IE

    r . lli

    bAr'"

    p 'U' k. ::. c.o~st:

    PI ~ ~ 10M" J '1j:. 200 K


    f1. = ''1 \010 Y"
    T'- hel'tA\Ilft~ a.. ~tes~d I"ys-k....,. '2. r~ prooSS' ~ .,(t'S'ulk)f'd
    ~. ~ "'all",,,,,,
    ~ M l/ta! 4.? A..,
    ,c:Lt.D<-( j 4 S'. 4: Jc::,'~ e -h'Co
    Q.~a. r0-ltt'.t\-t t",e-r~'1 c..~""~eJ e.re 1~"'Of'-ed.

    ASSUMPTlO"'S:

    11'4'

    \.

    r 11'\< ': Ct'V',s ta"" t.

    At-:).\l.""~l~: fYo.-. T,.&l-t' A ... 2.I; e.,o:, ~.,R..


    TtMlJ
    t:: = ~/ev = '.SII.S -: 11.6'7.

    '" S ~II- f\' ~

    'N; -r""'-

    l pclV

    = ~r?d~

    To

    W ': P....lS~- f. tTl

    ...

    'in

    l-~

    f,t'\d. T'l.) us e

    Tl

    e:p-R::- I.SR.

    .3 J

    ta. J'\ d

    'Z.

    z.,.

    'N;:.

    '2-

    U.SI~ 81. 1 . ~~J C: V t:

    61'

    =- -n ( ~
    _

    r:
    3$"(.

    w,.~ ..,:.1<:

    -=

    "1,,00

    Ie (

    R(T,.-1'\)
    (l-~)

    (at 9 )~
    ( SlS-;(OO\k
    I(.~'''''

    '
    = (1.(.003
    AJ~h the.

    (1- 1.(,"'1)

    l ,.

    L-

    : - (~1.7 /(:J""'
    ..

    he&< t 1Yt.(.lIlsfc,r is
    Afk-+~+ .ov~ Q-W
    Q= m(.<."2.- U , ) +W

    CO

    W\

    =(U"l,.-u.)

    'N
    + v:Yt

    FUr ~ V\'\oned-omi.c.. Bus) c-v- is urrt6f-ttM.t. Tk..u.s


    ~

    ~ :. l! v (

    Cv- =.

    T2.- I.)

    -I-

    R/ c ~ -I) CE:~.

    R(T~ -T,)

    3,'17

    L ~ l<

    b)

    ~ ~ ( :-1) (T~ -1j ) -I- (~)

    ct. -1;) ~ 0 ~

    w/m
    ~

    PR()&E..fw1 3.' 00

    to

    ,<~ow~: The. COYlfe.nt.s of two ~'" "1I\sula.t~ -ttxY1.lc.s qre o.Ltowed


    Y}\lK I o.nd
    e~().i( ;.bri Ltttt is atitu i,.,ed t:JcJ -Hte feMpera:lu.yrJ of +he su.r....oc.e. t\dL"":Js .

    Determ,i.1e. -t-k. ~WlcUM-i o.f. eV\e,~~~ -frc.lM.s~r Io~ ~etA:t ~ tko.


    ffiAa.1 pre.s~tA.re.

    fiND:

    SCHEMM.,

    t Qr,VEN 'M-TA:

    ..I

    \10

    Y\1/A'::. l

    I TaV1~A

    I
    I

    7;,. -: Jl.IlIoDR.

    (t,r

    I
    l

    ~~ :. so 'b.f"~'2. Lc _____ II

    I
    1

    TC(MIc:. 6

    I
    Q.\r

    '"

    7ja .: '1~o DR.

    "l'\1,s& 2o,h

    R. = So Ibfll""~
    T..2- = S:lOOR

    A-55UM PrtDNS: (I) 711e confeYlis of +~e -Iowo -/TJ...,k,s are e, closed. cS~S"feM.(2.)7/ItQre.
    "'0 work.. (3) The a.ir b-eiltaves tU (.lJll ideAl BtU. (If) 1<liA efic. 0Mtt. pote"'~(
    ell\erg~ e+fe~ CA.Y\ be. VJ~ lecfecJ..

    ts

    ANAI,'1f>/S: To flVlc( tke. ne~+ -ffrt1flJ'-Pe,yJ .bt2~il1 w',+~

    ++AU .: Q.-)N
    ..5litlc.e. +~e +liAtNr ~fa;fe. l,s
    ettA-i.' ib ru~Wi
    (W\

    Ih.u~

    .AD::. ~'A+~' G) U. 2.

    :oem

    lit

    +k ene'11~

    b11aMce..

    .~o

    +~IG) u.~ -

    (rn,,.
    (VY\IA

    ~tok.

    u. l ", +- ~.e

    u.s)

    u, ~ + ~,. u,e)

    US ' '''9 AAfo. ff-om TGtfoie A- 22E..

    Q=

    (3Ib)(8B.~2.6~/'b)- ((')(~5Cf.lDlo) + (2.)(ISQ.Si)]

    :: -2''1.' Bfu--E.:

    ---=-

    farst aete.rm '",e ftv2. v"ktme e~ ec.c.cLA -hl-1A.1c.


    lb) (~~~ :flt.'li )('l.l~Ot2)
    :: 10,t--;' f+3

    To .fJYul the.llY1c4.f pressure)


    V ~

    ~'A R T.~

    It

    \/s

    Tk.u.sJ

    =
    t1

    (l
    P,,,
    (
    (ISC(S)
    2.)

    (so \b.f.lill\,'L)1'4&t i~'Lll f..(.'Z.f

    (1 0 0 ) _

    2.8."

    ( SO) , \ ~"t / 1

    f -

    t: #te. .A ill a.(

    _~RTz.

    P-z. -( ~ t Ve) -

    iI--L3

    J'3. 3 3 .,.,..

    5 fa;f<l.

    (~)( ~~;,;~( 52.0)


    (10.6(,

    + 13.33) f ''44//&f=

    ;2 '/.07

    Jl.f/'kl..c

    ---J...::

    fRC<3l,EM, '3, 101

    kNOWN ~

    A g<:LS 'l~ c.on+c.t.\\I\t&d. ,"", <A.. closeJ. ('\9 i d. +().~k +itteJ. Wl~ ~~
    e.leC:tYk. ('esl~o(". Tke. COr'lS'~~t <.Uyy~~t ~~J. v~l+.CJ<l. o..\t\J. ~e
    COV\S~"'~

    4v'O..V\s~

    lA.e.o..+

    ~t~ Q.~ ~V\.own,

    f \ t-Jb ~

    '])ete'nY\ \'",e. ~~ o..v~~Q. v-'\lAe

    SCl+EMnc.

    s~eelfl.c. keo:t Cp.

    &-t

    Gr\VEtV DA-TA-:

    ~=2..k..s

    -;;
    ASSVM PTIONS : (\) T~e 3~ lS e, c\oseA
    s~s+eW\. (2.) "The.
    beh'\ves o..s Q.\'\
    ia'e.o.l
    (3) Klnehe, o..~ck poreV\-\-i a.\

    ~~S

    "ClS

    8G.S.

    wi~

    l I

    ~U

    .I

    o AK4.0

    I '2. \'~fs

    At .:: 10

    Q. :. -

    To &fl.1e,Y"'rtl l'nC2. tkq" ~~cl+ic.

    ~V\e. r3~ e ~~ec+S ~V'e. V1e3 1'13 I hie.

    ANA-LVS\S ~
    ba..l<t\l\ce

    .M. z..g
    -r AT= ltD.3c a.lIO,3K

    he.e:tt

    20

    Y\'\\V\

    =bOO S

    be ~ \~ t.o'lil... -\- Jle e ~ rgij

    6)<e. + 7E + A1.J .:: &-w


    -:: M c., AT ~ Yh ( Cp - ji:) ~T
    Q.-W

    Cp=

    +R

    VY\AT

    ~M) evo.tu.o..:\e. -+\\e. he~+ +ro,V\s-kf" ~W!


    Q

    \.00(""'-)

    .,esrQ.c-hiv~.\~

    = JtZ.Q,dt = Q At ~(-'2.0W)(foOOS)I\~'"J'lsl
    e,

    I 2..

    -:. -

    \0 W

    \C:::r

    W ': Si"'Wc:it ~W/)t:


    i.,

    ': - (to o."'"f) ( 12. volts)

    Ii

    wi o..~1
    , 'Volt

    (bOlt) s)

    1 k7S/S
    I03 W

    -:. - 12.. kJ"

    c. ':.

    (- \2.

    \c.:It- (-12. \c.::r)

    ('2.~) (40.3

    .:: 1.041

    ~'"J'/b,K.

    '--;)

    k'>
    '4~-----------------'l.-..

    ~NOUlN:

    ~ C.O-r-uJ~c:l f.,Olo1A.~ rp#w.6/'ieJ 'K.4.h'....,( &'~ ""'"


    r--ous.s
    PU',.1..c:.e>""~1'\ 1. T"'-a (.....)(,.. 11: pe,.. v~, ~Sf &-0 .... /fo Ie. ""'-O~.
    0.....,.""""...... +e-. -+C-,~r,,~, ~ ~;. +ko.. fi",-t,. &'~ ~",o:l +""-t ~
    pC(" u -...;:f- ~s, .
    (02. Cj4J

    Q.

    ~ t..v"""'th.

    FINC:

    -tr~l'\~.rr

    sCk}eMA-nc

    &l'leN DMA:
    W/h-\ -:. - L( 5 Bfu..!J,b

    T. ::. 530"R

    i.=~/,S:;"-~1

    vz.
    'tJ. :: S f cJ. v

    [~~~:~IE--

    wn

    II

    Ihe 9Cc..S IS

    0..

    //1/111/

    P 17"7.:: <:..onSfCA.ht
    4S1lJMertDN5: (I)

    11,

    1;

    -xr
    closed .s';fSre~.(2) ~e. CA~O),\ dio4:ide

    bekaves a.s a.., idea! 8"s.(3) The froce~ is pU';CD~.d. (4) k'nefLG
    tlY\cl ~otentia.l eneY*f/Y effects aye VJe.jIi31"""~.

    A"{Ak'f Sl 5 ~ ~he. heat fyct.11S,.+ev-I'.s def-ermlI>1e.<LuSlH'I A'1 eJllet"'~


    FI rstJ +l-\e -An 0- 1 -JeMper4ftt(( v; ~lMd us,""" W =~pdV ~ ~ ~,...., of

    ':!l.
    ,

    1-

    ')I\,

    +or 7"2-

    ).:t:!..
    Y\1

    - ( ' - Y\

    "

    Toz.. -

    = (J -

    +TI

    (Lt 5 B~)

    '>

    f 1..
    rlSLfS ~~.l\'t\ ~c; 'f. 0 J \ b. R.' )

    -::t.

    Now J

    e~. 3.57;

    = R (T& - T; )

    h1

    SO(Vli1~

    'a{411\ Ce .

    1b

    B~

    -4- 530

    Ii.

    7 z q. 5 oR.

    'l""'I,4Q------------

    +l1e eV\e!"'9~ b"(~KCe


    . 0

    71 g .f-t-. (bf

    is

    ()

    A/E+-~ErAU- =-Q-~
    or

    .-L

    \'\-\ ::(u~-u..() 11

    From Ta.b/ e A.. 2'3E )

    40

    W
    W\

    U 1 =2~IfD.1

    IVlser-hV\j va(CA.~s
    ~:: T3'i'f.O-Z-,,(p.1
    Yl'\

    -, ,.0
    LJU

    eht/ lb mol

    (_Ll)

    +..,S

    :: - II. Lf 2 8fu-/ l b ~~

    ----=--.;..",,:.

    1;

    t:.No..u,v: A :illS ;$ COl"\.f;",ec! -h:> o"'e s,'d~


    ~ ("~"d) itl\S'l.C.la.+ed
    COV\"(~.illte"" d;vicL.cL I:> ':J. A. PIV/,j,-OV\. TI- ot-&...v- r"~ v,; ; """,,'ft' A HI:'
    &1I"cv~cL ~ pvh"~'""," ~ ~ ~\Jec:l Q.~d -f-1...,. j ~s ~(> A.V\J J ~ .fi (/
    ~ eV\~Y'e c..o"",~llI\e......

    ----

    ()~ h...- ~

    FI/oJ 0:

    SCft'tMA'ttC 8.(;.IIICAJ

    ft- -h f'\....q pr-essv. re .


    o!t 11'\ :

    y- i.u ... ~ -h,'


    _---4!...~=-=:-:--=t""!F-:l:--=",="""""_=""",,=_,,,,_=---_"'::::-~.
    ,
    l

    0 ""

    I,

    ;~h'Atly
    ~ v'AC'V v,,-feel

    p, ~ ~. bt>.,..
    "t'\ -:.S 00 \<.
    Vi ~ O. ~ VtAl

    V"L =O.S

    1/

    '&

    W'\

    ASSUMP7{ON,,',

    T"'-.. c...Lo$~cl

    I.

    ~c""'"",,~h'c.. 2., T~ jAJ


    (St::.'W:.o) 40'\<cl ~ilt~.ftc

    A~A\-'(SlS:

    r. \Ii ':

    'P1. 't ~

    : /'

    ~.rk"", ~

    A.4skocl II'~~ o",i-v....... ~~~


    "cU.~ j4$, 3, fDr+A.A FCQS:~
    f<>~01-h~ <I'\U"'J'7 c.k..".lI'Ijf!"J o.r n~jl.~;6Ie,

    ~~s
    CA",f/

    ~ku<.u"" b~

    A"'t

    ApplO'~ ~ ;~ jA.S
    y"\.

    1M

    ~ T,

    PI.' 4 ':. Tz..

    <,

    ~ 'T~

    e.,

    'P

    0",

    l1'W\

    c'f

    ~ P'l. ~ p, [T"too] [~J

    v:...

    T\

    ' L

    Tt- ~..,.-t +e""'1'~"tA.~ ~ ~vl'~ecl,

    s~

    I4rto'(fV\j

    alA

    e.IMu"'7 loA.lt.l,'1<...tt.

    ~ ~rE +A U=;zi -;xl -='/ ~Lr::. 0


    'S 111\ Cot.
    ~1I\e.}

    ......-\.av ov.-l

    T'l.. -:: 1;,

    57

    Q lAQ.....

    of

    a.",

    ~5

    1'.."

    (~bo.r)[1][g:~

    '4.$

    c:l-e fH"" d s

    ::1"- ~ bo....

    O"V\

    it ~~ .....fe.t v ~

    """ll!~~.

    -------

    KNOw"! ~ Air .flow.s +~Y'ouqh o, 'J~\ve -tYom


    vef'+\'c,d (-'\stoY\ - ~l\\t\tAe(" {A$se.MIo\~,
    ~I Nll ~

    d h c?A -t

    St\:t-EMA-T\C

    A u\VtN

    m,-!;:=. 3 K9
    Pit:: see ~PtA.
    T :=. 2,<10K

    iv\"w

    c;

    co or-K,

    DATa',

    +a.~k

    -- --

    '(i~\a +a.Y\k

    tk -\-o-ta.\ amo\A.Y\t o~ .eV\e"9'j 1Yn.Y\ster 'o~

    ])e+e.!("Y'Y\\~e
    0.1'\

    (A

    'PC.. :to 200 kP~


    T<'. =. zq 0 k
    ViC. ~ o.osm 3

    AIR

    AIR.

    ASSUMPTioNS :(1) The. a.ir i", +~ +,,~k Al'\~ "'d It'Ji\k,.- is o: cLosed ~CJs+em,
    (2..) The Q.lr beV\a.ve.s C\S G\Y\ (de.al ~(A.S, \.3) ,.It\~ p('eSSu.fe. \\1\ The ''1li\h&er

    c.o"sta.v\.t. (L\-) \<\V\e-\-iG Q,Y'G.l, fore.V\t\G\l e'r\erg':1 eHec.ts Gl('~


    of. t~ ~\.r \S C.O)\S~~t,
    ANA-L'ISlf." TOok., ~'l +he C\.'"... \V\ oot-'-' tl.te.. to..n \c. t\. M +~e. c..~ li\i,(}.e.r
    os tk~ ~'jste,VV\.) t\4\e eY\ev-g\j Ioc.c.lcuo\ce ioS
    Y'e.'MCt.\V\S

    "Y\e~n~\\o\e-.lS) 1'~e. +e-~pe.\"'().tuV'e

    -ryE.. +-p

    0 0 0

    ~ Q-W
    ~ wheV'"e +he c..""~h~e \\1\ \Y\te,<,V\C,l\ eV\er9~ is 2.e'('o bectUlse. +lAe -t-eY\\p"
    ev-cd'u,fe is c.oY\sta.~-e.. -rku.s
    (S): vv

    Q:W

    Us 1V\.9

    w = J'it d V ) w i +~
    Q

    (j)

    =.

    m"C. =

    Ie.

    GoY\St(A.~t

    Pvaess l.'-V-e f

    c:

    Pc;. (V V, )
    7. -

    Now ~ wi -l-k +he. ideo..\

    Pc. V, Co

    ::

    .3CtS

    Mode \

    (J-oo k'P,,) CD.OS m 1 ~


    (Q.31l.

    ;lB.:t1

    J=:L \(2.'joK)

    -s K)

    V1 -- V ,<'. + V -l::. ::. Vi c + ~'-t:. RTt: -- 0 ,v"'5

    I 8~\'t :\

    t-

    (3)~:l.8,:t,J
    (Z.cto> _ 0 S4a 3
    (
    -.
    -, ~

    f\-t:
    ,500)
    - ('M-\ot)~T"Z. _ (3+0,\2.) (~8~;j)(2.'lO)
    V'2. -r
    1."2.crB
    '2.

    F\'V\a.\\.~

    (2.00)

    3
    11C
    1'J 1M 11.
    'c.~ 1 :
    Q. :: (:U)O \c.P,,) (\. 'Z.~ 8 - 0 .SLtc\) -rl
    3
    1 k.P~
    \0 NfW\

    I.

    ll+'l.B \c.T

    Q.

    lIt......_

    The A.p'p\ \c..C\b'( \ it\j 0+ +\,e )d.,QO:\ 36.S mode.\ c.Q.Y\ be.. veritie<:t

    bj l"ete.v-r\V\<j TO t\t\e. c:.ofY\~('e$s\\,)\h+5 c~rt,

    PRO(3USM

    3.I05~

    kNow",,:

    Ni+rC'qeIl11~s "'-k(}.-e.r'l>1l.S

    D-

    poICj+r-opic. expaJ,1.'l~ JVt

    0...

    pl"jton- cftl,l.-tder

    tl.S;sri!mb't1.
    ~:

    ]ekymlYle #.e t1ea.f -fnr.vasf!er us 1!II<j CttJ unsfa,nt 6('ciftc heat


    e'la.lutdeG( od: 3t:>01<.~ <b) ClJlf-s1twrk ~'fic. hed eva.l.uaJed evf 700 K ) QM.C;(
    (e ) n i+r~eV\ tahles.
    p
    SCMEMftTIL. ,. (;;-lVN D+7A ~
    )VI :: \

    kg

    7;=700 I<.

    F; = S ba.r,
    P2. =2. Cay
    , 1J"

    is a.. clesed S'dslem. (2) The nifrc3eV\ bek4v~s


    poICd""'cpic. J with h ='.3. t J /<inefic. M\d. pofet1tlixl

    AS5VMf'TIDN5 : (11 The nifr0gen


    tLS do.., ;c(ea.1 3tU. (3) 1he ~g is
    eVle('~<j e~ee"t.s ce.r-e. l1e~ l;cirb1e..

    A/'J1JrL,YSlS:

    FIrst J the work. is evtAJ~ 10r' -Hte. pol<J~ic. proce$.S. W ifh

    dssumpteD~ (.2

    1: '2. -

    0Mc1

    Elfs. 3.5" C1h\c.( 3.51 P~

    (Pit
    )\~'l
    (2) C' ~.3)(7001<;) ::
    P,
    I,:: 5

    W::

    h\ R (T~-T,)
    \-V\

    ::

    QI<~) (Q.31'i
    2-8.0"

    S~ ~.IJ 1<

    kT )

    ~ (5"lo.6>-100)'< _

    (,-\.3)

    132/c.'J

    To de+e.r"ml~e. +ke kea.:f- ..J.raMs.f!e r J use. (MIl eYle~~ bttlaMce

    o+~+

    AU :::.Q-W

    "'h1 {L( '1. -(..(..

    Q :.

    ::.

    Q. - \IV

    (A) From Ta.hIeA-).o art

    30ol<~

    Q :: .-n'v- (T&-T,
    = (J k.,)(D.1C(3
    52.88

    '=-

    Yh lu.""L-l.lc ) T

    Q~

    ~::.;...,:

    teo;)......

    - l~,)
    tn

    tv- :: f) ./~ OJ "~I k,' f<. Tk\.tS

    700)

    + (132) :.

    2.5.1S'

    ,1c.J:'<IIIilI.r-'__--~=--.

    u.. ~", Tala/. A-23

    ti12~11.\) of- ~

    "M

    _(

    Thus

    Jc.j'IIC<IJl<')( 5h6.("-"700)1( .,.. ( 132.lc.r)

    (Q. = (I) ( e, to I ) (SiP"


    U.s'~9 va./(,(es 40.;-

    a.C,-Z4l3 kJ"/I<~I<.

    +W

    (b) F('~~ T~IoI4! A-zo t 7coo k


    (C)

    (!tJ"

    '; ~1. '" 5

    tI ,8 s 0

    - 14 ,1 8 et ) k :r/ " MO\

    (2B.ol kj/k.mcl)

    -+

    l'3:Lk.r

    Ic:.:rollfi<-----------------~~

    PRO(3u=t"1 3.ID"
    KNOWN:

    Air u.VltJ.er8oe~ (1'-' ()(.dialoa:/-ic.. U>Yt1Pr'~ss ,01-\ -tol/ow~ b!J Ct>rn'l-oMt


    ~rhe Ct)()l, i15'

    FIND:

    De.feV"MIV\(l f(,..e. work fo~f"'e. t-trst prl>C~S M\c! -Ike hea.f +rQ.Yls.p~".-/br
    tke. 5eCo1\& ene J u.s 'i1~ (a) a..ir table d.a.'fa. prJ) CD'rtJffAMt ~ctfic. need's.

    SCW&4ATI(

    rlVEkJ DA-rA:

    fr"ocess '-;2.: ~d.iG\foGl+lc.

    - -I

    F; =, bW) Tj =3001<
    Pz. = I S ,,~V" I v;. :: .122 7 ~l/J..,
    lprocess Z-3: Curts~1IOlunce.

    Air

    13 =8001<

    "'lJ

    A.sSUf\\PTION.s~ (I) Th~ tlir ;'s a de:>sed ~skm .(2) There ($ no hea.+ ~s.fer ~ ft\e.
    ~vst pr~$s DJ\'\J. V\o work. -k>(' +t,..~ sec.oY\4. ~e (3) TL,e. tA.~r ~el14ves as Q.IA
    idea.l aas. ('iJ I<lhef(c. OMA p>f-elo1.fta..( e.\I\~~ e#ec.ts are. ne~(i9ij, Ie.
    ANAtV51~: FIrst, Llsli-t.j

    T..

    the

    'uJe.a,( 3~S' ~l /).~+i~

    ={l5 DAr )(.12'2'1 Y\'I)/Ic.:

    pz.V"'Z,

    (0.)

    8.'1'1 k'S)

    2.8'7
    e,

    '-.-

    ef sta:k~. 10 de.ferm;~e

    ''3 .\<.

    N'Yhil ' L:J"


    I
    N'~

    lOS

    !,a,r"

    )0

    '2-

    roq.1. 3 k

    US'~B +k~ erte,,~ bl.{a,/;\le -!or"etJ.CfA froce~s

    Proce~s

    A)'l ~ t

    1- 2.:

    'Y\'\ (v.). -u ,)

    WI
    '2.
    ~ :. u

    Frol'Yl T410le A-22)


    Pf'oces'S

    1..l c

    :.

    :. pC..,.

    WI '3.

    -<.-(,'2.

    2.IY,07k~/'" Mtcl" IVakY'pG)/ttf,~

    'U'2. ~ ""b. 5 ~J{~. lk.u.s

    ~z.. :. 2ll(.Oi-4l?tl.S -:. - ~5~,lf teJ{~~


    ~o+ y~ -to Mllot ~ -f.( l.) :. Q ~") - ~;

    z- '3:

    Q z.3

    StV\c.e T3 = 1";
    (b) Assl,c.m;~

    0..

    Wi"'~

    _..,.
    -

    "
    J"o~ - ""~

    U):. Lt, ~J.. . QZJ/Y'r\

    =W''l.JYY\ :. - 252."1

    k:rl~..

    Q1,3/tw.

    e..crY\s~i ~ ~ "r

    l '2.
    W
    c
    ~ :. f\T' T,-T-z.)

    From T alate A- 2.0 ) tA..t

    300K.I

    4r:: 0.118 ~J" {Ie,; I( . rlu.s

    W~2. =(O.1lB ~-s/ ~~)(3eO-b4'. 3) k


    -: -~'15 k'J'Il~4-E---------

    ~
    ""

    :.

    ~7.
    V\-\

    ::.-).\{S

    k.4/f,..-~<
    "":)

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    'PRoELeM 3. IOt
    tr:~owN .~

    A s:ys~wt

    0-/

    cOMu'h'.."

    ~:

    .f~~ec.

    Sk"ec~ +~

    .4f,f-t'c.\('V\ty
    SC~"t MA'TIC.

    CD'"

    r,'s},''''3 cr{ 2

    co,

    of

    k"

    vV\uel"',o"C'J

    0..

    p0<uer

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    P("ous~s.

    """Cl... r- v

    c."(cle

    P~/Pt

    vel"(t.4.,t

    cl..<..Cl\.~~a.M..) o.",,~

    ra."'5'~'

    g G 111~ 1>t'lil'f-:

    fv~ IOS To

    p[o+f k

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    ASS"MP7tONS:

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    CA~c:l

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    ~ff<.c.fJ A"~

    PA,Ousr

    po~""h~ e",el""y

    Al'.)AL.'(S\ ~:

    e-f-h'~of."'Ci

    gE"~'/'1 I?~ de v~l(jplr'\' ~


    ...0

    "olulM~"';

    $Il\.. c....

    sys+elNt. 2. T'- Cc>, b~ ka I/'4<l o.q


    ru-"Z~ c.D""S~",t 'f. K'I'\eh'c.
    c:U~e-t'1 ~ ci

    cR.~~d

    e'l~SSfo""s ci"rc,o."bj"'j ~

    t<.e:J

    '\,.= ~et/(S;)i",,\

    ,,'lIeJ'\ ~'q

    til'"

    Wll.. 0::. 0 ,

    c..oV\stal"\-\

    f\t'111~1 ble.

    1J3

    \'\1\ ( P3

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    .,.,'"

    e "e "''1

    PAOUSC 1- L :

    f"'Oun

    ~-ll

    ~"'''ss. 1-1 t

    ~tI\c1.

    w,''''",-

    eycJ., Tile tAe.r"",...t

    wkete WV\e+= 'N1L~\N'l.1+ "'-''11.


    '2.-:3
    ~ ...d l>~oe-~ IS '1- I

    prDe.pSS
    :::

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    1- II')

    A9p1't'.-.,

    '

    ~ l T'l- T1..)
    1- '"

    b A.l ,,"'Cot.:
    0

    -=.

    (D'L- fL

    (S) 1'2.. ::

    "'" (tAl.

    "" l 4.') -l.(d ~

    (q 1.1 _ lu1.l

    CQ~l :.

    "",l

    ~ (1.\1- ~1 ) ~

    (Q"31 - u",!1

    =:)

    Coli -:.

    "" (tAl -

    ~(l(1.-I.(,)

    -u I)

    ('~)

    ~3-t.cL) ~ W'2..3

    <.+)
    tS')

    4l ) of. W l 1

    {)~c..H S' 2-3 (P3: P, )


    (t\-tJ/1II
    B. t""-l)/"'t
    ]). ~ (fL'\
    ~ Tl ~ T1.. (
    Tz. \.:.'Pi.)

    'E'l,'l.S<O

    pJ

    SAMPLe:- CALCc.(L.Ai/O,,",: P,,/P,:: 4


    -rf 'Pa/P, ': 4.) E1' (~) l'i~

    T'l ':. Q'1OO~)(


    E,,\>'l)

    f"-" ~ ~
    I

    \Nz,"3 ':.

    (Z.

    Il. ':. 4

    .'15/1,2.8

    *)

    \4~) (8. ~t 'I

    (~oo) -: [,DU < } o.t'\d

    e,.

    ( )
    'f

    = ~iE> I<-

    "'J) (~8~ -1200) "-

    "'\'1.0\ I':\'fo(

    l-l,z.8

    +23,1 t=:-.J

    ~~

    PROI3LE;l'1 .3.10'
    E~ . ( 2.)

    q Liles.
    W
    'it

    w~ ~o..

    (CoVltd.)

    =(2~)(B.314 Ic:.~

    '-t ~.l) I kj .1<.

    frcM'\

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    2.

    \(300-89h)

    Tctble. "'-2.3; ~.(3) <f\ves


    k.g

    ~,'1-.01 lc.:r/~~61

    k;: -l,2/.41c:r
    -

    )(~3g7(-(Ptl3q) ~, = l("78.31<j
    kMlf

    Et c4) 'J,ve.s

    a.. ~., = L~4.01


    /2:- )(2.q)Z.'l8-lf3J~71)+423.1

    Ef'(S) ~Ives
    If)

    l.X31

    '::

    (-3.)( 6<73Cf-Z'J'Z..'iB)
    '-1'1.01

    - 22/.4

    =
    =
    =
    =

    T1 300 11K
    p1 1 II bar
    m 2 /I kg
    M 44.01 /I kg/kmol
    R 8.3141 M

    :. - 2.38.b /c.J"

    = -1~3i.S

    Ic.S

    IT Results C!":::4)

    o, =1678 kJ
    =
    =
    =
    =

    T2 1200 K
    T3 886.1 K
    W23 423.6 kJ
    W31 -221.4 kJ
    1] = 0.1205

    W23 = m*R*(T3 - T2) 1(1-1.28)


    W31 = m*R*(T1 - T3)
    m*(u2 - u1) = 012
    Wcycle W23 + W31
    eta = Wcycle I 012
    p2 I p1 T2 I T1
    p2 r * p1

    =
    r =4

    p3 = p1
    T31 T2 = (p31 p2)"((1.28-1) 11.28)
    u1 u_T("C02", T1)
    u2 = u_T("C02", T2)
    u3 = u_T("C02", T3)

    0.14 - r - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.12
    >.

    0.1

    in

    0.08

    Iii

    0.06

    c:
    Q)
    '0

    E
    Q)

    .J::

    I-

    , " Using the Explore button, sweep r from


    1.05 to 4 in steps of 0.01.

    0.04
    0.02

    '*/
    1.5

    2.5

    p2/p1

    3.5

    przD(3~GM

    3./oB

    KNOWN: A,"" t.,utdergoes-

    0..

    power"' l.jcle

    c.el'l'i.s+'~j

    of +fAree.

    proc.e~,es.

    FIND: S"e~k. flhe ~ete &v\~ p.,,-tJ..iAtfrtllM C\"'-tA J.~+eYM\i.\e (~) fl.\e. r.~~su. ...e

    2} (b) thct te.~per~+tA.re ~t &~ 3> (J..M.d. (c.) the tke.n"cd eH-icj'E:~c~.

    a-t s'ttlfe

    SCM-EMMIe. t <pI VEtJ DA-Tft ~ The followil'\5 ~

    &lYe.

    .-fo.r

    ~\v~V\

    elA.c.iA ,-rocecs ~

    Proc.e~s 1-'2. ~ tot\S~+ vO\t..\.\Me +rorvt p,-:: 2.0 'b~'l "'\


    T,::. 500. +0 T-z.::' 6201<
    'P('o~~s 2-~. acM4 ~odic. e1< f'AY\'l fIV\ ok> \i = ,. ~ 'lT2"
    3

    I fb

    'frocess '3-1 ~ [C1Y\s..J.c:tU.t-f~~~u.Ye c..o~'('esslD~,

    ~MPTIO'JS: (I) The. C\~r

    ..

    is ~e closeJ .s~de.l'1A.('2.) Tk~ o.W-- '- - - --'

    b~l\tt"e~ e.s ~\A lc.leGv\ 'JAS .(.3) K\~e+lC.(l~f ote\A:FIQ.( e~e.\Ii'j

    ANA=L'lSlS ~

    (a.) Fa,.. prDce.ss 1-2 > +k4l."D(l,l~e. I'S


    Co'YtStcu,d:- i W s ) U.S\lAj -H,,,e i'e\eAl 9as e1~f~

    P,V :\)th ~ T, \ ~ _P, _ T.


    p-z. V ='{V\

    ~ T"to

    P,- - ~

    ot ~

    "

    effec:fs' Cl~ ne..,lecAeJ..

    ~ r:z = 7i
    Th.'p,I
    e,

    9z.0 (20 l.!t)


    .500
    1",~

    =328 ~

    (h)

    A~Ol.tll\

    ,l,l,S\

    ~~ +Wl. \4~ Q.1\A.~+Lqy.. e+-

    '5=Il.f::'MRT~/f~_
    T
    3 f
    ~
    .
    I
    . .1:
    't..
    ' M ) e, Y2.
    T"Z. 1'3
    T~ T 3
    (t'.)

    7he.

    :: (1.'1)

    C:2~e,)CR20)

    +!.-t.e,("Mal ~tf.ic.ieIl1CAj is

    Pt"oc~ss 1-2:

    r"".~

    s-h;,..+e.'---

    .:)

    --fl)~
    J) -J.Lf
    _. T2,. -t==
    r;

    P3 .::p.

    (J,1I) - Tz..
    P2,.

    =100 I( ......- - - - - - - - - - ' 3


    D

    't .= WUJde./ QilA.

    AV\O.l~2.e. e&c.e~ p'i'oce:u \1-\ ~rV\.

    (.(n\S+. vOl\A.VI'\e ~ w.; ':0 .

    . e~~~ BcMaMc.e: A)' t.A~-tA'U =-&\'2.-~'2. ~ 6l\"Z. :: 'M (U 1. -u .)


    \,.h+"'- ct4.t-&\ frOM \Abl-e A- 2.2.
    Q\'2.':

    (I \.6)(

    Il{O.'il- 65.20)e.JuJlb

    pro,~S's 2-}: A-cll4:lbwf-L"c- ~

    = 55.2.1

    Btu..

    \o/t(u.~ ... U.'Z.) -=- ~'2.~-W'Z.3

    W'l.; ::. - W\ tlA } -U-z.) ::. - (I \b) ( 11'1.'58 - I 'to. '(i) ~tu/\b = 20,BQ BkA
    PrOC($S 3-(:

    r =~.J.aM.+.

    Us,~ ~. 2.1"

    V;:= SV,fJ..V:'

    r (",..

    ->3)::.)\It

    ~ (T;-T3)

    #'I"~ 118M I "3


    W31,= {, J lb )('~'fS\
    2.S.'t,-J lb.4tR "S.f+.lb,f (500-100)(2. ~ -/'3.11 ~\.<A
    EV\e~ 'j baAc:cM.ce : V\'l (t.tj\A!S ) ::. Q).- W" ~ Q3\:' Y\-tLlA, -U:s) ... W3 t
    Q~\:. U 1),)( 85.20- 111.58) 8~/lb +(-/3,71 BkA\ ::. -'i8.oCJ 6kA.
    1kus

    W~c.l-e =~:+w'Z.~ + W 3 , ~
    Q,~

    Ft "'Gllt'j

    ':10.

    Q \ '2-

    ::.

    55.'2 i

    VL ~ W"d d)/Q i... '"

    2.0,81

    + (-/3.-71)::' 7./8 t5.ue.

    f>4-u.
    t. /8/5 5.7-, :: D. 12'1'1 (12.'1'1 %

    \ .
    ... -

    l-\.

    (a.)

    Fo'f

    Q.V\

    e t-kcfs

    ct~~a.loa.f-\c. proc.css ",i~'" t\e31\~'iIo\e


    k.i"Io\eHc. a."",et rote~:H4( ~V\erg~

    of

    "Eo +y~ + AU ~ p.~W

    S\~ce. t~e. S(>e.c..I~C. ~ecds

    W :

    ')v\ C-\.r (

    ()")\AsiY\~ E.~ 3.\tib

    a.re c.~~hw..t

    T\- T'2, )
    1

    W -::. """ B (TJ,


    \ -k

    C\,T '::.
    - II)

    R/(k-\),

    So

    .....
    ~r-----------------~

    \'0) Fo'f" ~ po\~ +r0r\c. PyoceSS


    W ~

    fVIV

    'I.

    pdV:.

    IV\ttocl\,LC\"3 ?'I ::.

    W -:

    'VV\

    'M

    7-

    v,

    Cortsr cJ. V ::.

    v-

    Rl ~\A.J. l e.th V\j

    Y\

    be

    +~ :SptlC.'lt-tC. ~~t

    v-a.+i:o k

    R (,2. - T I )
    \- k

    1h't~ y-(~lll-t is ldeV\t\c.~\ 10 tlAe v-esutt of ~o.rt(o.). Tbs J -fov- o..v..


    ideo-t ~o.~ W\tlA. c.o~+o.u.* speclfic. l-tecds) tu.e fO\~""Of\c. VY'oce~s

    py k::.

    (Jt:)"~t~\l:t c.o\'Ye'ro~d-S

    -to

    a.'A ~l~loa.t\.c. pv-oc.ess,

    ..a

    ( ~)

    P~08'6M 3.110

    I~NDWIJ: A lr- ~tJ.eV'~Des ~ pol'1}ropi" pr()ce~s

    Btve

    1ressure .

    -1-1 iAltl

    ~: Plo+ fl.te.

    frDWt '4. krto()))1 .;,..'it,"a.( sfetle -10

    (4

    ~ V\ ~ l.iD . ..I'H.veJ/,,,<k +H
    IllS
    error IIIl l1eCtf 1m W ilAfrodtc.ceel b!:J ~S'(A.Vl1Ii.\j e..t:rfl.Sfa..td tcr e-va.1 u~feel

    a-t~,

    heaT- -fyu",stey- (AM.e1 wIJrlr-fo,. 1.0

    l'

    (iO/eN J>A:T_,':

    .5Cr.feM4:rIC

    , Air
    I

    I
    I
    I

    I
    -

    =z

    ~ = IIf.7 lh+l, i,4.~


    T.:. 7()t>F
    I

    Ir'2.

    f.,.. ::: 100 't:rrh "1.

    P 1)" h:: C41t.SI-a.H.t-

    -_I

    ..

    \. L-....

    'U""

    o.,-r is a. closed stsklM. (2) 7he.1!"O~ I.S f'0'"QTTC~f.\c..


    its (4'" lcl~&J ~M .(tt) N~fjJeef k.,lI\eHG a.tut ~+lA.{ el.1ev1~ efk.c;k.
    3~ 11;\ b~ +l.XIa-tj .sfrJk 2. 'FrDt'VI fLee f()l.t1ff~ric. a''f'oc.e.ss rela.h<n-t
    -tr 11 _
    1>1 ~
    _ (p. /
    ,1~

    AsSUMpt'ONS :(') Tne


    (3) The C\'i,r .be~ve,

    p,.

    'P'Z,trz.

    -:> '1.rz. -

    P'2.)

    "",

    W'I{~ '1rl ':: ~T,/ F; ) Q. ~et. T 2.:: poz. 1J2.,. / fi!-) Stede. 2. is d.e.+eYV\'\Il.te~
    '\fAAUe o-.f- Y\. Twese ~)(pr~s,\.o~ 4re e v(;tlw~.:\e.et ~;~ IT illS follows ~

    Tku s

    p1 = 14.7 /llbf/in. 2
    T1 = 70 /I of
    p2 100 Illbf/in. 2
    m =1 /lIb
    n =1.6

    IT Results (Vl =-1. "')

    p1 * v1 An =p2 * v2 An
    v1 =v_TP("Air",T1,p1)
    v2 v_TP("Air",T2,p2)

    T2 =627.4 of
    v1 =13.34 fP/lb
    v2 =4.026 ft3/1b

    The wOY'k. l~

    8\1 A. lult

    f(J us,~ S~.

    W :: JV2,pet V =
    ~

    Or, Q s

    ~xr'('esseJ.

    WI

    .r; .t:l~ ~. 3. SLf


    tr~pchr = l'\1 ( pz 'tJ'-z.-"P, Vi )
    2

    ~ J

    (J-~)

    usi Ni IT

    W/m =( (p2 * v2 - p1 * v1) 1 (1 - n)) * (144/778)

    /I Btullb

    Tot-fiA& QJu-se +~ee,l1eYl5~ ~(.A.la~ce: ~ye.+A~+AU=::.Q-W. Or


    Wi

    A l.L

    Me:+\AuJ \
    To ev&<luede.

    ::

    .llu.)

    Q...-W

    use kfc.,..fro""", Tabf.e A-2.2.

    Au.,,:: U.CTz.) - u..CT, )

    From IT:
    m * delta_u_1 = 0_1 - W
    u1 = u_T("Air", T1)
    u2 = u_T("Air", T2)
    delta_u_1 = u2 - u1

    3-'11

    for d~

    Me#tod Z.

    AVl a.,k,rYl~:I-,ve.. rne.tkod fo ~VtJv.fA.+e. A u.. is -10 use. ~ ~auJ


    fron, 7().b1e 4 - 2.0 olet.erMii-t~ C&+ 7j =7oF. 7h"-T is
    ~u. = 4",. CT-z. -7, )

    Frot11

    ColT

    \!4we

    0.0/.

    7ht!..

    IT:
    m * delta_u_2 = Q_2 - W
    cv = cv_T(IAir", T1)
    delta_u_2 = cv * (T2 - T1)

    NowJ solviJA:J

    ,,lIes

    W = -63.68 Btu
    u1 =90.38 Btullb
    u2 = 188.3 Btu/lb
    delta_u_1 97.88 Btu
    Q_1 =34.19 Btu

    cv =0.1711 Btu/lboR
    delta_u_2 =95.38 Btu
    Q_2 = 31.7 Btu

    (j) USI'~ -I-tte E~plore bu:ttf)lwt.) sweep .-a -from


    ~ da.fci oh~l.1iJ. /pve tfAe fOllOfPIH9 ,rC(fhs:
    40

    l.lI ,;.. 6+e.fs

    of

    --r-------------~

    30

    20

    :::J
    ...-

    10

    ....

    .a
    ~
    a

    +0

    I.DO (

    -10

    If)

    -20
    -40
    Table Pr22 data
    -.-.. Constant specific heat data

    -60

    ~
    ...>.
    f2l
    Ql

    -30

    UJ

    -50

    -Q

    -80

    -4-W

    -70
    1.1

    1.2

    1.3

    1.4

    1.5

    1.6

    1.1

    1.2

    1.3

    1.4

    1.5

    1.6

    'forom ~~ ~rlph o-f G ~ W VS. """ We.. ~ SeL seve.rAl eU-ed"s:


    ~ ~ W he(.C'}'V\(2 e~&.\A1 ~s l'\ ~ I J sl~ce.fo.r Ii\::. I +"e telMper4lmr'e- i.-S
    ~S-JalAf, ()M..J. lA-eVlce /) (,,(. :: 0 .
    CR d1~~,
    ~l')IVt-' frOfV\ ~e~C(.4-vVe (J"ea.f O~+) +0 pDs,f(ve (hflA,t ;/1{ )
    tM-4l:>o1M-~:: I.~. W it" ne.~Q..J.~ve (w~V'lc."i",)ffl-fA,l(UlSes.
    WAMc.reucs C9J'\~ slitlkt1fj J w"e.re4S Q cl-tfA."'1e~ Sl11iti.fiC#.u~.

    s,,""

    Fvc)Ylf) -I1A.e ~r{l.l'h bf'

    so/u.holllS heco*e id~ a-d-jc.~{ AI.)


    ccemskJ-u.t +~~afuy~) 4~~ eil'ver:1e .sli,ktl~
    os J'\ ~/.". Fbr-- n =/.(,,) ~(2.
    fllV'celAto..je de.vu:'+(,O"l\ 1/1\ Q t.S 4,/:'otA:f 1.3 % ,
    Q

    I. B~ usi~ n ::., ,OO!;

    be

    lMQ.d.

    Wtl see. ~t -rk(l..

    "" . . ,

    we. fJo,voiJ. ;.-Lte e..a$e of ~:: { for whic4 ft. 3.5'1 CA~vtdf
    s I; qk+ dev iCl.fL",m -Fro"", l'\::" CCt-IAIflDf h.e. .s.ee1 ~

    /kJVJfH'(!'Y"J 1'Me

    -rk p'ois.
    (l.

    vs. lit

    3-q f{

    PRD8~e~

    3.1/1

    S-Ieam uwJ..eV"goes ~ pol'1/ropiG

    proc.~~s

    3a.s Model.

    I(NDWk):

    4'n>m a,k.III.OW)1 inifi4{ sfrtfe toe..

    -Ptv.Q.1 q'f'essure,
    ,
    .,
    FIND: pJo+ fl.1e 11(la,+~s.f.et'" pe;Y' uni+ V\I1IA.~s of .s+u.c..W\ for I.O~ V\ ~ I."'.
    IVLves+19ode ~ eV'V"'ov-- ,iA hQ.Q.++ro.hS~ il1.tr,,4LlC.~ "'::I tk.SHc,rt1il1fJ +k.Q..
    ZJ I\-I.e",

    i ().e.o,{

    Sc.U6M4-Tlc

    (j-/V~N p+p\=:

    :
    I

    :
    STeAM

    :_

    =:l

    _ _J

    --+--~--.--

    p, : 51\o1Pa. :. 50 ba..VT; -:. 280C


    r'L =20 IYJP&t ==ZOO~'"

    '2.DO 1,t:lV'"

    P"If!:: G()tl.8/:
    pJ'''=~sf:

    pV')II: CcJl1S-/a.".,t

    ASSUMpnotvS: (n The s+eaM is a. c.leJseJ. S~$+eWl.


    6.) 7l-1e proce~s is .. pol'd+r"p"G. (3)KIHetiG ~ ?oI-e...-hA.t
    elAergi;1 efteck a.re. h~ leCfe&.,

    Tne .totlow,V\j t"e,/c(:fttTns are 1J..;5ed -10 dekno)\i&.1e

    ANA-I..YS/S:

    -hrJMsfev" Q/ Yn :
    'F- rocess Y-~/4.+~:

    p, "u; \It

    W"rk..express\CM.. ( ~s,l,'7
    l,l1ert'oj btl.-l&4M.ce.:

    :.

    f~ 'tT2,.""

    f~e

    Lteec.+

    W = (p,&1J'z.-p, 1Ij)

    '-11\

    tU.u! 3.54):

    11J7 +tA7E+.A U =0. - W

    (<<'2,-(..(1) ~ 5i
    - \t!
    \IY\
    \IV'

    (,Jh~ u.,i ~ S+e.A.M .J-a~k.

    k-l-o.. (

    IT -AAVL~~S

    ()r

    Ta~J.e -4 -4):

    1',: 50 bar) 1; ::. 2. Bo c ~ 11; .) U. 1


    r~:: 200

    wift,..

    . r"
    Whe",

    J '1T'Z,.

    bet.-r o.M.-d

    (Z), 1F2-

    ((Mo1.

    b deJeKrvtl~uJ..

    U~) Tz.

    U.S i~

    +he. idetJ ~M V\lt,o-c.(e( (I T "l.f-z, 0" .ftAKC,~ or: T,,"I01~ A -23):


    ='5"0 ~t.tA") T. =-ZBooC ~ '1J;:' Rp~
    7; =- z.eO DC =:lb U C1; )
    W if{,.. 7z. =- 2..00 bcPr Q/l'\.tJ- (z.),) v;, CAM he J.-ek.v rn I i-J eel..

    . r.

    P.

    'l1:

    "Z..

    'Z.}

    Tz,.

    w.i.flA e.1:.rlA-er

    Df-

    -10

    $C' ve

    -for

    ==='>

    ...,.. -

    '2.-

    ~ "ZTz.

    UCTz.)

    +"'e~e. sdte~e.s J it is -fkell\


    W/ WI Mite.< Q / M. ,

    Tltae C()ff'eSrO~'VtJ t T e.-cnl.e is 9,vell1

    3 -'1'1

    cHt\

    'OSS'(

    bl-e --k> use

    -Jlke Jot.-e>cf f'~.

    (2)

    tJM.eI. (3)

    PR.06lA;~ 3./11

    (Ctrrt+d..)
    p1 = 50 II bar
    T1 = 280 /I C
    p2 = 200 ttcer
    m=1/1kg
    n = 1.6
    p1 * v1 An = p2 * v2 An
    WI m = ((p2 * v2 - p1 * v1) I (1 - n)) * 100
    m * (u2 - u1) = Q - W

    /I Using steam table data:

    /I Using the ideal gas model: "

    v1
    u1
    v2
    u2

    v1
    u1
    v2
    u2

    = v_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)


    = u_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    = v_PT('WaterISteam", p2, T2)
    = u_PT("WaterISteam", p2, T2)

    = v_TP("H20",T1 ,p1)
    = u_T("H20", T1)
    = v_TP("H20",T2,p2)
    = u_T("H20", T2)

    IT Results for n = 1.6


    quantity

    Q/m (kJ/kg)
    T 2 C)
    W/ml kJ/kQ)
    U1 (kJ/kg)
    U2 (kJ/kg)
    V1 (m 3/kq)
    V2 (m 3/kq)

    steam table
    data
    251.9
    583.7
    -240.8
    2645
    3138
    0.04224
    0.01766

    Ideal gas
    model
    320.8
    e52.1
    -291
    -1.319E4
    -1.257E4
    0.05104
    0.02135

    340

    :lhs c.u..s~ I 0V\

    240

    140
    ~
    ~

    40

    -60

    ....

    ~/ '1\1\ c ""-ell. ~f S si"\f\ I ~ 0) WIj' ..froM


    ~Q.~""i~e (ke4l.TetA.f) -10 fOSi'h~

    ('-'ea.+ i",) .

    1"~e. 5+~V\A +alole (j\J ,&elAJ ~(A.S


    SDJU.+Unu exlA~b;+
    S"A.~e..
    0erlet'~\ tre\Al1s. UOWe.v.....,) ~e.
    ",etlue.s
    GIV\f\ d.i.(:fe,r s ~ 1\',.f-

    ~J"" va.r\e~ S\5W\~\C."'lA.tt1 wi~'"

    tl,...e

    -160
    -

    -260

    .fer

    steam table data


    ideal gas model

    I CCL"'-tl!j l'~

    'SOMe ~e..~

    <>f V\

    -360
    1.1

    1.2

    1.3

    1.4

    1.5

    1.6

    +lI\e c~e 0-+ .., :::'I-for whicM (2) above. (.AV\(\of


    be.lL$eJ. !-/oweve,r, -t'ke sli,lvt- d-ev,'afio)\ froM V\=-l u.\.lAlI\O+ be see\A Ott ttAe.plof:

    1.l3~

    Us,'h'

    V\

    =-1,001) WL (AVOid

    3-100

    t\.

    CHAPTER FOUR
    CONTROL VOLUME
    ANALYSIS USING
    ENERGY

    ~8L.EM

    4,1

    ~NOI.UN: T/I-Q ",,4SS' .f<D1V rA+t'sin~


    I'"",'h~ ~s.r

    GtM:1 -t"'-

    I'S

    F/t-.J'D:(4\Plo; -f..... ;I\let Q.1'\,6 (!"'(it ""'-H

    ~~

    ~ ..f\1M~

    A~v"'1- 1~.tJ

    SCf.t~MI'\IIc..

    Wh~...

    hJ

    J"":

    +"/1\ t:.

    tlu

    r"A.-f<,s;

    VlU,,-t1 ~

    i.o

    +""- (",.-#<
    e.A.C'"

    -r+a .

    1=1'\.Ot..e.w\,1

    '1 C'-"j~

    I/fltl'ftAf

    ~JJ')
    filoHe.())cS'flM~t-e.
    of

    .....

    , . .-=

    I _ _lI\"lcvto)= SV~
    L::

    &..;.

    c ...e

    ~It.

    is

    T~

    \~~;.

    Al\d

    1 """e..
    _I

    100

    ICs/ft.

    -+"- scketk,.Hcj ~
    vntle r: e.ons.dq rio

    co",ivol

    t~,,-h.,,~~u..o
    b~\I\u

    n"""-#

    Vol"W\~

    \\A-AU-f-e..UI rA.~t tl'l~

    CVl(.,'t

    f-.tAlI'l'V\J

    OIl\C".

    p'/Nl,

    ~4::\00(I_eZ.i;) t:s/k. ) ~e"::'


    C""'\c

    dfe

    II

    ASS\JI\I\PTIOtJ~;D.)As SL...UI~

    TIM.

    volur-

    ~V\fy()1

    , e.

    ..-

    t)

    At.JAI,..'-C'S'IS'.

    ~w

    L....: -{'1- e.c>",,l.o I \1& IvlN-f J

    ----

    A..

    A.Io\.c1

    of

    '-'1/6/0..) 1)1\ Tit:

    ',V\\e+

    Ql'\d

    ;vel1.

    1 c....If-.r 1 ~ss c.;

    j\l/el-'\

    loa Jt=.f!J/h.

    o\.o~t'\.O..l

    \,4$il\j

    6,-

    (I)
    f,C.;j-f'..t ~$.s

    E:.
    _

    100

    I ~
    e_2t: cvr

    -2e

    l>

    5t>[

    e2.t -

    1]

    -+ SO '::: 50 e.

    (3')

    100
    80
    60
    ~

    --

    40

    20

    s:

    Cl

    ---

    0
    0

    0.5

    1.5

    2.5

    t(h)
    Ff'OM

    t~is plot

    fuws

    llA,

    ""e. see ~~

    Eve.V\-kA.a.l~ J ~

    i~ih'4l~ Yl'la~{ fLows o~t,d- '" kl~t... "(',de.)~ kb M(!SS


    L\\C.OM\V\.j

    -.ow
    4-1

    ro,J\e.. e.,~s ~ e~l.+ +low reNte,

    FROf3LcH 4,/ (CoVl+d.)

    rVle -FollowiY\5 pJof is

    Obfp..III\ed.

    fer"

    #teo

    Ll.1stAIII+Ctl1f.(')us

    ra4e of cket.""e sf mtL's:

    O-r---------====~--,

    -10
    -30

    :2
    ......

    -50

    Ol

    "0

    -70

    "0

    -90
    -110 -h-T""'T"'"'T""""""'T""'T"'"'T""""""'T""'T"'"'T""""""'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''',.....l
    o
    0.5
    1
    1.5
    2.5
    2
    3
    t(h)

    It,

    I n fA. \ hj ?t~e. AVYloli'-1.t t e t VWl ss i 11\ 4- It\e. t--Io'\k. i..r tAec. re.Si\,\j 0.+ o; r-~ "eo{ 'fW\e..
    E\I~vd . w c.l\j ,+lA~ rate. of ~e (G!.-ec.V'eo..s;c.) 0+ MA~S .s;{OlA$1-o z.ero.

    The foHow

    ,'hj

    WV\ctLO)\ sf

    plot t.s Oh~L~ed -for +k-e. ~rnoLCM.t of!

    WlQ.SS

    +iM~:

    ilt\

    fkL

    ~V\.k ().s

    4-

    50
    40

    Ol

    30

    1>

    20
    10
    0
    0

    0.5

    1.5
    t(h)

    FroM +~Ls

    (b)

    2.5

    f\o+) we.. see +~t tl,.e. to..""k... '1 !\ (t laL\lj co ~ tML-is 5~ ~ G\.~ t.V\A.r+i~s.
    'Frotlf\ +ke Vlo+> we.. See ~ +~Q. ~""k... is 'I\(&trlcj e.'Mf"'~ a+ -t ~ ~.6 v..

    4-2

    PROB(,EM 4.2
    I<NOWN:

    F \ND~

    of

    f\t\,,~s fLows

    iV1tt> ()..~ O~+ 19~ o: ~~trol \1oll,t.W\e wi~

    Plot t~e h~e. ,0J\e. ef C~(;("'"Se... ef m,,"ss 0l1l\.J. +~e.. V'\~+ Ck.,,"'Sc l~

    MC4..SS

    vevsus f\Me..

    SC HE.M4T\C- 1'rNl> C9\VSN DM'A :

    "

    The mte of.


    etY\l\cv

    0..+

    dA~e

    o+-

    M4.~S

    '"

    '4v\- Me. -:.)

    I~-

    conirol

    "7

    volume

    -l-llM!. i

    Q..~"

    ~+

    -.oo~i

    l~ e=I.S(I-e

    et.+

    +\vL ""~ot.\....,,,t

    - -- ,

    I
    I
    I
    _s5 I

    . , : 1.s
    'W\.
    AI\I,4,I..'fSI~:

    ,-

    fLow reJres.

    kll\OwY\

    i~.s,) ~~

    ;11\ k~/.s

    IS

    -.OO2.t.)

    = \.5 - '.S (I- e

    (I)

    =- 1.5 e.- .~O2. t.


    -r~+~,r(Nh;"g the. ""'4-~S Y'o.~e.. loa.lCt\A.c.e.

    J. V\\c."

    0vetr

    +\Me

    ~ S0\ ~'I ~e ~tt~

    (7.)

    ) J t I I.Se -

    AY'Y\(.,,(.,~:

    '

    ,DO 2. -/;]

    I
    J
    "",t

    1.5

    IT program

    ..--------------~

    rndot] 1.5 II kg/s


    mdot_e = 1.5 * (1 - exp(-.002*t II kg/s
    dmcvdt = mdot_i - rndot;e
    delta_m =Integral(dmcvdt,t)
    Using the Explore button; sweep t from
    o to 3600 s in steps of 4.

    ......
    -c
    ~

    FrOM -l-ke ~pe.r, r~p h M-\d ~1' CI ),


    we. see. ~ llAl-h a.L~
    t ~ l.e..t
    +Low lffA.te.L-S hi1\i.. f/tN- ~ e~l..+

    +k.e

    ~~&t-OO.s

    T\.te loot(OM 5r~~ S\\.ovrs ~*


    f\Ae ne..t c"'-o.. "'S e. iN\ ~~~ CV\G'l".eASeS
    t,l~~\ \t ~,(1Cv~e~1~O ~ . A+

    1ia:t "fO\.

    w.. ~~~

    400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200 3600


    t (s)

    +Low ro..-\e is -ceco . T\,w.s .. cAVhc'I/ett


    S1o..~ ht,l\. A.s t \\AC'f-e.c....ses);{.e
    ~'l+ tLoV-i 'fCL~e \V\.'-lreMes ~ ~r-.J
    c.l\Mcv {et:c d..(tp,00.' lA.es zero CA-&

    0.5

    700
    600

    ~
    .......,
    ~

    500
    400
    300

    <I

    ~ ~ tr\\{e. c..~e.
    ct> '2-40 05).

    200
    100
    0
    0

    400

    800 1200 16002000 2400 2800 3200 3600


    t (5)

    4-3

    PRo8LSM L1.3

    t<NQwtJ:
    FIND~

    Air ledk..s ',vtft>

    DefeVt\11'lI\e

    ~Clf6\tMl(

    ~V\ j')1'~+i a.ll'::J ~Ve.tc:uted -in-Ii\k. at C1.

    tke. pY"eS'.sLu~ ilA tke.

    1-o....k

    COlt.SktLAt

    l'V!Ass

    flow nck.

    ~f1er 30 s.

    "VEk) UkrA:
    I

    A~SOMPTtOAJS~ ( I)

    'I....

    The l..ot1trol \lolt.lrke

    ~.......

    ill\le+ ~~ ""'0 eJtik.(2.) "'''e


    tll1- betta\fe" as ~~ "I de4 I ~/t.' .
    ~s OMe

    ': 0.00 If tL,/.s

    ~l.i~c) =0
    I

    ;;;;"",;;;;;",.=.-=-_~I

    .......

    ~./,

    30

    V = ~ f+3
    Tz. ::. 7DO f =- 5301<

    30

    Jo d: me" =J0. . ';. dt ~ r,f (O.OO~)dt


    'Wl

    Now

    USI'h'J

    it =30 )

    +ke id eat 9tU

    :. (0.00 Ci) (30)

    =.

    O.l:1. 110

    mo&el

    m RTz.
    (O,(l.
    P.=-:.
    2.
    V

    ,Sl(S If-' I,F )


    ',) ( 2.8.'7 11tJ. DR (S 30te)

    (5' .f+3)

    :: 4.1 tl IbfltiA'3....;<

    4-4

    .ff'2.

    I
    -~
    14'1 i 141.

    &

    PR06kM t+. J.l

    KrJQ uJtJ :

    E.1.hJJJ:

    A tan k c.on"fa,i JIltr'J3 A W\ W\ 0 0... cA eve lop.s a l e~ k.. 1h. e. a. \N\. 0'"\. 0-...
    esctJ.FS oi: a. cC11cSfiuC/t YtUW /-low ride.
    Dererm ,~(2 the. f'me a:t wl1 icl hal f fl1e. Wla.r~ Vt4.S <!:sCtfJed ltd the.
    pressure i~ ti1e. fo..M.k.at #tat fIWJe..
    y\ \..

    SC&fEMMlC.

    \'\1\

    GrlllEtJ DA-TA:
    I- - - - -

    e.

    -~t

    I
    I
    I

    I- - -

    :,

    .
    ~:

    0,04 J<sls
    V-:. O. S" rn 3

    1; =L{Oc.

    ft -:: go {,a v

    1'VI<t.::'

    1\1.

    A5sUMpnoNS: (I) The. centrol voLu.Me is shown Otl +he. o.CCOMPA)\~I~"


    q.;a., rQ,t1f. (2.) The feMpera.ktre. '14 tLte. +tx.KIc. ~ma.n..ts COY!tS{-a.Kt. (3) The.. volume.
    J.S umsft;.d.

    ANMNS'5: AfPI~~j -H1e.

    d~cy
    dt: :. -

    r\1e

    (,a..IQlt(ce.

    0 OLJ

    :: -

    k~ Is

    .,

    Jt

    Iflfe.tjraft~gjf)~~l.R;""e.

    1'Yle. cl. t :: - 0.0 L.(

    dtt:.-::' Y\i\ev(o)

    .501 vln~

    raJe.

    m4S$

    -for i:

    t1'J,v l:f;-) -

    t. ::.

    \'\1,.- (c)

    (-0. 0 4 "--;,/s) ,

    From Ta.IDle. A-IS) 1.r, ::. O. LIll.O V\'1 ~/bj. ThU.s. +ke ; ""ii-i,tf WlCc.'S'
    I

    1:1: :. .2.Cl2:t Ic:j

    "MCy(o\ :

    Now..

    Y\'lGv Lot)

    ::

    ( I,

    L{

    t -: .

    =i

    ~c.v (0) ::. l.t.{ I {

    (I - 2.

    ~)...:L ) k~

    .
    (. -O.O'-{ ~/5)

    to ~e.t f'Z. ) d..e,teV'M~e.


    y

    1.)"'2. ::. ~

    ,:s

    ..L)

    c.,,<'"l;

    ': . SS.~

    S<

    1:

    <---------

    'lTz..

    ':. O.1St.( 'i VV\3/k..$

    IV\tey ('o\Gt.t\ 11\9 '''' To.\o~ A- \5" o:t i~:' "(0 "c, I

    r'2. ~ .t. Ii

    bt;ty

    \J'l,. '::. O.1>S'1 "( \M3/~

    <EE~-------------Pz.

    4-5

    PfZO{3L,sM "l. 5
    lc;-NOWtV: 1}JA+e.If e~-tevs A+ +\..~

    "-

    -top

    ~f ~ +o.lI\k +kro~Sh 0.. 5t.A.fflJ pipe ~+


    c.ens+a.wt- V\-\~~$ {-tow ~e. (A,~ ~Xl,+s +0 cA. ~u..~ #..rov...Sk C\, rife i~. ~lAe bottoM..
    of tlAe +o.\A.k. the ve-loGt-lj f)f +l-\e WA.te't" ~~ Lh~~ to +""~ 'P\AMP v~ries Wl-tl.\ ~el' H
    ot- +lAe. WAt-t't" swr{-M.t. Alit O\le.v-How 'P i pe SH.l\llets i", fl-\e +(,(.l,f,k.,

    Plo+ (0\) +~e ~e:l' kt o~ +lAe. w~fe..r sU..v"+M.t) (10) +IA~ ra.te. VY\Q ss e.id'S ~
    +~e. ~\A.~ 1 (C) t~e. 'fw\-e V'N\'S -e.xi.+ -tlA.roWj~ ~e. o\lJa(+-lolP ((\pe) e-.c~ versus +-l~e..
    l>-0\..e,\fV\\\Vte +I.\e. 'hiM-t. W~~" +lAe w~~ ('~~ +l-\e top of +-ke oV4 v+low pt.p<.

    E.ll:L2 :

    8'

    S C \1t'i: MA-i\C.

    ~ \V .iV "DA-TA:

    Water supply
    <}-

    ml = 6.8

    n---LI8"

    kSSUtvlPi(OtJS:(ll Th~ toY\lrrol \lol\,t.~e.


    .e~c.losu tl.-\e w&tt-EW" i", +~e +~lAk. ,l-te.
    (,O'tA1Yo\ \/0 llAMt. ~s
    6+e(A.~ skd..e.
    wlA~ ~e wGt+.ev- \eve-I r.eCtcLtes t'ke.

    Overflow pipe

    Ibis

    4tt

    +(9~ ot- t\A~ 0 ve.'(~low ?\?e. (2.) The.


    wo.te-(' is lV\ co ~p res~' \1.0 le .) w i+\A .

    g=

    "2.34 110/..(4-.3. ('l

    l/'\T-f-@(POOF:'

    I V\ ~t\~l\~ ) tlAe

    i-a,\A.k. is e ~rTj .

    ....=--

    D= I"
    -{:::::>

    To pump

    At-JA~'1.sIS: (~) Before -tl-\.e.w~er l-eve.-I ("a.clAes Z ~z+f.J t'l-\e


    b~l~e. i.s
    ~ vYl\' ~ '1. =';> $ A-hA,I-\k. ~ ::. ~,- ~ A-z.\f2.,

    W\A-SS

    r,d~

    04.;;.l!

    E"&4-h.. .cvh~~ +l.te.

    A7. ~
    A+.."k.
    Tl-u-ts

    GtV'e.~s ~

    7C:2.2. :. 7t

    (l/~2. 4-+)~: 5 .. '+ 54)(0-'1.f+ 2.

    ~ 7t ~-H<:" ~

    (b2.'34

    ~J ){I.'1bi H~) ~

    - :.') 1t:.
    ~1 \A~+-~<n\ on .i.~.

    1\ ('8/~ ++) ... I. 7h7

    :. (,.!>

    ~ - ~2.34 ~J )(S.11 S't )(t 6 3 ++2.) 8.1~


    1

    O.Ob\i3 - D.02 51'l

    #~

    -:e. /2..

    (2:

    ~'" +.+

    :
    (~)

    i- '''' s)

    ~oV\-l\-V\e.ec. r: eft ffwe.~hc:J e\\.\ce.t~~. 131;1 tA.'S~~ri-I~ (3) J tl,.te

    \V\\+,a..\ c..OAAI.+lO"Y\ \.S Z =0 ~i- t=D. Tl.1.e. el'p'("~ss,~


    tlAe. 1-V\.~ '('lIv+t(}"y\ ~fu,re e~ l T I a.S +0 llows "

    (aM.

    be. l\-4.te~ro.teJ L<..S1I"'~5

    IT Program

    f 0.06173 - 0.02519 * z AO.5


    der(z,t) = f
    Using the Explore button, sweep t from

    o to 60 s in steps of 0.1.
    The -kHow ~~ ortlph CI..li\. Ioe. ObHu'lI\eJ +roM tJ.1e
    4-b

    rt"~(,dti~5 et~~ l.c.Si ~

    rr.

    'PRD6<.etvt 4.5 (Corafd.)

    :
    N

    0.5

    --I+++++t++-hI4+i-t+++-H+++J++l++H++++t+++H+H++++++++++H++++J

    10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

    t (s)

    =- 55,

    2. 5

    c.c

    ..::....:...:--.:.:;.;",,;,;:.

    (i! ::. Zit)

    h1 2. :

    e
    .l

    A~..
    v:

    : :.

    e
    .,)

    A-z.. 'e
    t,; /'-' all'Z.)
    I

    = (f92.34)(S.J.fS4XlO-3){8,1ft,2' z.) ~ 2.774l.f:Z


    C(,f.

    -to;:. 55.2

    For t:

    "7

    Sj ~':l2

    S 5.2

    .s;

    (c. ) 'For i '" SS.2. S j


    {-o Y"

    lIz.

    tf ~ M~: 3.923~ tJ,/.s


    2,.

    = 3. q 2 ~b 1101 s C~

    ~3 =: 0

    S5. 2. S j ~1-e~

    remGtIt'4s CUMft.,.U1: o: t .2

    -# )

    (~tOV.l kUVI'i; V"eCA.et..ed. +J,..(l. OVQ~.(.low p"ipe il1/e

    tJ

    ck-fe. ,k4s

    ~ ~ m'-~~-";'3 ~"';'3=- vM.-vi:. ...

    : ~.!> 1~/5 - 3,Q 23b Ibt~


    ::. 2.6 7ft,

    \1/s . <~
    ..

    \'l'\3

    (-I:~ 5j:2,)

    5
    4
    3

    2
    ;1

    -m 2
    - m3

    0
    -1

    10

    20

    30

    40
    t (s)

    4-7

    50

    60

    70

    80

    PR Df!JUE.1'1

    Jot. to
    A warer: sfora.qe hKIc.

    KNOWN:

    CbVlfa.Vi4s IJ.

    flow rides lits lA.rtd out of tk. -fO-rt It.

    E1.ti1J.:

    ])efermiY\ll. hew m~ny da.fJs

    5a.ftEMMIL

    CzWGtJ 'DA-TA:

    the canfrtd

    vDIu.me

    etf

    W\c.v -:.

    i.s

    l/V/
    e.

    -::.

    '

    'M~ -

    ~V-)e ::. /qooo ;ja{/do..!J

    tUSkoWl'\ t>YJ

    yrde. 01.{/4kCf2. reduces

    WJ{(SS

    0.. \'\1\(,11
    W~-t-~

    -1

    ------...-

    wa.-ter is ill\u>~re-ss\b'-e.
    Af'!.4LVSIS: The.

    ~~

    .:=
    l\~.+e.~revh""~

    to

    Me

    ~A(A\rh -A' (J\\{")e.


    ~ '4 ) i. -

    :l

    (A \T'"e.) :. So 00

    [e 2< P (... t-/ 2. o)J - 1O})(~O

    frOM t':.o -to -t.::.i.f

    V'1.-V'::'

    Si

    -lopo-o)d..t

    ( s o o o [ e x(' c- t / 2.o ) ]

    -: (50
    ~~p (- -th..o)
    (-1/2.0)
    0 0

    (])

    V, -=.

    tke. 4~O\le .sk.efc"'~(2.) 7l1e

    ~V) ~ ~i. ~ S (A\rl, ~ ~e = g CA\i)e.

    fl ~:

    w~+lA

    -Hce. +,,"k. will ctn1M.i~ wa:/e.r.

    .5QOo(elCp (-t.lZl:> )J
    (i in d~s)

    ASSUMP1)ONS : (I)

    ~"'t.n

    {.\rL

    of wa.t.e.f". The.. volwM~

    ------

    (Av-h :

    lc..... o~J1 \lok.c.......e

    t loolOOO

    10 0 ) 0 0 0 ~Q.I aM&.

    o ':, 2.c> 0

    Us\.~ l T 1;0 sol ve w e

    O~

    ..fc>v-

    ell:p ( :

    V-J j

    if/.,..o) - I] -lOlooo"t.f..

    (i')

    V",:O

    - '0"1-000

    ~ ~t ~

    - 10Jooo

    tf

    e~p (- 1:+/2.0) -10,0 0

    if

    IT solution:
    0= 200000 - 100000 * exp(-tf/20) - 10000 * tf
    II tf = 15.36 days <

    I.

    100000

    To obtain

    .V

    VS.

    t using IT:

    der(V,t) = AV1 - AV2


    AV1 = 5000 * (exp(-t I 20))
    AV2 = 10000
    II Use the Explore button to sweep t from
    110 to 15.36 days in steps of 0.05.

    tf

    ~-------------,

    80000
    ~

    l/l

    60000

    (ll

    -9

    >

    40000
    20000
    0
    0

    8
    t (days)

    4-8

    10

    12

    14

    16

    ~NO""'IV:

    4 ...'0''''''

    c.o.,-\lJ.-.'V\J 41'\ e-.cPA"'~'(/l'\ C"'-'Ho\!H',.,


    ~~(f.)D~v~("p
    0."" ~r-s.s,'W'I -f-;-~ r~+e If c."-a..'0 e,
    of I,c;u,'ci le ve t
    w..~ c.kA~'o-e('
    .....:. -\~t"_'
    ce"""~",, 1vIH,Hh'es.,,,)co-Y'~ +"-- l""c.l~M~
    ~Ajlo\..d"'d.-,
    ~ ,....tS fIll",," ~
    ~r~" p~d 'l/o.lv.~$ --f-d..- cn./rU; J ~

    p;"...

    0;.,

    "I'\ce_f~.ulhle 1,',vl'col

    1-

    ~
    c~a-c 1..L'1 V " U ~j
    sc I-\"i:Ml'\ T tc & G' ,,~IV D#\ 7 tor:

    -----,

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    I

    Expansion
    chamber

    I
    VI

    -:-=--t>.,
    ml
    .

    CDL.---DI

    ASJ'UlV\PT'O~~: I. TV\~ c.o..,;y.\ VDIV~-( ,'s oS ~W'"


    z. 1'10- II~U'c!'~ ~cL&..lac:l ~ i"",c..o-russlble.

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    S'c f-lt (\;1",-rIC .( to I lit /-.J VII 7)\: .

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    I

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    Air .f.lows -li1t"O~'" A ene-inlet ,one-t:Ki+ CDYI+t?:JI volu..me. J:>~a.re


    known o.t -tite. ,..... le.t ~hc{ >c it.
    ])e-ler"MI~e.(Q:) +he. ~u fk>w n:vEe.J(.bJ-H.tee~i+aveQ.. .

    .5CHMMl(, ; 4lVStJ

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    : ...

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    7i:: ({OOK

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    :: 35'0

    rY)ls

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    ASSUMPTIONS: (l) T~e. COn-lrt>l Volu.me is


    s+e~ s-/o:le.C2.) -rke a.lr hekaVl'S
    o.s ON\ ide..A1 9&'$. (3) The -Flow is one-d'~e:V\S'ioYla.1 ( tke.,i.,/e+ OI.Yld'f,Jclt.

    ANA-t.ys,s: Be,illln;~, witit +he rYUtt's rah. hu.kiMce

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    =<o.ocrs em ~"'Er------------------_.-:..=

    413

    KNOWN~

    A~t- evr+ers A bu..iftU.~~ tk("Ol.t.,~ c.rttcks (U'OLC.t1c.( dt!or.s 4~J LcJ,..,dows


    ~ntA dMe -Jo door DpeVJ
    The ivrl-eV"1\td volume 01- fhe bui/d,n,
    1.5 lc.now~.

    FIN}):

    Esft~tA::"e tl.te ')1..lLmber Df.

    ,"'s',

    Gur cfAa.Wje.s

    IN ifttilt\

    flte builtM';'j per hour,

    5cttMMlC. I gLVN bA--TA:

    V= 20,000 f+3

    I'l.\+ i It"~f~

    7:, =7z~F

    ~rou~L..

    c..rtA.cU.s
    B8 .ft31'ML'V\

    V\A~

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    ,), +lJfrtt.ft~ #\'-0"'1 ~


    .
    door e peV\ \'wj' = 100 -Ft31 M\lA.
    AsSUMPTLONS: (I) The confn,( volu-me "IS elt s+eatLtj ~ie. .(2) The air behet\eS'
    o..s CUit idea.l ~A'. (al The ill\side tA~ t9Ulslde ~'r ffl:?"ure.s C4fe l-1E'Q.~ E'1 t-tCtL

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    I

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    ANA:LYSI.s~ (~J U5,'nj t=~.


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    5CkfeMA-ILC t (7\ veN DATA:
    , - - - - -,
    ~:

    P,

    AsSUMenQtJ"~(I) Th-e eon-l-Y'ol


    Volu,Mire is O-T 6tead'j sta.tfl..
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    "

    baY'

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    ~2. S c.m

    ~I

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    '"2,::'

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    ~, 17.
    = (7\':,'2.)
    ::.

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    I

    rt el,'

    m3/~."T'k.us

    Prom Ta.ble A- l'2.,) -v; ': 0.02. 'i 1).,


    =.

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    v-;

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    ;:a:r:

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    &

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    "Z.

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    11'1 Lltt(.

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    Fr?:JM Table A-(O)

    v;,. "X. 'tff~ 3() 0c -=-

    O,&Lfl1

    Xt.O-:J 'fYt3/ k,j

    II'\,Ser.. hVij VALues


    A

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    ( -1. S ron I s )
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    :: O.OOCoS-m

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    '"Vliet elMA 'hoo

    for sJ-eAwt
    eJects.

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    fiND:

    ])e+errnl~e +kQ.

    flowl"'~

    diamefer

    ~ flN.. .I~"Yte wi+~ Otse.

    o~ e~c.L.t e.~ifduct.

    ....

    i 61VeIJ DA7'A:

    5CMeMA-TIC.

    fhro""h.

    - -

    -- ........,

    P, ::: t~o bfi ~


    7l -:.t.{gO c
    (ft v:) :: 2>00 "".J
    ASSlJMPTlON5:(I) The ~vHYol
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    Vi. =~s 'vn Is

    p I---::-I----~

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    ~-~

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    :.

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    ( gOO m 3/\'M4\~) 1J mi~1

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    ~~

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    '

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    Tk.cu

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    W\, ::

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    M"'.s

    ~= O.ql{
    I.{ 00 '1'411 S

    ~ ::: O.IS ~l
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    ~qo be

    The -Pk>w it+ fLte i .,d.e+ a "'-4


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    (2)

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    ,.;ott

    ...

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    e,

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    ..

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    4->SUMPTLON's ',(I) ihe coM1h1:>/


    \[0l \A vl1 e. i s ~t s t ~a.J.c.:l 5-1<t-fe,
    (z.) T~le ttrlj C\.~ .sh--eA."'-\
    I OCC<.-+lOJ.l\.3 b-elM.ve~ ClS all\
    j ot-ml ~ClS,

    t
    I

    Tke

    V\'\tl~ s

    rec.te

    I
    I

    ~&tI4.""c e.

    D"

    ~e

    "

    Air conditioning unit

    m, = 4000 Ib/h

    -tor -rlA.e

    ~ fJlftJ' :. ~ + Vl1 !> + ~ S -

    Warm water inlet

    el+

    ,AtvAt,\jSl 5',

    Fan

    'IfV\ S '::. '1M 2. - W\ I

    La t\1To

    \ r-ecluce~

    (#s

    fo Hows :

    M 2- - LM+

    "

    "

    MC\ - \fV\3

    +~e sc.~-e~+l~ we see +lNvt- c. ircu'd' +~ro~l,.. +~e a.i,'(" c..ow;ll-ho~i~


    lA.\I\.l,t lS cLose.A., T~ere~(e) a... -t .s+eatLj sk+.a. ~\ e,
    Tkus
    ,
    ,
    '
    VV\ .s -e, \'Y\4 - M 3

    ro\"V\

    m'"'

    To ~e+ ~ 3 ) use

    M ::.
    ~

    Et. 4-. u

    (A\J)3 -;:

    h (AM 1'~Q l~.e&\"l VC4..S e.1l.l4.+l~

    p~ (A\r) 3
    I~

    'tT"3
    ::

    I"'!.

    (I ~+\M) ( ~ooo -C+)/M.~lA)

    I 545 ft.I~)(S30o~)
    ( '2.-8.e"
    llo ' R.
    4>

    ::. 13480

    Fl ~ cd Ij

    .fro rY\

    Lb/'"

    (.,){)

    ~s::. ltfpoO -13;+80

    =52.0 lb/~~4

    4-24

    M5

    KNOWN:

    A,y PQS5es th"'O~h o: cmirol vow-..... e o~rn+rVrg at sfea.tbj cfr,:Ie..


    are ~iveYl 0..+ fl1e i~fet wnd e>cit) tl~d fl1e. heQ.t- .J-r-lA.lf\.s?e rr:

    is ItYlown. Theexit-vofumetdc.. flow


    1)e+eV'n1lne the power".
    f""o.{e-

    fINo..:

    SCWBMWG

    GWEN :OkrA,:

    --- - --- -,I

    I
    ( I) I

    cur
    (AV) , ':: l ~ ~''''

    mOtS$

    kt1iJwr"I.

    P, =t.os h::tr
    T; = ~OOJ<

    The

    is

    r(X~

    n:tk

    coYlfro I
    vol tA.\11

    I (.:~.)

    P2, =12. h4-Y


    T:a, ::: l.(001<

    J_

    flow y-a..fe.. i.s-

    ~ :: (Av-) I. ~

    f'L (A~) l

    R TI

    "l:t. l

    (I.OS"ba.r )( lJ.. Yh'3/~\,-\)


    ':: fe.3\u.
    \.,18.':;1

    k;:r) (300 k)

    ~.I<.

    1 ~\IA.

    loSNJ'M~

    I kj

    bO S

    \ bat"

    I03 N . W\

    -:: O.J.4~'l ~{s

    FflA4(l~ ... {,tS'~ a.tA.4 .c r-q"""" Ta ~ (c... A - 2 'Wc,v -:. (-1.0 l.w) -(O."2."\"1tt ~ )(l{OO.qi-~OO.lC\)~t
    =. - 44. (g

    "W ""'<u_--------

    /:;{s 1

    Wc,v
    ~

    l. The he,o.f\ve slqV\ for -tke p OtN B-rdenoies eVter9~ 1YAIAS!er


    +0 -FlAe GOVl+rol votUMe.ef'1'l'\+~e- su"'V'lf"oUVldlV\.j$.
    4-.25

    PIlo8L8M '-I. 2 '3

    k;.NoWN : A\r o..~ w~+ev f~~s -fkrowa~ 0.. C-O"V\.-lYol

    t:t.S S.er'trClte S+r~~.


    :PM-A. CA,r.e kV\own ~+ +l1.e. I~ \e+s ~~ e~l+~,o.""'" ~e. towh-o\ vollt.\o\oie l~ 4+ st~(.,f
    vollA.Wle

    "E)tevte.
    Pi tYb. D.e+eV-MIlI\e flAe. powe'f".
    oS CHE'MATIC-

    cf

    gl V6!J DA-TA '.


    ~

    "II

    ,
    I'"

    _
    (I) "

    Aw
    7; 70F : 1;;'0.01<
    n :::14. i lJ"fll .... ~
    W. I : ' IS 0 lb /~\~

    W ::

    .J

    M~

    (~I-~"') -t

    (z.)

    vn w

    ( ~l-k&()

    'The YV\Cc.~S +low 1'"M--e.. sf euo.~r is .fou~ -1ro"M ~w~ CJ\\l"'Js I ~


    Vs " 1 \T1 ': .N"ltP 9'00 F :. O. 0 le-O -, -C4-"/i b .c. ....- ''''b \ eo A - ':2. C

    ':.

    (l4,o..\I'-"'~) lo.rl]~i#)

    (O.Ol<l>O' ~) Ill)

    l ~ (A \

    I~qqtC6

    lb 1"-"'"

    ~OI.UJ .troM T4b).e /r--z:z.e) l--t, ~ IZ.t...(p(,. &k.<llb ~~ VI.::' 1~({.~1 ~k..a./llo. ~v4-ker,.(or
    +~4 w&t~(.V"' ~ h 3 ':\'. ~+-~ClOop =: 4<l,O't 0+v../llo ~ hi ~ ~0 qooF = S~.Ol1}kc./tlo.

    rlA.Ms

    IN tv {
    CD

    I So

    ~7..)(12~. ~~ -

    ::. -(5.0

    kr

    4\

    (:II(. :l11

    ~ +('fI.~~" )( '1~. oy_ S"\l.07)~] I~~ ~'~II1.S~S~~/~1


    '4."

    I. ,he ne~a.f~ve si~V\ dell\utes e~H~Y'~'j 1r('(VlsferJW -rke <:J:>Vt-fyo/ volu.m e b~ work..

    PRDI3U=M Lt. 2'1

    {<NOWN: Sfeo.m flows +I1 rOk l/ h

    (J)i:"h /c:nown c.OYld.,t-lcrns al--ffAe.


    I 'vile t a.nd e "-r. The ma."s fLow raie is [j (ve'1.
    Def.evmlJ-,e (0.) ftce exti- ve.loc.if-lj I (b) #ae il1lef-anei ~it- ftoWQ("a.s.

    FIND:

    i t< I ileAl

    Sc HEM'+TLC

    p, =-.30 bAV'

    In

    ~-

    -#1 (;z.) fz= to btW

    . -

    ~-

    V-;=- looMis

    )t.Ol,. Z. Ie.

    C,q.,7;A:

    --..t.
    nozz.le
    I

    T:::
    320C
    ,

    (,l

    ~
    T:Z.-- 2 00 0 Co
    I
    --~
    ~ :t.21<tJ1s

    c.on+rol vollLWIe is at s.J.~aJ.J


    skie .0-) ftea-t fro..",fer is negI; j ibl-e: l).~ We-v -='0.
    (3} PokJ1fl.;"..t ener9~ eHec.fs: are. V)~lijibl-e.
    ASSVMPnON~ :(') The

    ANALVSIS (alTile veL()ci~ t>1- 6teArn

    Q.t +lA.e ,exit i.s

    eYle~~ cAlQ,J.1cce

    1.r
    nUlA.d fn,m fl1.e ~ -~ft;J-e

    Y 2:)]

    o : ii'v~vo + ~ [(~,_ h?J r(Y: ~Vj,"2.)


    where. MI

    ~z. ::~.

    -=.

    'l;. ::.

    :2. (

    Sol v,'J;\9

    h, - '" 'Z. )

    kr

    \17"2-

    +-

    Fro~ Talol.e A -Lf,; h, :',301/3." kJ/~ tA.hJ

    \f;.::.

    2. (30Lt3.'1-:z..8'2.1.Q)

    t-9 l

    k'J'
    JetJ

    h-a.= 2.821.'

    k;:r/~. Thu.s

    11 ~.I~/s~III03N'~1
    N , kJ" Te,OO" \'n7':s2.

    -:: tp" 4.1 Mis c

    \h-

    (b) To ~\V\d. -th~ 1/I1\et 0.\4\&

    A,:::.

    V"

    \T:

    e"'(+

    <l\M..&.

    {lAw Qr~s)

    A"to '=:.

    .A7-

    (2. J,c.!j/S )(0.0950


    ( l 00 Pli s )

    \ ,...

    v~

    tr-z.:::' O. 2.o~O

    V'I\~/"1) 110~c."''''.1
    I V"\ "to

    = (2.)<o.'2..0~O)I'O~r
    (~fc, Lf. \)

    ~ ~~V-)/'l:r. SC9lvtI'\j

    ~ '\7&,

    TCtL1I-e- A- Lf) ~ ::. e.oaso w,~ ~

    A ~

    USe.

    _- ". 2

    : . , ..,

    I/V\')'~.

    T~

    c.:------...:...:.:.

    c.Y\'\

    "2.
    A'I.
    ~ < 1 1 < 1 1 , . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - : : ;.

    PROSLGtvl /.f.

    25

    S+eA~ flows thro~,l1 A. Wt.lI- ,i'J:;u{().krA. l1.02zle w;fI,.. known cond.i"-fu:m.s

    KNOWN:

    a.f- the ,'i1It-t- ~Y\et e.)(i+.

    :De+e,.ml~e #Ie e)(it+eM.p4rakAv-e.

    FIND:

    ~CHEMA11c i 61 YeN VA.-TA.:

    t~

    ~= 40t"~'i~2.

    P,=300 'W/,k2.
    7;= IoOODF
    ~ kO'Z.1,Ie.
    ~ ~ = isoo fHs
    '1";=(00#105 C')!~ ,(Z)
    11"77/" .. . '''''1i
    l'j~~
    'I

    A~SQMPTlQJJS~~1) The cemro! volL'me. c.$ a~.sl-fZad.~


    sloie.cz: There /.S l10 hea..f ~sferJ aMd W~V=O.
    (.3) pofeYlffal e~eY9'Y ef.kds a.r'(a Vlefjl it} ible.

    ANA-LiSIS ~ 'The p~su.re .,-, kwn ~t +ite. e)(i+-. The sfD.-le.. L~


    delef"MI~\l"'j h:z, -u.s, i-1!j tke sfecu:l.t:1 - st(d e el1ef"9~ Iottl4ltltce

    -flxeJ

    b~

    ~~ 0_ ,/0
    v-: 7. v; z
    _ ~0
    O~j:(cv/"",cv + ~ [(k.-l-a-z.)+( .;. J.1f"~(yel,)J

    l-0he~ M

    I e,

    h :.
    z,

    rYt2. =. M. -So IV' Vt5


    1_

    VI, ....

    for h';1..

    (V7 ~2-~7.)
    h,

    FroM Talole A -lfE-oJ

    ~ 13('(.5" &Milt,. Tku.,s

    ltt'1. - ( (314.$" ~/'b.)

    ( '00<' - t~O<1\)
    2.

    ~ ,.
    sa.

    I lb,q. .

    32.2 lb.

    ~/s:

    II '6lu.

    ,..,8 ~f.. rbf

    :: I~Sato3 BkA./lla

    I nte.rpola.h~ ,11\ Table. A- ij.t=.. cd:- 1'2-:: .{o l~ II~~ l.-t~:. (~50.03 Btu I lJo 81~.s

    T-z.

    0::.

    Co~{P. b

    T~

    OF <

    4- 28

    kNOWN:, ~e+V1al'\e ~(ts fLows .+kYo~h. ~. Ylo"Z.7-/e


    ct spa C:I f H!.tl ("a,~ e of ext-f ve.loctt I es.

    E1M2: PJo+

    e,J{.

    SC#d6HA-TIc.

    i+ -/eVlllfe ra.fuV"tl- versus


    u-L'tIE-1V

    Me.-+MV\e 9'ts (c Uti )


    T, :.80c.
    ~='O 'IVI/s

    e~i+

    wi+k

    k-vtown ivtlef

    c..chd,;-hoJ15

    aV\d

    ve-loct-'::1.

    -PMA-:

    /11
    . 1/ I,! r
    l~ !//I//I/III/Ilt/t.-:
    ,
    I
    -. _ _ - ,500

    ---:-:~>
    I

    -_

    ///1111/1//1/// 17;7;/;

    - -.

    v:

    ~(Ooo

    'MIs

    Tz. = ?

    1//i7

    (1)

    (2.)

    A-sSVMPTLOtVS~(_1) The CDVl+rol VOIl-tWle. is a.t sfeMtj s+ctte. (z) For..fl-te C#)'Ylfrol
    volM,.VMe Qc.v::' We-v: O. (3) Pof-evt,fia.1 eVJeY"a~ eftec~ CCt\iJ be IjY\o red ]:1') The

    l11e+IAQ.~e b~l-1a. VeS

    51~ce

    as ctvt

    ideal

    3a.s.

    ide! roa.s , +l-te. ~)Ct+ +erneera,+u.re is


    oIefe,Yvn i V\e~ b~ -ev,d~, ~ h~ usi ~ s-leif)..J 5fak. WtQ.S5 C{-1d eV1ev#'J "tl/Q.lAces~
    ~o \ 0
    . [
    v; ~v: ~
    1
    ~(":XV +- W\ (k ~-z.) -1-( z."') + 3 5"'-~~)J
    kNkf;YS/S:

    itt::. hL-T) -tor-+l.te.

    ( ) ::0.

    wt-teV"e

    .::

    l-

    h1,: ~1.:' ~. Ik.u.S wi+~ h =I,.,(.T)


    J
    a
    '2.
    o ~ h(T,) - t1CT-z,) + (V; -V""... )
    2..

    for

    ~ i", k.. J'/ ~ ~""o( \r I iA 'MIs.


    U.s I ~9 \T 'I ~.e fu.V\.CtllT')l\~ h(.T)
    acce~seJ \"'.eA.tlll~ ) a. v...tl dA.,k +ov- T4

    ~ ...../s,.

    -to: 'Me+~Lite. LCb4~)

    11c."J'
    10

    \J-IM

    (is a.M.

    ld~( ~"-S ave

    ob~LAeJ USt rs ~ t-dtOf..,lJll\j


    Tl.1.e re~c"'+S are s\t,oWl". O"V'\ -fi.-e 4\Cc:..oMpcn"'j ;"'5 -plot.
    lS

    cak.

    30 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    IT Code
    T1 = 80 11C
    V1 = 10 II mls
    V2 = 550 II mls
    0= (h1 - h2) + V1 A2 - V2 A2) 12) * (1/10 A3) II kJ/kg
    h1 = h_T(lfCH4 T1)
    h2 = h_T(lfCH4 T2)

    -o

    20

    1f

    1f

    10

    II Using the Explore button, sweep V2 from


    II 500 to 600 in steps of 0.1.
    (]) Result for V2 = 550: T2 = 13.63C

    o -+-----,--,------,----.--,-----.-,..-...,....---,----i---I
    500

    520

    540

    560

    580

    600

    V2 (m/s)

    Frot"\ C~) J h LT"1.-1 -:. L1.cr, ) + (Vi -; \JZ.). TlAus) Cl,S \1""1..
    T\AVlefo'f) 1"'L ol-e.cYe.tt5es QS 4.~te c-kct.

    \\Ac.r-eMes

    ~ ~ ('1'-z,) ~-ecreA&e.s.

    +0

    I. A ,sClV'v\pl.e ccdctA.{ ech01i\ U6;~~_ ft.le. Cr. -tul'\ctt"Ol-\ -fro~ Tahle A-?'
    eva l~~("k.-l'IAe
    eV\~\p~ C~lZ. tv. C.~) t.cltfi.y-~s -ti'\l~ ('esu..lt. WI""~ IT,j -f1A.,s I~+e.q ra.,+l~ is
    v'I 0 -I-- Y\ec~sar~_
    4-2.<t

    PRoGLeM

    '1.2.1
    Heltum fL()w~ tttrolA.1h it we..ll-I;" su.la.l-eJ ilD'2.Z.1e wifi.t kttOWh
    a..t tlAe 1'i.1{er ~d exit. The WtCc~s flow YU+e is glv~n.

    KNOWN:

    ConcL{:t/'o~

    FIND:

    1)ejerM't1e +I1e

    SeHeMMlc.

    $ Gel \leA)

    Xlt a.r.ea...

    DATA ~

    T: -i,o
    & -

    oc

    0"

    ,.4."-II.J.. .@ r'2.)

    (I), ~

    nozzle ~

    ---;+-

    'J7 =l1S -I+{s

    ~iii'i;'rJ

    T.. :: ~l900R
    ..

    & =50 Ibf"~~


    h1 = I Ibis

    0'+ ,:jfeo.d~

    ~ttl:{e.(:z.) HeaJ-~nsfer
    i-s ne8/isihle and wc:" -='0. (3) 1"he. l1eJiu.~ heW:.t.ve.r 4S an ,'cltAt fjo"s.(lI) J:bknf,A{
    eVler~Cj elfecfs a.re.. n~ /i'f] iJ,le.

    ASSUMPTIONS: (I). The tonfYDI volLtYhe is

    ANM,'{cS!$: From the. Wt~s reie: balaMce) rh, ::. n1-a.: M. Wiff.t ~ ::~\i)I'ZT
    A

    ~ 1J'2-

    ::.

    1'l'2,

    .:rntrot!o.cl~j

    +l.te

    ide~J jQ..S 9,V.Cltl~ &~

    W, ~T~
    v;, r~

    "2.

    sftA.i:t.

    The. ex:i+ veloci+~ it tolA.Y\c1 (.(.Sl \A1 +Lte. s~~-sWe. enef9~ ha.i.tAM.c.e
    o :~vo_~o + m [(h,-l-t2.)-rca-~Vj)+ 8 ~;~)]
    froM Talole.A-21;+ke ~(.Lfic. hea..t Cp 8/- ~elU..t.~ is
    C

    ..51 V\ce Cp

    is

    :(5~) R. ::
    '2.

    (S/: )
    \.

    '2.

    -::.

    I,2t{

    B~/(h ,co

    r-;

    + "7 7-

    2{l.24 B+u. )(bOD- 'iho)OR

    Lb.e

    FI1ally

    A ':.

    (I.~B' B~/lbmol.R.)
    ( t. >03 llo /Ut'm4l)

    o: U1hSftM,t,t: ilrt:: t!p ATJ aNLe(

    v-;. :. J2 ep ( ~ -T,)
    :.

    2.

    (I

    11/s)

    I SL/S
    ( 4,003

    (2.t15t1

    132. 2, Ib.~s2.rI176 #-tl,jl + (I'1S~) te


    I

    lbf.

    '

    I 6 -kt

    .f4-- (i,f- )
    l~ .DR (1f6oo~)

    */5) (s e

    1,*/1~2..)

    :. B. 35 >{/0- 3 ..p.f. 2.-4<

    4-30

    f<fJOWIJ:

    EW.:D.,:

    Air .fLows i1.1.rC)Wj~ '" t)o'Z,"l.le W&'~ "JI\OW~ Cbntt"'h~ o-t Hte "lt1Jet (!nJ
    J(tt, Heu.f -frans-fer f)C(.(...(./""S from tHe. ()ir 10 #Ie i5urrolA...,dJ~'s,
    1)eter-rrlIVte

    ScbIMMl G

    fl1e

    h~(A,{- f,...Q.V\s.c.~,.. pe r Ib of

    GI VErJ DA--rA I,

    -r, = l(,Oo~

    ~
    1'\o,'zJe I

    ......~>

    (11 ( ~

    ~~o

    f~"

    )-

    1(2.)

    A~~-~

    a.i.,.

    flowi~,

    72. ::: S W DR
    V't,:' 1500 -U-(s

    Qwl;"..
    hSSUmpn ON> : ( I) The c.onfrol VolLC.-me is

    volu.me.) Wev :0.(3) 7iJe air- IDeL-ta.ve.s


    e"er9~ ~n& f0fevd'(~f -ell1erq~

    e-ecAs

    ANALV$I$: To deteY"rvJ 1'Vaf2. +l1e


    eneV'Sy .l4a.(a.HCe.

    tt.t"

    at s+ea.&.~ sta:Ie, (2) For the

    an

    Qr"e

    neg

    fa erAi- i-r-aV\sf..er)

    .
    ,./0
    (
    0: Qc.v -)XIc.1/ + ~ Cl.t.-h7.\
    SO(VI~ 4r
    Q' tv

    CDntre I

    idfl~(8~. (4-J 'Tl1e. ,)...(e.t k,~e"'ic..


    Ii, Ible.
    be~illt
    0

    witLt

    ~e. .sfeAtL~

    \~2.\h

    +k"'-L;

    -.s.Ja+e.

    ~)+~ c~~~D

    Q.c,,! ~
    _ L

    --:- - "1...
    W\

    v:

    ~
    _ L
    I
    V1..
    \ \ ..... ---

    "Z.-

    F,..o- T~b\t.. A-1,c..f:


    ~ '\. ~ l'2.'1. ~1

    ~","",

    ~t ~ l((2,OQ &.w..flb Q,~


    ( lb .
    1\. ~s
    J

    <lev

    Bk

    ~ ':. (( :2."t:~., - I i~ . oQ ) lb

    Q,,,

    ~ -=. -I~.q ~~

    ~ to. "'~Q.-l.iv eo
    is 4.1"'"C>'-\, {.\..t.

    (tb

    -t-

    ((So 0
    '2..

    ~) 't../

    lb~

    11 la"',-,

    Q./~

    <.

    \~o\~ c fAA e~ ~+- "f~ to. ~Ul-\r..


    '1\.0 ~ 'l:'-le to h
    su-ro Y\GlA \l\J S.

    c:."'V\

    32.:). ~f.lb {~'" 11\.c+ lb~

    +i'Q.~~ +t.l

    KNOWN:

    Sfea.1lIl is dllCe.leva+ul

    FIND~

    De+eV'Wllilie

    SCHE.MMlC

    the exit

    LeA

    ~ \VcN D&-rA- ~

    ............,

    m
    .....~~

    -r:
    .

    '=14.7 Ib.J=/~
    =- 300;= I

    V;-= so #(5

    d. Zftusev-.

    pre~su.r"e.

    1ilIIIiiII1llIIIi
    . . ..
    = ...

    P,

    Pt4SSI'iA, ~'I'orJ.~h o:

    --ro'.....
    ,I

    (I)

    ..

    SQ.t. vopo("

    ke 2- -= 0

    2)

    ~ :.-lq.Sq 5\-u/llt
    A5SUMPTI ~NS. : (I) The control .v()/u..!:,e i~ a.-f s-fea.~Cj sfa.1e: (2) For fl1e Uir\,fr-ol
    vol-un1e.) lNev ::' o . (3) 7he eled' KUf\ehc.energlj r c )'\~Ii5L~e.tlf) Pf!>-Iet'ltla/
    ene~~ e.f..kc;f.c' ~ re n~ ll'~ j ble .

    ANA:k~~

    Arf'J'~j +k ene,~~ ba.IA~ce Q..-f s~~ s~~e -lo tJet [.,a

    o " Qcv-Xv+ m (Ch,- h..) +lr,~t- ~~)]


    Wke re,

    ~,;: M" :s M.

    h.", :.

    Th,o.s

    de-v/ aM

    + k I + v; 7-z..

    From Table '+~'1e {;lot P, ~l'l.1 IhP{iu~ 7;:.30001= ; hi::' 11412." 6/1.4./'''. Ivaser"'f,Wj

    values

    1-... " (-,'i. 5'1 BI/Ib) +(lIq

    = 111'8

    2."

    alo<f '10> +-

    ~.sOO~) l'I~SJ 132.: f:~~/S.I,,~ '::"bfl

    i!>#-v.llio

    The. pf'essu.t" a.f -Ute exi f is flt,e Sa. -kAt"a+to".,.. presSc,t('e ccf'Yespond'V\j
    h, ::. 11,. :. /I'" 8 Blu/ih. From Table A-.3c.
    ~:

    bo

    l/,f/ilA'Z..~~

    W
    p

    ~
    ';L

    P\)8LEtYl

    4- 3 0

    KNOWN)'

    provicLed ~

    DA-+ .... ,'

    Q.'I'" t'J,
    -f-<....v.." ".}.
    r-'~O:
    1)..e.+-.t~"'"'" ~A..A.Ho
    0. ... ci ~ ~:t fe_f .....01{...v.. ...~.

    C1\.

    c:;~

    at

    s-kc..et't

    f<-.-v

    fA~~ . . . To

    o.fiu.ter

    ""'-t

    P,z. ::. 1.1 ~

    AIR..
    p. '=- l 104!-Y"
    1i '=- 300 l<.
    \I(-:.2SO-/S
    A\
    ~S~U""'PI(O~t:

    S+-.b..
    e ~c..-b.

    c......

    A~A'-'(rt"':

    Co~ M/uotv~ I aic.v:=.

    ~'t

    ~ ~

    A,..

    Aa..~

    L
    ~~
    V\'to
    I

    U~ \~ ol~~

    'L

    wc:.v ~ 0

    ... A,V";
    (-7./if)

    <. lT101 ~l

    T'- ~a +"""fltr.~t"t.,T2 I ~ lca-c

    O:.~- ~v

    IS

    -t S1-c-c(7

    fO~#\'h'~ -e 1A..&r'7
    ~ ~~ ~ ea- .. cLa.....t , D.4 w.~ e:..c .....d'Cll..,J

    .... "'~
    (e......c:l-<l
    \'\-\1. ~ W\,
    ) OV"

    ~ lQ .... l

    A.l..\l7"
    't1j

    1,)"l,..

    "N\

    S~I.&>~ ~ -t4 Sc.c...o """~'c... Vi

    e..:-W-O I V'Oluw..Q

    t':; "'-Oi't.cL

    T~

    A...

    ~ ~c.AJ 6..('~~

    iQ......

    v;::. -:: t I.( 0


    16.2..

    I Tt-.

    +l.A.a

    T1.

    +L

    FO..

    t,

    strA-ft l +"-"olAj~ Wt...~

    fA..,..

    A~

    =>

    10 ~'lIl EO c:=l u S 1'':!J

    ~[ ~\ -

    h,

    ",-"_\fj1...
    1,..

    =:

    (P.)

    (~:

    ) v'I\

    (~J

    ~j~

    r~

    'r.

    (I)

    to ~ e.t..:

    +& ~1.)]

    V"'-

    i-~_.-!:.
    'Z-

    'l..

    {:.,. 0 - T o.blc. A -"2. "L


    kS

    ~ .... ~(500.lq-.:;)+

    ( 2. S 0 '1. -

    ::4

    (4.(

    o'L )

    s'L

    1M'"

    LN

    \~,W\/s'"

    II

    l l<. 'S'
    looONW\

    =3=tl. (, .( \,r Il,~


    Th e"" I

    +t r ~ e l ~ ~ V\ T(A, bIe A -1.L. ~ r h" ':. ~(., L (, Co( \t. 'S I ~-'
    T"t,..
    T '1- ':. ~2.l. 3 K ....;;:c.,..------------------

    '\ '"

    Q.

    ReA-v.rV\ \ ~ ~ E" 5.

    At.

    A, ~

    \.

    (I)

    ( l bar

    1.1'3 b.. ~

    )(J'J..l. ~K.'" )( ~('-(so ~~ Is )


    300

    4-33

    IS

    PRoGu:M If. 3 I
    ~NO WIJJ

    A\ ir -f-V"1erS +ke di.fh.lseK c:l.+ +~e. """Ie. + of 4. j d e.VVj\~

    a..,\II.e.( o.ecelern,fe.s 10 zero "elo(,i~ be.tof (lV\.-\-e".,'hj +l...e je.+ e~\",e\s Cl.>V\4.r(e$Soc-.

    DeteV'rhiil\e +ke +e.Y\I\.pertt-k,,~ e>4 ~e. aCr e\1,~\~j -\-"'-e c.c~r~s'o(".


    SCIl-EMAnC t !1rlllHl DA-TA: I
    ~
    fl No

    \l: = 1000 )l.M/ k


    \
    ---+
    f, =- o.t; bttV'"
    T. ::.

    C-,;::
    =::--(
    'I_~

    Cornpres~or-

    V-t',_---I~

    lji
    , - "~!--._.........

    B DC

    (11

    1(1-)

    v;.:.o

    A:>t:.;,VMPTLOA)!>: ('~ The c..o~tf'l)1 volume. iSGLf .sf(l().d.Cj sfa..fe. (2.) Hect.+
    f-rn.n>.fe,r irs n~ligl~Je. o..~d W(.,,:..o. (3) PofeV\+It:t.1 e~e~9~ e)'-f.0-c;fs ct.V'.

    0')')~li~ible. .(4)

    The a-ir bel-ta.ves A.$ (1.\1\ Iclea,ljCtS'.


    kNAL'i~I!.: S{~c.e h:= hc,) for CUll "d~ 94.~ ~ tft~ e.Kit +e~f:e,trQ.+u.ve
    C411 ~ 1t>u..~ b~ eVAlUO<..fI~j 11.2.. 8e~\l."\V\.lY\1 WL+'-' t-he. ste.oll'j-sWe

    ehe,r~'j bctlcu\..e e,

    o : ~~

    where. Wa, = ~2. s

    ~ >

    f-";'

    ((h,-h~) +- Cv;:~ t- 3(i!, -i!s ~

    o..V\.tl u.s I Y\j a.sSU-Yhpti~(3)

    () ~~, -h"1.) +- 4.. V;""h'l. =. h + i~-z..


    l

    From ralol..e A-2.2 j h,

    h" :

    ~81.3

    = 2.@,. 3

    k~ l~

    , tJtM.&

    t; ~ i (IJtIOCDr~ ~: I~b~;: s ~ If I ~~Is ~ Jl'~~N~~ I

    :. .3 I 'i.q ta I k.j
    IVl-fe.rpoltt+i",,~ ~~ To.ble A-Z '2. ~ T~ 'XI 3Iq.~ 1(4~-------------

    I,

    n,e 4.pp"CAbi';+y D+ fhe icJf2A1 fJ4.S 'YIilodel


    reiereoce: +0 fl1e CoYlApr.essihOitfj cl-tcrl-.

    4-34

    tAllt

    be c.keclc.eof b'j

    kNOWN: l<eklqetAJ 13<.( ~ P4SS~S +h(,ou~h o.n IVlSU lec.fe.fA d i,ff (Lsef'. Daio: a.~
    /<:n.OWI1 ct.:/:: +he. ,'nlet (A.l1d -t:.xtt.

    Ii::300 l'-of!J"",2.
    V;~O

    '1T

    ASSUMPTlONS : (I) ~e consro] voLume is a+ .sf-ea.t1fj s/-tJ.k. (2.) Titre


    hea.t mJlltfeis n~U8i1()le 'tYl& Wev =0. (3) Pt>-teVl11.tt.1 eYlel'Y.J':i e+Fe.fs fMI\d k,.,e:J-ic -eMe'-'::1 a.t

    ex (t

    c.o,~ he V1e~ Jecfe.J,

    ANM.Y$'s: The ek'l+ pr-essu.re i.s 8,Ve.I1, The slak i.r flxeJ h'j 4e:len.l,Y1I~ h2,.
    'Usfll\~ o: ,tea!j- siak erle.~~ b~lfU\c.e
    I)

    ~ "''./'' 0+ ~ [ lt.- h'l.) + <.\f;"L7.


    ~~ a J
    ~ 11.) + :T (J1-~'l.)
    where. m. :: M1. =-~ . .56h/lkj foe- h-z.
    () :: jJJ{'v - ~c.v
    ;.../'

    h ::. h + 'E....'1.
    2-

    Frort'1 Tocble

    2-

    A- Ii e) ~ Fr={()O ~:~ ... hI:: ~

    = 1l;).4lo 8k.t/lb.

    rku.s

    :i (/2.Do .ff2./ S' 2.) . I ' ' of I


    2 3 2 . 2 . IbfHs)..

    = (12.4Co el-IIJ, +
    :: ll.((.~O

    .IV\te("polevh'''''3 .iM.

    8~

    778fl--"~.f

    ahA-lib
    T()~I~ A-l"ZE"

    a.:t f"1.= ~oo \L.f/\&1\~

    ~~~~~

    h'2.=

    l4l.~O 6+U/lb~,-ve.s

    4-35

    PROe,~~

    IJ. 33

    Caroon o,toxic(e flows #lrt/G<,h 6. well- insu.(akt'l diU user {)Jj~


    to1IltUt/~s tAt ~ iklel- a~ .(xit.

    kNOWN:

    'DeteV'WlIV\e. +ke e~lt ft~ra.lurc.aMVt pressLl"~ o.M.e-l


    scHeMA-Ttc. t (i,.lVW DATA:
    FINO'.

    CDz.
    p':2.Dlbf/l'",-a.

    :.

    7; =-5001<
    ~

    _....

    ..

    MCASS

    f{~H~le.

    A'2./A, -=-30
    \/;,:zof+{s

    l ~ -1(2.)

    (I)

    V; :: BDo Pl-Is

    Al

    o\iffu,er

    +k.ct

    k.lttJWh

    I /

    -~

    I / / /

    II 7 s

    //~

    1.4- J\.\

    '

    The control volu.l11e. cs a.f steady sl-a+e.{lJ He.atfrt.tnskr/~


    l1e~liffihJe a.~d Wev =0. (3) Po+ea-ttia.( e"e~j ef.(.ec.h ave Y1e.6IitJl.ble.cl.fl tt-e carkM.
    &cox iae bet4ve~ es (l "" ideal fJa.~.
    ANALYSIS: Slhce h =-hl.T) -for- Alit i:dea.19IL&J the e)tlt temp-e('t~:kNre. c.c.eM. he ~
    bfj ev~luCt/-I~ h2.' a~,iI\)\''''5 lIJi+~ +he. .sfe~ - ~kfe.. eH~~ b~ltlM'e
    M,SUMPiloNS:(J)

    \r;' ~

    v: ~

    ,~~ 0

    D =~ cv - .,.w e v + M (t" - h7.) +C?, ) +j ~ -~."\J


    w~e(.e M1 <. rh2, =~. SolvlYlj .far 1-t~) dM VloI-l~ flNa.t h :: h/..M.
    ;/-0

    L
    _
    Y\-a., -

    whe\'"1l M LS fu
    M'\d
    -

    ,:.;to

    '(

    Y;2_ v-~ 'Z,


    '2..
    )

    h, -rC

    V\1.olecu.l((r

    h :. 310<..'2. ~

    ~bNol

    2.

    ~ hz.:' h,

    of

    (v:I 1_ v::~2 ).M.


    2.

    welSk.t. FrOM Tttbl.e.A-;l:lE..> hI::

    010".2.

    SkllbMof

    or ( 8002. - 20'2.) tf:


    1 I Lrilf
    I 1('( .01 16 1/ I Bk.
    1.
    s iJ2.2 'bf.J1s~ "l,.w\ol 7784!f.tbf

    21

    :: L{2~B Sf I \'0 mol

    In+e r pO\oJl ~g \"" T~ble A- 23 E.; 1;. ~ 563. (, DR. ~E'----------


    To ~e.t 'P'&. ) be~\", (.\)~t'" m, ~ M. ,\A..,us
    A, \T;

    '1.J' ,

    wit""

    ~'). \f.i
    ''IT"'2..

    "p v:: RT

    :~ (A,~)

    ::

    ff~(A~~)

    ~ "Po [~~)(*l~\ ,,~o ~)t5;~b)f3Io~{~)


    =.

    3 c. Oh 110+ I,v.~~<:.-

    --+,;"c,

    Fi~"JI tJ J -fk.fl. M('(.SS -/l,DUJ V'rdtZ. i.s


    \i, :. (A, V;)fj ~ (I. tf ;h~)( Boo HIs) (20 lJ..f"'"lI\2..)
    RT,
    (I SCi;?' ~ )f.SooOR)
    ,

    4~.DI ~

    :: 1.2.1" i/ol s ~<

    \-

    ----:.:...:..

    Air eXC'GlVl~ +t1f'oWljh o: t(;Kblne wift.t kflOwn ~t-l~ a.f ..;t.e

    t<tJOWU:

    j.,lera-Vtd exii-. Tne. power developed ;S krlDwn,

    FIND:

    ])efermJ'Vle

    tl1e.

    S GrIVEtJ
    tur

    ScHEMA-TIc.

    'IYttL'-St-IoiP ~e And the e~it are:

    twrA:

    '0

    'P,::
    b~r
    T;=QOOK
    \I-~< if:.
    v,
    2.

    P"2,

    =I

    "ec.rSoaK

    7i. ~

    v-;. :: '00 'tl'\/s

    A-5SVMprLONS ~ (I) The (OVlfrDI volUMe is (J.+- sleo.tl~ sf-ale, (2.) /-teed -framsfer is
    "Y\ea' il(j ible. (3) PojeVJ.tia.( eYle(lj~ e.f.f.ec:fs tlt\.& (~l""e+ic. ell1er9~ J +he. ,,,,Jet CAt!
    Q) be JIl~Jeckd.(l#) The ttir.behttVes as: a.~ id~( BAS,
    ANA-L'I~I$:

    'B~i'" w,flt

    o ~ ~o

    .kS{c.v -

    where

    ~,= \'Yl},

    'a

    a sfe.0.4.Cj-sWe (Vle~a~

    baLAVlce

    .
    ..I'~o 2..
    .". ~ 0
    W'V ... \-V\ ( (~,- "'~) +~;.\r, \ +<j (~-~~))
    .solvl~j

    M.

    .fer

    .
    W\

    w(V

    ': - - - - - - -

    (h\ - k~ ) -

    v;. ~
    '2-

    Ff'()Vl1

    Taklc2
    ,

    ::.

    A-22. j

    hI:' 'l32,et3 k.,r/I~ ~


    (32QO \<ow", I

    h1-=- 503,02. k::r/lcs . Tku~

    IJ/s/j

    1c.\tJ

    ('<32,Ci3 - S03,O"2.)k.:r/b - (JOo2.2..W\:ts~,I


    'J
    \

    k, Yh ls

    11 I k:r 1

    7.1 loltJ,,,,

    :. 1. 53 k~/.s E-<-----------------~

    Th e ex (1- a. V".eL ,:S

    A :.
    2-

    1l"~~;.

    v:

    RT2.~

    r'2..v-;.

    ( 8. '3\ '4 "-T \


    _ \.'2-8.1' ~)(SOOK)( ,.S3 \c.:5[S)!
    -

    (I h",r) ('00 'MIs)

    I bAr

    'lo 3N.f\'\

    lOS NI'(V\'2.

    I \c:J'

    l. The ctfplicab (/it, 0+ -fte.L 'idee] gAS moe1e I


    re.te-V't-Vlce. +0 -r~e. COV\1pV".ess, bi li~ chq,rf;

    4-37

    CGU\

    he c4eckeel h':j

    k.~ou:>~:

    .Ali" el<po.V\tI.$ +hr-ol:'t3k a.. t-u..vl~)\Vte. wi+"'- k,v\owV\ c.o'Nit+10Y\S a-t ~e.
    lll\le. 1- ex vt&' e.. 'ir. 11te. h-lle.i: VV\ 0.. S So
    t-low 'rl,te. 0\.""& +\A.e q>owe.r

    tteve.lope~ ~V"e .9lVe.~,


    1)e.~e\('YV\\\Ae.

    EINo',

    Sc. ~ E,MkTlC

    +'he. e')( it teY\'\p.e. Y'~-\- u.re.,

    Gd" Eo tJ 'D !rr~.

    Air

    p. =t<DO I b.f./ ilA.'2.


    T L = (SlPO DR
    ~ =-lO. 5' lb/$

    (2.)

    ~ ::. ll(.~ llf/l~2.

    The. c.oV\tr~\ volu..me.. is" 0.+ s-t~ s:~+e..~) H~tk~fer


    isne!1\\<j\\o\e..(3) k,\<\(:hc o.~ 1 0 4-e Vl+\c:t{ V\e..'l'9tj e~<2.ct.s o..re. V\e.n\\~\b\e,

    AS5lJMPTLQN$ : (I)

    rr.

    ('+) ""e.

    o..w- be,\l\.Ave~

    ANM.'1$IS ~

    $lII\C.Q.

    Cc.t 0..'"

    h:. "'C:T)

    fou..V\tA 0..1 eVtl.l'-\Ah'IAB

    o .:

    n.

    ideAl

    3Dl5

    +01(' tl\l\ id~l ~cU. J +~ e)t'\+ +e~pe'('a:\v.. V'e ca.V\ be

    6e~~",~\V\q Wl+"'- -the s1-ea.&.~-s+&Je. e.V\elf~~ 'oe.tlfA\\le

    x:.vo-W,v + ~ ((h ,- h'l.) + lV7 ~ V; 11" ~ (~I-~"l.)J

    v,)her-. W\l ~ 'oM t.:' M ;> o,,\I\d. wi~ 6..~sv.."""f+\.~ (a)

    o :. - ~ (,'1 + ~ ( h, - hoz.)
    ,

    u.. ',-!

    (I)

    h"1. =--W'-'1/iv\ ..... h\

    0'\

    cl~+o. -Cr-o-"\

    VO..{ \.\-e '>

    l '" -\-0

    (l )

    "'"to : -

    TlA.l)l--. A -~(.& .(2.0'-

    (2SS0"~)

    r ",'\-t.rpo lCk{. \~

    \'t'\

    ~~

    '","~.r~t~

    I \'-'\ I 2s\ts8.f.cAfl,
    I
    ~

    (l 0, S l b I s ) '3<.00 S

    -:. 2 \ ~ ,~ q ~"'-u

    l h

    ...

    (b

    T CA.~ \e A - 21. C

    T"2. ':. g ~ ~ . ~ R.
    0

    "t

    T"",

    --.-=:..;------------~.::..

    t. ~e. o.~~ \; c. Q. ~ \ \ \ \.y ()~ ~ to '\ ell-Cl \ ~ o.!. ""'"0 d eo \ c. tA ""


    C ~ e. c k uA. ~ 'f r e.
    r -t. -vc e, ~o {.."" 0.. C 0 .-. '(> \"' e. S ~ 'l ~ ~ l \ ~'f
    C. ~r'"{-.

    B"""

    ~~S, 0 Cl lb

    *"

    PROGl,EM "I.3b

    KNOWN:

    A sfetLm fu.rb,'V\<l. ofer4+es tJ.Jf s+~ ~fo.-fe. wif~ k""DWVl jt)let fA,1\eI
    exit U>Vldiftolls. The. J>owev- developtUC ~ The heed- tr4nster
    rode: be.fwuY\ +he -fu.,v-bh1e aJtN:1 iTS Su.rrou-Hd'''':rar'e s-f'!c... fied.

    FIND:

    'De.fev-n? l~ e t\'~ Volu.Merric -flow ('O--te.. G1f

    .5cHEfltA.rl"

    sfe.Al1-1

    a.t

    +~c..

    \"\ \e.:'-

    Cr'!I&1J 12,A.-ffi:
    I-~-~ sec

    S~M

    IW 1i1A2-

    ~o

    P, =500 11*1;1-\'"
    ~ ::gOOF

    00

    ~ ~

    fi :.O.~
    "2.::'

    .tSSUMPTlDAlS: (I) The cOrWrol VOIU.Mt.

    eV\er~j c.l.tAlItfJe5

    -Ih>\'h i" let-to ex i.+

    is

    ,,

    Ib-l hiA'2..

    O. q)
    '\S"

    a.+ steM~

    Ctht.be.

    sfa:le .~) KI~e+lc 0M.Cl Wo+elA.+14 (


    n~ leol-eel.

    MJAL'/SIS: To ea-lCM.{o-l-e ~e. lIo(I4"'~ Cloul r'cr.:fe J b~i" wi~ ~~S A tAd e",er1~ rJe..
    ba.la,Kees -fey fle ON-IJ,\fe+, onf.-e)(i+ ~, volM.~f. ~ sfe~ sWe.

    o ::
    o~

    ~I -~" =t> ~\ ~

    ...

    M1. ~ M

    r. ,

    Qc.v - Wc.v + V\i\ l(h,- h"). )

    Sc:>JVI~~ .eor +:~e.. ~~S s -C-low


    ~ :. Q,v -Wc.v

    v: ~'Z,

    ...

    L'!'t>

    +~) + ~ (yr-C"I,)J

    rtA.A-e.

    (h",- h\ )
    Table A -LfE.) 4:t p.:: 500 1".f/1~2J T;::. goooF,; ~, ':: (4l2.1 8./i.tlll~. From
    T~bJe A-3) ~ P'&. ::.O.g Ib,f/,"'1..

    FrDY\1

    l-tf:a. -4- X 1- h~., 2-

    h2, ::.
    =

    (Co"J..1.f t) +- (O,Q1)(t 04 O.~) :. (0 -z..ct. <60 E~ I (b

    Tbs

    2S

    (-2.SXiO~Bkc./h)- (15,OOO"'.p) 1
    (t<n,cl/lO -141?.1 ) 6-k.t /11,
    =: lo.CDt{t"(OL(

    'i lS

    Ibl'-'

    1'" ~V\ I -' ~C>~ T ~b le, A-4. G'

    Q.i-

    Pc

    a ~ T,

    ~t. volu.W\.e. -C.loaw ~~~e. ~+ ~c.. \'" ~~{.

    (AV)1 ::. ~
    :

    6~1 "'1
    "'-e

    ~ -: (l 0,(,1.( (0 If ~ ) (l.(t{ I
    I. $"1 (0 so .c.+) I", <:
    )C

    v-. ~ 1.4'i l {;+'1 I

    i
    (s

    lb.

    +~e.."\

    '\t)

    (AV),

    PRDf!JL.EM 4.

    37~

    I<IVOW#J: A WGIl-'"vl SU lafed steArn tLu'b,he Of~ra;le&. d ska.t0- sfttfe wi}Lt Ic.II.CIPJ\
    il.t/~t OM" e;c;t (;()Ylelt"f,Ort.s. Th.e pow~r"" OlA.fpt-tt ().KJ. Mo.U flow raJe a.re

    .sp.eet-fied..

    f/N'Q:

    1)e-kr-ml'~e fhe ;Y1/ef prefsure.

    ~cbfeMMlC ~ 6-lVEIJ DMA,:

    STettvv\
    r; =3C60 DC
    V; :: 35 MIs

    I II I

    ,
    Ij1.J-L L - - - / W~V::. 23 MW
    I

    '~ I

    turbl

    "

    ne

    P2.:: 0.0" hen'"

    / /17/-- --

    1/

    saJ '1l'OfJ"'"
    ~ =((0 '(tits

    2.

    I 1/1 / 1 m :

    ASsVMPTlOAl~: (I) The ~I V6lume. is


    be n~ (ec.:fee(. (3 J rh e pck 1ft fl t{ ( elAeY9 ~
    11 IeCfet;l.

    es

    <.(0 "ols

    1)"

    0.:1- stea.~ s+t:vfe. (2.) Heo.~ frrA,nfte,...


    cl<CL lU) e .from ,,~le t: +0 ex ii: CA /1\ h~

    eAV\..

    n,

    The +e~"Q:"""('e (~ lcnoos o:t f{,..e., '~let. To tlK -lice illite'" sfafe.)
    is deterfl1'lIled 'USli1~ "m.Ct.{;S Q. \'\.& e~e~~ ba.laMce.s. f(>f' ~ c.ot'\trol V8l.u~
    ~"~"
    .
    ~::a ~,-l1i1~ -T' Y\f\'::~2.::rtt\

    trN),{,VSIS:

    ~o

    Oh\cl

    v:

    o =A~v - We" +

    Se>IV'~9

    vY\ [(hl-~'Z.) +C'

    2.

    v-; 4.
    ._ ~ 0
    1r) t-9c.J1"~2.)]

    -'2,

    for h,
    V:~\T:2,

    hi ::. ~
    trom T4bl.e A- 3
    ~s

    ......

    h'2., +- (

    '2.

    Z. ' )

    -krr stJl~rdeJ.

    ()'3MW)

    h\-::'(yo~ls)

    1'0

    kW

    \Io.p~'(" sd: fz.=-o.o"

    foa.-1'";

    h2, = 2S67.~ levI/CO'

    - l(~02_3S~)M"3, I1~.m($'1.II

    ~'IJ +~S'''7-'f~)+

    2.

    ti

    'N

    l::.:r
    l03N-W\I\

    ~ 'S1l.{q.O bJ/~~
    In+eV'pola..f-I~!t

    ;It\ Thlok A-tt, u>'d~ ~ =~CDO c>c

    Pi

    2 s. 0 hit\'

    ~<

    k, =. ~1L('i.O

    l,~(~ 9\'ves
    -I+-

    1::>....+....

    Ic:~Ol.4,lN',

    a.

    l.t.I 1M (,.""'-

    t--J~

    .E/~O~

    D~~t'~t'\e.

    SCI+~f'Y)""tlC

    ~t" c.. +~,..blV\<"

    4'e pl"'ov;c::l.ecl
    .e.-ac: tp" 1'\ c:L.' ~

    <!GllJe~

    f't.- fo~r ~-e v Lof-ed..


    J)1'\7fl-:

    (i.).

    cv ': _ I'=> B~llb

    Nz..

    Pz. =. "Z.o l#of /; it 1-

    PI ~ Sb \bf Ii..11j ':. \000 oR...

    Ii :. 1-00 0 It
    \fi:. '2.HIS

    \Il ':. 'LbO .f-+lr '


    ""D I=' '2..;..r ,

    ASSV~PTIO"'C;:: I T~ c.ol'\-h--ol VO(III-'1-e \1-1.01.4)1'\ """" +/...L. rc.~ lAAAh'c l't -,+S-#e..d
    s-t.-I-t. "2, For ~ ~~\ ~LUw-t) ~ ~~~ .......... ru~",hoJ.. -e INlr31 fr~ jilt let

    ..fo

    ~;+

    ~ "'t'~' j l'b le, ~,

    cLuc..:"'5~

    rt.

    ANAl."r'$li:

    ..

    ~tv

    0::..

    v..h" __

    kJ.' +vo~ "" ~


    \Mo.a.jS

    - W t v "'"

    cQ tv "*

    o..~O

    L~\

    ~ l ~t -

    ~ u..-La. d 4.0

    ~""et"~'a reo ~
    1

    4't -+

    t:L-..c.c::!.A.....J

    AS ,

    10" lAH.U"j
    ~

    4"L+ 'If';~

    -+r-,,}]
    0

    v:'l._ 'J;'"J
    ""1-

    1M

    =
    e"'~1 d.o..~

    It- -..

    5'1.J.Rb ] -to
    [ _ t'=-ISI~J[O.
    S
    ...

    7....&..lt. ,40- G~

    O.S"T U_/s
    A."

    cl

    Clic.v:

    e. ~':\-le.t

    (f. "'11 't - ~B''I''i) 8~


    s L (z.~..o\ Llo/I.rwo/J lb ......

    rL1.00#'s)2....

    O,S~

    l -If. +7S.44 ' + 0.8J ~


    at- L~~./h \\ 3~~S

    3 -1.3,+

    4-41

    (:z.f.tt~)2.11 ~ L.4 "'of


    \\.f- HI s

    l:---':""':":z.--=---

    ':'

    (Qev/~ )(~)

    ..

    4~ Sf! "f

    '2.

    f>W-.I]

    11~ Hllof

    14tJoVJtJ:

    s+u~ exp't~s

    c..o\,,\(.l.Lho~ ol.'re

    fhro&.l't,

    A.

    we..tl-,;"'su 'a.fed fuyb, Vie. (nlerGl~d ext-\-

    -rke. exi,t oli~~e+er is 5\-Ve.~.

    k.lA.Ov..H 'l) tl'r'\Gol

    F I t-J p: 1'10+ +"'~ rowe,,"" Jevelor4.~ blj +~e. +u.ylo\ ""e. Ve..Y'HlS ex 'tt ttU.4t l+~ .
    G\ ~"et..J 1>A-TA '. \ \."

    Sc \'t5/v'\A-TlC ;

    \\'

    F=4MP4t:~o~v- \\

    ...!-

    I, :. 3 2.0 C

    (I)..
    \

    4 ""P",

    \
    stelA. w\

    eu.rbj~e

    \/;::0

    t\.

    I-'-+----'

    P2.: O,D7"'tP~

    v;, ::'10 mls:

    '\

    \\\

    d1.:. 0.<0 rn

    '\

    o.er ~

    x~~

    0.07

    /,0

    ~SUMPTlQtJ.s: (I) ,ltte. cowrro! volvne.i.s Glt: .steGl.d'j


    Sfa.+?(2.) He.A-I -ff'QVlS~ is t1~Ji,i1oJe.(3) I<I~ehG e""e~~

    IAPa..

    e:tt

    t1Ae.. Iwl~t ~I-\cl fo-te ....-h.al eV\e('B~ effects' Are. Yl~lifJilole.


    ANALYSIS: To cA~rM 1l'\E, +he p<>WQ;I(', U,S(L tke eV\e~i b4lGt"tce, at .5hA~ skk.
    ~~~ We v + ~ l(h,- ~z.)+~~:~ )+J (~c.-~1)1
    w ker..e. M, :. ~~:. ~. Wi+h t4,SUV\f\.ph.o\;\ (3)
    (~)
    Wtv ~ 'M rL (~I- h't, ) - '2.
    ~]
    ~

    EV~hA.,*, ~j fl.-le

    +low 'l"o.ie
    -M :. A-a.\l;. _ 1l d; \f;.
    yY\ec.SS

    "1.J'"-z..

    ~ "\J"-z..

    SAMple. Ca..lc.u.l<&~ : X:to.'iJ p-rorn Te.tbl.e A-Lf at f, ::: 4~P~ ~ 40 blAV) -r; : 3 2.D .c.~
    we. ~e.t IA ~ -:. 30/ S,~ ILT/,c:s. Ft"'OVh Tc;tlo/~ A -3; "\1'2.:' ,.03')(/0-3 + (.ct I( 2.. 'ie-oS - J,03~Xti3)
    ~'1f",.-::'l.'~8~~IICj' .s'lMi\",Yl~} h'1.= 31&.70 1"(.cn(~r283.3) :'2'13/."1 lcS/l~. ~OW)

    fravrJ

    (,~ J{)

    Now)

    -rn,P\ (,~)

    .
    7\ C.l, )2.'M'2.(o.a 0 vvats):.
    k /
    ~ :. .,.
    AC :Z./ 2 8ft, ~07. ./",,)
    lUI'S
    j.s
    "'::J

    W<v< VI.1S ~) [<3

    01

    S. '/- 2 Y3,.7j:;

    ~ (,'12 7 k.W
    7000 - " . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    6000

    4000

    'S~

    3000

    IT Code
    p1 = 40 II bar
    T1 320 11C
    p2 = 0.7 II bar
    V2 90 II m/s
    d2 0.6 11m
    x2 0.9
    h1 = h_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    h2 = hsaLPx("WaterISteam", p2, x2)
    v2 = vsat_Px('WaterISteam", p2, x2)
    mdot = pi * d2"2 * V2 I (4 * v2)
    0= -Wdot + mdot * h1 - h2) - V2"2 I (2 * 1000
    II Using the Explore button, sweep x2 from
    II 0.9 to 1.0 in steps of 0.001

    5000

    ..

    -C\:1~:I, k~'~/$~1 !~~: IJI1'~~ I

    =
    =
    =

    2000
    1000
    O-t--,---,--,.--,---,---,-----,,.--,---,---;

    0.9

    0.92

    0.94

    0.96

    0.98

    X2

    4-iZ

    PR.OBLE.M 4.40

    I<NDwN: ~Mev-+{()WS :ft'1('O(A1~ (J.. h~dr(,lulll~ +u.rbli1:- wi~


    ,,, leo#- ~ eXtf. 7lie power- o~:fpuf IS ..srec[f,ed.

    ec-Y\ttt::fUhr5 etffl..E.

    ])~feV'm ' ' <:? -the. rna.<s oft ow t"a*e.

    FIND:

    SCl+e.MMIC

    trllleAJ

    PA-rA-:

    6$'lJMPnOA!~ :(1) Tl-r.e cowir! volu m


    a;t sfea.~ ~fure.(2) Hea..t h~sfer is

    'YI.tJII:Jibie .(J.ll

    l1~!e",W

    K,~et(c.

    ekerqj

    C().1l

    o-t +l.1e i!"tef. (5) rAe.

    et- ~r",vHq

    1$

    is

    )(9'i~'d,'-e.. (3) ~e$ ;1It ~Vl1pe~o.~re


    a-i&. fV"eSsu,f.e trort1 iVller fo ~ tf' ar-e

    af'Ltn\

    kltov4t\

    1, :. Tz. .: 2-D Oc-

    R::: P2-

    i I -ll. = lO.""
    ~I::t\

    b-e.

    W<.v ::. 500 ic.W

    t1c.ce/~r

    ~ ~q. S'

    (.@I.6frJ.fII.,i. j j =f.8( ~ls. ~

    m/:s 2-

    Vi ;: 10 yv,ls
    1JdV4~YrJIS: To t/~c( HIe rYlttss ftowrak J b~,i".
    energ~

    nvl-e bo..lA..-tces
    0::.\'\1, -~"1.

    ~l::' ~h ~ ~

    L.~ We. + n:..

    0 =

    w~er'e. -the. eiA-.ffIudpj +e,YM

    is

    (pi4-"'. .s-lea.J.{J sfrA..1.e.. ~S5

    tA.l-\d

    1/

    [<0:) +4)t-'J (~.-~z.\l

    c()..t'\ce Ued

    beco..u.re 8'f

    ~ssu"'pfi~ (3). SolVI~j

    Wc.v

    "r- z:
    ~ +

    5 (i!.. -e;&.)
    (5l)C lc-W) f

    ~ \~;~ f

    vy\::'_-~--~--_-":"'''':'''''';~--'';'''''------

    (-~~)~i-l~.8IW2.)(toW\'\)lllN

    .11 'lc~

    )J 1~""'sl IO~N'tv\

    10,'-1 0 0 Ic.jt s 4l=<----------------~

    4-43

    P20&6M tI.4/
    JqJOWN: Sf~Wl ruses .j.-1.1.V"()~" p.. wetl-l"'su;(a.fe.d ei(-Iv"~cft~ -kc,Yb,;'e wi.J.-i-t kvtOWM
    col\d,.ifltms CLf fte. I~/et ~~!.:>l ii-s. 7te. power oul-('UT is gt.VtWt.

    f,Nt>: D.e+ev(hl~e (0.) -fhe. ~S"s ..f~w v-a.+e


    of

    tke cA.l.Lc..t

    w~e '!'e.. st~M

    is

    e~ e~t+", aM.d. Cb) +ke. c;{L"YMe4e..,..

    0-+

    e~fy(J.c+eJ...

    SCf4.GM,j--Ttc. ;. ql vs./tJ .:l>1=Td:

    -I---~ ~ tJ\PA. ~3o ~V"

    400c
    --t>

    r, = 3MPa

    I
    T, = 400C
    I
    CAV)j = 85 m 3/min - -

    2"

    P2 = 0.5 MPaJ
    T2 = 180C
    V 2 = 20 m/s

    ~UM(?TIO")~~(I)Th~ (oV\W"'o, vol\A.V\Il.e.

    ks a.+

    s.+~~~ s.~-J.e...

    (2.)

    b/ea.+

    troM.s+er i~ n (l.8"'~ih'e... (3) KIIAe..ti.c ~ ~ofeNJ t-iC41 eVlev"~~ eueci c.a.~do.e


    n~/ect~~.

    ANAL )lsl.s:~)To cA*(ml~e -the ~ss flow w.u\-e s ~'2. (A""J ~ 3 ) Ioe~ tlA. WltlA
    v-Clk bGll~c.e..
    J~o...
    .......
    ~ = VV\, - W''\..-V'v\3 ~

    e, W\fA,>S

    UStv.,

    &to 4.'" 10) wi+l.i

    :::

    "

    ..

    O,D~q4 V\'l3/1<.~

    -tYOl'\1

    JI' I;

    -M \ : '" \T""l.
    : (85
    ""'1"",,,,
    'U""l
    c. oCicti
    M3/1~)
    Wi""'''' ~\ ~Y\..owV\) (~ ) \l\4StLuO
    u.s,"'~ t~e eMetfSlj 'l'c.e.tez. ~fA.\~IA(.e.

    ..

    (~)

    W\3 :. W\, -M..

    M\LA
    <. 0 S

    14

    lA.V\ 1,-\I\.OWhS.

    IQIoI.e A-4

    v.,
    .2.5 -;jJs

    A~~ev- rela.'+"LO'1"~ o~~ee.(

    ~O:)lc~-W,v" "" (L..~~)- w...(h&f~~) -"".( "3~%+'3~)

    wl.tev"e -K.-te ,t\J..i c""te~ flf2..V"~s ec.V'.e. detQ.-fecl bc..s-e.& eV\ +he Q.s'Ut-t-ipf-u,y-s. ,.~
    <9 ::....

    W,'i -\- ~I ~,

    W\~~ (*) \ WQ..

    o ': -~(;v +

    ~'2. '-' 2. - ~3 ~}

    ('*~)

    +0 llDl,&)~
    ~ \ ~ \ - M:l. """l..- (~ \- W. 'I.) '" ~
    (Q,V\

    '(~~e. (.f(.A'-) ~,

    :. - WC\1-+ 'tV". ('" \- \A ~ \ - M1. ( h .. - ~1. ')


    Soh, \~ ~ -f.o..r 'M 'l..

    'tv\ '7.. :.

    - WCV

    -+-

    ~, t~,- ~~)

    (~7.-"'1.)

    F'(0\1\1\ T~~\.e... A'4) ~ \ :. 3'2.3o.C1 \c..:I' ~ Q.~ 11\1.': 2. 8(2.0 k:r Il,,,. The $pec.t','"
    .e\l\-t\A(A\~ A..t 3 is J.eJev'M\li\etA US\~ ~ -ft-oyY\ lodo\e A- ~
    '-"'?'::.

    "'~~ +X~ h~93 -:.

    \51.'S3+ (."I)24l5.CJ ':. 2.32.5.6 \c..'JU'j

    4-44

    PR03i,e~ 4.41

    (CQHf'd.)

    j,IJserf,VJ, va lMt's
    .

    _ - (II

    :too /<w)

    I I~: I..
    J

    t\;12 -

    (Ii. 25

    '~)( ~ 2. 30.Cf - 2325.1') 'g

    ( 2- 8/2 ~ 0 - 2. 32 S".

    :. ~.D8

    '''/s

    '=

    11088

    B)

    Ie.

    JfJc,

    ~/'" 44

    ~Wls.

    ~OW) WI.}~ ~'3:' M \ - oM '2..

    M
    (b)

    A+

    ': (\4.1..5 ~)
    \ 3_
    ~
    S
    I

    e~

    .,+

    2.

    \1\

    1- "088 = 40

    1:\ ...- - - - - --M~.,

    2.''2. 1c:.9

    wi.+~ AA~..wot'-1 Talole A-t

    A : -M--z. "\,)2.
    c..

    0 0

    ~
    I
    {' 4
    OIL. =.

    -:

    (3,08 k5/S )(0.4045 M~"'-)

    (20 'MIs)

    '=

    0 .Ob"2.3

    V\I\~

    A:;'

    IT :. D.z..82 ~ 41.......- - - - - - - - - - - - - -d

    4-45

    'l.

    PRoBLEM 4.41.
    KNOWN:

    Sfu.Yh p",s~es fkro~'k ~ el<+...ac+L~1f\ -fu.yi,IH~ epero..l-l~ J ~ state


    with krl ow iVlJe t ().~a .exi+- COVlk""fi O'Y\S. The. powt.,r- oUfpuk is spec.t+l~d.

    Deferm.v,e (al Hte.,M.I-et ~.s flew rak,(I,JfI,e dlaMe..fe.rott-ke-eJ(+rActIO)\d.uct

    FINn:

    SCU.EMA-TIC.

    --t>

    GolVeN DA-m:
    1

    \.

    c!,,_.t"""':;'S:'''~ v; ~::cP9lu.1~

    p., ::Ihoo Ibtlililt. ~!:;

    ~ :. loooOF

    :'::-:";;~;,_,,

    .\:;:~~,;.~,~ 3

    "~-' '"

    'Ii: 2 f t '

    ~.::1. '2.2 tAl


    p~ =. I(PO l/rfltJl\'I. /

    .s

    P3= I IJ,flik2.

    o.ss
    \fj ::r ISo His

    X 3 :.

    '1;. = 'tsoF ~

    ~= LDfHs
    ASSVY"'PT/Ot-.:>S",

    s+a.~ t,

    eijec.-ft

    ,.

    ~ 1'1- ~1vo1

    VOI<Jf,;UJj

    +"-..

    ~"'c..to,,.~

    ~ .. +

    +r4ill..t~

    (-tA.rb,tI1e.

    S\ ....

    ~I)

    o-pply

    ~ .. /.:.l ':. o.'l.L

    ~~SJ' rA~ b""lAHce:

    c....~ ~

    ~3/~,

    = O'TB,

    I't

    s~

    AT-

    r-o i-c .... n.....c...

    A""~

    OA'~ l;\e~~lbl~,

    A~A.LY~'IS:{6.) 10 ~fI\c:l

    T ......,

    VotlJ_~

    C'o""iv'Dl

    tl"t":

    -t

    Mz.+!N\3'

    ""~t.l ~fl17

    4."'\

    -ell'o~ ~ b .. l(.l~U~

    r
    1..
    , r '"
    v::l..J
    lM"L~t~] -\M:rL 11- ~
    r ~ ~ ... -.s ~t'-(>
    o~d
    Co ttv- pi', """ 2..
    ~o/vcy

    O-~v-\iJev +~,C.~I~
    ""Ir.u.. ~ ~lt'",,"....t ~

    "'(>

    '5:1-2. ] -

    "a

    d2..

    KNOWN~ .'\\r is c..o~p'('~sse~ ~+ ste~d.~ .s+(.(.fe .f.roV'V\ ~ ~\VeV\ t~lti,d ~+Qte. -tOeA.
    ~ \ V.ev\ +llAA I ?(e,sure. T~Q. M~>S .flow is lc.t.-t.ow",\ J ~\A.& e~ t.(,tAl t Qf ~A.~~
    L\\A.c1ev00e.s ~ ~ec.if\ec.( ~'(o,e'-5 "11\ 30""j '&o()'\ ill1let -+0 ~\.t.
    ~'. :D$vtv\''''e. ~e c-oV\\.r'fesso\ -Y0wet('.
    SCHEMA-TIC

    br\VE.tY :J:>A-TA ~
    tl)

    ~ ~ I ~(lV"

    - --

    a~r

    ,
    I (,)

    1 c.ompres$or

    h1 :: 4 /c..3/ s
    ([)

    - -. -

    t-

    -r, =300 J<:.

    ~: & "" r'"

    ----- - ,

    W'v: ?
    Q(.>I/tk ~ - 4fo.~S Ic:r/l~
    300 1<.
    1rS~UM PTLOt\JS~ (I) Tke. CO~+ro~ VOIc.A.V)1e.. .is ~+ 6.+eC4.c:ltj sk4e. (2.) tee.cU l..ll'\\.+ ~ 1T
    mCtss UH(,l~r-~()es o: proceSSaesc.V'iJoe.e.< b'j 'P1T,.2.7::i:.mest~1A..-t:.(3)ru C(i,r c..a.,.1.

    be. "Y1~~e/e.~ tt.S C(M id w..{ rJ~s.(4) J<.,iAe.J.i.G a.Kd fDfeytl-ta.1 V1~"'~'J e#evfs a......e.
    VI ~1J~llole.
    l(NALYS/5: To
    m'~e +,"e poweor) be~(lA. wi+-~ mltSS Q.~J e Vler,~ rate, balances
    0.:+ .sf~ .s.-I-((;Ie
    v: ~~
    0
    0= Gtv-WCV+ M [Cl-t,-f,,'Z.)+~)+j~~2)J

    cl*'.. .

    w~e(e

    m
    l

    M-z.: ~ ~d ..,..l.'t(~ ,~icQ,+J fJl..n'YlS are tA.e,{efeJ

    fLOV\ 4. Rea..vV"~;~ iVtAd SO~VIII\J

    W'V

    -for

    Wc.v

    bJ

    &tSSlA.MP-

    ~ rV1 [( (xc-II/oM) + Ckl-~"l. \ ]

    (~)

    JJow.l sfU2' l:f ic.. elA#ta.lp,j 11 t i..s r-etAd. from Ta.ble A~'Z.2.. a:t 300/<.: t.,1'::: .30D.I'~.
    To 9'* 1i ) we. L(.Se. ~. 3 ..5'- wi+-'" Vi ~ /. 2.1

    -\....
    Ti7i: -_ (&)'~
    ~
    -......

    -r -

    'z. -

    (Pa.)
    '.\'. ~.~~
    r: ~T.-- ("T]
    (300lc::)

    I/ltfe,~ po/eel-l'ViJ l'~ Table A - 22;

    h'Z,:'

    -:.

    13'L I J<

    ii-c. Ilc'J/k,. TII1.5er/.l~j

    VA

    l(,(~$

    ,''''1

    (~)

    WeI):' (4 ~) [(-4(0.'15 f)
    + C300.ICJ - 440 1) ~] II lc.W [
    ,

    I
    ~j

    e,

    -750

    Ic.VJ.
    4

    K~/S

    ""qt/
    ~

    l.--

    The a.,ppJ ;c'!loi Ii+~ of r-Lt~ ~deal 9(J..S WIedel


    t"'e 3eiltevalrz,u-( ~ress~b' Ii ~ C-fA,4.rl.

    I.

    C(A. ...

    be cl1ecfte&t "':; reter~lItce 10

    -n-re jIl~"twe Sl~~ .fer POllJeN'" d~/lto/e.s eVleV'~ tJ -Ir4~t:ev- b~ wade 1id2 +ke.
    ceVl1r()/ v(?ll.(.~e) as ey:pec.fetJ..

    2.

    4-41

    PRofhLeM 4.44

    KNOWN: A wetl- litl sulal-ed ~ .. r CDmpr-essor- c>~raks tVi.,.", /<:H,Ol.\JJ1 i..,/efcu..etek:i.t


    $f~;fes. The itt let volv..rne+ri<:. flow iaJe is t'tlso lc.l\.OWJ1.
    f~e.

    Determ l'rle

    E..lAll2:

    SC[f6MA-TIC

    c.om P"~6S0'" powe.r-

    Q.V\c.(

    +he. ex'\+ voLu.Me-h-ic. -fLow atk.


    p

    frWJJ lNtTA:

    111LL"--'-'-I-I.1./

    C>.\r

    -r, ::'hOF 2. { ~Ir


    compressor 1/ 2.
    I
    ~
    I I
    fj ={Ll, 2. Ibof/
    I
    ~V""JI='200f+o/MilA I~__
    _ _:~
    1&.1

    I UJ UiJ~ It'k1.

    .2

    1;.= 500 DF
    P-z. :. 120 IbfNIA2.
    1', =5200~

    1/11111111/1

    -"""'Il~.-1'1. 2. l~f
    _
    I~

    L..-.

    CD

    ftS5LJMeTlON.s~ (')

    The. cowiro! volume is ai: S'I-ea.dlj


    sfa.fe .(2) HeQ;r-#rIA:)\.sfer is ne,ligible.(3) Tke a..w- bdvwes
    ~ s 41'\ ideAA 3a.s. (If) t< I;'" e tiC- ~ pok",h~1 ~Ylerrj ~ ciA.e.. ~eS'

    frOM

    +0 ex(+ CCl.tA.l?e

    lhlet

    wi+Ls .s~~ .s~fe. M~SS

    o =JJ::vo- We-v i- ~ [(!-.,-hl.) ~~)


    ~ n.12,. :. ~. .sol VI~' ~ W c..v

    v; ::.
    To ev~fCAC<.te.

    ~ ~ we.

    E-t. 't.1I b ClM.d the. ldflAl fJ4~


    R 1;
    (.'t.2 lb.t/t",).) ('200 U3/~II\.)
    I SliS off.tloe) (S2.00~)

    _
    -

    w;fk.

    h, ~ 1~"l. 2.;

    6t-eA/ib

    ew.c(

    "D lI\I.\iAIf 14'4


    J

    ill\'l..1

    \ f.J2.

    \.t'l. ':: 2 '31.0b e~llb frOM Ta~le

    I.-t

    ~lA4+~ er.sMk

    - 530Cj 110 ~

    Ib - 1'1<.

    '- 9 !il

    We-v ~(S3()~ ~ )(IZ'lIZ1-231.0')~

    ~ eke~ ~ h"Ut\;fleS

    p,\4V-1

    :.

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    1"h.llS}

    +' lyi2,)]

    [h l - h~1

    \'\i1

    m = (b\i),

    1T

    Yle,jledeA.

    ANALYSIS: TD fl~d t~e power, h~ lV\

    wker-e.. .".."

    '0

    I kp
    ~5'1S ~/~

    A- 22E

    -222.8 ~F.4-----------------"---'

    The e>c( t 1J'OLuW\e+Y\<... -How r.".trt l$;

    (;r\T) 'l.. :: ~ tT-z.


    =- (5 30~

    :.

    ~ ( RT
    '
    p

    lh/~) I (~

    "0

    0)
    1/ooR ('t~o ({

    off.- (bf )

    1S l.(S
    7-B."71

    (1'2. 0 llo~ll~"l.)

    f\\.\'""

    f-'- 2-

    t't'l

    ,-""t..

    =2(0 2 .f.j.~/ M\'" .(.

    (A.D~

    1. 1~ arpl..ca.l,il~-t~ Dt ~~ id~ ~A-S Moc.l.el

    ~eV\e,\ftMl ~4 coV\.\,rrt'Ss ~~l \ \~ ~rt.

    2... -r\te ",e.~A.t\ve

    Cl~e~pe(,+~ .

    5l'f'V' ~ -rowe-v- o\e.V\o~s

    CfA.\A.

    ~e c"'e.~eJ. 11~ \'"~~ -to

    tWL

    Q.~eV'~ '1 1r-aM-ster- I~+O ~ UTt\+r., ( volM.~ I

    4-48

    4", o.~'

    k.NOW~:

    co_pr-eucr oputde.s ~,~ Itc.""~~,,, ~C)""ef", i"" \-e.\. Co ",-c(lko",s ( o.~

    ClCo~" ~"e~\u.re.

    tiefoey m I Vt E'. -tVt e

    E.ull.J). :

    5CWcMMtC
    ~I'r

    'F if-

    f-e -.. pe n:A. -k.t r1:-

    W:: -lO S

    GlVeN DMA '.


    1- - - -

    U\

    1, =f'lODF

    q =.(~.s IbfH",

    V'.\I4-e."'r" Clw..""&'CL. a,-d. ~t. ""t4!--\-""'''''s'',r


    (A." e o.l\c s ~ e c l t-~c.ot

    1\\& '",le..i

    IA"",~ ~n 0 ~ ~\ r .c.low

    ,..J.c. pt.r

    -,

    "3.

    (AV-) :: ~O ff3/S

    kD

    ~v

    2.

    ~ ::50 Ibf'/,iA~

    cOl1-\preSS'Dr I
    I

    r
    P, :: Nt 5 lI.f I i~12.

    ~~'

    __ I

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    T,

    =sqOt<:

    ""U"

    '+SS()MPTIOA1~:

    (') rt-ae ecnfyo( vollAmc! i~ 4f .sfeutJ..fj Sfo.fe.. (2) \<\~et-l.c. <l",-d


    (]) r.ot-e\l\.tio.l e~e~Cj. Ck.~~t2S .froM \V\\e.+ ~ ex\t ""rc \l\e~li~ibl~.(3) T"'e c.dr"
    ~\-vwe.s AS

    Ct\l\

    ,d~l ~Ct~.

    ItNMHSJs: To f,itld fLte. c.OftA,pr~sso(" PC>\.\Je.f'" b~i .... wi~ .ste~ .s+a.~
    a. ~ eY\eyg~ Yoi4!. loo.lAMc.eS
    0

    D= Qtv tV ~eYe.

    ~.

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    I

    Wtv

    V\l ~

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    ~

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    r\, ::. V\~).

    _ f1

    "\J",

    lAV-).
    RT,

    ( t4.S1h.f/I\;\2.) (
    =. (

    2.,0

    c5115

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    2.8.'7

    l~.R

    St.tOOR)

    Us~~ cl~ .c.~o_ \oJ:de.


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    ~
    l k,

    :; llDO. \ \5t-", (lb

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    \ 0.. "-"

    ~ -e \ 't\ T 0.. b\ e.

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    W t

    ~ ~ 'L ': l <00. l ~+u. I (b

    T't,.

    R ':::t 0 C\ C> F 'llli:E::---------------=-

    Pt<oULEfv\ 4:4,b

    nD-{~

    ft:.NOCAJN:

    S+~~~

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    Are

    O./-e,.."""".-u

    F,Nu:

    ~ = S bo: r
    T; =IOt'c

    fZ "2'2...

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    (I) 1- -

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    ,

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    to~~'('e.SSO'r I

    opt>raf,'""

    COll\Af"UJ,sor-

    n~

    flv

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    c.ow.pN>SS'CJY.

    F;. = iLl bar


    ~ ::.qo oc
    1:>

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    = 0.05 We"

    1]"

    PrSSUMPT'ff5: en The c.on+rol vo!t.t.W\e is ~+ S~(l.d'j skfe. .(Zo) Po+eV\Ha.(


    eYle\'"9ye evts- ca.1I\ k l'\~lecteA.
    ArvAL.,(,&.L~~ Ntrf\V'j -thAf Wcv j t\ejA-nve. ~ a CO:"'r""'~O(, I i,k" N-b. 'l
    ~~,.-+ +rA"'S}w-- -k,cr- +"- c..o:-l"'.s:tw &.? (r,V~'" '0'1 QC.V= O.OS Well. FUr
    S ~~ - S ~
    ~-erA ,p'(JV\) -t ~ IN'<<~ S A~ ~ -t V\ e ~~ '1 r t<
    to At "lAo-:, ,A..a....(.ve:..t. +0
    to)

    o =2::l

    <Ii <II - \.V ev

    -+

    ;...l k -~,
    1

    .;., ...' :...'"" '""

    Wcv -: @.O~ We,,) + ~ l ~(- L.h. ..

    '2

    'l..

    if; -"l.-V'-a.

    A.

    'e L )

    W _

    J ~ c." -

    ~l\-\I~2. -\- \fa"-

    1Y-o-. T~ A- q, V\l'= 2$1.21. ica/~" Vtl. ::.10&'.l.>O /GO/i=d) l1j


    "'l.: 0,01.1..11

    1'Y\'31

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    1.T,

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    '7T D,2, _

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    =().OqcD't

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    0,0.,cr . Y\'\)

    '2.

    ::. t<o. "LIt.(

    e-

    ~~ll:dJ

    ::.

    1<tJ/~ilA : O,2.10~ k"ls

    I l S 1 '{ 10- '3

    ..... 2-

    i ' "

    O"~I'{, 'f. (0- 3 ~2.

    Thu..s, tke. Ve.-lOC.l+;~S o..t +k \1I\\et Awl. ext+ are) '('esr~c.-Mve\j


    = (A\r) , =(o..~ M J /~l~ )
    I ""'\A..I :: (O.~ I vt\ Is
    \
    Al
    (1.J.SllCfO "S~'2;~o..sJ
    \ r- __
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    v.
    -l ,07
    ).
    A'J"
    (0.11"1t)C IO~ M oz.)

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    -n (

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    ~t. r-eC\\A,~re.~ ~c>"",e.r

    _
    Wc,v -

    \\ +"'-etf\.

    (0,'41 0'1. ~) (2S1.1.1. - "\o<-.(,o)~ +

    (lO.'t.. -\q.Ol"')~IIN
    '-

    "

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    I]

    11\~:r

    (~ .. /s~

    10

    tJ~

    O .. 'lS"

    (0.210"1. )l-'iq"~Q + (-0.

    =. -

    rt)];r

    o.ss
    l L(, os k \AJ

    "3"1 llc.I
    (klJl
    I~

    ~ -1\{,OCl ~

    Ww

    lIIIIiE;lIIIIiE;;~-----------_-:':'"

    4-50

    t<NQWN~

    A Re4-r;'er~t I3I(Q,roMf~.ssor- ka~ btOt.eJh c..O'V\.tLt.t,o-MS a.t tkfl. illJfef 4IAJ


    elite The I., Ie t \to 'tAM etri -?Low ra.f~ ~ tt.,(C. (.AVVfYe~or p:>wer per
    (,tlA.it Wl&l'S of ~:fyi, entf,(..i -(fDWJk' an? also sftU-t'f,ed,
    ])ef.e,rrnIYtQ.

    EftJD'.

    t 6-1 veAl

    ~UeMA-rtc.

    RefriSt:.r~xt '~'(o..

    I!

    IODC

    ~V-)l

    ~ea..+ in:uute r: r~.

    OA-rA:

    (-

    11 =3.'lbar

    r;::

    the

    - --I
    C4MP~SjO"" I:

    2._

    I -,

    ~: 10 bC4.t"'

    12:: 10

    Dc.

    =- 3.0 w?/mi", llc:-:=-==-=~=-=!_:


    w~"

    :::

    -5S.J, k.'J'1

    k..9

    "'CS'"

    Y\I\

    The c.oYl +roI volu.me. is a.t .s+ettdCj sfu-fe. (2.) I<IIi,eftc a.'Vtd
    pofeH.+iQ.( e",ery~ ckttl~e.s froM iVliet -10 e>e;t ca.n be. 11~/ec.+ed.

    IrSSUMPTlDIJS: (I)

    AN4L8SfS: Toflilld +We.. heat fraKsk,. raie , be3iIA. w;+Lt sfel((1Cj dakenet"fd'1
    taM.t{ h1.lt., S rak lood a. a.tc es
    0
    ..
    '
    [
    ,V7 ~(t.'1.
    ~/! 0
    D = ~'V - W~V + ~ (h ,- ~'L) +~ ) + ff(y,-2~)J
    wker.e. Wt, =- Yl1 1 a ~. So,'v. ~j

    G,v ~ ~ [(~) +(hz.-h,)]


    To eva.(ua.te. LtYl u.SGt Ei 4.11 b ",~c.( da.:h~. ..for V; fn,lI1
    J

    .
    \'\Il

    -v;

    From Table. A ....l:2. J


    1kus

    Qtv:

    3.0 ~a/W\iJl\,
    o.a~57bn-i3/~

    <AV-),

    (CjS.t.l.

    =-

    h, =2SS. (oS

    = 45.(02

    lc::rlJc.j,~

    V\

    ~Q

    \- \V

    e, S

    k'

    j/rt\lV\

    ~ 'l.. =-1a~ .1tL (c:1"/k.3

    ~) ( (-55.:1.) + C~o~.,'{ - ;l.SS.t. S~ ~( ~;~",)( II ~s

    ': -0.( '1 k.WE-4i

    ~e

    Thhlc A- lJ..

    t.~ ""

    ~\ ViA.\- ~ +~~ ~ e, ~ ~\- +~ fA. ""-$ C-e r-

    l~ +ro","", ~~ sy)\.t.-~.

    4-51

    &.,"

    'P{2.c13LEM 4.48
    lc:"'o~",: DA.+A ""t'~ prov,ded fur "'"
    S-k.-d'1 S+A k' .
    F/~P: D~ W""""'N -H-- ro~t' ~ uu'.ed
    )"c I-t~ M

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    7":

    f',,: 1oUof/i..1-

    P1. =Sf) \ ,-+/,'", 1-

    7i":o "31.oF

    1i: S8oR.,.
    "i.: So f+!I

    1), -;; ~jrl,

    ~-::. 3o.ftu

    AS~u ~p TIO
    '2. PC>~""~.....t

    I--),s'.

    ,.

    <""fa"

    -n-

    c..o,..'"'iYrJ1 Vol v~

    co,

    6'0

    L..ow..,

    ~~t..ft c....- 4..t ijlA.lly-ecl . .3,

    e.,.., j,AA.fAJ,r.sor

    op~p.j,'n, a.:;t

    e.c~"'tN'.

    i~ tty ~CSu.('f' ( f M-- S~ I s.ft,.k,


    Co~ i:o ~c:la.Jts.d ~ A~ ('cU.-f ~,

    AI'JAL.""SI~: S; .... C4. -t"- c.ott-\ ~U'W' f~1v;j'#r o: ~ ilA,J.)-f"14- ~ 7vA"'rh--fY~ -t'N c.o~(.f'~SW &00.
    ~J
    (Qc.v::. O.'l.Wc.v ' 70 Co\loth,,-.{-f. Wc.V),yJNu.
    {M ........u
    A~~ ell\e rh rA.-k b-./A"'u.o

    rlJ.e.. .

    <9 '=- Qcv -

    W c." + ~

    :: (0, C\ t}.)

    o.~

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    '8~ ::
    ~ s

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    = - 2\, 8 ~ 1 ~~s 1\ Z~~;~/k I

    ..,.~
    fr~<u:te J+e~~t'C.)a",-cA. v~l.oci~j ~re g\ve\l\. p(~sSu.,,~ ~ veloa~ CAfe

    i~\-e..t

    <aec..s .1$

    M0'\-lttc;ute

    k;l\)OWN:

    wt\Afll"esseot W'l+~

    \,\e.st;Cji1,le 1Aea* fY"a.\.1s+-er. A+

    6pec,fiecl Gtft\1e t~t+. The -power 1\l\~\A.T l~ kV\.ow(\.


    Elt-Jp: 'D.e-k'lV\A\lI\e 4-1.t.e e~ IT 1-eV\AP em+u..re ':"
    .
    5CH6MKr'C. S &tVE.1J DarA:
    I II.! L L~ (I..I! L; 'W,,/ ~ -llO k. W
    Ilr
    I
    I'
    D : / " ' A r C / 1 II.
    W\~fh~V1e
    II (2.) rn =4.5 IutJ M."l
    n
    ,.
    9-2.ba
    7; .: 2 S c ::2q8~

    I 1-

    'r-= IS Wl/s

    I.

    co~rV'~SSDy-

    I, .

    II

    v-;.. :. qo HAls
    7;. ~ ?

    J/ / / / I 7/ Il'/,

    A?SUMeTI()~S ~ (I) Th.ecowfv"ol

    vc){.u.n-1e, <Qc.I/ =-0

    fA.1I\d

    yo

    I'Z. -

    volume is ~+ s-l~ sfafe. (2.) Fo"'+~e c.oYl-l-rol


    pofevt+ia..{ ene'{'j~ ef+ec-ls re ~e.~JJ~ihJe .(0) Tf..te Meft.ta4te

    ;deGt.( 9ec..s .
    At-JA-tYsl S: B fj a~$'c.H\4rh~ C~) ~ h l. = h CTz.). 7kLlS) usiJ4j elltev'lj &U\.d
    rQ.,t~ b~la.lltces lIVe C4/k solve -rev-- lI\"1,. tJ.M.d k-ekce 12.. -rkAfc:S

    (f) 0tt$

    C(l;\I\

    foe Mode-led

    t4S 0\ V\

    MA ..

    .s

    o =-/tvo..0cv + ~ [({;,,-h'Z.)+(V7~~)+5~~7,)]

    ar:

    0 =

    -Wev+ W ((11.- L,~) +(~ ~~V;)]

    The f-e-rm ~1-h'2.

    C.<.A..t

    h,-"'2. :.

    be el$.flY"essed
    ~

    i7Z

    'ep(T)

    ,'1.1

    .ferms

    (:)

    of cpcr) as follows
    J

    dT

    ~'~
    rOible 1\-2/. Tl1~ fe~uL+ wou..ld ~ A. rO~homi~J t~ U)~lck T, woe-Jd he
    (.{ Lo1.lLlA.A)WVl. USIJ":S ~ feev..Lt l~ c~jV.JI\c.+l~ wi+~ ~.(~) J ~'" 'rteYaJLAie
    procecLvtfe.. ~ ~ e~~+Wvt.-$olvi~ U)~~ pr01'YQ/M. wo~J be.

    One al-l-twvv.l;I-we. .fo e-v(l.t.uAfe. f1A..e

    I~t~

    ("~)

    rat is use rWl. +u.Kcl-tinA foy-ep

    V\eed.ut .
    A- ";JNP ~ r q..l+e
    i.s .J..o u.se +-~e l--JLT) f-t,tlAcfLM for W1eft.ta.ke
    t Vlc. ~~ e. d ;'" iT) o.s {o l row ~ :

    yV\,,+we

    IT Code

    T1 = 25 + 273 II K
    V1 = 15 Ilm/s
    V2 90 /I m/s
    mdot 45 160 II kg/s
    Wdot = -110 II kW
    0= .. Wdot + mdot * h1 - h2) + (V1A2 - V2 A2) I (2 * 1000
    h1 = h_T("CH4", T1)
    h2 = h_T("CH4", T2)

    IT Result

    T2

    =359.9 K .~

    l . The o..pplicabiliHj of+l.teideA.{~(A~ n1ot(.el c.a..1.dJeclAec~ul bj r-e,.feve1Ace ~ +\.te.


    COI/'A.~'fe>S\ L,\.\ \\-y (:~ 'ft.
    ..
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    ~
    '0
    o ::: Q,., - )KJ(V + W1 l (Itt,- h-c.) +l\fi ~\fi. ) -tj( y(-e~D

    w/-/-.a

    1.1 1- ~4::;
    ..

    1> CT, -Toz.)

    Qc.v -:: ~

    [Cop (77- -'1) -t-(v;. -:: ~]


    f

    (40o~ IOO"z'\~1.

    = (O.1I32.~) L(D.ql{ ~'I<)(Sb({.B-300)K+\:

    2.

    -)Si)

    q ~~ (~II JOI'~M<\1\ll~%I
    I

    ..

    : 5~. { !c: WOC!!!<------------------------

    4. Co ,.

    Pj2.oBLE M

    .,~ pro v,'c14 o:l fo r: 0. fe. cI. <-vA. j e r: he?.. fe..... ~ t- S' ~ e4 a s-M-ff.
    De~er"""""'e. 4'-'e -,.s') C-t o-w ~ .. ,., ~ ~(. ''''' 0 -~~ V'fA.{Jor S""r(..lJ,._ I ~"t.-'
    '0..-\ A..

    ..

    ----11

    I
    I

    1
    1

    Liquid water

    e-,

    <.( S 0(.

    111/

    3bo..\

    "

    1
    1

    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    J

    slb

    Wt l "::. ~.'l. I o t" I'"

    Water vapor
    2

    '11..0c.

    bo...r

    v3

    Saturated liquid

    ~ bo.('

    ASSV(VtPT/OfoJS',

    Th~

    c..o... ~1

    VO(VIfMi"

    slA.c.""'.....

    -t-t-.

    S'-t....&""" ..

    h'c.

    v.);:.1

    ~fc,...d~ s-fale.

    FD-r -tt- e:..-.-.~ VO(U~I Wev -=-0 ) o",c:l ~,~ tr'A....S.f-..-- w,'+k ~ tC.A4'ITH/",et.''''i S
    ~ ~ ,~",o(ed,
    ~lIlehc cuu:l f'o ... "'h.....t ~WV~'1 ~~dr tIlL/fro CAk ~ l1e"t"c~d.

    2.

    A~Al.""''i>I~:

    -:CIA

    At s+c..o:ly S'~ +~ ......-S', ~ Y.> .. l.",u A-QAc:L.<3


    ...
    . -~,
    o -=- """\ + W\z. - 1M! ~ """ 3 ~ "'" I -+ """2.

    M~ci~d

    ...

    !Ml':. W: 1 ~ 1M 4

    o ~ ..:, ~I ~

    lYo_T~A-Ci-)
    w;-\1,. 6'1' 3, I t.f

    c.M,.~, - (..:,..... )~J~


    (,,2.':

    0." cL

    .....

    ~"':'I [~~~~~]

    ~l\o.l ~'Jlk:j. fVfl\A-T~A-31 113=5lot.41l='J'~.

    cL..-\-

    fr "- '"T~ It - L

    W\'1.

    4-,t>8

    PRD6L,e.~

    <1-.

    {p 2

    SeplA.r..fe

    KNOWN:

    I ifUid SrreAmr

    \/6..pOf" tlna

    t>t f<efrt;e.md 13'1a.

    pASS

    iJl\

    (;O{.(,Vller .flow TrOU.1l, o: we 1/- ,~sJ,(laAed ltteC<.t e~(Lc.a."1eV". J)a.ft4 a~


    {<:n.own a.t the if.Alefs an&< e)(if~.

    De.ref"Mii,,\e fue ek"it- +e.Mper~furQ of tfAe l(~tA,o( S~Wl.

    FIND:
    SCH-CMArlc.

    ("lI/eAJ DA-TA:

    R-l34'-t

    T\:: O'OF

    ~//II//////////I
    ./~ 2..~

    --

    I}

    .... I

    1/

    hea,t

    II
    If

    -,

    II

    Sed, '\TUf0'<'

    elC<.ha~e.f"

    ~3 1i.:: 'OSOF
    _I
    dV
    Ii : l f#O tu: i",,~
    1/

    Py ==- P:J II,


    lu::'11/7/1/////I//////11

    --

    'tV'\ ,

    l'\I'\s

    sre <J..d~ ~fr..te. (2.) He.tt+ -lmnsfer


    #Ie. Stuf()u~dli1q~ C4IIl be YJ.e.fJlecl-ed '-kef ~cv.::o.

    .tj-5SlJMPDQN5: (I) The con+rol vohune i.s o.t-

    be+-wee~~e. ~e,,+ ex,Ka.Jl~e,..a.JAJ

    (.3)

    '<''''ehc. ~V\cJ. poteVl fia,( e~e'9!1 ~fL~t:S ~'M ,VlIet -1-0 eklf ar~ \1e"lJ~ao{e.

    trNALYSJ&: To f;){ ~ If J
    to deferwt tVte Itt If

    heoilA witk s~ s-fp./e. "l'Yla.$S a.nd etl.e,~~

    bo,lqkces

    h" =(l-l,- h2-) + h 3


    Frof'J'\ Talt" ... A- '0 E; hi::' 101.-,5 Bktlll. 0Jvt..tJ.. 1',
    iLA Tttble A -12E j 1.,2. =: /05.7ft, Bfu./ilo.

    Skfes.3 o.a.teC q.

    et,"'

    (Ar~ raSO n f#hJ-e.

    w;f~

    h3

    ::. '"

    ".0

    ~&f
    J/A.~polo.h~j

    =21.2-03

    " .,./\",,2..

    J:(,t'krpoI4""~

    bol1A slAbcooleJ 1;1V.i~ S1ttf2s. Tb.e. -fotlOlJJlwq fi1Jd1rcJx,~a~Umr

    h3 -;;:. ~.f~T3
    hq ~ ~T'f

    I 6kA I IIr,

    = (t~)f,..,s I'''''

    fn,M Ta.ble A-LO e:


    IDS.7b)+ 1".01

    = '+2 IJl1AJu,

    Talofe. A-tOe.

    Tit ~ Q3.7 F<

    Ty

    4- foCf

    PRD6LEM 1.#.(,3

    I<NOWN:

    l1ea.f excfA.o.tvjer.
    .s!retJ..M.
    FIND:

    2.2. puSS ,'V\ S~f't:tra,fe s!re(J..f,S -f'hroW1h tl.


    1)a.frA.. OAR.. ~ttOWt1 a.t+""e t"nlefa.'A.tl. exit: afea.cIA.

    Air a.nd Refr-iferfA.lA.t

    tfAe "7\IW.~S flow raie ~/ ref-n~en:ttd al'\J


    rtt+e of. 0Vle~!1 mKs+er- frorw the ~ir'" fo+ke re.frL~erakt.

    j)ek"'Mt~e (0.)

    Sc UMA-71 c. g (j l "E:JJ 1)MA :


    A-~\""

    1- - --.... I ..- heat ekC~l\tJer


    I

    I
    I

    ~\I"")\: 40 W\3/\M;~ _~.:


    T:.
    2'7{;. :. 300k
    I

    Pt :

    I. I

    2.

    btl,.:

    - - -

    T'1.

    =IS c

    F'z

    =I

    2881<

    bOor-

    3 t<.-22

    PI.( :. "1 ha.r If "

    t;

    (h) ff,...e

    p~ =7 bw
    X =O.lb

    ==JSDC

    !rSSUIIIPTtONS. : (I) The c'on+-r-ol VoLuWle 'is a.t sf-eiUt~ sfttie. (2.) Heat-JrrJ.ttsFer
    from ftte oufside 6>r &e ~etilt el<dta~eY ~ VI~I;sible/~ W,v =-0.
    (3) 1<IVtefic a.1Ad fofettft'a,{ et+ec.h C(LK be n~/ecfe.d.( If) TlAe a.) r be~ves ~s 4J\
    ide! ~A~Ja.'CtlK be vet'ified b~ retet'e.Vlce +0 flte. (.O(Vlp~sslbili+y d".4Yf:

    ,he ~~s flow r-aie e.f. r~fri,v(u1.t N; ~efe.r(l'l,~ed U:S"1-' sfeaAfjsfft/e ~$S aKJ etl\e,V'~~ ho.l4&4(,e~. Flrst l S'I1c.e tke a~r (A~ refr,~et"'lut
    flow as sepArate. str.et:A.M&

    ArJAI.8:>/S: (0)

    1'Vl R - l 2. :.

    ,
    (hl-~7. \
    ~(1~r \: "' ... - '3)

    T~e -rn.~CiJS

    fLow ~te ~t ()."r is tol.\~ 'U.sl"'J t:t~~ A'.t ~e inlt OM.J. +~


    id.elA.l 1(}.s e.D\l4ti~ ef- sto.te
    ,
    1'\AdtN-:'

    (A \J"') I
    P, ( AV") ,
    -t.r. ':
    RT,
    (I. I bClIrS) ( 4.0 Yh)/M~~)
    8.:H lf te::r \ (3DD
    ( lil .en 1<1'K.)

    :. 51.l'

    K\

    1<5/1')\.1""
    4-70

    lOS N

    l'i'h7..11 I kJ" .

    I bttY'

    lb 3 N-V\-t

    hI:' 300. let IcJ"lI~ fMl\eI.


    us t Vi ~ dfi.:tCA. frur'h TecbJe A- ~ .

    From

    TlAbJ.e A-2.2)

    ~~

    Atttt!) from Thlole

    A-

    h.f3'"

    =.

    ?c'3I,ftj3::' SB.o'l f(.U9)


    l.1"f:' 2 56.8 b 1c.J'"1 ~,

    <t ..

    t"t\ ~-'2 '2. ::.

    h'2, = Olee, IS k\f"/~, FurJ-heYj


    (lqS.foD)

    = ltlf.S4

    1c~/~

    -rkLlS

    ~300."-2&--K.IS)
    ). S".~" - 8. ~ lJ

    (5 f. t( k,lw.lk)

    ::. 3. ~"1 3 ~ I tI.\.\"" E

    to1

    t'O.-l{ U( ev-

    '----1
    I ,.

    a. cowrra! Volun1e Qwclc9sfHj D~l!:l tkQ r"efr;~en::utt .streAM


    ,

    o ::. G.R-l~

    .I . , dR-1Z.

    ,
    I

    Q. 1l-1.Z ~

    n-;1l-'2"Z. (

    !-t 'I - Lt '3 )

    =(3''''3

    ::. b IS, '0 h~ / h\ill\ ~

    ,I- --- I

    n1 R.'2'2 ( k"S - h 'i

    I
    I

    k.5/M.llf\ )("~~.6b - aQ.3'f)kTIl"

    COMMWT= For o: l.OVJ-Ivo1 volL<M-te. eVlclosf'lI\,

    Qt1~"

    Ohly tke a.ir sl-re{A~

    :: h1t:cw- (~'2.-"")
    ='(Ul

    k-~/~11A)(2 88,IS -300.f~) kJI/~

    :. - "" S. 3 k.:t r/ MoI.IA.

    Tk.us) <Q.~-'2'2.::' - Q.G\"t" )

    &\.s eKpecflZ.&'.

    4-7/

    PR,oBt..E M 4<D4
    ~IVOWA1;

    F> r

    Rcft',,~rA'd 1'34 ....

    t.u"""c~ OP~"'A1t"'"

    o.f~

    d.Q,.+",,-

    Detr r _"'e

    FIIJf>:

    flows

    the

    e",'c

    -t~ ..S~ .".


    pr--oll,cl-ec/,

    ft'44p, r ,.ft.tr~

    ""-"'Jo~;"....t /D'P~

    ..... et

    l/eloc..'io-,

    Q,.+ s+e-cl'1 .s~J

    )Q"'d.~

    inlet-ve:loc:.d"y.

    sd. V.pOf)
    ~8C.

    ~,,::

    I.T""-a C~~\

    A.sSVtl"PTloJ\2f:

    S""4-e..
    po~

    .~1rl,.'t

    filr .......... ~hl

    l..

    ...-\\...t

    a2cv = '3.4l<.W

    lr'l'.jl4AA''''

    .e~~,

    SIS:

    7Z1e ,'i-tle+

    fr~ ,>1./.-4-

    't

    m:

    A, V;

    'G":

    Al

    7\ ( e , 04

    v; is'

    oM :.

    \It.'.

    ''''

    c..

    W\ "\.1,

    S,";";I t1yl~

    ----.
    'V" l

    :r'" ~"r

    -.

    elC press. 0~.> -tr, MA.J.


    lA..1A.lc. u.clA.1'YL.

    acv

    ~ teo..d)'

    +0 ~c:: 1M&. . vk.

    - ~'"4.

    v-;- M'e

    ::. "20.7 2

    1M / ~

    oCl-4~

    \f7

    V\I\ ') :a.


    ::

    Wi" cs .fofJ.o-ws',

    _\. \\Jr-_

    --.,1

    ...

    '\J"'20

    ---"

    "\J'l

    k: ~, tfo~)

    A-K04-h-er Y'.ela.fl.~ is l)b~l ~ ee-f

    o=

    Do.t

    ~~ ~

    ""'C C

    .. VV\ v,
    7t cl ~

    (0,0','1 M)/,,",)

    ~k.J ~()M. ~l

    ~ ~\T"';" _ j<1..v;,

    I'S

    flAil ~Cj,S V"a..f~ lta."u.(C~ ~~rJ..tAccs


    lS ~U.c>w.s~
    ,

    .fro Y\A T ",ble Jr -I 0


    ,
    \,. ~ 4('7 "o/l\4lk) ~~\:l
    v,

    11;

    o .... c:l ikue

    is fov..1IJ..

    '"\.1",

    wi+~

    Wcv ~ 0

    .ev:,'t,

    to

    A.J- sf e&(.~ ,stAfe


    VeloG('k,

    l/O'u~ ~ 4c..v"'" ~ +4 'S'c"-t-. h'c. '-s


    VOL~W061

    '0, [
    ,
    ~
    V'Y\
    ( .., I

    L(.S

    1J' (T.. J P... ) ls

    I'~ +'ko. eMeV1f'j ra:/.e

    v: 1...
    +( ~ + j
    V;

    1.

    +
    1. )
    ::. cQ'v+ W1 [(l.,1-~1.) + ~~v;.)J
    'Z.
    .. '"

    I \'\seV'h~.s k\l\.f)~V\ v~Lue.s J 1~c.lIA.l.ll~

    1.1'2..:'

    J. )

    bttlauce

    l"ozL'!0

    ~ -'C~ ~

    hi .frDth 14""~ A,to

    I (,

    k.,) I'~o~\"'l
    o =(-a.4 ~w )1 ' tIc.~/s
    k.W +~';JV\
    s [ (Z.42..~4 - h ~) (if
    ~y
    ~ {(J.O.71. Yvl/s)~- ~7.) t toJ
    I k,:r
    \

    2.

    II

    I&~ '''''''I s'&.

    10 J N \M

    1]

    Wke..,e. h 1..: h (T z..) f'1- ) .


    ~lI.&t+h\s (*) ~ (*=",) c..tMi\. he solved ~\~l.ll1tA."eou.slJ be" '(.e-4e.r('lV\, +0
    To.b\e ~'L2.for v2., ~ lA~ ,M +vMC~ Qf T z.. ~ j>z. 'T'\.Vl. }'(ocas is
    I te1'~{we.. To ~VO \c.\ l.+ev-a.+c..<rY\.) / T CJA,.&.1. be ustlCt e.f+/lG+we~ ~ AS teo llows :

    4"72

    PR'06t.6M 4."4 (Cqnl-d.)

    IT Code

    II Data
    T1 =-8 11C
    x1 = 1
    p2 = 2 II bar
    d = 4 II em
    mdot = 17 II kglmin
    Qdot = 3.4 II kW
    II Determine mdot
    p1 = Psat_T(
    T1)
    p1, x1)
    v1 = vsaLPx(
    p1, x1)
    h1 = hsat_Px(
    mdot = pi * (d I 100)A2 14) * V1 I v1) * 60
    f l R 1 3 4 A fI

    f l R 1 3 4 A fI

    f l R 1 3 4 A fI

    II Find exit state


    0= Qdot + (mdot I 60) * h1 - h2) + (V1A2 - V2 A2) 1(2 * 1000
    V2 I v2 = V1 I v1
    p2, T2)
    h2 = h_PT(
    v2 = v_PT(
    p2, T2)
    f l R 1 3 4 A fI

    f l R 1 3 4 A fI

    IT Results

    :--------------------'l.

    T 2 = 4.976C ~ 5C
    V 2 = 24.08 m/s
    ~
    V 1 = 20.71 m/s

    t 'rnes

    c.~ K
    A-I2.. ~e

    "",(t.tes

    -trOrvl Table

    v~V'i/i~ V.SI~

    rest.tlh

    &j'.s

    c*)~ (*>t) WI'+~ da.-k..

    COWfA V"e, "~Y"~

    4-73

    4. vorctbl.j'

    PRO/l>lt6M 4.

    I4NDe.vIJ:

    es
    i,

    WQ..f.ev-

    i+ pc.,se.s -fiA..-o/;(Cjh "- so/c.e.tI" cotleclor.


    +Lte. V\1/U.s -Clow rafe of wter ~ -fke ~e.t."",b~r sf. ~a.lltmS of
    V\eGt.fe,e.{

    De-k(ml~e
    heal-eeA f.c,u;c;fe,,.- ~t

    FltV1>:

    SCUM4T1'-

    A.(

    , coUecfbfS" C(l..1It p'('()Vtae ;t,t

    -.30

    I'M' ' '

    j 6-'VIJ :PArA:
    A = 32 ft2

    ,4stJ "",,,noNS : ( I) The corafv'o I voltA me is ctt

    ,
    G,Vl :.

    s.+ea.d.~ s~i(l. (2-) FoY" +K coYlivol VDUAVYI..)


    'ttJcv:o 4e-( klkefic. (4~d t:>a+CwkAI
    e~ev"g~ ef.fecf.s tllfe V14..~II' 'ble. C~) ThE.

    ~ beLw.ves a.s
    s ().~~~Io'tce wi-tlll Co

    ,')\

    )rNA--L'IS/S:. Tht. ~~~ flow V"~


    eY\e('~y \oC(\o..l.\ce.) 0..<> fo llows

    o~

    Q.(N

    W~eY"~ oM, e, ~ '"

    is tAe4eN-tt\\""-QJ.

    m . w..\.+~ Q,v ~ Q'''' - Chos.s


    0::. 0.,,,, - Q
    + ~ (~\- \A.
    '!.

    ~.312.ob. ~,-~, ~ CCT,-T~)


    ~

    US(~5 f{A.R. s+~~

    ~-J0 + 'IYl l(h l- ~~) +~\~:')


    \0\$

    CD IMI~

    4_ At 110F

    ~~~<}---

    150 Btu/h . ft2

    c..oV\(P'('~SS: ihJe
    c.9QQ 8~/ lb. OR.

    lUll
    2

    ';1)
    ..
    Water in

    to

    -st-+e

    ~(~l-~)J

    ~VJ. ().s>\A,~1\o"""

    (3)

    7. )

    1r~:). "T"kMs

    &"..... - Q l o~s
    C (T,.-T ,)

    ~,(O'N\ the ~\"e~ ~ J Q,.",::. (\SO eAu./L... ++~) (3 2. +t~) -::. 4800 IO~/~ o.,~
    ex \~S '::. (,'3&:.) G"" =. 11'l..~ l5M/k. I~$erh""j "A.kus
    .
    ('1800- li'2-S) e\v./~ I 1 h i e
    .
    Y'tl :.. r,
    ~ I,' i ~ b( 'fY\ \ ""
    Y'Y\
    C
    \.1 1bw.,/lh"Il) (30 e.)
    ~o ~\""
    . . . . ~-------:.-;..
    [t'!

    )0 Wlli..., Oke c.ot/.ec.:{ot' C~/;(

    ~ :: J t~ eli
    ~

    lVk.eV'~ 1T~

    'X

    ~ At

    ::

    (51. '3

    Ibjutfe~) (0.0/'2'1 ~')


    v

    71w.~ I~ VOltAMe

    V:

    =.

    is

    Vl'\ 1r2" ::

    provide -rite CDUow,'K.j

    'V'
    /(J /4D o F -froM

    (1.71

    I~

    )(30

    MI'"

    0. MOlA.IA.+

    ~t"") = 51.3

    of 140F wa..Jg,(':

    IblC()Ueclor

    8~1

    O./1J"B -#

    To.bl.e A- Z.. J:', cAC( (.t'j I +o-r et~l.d"

    31 =6.25 ~teClW>/'
    ~/edr.::

    co Uec.;fofS

    v** :. (8 (.f)L(ec..tot"S)(b .2.5 c:~laor) : . 5D9'/ <

    I. 4J+e.vVlNh~p~

    ~. a.l~ COlMa ~ 'III.vol<eJ. -?o ob~tAA mSQ.we "~su.li.

    J!/-74

    v**

    4.""

    p~O~LeM

    'DP--tA.. Ar~ pyoViod

    kNowN:

    spc>".P.ccl +e""tp.e"'A~"'e..

    f=/i'J'D \(4)n,r 41'

    .241i1l.d ~H'

    -fev

    f<41N

    de S~p~rN. ~ 0pe.r-Dh""7 ed" SfeA~ r+o..~.

    tA..

    ~ e. ~"'IM-t'1rl e ~
    ~ .(bJP-to1 ~ Lte;v.cL ..".....U ~fAJ ~V"'''''fu.$ ~ f-'ljv."cl

    fr-+M <,,-I-'v,''''f

    ...t,''i v.'d...

    1f~A.\1J..r-t.
    ~c..~MI\'TIC ~ "

    ,,~,..,

    'J)1t

    711:'
    T

    v
    A.tso "",p,., 0 "-'&: I A c.o~ +n> 1 110 Lv ~e.
    (I..\- I o.~cl 't.
    --.;. _....",b ~"3 i4

    o.~ cl.

    ki.....\- -T-r"'-"'t t-v ""'L~ ~ ~",r",vl'\oli ~r


    ~(,t1 c..&-. U I~ "'-Or-e cl -

    .e",.rji

    A"" "'\,.'1's\t:
    1'\.'\~

    q It' Co (0 S , '" 5 ~ d e r VI' e-t" ~ CP +'" IA.\.I e ~


    0.* Sfw.,cl,s+--f.t. 2 fi,..+~ ,--h-o\VDlv"""""J Wcv'=O

    T""-e

    \Moto\t

    ~Uler.,y r"",t~

    c..,...,

    -..c

    t::c11~

    ~hA.lA.lo\f..t "-* ~-f.e4..,\ S~~

    b .... \Arle..t. ... i-

    &~el1

    s~ ~~

    n'c.

    o.to\ c:l

    pot<"' h....l

    W-1+~1.:'~.3,

    10 Ll~:

    ~~-y:; *- ~,[h, ~%~J+ ~~L~~t-~ytJ - ~3l V\J-4~3J

    O -- ~ ,h\ ~ ""'" ~ '-\'L -

    t tN. 1 o\-~ d ~l

    IT Code

    p1 = 30 II bar
    T1 320 11C
    mdot1 = 15 II kg/s
    p2 =25 II bar
    T2 = 20 /I C
    p3 = 20 II bar

    CD

    ,.~ ~r. d.

    h1
    h2
    h3

    =h_PT(IWaterISteam", p1, T1)

    =h_PT(IWaterISteam", p2, T2)


    =hsaLPx(IWaterISteam", p3, 1)

    mdot2 = mdot1 * h3 - h1) I (h2 - h3))

    4-75

    IT Result for T z = 200C

    =
    =

    h 1 3043 kJ/kg
    hz = 852.4 kJ/kg
    h3 2799 kJ/kg
    mdot2 :::: 1.879 kg/s

    ~.~

    rC'Lllt U> MfGtY-es ye('j .retvo r&(~1 ':1 wi+lA +1Ae. res lA L+ Qf ~ r+ (""). -rltw.s \'()l'~
    -t\Ae. OO\'V\flA.+e ...... ~olM.h(ho\ ,,~~~&l:LteJ ) use. ~ E.xplore butto\l\ CMAel sweep
    T"2. froM 2..0 +0 2. "U)0c. t~ s+~r~ 'Of- LO. Tk-e.. re~uJh'~5 tAcd~ 'l ve (.A.{J;i!c1 it:>
    C(JYl6trlA.C 1- f1A.e. ~ lLow', ~j q>lof:
    I

    2 -,...--------------:l

    1.5
    (j)

    -.

    Cl

    .l<:

    0.5

    o +---;-----r---r-.,----,----,---r---;,-,...--""i
    20

    40

    60

    80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220


    T2 (OC)

    A=55UMpnoA!S: (I) The c.ovttn:>1 voLume lS' (A.+ .steAt1~ s/YA."k. cz.) Held- 1'mttsfe.,..
    Wl'f~ tlAe S(,4.rr-ou,~in,s is 'YJ~Ii~;lole,a.ttltl WC:v'=o.(3) k"iAetlc (JM.J. yolea-rha{
    elllev9f:1 ef+eck a.re Y\e,Ji~i,J,/e-

    AtJA-LYSl s: To feit\o. W\Z } be<J ill\ wl~ #1e. s~5~ft: muSs Wt-lt( eken:J':1
    bAlaKces
    ~o. ,:./"0.
    2,

    \fi ~
    <0 =-)c(cv
    r M, (h. t ~ t-c;j ~,) -+' ~ 2. (h-z.+ ~ t-~~)

    -rev

    \];2- ""'3 (h 3 + ~ -t

    Wi-lk

    m, ~ ~

    1i;~)

    M 3 ~Y\& ()'''iSu'~''''':O'k (3)

    1. :

    o ::: f1it I h. t- rh 2. h"l,- (~ ,r Mz.) h.3


    or

    . (h.-h 31

    ~I

    W\'Z" =.

    Fn:>n-t TtA.b/~ A - 3

    h1-k,]

    7j ~ ~ec;t a.t 7 bar. l+ef,tce I sl-a,fe.


    U~lih~ E~. 3.1'1 ~ do.;fo.. froftl Tobie A-l ~ /.f1.C
    J

    f". 'Z h.p (r) + 'U"fL,) [r -

    p~(r)]
    ,

    :=

    I is ca~t1esseJ Ii~ u14.

    VIS." k'J'II'j i-V.008b XlO-'~)

    1111()S N/nt
    7- O.082fo8J bo. r
    f biAfr-

    ! IO'I kT

    N -""

    ':. 11 fo ", k:J"~

    Fu,r+he..r, ft-OM Tabl.e. A- 3


    V12,::' ~h.+ )("Z."'f4'j'L

    = ~'t7.2.2+(.'81().o"".3)

    '=.

    21Z,'2..2. kJ"'(~

    h3 : "q7.2.2. k:rtlCj
    h"'OI.U~

    \'\1

    'L.

    -: (70 kjl s )
    -: /8.0

    L1" .ft, -

    vn. z2

    t- 'i7. 2.'Z. - 2.12.2._2

    l~/5~<

    4-77

    Two d-u.cfs e.t'"f{1'''' ~~r Ii... a. ".e,.,,;I..ila+~ s~s.Je.1IIl lttl~r1~ '~c>hE'.. ex.it
    dusr. :PC<. f<A.are k,-III-OWY\ o.t tLte. ,.. . ,efs tl ~c:i ex i+.
    D.ekvorhlVa e tt.te e.xit +e~~ra./tA('e tMtd +~e. ditlMil-ek-r Dff1te. e~l+J.L(ct.

    KNOWAl:
    fl ND ~

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    4-78

    .". DR.

    -=. 158.

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    ASSVV\"Pl"IONS:

    1-

    7~ C4M+-( VDt<J~ Sk.oUN'\. &...:. ~

    Z. ~ ~ ~.fvp..t lib lllw-A 1 k.-.e


    b"t"''1

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    wk...ck &.:i "..+ ~ +--dy S
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    D

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    plak -+I.....:t-

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    pr"vl"ded
    (..OtII'eci "''7

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    e! ~c.~.c. C.O~OIllP'" h

    '""-'v .... {4>c::I ~


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    Ct:Inv-(O~-h'on

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    SCH-l"MlrTI ( ~ tf> I~EN

    ~'A

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    -k-r.
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    .>

    Q..::. _

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    0" 0

    i''' W'

    -.':
    ~

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    T2 24C

    --V

    We,,: - o. 'St<-W

    TI = 20C

    VI =O.4mJs
    Water

    A.$SV""""I/O~S: ,.

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    cJ.
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    ~~~.

    .e"' Qr 5'f

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    Electronic components
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    +
    . A.S.sO(\1 PT(O"-'S:

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    ::: 0.0 1\ IC~

    4 (1'31'+ N'W\)(2 tf t IC)


    titc.'l1 It:~.t:1M. ~".r~::1 ra.k

    b""I ... l'\~

    ~ Qc"

    1..0

    - We.,

    ~ ~ [l~I'" ~\.)~ ~+ ~ l~)J

    W,,,

    4-

    Wc.v

    .s

    ~ (~1.-L,,)

    + \0:\ ( h lT~) _ hiT.))

    S',,,,c.e.. T'L ~ 3 13K(4-o"C)

    Gcv ~
    <.

    <:

    (-0.2. !'w) +0'011

    (-o.2..~W)-+ @.Oll ~1)l('313.'3". e ~4

    ",'W

    h(Z.(j~~)J (~~)} :~sl


    'Z.~i.2.)~) l ~~~Jl

    t::l;L h('a131c:\ -

    ~-4------------

    'PfZD8,6~

    ..

    4.14

    KNOWN: A "'" .-. 0 Ih ~ ~


    e.XPA\I\c:.lS +t,\'{OW;~ A.. vl-L\I~
    Oo.'A.cl tt2.vwpQV"Q.MVe it> o: ~WeV\ +t~Co\.I pY-es~u.Y'e.
    ftNp:

    l>",+e.vt')ll,tAe

    +ke elCi+ etua.liJ.,.

    SCHe.MJ..-TlC ; G-l VW

    p,= tH MPe\

    :. L.., Ie>

    T, := '?>')..

    (I)

    Q. V'"

    'r

    k~owY\ rY-e~SlAt'c..

    '01~

    'DA1A',
    (z.}

    t.!....

    +rOM C4.

    '~

    DC

    OfO~ ~p~
    :.. O. fl bee. I"'"

    'P-a. =

    :x7. ':. 7'

    ASUWlPTlOI\JSo: (I) A control volt,(,W/Q. -eIl\.G~S,l-l, +k~ VCl'Ve. is a.+ 6te~ &~1e.
    ~) the r~fyi~-eV"'()'IA.t: lAI\ele"8 oes ~ ~r()ttl,,,,, 'Proc.e~s: j h,,: h-z,.

    ANALYSIS: Acc.oydt~" +0 daA-a..from Ta./oJe. A-l'-lJ a,f Pi ~ ll.( bAY''; Tsa+ :~("'2k> c,
    S,Vtce T, <: 7S4+ .) s-k:.k /'s ,'", tite. CDMlprecs.e.d. /i~u)d V'5itrlA. For -sIM'PUci4.':f)
    we. use. Ef' a. 14 -Jo eV'tt-/u.,a:Ie. ~. J a$ff,UOlAJs:

    hi % h.f CT.)

    :. 312.11 Ic::r/ te.,

    w~e.r'e ~Q. value.. i s olokt-t.l.t~


    i3!J a,~$UVl4p1-l01i'\(-z.)

    -h-bwt TQLJ/-e.

    A-l') .

    1.1,: h,
    =- ~+'2. + k"Z.

    S dt v ,'V\j

    Vt.f.94~ / ..J ser+~i:5 oIa.-Ia. +,rom 7~IoJ-e. 4-- N 4-+ p~ : O. g J:,a"r

    hi - l1f 2-

    h.ts
    ::.

    '2a

    S1l.lllc.:r LJCj -

    G\. 0; I~"J"Il~

    r?>g2.13 kJ"/~

    = O. "2.'!?> 1 C1."l:Sl!jc

    X2,

    4-85

    KNOWN:

    Pr-o po. v\(. eXv>c(\l\ds +lA('ot.(.~ IA ~

    ~tt()wn
    FINO~

    exit p~s:sute.

    'J)ererrn,~e. ~e. e.~it

    SCH-EMML(.

    ~\vctJ

    DA--TA:

    valve

    +e""'p.era.fu.Ye.
    f

    /" .. -,

    \2-

    4- 8(p

    '"

    ..frOM ().

    k.now" inlef sf-a.-k fo a..

    .or

    PIlOBLGM 4%
    "DA-+- cV~

    /C./VowAJ:
    lA.r1< p'p~

    lL,.r~ t\., ~

    s+x.-k. ~ ~l.t16 s+4\1\ClZ.

    is Jho,
    +t...t ~""~~

    1)e.(.c,............ ~

    Elf'JO'.

    -+M....-oTtltl'\) CAl 011 INle';""'- a-I+rt( k~(/ 7b c:.o....


    ~ - p ~ k4) ",,'d - ",,?"""' ~kA(-E". a~. hIM rs ..1 s~cJ::J

    ~ ""'w~ -t~ ~v"e.t.


    .... ~

    -/w-

    pn:wlOd.

    1>

    A.

    "P,.,,'01+II"'3

    4.{~IlNt</A.r

    ..,e,y,t

    e-... q~ \-e; .......... ~ .......... iv~/,~


    sfe.,.Jo4o\
    1"'1."'5 ~
    s-l-e..- 1 VA /' f; \/6. ((;C~S,

    c.(' .... r~~ ....

    Sc tT1:-M 1\, lC ~ (;'1 ~f.j

    :i

    L-'

    ~"""""Pcr .. f<..tv~.!

    ~ r'p~)~

    1)t\'7,q.::
    ()(. -=1,0)

    .",..

    ASSUt\'tPT(O,...,~~ I.

    S~~,

    ?,

    ~GC''l:.S'

    ~~e.-J'"

    T'- co'" fypl v st ..... e

    in

    +I-v

    T&v ~P~" S ,'f/If\ ~u~ ~ c,.1~'lI04eW "v:Uur'e,f

    \IVoooU..l:

    ~1lJl,"(S'IS:

    '-"1.-:t. k,) w"-uc.

    <,...,,'..fC.-

    4UvlM-pn'"",

    ""

    '=

    ts

    f"ut"e

    A+

    .s~"dy

    to Tk +"'-t-off1,''''-'

    ~t,-E->'l (h81-~f,)'

    "2..
    (I)

    c.vIUt<

    --r-t""

    .ftl b..e

    ~ o-:t- ~ .sw,'+ :$ f\lc~cl "tJ T~I P, J At\.d ~ "'" ~J+ ~ s~p.crN ...-{td
    ~ ~ ~.~ 1 $A.~~O 'V~. At $0 J 11-- 1 u..4t; x., tA ~'i c..1"~ cL
    .Jl.Ass-tt-.t"l 01") w.~ ..ti~/.e1W.1 to
    ""'"'

    Ot' 1

    '.0,

    n( lk) P:l.} = h~ (PI)

    -= '2.'=19&. I

    ":t",wro{~~,...:..

    -r~

    T ~ ..t. \011 fOd:

    "~'~i

    fi",)

    Ill V.

    ""*

    o{,.....'O.....

    ~; t +t~.., ~r C )
    II

    4:":lIe,

    n;

    'k = /5/ C .

    ~ l~

    C-#J rr'. sf"-W' t:L.o

    ~ C,J..(WIw~ttlr)ft>,.w~' ""-, h~= '2.~, s-

    -re
    Ii:.<J

    S A.r-v..rll.

    /It=j

    Ct",cl

    i-t- cl

    7: = q'boC

    51(.1) ~'b-

    ?C.7SS-

    7,z.SI

    '2.D ,:r.3

    10

    .: O.q +'1

    KNDWN:

    Refri~ertud 13'tG\ expCt"ttts +hrou,9h e, va\v~ froM ~ k...-town iYllet


    shtfe +0 0... k.vtown -fllAA.{ 'Pf'e~su.~.

    EINta:

    ])e+erMi~e +ke ex.if- 1-ef\'\per-o..+u.r.e.

    ~CbtEMM1C.

    ~LVc,j D~A:

    AS)UMeT!ON5~(I) The coVlfrof

    Q.l'\et

    T:

    t<.-l~t{~
    I (~",-

    vow.me is a.t steo.&!j stak..


    2.. ~
    ~O'}:4--4I1fl~t -Irrul.rfe(' is ne:JlijilJe,)':t.
    u
    and W cv =0. (3) k,iAefi.c. a~& F: =11.{0 'lot/I""'&. ~=SO i~
    pofeu.fja.{ elt1er9'1 e.Ftec:fs e re
    T, =so OF
    1I\~li~,hle. (#trottll~~ process)
    .

    (2)

    ~lAali+~ .

    2-

    tr

    ANAtV5IS: 7n o..ccorda.Vlc.(l./wifh +"'(2. ~'~l.tD'\1>ft.Ol\.s for o: +hrotfll'rtj proces.s) .


    hI :.h~. From T~ble.A -II E j -r, < TSA f @ (C{o fJ,f(,lA1.. T~l(",sJ fl-..e 'Vllet <s1o.ie. IS
    lit. flu. U5Mp(t'~se~ {iJuicA r~it)')\.. ::q~.orr~ +ke effect of p~ssu.('e.. O't'\ +u.
    e~~ of +Wz. (It"-l~J Tttble A-tOE' tll"e~

    h. % hf (gOF) = 37.21 5-k-t1lJ,


    SUA ceo.

    h't'::' hI

    ::

    hf +
    2.

    'C2.

    "'f~"1. ) dltt~

    froM Table A-l\ E. a.f 50 IW/I'it", ~Ii;e

    h-z. - hf 1..
    hf <J 2.
    3>1.:>'1 - :ltt.l'i

    R3.l.'t
    ::. 0.1 Sg ....
    4i;---------------------:..:.:

    4-88

    il.-te CClt-!ro{ vq(~~e is t:t+ ~+~~ s~:k.


    CDl1ffO/ VO[tA.MlZ / 6(c.v: 0 a..Md Wc:v -=-0.
    Pc:>+e",+i.tM ~e.V"g!1 etfech o~e lAeJ Il.Sl/a Ie.

    ASSUMPTIONS: (I)

    (z) For flMz.


    (.3)

    :+k.4

    ANM..YSI5 ~ (Q)To ~-e.J..e~~,~e.


    eK~+
    ~ ~. 4. tl ~.~ W'I, = m z, :. rY\ J tM\.c(

    ~ =
    tJo~, V; /-r, :.

    A I \r;' :

    "l.1i

    w.. lA,

    ':E = (4) ClI


    1J" I

    Titus
    ~

    v;. ::

    Az. \Tz.

    .",..z..

    /7

    v::.
    '2.

    ~ I , V7 ,
    A"2. '\1",

    1.1"'2-

    -f(.e..

    ~'s

    \615)

    = (~ )'1. Vi

    ch. . ~ .

    1):
    ~

    : )0.17

    (~ )~ -o-cTz .J r~ )

    ( )

    w 'd1 "tr, = D, q q'2. -PfItllo ko tv! T~J.e, A- 4 e.


    ~ ~ (;2. 0, 1"'1 ) (

    o,tt, 2.) ::

    ;2 0

    to I #/ S

    eSee ~t i+ LS ke(es;s~vy .f.o fix ~ 2 k WA.(u/(.t~


    re: Jo.+~ is O~~eM froM +u-e evtev,!1 ba~ce ad- .s+el..~ "We,
    ~o \.,/0
    .
    [
    \r.' :z. \h ~
    .: 0 ]
    o ~(v
    -,)"'J'v + V\;1
    (I..,-~,) -I- ( 1-2." ) r~ (y.- l~)
    Pf'Orli1

    bet!aMce

    :: 4~/7t'~11. :C;jA.SEW.J.~"'j "A~

    7t (.o931~.ft) '20

    ;2 c),

    vetocd.y I .b~Ia.c.. wi-/{

    CI)

    v;, ,kno-l-ker

    (2.)

    ~ = J2.C"',-~'Z.)+
    .frcrm TClbJ.e A - 4E.
    \J2.::

    ). [L2?1l.S -

    E1 ~~t-~.s

    A--4e. ~k.~

    (I)

    a,1I\

    ~(T~.)f~)1~1:~2.~ t~~~I:>~h;~6:lbff+~o.t)I.f+ls)'1.

    (3) CAM

    be ,}olved

    ~f~ ....(+a&1eot.4slj

    u.sii'tf tJ.a;I-.. .fro~

    (~)
    1QJ,J.e

    i-teviit:hve fY'oc.ec-s. Ike Y~~l,A.bkl(Y"'e/'h-r a,/J.z,=o.'Z.s

    7;. : 434'. b

    v;: :: 3.1 i 0

    IPFOOill~~

    .f+l S 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4-gq

    (CQK+d.)

    pfl.DI!JLJ5iVI 4.78

    (bJ Tl1e .f.otlow;n5 IT CAHl..e


    QssDctQ,fed cJ..Ct.~ -n,r

    CAK

    be

    k.se.d to solve

    er.s .e,) 4Ik.IJ. Cz) w;+1-t +lte

    SJ.efA.Wl :

    p1 = 500 Illbf/in. 2
    T1 = 500 11F
    mdot = 0.11 II Ibis
    d1 1/12 II ft.
    p2 = 200 IIlbf/in. 2
    dratio = d1 I d2
    dratio = .25

    A 1 = pi * d1"2/4
    mdot=A1 *V1/v1
    V21 V1 = (d11 d2)"2 * (v21 v1)
    h1
    v1
    h2
    v2

    =
    =
    =
    =

    IT Results for the sample


    case of d1/d~ = 0.25

    h_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1)


    v_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    h_PT("WaterISteam", p2, T2)
    v_PT('WaterISteam", p2, T2)

    T 2 434.2 OF
    V 2 = 3.139 ftls
    h 2 = 1231 Btu/lb
    V 1 = 20.01 ftls
    V2 = 2.490 ffl/lb

    o = (h1 - h2) + V1 "2 - V2"2) I (2 * 32.2 * 778


    USI'~ f..e, >cplo r -e bubtot\) sweep drec.f(c) -fro~ 0.2.5
    CCY\1sfy-lA.ct tke follow i L13 pi ofs :
    800

    to 4

    I~ 6fe.ps of o, 25. 1~etA.,

    440 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    700
    600

    430

    ...... 500

    ......
    u..

    l/)

    5400

    420

    >'" 300
    200

    410 -

    100

    400

    0.5

    1E

    2.5

    3.5

    1240

    1230

    :c
    ::::::::
    ;j

    m 1220
    '-'

    s:'"

    . 1210

    0.5

    1.5

    0.5

    1.5

    d 1/d2

    d 1/d2

    ~ -'-"'-1--,..--.-.,...--,--r--.,---r-..,.....-,---,---,--r-..,....--1
    iii

    2.5

    3.5

    d1/d 2

    4-10

    2.5

    3.5

    P1Zo BlE M 4. ':flf


    "D4ll-+-' tJ4r~ prolf.d.td -tw- ""'" VA Ive al1o/ -h..Al"Jo.",,-, e-. S-E'rl'~s) ~4"""
    ()pe.r~t'\} A 1- .s+<"c/, S~~.
    fINO:
    r:;,.,. ~ h.-l"k)."'"4. ) file .w"""",,~ 7'-. -k......,,~o'ft,.(,..~ .... + ~ j", '~t
    Oll'\cL ~
    POlU.Q.t"" deve.Loredl'~ u.n.J- """"""u
    s~ ~.....,.1'\tj.
    ;:~OI#N:

    ~C,",T(Y\I"tTtc..

    ,"lve~

    "t)t\T"t:

    Power out

    PI = zoo Ibf/in. 2
    TI = 600F

    ..tr

    A.sSVV\APTIO~S: l- Co",mIV"OI"IM.eJ A+ .s-l-e


    S~ .e"",c..t.o+-c- +"-4. V'4I ' v e c:ll1d-tk
    ~ ... b, ...... I N('rc.e.f've.l~. 2. Tksl fVo<pAl'\t"()", Ac..ro,s! ~ II'~/V"f t.4' ~ i-t..o.....-ot+I.~j

    ~uSt.

    ~.

    ~ +r~l-fv

    -e",er~ .e1t

    a.r~

    w,~ --f1.- ttA.r'r1luto\.cL..\~~f

    /I\~~'s~ b{~

    e::t.l'\.cl

    tt.. i~c//U-k,..h.,...(,

    !t,,",~t..."(~lt: C~~.,~ 'If- V"A.fve..) ~k~~ ~I'~J " (/V\ 14~ e... -+lM-e ttl ""'j
    ~(.ISS I lU~ ~AIK
    hl. ~ h t.
    Wl~ c:::L,..t-., -tr"""", TfA.blof> A -IL-e..J

    V) 1= 132.l..1 'f>~/!>.
    /fIA,s.r

    ""'flu,I1J

    ..IaN\~'j ~

    A"'.,L

    SBcror: ~
    ~ed -to.ft..c. +'""-... 10'......:.-.. ~

    w.,.,.....ru'A,1al'\j 4t--tl-.lc.loLr\CA.$

    f2.0 IVl-lih ')

    Tz-:::

    ~~:: 1Ml: ~

    O-=-,Jihv -Wev -to ~ [ (~'-"l.) ~ iZ.)]


    4.

    Wc.\J ':.

    ~ ["'t-~1-1

    We" :. ~3 - h1~

    ~( e..ul~ c:l...+ - forI\- ,.~ A'" 36


    ~ 3> '::0

    h..f

    ~l'\d. V\t.= hi

    "+)

    -to )(1 <.'"1b'Ft'f4 OJtLtO'fb] -=

    We\! _ 132'2.1-

    lotJ'2.,'

    ~ 32c 'B~I t.b

    1002.,1

    5/1A./1J,

    Tz.

    PROBLEM lof. 80
    t<I\IOuJ~:

    RefrigerAnt '3Lf tt Pfl.s.u~s fhr-olA.,h 0.. SlActlDlf\ U.,e hea.+ exd\t:l\~er"


    dV\GlCln ~v(Apo,.a.Aor. ])~k a.reg\ven a.t VllnoLlS (ocQ.hOn~,

    FIND:.

    befer-m Ine +ht. heed tra.n rk,. rttte tor~t. evdpo (0...+0'('.

    'stbfEMA;rIC.

    4 Go, \leN

    ~ (.OYl.Jn>1
    lAVl;'.. 3.~~1;m~n
    p~

    DATA:

    volu.me. encles ,~~

    15 Ibf/in.

    Suction line

    hut exchanaer

    (4)

    \\iJt\ \v-

    ,,,,0

    Evaporator

    ~(,V ~ ~ ("'~-~"2.)
    FV"om Tcdole A-ll E. ) h 3:: h~0 IS Ibfllll\" :: qq. "b Bf\A/lb.
    TD +,~cl hz.)
    wri+e dn eVleV't3lj bo.'~\ltcce tor ~ <:.oV1+rol vollA.r\o\e. enc.lo~I~' tke \.1ec.c.t eK~Q~~r

    0:: ~(h\-h7.)

    or

    It\2..:' ~\

    Fv-oY\1 Table

    + ~(~3-~1I)

    +"''3- h 4-

    A-\'2.E., ~4~ 109.38 ~\-u./Uo')a..V\tl o..~s\"-~\""~ h\~h-t(TI)

    ~~= ?>B.~~ +'\'i,f<I(p - ,oL\,~e :: 3!.i.'l.1 rokA/(1o


    ~OW) W'l+~ ~

    ':I

    3.1~8o .t+'/lb, +~e..

    lV\.&(.t;5

    .c..low

    ~:: ~\f")'t:: (3.~ +4-)/~\",) l~O"'~f


    "U"I.f

    (3. 1"~O ~J/ lb)

    ,h

    V'(.c.~ \.s

    -:. b8 .1 8 tblh

    F\IAa.t\.~) +~e. e.Ve.tPOfC4.+o-r he.o..-\- -fy(l\!\s+etr \fa:ke. \5,

    Qc ~ (l, S.ts ~ \(91. ~ (p 'I

    :: '14 S 8 B\'u./ h

    '3t2.1) 6~1 (b

    ~~~

    --.-

    4-92

    .
    G.c.v

    -=:':::':'

    'PeoBLEM 4.SI
    s\-aAe.

    F /ND:

    -fj,y

    o:.. ~

    Do--t-...

    t<t..;)Ot...." ,,:

    S~-h...,. .. ~d

    r: 4bA..r

    -fc,v--

    pf'OVI'deal

    VAr-or

    s~h...r.. ~cl

    I-l'\d

    ~ ft...s"'. c..~"""b-er ()P~'t""-f\Y\f:J ...:1' sfeA~


    J.,.',v ici ~+-reA._.r ~,'i- 4l.f r-~1(M'e f

    -f--

    ~WI<1A..4':"'" -fG.... ~r.r


    ~ ~tlj""""" ~-liI1.J \~_.s

    If

    """""'U'

    $CHtMATIC 2.f:.IV6N

    ('tt."""

    1~ ~,.+tJ-15 ~1w4IN1s.

    verrus F8.Sure

    p) ~ ~ p", q ba,r.

    2)11\7"':
    /0

    ,-

    PM

    b.tr

    Saturated vapor,
    pressure P

    f{13cr~ - 41 -__B _ - e >

    Rash,

    chamber

    PI = lObar
    TI =36C
    rill =482 kg/h

    I
    I
    Saturated liquid,
    pressurep

    I
    I
    (

    l...--------.:..------v
    ASSVMPTIO~~.
    Ste..d't S'~.

    T""'--co~-h-o(

    I.

    Av..

    c._ h i

    ""'*

    IJ

    ""I ~ kilT.).

    VOIV~J ~ ~t r,-i-< l?A.141'te.t.

    ~ + Sfc.,.ci.,

    ~ta.~

    't\.l-llc)

    ~I

    ~ + ~\["t-t~~ - k4l.[~l.oI.~~J - ~.10'3 ~~~.lJ


    l.t
    M~ "1. - IM:1 ""'3
    0
    ~ lot
    ~", 1t
    (~, il, a.) h,J
    I -

    0 yo-

    ~. :' ~\ f ~l

    "9
    (0-)

    ""'' "*

    ,'S

    ~ bA. l,............ ~ e.- ft,

    et\ e.v~ ~

    0 ':

    ~..D~rlY\'

    Fir' -1'''''-'

    O-:;.Av -

    ~ ~ ACC4>~A~'~J ~1U.,..t

    2. fi.r ~ ~Iw> I Vt:1lu~.1 'Nev='O )


    +rA"t t+- (,.U,~ ~
    ~ f>~ ~ ( bl e J eu\. <i JEu ~C 11:4,,",1;\ -h,.J. .e ~J'J -e+fe c.:h ~A. '" &.e ',~~tcl,

    S'v. ... I'1JV~d..t t'jS


    ...;
    ?. Po.. t"'~ "1\1;C:~

    At.)A~'('~/!:

    VO/v ......... 4L..oc;o....

    e,

    L-

    --

    "'3'.J

    l . l "1. - ~ 3

    rrDV\o1 T~Iok.Ir-JO;

    91ves; "" ~ = ~ ( ~

    . =( i

    )\1\2.

    1;.,,, k.(.{3'OC): 100.25 k'J"/'=j. Jrrlso J ea.+r=4"et.~J TCA.I.t,Je.),-u


    &Ar) ~ lP2- kJ l/Cj o..~ "'3 ~.9 (4 bW-) = 2 ~ 2, 32. Ic:r llc:J. ~

    k.~) [( 100."2.5') -

    82 \::'"

    Cb '2.)

    (2S2''3''2.)J

    = "385. I TIc., ..4

    t,

    (2. 52. '3 , )

    Fr"I)M OI.bove.
    ~ 3- ~ ( - ~ ~ ':. i 82- 38 S. I -:: 'T CD. 9 /La
    <.J / ~ 4 4 - - - - - - - - - ~3
    (1) 7h~ .tottO~.JI"'" IT ~e C~~ b.e. u.settf -k> :JW;ev-o.A-e. c!tt.-k fw'- rIots of W,2441\J M,3
    ,,~s().s

    p:

    IT Code

    p1 10 II bar
    T1 36 11C
    mdot1 = 482 II kg/h
    P 4 II bar
    x2 0
    x3 1
    mdort = mdot2 + mdot3
    o = mdot1 * h1 - mdot2 * h2 - mdot3 * h3
    h1 h_PT("R134A", p1, T1)
    h2 = hsat_Px("R134A", p, x2)
    h3 hsat_Px("R134A", p, x3)

    =
    =
    =

    =
    =

    Pf2olbtE~ 4.81 (Ctml-d,)

    IT Results (p 4 bar)
    = 385.1 kg/h
    0'13 = 96.87 kg/h
    h 1 = 100.3 kJ/kg
    h2 =62 kJ/kg
    h3 = 252.3 kJ/kg

    m2

    1ke.ce r-esu.lts c-o~pecfe. VeY~ -kc.voia.ble W;.J.-11


    E"~plore ~c..d+01i\) sweep P -From J -fo CJ b4. ....
    fbttow,~ plof calA fe,i (.,(T)tStruc,teJ:

    fLwse of
    I'v-.

    f."rf(C1J.

    steps of'

    D.,

    Now

    u~j~ .J1,e

    ba.r, rhelA) 1'f..e.

    500
    400

    ;E

    300

    -----

    OJ
    .l<:

    E 200

    ---A-

    100
    0
    2

    P (bar)

    T~ese pLok i ~~I~ ~ M. tt-te. p~e~SL(,V~ 111\ .I4uz .f..UL~,c..k4IMb-etrJ PI i1 J.ec.v~"seJ


    ~ rea.f.e-r- fracfl,(11o\
    -f/Ae I /flU ~l "1J I, ~i.t.( ..p~W ~{fJSkes'/ 10 sa.+c..-V'cdQJ.

    e+

    VfJ..Q10r",

    4-'14

    tL

    PROOl"EM 4. %2.

    Alr -flows fhro~"h fwo +L(,rbl~e. stfUJes ~YJd t:(n Jilt-ter-connecf,i-t5


    l1ea-t e)('c"'a.fl~er. A S~P4"'Me.. ho+ air: strea.M passes jilt c-~v.lltfe"f(ow
    +I1rou.,l-l +ltte ke..;f excl-to.1I..~er. :Da+a. are llnowt'l a+ vano(.ts 10CCttlon~.

    kNOWN:

    J>e+errn IVle fhe. feMre:m.:/ure of +'-te. VlAClltA C4.ir S~W1 e.zdh;'tj fLte
    ""(l().,t eXCVAvt,er avui title power o(,t~ut f)~ -fllte. seco)'\c( -furloi#1e.
    ScHEMA-TIC i (:;wP1J DAm:
    __
    ,- - - - I
    ,
    I clLV'b ll-1e

    A$,U,vJpnONS: (I)

    The. tordro I

    ,..;:

    rOLlV\O..l~~S (.~\I\

    (3}

    IDe. Vle.<JlecteJ.
    kti:\e.J..ic:, a.w.l f0f-ellt+fA.r

    2.

    volumes GlY'!. 0.+ stea.Jy stak.


    (2) HeaA- mltlSter 4o-ltte sltr-

    I
    ~:::4.5~~
    7j '" ?

    T=IIDOK

    .... __

    z -:. S bar
    / z. - - - - - - .

    ehe rj~ ~(:(ecf~ ~rtL Y\e~li~i~\e..


    ("t) The Gllr beLvA ves as GlY\
    idefA.( ~a.s. (5) For the heat
    exck"-Vl.l.JerJ Wc.,,:' 0 .

    in

    Qlr

    \.....I~

    L.....+--'JI+-..J\

    ---l--...J

    1..3

    I
    ~

    Lf

    -r;-:./4COK

    T.t::. 180 k.

    ::2o.b""v-

    Pit:: / bar:

    S
    a..j V"

    j Y1

    ~= N80 K

    Ps z: I. '35 b'C l'"

    )'.1S::: /1.00

    ANItL'ISl5: Ftr~t) -triAd fife (i.tr .flow

    eV\eV't3<:1 ~ W\Cl~S bt:tl({Mce>

    rute. a..t

    .for iur"t~e.

    i.. 6~~ lll\

    kj/miY'\

    W\+h .s\-e~-~1-4.~
    0

    O=~:-Wtl+ m, [(h'-~2-) .f-l~~\+~~1!~~

    o ::: tVa, -nit,


    $, \ v,~~ for-

    n-;,

    ..

    Wtl

    yy\

    :,.-""";::;""-

    (h,-h"L)

    From TOble A-2-2 ~

    ..

    W\

    Tu r Y\, n~

    -:.

    ~e)(

    ~ \ :: 15/5.42 k.~II~ ~ ~ 'Z. = II ~ 1.07 [cJ{J".

    I'

    (J 0,000 k.W)
    I k:f{.s
    ('515.42 -lIb,.07)Jc:r/Jeo-' kvJ

    + -\0 t~ e. \,

    "
    ...
    ~ , ::. W\ '1. ::.

    ~5::'~(.,

    ~I:' ~'2.

    0,

    ~~o

    0-:. ];i:.>J- )KIc.\J -t

    =. 2

    8 202
    .

    ~
    '-J

    Tl"us

    I .s

    t exc \,\A. "'1(l.r

    etA.

    ..
    '
    'lV\) = 'IV\ 't

    V\I\'1. \

    ~2._ /'..0 J . {
    \c.t~
    _to
    o.'i'-' 3) +~
    )~,~~~~ t" Msl(Lts-L,,)* ) +tj<!S-2c.U
    L.

    \f"_

    0:: ""',C~"2.-~3) t-vVls(~S-~"')


    be-

    ~()..(,~)

    lA~

    ::.

    It,~ +

    \'\1\.5

    ""'' 1.

    frOt\1 TableA-22j

    (~ __ ""'")
    :>

    ("s:" l(.,lI.7<-) kTI~ ~J

    4- ss

    h,-=

    r2,;.i11c;T/~.Tku.s

    P{{06LEM 4.82. (C{TYI:f'd)

    ~'3

    ':

    I' (,/.01

    +fr.~6.'22
    (1200 k..,IW.l"")
    . 1
    ('''1I.1'1 -11.
    ~/sJ 1 S/I~lK
    (,0

    i7.-Z c

    -=- 13'1. '8 k.:r/~

    IVlkV-pOlo.-h"'j l~ Tetlole A- 2:2-

    T3
    A1 0 W

    :: \30 I. >K~E-----------------_'-":':'

    LV ,.HI ~~ +t-te ste~J - 5fa1e et,\eVV!1 btA.la. /;tee for i-u-rlo( 'i-se

    o =jL~- ~J.t. ... + ""3 [(1,3-t.~) +<J)Zf!~ T :1~;~~


    W-I:. 2.

    ~ 3 (h 3 - Itt 'I )

    FroM Table. A-22.; "'4': 1023.25 ksllCj

    . =~e,2.Z b.8!s) (13'Ff.<[


    Wi
    '2.

    s: to) 51-0 l'-W E

    -I01..3.2.5)Ic.T(lr-

    'J

    f I k.Wf [
    I

    k.~ s

    1-

    4. ~3

    'P~()B<"'6M

    5+e.a.m is developed

    KNoWN:

    'n

    frOM e,

    lAJa.fer sfr"",wt b~ el\e....,~

    fnA.... sfer frOT\l\

    c>VeVl edtLtu-sfA. wo.ste het:tt v-e(.Ov~~ S~m ~eJi\eru:for, rt.te


    skA.~ tfAen e~f'l~s -i'krcJWjlAtA. ~rbji.,e. n::t~ are. I!.U>WYl o..t
    V4no(.(.S locct'fu)Y\s,

    'Dderf\M~(.

    FIND :

    ttu.

    eco~~G4Il'y

    r-
    d~ velope
    0....,
    0..111"\\,)1..1

    dV\

    d b Jft..e. ft....~ b,ne/ teva.lvAtc


    b~SIS J t:{Kd. C-DjA;\.""",~v..::t

    LA-

    .sc:t+6MATI<:.. e& G,lViV "DAT~:


    ~ =tto Ij,fl,~~
    Tz.:: 32.00

    p~

    :: (

    Ibffl~~

    )(3::: 0,90

    ~t ~f4S f-~w rAlL is

    "t'V\

    9" -

    <AV-)"

    ::

    p~ CA-V-)A

    '\1,4\

    R T,4\

    (llf., \J.f"~~ )(.3c!)coft )/'M\IA)


    :: f..! S 45 fr l~T ) (8 2. 0 e: )
    G9." lb .o~

    frot'V\ Ttlibl~ Jr-t2E. j

    h,,: JtlCJ."q 1&1/11, W h a = 177,23 fMAfllo.FOrHte. walel;


    fyom To.ble A-.2E; ~ >- PSCLt'c.1.~O F ~ ~~ssc.cJ 'f\A.W. ~itu.e.sJ l-t l ~ ~ (J 2-100F
    =,80.1. 6fu/lb.At~) u..sl~~ ltIl1'c A-ttE.; "'2,.= I/q{P,8 iSkl/lb. n< flow ~is

    s+ :a

    I .

    (I"{ 5&2. I" t'\."',,)

    (l't".~~

    - I"

    ,'2.~)

    (\11", t- le0.').)

    4-'17

    =:~, 8

    lb /~.V\

    'Pl2-O~L.E M

    if. 83 L Contc/. )

    Turn IV.S

    nOl(} fo

    11<~ c.o"trol vo ",,"rile. e I\C ~~:+I.e .Ju,dll ;'e.

    .:..7';)',
    o ~ jIJ1..,,,
    - Wi: -t M s + (( ~

    Wi': Wt sf (}.,z.-l.t 3

    u Sf ~ e:k f-.. -kuw.. T~


    \I\~::.

    Wt

    > ('2. a

    1~.

    of.e.-r..

    CjSSk-r

    "lI!!!l~I----------_
    8 celo'\~

    (}-k

    r-r-

    /l:W~ ) ~ v~

    f..r

    BoO(.l~

    A."''''~A/''' t4

    ~ C!2$~) a':~~l:wl

    if

    fo'i'1 + o-~ (to)') ~ 1002 '8 h../ /.b

    I00" . I) 13t lorh-I ~


    1\ I h..p
    1\\
    lSlf.T6hYlt

    1M4....

    nr-

    )... ~ (;r"- C"I)

    A- $ E

    -+ >(.3 (Y\f1')::

    E.v-.I",,,,i'~j p0eP -er:

    ~f

    ~ :I) + t.z.

    1!z.... ) ( , l'i (..to-

    :=

    (b)

    h.f

    '.... /.r1

    \J; 2. V; ~

    1.-

    ( toOD~(

    )(

    11 o. ot )
    ~W'k

    = !"'33/~
    T4- ~
    C

    V",h,,~11

    o-r d.......

    ()lJ--UJ.

    ~ "'" ~

    -f~

    +~.s-

    o~ A -h- "'j

    S'1 S~~.

    v.lue.

    c. oS t.r

    A-t:.G<1)-.L..'~J

    ~Du.lc:L

    AN 0 G\.'

    o.::t:. do

    C<>lIe .... ~

    "" i~ ~

    ev~~ ~T ~

    ~~~t ~ ~ tk.~v'-'L;)~~(..fO~IA.-h'--..t -t- ~.J


    -i k.a. r-o ~ ~ -\.\ -.Jl. ~ lAO+
    \ " 1<: -e l; b Ie-L ~ ,.-'--tJ,' it u
    ..rt- ~~~ w..A,.".DWI~' to ee..tM...b~c:.. CO'Y\ 1~4h~.
    OI/JlV\.

    6A-

    "NO"""" :

    0per,.-f.''''J cLA.-h,..

    '1

    S kp.~

    A.+-

    s t--.. Ii'

    A.r"<

    6~

    P I t-J D :
    'D~ ~ """-t"":'" -tt- ~
    ,,~cl ~ StAr'"I"IVl'\d..t\'\.j . Also

    'd..t. W

    -irA'" rf-r bt. ~~R"" t1-.

    Wl.4

    M ~

    CoD ~ SJ CIY'"

    1 F-e.r~~J,M.A1A

    c..oeff Ct' e 11\.,1

    C-t .

    .f Got vr N :Df\ 711.'

    $C I-'t"i (\1 ~T( C

    Return air
    from house
    at 20C

    Heated air to
    house at T> 20C

    Gi~ - t - - - - l : >

    pz =8 bar
    2

    hz

    =270 kJlkg
    Power input

    to compressor ) Weye-Ie
    =2,5 kW

    Expansion
    valve

    Compress0li!

    Rl:S4~

    Evaporator

    PI = 1.8 bar
    T I =_lOoC

    Outside air enters


    atOC

    Air exits
    at T<OC

    C. o~-hl VfJ{u~e.l ettc-<.of.l'\' +t.......... c..O-f'A-'I.r~


    a"",.L.~ ~'.'i.c..(,..;:t
    _"
    Cl\;l.c:I~l1.~ ~ ~ s~ S~~. 1., K'''1e'ft't.. lAJ1d. pofenf,~ ~#1er~7
    CA."" bot I , k.O r EO c:l

    ASJ'U,"PTIOt-lS i

    S'c:Lc.

    '1 ~

    .ef:fe' c.k

    A1.J~c..'1".r1 r:

    (A)

    TIA... ~j ~ ~ 1oA.( /I t\ (.t

    -*"

    ~1-+ i~tl.>J

    cQc."~ WC,II .... ~a..(~l.-l-tl)

    'R"""" l,"bl~ A-I'2.)

    ~\-: ~"I2.-0c.. lC~/ICj) /It,,:: J,:::tOl'ol.,

    <r)ev:: (-~. S~) \.


    ~

    e:

    s
    ""

    0:- b ",,",,'"
    ~ ). (t.-:to -

    1 -+

    (tw.,,) .

    ~"-1. 0(,)

    T~

    =- 21. 4cg """"11


    ~J' """"~~_

    /c"'3"
    ~~

    (10) To ~-k(IM..;~ 1""'- ~'e.t'~~ '1 p.. . . . .foY'vv-II\CA ~ ""11""f'\' ~


    ~ "'''''11 te.tfl"l; e cl bj 11'- Cf1\'\d e ""t l''''') ~l'~(AI'\." Th f\.-.c-. tv- """vV'\.

    T~),

    -= ""R.

    c?

    o c, ale-v -Wc.v + ~..t LkL-l,l.)


    ~

    ~ i't'-c ce~ fGIYj ~ ~3~ ~ Io~~ ('~(h ""2. ~ ""'/

    4"\

    ellte~~'1 ~

    ~clelol\.~ ~ ~

    v.r./t

    k>~l~Ke..t

    ~ ~l,-et'~ t,C:L~

    fh..

    . ,1~

    d:

    o -:...<Oc..v-~~~,J("'~-l-tl)Jc~~\. d(~)J

    T ........ w ..~

    ~3~~(1i):- ql. 4 CP C'3/ k ,

    A-ppl:F"'j G l' ~ 4 T

    '(=

    ..,.; -t~ WC'ide. -=

    %,;).'.II'"

    'f;~l~""

    rc?s ~\ \ ~ \
    ~

    r )

    '\MA' ..

    l-

    2=:)

    Qc'o/-:
    )

    I rJ

    1~

    Coul.

    ~Jl..(h~_L,2..).
    .

    , _ _/

    G2c.v:(:t.<')(C1I'~~-;).To= -i2./. ~ Ic::-.J """""'.


    ').,. 5 'f;.W
    G" cl Qo....t ':: Tr l.1.j r ~ u / 1Nw'""
    )

    = 5,+1

    -ca
    -.....--------

    PROBLEM ~ 85'

    '"0",+_ Are proll. d~d fW- 14.. fllAAp te vs-por: pow-el"" p/41'l t A.+ .sft!t:4.~ S+a.ft.
    P ,t..JT) :
    l>-c -I.ov ........ 1'1 e ;-IA.& +~e to iN\A.-t -e ffr' CA'~,;\ c7 &V1. c:{ 1k. /N..#.t..ft.~ tI"~ t-e: (, f +k
    (Dell,,,,, lb...4e,... +k.v-o",,~ -ft-.-c. .c.,,,,,dt? HS-er,

    LCNOWN:

    00i\7.,.:

    8.'-'''EN

    SCH'iMATtC

    Power out
    ---.

    W~"""h:~

    Pi =0.08 bar
    2
    Xz =90%
    Cooling
    water in at 20C
    r----+--<J--

    5"

    Condenser

    "

    '--------11-- --t>

    Cooling
    water out at 35C

    Pump

    Power
    In

    3 P3=0.08 bar
    Saturated liquid

    f.Npv""lrl

    e..,clo.{l"'j e"'e'" '/. ~ foa..4.l'" c0"7'''nfl ..... t:s Ar~


    c:U- S{e,..~ S+a.~ 2. fir ea,~ e.-l-Yt>l VDIV""1e.) Il.~cl pok'",h'-t ~"""""S:J
    4l ~c.t:t
    ar e 1'I"~"i S,ie a s t e: ~ S+r~'~ frA",r

    Co",tvol

    ASS"MPTtClNS: 1

    Volu""'.t

    f--r-o.

    c..)

    A~A~'t"Sl.s:

    1> ~

    fD.r lAo"! ~~ cyd...t

    -t'--~kU"""-< -I1r'c..e~",,~ c..;~ t"A""O


    J
    ~. uc..t.er-c-c:l 1; ...,....... ~ - et dAd . ~..;c.- ~~ <> c.A4Jl.

    I..U ",.. ~

    Wtl.Vl#'/IOA _IWpg~1
    Q.I~
    Apl"'o''''5
    s~""

    """-U

    ~t"I'1"'~ht"

    W-i;l4rb.Ole:

    lwp"...., \

    It\.

    1'1 ~ bALAl'lU.r -to +e-.


    A.a f(U c,h 1M (1 ) jl\lr~

    AiI\cl

    .t,,,., ....

    ~ (hl-~I.).
    :. W. (lot.. . -t'3).
    :.

    (.~ )
    I1I-n\f.

    1@leA-'H

    fe,A."buY ../ lov-p

    ,tU1-cJ

    hl~14lS'.IIl:.';JII:,. T..bleA-'3: hl.~~~)(1.h.f1-

    ~1~111.88... o.~(J.lJo).I)~2n"'7te:'f'"". IAobl-eA-1:


    hl -:. IT~Gf ";;JI"~ . 'TAltleA-S: 11'1::' I 8eCi ~':I/~j.

    0,,"

    ~ (".- 'h.) - ~ (~'4-'t1) _ <.lit.-I'h)-(h-..-l1,) _ (1'11.f.1- U".r)- (188,t1-11~f)


    1M (k,-",+)

    = 0."3'3..2

    V\1- 11 'f

    l'31.'2-e)~)

    4-100

    ..

    (1'11.[.1 -

    188.'1)

    KNOWN:

    lNifh Ct
    tor "Ho\~

    A ~', ~t')< ~(.&.S J,ul"b,'""e power

    S ;1-1,)~

    sk.e.a.W\ etf cUr

    tU

    pl(ht+ t)P(l,V"o.t~.s a.+ sfe.etd'J s~-Ie


    +".~ Wo.,-lc.,'j,1J .f.,lu.l.a, ~-kt ore knC)w~

    ~k(lO.rV\.cd- va.yt~UJ 1"C&c,..J..(.:o~s.

    .plow

    FI ND: (a) De+eV"M I~ +ke. poweY r-.e.qC).:L ~(0 b~ fLte Lcsyess~~ a,~ Cb)
    ot-et.\. i.1e a.Kd eVtA-/ !;tale. ~ ...fl..eV'MQ. ( ~H-"/eV\ CAj ..f.eJr fLte. ~fA.S J,.v..r-h/",e ,
    SC/..f6A-IMIC

    wlVEy DA=rA-'.

    AsS()MP7/0IJS : (I) ECt.Ct~

    c..owh--ol vol.u~e..
    Skow'Y' lS d+ s+~(A~ sH:c.-fe.(l.) blear
    +'rtLMs.w is ",~ t;t3' ilol-e for +k.e. U>~ I
    voLu.Vhe~ evtcLOs" ~j .fu c.o~Y'c."s~or4~
    tun)\~e . (3) For +""~ h~C(.f exd.. .C4 L.tjw .
    ,~) ~,i:.Jeh'c ~ pc:*e/A.~
    elllev'!J a.t{e.c+S ave lII e, l i, iL,I-e . (4) ILe

    '..Ahv : 0
    ai

    iae.a.{

    ~t.e.(Lves ~s 4.V\

    ,fL.S,

    Compressor
    Air in
    520 OR
    14.5 Ibflin. 2
    42,000 ft3/ min

    Air out
    1480 oR
    14.5 lbf/in.?

    ~NALYSJS '. (d) -r~e. cOV\\fY'e,SOf"" p0l.ver- is o{e+ev-rn,-if\(.a blj (;c...si~ eM~9~ 4Mc.1 YWu;;
    1oce,{Gtlllce.s ..fc.r ~ ~~( 'VO(MVWl J.M.c.Los;":f~ ~~prsoY". irJ-s.~&<.~ ~

    o =/tv - Wc.o~ T M l (lAl-~1) T


    or .
    Wco~ : M ( V\j- ~7. ')
    wkeN'e ~,:, M2,. s JM, To q.e.-+ ~

    m::.

    (A \r) , ~

    ;;t.Y[t.) +'j( Yl~)J

    P, (AV-).

    ,e ,.

    "V \

    ~ (/4.5 IbJ./IlA.~)(1-Z.ooo~J/V\A.iA)/144 fv\.~ I~O M\~


    (~ . H d~f ) (52.0 0 e )
    f .ff2.-,
    I ~
    z..'8,'1

    = 1,8t7

    '1-(0

    I,."

    DR

    s Ib/k

    Now} wi..j,l,.. 6pec'I.ctc. ~.rkCt{pi~s

    h'2::

    z.?> J.

    9" 8iu/l b.

    .wt>Y\1

    T,,/")e ~-2lE.j

    hi:: 12.4.21 ~{t~ 0M4

    T\..w..s

    (
    8Lu.1 I he
    Wc.o~:'
    I. S't1 XlOIS \11)
    ; (124,21 - 2.31. ObJ -u; ).545 J3 ~ Jh

    =- 1 q lt1 0 hP'4
    (b) CoIM{>O'Y\~~ ~

    Cc..rPf<:>p'" i ~+e..

    Df.e.Y',d..\..~ ,&t

    .
    W(O~

    ~ O(A.~ -l-u,vb\",e

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    +"'c. C.Ol'\ ~I VdlVlMe. "Tt:..' r ir "-c..o'(10r,,, ftel c...= ~

    !,.."'fc

    ti\v\'.''11I'fJ

    (!"'~J

    A+ -t'-t w...f.J.:t J

    f'iA..... P",~--k.....".c."-'~re

    ...,;~
    '7W. kc1AAr fe~4~"e.

    off"... air

    <:o.d~ker ~ lu.,ke,. +~ ~ 1"",'hM ff-."."... (1.A.(.f.


    If d.uA- ti. ~ ~ t.AHf'o"- ef~c1:.

    4-(0 f(,

    ~', As rl..<>~rt h"

    ~NlO&UN:

    J,;1"...

    -f-A",/t,

    v--r-r

    -to ... s, or e,
    spriCf'c.l

    01 1c:1'1oO~'"

    .~.N\4I.'I'1

    vc:>/u""tc-

    co"'~''''-4'V\j

    "s

    .... +c.c.o-p~t~

    ~f<Ar~ .. + A. ",""''''''''''''' s.+--J:.a~tJ-ec:l J AI/tH.v:~,


    ~ ... -lM", "'5 CO"" si1It .d- ~ SS lA a"e c....:. -t'~ -t-. to' e;
    fi.....,A ,v.,/d1 ..0 A 1+.',d\C~d .

    S"

    . c.v t....' 1Co

    (tA) r+~tufa .."" IjV~ ..0

    FlrJO:

    -f~

    ";~"d

    A ...... v""f-

    .,Je.fe,,~N-I~""""'S.r ~-fL .,....... tt::.

    O.S'/

    en) Plcd +t- ~u """ -(f....c. ~I'\.t:


    ~ .." -.D "1 en. I. f-c.r r~t'\ ~.~ ~ fr"'- 0.1.+0 / .() .

    +rtl"'''.fer "e t"'rut

    -Iv....... r~.

    <! Gltl't/..J

    'S"cH~MA-"nc

    ::::::::::::::::::::~::/:::::::::::.
    :::::::::::::::::::=:::::::=:-:~ ..:-..:=-:

    A.tA.cI

    +i..4

    q,,,cI

    /.o.u..:t

    l)"'7~:

    r:

    v.

    /lAY'" ~ <:l 11-r0"1 0-

    e.1I1 f.\

    0.06 m3
    p - 15 bar:
    )(/:::' 0.2.0

    -l-_ _-.-..:l't"'e.-

    IS j,q, r

    -::;:;,;::;;;::~:~:;;.;;:.:

    A'SUMPT(O,v~:

    c~ ~l

    I.

    vdvlM-t)

    S. AT ~ '-;;.

    T~ cOl'\-vo1 volv_e

    We" ~o

    eo -1"'''-' s+..... to

    ..,..,..." _ u rA,+q

    ANAI...l"S't:

    (4~rtJ"""""'(h~

    TN"'/(",),~ 4$,1'11""'1'1\'""" ~

    z.

    ~ <Dc."

    -+

    -e.lII.e~'t e~c.N A~ ",er"hl~.

    ~t J AJ

    $ L..otll'l

    ~"""cv/cl;t ~

    ,.._cis

    h"

    ~::..
    ci...k

    [d. ""'= v =>

    '= INI1.. ~ -

    l.te:l 2.7e,2.Z. jc.":11"~

    -';'e..

    ""1. U'l." ~, U I

    ""c lA I
    )

    Nooo",u..;t;r

    Q c." -+-

    -::.

    p-II d4'~, t'"A--.

    W.+c-..~ c..,,~'u...:tL ..

    he C.... l

    -""',]

    } 0

    or

    (I)

    4"""0

    =( I.J~3') ... 0.1.[0. 1118- I~] = 0 0 ~1"Z6.!:!1


    ~

    \1e. [ k1a. .. \1\1, J

    "..f~ )(.,(11,-'4)
    \: 10

    ~ +"'-'.

    a; ~v +- he ~
    d. 't

    i"~VAh~ ovo-r ""~

    ~"
    "I:

    lo... lAMcc

    ~?

    cL*

    CM\\.t<C.

    t:.illlef-f((f't1~I4~~

    "",,-'..u

    For-f'-t-

    ~ ~S'l~ "'A(~""U. ~~ tb

    ~ :: a2c.v - ~e\..ae.

    A"U'cV'

    o.~ci

    -f"'-t 'Sc~"""-Aft'c::.

    rkol.'m in

    tS

    ./o~

    1<"3

    ':1!7'

    0""""'
    . . . 2 1'1'1 t::~
    M , -:: ;r, -:
    "'t"l.8~J~='
    V

    ().O"l.

    u I ~ u~ ... )(, (1.\, -l.4f) -= fCf3 ,ICo 4- o.1(2.~1tJ..~ - i" 11,- 1 ':: II Q3." ~QII:J
    WI-tl..~ '''~e "'A\\4e~ fu~ "-,;"-' J Uf <II.~"U9.J '1'2.: "of +
    M" ':. V /1Ji .
    )(~

    (I))

    OrS

    'I(

    a. (II~- vf-)

    4 ... cl

    U 2. ':.

    u.f." ~"Z.( ~~ - ~ t) .

    A-I{"J

    Tkel'\)

    .
    '. .
    3
    " ~ ((.In" -t ,o;S[D.t'319 .. 1.:!.'].9'1 = O~ o",cfi'.!3.
    ~ \.. 'OS J
    ..
    16~ .J

    1="

    1..(",::

    643db-O.5{.J.S'1.:f.S ... 843,11,,]= 1118.a 1C-J/-=5

    -6)cv "':.

    (o.qO~)( 171~.i) - ~.lqCj

    :: 25""".'S"te~

    y"Jt'3.4'
    .) -

    1.7til1.(O.'i0'3-'2..l'l1)

    ............- - - - - - - - - - Gcv

    4-l07

    (b) 1>ec.fa. a.re Ob~lket1 -fo

    MCl/rA

    -fLv1.

    r'e1(A.I~eJ

    r'oh u~;"'.5 t T,

    AS

    kllolAJ-s:

    ITeode
    V = 0.06 II m3
    p = 15 II bar
    x1 = 0.2
    x2 0.5

    m1 V I v1
    m2 = V Iv2
    Qcv = m2 * u2 - m1 * u1 - he * (m2 - m1)
    he
    u1
    u2
    v1
    v2

    =hsaLPx("WaterISteam", p, 1)

    =usat_Px("WaterISteam", p, x1)
    =usat_Px("WaterISteam", p, x2)
    =vsat_Px('WaterISteam", p, x1)
    =vsaLPx('WaterISteam", p, x2)

    IT Result

    (X2

    =0.5)

    o., =2547 kJ

    The ....- esulf .fol'" 'X a.::0.5 C-oMp'""re.s veY~ -(.el vorablJ wi.J.", +lAe Yes u It o~ petY+ (~).
    NDW I US, '" ~ -I'kt E:;c I "(H!bu fI (1"k, ~ SWfle.p X", from e.a +0 t, 0 l~ s+eps cf ().~S.
    The -k> How I~j plo+s (lV-e. U1YI-,h-CAcfeJ :{rettA tLvl da.k :
    2.2 , . . - - - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    2

    1.8
    1.6
    1.4

    Sf
    N

    1.2
    1
    0.8
    0.6
    0.4
    0.2
    O-t----,-----,--,-----,-------,--,-----,-----,,...----r----l

    0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

    3500 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    3000
    2500
    2000
    1500
    1000
    500

    0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

    4-/08

    PR.oBLEM ~q'L
    Ar'\ ii'l1h..,/y -~"acvAJ.&d

    k:.t.JowN:

    s~-

    k..,r

    we.U-ii"tr14/.

    vnh"/ ~1A.tp-vul,A.".e

    1M:

    teet

    -fl-...e fA.,,1c

    +A"'#;..

    AtJ-".,.",S

    is.

    f;lI~d

    fro-..

    Io.r,.-e..

    vA.lue) p.

    "lpec.../red

    .,.,

    Flt-Jo: (tit) D~~r-""""",,,c -fl-.-t ......... .s.r~Vi..l-fe"""'pU'tA.-ktre. i"""-tAQ.+-~l::: W&U""p-::/Sb4('.


    u.} Plot -t~ w...u 4M~ .Joe -I'~(T. h.a ee i"" -t-L...c. 1-41<.1\ Ie:. ve "'ru~ p I"'tt""j ,'",-, fro...... <:>., to I S'"bA~
    :S-C H'i' mATI c g 6:.1 V~N D 1t" 7~:
    I. Tlo...& co",+.--o I

    At.rI1t"tPTlo,,",S:

    ~ sc.~_,.~(. '1.

    Fw-+",,:,

    VolvlN\C

    "

    oS

    t....w.l1'\

    CCN\~\VOIVw...-J

    WC.v:Oj

    (&,,4 k.,~n-cll'oitVih~ ~lIl.'~''t "f~c1T O(~


    t\E'j h'c;",le. 3. ~H ..d~t ",'J -t"- s+r. ~ AI ~I ~s CO""l},." t

    Q,,,:o I

    AJI-)"l.'t'SI~: TN "'-u ...... + b.,.I.",(~ re4d~ d Witcv lett: .M:.


    w.tlv ,.... .lA c. ~o (lo U" \'\4
    DMoO J +k.t (lIt~r,'1 r'"A'I /:),.(.",4.
    few C." i 0

    rh

    cl "'UC1f

    cL t

    SO \"'c.e \.,~

    ,,; cel-O s+....d-

    ,;,./ ,. /
    = ,;;-v
    -,)R c..,

    (A~ r """"F r. "" ~)) 'lI\~'\Y'''' h ~

    ~-vcv ':. ~.. ~ Me" ~

    \M,.

    \,(~ ~ \A\

    -;

    'v\,,'

    t ~1.

    ,..:."

    ~ ~ro-&.

    r:

    rJ

    h . -:::::..
    d 1.Tcv _ ". d ~
    -=1
    ciA d.=l"
    "'"

    f\~c.

    -e:t>

    ;4

    l,I1

    I ~s

    ~ ~.A'

    IT Code

    V 10 1/ m3
    pline = 15 II bar
    Tline 280 11C
    P 15 II bar
    u2 u_PT(IWaterISteam", p, T2)
    hi h_PT(IWaterISteam", pline, Tline)
    IT Results Cp 15 bar)
    T z 424.7 C
    These ruul-l-$ co~pare
    u2 hi
    v2 v_PT("WaterISteamil, p, T2)
    mz
    47.39 kg
    vey~ -fa vc>rClbl'j w;+Li
    m2 V I v2
    vz 0.211 m3 /kg
    HAt ,.~suHs cf '("-riCe:.).
    /Vow) u.s'~1 -rh~ ...xplore 1otA.bl-O'7\J sweep P frv~ 0.1 fb J::; btU") jvt 5fqs Dfo.,. Th42
    fotlolA;i...~ ? lol <:,....ll C4"Ilsh-kc;fed .fn,lt1 ~ eI..ccJ,:..:

    =
    =
    =

    =
    =

    =
    =

    425

    50 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    40

    420
    OJ

    30

    20

    415
    10
    0

    10

    p (bar)

    15

    10

    5
    p (bar)

    15

    PRo8LEM Lt, 'J~


    KNOWN:

    EIN12 "

    A 5wrO:fjfl fo. .... k. COYl.fo..iYlI'vtj

    r<efvjtje.r"~w.t

    leokaliowi/l1J
    ~~ftLr~+eet vOfor foe~c.ti..pll u""til tke level of 5cttitm~ 1i1 uiot ,~
    tke -h-l'1k. na.s d~d -Jo 01. k"" OI.H"" ViA IIA e ,
    petev-rn IHe -lh(l, m~ 'i sof QfrljemJAt -iM:f ~ e~CA(Je.J. aJAd -Ike hettf

    tra. ViS fer:


    t

    5C~A-TlC

    (3"(4 develDfs Gl

    ..'. ,.' e.

    ~J \leN DATA:

    'I

    ASSVMPnONS: (I) Fer

    +"'e

    (oYlfroi

    ...

    ..

    voltuVl~ W 0, (1.) kl"~He. a.w.\ I r~.t:r-.. sa.t, 'I A-p0'("


    fl~~,lAlt\A.' e~e~~ (fk~ ~fe. ~ .. :~.:
    I~UO e. (3) 11I\e. P"'t's~u.~ IS
    I
    ..... Sed I'
    'I
    /'......... .1_" 't
    , - , I~\)U. lG-\
    \..(),.S~
    ,
    t ,"
    1
    I

    p:: (00 (b~ 11",,"1V = ll+3


    V.,. ~ I. Co-fP
    V'z.:' O. C6f't 3

    ( v -:.

    ~.....

    ANM,Y51~~ Th~ ~~S r~te. betl~c.e.

    J. nle~t:::

    To ~.e.+ fL.te.

    1'\'\, - Vl1"Z..

    _-.., i"- R-\ ~ l{0..


    iakes flAe. -f.erm
    (MASS

    o.\'t'\c.v Id+ -; -

    ~c.' :rll\~m.-h~

    esCA.p(Z~)

    Ml4.S5e~} use fke.. 5\'vei/\ vo(urnes <JM.J ~ ~ lGx.Me A-ll a.t 0.-

    p"'es~u.V'Q ef 100 Ibfl(~~


    M-F I ~

    YV\

    V~I
    e,

    5,

    ( l.~ .c.t-'!.)
    (0.0 I '1~ 'l.. (k') 1\':

    v.f. :

    V~I

    ...

    'W\\ -:. 'Yh~,

    -::.

    l"") 0 I

    V-V.fl _ 1- t.1o . .
    ~ - O. tn\( 1 -

    c:

    <..

    lb

    O.~l.\ lI.

    + Wl"3, -:. llO.Q~ \ b

    S \~ \Ja. V It.J -for sta.te. 2.


    V\tIf"l. -::. ~O.Ofo

    l1o) m ~ '2. -= 2. S' ~ lb j

    YV\ 'to -=

    <O~. S~

    Ib

    1..

    S ~e et + : :. l1. o. q<D - CD1. sq -=. S~.11

    lb

    4-Ca----------=-..:..:.;L::;:.:.

    With

    tl.~~u.W\p-tioY\S' (I) ~ (2.)

    ike. e"evval1

    rde, bAlaM.C~ f'~es +0

    cl~ ~ Q,v - Mf. ~e.


    Combl~'V\1 +~~ W\.ctu ~d e.\I\~ ~ r~c. bA.l~e5 ~ I-~~'Y'('.(.h ~~

    Q (.1/

    :. Y\1"1t..l1. - 'M,

    u , - J"e (W\oz:-Y\1, )

    From 4he')Ye) XI ':: YY1j, (M \ :: O.OO(q'fl.( ~ X '2. -= V'V\j-a./ '017, = O.Olfoq::J. 'Tk..us )wrHo\
    tlct\C( fn>'(h ,alo\e A- (1 e .
    1J.. :: Uf -+ 'X, (U.~ -(,(f) = ~l.'2.l B~/ll:, ,) 'Uoz. = ~q.t{(,p a~/'~

    ~f. ':~5 @>

    lGO

    \\"~l,,,,,1- -::. 112.4tD 6","'\fo

    ~ (<-'1. ~q) (~ct.'.) - (l1.0 .QCP) (~1,1.') -( U2.'f.)((,2. 'Set - n.D. 't~)
    : l( S ~'1.";4

    '3+,--, 4IIlIitCair----------------4- JIO

    PRO'BLE/'1 4.Q 4

    Ic.'6

    He.liv,"","s w ..~"d,.~w", .slol.4)/y -fYo


    ~
    e.u~-, ........ /o.~cL ~ ....
    t:~
    v"i,'1 4-~ P-US'S'I.At'~ (.ul~'" +<- ..,... ~ 14 f. ThQ ie--r~"""fc.cr'e t.A.I,~",
    -4tL... lc IS lC.ep+ co"'.d.... t. b~ a~ e.-t.c/y,~ ~r,sfo"..

    tc.NOCVf,J:

    I(O(I1~
    ~

    ~"

    -e'M"'~'J

    '4'

    W~ .... r-:.18Ibfli/f.', ~e~"'I44I~ ~ M-ItSl'-f


    40 -f~ ",".HI'd,,,.. (b) P ltd +~ f V~H" f,:/i"f'
    IS' -10 30 Itf/itt.l

    1t'\(l1M'

    ('l'.\1'\~'~5

    ~/,II"",

    of p- t

    <.Prft,.a."."-CM at'\u~
    l,.) VC?jffL.lS P

    fn"'"

    S(:"~MA"tlC

    <t

    ~ I fEN

    A~S'UM'PTt()..,t:

    U 1\TJ'i:

    'is

    I.

    VO I Vl4l e.

    T"- cOt'\trol

    ~~W'" i~-fi...t ~c.~VV\a.-ht.

    2,

    F; r:

    c.o\l'\~1 volu""\4'J ~cv=O ) o..""c:l


    ~llIle~'c:.1 (Ute.... hM e lfter4jJ .e tyc~ ~
    /o.A. ;j"'-CIre. ~. l...kR...v"""'- ~ ~w. fed
    ~ ~V\ ~ clo~ Sa.t, 4-. ~
    +~ i\HI t tor ..... C tIo\.ll E k4J~ k

    T:: ,("ooF
    p\ = SO '_f/iltt.

    _S$

    of

    -tv 1M

    I ' lAD'~J

    TN.. ~U' of ~elt'v"", (.,'-t~"'"""" c!I~6.. ~~c il<'\-kr~ ~tndJ t-~


    d'f(~r\U. /0-<. fw.eel'\ -fI-.. Il<\l'h~ 4",",-V.vf 1 ~ss ~ ~ +-r-t. ~ ~ ~ss_""",' ~
    +-..Jc. ~ -tk ..4b- ~"""e :
    Ct\ ,".'c"..~ w if k~~) ': ~ I - M 2. SO ,...- Ii ~ /2..) +t-c.... cl..uJ. ~ 04
    V A. -1\"",
    s hJt,.. ~ /o.c.. ~ 't. ,A4 t.u r If<. ~ "-"'0 10 t t v...v-o j CAl ~t. p~::. p:
    At-JAl..'r'''S:

    g,

    ~'!
    lZ.:r

    Th.t _ u A .. ~ h..l"'lIlu

    <'1)

    U~c"'/d:t'~ -~E!.'

    T"'-t

    'MY,:;,

    ~ Io~~u ~u.., +0

    cl1JC.... /cL:t'::~~ -~c.v -";'4l"'e. T",~""c.o"'j ~~tr~~A.l.I'lU2Jta"d~f\''''~+t..A

    he

    (e~""t (.oa;\$n.....::'l b~~ -k......,.J:V,.~.:., ,""",S~""*"..J

    ~! ~

    - We,",

    ~ '-'e '::'" ~ LHJ"ev

    'S,~ ~"""1'e..t""~""""e ~

    CD

    2;7

    ~e1'c.,) c.~.-"",1.\ = (P,-p)'V/P-7 )


    (_
    (4)

    ~'''e.o1044cv ~ (-lJJc:,,)-= ""'1~.-ktIUI-("'~4"",)he..

    U 1 :.uCT))LI''':.,'''(T))

    C.""S-\a",l'l

    <-- w,,,) ~ (~. -""''lll'd)e.,

    =-\)Jell
    UI:-t...p...

    'jillil'\j

    -i'~544 R1"ud71

    p:.18

    l~/i"~) e.~.(2.)

    fj

    ,\IoOO

    1-:

    I. zet fo (10-

    T~~)
    p)

    '8~

    (~.W,~tWlI\.oM) =O.OS~~"'J/'t.('~) ~Iv-Dco

    (-Well):: IS5S' aM.


    (~J

    """6 sfo.;t.J (-<0,,,)= ( ....t-~l.) Itt

    (-Wc,,) -:(f,-p)V.

    ~c,,)= <. ~o - p )~ll~~i:?l t1-f'f 1) 11~:~"bf

    laJht'~

    hE' ~ (A(T; +(p\T')e.. Tt.u-

    Pt.-oTS

    "'I-II (

    (3)

    K.NOWN:

    AVlI~.sul,du:( -to.f,1.k. CC-YJ+o..,'t\'~ 0 >cy~ e -is co'tlnecfeJ. -Jo 0. s~~


    //Vte. carr~ I ~j Q"lC Y 9.e ""-.
    A V~(I/e between fl.1e -1411.1c. ~ fl-t<a IKe
    is ~vt.eel oWid ~a.S fio~s 111I.+0 -ftte.ftA.kk IA.llt.fa the. pressu.re. f"'eec.a..es
    1kA.!f t>f tIAe (,~e. lke v~(\le. is. clc%ed ~VlJ eVlA:1-t.t'4 (~+{"e ~W<..
    confe vds ceo I to fA.clc. -10 -+he Lr t III i fi cd V\A.pe rtJf, ~ re .

    +e.

    j)efefmivte (~) the +a.V\k. te,~ ...o.hA.,.(2. wk~ +11~ v~Lv'(t closes ().M.J.

    Faun:

    (bJ th(!. fl ko..l

    pfes.suV"e

    ;1/\ t~ *"'~

    SCH=MA-ltC j (;,\,VGAJ 'VA-7A:

    p. =1.(0

    IbF{,k2.

    7j =~o

    "F ~,st.{ 0

    '

    ~:::. 100 Jtf (i",L


    -r_
    IZ -

    7i =(0 DF-=SltOR
    ~

    I)

    A"'A("v5/S~ (~J

    :: 7

    Cents lder .fl;r~t +~e .fi(lI~5 ?rceess. lhe mC(~s ra./e. b"l~H'C. -/ttlc.es

    f~..f(,rm dmcvlaf = Wti (A.~

    ()'sSlA"'t~(I)J<.z..)Jtl,J'\d.C3),-tl-te e)1e~~

    with

    rate. bttliA. Yl.ce reduces +0


    dUll
    /:Yf 0_,/0
    ,
    cl+ =.J6N~C\l + Vl'\, hi

    The. speclf,c. e.V\+4AcVf~ ''''' +~Q. s"'fp\~ ll~e ~ (4)'\.&~\o\.-t. CoV\'\blV\l~j ff,.tQ.

    e~e r~ Cj

    ro.;fe bo.le:uI1.ces, ~~ ,~teJ7ywt-1 h1


    "Y\"I'l. U"l.

    tAS\~j

    fLte ldeeM
    \1fl ::..

    C(jWIb,itl'~j

    m,

    (Awl

    = hi ('(\11.- V\1, )

    l.(,

    [j~S e~lAc:d'~ ($If 'SfeA.tE.

    p, V

    R T,

    '2.

    h\ + T"
    . .ll.
    I, f'Z.

    Table A-Z3e.
    "". :: (38ls{'.<o
    \

    = p-z. \I
    RT'Z,.

    ('1l.~V'''~\.~j ~\ves

    evv0.
    'U.'l. ':.

    tY'Om

    """SS

    (u I

    l.t )
    \

    6~/\b~ol) :: l")'l.'{~

    ~2.()O \6 1110 rt\ol

    "lA, ~~(,13.2/S2.00

    l'BokA/lb

    =g~.S<.o P.>4..II~

    J(,lsev.J.'~1 VetltA.eS
    1A.,:: l"lI.4~ .... (O.Q?,2 01)T1.

    ~h".ce. 'U.'2. Gk.ep"wis ~ T'Z,. ) tke. +-l'iA",,( +e~et"~-k.tf"'e. Lt.t.1A be. -Fcv.lftcl
    1,(051"'1 ol~~.f,!OM Ta.L,Je. A-Z3 ~ #tis e~p"'eSSlO'\l\. Tbte resv.-It IS
    Iz ~ <o<Dl or< ~ 20\ 0F<

    4-

    uz

    b'j

    iieYatl~

    12-

    (bJ

    I~ dekn~ I~e ~c., p(e~~r.e. ~fl-er +~e. cevI:feJ,t-(s of -Ike.. .jak.4.. cool off,
    itIC< the. ~A.SS l~ +ke -J-all\k. ,f/er
    Vetlv'f! closes

    tke.

    fl rst f-I

    "}'W

    "2. -

    p,.V

    RT~

    (lOOlbi"iA~)(Sff-3)

    - ------- l S 'i 5 #. I~f ) ( ~CD l e)

    \ 3>1.00 Lb. o~

    -:: :>.1 ~ Co /1,


    1ku..s I tl..e

    +\~A f p~5u.re is

    ~ ::. 'M2. RT3


    3

    4-1/3

    l'I.fLf,~1.1
    , ofF,

    ------rI
    I
    ~ ~vth ..t 52.0,

    p,: 'MPo.)

    P2,1: lo5MP...

    o, S"" p'&. ~
    f'0't' tb)
    <pAt'+- c::\)

    ~ M P"" fr:,r
    'S'

    ,.,.

    10

    ao

    "'" (,iC,)

    ASSOMPTIDNS :CI)F=o,.. -t~~ e..t<\ +r. I V&luMe. Shew", "'" tl\e, f,',vr~1 Wt,,/: 0 o..'\d I<I'~ 'h'c. o."d
    P.h,d'i'AI "-...~)' e.ffee.+J C'#,.. U ,'t\lDr~. (1,) A't ee.e.. '.. S+AlIIt I pre $$urt Is 1I111"f.~ .... "h".~ ".'" + ~ to*lt1,
    ANAl-'(SIS:{Q'The. "".-u ra.h 1o ... 'a.>\C'e. ...." ...

    I;s\ed I

    fl\t. ..t'IU'9"( 1'Q.-\~

    dVSy
    d t:

    -""$

    ""'c fo~- dMcv/dt ~

    \)&;>\,5 o\\\.t

    """l#""p+"O"S

    Q~e ~
    "Y

    o."u i" \-c, "Ai\'~'


    A~... :. Q~" + ,"'e,ciMcv '~ Qcv; "".. u.~ -

    'j...+ro4v~,,~ tl\t

    -M .

    Oa.\."'ft. Is

    r-...h. bo.i.A"f~

    2-

    "", \4,

    -J~d""
    I

    w~rt ..... o,,,,'hs t


    u (.0"' ,"'0 ~,4 '" +1\. 4-A"'~. Ai ......y i.u+.... +) ""':a. vi.., "",I" ~ V l't
    ~p.... ~.'" volulO1c At
    + ,".+ t ..c.h ,.... d b~ l:loC ."cl +&"e. +AI\~ p~~s~"'''~. '1'.. ,'+".")',
    p,"L.MPo.., CO "TA.~Ie. .4-4 ~ive.t y,'::.o.o3nb~al!31 tA,c ~7"l.ot&:SItJ:,. FI".'I"I F\<a/.r-,...f>.. , so 'II.::

    D.l1ir15y.,"),IK..~ 11.4~~ U17-1 ~';)Ir:j' T"'IU

    .... ~

    'i' 0.0$$]6" ./~

    ftt, 4t.
    +"'~

    t1ot'

    ~o ......

    very
    te."I\I'I:

    :z

    .2.S.t 1'.9

    ..... ': V ..
    -'l.

    ( z)

    ~-

    preu .... W'es ,'"" +"'e. 'lO\~,,,.,, .. I,.s"'..<P<:'~,OMP... )+,,e. 101.0.11


    t"e. +,."'\0(. c....", 10 u..1c:u(A-h.c1 I'''' ',Io:e \0'\....... ,..
    ~Q i~e. ,~&( f,'f.. elllt k ""1':t
    r_'ud (-rCl- T...ble.4-4- .,,+ noD-Co "lui +11& 'pc"''''~d pfC'UI.lI't. Tl1ese. VCl\I.I~S cdt.""

    For ea.c.!oI.

    .... t""

    ,~

    .:. -

    ...,

    0+

    o~

    1 to'1.

    "t.0.. .. 1"

    Stlle .. al

    he. ", ~ ~I'''t'''' "bOte. -fobfL cOl1sIYucf.d, T~e. o.reo.. lI .. dar +ke. I.'l"\e.
    e1""h +!\e. t-.f"'M.
    - fZ.n .. d~ of e,.cl). As +"'-'$ V"1','4~'O'" ,'s
    1,\I\c..... t"'ct. o..v."'-.~e \fo.ll.\t. '0", ne. c.A'" be. tA.se.c:lto ~V.d\l41e. r"""s
    J

    r1..

    '

    he. ciM :

    lthe),"*{h.~ )t~. -h\) _ ('loll., -t~,n''')(1S'',r_6:67)


    2.

    2."

    .. ~17."$' ~ \I~o,'3~t): (,0737 IC.J

    'let

    ~e.,; ~.,"'JI=' )('2.8".1 ~~)_ (:&s:t>t:,)( ~7U> ~)


    :

    'L

    ~S'

    341\- "J'

    ;-

    J\

    '0737 ~J

    -....o - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    4-114-

    __=_

    IT Code

    V 1 II m3
    p1 = 60 II bar
    T = 320 II C
    p=15 II bar
    pp = pI 10 II MPa
    Qcv = m * u - m1 * u1 - he1 + he) 12) * (m - m1)
    he1 = h_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T)
    u1 = u_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T)
    v1 = v_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T)
    m1 = V I v1
    he = h_PT("WaterISteam", p,T)
    u = u_PT("WaterISteam",p,T)
    v = v_PT("WaterISteam", p, T)
    m=V Iv

    Key IT Results (P2 = 1.5 MPa)

    c; = 6534 kJ

    h ez = 3081 kJ/kg
    h e1 = 2952 kJ/kg
    mz = 5.666 kg
    m, = 25.8 kg
    Uz = 2817 kJ/kg
    U1 = 2720 kJ/kg
    Vz = 0.1765 m3 /kg
    v1 = 0.03876 m3 /kg

    The r~51A.11s -!tx' f'"l.: '.S MPA co"'pC4i""e v.eY!j t.-I/c,..a(,/'j c.oi4-~ ~e res"lis c(r4yfCtx) ,
    NOw, u.s 1'11\.' ~ explore fou:blo~J swoep p..froM D. 5 ~ & MP~ ,.... .skps of DeS. Tl.Q.
    . foUOw,.~ lof is (..(I")l.S fye.c."k ~ +ro nA ~ d.a:fet ~

    8000
    7000
    6000
    5000

    ~ 4000
    ~

    3000
    2000
    1000
    O-t--,---,-----r---,-,--...,..---,---,------,-r--"!

    0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6


    P (MPa)

    4-1(5

    ,,
    ,
    I

    A-J~

    '==--"""'-"=-,....",-,.....,_..........._~

    (3J
    ( If)

    (S)

    4-116

    PRoGL5M 4-. ~1 (c.oVl-L'd)

    FrOM Table A-2o, c/r ~ 0.1/7 k::r//<-s.I<.. Tkus

    U<c."

    ~.7/7 ,,:r/~'K)

    ,e.3
    lY Jc:r)
    _.-

    (l- i\)-(t;.)

    QW\1){tOO-300))..P~

    ;).8.'7 ~.I<

    CD

    = 3.3'1

    l'03I kfC\,."Mt.fl J/,r


    N'm
    tJ/

    10

    l:r.. . . ._ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    tit'lt- +ke. enevgfj -Ira.kS~ is 1~+O +l.t.e


    control volu.M<2. FOr.. A tJ...':(fev-eu.(; 1If)./ ue c.t (f04JfrtJfic e~pol1e/lf.t, +ht!..
    Vtt lue wot;d.J. be. d t.#e,reld=.
    J.

    "71te q'c%ih'"e -,l1.11\

    oIenD.J.es

    PROf3LM ~ '18
    0

    A ~dl-\fA~u.la:t-~J.

    KNOWN:

    5lAfply h~e

    a t.f-e-.cl~\e

    to.\A.k.. cOV\t1L\t\\V\9 1<-I'34-AlS c..OV\l'\ec.tee-t fo ~


    Jts V'e..(..V"\q~lA.-\- is Allowe.J. +0 t--low t~~ +ke +a.~k.)

    101~e.Y' ~lA ~f..-te.L\o\k t.~po..\JlGls

    to

    Mo..llA\--o.~lA +k~

    f"etrlge..ro.lA.t \v\ ~e. ta.'Ak a+ GO\'\St!A.v..+ (p~S'lL".o


    '])eterM\V\e. +Lte.l\mou.~ sf- Mit'S Q.d.HAifted 10 +~e +o.",1c. he.J.w.te~
    t~e i~I,+IA.( +tiMe ,u~d +k~ )"'S+(A.\\.t w-hev\CtLl +ke li~lA.\c:( \'" +lfe

    EIND..:

    4tc.&A.k. is Vttpori '2.eA..


    t

    ScHeMA-TIC

    Gr\tl/A..J DA-TA ~

    Cons+al.t t- 'J>R!ssu. re:


    ~

    - - -- -

    ~~o-

    T '
    to

    "-

    1'2.0 0c.

    r--+-Flexible bladC~

    JnitiallCj Xi = 0.8

    R,-ll4o..
    300 kPa

    'm(:'

    :2 S

    k3

    x ~= 1.0
    Une: 1000 kPa. 12OC

    AjSUMPTlolJ S : (I \ ,he con+rol VD I.u..Wle ie sHown wifl.\ G.c." : : 0 . (21 CoY\Gli+tcMs


    \-~ +\Ae. $Ufp~ \\'V\e. ("e.~\", c.oY\S~\A.t. CaJ TV\e ~f'e~su.re. v-eMo..\V\s c.o~~~t '\\.'\ +\.\e.
    to..v\'~' (tt) l<"",e+lc o.\ACJ. f0\-e.\,\+\tt\ eV\e.r~'1 eWecfs Qre. V\~\\~\\'\e.o
    ANM..'i$li~ -r~-e.

    #e.

    t"t.l,te. b"l(Al.\ce. ~ +1Ae. {.orm) <!'Mc.,,/d.+ : M(.o


    CA~~u..~~hot'\.& li"steA, +-l.-te. e.V\e.rqlj ra.-\e. ~Cl\CtVlCe. is
    M.iA-'S

    dUo

    "/,o

    cJ..+v =Ac..v - w(,v

    The sp~clhc eVl+h'dpy


    'MASS {A\.'\&

    he. is

    ~~

    .... Y'V'l i. \,

    COYlS1lllAi h~ a.~s(,(.mp+to\i\{z..).

    eV\~r(j'j r~e.. loa.klV\ces ~ i&!\fe.jra.,-f\"~

    TLu.t.s J (oWlbi&;\I~~.f~e..

    t~

    /lUc.v:; -WC,II +
    S\V\te

    W,-l-'"

    lS (.OV\.S+A.\A.

    St, ~, hi. dt

    AlJc:.v:' -'tV"., + hi. Ji,

    To eva.l (.(.ide. +~e


    111M.s

    We v

    Com biill \~~

    :::

    ~.

    (I)
    -Wc.v + lA i (YV11.-W\,)
    wo'('k.l note. tkat +l.,.e pres&t..u'e ilA -t~e. +tc.~k is co KSI-Atd

    .J

    r dV

    (I) 0.. \l\.t-< (2.))


    "l-z..U,1o- VV\, lA\

    \'hi

    dt

    JC

    :: p(V7.- V. ) ~ r(~2.v,.-W\,~)

    o..lIlGl vtofLlAj +kQ.t Aq,,, :::

    ~,. u,'Z" -

    ::: - p c V\!\,. ".). - m ''''''1

    ~ L ~,.- M, )

    -I-

    -m'Z.U.~+fV'.) - ~~1:: Wl,ttu"+f\T,) -h~1


    'M,. (

    hz:k~ 1

    -:: .

    'YVl,

    k, - \.)~ 1

    Yl1, U,

    (z.)

    SoIIlH"1

    VI12.

    w,1,.. -:.
    UlC"'5

    wt (
    l

    ft-"-

    dA,+a..

    h\ -lit~ )
    h't.-h:.A

    7~ A-II, cd 31ocr.,.:

    Vtl ': ~o.fs +- (~.i')L""'7.)1-~'(SJ

    h'L "::
    1Yv- '7~

    ;)'f~

    s-1

    e:.~

    V)..i=

    A-ll)

    ~ tM. ==

    h.;=

    z: ]..08.;;.'(-

    1t:.5
    iSc.,.2.. ~:JIt::.5 . l~

    wt Z. - INtI

    ;; 1 'f. 01 - 2f :. c::r. 0 S lCj

    4-1

    ,~

    so.s-~ h~= 2'1-7~~ Ic."J/~

    te-:J/~.J

    A5SrJMPrt o,ys ~ (I J Forf1e. Cf)rI:lrof volume. 6Jt~WIl) ~cv=o.


    (1.) I<I~efl'c tM\Gl pOkvr.+14/ e".e'9!1 e.ee"f.s ~ be J1eq/ecfett. (3) Tlte. wei,hf ef }lvz. piston CU1d fri(;tlo~

    ~~

    . . petwe.evt ft1e. pistoY\ tA.~ c;y I i "cC~y Wd.lI CAJi\ be


    l'tBlec(ecl. eLf) Ttte a.w- hel-taves a s (1'1 i'deft! 84S.
    AN4L'lSI S ~ The met ss rtl:(e bola J(C<z' ~ +he.
    -forM cJrnev / eL+ .. ~ i' Wi+h t""'~ (;"~S('('MP+IOYlS
    li stecA, +ke eV1et1f~ J;;~~/.1Ce j~
    d. lJe-v
    ;./ 0 ,
    ,
    dt = f6/..cv- Wcv t
    ~c:

    r\1,

    Diameter = O.3m
    Initially: L] = O.5m
    T] = 300K
    P: = 1 bar

    300-6 TS"'PPI~ ~ SOoA:.

    The l,~e ~vuLi+,C>Y\.s Ctfe. (1)\1sfat.vt) So L,i, is c.ons+a.Kt. Cumb,'i.1I"'J ft... Wltiss

    rale.. h~la.nces a~ ,""'feg.-a.fl hJ


    .
    '1'l'll.ul..-m, f.,(, =- - We-v + l-t, (}'\1z.-Y\-l,)
    (I)
    To evaluate: -rhe WOy"-) 'r\.ote ~llt iite. pressur.e.. iV\ +l.te CA:t(,nder is ().(w~.s
    ettme"pheriG s,nee.. the proc.es;s is slow l(M{;{ ~ill\ce ~SSliMpt~(3) "V'flies.
    llu.t.s
    r\1,,We,,::. JlblV ::. reVz.- V,)
    (A,~ eK~r9q

    'From +he lJl'vevt da3a....


    V - (j\ J p'\~ ) L ::
    l

    \.

    Vz. :.: O,070'-B

    VJ e v -:.

    (Tt (. 4

    '3 2.} Y\'l'1.) (o 5 m) _

    ().035'3'( WI

    rl')'2.

    ('ba.r)( 0.010"8- 0.035 3t1)m3110SNJ~<11


    \k.c.r 10'5'k.\J
    tJ.~

    ::: 3.534 k-;r'

    From Tt1br~A-Z2,tt+ I,-=-;3eO/(; (A, =-214',01 kJ'"I~. Also,


    For TSUfP\.c:)::' 3001<) n~ ::'.3~O\L4 K.
    US\~j

    +he "ietQ.lL\ ~#S V"'--oe.t-e-l


    3
    ""'n"',: 'P,V, :: (l b~(') (O,D3S34-m )!.lO
    SN1M
    'i !
    R
    ~
    I I e . 3l ~ . k J'" ) ( see K )
    . \ bar
    \0

    \kJ'

    IV'

    N' "'"

    he::.

    hicr;Ufpl~).

    =o.o4/osk:;

    8.Q1 ~.l<

    vn

    e,

    '2.

    -;:. (I \ (D.010(Q8 ) 1100 I _ .2 q. 62.8


    RT1.
    GB. 3 1'i ) (r,,)
    T'Z..

    fz. v'z.

    ;tB.&f1

    Jr'\c-orporevf 1~8 +hese.. reCbu,Hs

    ,'.-1+0(1)

    ~~J rearrtu\.~ '''''~

    4-12.0

    (2)

    .2"1.,,~~ 'ttl.

    h,

    (~)

    (14;2.l S _ O.OqIOS) .: 5.1.5l.f

    E11A.Cl.tl()~ (2). ~ \ile-{ <'-0) CC1v\il be So\ vee-{ +Or ~\'\Ie.V\ vlAlv..es of hi (Ts~pl~)
    b~ 0..\'\ HeYtlhve :pr()c.e.dur~ et."et d.~t~ fr"o'M Talol-e A-2.2. For7s""",,'IJ ~30ok.)
    72-:::

    3001<

    Y\14. ': 0 . 0821

    PJottln3 -for the r a n., C2. ef TSU-fpl!J v alues:


    400
    ~
    Q)

    380

    ::J

    +-'

    t13
    ~

    360

    Q)

    Co

    E
    340
    Q)
    It13

    320

    i.I

    300
    300

    340

    380

    420

    460

    500

    Supply temperature - K

    0.1
    0)

    0.08 - ~

    .:::t.

    C/)
    C/)

    0.06 -

    t13

    0.04 -

    t13

    c:

    i.I

    0.02 0
    300

    340

    380

    420

    460

    Supply temperature - K

    4-121

    500

    PRoBLEM

    410'0

    A "JUl-li.\S(4l~ec:A f~&~ - ~h~c:kV" ,...ue.II'4t.."'t ~ e..cnnec.+e~ ~ c....


    \JQ.l,,~ +0 Cl'-II\ o..lN- "\lLfPl'l1' TkL S~P\~ ~+t~s c.."-cl ~ ',,,,-\"\,\-(
    s~ e>t <l.\.Y' \~W ~ ~lt~~. ~rr ~ o.tl~i.tteJ.. sl~ CGUAS~

    WowtJ ~

    ~ P\~~ 10 CJrN..P'I'ess 0.... .srn~. 1\\1. \~tt\tll.\ ~~ -k~~ ,,~w..MAU


    \A) \.~\'" ~ e..t:1 h """~
    Cl v~ kl.Ul W\A..
    Plof -fke. A'V\c,l F"'-"NU.'~ <It""e:t "'filM +-el\p~rA~re w"fl.c,..'V\
    -I-~ c'1A...':'cler- Versu.s sp,.; ... 1 c..""d...... + ~ vAr'J I .....' fro...G!>1) ~ r~ ttof l~+.

    1=1r-J[)',

    SCHeMAJlL ~ &=\,I/EIJ MIA ~


    :rn;t'j4./~ ~

    ',<&''1.7

    ",f/.;.2;-

    = BooF
    v, :. O~/ -ft'$
    y: v:~ =: 0, r'Trr3
    T,

    Po"
    (1\4(

    ~~!:-7" ~ ':'~ ;....:!i,~I;/:~;-..~:::.:1~:'~;

    L....:- x
    Ani":'
    z~#1.t
    I .,
    ;c _ ~
    0

    LL

    M~UMeTIOIVS~
    W',~ Go tv ::0.

    ..;.:.

    Patm =
    14.7Ibf/in. 2,

    (I) T'h~ cOYlml VeLuMe \oS 6'r1.own O~ tlt-L Q..C. eoY\1pcxw\''ji.." C.hci.~l"UM)
    (2.) COY\.tU~s llA +k.e. GlW' Sl.A..fp~ Y'~'M.Q.~"t c.~\-a.~. <.3) \(i",e.~c.

    ~~ ~\'\+l~( Q,\'\e'4"9~ e~c.t.s o.'I'~ V'\~lL9'Io\e. ('t) T\te. G.\.(- ~e.kA\JeS 0.\ ~""
    \etto..t ~eu. (5) Tk~Q. is ~-hic.i-~ 'oe.fWe.~ ~ f~~~ ~ ~h\Ad.&.r w~ll.

    At4+l.YSIS ~
    _ ~ h~CA.l f~SSU.Yl!: i ~ .f.ov..~ ~ pl'j ~'~ 1J~\.s LAw -to ~ (>\:s~, S,,'lI\c.e. CLW l-S ~~i.ttu. 5\ew~ ~.%F~ <o . 11.u.c.$
    wi~ V-Vl

    r A,i.* .:

    A+

    ::

    X Ap;$t"

    fa.~ Ap~'T + Ie: X


    -t4 G'-(~S~v.Ke l..s

    V =V~

    (I)

    - rht. 'MA.SS ~ IoCJla"",e.. -t(A.~ tk.t. ~W\j tAM,,,, d.+


    I ~ eNJr8~
    ~Q.k. ~\(llo\~ \s

    ~~. Wi"",,, a.S~\A.VIoCf+tOl\.S

    hs\-ec.l

    dU

    tA;'''

    ;/0.
    ,Jt:(.c.'/

    W C.v +

    vn L hi.

    The spe.c.l~~c. Q..V\~lptj "'.~ is C4l'\S\-e.~ b~ ().s:.u.~~ (3). -rLw.s C.O~l>\"\n,


    \1-.e. M"~S Q.Y\d e.\\e.'I'~ ~ 'o~\~\o\ee.s o..vJ.. iv\'\c.jrA.t\~
    ~UC.V = -Wc.." hi tlY\1,v =t> n'I'1. U" - ""'1lA., ~ -Wc.v +h~(~"-,,,,) (-z)
    I

    S
    I

    S \\\te +,Lu.

    fV'ocess

    w.:>

    S pJ.V.
    JvV2.r&~_ AIcV,'2.) 1" ll]J..v
    O~ slow\~.,)

    Wc;v::

    l(
    ~"'
    Api""'&: : (f~ _Ir. V, 0(V~-",) +-

    Wi+t4 ~. (Q.~ (A.~ve

    A,it~

    lv~'2... V,~)
    '2.

    ~-/2'2-

    Apis+2.

    'PtzoBL.E M 4.10'0

    C~"" tel. )

    (3 )

    W)~

    ':.

    ) w"'et~ 11. t4 ~Itel'\~" '1.(1)

    P;3. V1.

    (+)

    ~T1..

    5"r\'\o 'ij :T",":: S'fOil.(wop))

    c..,"""",,~ it.-kr"""",~ecl

    ACCClrc:l.4"t1J T'l,..

    6~t.<'I)(..l)lt)

    l.ot~:: t.e.C~~oo2) ) ~'= t,{sv.o"R).

    Oot'\.d

    v'1

    to1vln; cC;.l1.}) tu~)'(+"~f'"

    t..V,..,."",

    l<-""OWI'\.II~

    1\\..( ~dAe~ t" l~p\~lMe~e-d

    .f. -V1.Jl.4/I~""..(.
    vi&c ~ {:D~oe..ui~ IT CQ-t/.e ~

    IT Code
    p1 = 14.7 II Ibf/in. 2
    T1 80 /I of
    Ti T1
    V1 0.1 II fF
    V2 0.4 II ft2
    K 650 Illbflft

    =
    =
    =
    =
    =

    p2 = 14.7 + 0.043 * K
    m2 * u2 - m1 * u1 = - Wcv + hi * (m2 - m1)
    Wcv 0.816 + 1.195E-3 * K
    m1 = V11 v1
    m2 V21 v2

    =
    =

    u1
    v1
    u2
    v2
    hi
    Now, ""s,~S

    '3#

    = u_T(ffAir", T1)

    =v_TP("Air",T1,p1)
    = u_T("Air", T2)
    = v_Tp(ffAirff,T2,p2)

    =h_T("Air", Ti)

    -J4..e E..!-.flore b",-tI~,

    ~(? foUowi~

    5we.4p J<.fn:>'M h~O

    10 fs :

    4if- J2?

    -10 750 1J"f/# l~ deps of I" -Jo

    48
    47
    46
    ~

    .c

    :::::-

    '"

    a.

    45
    44
    43
    42
    650

    670

    690

    710

    730

    750

    K (Ibfl ft)

    156 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    155
    154
    LL

    153
    152
    151
    150

    --!--.,...----,---.---,-----r-,---,---.,...-------,----i

    650

    670

    690

    710

    730

    750

    K (Ibf Itt)

    fJot~~f.f1.e. fr~st,(...~ "P1o-t .(~ (I"'e." r , LS ~kdi(.,~-leJ fo~ ~.(.t)I(J..IfI.J C8tJ.J. ~'f~
    b.Qe", "1l~{'1. plo++eJ ~Cj kCtI,uL J.fowtllW> -the ~V(~c,.I'wYe. plot is lM>"- {''''ear
    ~&UA wOcMd ~ 1u.Dfe et~;eutt +0 o~i", "Oi+k>ed fi'..Q ""ce of t r.or Dff,.,.,..v-

    sD-tfwli\.Ye .

    4.. '240

    PRD0Lc.1-1 J./. J01

    KNOWN:

    /-lea-+- ml'1sfer oceo-rs -fo nitra,ell\ gas c.ort.Je,..litted ,tA CA. rl'tj"d
    fcvr.k..

    GetS

    escOo.fs #troU;'1h

    C<..

    r.nessur.e.. roel ie f v~lve J Yna.Ullfct'V,,"'J

    t~ -Idn-k. Tka.

    Cbrtsft!u.t pressufYl. ,&:1

    liA it itt{ &tKJ +ivta 1fet'-t.per-

    aiures ore spe.cifled.


    FiND:

    Deierm I'Yle

    tke. -ma.~s
    hy

    ef eYlergq -fra.~sfer

    5CbfeMA-TlG

    of. n i trogeVl
    he~f.

    -fltevl- esco.pes
    I

    IrSSUMPTI oNs: (/) For #te control VO[L<.rt1fL


    ShOWI\" We" :0.(2.) The. sf-a-fe,
    the ct>ra+rol
    CtLVI be. a..ssu.t11e~ fo be. lLl'1,'form Cl'+ OOl Cj
    llMe du.n V\~ ~e.. p'roc.es~. (3) l<,.i1enc a.vtt(
    p:>+en+i~(e/l\~~g effects. CAn be. Ylef}lecfed..
    (4 J. 7t1e t1ifrogevt behet,ve.s ltS an 14e.a.( }J~s

    'Ill

    wl#l cemsrp.ltt SpeCl(lc he.ovis e-va.lutteJ


    af 350k.
    frW~LNSlS~ Them(HS raJebalQl1ce. fctke.s +.te
    -the m~ss tht\t e~co..~s J's
    W',lh

    I
    I

    N2,

    I
    I

    P=lOcar

    I :'3~oJ<.
    ~

    T-z. -::. 4001<

    II-- ___

    -Io,.m

    .....

    .......A"'

    el

    GdV'tV DA--rA:

    lAnd fhe {;(fJU}u.

    v =l

    r)13

    J.mcvltJ..t ::. -Me.. 1k(.(~

    5~e.dt
    :-Smol~cv
    ~ l111-W1~
    ,
    M,
    +he ldelA.( ~ClS e~u.~tl~ Df sta+e
    J~ecl+ : ff
    f 1.T l - ~"]
    R
    T:z.
    I

    llObM'){lM'3)L '

    : [,s.~t 4 ~ T:1

    ll,o.stJ/m'
    llf
    ka......

    3 00 K - Lf oofCJ

    \1cJ"'1

    103 N . M

    \).8.Cf1 krK.-)

    =-

    Yl1lL~S

    2 Ao Lf t..9 ~

    E'$co.pe&

    Wi+lA +he a..~~u...\'V\phOY\5 tis+eJ ) -lke, eV\ev-q'j ro-~ bo.1a.lt\ce.. is


    d't5c,v
    '
    I

    -ct+ :. a.cv ~+ Uc.v :. Y\'l U.

    NO+t~
    JxtltlVlce

    1'V1

    (i.V\

    ~ ~e ::. U-t- RT} ~l1d. wj+~ t~ mA~ rak-

    ~ ty ~ ::. Gc:v +~+RT)

    Q,v:'
    For

    \'V\ e. Vl e

    -yn

    RT~~

    ideal ff~s) etu.. ': c."" ({,. A\so) U;L+~ '(\'\::. 'PV/RT

    ct m ::. (EY)
    c!.I..
    R (-T~)

    4-125

    Qtv dt =(PVR
    e.e), ~
    from Table A-:H):> Cp:' 1.04 I k::r

    14.t<

    T I1:f.<2.- tfJ ret+, ~5 ~et

    iYJ se rh'",~

    v lues

    T2

    1.

    S,V+ "~fT ~
    I

    Qtv : ~PV'-1) k
    R

    :. (10 bell") (I
    (

    = /043

    Th
    T,

    W\3)(I.O~1 k:rIt~"K) olJ~OO)IIOSNI~'2.1

    8 .314 k:r )
    l8ft1 k~'K

    /V"'\30 0

    \'o",r

    "-r-

    I
    J03N'~

    I
    Q
    __<.."

    t:r:.,~:....-

    4-lZIo

    PRo13LE M tJ ./02.

    The o.jf' 6(,(..Pfl~

    to tAVi

    OffLCe. is sku.f of.{ overl1l;ht At"d +he roOM


    fe~e('a.fu,r-e. drt9p$. I J1 -fhe. morn ,')'\3" -Hte.. ~f1n.o.s+a.f is resef().nJ.
    e: il.."..,Dwn v()kt.....efrie -?lowrale f)~ k~+eJ ~tr is SUfflieet.

    KNOw1\):

    EsflMak -/-he f-I~e

    t+ fo.k.es

    ,,{of V'OOPl +e.~ero..fure cu

    ~C~klIC

    C(..

    -for -l..e.

    -10 reosl

    rOCm

    ~nC'h~ of 11.M<:..

    70 8FI (). Y\.&

    ~LVGAJ PAd7i~

    A~SQMPTl0tJS : (I) ."For f.ke. wVlfrol


    Of+lCe.
    VOlu.me skowl')" Q,v ~ W,v::t O.
    (2) T"-e. ~~r DAAIISs tt.S 411\ ide.aj
    1i :. '10F
    fJO$ wi+~ consto.td: spQct~ic. ke4h
    pz IQ:1m
    (3) Th.e preS-Su.v-e.. is it't~ ~~
    &=:-=-=-.:=:...0=-=-

    ~U."fl!1J ~ 5

    J et-tM e.vev~ wl.,~V"e . (4) K1Vte.fic A~


    ~\Af\'t1 e\'\eV'9j eHects CCA. \1\ \o.(L
    l'\eta1e.c....+ec:l. .(5) I YOOyY\ aw- ,s IoOdl-Y\\ \x ed. l

    .,2(!)o

    H arm ill'.

    12.0 of

    ne.

    ItA

    AN4(,ySL's ~ ihe mass rtL+e b~l4Wc.e +Q.kes -I-1Ae.. -t"rYY\ cAm +:: ~ s- mroW i+k
    m s = M r j ck M / tJ.,t :. O. 1h.u5) fke. V\'\C.< {; S .'" +tte. t"co"r' "\ S c.6l\s-k u.:t: w i~
    h~e... ,he oV\e~'1 r~1<2. bCAlAMCe. re.etv..c.es +0

    :f~ .. /'o
    = -kSlf-"
    -)IfIcv

    etvc"
    M

    "r
    l

    w i +~

    \feN: V\'\ Lc..

    m~

    fUr-l-ke.r) du. ::
    ""M

    +fa cr

    Cv-

    it... ::.

    u...j;Jf-0 :. 'n1 s (hs r

    ~ h, -

    . hr

    m,-

    h (.r)

    h (T)

    hLT
    ::. <;OC7;

    -r). 7k-u."

    $ :. ht:) ~ (T~ -T)

    Wl*~ ~T:. - d (~r) o.~ e,./I.&1"::'

    _ m del; -T)
    k (Ts -T)
    . Eva{t.<.a.tl

    hoS

    T M s

    ~ ~~

    k:

    d.

    (I)

    n., -m as

    'rVl s ~ (\.\r)S4 ::

    P (tV")$

    """'s

    R\s

    (lit..., II.f{l~Z.)

    ::.

    vY\ :. -

    pV
    1< T

    (20D (:.t3/'M.'-"")

    115'#5 -H.l~l \(5BODR)


    C).e.11 'b'o~ oJ

    = (1'1.7)(2.0)00) . J lqLf l
    (

    l 'Stt:5 ) ( 5/ S)

    114 4

    l"'' l.]

    l.f~oz.
    .

    = 15'1 II,

    .:z.8'.~7

    whefe. +ke all~(~Q. >f the. i.-tihiA.f ~li\& t1AA( fe.""fer~.:f . u.(e.s is u~ee:t io
    e.s+liM()..fe -#.e VV\""~S . Also,froM 4-20'; k = I,~o
    4-/27

    PROf3ue}/J '1.101..

    (CfJt1t'J)

    Ef' (t)

    '~fe, fall;"'3

    t::. 0 (r ~ Ti = l.fODp) -/-0 ().~~ f,Me. t

    from

    -(~s) It\t~~~;1 = f
    e;r, sol v'~q
    T

    -to r T
    = Ts - (T$" T,) ep [(- .,.;~) f]

    IWserfllAJ values
    T

    = 120 -

    So(v'~B ~

    80

    i-: W~eAV
    -t~

    ::.

    e"r [(-

    D./2.45)

    i:]

    < z.)

    T~= 7D~F 9'~\/e..s

    3.7l:f

    "";1A ~~

    ~. (2) UlAi\ ret:ULi t!J be. pI otJ~ us; ~ sott"WfAN~.


    u;-n stvuc:/-ecA fA.' i "':5 IT:

    TIt e IoHoUJ i"",

    80
    70
    60
    50

    f.L

    e.-

    40

    I-

    30
    20
    10
    0
    0

    3
    t(min)

    4-12.8

    pi ~ t

    CAJ~

    Air flows ~V"o~'" ~ we.L\- \"'SU.\M~~ ck.o...\M.~. Tke. LY\~ticd ~


    d~+l~ \\.\ ~ c1..&.~~) ~ ~UfP~ ~fto;..s, Q.~ ~ ,-,<let (A.~
    e.k:'t.+ vY\a.ss f{oc..o vo..tes ~V"~ 5f>~<!.i:fi~.
    Dt..+vt~\;". -\W. te.~,y~e .~\'\.tl '~4~U.\1'42. of ~ Q,:w- \~ ~ ~\.&'

    tJ,J()WN:

    ~~c.~

    <U

    SCWE:MA?n'-

    <ZlV~

    ef- -h~~

    (Mt.e(

    r10+fey- V()f(

    1)ft"C~uJe

    \\A

    tlf..Q.

    =0

    tv\.et,~S +tew rQ..~S'.

    P!(J1\ ~

    ASSVMpnONS :(1) Fo; tk..t c.o~trol l/oLu.YkIZ. cskown"

    Q", ~o o-.~ ~Jcv

    i{)I).C

    .CA.) ,.~ +e~mtu.re ,,~

    ck.o.~~(.(' o..((~. \A.lA.HOCM

    %.'fO~'-'.ou.:t o.:t o.W1 -h~Q.. t 3) K\~(2.t~ ~\\.A

    p~v.+\tAt e",e"'9~ '!f.(.ec-k AVe. ~~\~ib\e.

    1 ft 3

    I~'!l./
    Air supply

    3~6~f~ir2

    (,4\ ~ osx: ls ~Q..\eJ o..s ~'" la.~CA\ ~tAS


    W\~ CO~to.~t SfC2C.N-ic. ~ea..+S

    ~&::: wh~

    {f'-

    tJ,/W"'!I\
    Iblw.\~

    Well-insulated
    chamber

    5Ib/*"i.\

    A""M.8S'~: ,he ~s.~ vcd"e bc:c.tCl\.\ C~ ta."es +"-.t foVW\ ().. 'f'tlc.v I d. :a. M.- Y'r\ 1.. \)JI~
    ~l'" -M~ -= "M ) O-V'I\t"//cJ..t =0. -rhus) fu o..'M.ou~t ot ~,,~s c.oV\-\o..\~qcl \.'Il'+~i\l\

    1~ec.oV\,""o\ v~\,u..~e is t~f>~v..t. Us, "'~ a. UU.~p+lOY\S lt5ttJ,.> +kt l"e~':1


    IbCLlCl~c.e is
    dU
    D
    "'~v -=
    + oM (h \ - \-t ~ )

    ;lev ;p!:-vo

    0'(' J wi+\. Ut.v:' 'M U.

    f/fcv

    ""'c./&.1: + u.
    k1. ~ h (t) b<j

    w~e.r~
    ~ ttl::. ~ l' Lot) ) so
    "M c"

    v\--\

    l h ,- n H) ]

    CtSs;u.vv..p~\).).

    FU:N~.t.ar.)

    otu.

    = ,-,,"ciT ,,~

    tv- ~ -:. ~ [ h,- 'f T L-\-) J

    4I + (~~
    tlt

    )T ::. -Mee I,

    "YV'\CN~

    Vh CAl W

    J:\'\i"nDJ.Mc "\1\ ~ k.:. ~ /

    wcIT + C-m k \ T

    dt

    C ~~~J

    :::.

    (~ k '1\ "
    ,~~V

    iht ~oLu.+\~ ~t +~~ J~t+('fe"+\,,"\ e\~~Q)\ 1-d~S fu {ofM


    T(-t)

    \N \~

    -r( 0)

    ~ c

    :. T L j

    K?

    c. :

    G(~:~)tJ + T,
    T;, - T, )

    T (-t) : (Tt - T; )

    e}(

    $0

    PL-(~: )t]

    4- Jz.q

    + T,

    (I)

    FrOM tl.fc 'lV~&I\ cl~k


    Mev:'

    ('4 .., ll.~/l ~."

    ) ( I ffl)
    II
    -vr' .of: (5boOe)
    Z,g'l 11o.01t

    ",..
    ~Ii

    f.4
    IS-r.5

    1'.

    1'414 )~.(, __

    'b 1 s T (+J = -100 e - e, 3 2.CIt I

    .: 1

    W. ::. Z Ibis

    TIt):

    W. ::

    T(+)

    oS

    Ib/.s

    (r).

    TI1e pr\!"sslA.vo-e is

    P ::.

    -100

    't

    O.010Co}

    l.ft~

    Table A- - 2.oE ; k ~ 1.4. Also J Ti :. )00 OF ~Gl

    Ff"OM

    ll!i. ;.

    -r. = z.oo-F.

    110

    7hWS, ~'Nl

    + '2.0 0

    ~ - O.~SB2.-t + z.oo
    _

    = -100 e

    1.~'1SS-f=.

    + 200

    = Me TL-I:). TkuS

    070ct

    IfeJ)

    isss

    2-8..C11

    (I H ~) II 44 i",~
    If..f&

    .(:1-. fig
    1(, . 01<:.

    ] [TW+4bO]

    FUACd L'1
    ~ ::, IbIs
    ~ :

    lb}$

    =s IbIs

    L{S;~,(T

    -fo pI 01-)

    (J.J.e.

    tj e:

    200
    180

    LL

    160

    I-

    140
    120
    100
    0

    10

    10

    t (5)
    18
    17
    ~

    c:

    ~
    .0

    16

    c,

    15
    14
    0

    t (5)
    ----G-

    ......-&-B-

    mdot = 1 Ib/min
    mdot = 2 Ib/min
    mdot = 5 Ib/min

    4- 1.30

    ")

    C
    ERFIVE
    THE SECOND
    LAW OF
    THERMODYNAMICS

    PR.,o'BLel-1

    5.'
    h~",+ P v-f.
    "1"olo,,""OI\ 0-1 of .... C/41.(.1;US sh~IM.'l4t.

    PAoaLe~

    K~Cw N:

    51-:llt'
    AIr' 4t. po.u~t.s i .s~+ku"".

    ~:

    e:1f<a.I"'CLh~

    ~ h.e~~10'\

    11'1

    ~ ~eo..-+ -h---...I<\sft,.-

    e"pl~,""'" '..f

    v,'ol<a.-h"oloo\

    ca..

    o.",,~

    of

    p"C4~'ed ,s-ha.ies.

    I.&.to,....t::. ~r- -T"-... 'PtWlIe:."u o."'Id.

    ~ ~t.lv;., -'PIAMck. .s+o.-k_~",-t ~cc:c.v...r.

    S"'C:WU'otA'TIC ,( (;11/1: "1 bA 7Jll\ :

    r,,;-R";Tl
    " "...........1......

    100F:
    J

    ~--

    V(~~)

    A~SuM\)'T(ON~. 'I) Th.c. S"yS+C_ loS


    I II, Of air- _d~led ~.s 0..", ic:U....l j0..{,
    ('2.)
    "'e_p~ro.h-re r4:.-Ail"lC
    <:..0"'$+..... i: . L~ l l::.i",eh"Co o,,,cl po~",h"~ ~""e r"j)'
    e.J.-""1 cJ

    (S)

    a.re. a.bs~..,~ , (+) "T"- svr'nJl.Nl4.t"'j..{


    ,\ t ..... o",/~ wor" ~&.

    V6(tJw.-.t c.~

    pl~ -t~ rol~ of

    A..

    ~ ...._~I\..cser"/J/(".

    +or

    ANA\....'(!.IS: A~ ene v:''1 Io.do.~tc.


    i'ke f.."+e",,, re.Ach
    V;-"'Uj:. ~-W-. How.".':!
    o.~ -t"'~ ,,,,,te,,,,, .. \ t.ne"'~1 of 41\ ,de.. 1 3Q.,s dep.... cls 0" fe.Mp.ef'.+urc 0"''1.1 Vi ~ 't1"i
    '"J)w.~.1""'~ ev.e"'n ~ ... IA"'te rc.ciuc .r 'to Ci),=W" fo-h";tIlW

    W~

    'l.

    5. r elV
    I

    'l.

    :.

    "",.-!T d
    V

    v:

    ~ RT~.i

    '\{

    -"') ~:.
    W (14I)C('S)"'+\~
    (
    ~o t ~"\A
    (IO{ot;)
    S"'""" ~~,cyW)
    ~i.q, lb 0 f.t 10.4~OJ R ,1g ~Ib~ ~ S*l":. 2S.'t -n;-4i~~..;..;."j~-..J
    I'

    -T

    ""'eo Ke.\vi...- P\~ ...d:. s+... te.~~ .. + o-f ike.. So('co .. d ' ...w r~-h'f
    "'",hr,o th(''''IMOd)'''A-'''~ c..,ele..s ..C4/t.,;I~ Co",,,,,~..... c...
    +War ..... ";:,

    +i...,

    +0

    w.~

    S'fs~u..d#r,oesl:-~1-~lIt"'('fc.I~. Ace.o .. d.... , ''1 I t"'e. l~elv, .... -pllllMde


    o.ppuco.~,de.) so ~o v""ol~fl"ot'l C-AI\ b-e. C.LAI"",#d. Si.....:\ ....l"\)

    S~~.t"+

    wlM.et--':'

    ~'tv",.llt...::t ~-(-<...a.

    ~ ~, Co-$e.. <.u,.t.'-. ~
    ,,;;11.'1\(11;"\
    -t'- $-f"C'O"'O

    i...

    /('cl" ....

    f.r tNoAt\ - f'W V1 .... "

    ~.

    5- I

    ) ....

    tolA...,c.lc.

    ~'f1'''~'''''S
    G.,

    s''''SIc:

    tk...t
    r~te_I''IOI'''. ~reJ ~

    s+,,+~~f"+

    t'(Mot

    -t1--c- CClJ.AAt,'VJ
    'S~~ .....t", L? "'(It- /I..t1p"c.~

    .~

    ~ ~ ~ ~~

    .Kt.10W...... :

    ~yl ... ""

    of ... h,
    FINe:

    v"du",o .. ,

    c... d

    ~~

    S no"", H,...t:
    I~

    0..

    cyelot. I'.,

    ..

    VI'otca""'O"l

    0/ ""e

    ~elvl',,- P/III .. d:.

    s*'-It....,..1;

    I Q W.
    tl,~

    vi 0 lon'o", o-f

    C/IlIl.J ,'IIS

    SfA+PMf'" t

    tl

    f +J,.,e.

    ~Cic.o ... c:l

    lcaw-

    0... c.~Ylsectue"'t'~.

    Colcl

    aeseNO'"

    A~tUMPT'ONS:(I)S'js"e"", ,

    uhci..., l'

    Q.

    cycle ""hlle.

    rereivl''''J e"' .....'~ ~u fr-o"., .,he..

    hot. "'~~.yvo,,.
    s+ __"e,""'.nt

    o ... cl develop.''''" wo.. k WC'Ic.le.. (ThiS ,'s ilf\ v,'ol_""o", o-f 114. "e,....."- PI.net.
    of 'the teco .. J Jaw.) ('I) "'13''''e"", 2. u",d"''',of'1 A.. cyc.le euhtle.

    e"er,,,

    r~\Mo",\'l eYl.~~Y Cc.. fro",,", t"'e e.,cI rt'Sf.~vo"'" A"d ("'SCho"3...j


    -\0 ~ne hot "e$ .....__ O.... T""~ Wo ...te deve/o".J b ~ ~'1de .... I ,'s usecl
    $'1

    sh"", '2..
    re.cl.ucps
    Q ~

    Wc,\cle :

    For

    o.."'~~y

    'S'1s+e""" 'Z-

    b ... lo..,t,

    reo.ds

    ~~ - G> e,

    \ttc,\c.le:::

    <:'o.-Io:I'"'"j thes.e.

    +0

    eJC.pf#9flO"t

    ~.::.: ~~ + (Uc...

    The.

    ~c..

    $o\~ nsu.lt oot the.


    I'S

    tv'o."It ~"'fcl

    0. VI'O(Ai\'O",

    C.O... bo'M.cI

    froW\ 4~e.

    Hie

    CI4llv','lIs

    c.ol

    ...
    'S'f3+e"", ,'s tho.t

    cl rcue r'V 0

    U"

    Q.

    +0 -t"'c.

    ;r""""t,M4tHf of. +h~

    \e.t

    4l.\4o\OIlK'f . /

    &"ot ('pr.... "o'r.

    tleCoG",d

    lAW.

    G.{

    +0 cLr,1ft.

    PROBL'EM 5'.4
    tcNOWN~ lAo

    ~'16-4e"",

    u",d.,."oes

    clt'ce.h.Il"J'f\j
    ~:

    0..

    ~'1c:.le wk,'I~ ~o,....,u.,,c.+.'''3

    I'''''.,

    wi""

    "\DO "~stl"VOIrs. The

    ",,"""I~ rue
    ~, fro", +,,~ e./d. r.n ..v... CIIO\d
    G .. -4-0"~
    f"ue ... __ e tr.

    s'1 S \c "'" dllVdofS'

    l.O ... k.

    "'01.

    ~VA/I1~te t~ c{ait1l\~d

    p-ft rfo"'JIIA~n(e u.s I"j' ~

    S~

    CoD", d

    let a,

    A'S'UMP'IO~: Tl-\e s'ii~+e.""" skeW" i


    0...

    pow~",

    ~
    (4)
    0..

    wn.

    elMW\

    Wct,e.le.: ~c. - (3)"


    IQ..c ev-.lu,.+td u.t,~, eNk.,.

    C:ll'I\

    A.

    C.\o.",!IU$.

    pu W'\

    " .....'"

    A",

    "tkt. Q.CCD..... pA"'~ I'", .f,"tJ"~ l.N\d.,."o~s


    e.o""IOtUO\'C!A"t>,.~ +"'e."''''1.. 1I1f e.u.'~" ikiO f'er."V(J'~1 ot'

    ete-Ie. Ulhile

    t'-""'",

    e... ,.t:>

    ",.t'"

    ,f.."UI"t.

    b .. \ .. "'t&'

    "."

    Q..' =
    Of')

    ;f\ "'''t.

    C{AU.t'"'~ t\oo~K~lv,,,,.94d:~~&.c4~,,,,t:
    b~lo""", Ie.+ 1"e. 3,'"f''' c~C:(4!. drive.

    +t-

    Wt.,.. le"

    <Pc. -

    +"-e. \0\.. 0.04: p.._ P

    G>~ -+ 'Nevc.le.

    ~~

    5-3

    t'eAJs

    (b) l(elv,'J'\ - PIQJ'\ 1(, A $


    S,,\shW\ "J'\clt"'~.,,,~ ...

    &~o ....'"

    ,cu."'.'"

    ;'" "'-e

    f.', llH.

    1:1.10

    loU, It't

    Q~

    be.

    hpp"'~ If i o _

    e'1:Ie,

    HoT

    --tj--II"

    Wcyc.le.

    ...

    d t,,\sh- f. ........ J b) +"'e +1A,)0 !'1 r h ..... r ."'" U ,",01:'


    OD,orve i k.. + t~e. hoot reser".;" tlLp.",,"&I\t.r lI\O , " t t: c."et....,~ as ,'t
    rHc,,'y.C QK fro_ O"'t c-'1-c.le ..",cI ~"'P""'''t Cti +c> tke oikfr: Tk,,~, t,'''He +"'e
    c.C) ..... ~,J'\ccl s'1li-eM r e ~ ... d. "'p.'; PArl~ ..."-..+ u"d..." 0 c'fcl~t 0,.. ~l'pe"'I'('J'\ct "'"0
    ~c.t- c...k"lI\~e., +lo\e. ~o""""l'\ecL "l'1sh...., opc..r-Af~J' ,'t'\ " t'f ete . Mo,..tO"~"'II't:
    e"(c:.""",V\,~t
    ~ ..e r,Oj ,,~ Iotta" -Jr~~'" w,f1., ~ f,'"" J(, r es-er-veir : +,,~ c./d rC!'l'~rvol'r;
    w",'1- pY'Dcl.Uc.''''', ... " e, t ... ~o", ..
    w."&:, H-ow."er, ~'s is Q,. '1;01.""0'"
    of +loI.e. 'Celv,'",-PI.",c.I<. &+A~""C"t 01"''''e r('c.o... J 14&41.) Sll +ke or,'" ,'",., t'fslt""Nt1t, CDtls,Cf.r-a",. ~.-'o.'

    r~uY'VO I'",

    t.t

    CAW\I\Clt:.

    dpt,." t-t' Ill.! 4SrVK1t>el.

    ~O,.
    .

    r----- - :.-.---- &o,",,,,cI..,,,'1 .~t"'e.


    r- -- /

    CAn...;.,."

    v,,''td .. ......_-,:-

    __..I.'_ _Jl..... 'Wtyc.l e.


    I

    ~OLD ~l_

    " c

    /'

    1:~~

    _t J
    lGc.

    5-4

    $" t"

    \Moo

    E"' ....,y

    KNOWN:

    t ....... s'~'r by c:uHluc:f,'o", 1ro"",

    Sue","
    SC+-Ie MA71C

    i~

    pf\oc.ur

    0..

    (0'.

    a.

    reser-vetr:

    of +h~ r~(o ..,,/

    14lU/

    ,how +k.. -t

    ;r"'f!vCl"t;b/~.

    J>A7A:

    GIVe III

    PIA.. c:lc. $+"'+~ 1N\~ .. f

    +"'r.. Ke.lv,.. -

    USi"",

    FINO:

    +0

    hot. rpj~rl/o,''''

    0.

    spord ... ",#ous''1.

    +.-\<ps place.

    T"
    T

    '--_.1:

    ;--------1
    I

    I
    I

    ---I
    I

    I
    I

    HOT

    C.Ol..O

    ReSERVOIR

    ItESEItVO'R,.

    I
    I

    1::
    1....._........_
    - -_

    _ I

    ASSUMp'TIoNS:
    ~

    I
    I

    I
    I

    The. $'1 a+eW\ :sh ...... "'" H.,

    (I)

    ,'"", ~':J

    Aceo ... ,.a",'j

    re(f!,.,,.,

    \AI'.

    e"t,.~~

    fu .... "o' r: ""","'c.~ p.rr.s ,,~ t:_~IIC""'" +"-1"'0",," c.. ,.od o-e ~-k.J'J
    t~'h +0 TkC e.lcI reur\/'o,,.. (2.) A
    power cyc./e is o.~Qil.I.lc. {O.. c.ueo ,'",
    dt._o",~ivo .. ,*,~~ +"'..t- +kc. PrOC,.u ;s
    .rrc v#rt"1;, te.
    fC"o_

    t\o\t..

    'The. obj.c.iive. in "6I,'s pC"oo-f- bj c:.."t,... eke +0'01\ is fo cleVl'se. Q. sysu"cie"'joes 0.. Cl'1 c 1e. ltJk'c.h dc.vc.lops OIo~1< CooII'u'le tlote. sysk"'" c:o".... u".c.ft,r
    1.\> .... ""
    S"h\5 1e. res...rI/D.rJ tht.re."'1 '1',010......" -the K'eh,..... P,.Mc!t ~ta+e........ t.

    AI'olAL.'UIS
    tt.,",

    ",0+

    ofho. t

    +h. r ......"''1

    r=----'-,
    I

    MoT

    G"

    '

    --- --- - - -

    No".: (l

    .1.'.....

    COl..)

    ReSE"'Io,~

    -;

    RESEltVOI R

    I
    L"--_- -_-_-_-__

    l,m

    . . . . . ."

    ~&

    -- I

    ,1-,.,..
    "."c.
    ""'
    "
    "".r c..U-e:t,

    .,10........,,, ......

    ,4 ,...,."., ..
    ..,*/

    <I .,.,.....

    flU..." ..

    "& ."..."
    "-clc r,.ef
    re,.r".,
    .. ;.-oa...
    ......

    Not ~ rc."cs... +J ...


    +0 ., ...c c.,eI

    pew'" cyc:le.

    The. sy,> tern ,nouoYl ... b .. \Ie c.on~.st.f of the or'S'YlA' s.)lS~c", rhu Q" 'y&-I.Mtt eo.p .. "". o{
    c:l0iV\, 0.. po".,.." C'tcllL (a.UUMpt.'Olol 2.). T"','s e.o
    I $y.Iu",d.",o.'cr. cycle A:f foll-

    A", ......." .... + of f!"."">, Ght is .j.


    '-{er,.,cl f,o i-k~ hot rtler-vo,r- -1-0 -file.
    pow... cyCle., pl'olluc"'''' WOrlC 'Noyde. c d c"'cc:k
    ~ ""'"
    e rS'3 ~ .... 0 tl,e. cold r",.,I/o"/I".
    ('2.) A.....
    o........... +.~ e ... ""5 y G il. +,. ""{4. ... re.l fro- ike. cold. rt!s... rlo,"r io il-te.
    hot tuer"ol'r "".'tko ..:t o.",,~ o+ke.r .-f.(.-.1s. (TllI'S ""o ."eI be. poss.lcIle..o",ly,.;, .,he.. pr~fS

    e""S.

    tl)

    duc!"bed

    iV\ _Do.S$ """,pt-.o,,

    S '\ce.. Cit

    ~,

    A<lclt.cl

    W~re. re.\f ... sible.)


    "'0

    the co'ci res..."o," P:J ike..

    p.""'"

    cycle.

    i .. -tk.

    +,'rst

    proCt'U o+thec:ycle
    co lei.

    t'e Set vO'r'

    el"'d

    c."'.... ~e

    +kQ. SQ.""""

    se e e .. c1 proct'fS

    i., tHe

    o-/- eH~r'~Y is

    QllotcHI .. i

    -of

    +Hf' cycle

    .. "",.~

    h. t t

    f ..o
    p.r'

    1"e.

    re,.,ovf>d
    V'" "O,t'

    ell'

    C'PS 110

    ,'., ,'''', c:uu,," +to". Th.. po,.,.r #eycle ... c:lost'd ",".t~,., ik.. cOMI,, .. ed
    ~.,.,h"", ellso u",dt .. ~o .s Q. "ye''', ACCD,....W\~I::J I ike CDMbirted
    s.,osh .... u.. cI,r,o~s ~
    C,<:I .. i~ w",,'~'" wo"k W.yere ,'s
    prod.u".cL ....
    4!l'Ch"''''8'." eM.r,,) .. ~
    "'At t,.uuf.r c."t,, A. li"'Jlf ,..s.",,,o,,... (tl." ,,",oi. (~servt:JI"r). Su."", c:ydQ. vio\ ca. ... s i''''e I<','''i",. P.t.",ck & tAt.... ..... f f"'e nco"'cl I alAI, a"'cl -t "''lS ,'s ,....pou,."e.
    :t~ ~llol&lc -t"'..+ one-Jor boil,) 01 ike.. P,..OU.llt's ~"'k""', up +ke. c't c/ C elCecvteel ~~ t&o.A. co ..... !.i",.cl Sr.,.~eus"'t. b(O i"'pozr'"""e. Uo..ue"-tr, cu -t"~ -t"I'S t pt'oc~ss invo\Y/",~ -the.. p.w.,.. c:1cl4! e.ca", ce:c",,.., i t ,'s t"'e se e e .. ci PILOCf'U tl1.t...... e t be "-"0$ so,'hIe: ..
    ~ G2 e...."'''' o"t. b. irAtu tur. cl fro""" of he Co I G 1'0
    "'of r .servo,"" w,.,.k....t o+kev- coffuh. a., cl.l-.... tto .. J i"eM J .. Iotc. -h-Cll"'~,,".f.
    en.rgy C1.b~ eo...tluC.tfcll'l.
    ~l1c hot to +h~ c.eld (Utrvotr is ,rre'lerr,hle..

    \I\e.+

    ".,e

    ...

    &II.,."
    ,.,0....

    .,.,,.

    PROBLEM 5~
    Whe"

    kNOWN:

    of
    ~

    i" ..erc:... "'ec.... "j

    +A'" K +0

    +"'c.

    US,'''5

    +ke

    i,

    "VGelSel

    teJ

    I
    IL

    t(,t~

    ."d

    illsa.l .. 4.J

    I
    I

    ~olf o-f
    "tile VollI"'~

    op~",.dJ

    "'Hi''''

    CL.

    30..1

    e."p"'''~s -fro"",

    011. .

    h .. q:

    "4 ....,,f " to /1'1 e V.4~VQ. ft!c/.

    0'; tile. seco",d low, $ho...., t't",t-

    Eve"

    GiveN 'DATA:

    SCl& .f.lIs

    ,'$

    hel'T

    Kel",". PI .,clC &+cde""t..,t.


    irrc. vers,ble. .

    --- ----,

    I
    I

    ".IYf

    o""c...V'"

    pl". C.&$ is

    0..

    sc~eMATIc.

    Q"

    0-

    ..---

    --

    - - - - -- -- - - ,
    I
    I

    S4S

    til\~ f"'ftre

    VOlume

    ________II

    (I) Tke S't.$'~.100\ .sko ....., ill .. lot .. Qcco ... ,. .... 'j,.,J f-,',Uf' lJt\de"'30~S'''
    w .....,,, +'-- Sell fJC.p,,,uh ~p.",T"IIl~.'''''7 ofo ft" the. e., .f.1~ vo/v ...e V.
    -t"c. proc,.~s ~'=W=O.(,)The. ;"if, ...1 .Mel f.'",.. 1 $i.. 4u ....~ C.9 v i/ . " rir,...

    A$$UMPTIONS:

    P,..oc(Ocs
    (1.)

    in

    'Dur""'J

    s+"hs. There
    s+A.~S. (4)
    in

    ,'$

    W\O

    ''''.''',e.
    -t"'..

    i", k' .. eftc:. 0,,"

    -l",.\l ......."d _
    clll_O n ~ +t-o t\Y\ j +"'4+
    A

    -+"er_..'
    ~"'O 'f'z 1

    po"',,"". I

    .Her')I

    re~e

    r"",,',..

    I'S

    i r((vr rr, "/e.

    b~,w ", flies....


    ~SQ.

    4re. o..VQ,'" hie fo,-

    A~AL-'(S/S: Tk.. ODJ'U-t i" 1'&..,', prooof bj c:a",f,... d,c:.+t'OM is -to dQ.v""4! Q. r:ySfe"" thQ" v...d~r,oe1 0.. power cyc/...... k.le. the o:ys+~ ... c.cu........" .. ,c,.-I.s ...ke ....... -

    Ally

    ",,t"' ... ~i"'"e. reser"o"",


    V\l\e"t of ~"'e t#~o"cI lAW.

    fl.f.,.... e.""
    ike

    ,.".+ is

    +11e.

    y,olo.+inJ +&'e. \!:el"ilo\- PI",,,\! ~ ~~


    e "".,., y

    IS

    Q.ftd

    '3

    "'alit "4'~" u'oe cL

    "tJj.,_1 c
    J

    -f"el"eb:j

    ,der.", s" .."'"

    ~ p 011\ i .. "_ .",

    "u" ... p,,..., -z.

    WkU'~

    i", h ...... " \ e",u~"

    01

    ~cco,.4I..."'SJ'11

    't}'ill,'h" 1

    +"'e. sys4r1Oo\ J.~c ",.t. C.kAl;\ge. in fkt {F.~ el'p"Mr,o..,.

    A. ""cow ..

    I~""oduc~

    A"d

    :",

    ""'e.

    ..ft~""re

    i''''~''-''' I

    0..

    ,
    I

    b4llo\oU

    "Jfrvr

    ""'O~.{., ikC

    il'l .,,,~

    '''' ....\ ..........

    ------,---- -T

    ,
    I

    I
    L.

    sy5f...... -+0

    lurrOU'HU .. ,~

    I
    _

    ,,r

    i",ch,d ..

    i""w-.....~

    0..

    (Usu"",p"'oI14).

    The ..""'. I

    re,ervoir

    I
    _J

    L.
    l

    S+..r ..."~ 1M1t'" tke. 9"" ~lIt"',


    "",d... ~o 0. cyCle. C.OI'S .s ..... "'~ 0 '*'

    :I

    +"'c

    t"' ...... ~

    of~r ..e.

    Yo''''". 'VI let ""''' ...od:.f..d

    ~yfft~

    procrss*s.

    Proctu I. Let .. \ot.. reYlt'S" ./- ike. .f..ee. "'Jl"""~.o,,, oc:c.llr W.,.",oJAJo ""':) 0."."
    efle... h. Th.. t ,'s I .. "'~ C3cu pArrf' $po",i.",4'O~S ''1 fr."", -tit.. r.,kt ~4't

    o,*, +ht. +.."'k 11",""1 a't ,f.lIs o.. ly ike Ipft "'#llf. (Tk., c.uo,,'cl be.
    p.st. .. I 0""'3 '/- +1\.. S>"OCf'tl cI.,cr.lI.cl,'1 tUtllM"+.... /w.t'tY'tv~rt-

    ible. )
    'Proccs.s 2. L~~ " .. ,,'t o.f
    half

    01-

    t.,

    .1'"" .... , ... d.""

    ."''''1

    I",'h .. ", .. ,

    9t'Oc4'U ~.

    'AS E'ltl'."d ~h"~,,, ike fII... hi",&. .,d. ""e


    I'~ un ....' ~,,~ p'''U'l.I.rt in bo"'" nQI"i,t Is ihe
    ujh .. ., .. fo, .. b,. .. c
    I'" Jott wo,,1e
    '1"'.~

    '1"'.

    t's

    deer't4u.. d: U

    R.":'.,,~ p .. r't o~ i'''~

    +-..,,11:..

    '0

    I''''''''e. .
    Hc

    U. ..,.I.

    d ..lid .",u',y"~ " ... t tr."r,"1+,-I the l"t....".1 .".... ,'1 of life
    YAlut. Thl.l.S,o. cycle

    .. ' .1 .. 4.0

    fe-... fr.- ihe .." ........ 1 r~'tt"vo,r


    'Af
    is rufur.. J to its ""'itt'. I
    eDMo\f'~

    <

    "",Ift

    ,s

    hd.

    .. e+ ,.s",lr .,. +1,.', cycle. I'. -to draW' e.t1er,'t fro"","'" s,""/e. r~s.yVO'"'"
    D'a k ...t trA"tfcroMe:t prodv~
    e41u",.,e"t ~""UII"'f: of wor/<. Suek Go..
    c"fc(~ ylol .....s "t"t t<e IViM- PI."d:. S+A"'''\IW'\.e'''t
    +hot uco.. d I.w, elite(
    \$ i"", uilol~. S i"'te, b .,,,, 1"'~
    'II'""
    tlt~ 'tU b~ +"e. r~f~"'''tJi,..
    (prOt'fS 1)
    tH\d -f"~ d.ve(.pMl\~"+ lit l.uor~ A4 'lite p,ufn + .... "11(,(",,., +~
    -turb,... t
    (proutr1..) o.,re ,ozr,61e. J ~Ca", h~ t!ofltclutI,J.,.I-t .. t e..t-lS.
    PAO('f'S'r I
    t c.; '.... 'Ol'f'b Ie.. S;"CA. P,.oc.tts I ,'s, ""6t~ r."us. of

    The.

    .!'\

    "'b

    t"e.
    ,. S

    +"'..

    or,', I''''''' \
    it'r~

    ven'"

    fye~

    te..

    fl')(.p4MS'OA /

    it.

    follos.ul

    5-f-

    """0$

    0+

    +", .. f-

    tl,,~

    or,),''''",

    pI'D~,rf

    p/<o BL..E,vt. 5. T

    i)c~r"",,...~.f ~ ~u ~ i""kr",.llt ((""ur, hIe .:r.f~

    F ' .... 0:

    ~c,..~I\It""T(c. .& c:; 'lJf:,N

    7-

    --.-

    ----- -

    '1

    ~CI.ss

    ,. Tw 'A~ i.e -t'- Sy or\ ......

    2.

    T~

    ?'C-OCPt.I

    r--c-lJ' ~"'" ""

    ~VQt'~f""{,h,,.;ullfA. ,.....CE'~r.
    ,.-uu c..; i..,....'.-...&J::J

    Rt.~e.rt"'\;\j' -to ~ d,.;~ . . u.IM of k>c. s. 2~ lOc.&... ...


    ~ r.--c.e~s, f.A:>o.,JI.,J.. Le-c.. t'e."e~ o"c, of +I.w 1",~ro",\;\cUr\J.s werc-"t&o
    ,rfC ....~ \0i l. 1-, eo CIl.O
    'AS U ~.u..,.<r~ -tlo-t ""C:L4 ~c1 ~c.,n. .4 f~"#r1' vl~

    ~ o",,~

    n"~,,..'b.l,~
    s"",..rou~d..l~,s

    'P~I3LE~

    - "--.

    AuA,--'rUS:
    c.,,~t't,bl..

    f<'~<

    ~ ~ 'i\$~iE'fuIJibfi"lM

    A.ss"""P710"'~:

    r evers ote:

    1)1\7""

    r-----'c:.Ir4.A..
    ~

    r-o ~u ~

    +<-

    Lk w~t." +~t

    ~~J ~M

    e,..."t'\.

    8I)(~1'\Aot ,ot"t(14.h,'/. /tes T~J


    10. c:lQCLI'cLt~ 0",1.., I~ -fu.r+N.-r ;~"INt.(lCIV\D..Ioou-:t~
    (),..\,L

    ~ i",i4t-~

    D'r

    ~ Pl"DV'I'd..cJ.

    s.e

    'N9!.U~' W .. {CiJr (A'*,,-,l;\, Q" (f'm,... - c:.."t.,,~ ASf~-hlj CClDt.r ,...,o-t&...e.,...... ,~ ~:T 2so
    %1fIoN- s,.\\'c ...k d V"f0r -h> .sA.~t"A-kS ..t"c1c.1'
    ,
    E/""t>~
    "De.J,e,."""" ..... 't- +...... ~UlS'S l-o t.-t~~ ~ev~rf.bl~/ ~ r .,I'N,&(.(.
    ~c~t'ttcc d (I.'I/~ 'J)~7~l

    ASS'UMP"t~S: L. T'- 'S'1~k- :, -t'- """'.... i-4r ~ k"'-' (1ISto"'-C;J......-t.er A.~w,-"Jj'


    -r'- ''1 s\t ... '" '"~r~ I a.. e 0 "" t ~14 of ~ t'~. rio 1v."e ~ C s:t frtI\4A tA '""',.. .... fc.cl v'7Z,.,..

    '2..

    -f1)

    r. "'0'+- ..Lt',u.

    ..:., CD... ~1'4\.f\"'\ d.u..1"'1l\~ +N po....cut) +'"'" p"-".ue.t.(e...


    A~ S't-..-c.., -t<r--T~" "'~"1r""",- J 11- ("--uU' ~ 0. ~~\I~M'-A...
    t1 1J.t , b..-iv.- r~) "" .... , +-~ ~i","""~ t'el1.. r-tI'o{e.
    .
    T"""" ~c.u" .:0
    r~II.~,,,,'e 10.# c.&u.~ ~ 1.4 A. .. ;,~. ~ irr."f'I'S;Dil"~

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    o.\Soo

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    c::l

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    ~....., ...... tu...-~

    c.e... stct~.

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    """-ec.-. ~ (NAi."" o..t ;z.~OF 0I .... .l -fC-". ~ "'-n"Dv .... '::!l ....' of ..;t 70F.

    pl-.c..A..

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    ~NDWN:

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    rt.vfl"t'"''j

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    Wcyc,(<<. '= 0

    r1
    ASSUtl\P"TloNS: (I) Tkt.. ~ys+t.WI'\ skow", ill\ i"'~ Q.c(,o~I'."~'l1J f,',urt v"'del"'~oe.r
    0..
    re."4ers'"'t c'je.l~. ('L) '1>11 ... "1'\.1 +kt. eyete. t,,~ S'1sfe""" Co ........ " ... 'C... ffll +"tr""t.4l\.\1~
    O"'l~ wi+h 0.. S l"'~le r-es.. rvo,,. .

    0.....

    ...w ,. L.'( "l 'S '.


    L. c. tot'''' c. ''1 a +e "'" u ... d """.,
    e '1 <:.1 e. . A e c.o cl ""::1 to +'" lL
    Ke,.\",", -f'\et .... c.k. S+Q,~e""'f ...t
    o-f;'kA. "teo","
    1&.401" I
    f .... ik~
    C't elf i s
    ~e\l'o
    0r
    Vlej A +\ ve. I", Vtl hH~: W (''I c.I e. SO.
    A$ -t""c. c",\c1e. ,'s. l"tvt.... ,\itle.., ,.t:. ,'s poss,."te "t_ rc..fv....., bot'" ike. S:JSoft._ o... cl iis suV'ro.., .. ~,'''''.s 'to
    ii,,,',"',,, .s+o..o\-s. Acc.orcL.''''", I., ,
    +"'crt.
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    be.
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    "':he.('~~~ ...voi\l' 2.S t""e. elevA'KoV\ .f -Hut IM.tlSS u,ecl -fo s+o ... e, e.\I\e.I"'S() ,'_

    """to. "'"'0 "

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    I'e
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    If I tke.. '!),~"" of #t"t u f d '1 o.ppli~S 1M
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    ... "

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    fe-servo,,-t. FOr +"'~f' C'te.l~l )Y'\:I,=tYlR,.

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    ASSUMPT,ON.s:(t)

    .... t\cht"~u .. s

    '3

    Tl-\~ s.,sh"",fI..",ouJ

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    rt"s~""o,''(')

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    J.,.'t

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    o.SI""""~ J: ,'s ...~"e',,Io'~. Thtrt,,'-/
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    ,,,,'ft.tJrr 04- i"'e ~"er,'j t\"'A"'J~"S ~H)~{,.MclWX GUt/MlcI

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    bJ- Wo'-\lcl be oppor."~/'1
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    hut fes.~,."o,r CAlOMlci 4.v.periet'\c. ~ t\t.+ ~kA.""".e '$;1\('. ,'1:
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    It\

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    fro,"" +I\f!. "'c>i- r". roe "'V'o,' r.
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    pc>rh +h .. t ~'l(.&.",+ C...,c:t~l or e.)t.p'r,~"('~ tIC> 1I&+c:.ka",!a" +fte ('o"""".".~J
    "'1'''~'''''' opt'o.+~.t ,'1'\ A. c'1c'.' MOfeo"e r, it. t\tc:ktJI""~s trte""i"~ It#.t
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    cold r~rerflD"r. ACCD,..d.c",~/'1)
    +&\t. ~ ...
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    lUhefe. tke 'i~.,
    l~ "s IIseJ "~CAU4 e, R.. fS revers
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    +,,~ cD_h"H~J
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    re,II",.-tIl4'"+ +"'a+

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    PROBLEM

    So II
    reversible. po\oUet" C.ycle.. R

    Je:NoUtN:

    Dp-c t"~ +e
    1='0")'D:

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    be h.u.&II\

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    0
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    v

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    reI~ rovo/'rs,

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    7"6..c..c..c... cycle de~~ .~

    (b)

    ir're~"ib'e. power" Cyde.. I

    Cl\1I\

    1"'- c .... _~

    t'CUe.I\MJ'

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    re~""'V"D/'r,

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    T""-. sy~h_ du~o~~c:I b,:, R. in ~~ A.c.c.o""'P""':1 ,'""


    -M" ure Vl\de",Df'.f
    feve,.s,61 pow..r eo., de. \AJtll'l~ s~r"'e"",,:r u",d."J(J'.1 a.... i,.r~l/frtl'h/e PD~ ....

    AiSOMP'TION:
    0..

    ~c:.le.

    A ~AL'(SI S :(o.) 8 y t"'e f,',... t. CA,. ",.t Co,..ll"":1 ) "V\ ~ '> Y\':t,.
    rec&Nt. t"~t. ~ .. _~ 0._0" ...+ of eol\.""" ~ H) ito fe\l.",,!
    It", ,,"'u'''!:1 b .. \A",e~

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    W R ,>WI.

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    "s

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    'M.,oreo .e",. rj:1 b 'a


    '''-' +he. toffee+

    '>

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    G)c.

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    0.c."", .. 1

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    I

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    eff,'c,'C",CI'

    $c.~e~Anc. ~ C IV&N t>ATA:

    HOT

    ~ ~ G"'W~I

    ~ ~ G~- 'IN icL

    ASSUMPTIoN: ,. ...... 'Cl c+."u a\o\........ ;., +"'. ...~c.o""p.,,~ ""'1 .f,'14r~ te.c,", ~ ..\CI ....,o
    po"",.,, cy c,~, ",,,,"'1 eo re.cet","", +"'e. S.M~ Ql"u .... t ~ I .H#"J Y ~ .. .f,.~
    +l\e 'f\.t. t'e.'.l"voit-,

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    A"'''\.Y'S'S~

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    ... ,.&.ve .. I,b'e. ref,..".,...+.,o.., t.,. "" ..1:TI\e. ""'A"Wl,h.d.r of Wit,) (;I... I Q"d <Ie. reIMQ,'", i"e. , ....
    o,'oCI... I'j 41 ... eitcl. F'v.." tket'J (MIt", Il, (,Go.... Ie,.."
    l", i'''e. 0Pt'0"''''''
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    of t"'e. +\00,#. <y c. Ie s e."'d t"'e. &'ot r'e.UJ"VCIIr, S ,\fI\tc. its p-.t"'1s
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    flt'CI"''

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    ~ l:,""l~
    re r~ r v 0 ,r: ..."'. e.o la te.~e,."o I.... Ac.c.ol" d,.."'3 I~ J t "'~ ~o~" o,-eQ ry s".", "CIS t
    s"'+\'''", tke. 1<"\vI",.f)\",,,ell:. '+a-#~k4~.. t
    e.xP"~I1~cl 4.I
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    .f i"'e secol'\cil 'ow:

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    l"es

    F I Nt>:

    s\.\.w i"'.t (0.) the c.o./I-tc.,... t of p .,.f.... ""."re. of A.., iI"r....,."",.. re.J......, .... "'o\'\ eycie. is 'en i"''''''' .,.&,~ c..{.!'Ciflllf.t of. p.r"o,.wtat1~e of
    0.. " .. v .-s le. ref,."!er.",o .. eycle wlte,d'ot" tlCek..",,~ e",,.,) "'3 hE-At mMS-

    .,..,0.'.,. ).

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    ope".1'"'j h-tfw.p ""'e SlI...,. +WO r~sel"''''o'''''s ".~e fife 3o.lI1e.


    c.o. ff'c.&e'" t 0;' pe rf.".H4A "ftC. FOr p.ri" (c)J tcO) "e "l"\e)Cr p A' e.

    $CMe

    JIII~""C I 6'V!N 1> AT",:

    w~

    AssuMP"'ONS:
    The $'1S'+elMs S\I\IlWo\;'" i"-t. Q,Cf.,O_".":J t"" .[..',""e. ~,..d.""o
    ,~ ......~''''OI.-no",
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    R. Ace..... "I.' heJ
    fOe". ~.,.,.I'1 ""'&t.le r ,'r i..-rev'r,

    ,"Ie.

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    op~t'OI.h.

    AS

    re.".r,d"f. Pfl>VJ4... cyCI -r",4t. ""'Q"O\,~",dt.S'

    ...

    e.f WR)~c. .. ".lq~ ("Wlell"", ike &o.""t blo\.i. CU'f. I'\OloU OPPoJIhl::td"r~c"tJ.~r+",...,., I0Il.'+10\ It "'."kl"'J i", +"'t oprow'... e. cli,ec+r o..,) +I\e cold ('u~,.".,...
    wo,",'cl t.,ep.,.,e'H~ 1'\0 I'\et. (.k4"'~e ;'" ,.+s c.."d,1\o.., Sl",c~ ,t U1o,del r.cetve
    ~r.

    fro-

    ...,,,,,Ie

    pUfi"'j Qr.

    c.o_,,\et.d b':i C!.o",s,d..,~ nj T\I\t Co_IItlMt.d 10'/$h."'" c:.oW\ti~HW\" o~ -+"t. 1-wu eyc.l.e Q"'cl t"'~ Colo 't'Se.t>vo , r : Sf"" .. ,ts p..l""ts
    e~e(!",,+t.
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    flU: c:.."'."",e., +11~ <:o"",~,'''~ cI.
    0t>.. rQ,~tI it'\ ... c'ic:.le.. MOf'eovel" J i t .. "c."'.."', .s e",e.. ~y b,:) heat traM'/.1"
    w,'t"'" 0.. s,",~\e. rc,se. .. Y,llI": the. hot
    r'~.s.,.vo,''''.... ccol"'cl\lo'\a \'j} "'~t. e....,b'Y\td s'1si."", ""'''st. 'AHt1)' -ike. ke'v,",. Pluck S+CL"Ie.""'f",t .)C.p,...,ssecl QS'
    ,."'..

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    W c'Ide <. 0
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    "sed beAAlo\,'e. i'i"r~.,err' b'e ('fc'le I ":1 ,'",clud.d.
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    W" -W-x <.0

    'N R

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    Tn,'s prop """'.'" e"", be. dtMo\o"'st,...... d in A par" lit I Wo')' ".!I
    'huo r.. y.,.,,"le re4 ...,' ..... ..,0"l. t-YC'fJJ ~I .",d It~ operCl'f!'""
    ""'w#t'''t
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    ,.ol~ o~ :r i ... +,,~ prey,'o",s cl.. v .. lop"""... -t:) A. c.o_~,".cf 't'tlt.~ COMS,'C"',''''' o/+"'.. +c..o oyete,s ."cl +ke hot r .s.,.v-o/,. ""0'1 Oof ~o,..""cd wk,'d, *ust sA""tf~
    'Heyde ':& 0 1 Y/I\. e e +It. ..,
    s uu d be!-c.ces. ,," p.......,
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    +"'e. c. fftt, d

    .f ptr/OrMo\AIIlCe of Aft Ir"."f~,,,/e


    ~~t= P"""p cyele. "S les: +~'" ofhe coe-lf,'c,tttll+ 0;' pofrto ... tfoi\ute.
    0....
    rtvtrl,'lIte heAt P"""p t."yc'e w"e", &o+a, e.'ICc.~,,",e. ~"er,y .
    ""\ he.. + iraI\C~'" w,'+~ +ke. .-.~e 4-..,0 re,ervotrs I lei) ./1 'e".rs,"e..,
    ne... + p" ...." c.yc'n operA-h'"" be+w" +lte. s "'~~ +wo rtt.rlfo'r ,s "-t-e

    Skow

    .. ~ ...t

    (~)

    -t'\e. Scu",~ c.t1e/-f,"'.lIIt

    ...,. pe.,.-fot-Htt4"ee..

    ~e~e""A"c. .eI ~ weN 1>~T":


    HOT

    -I!---WT,

    ASSOMP",o,,",S:C')Tke ~ys'fe""'J ck.w~ i", .. he. Cltcc:o... " ... ~ I ..., .f.,,,,te Vl1J~f'St)
    ke.. t P"'''''''l' eye.es .~EAC.'" c.yc'e PrOy,'dtl "IIIerS,! ~H io
    .tot rererlfo,,..
    R. o.tc.o""pJ,rhu tk,'" rtve","blv wk,'le :r is ,,.rtvtrtd>J4Z. (3) S.t'" cycler.
    op
    Ioef..,
    C.. ",,&. +.., 0 'e/,r~r"oi'S.
    A~AL.'fSIS: Cc) Ike
    d~_o"I...,....+to", pA..... "cl s tk. "pp,. c'"' ",ed I~
    ~tA). ~WfV""1 i .. +kt p er.... + (.Q.stt.
    ike e e ....... ,lIIetei ''1$+.... wo.,c1 (0",,'1+
    of. t"e +WO c'Yc.I., A cf fA". hot ff!SeV'vo,f'. <'1). 'Tk.. dt""ol1,N'.f,..,
    pa,..lleh i~e A.,p' ... ek ",s~c1 ,'"" P ....tCb).

    "'' 't

    5-14

    5./4
    kNOWN ~

    T\I\e... S~""'bol
    ~c.... \e..

    F,~:

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    t.)

    cAl

    E>

    cl41~O i~.s

    +~-P'f''' ~,,~

    0",

    l<e\vlM'S

    I O,o.,.,.+h ..... ,c-

    -\",...1'

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    T -+ C. ,wk~"'4l T

    c 'n

    1)e.~.. V""",,'"~ ike.

    l03 Ar l"f"'..... t e: ~e.... t e ,

    rA"',c.

    f.

    ,'S ofeWlpfr4llofure 01'\ th~ I('e I",'..,

    h"",p~~~"'c..

    .,.k~
    +k~~", .. 1

    v .. l",u 0'"

    te) ObtAi"" ca.", f)tpr~sr'.'" fo~ -+,,(


    Ht'C4'4 W\.C~ of A. rU.frf,
    po~" Cyc./t optra """'" I,ot tl.Uff"t "Jtrvol'rJ
    -1- S.., A ... cl Be. 0"" t"~
    7c....(e .

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    fro,,",

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    Gw ~IL

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    p.Uo'~" ~c:.te. wh,le. optr,.-f,'""
    be+ut~.",

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    -tke

    lo,tcr,'"'' "",'c
    ':.

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    ~A.S

    1e ..... per fw~ S<:.t:t Ie.


    SCAle,. de
    t1ed ~ S'ec. 5. 4.
    DetV\.C41'StvlJ tc Tk...i:
    t-"~ tl-v 0

    'The.
    FIND:

    r--I

    L
    ASS'UMP"ONS:

    --1

    (I) The.

    I---

    "'Y'.1IeWl

    showVl

    "'I

    -t"'~

    A,ure

    COillS'isf.r

    pv-::: RI'-;(JjLter~ T/ deill.cte,s fe. .....pey-~l-c...re OV1 ....,~


    (2)
    T'''e :>/"Sk'v",\ uYlderJ"<.s a.. rc.lle"~,ble c yct e. (..oJt..., te:
    c.ew.-vM.4" CAh ...j
    +z"l2v lMa l' 7
    .v.. ..r
    . Y'~s~rvt>.;"~. o::t /1+/ c<.J1d T C .... (3) Tl-tfi! c,;,cle
    COI1~I't. of ..p.,l.4-' Pl"O(~~S'-e.s jY) S-er/~S, 1-'2 15ict~t'--< o.:t 7ii") :z~~
    e:..d..'""b.. h'C..1
    ]--+ ISothAt .....,.M .... 't Ie. ...... ) 4-1 DI<L'Ah"h'c.. (4) 1<:.11<1(/l'(.. A ....<i fJ,;f! ... IlA.l efllet-7/,
    e1*ctt o.re. o.bS<rtt..

    of
    <Dcaas

    ~4S
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    'J'lS

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    to-

    A~ AL.YS/,s:

    IrI,5

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    elller~)

    betle:tiHC.

    In

    d.

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    Ffe...-t'>1 hp",.{

    d u, -= ~(~/io\) - ~ ( wi lot )
    nt'n) S I " { e

    f he

    p-..oc;<'s"",,,

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    d u, -= Cv

    Prcces.

    1-2.:

    rT/
    e

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    o.r~ ""'te...",tI~ ft>l)Of,blc= )


    CD l l-ec ht\S /\.Q r u I t: s

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    wlt-""

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    t.V~<:.h.

    ft."..

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    T"' e 5a.s.'

    2.-"3:

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    d I "',

    de~~o+e.s

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    ..

    to E 1 V~ h 01'1. 6, b ""r1der-ljl"jt4 kell/IV! sc~le. Th.;,s


    fe """p..a ""A.fl.Lre
    0>1 +~e
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    /.
    The Y-evey-~,b/~ cycle.
    c on ssci e r e d here:
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    .5"'- I fa

    CZ/rv(,'''spOYldJ'

    1.1oI p

    L 'J T~

    +o+~

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    A
    j""

    sys"c .... u"d..r,o~s 0... re.t'et>,ib/c. poo.r cycle ....k,./e nteill"''''J o"d fl.."Cf\4t"j......,)' . , It,.t n--,JUU/c'" ""t't'" IlNa -tlttt"""'"
    . "'~/'f""lI'o/"".J.

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    beticr
    ft,
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    0"
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    .... 4.....

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    it

    ........ 111

    bc..

    7C.

    Tc
    TI,to Sys~ .... sh.o"''' ;"' ..."'" Cto.cco",,,,,,,:!,,,, J,,u,.c. u"d..r,o., 0- r"ff,,~;IIt..
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    fllu..... c re$~"'''. trs.
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    Q.t1PIf""ble I.M ~..~ ccqe

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    E. +1.. .., itl,cre
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    +"'e.

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    ~
    is
    """,.ccl a.:J I'M prop.""'~1 o.f. +lte ""'-"Ie,.,'.. " vs4tcl -h> f-,.""'ca.lc.
    +k... 'I~ s:4c"" "'''derr'''''s +'- t'1 cl~.
    t>.. ..

    Io,e"t

    I, .
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    power et,e/es
    ,'e pro"tcl~d ~ Sec:, 8.2.3.

    5-11-

    5. 11-

    'Pl.OBL M

    c:., elf

    o+h.,.

    n .. h.r_....

    +"'-..

    ASSUMPT/DN:

    P0\,Auu"

    ""\.""",Y ":s

    rc.joed ~
    fiND:

    C')'~I~.s o..t'. O"'Y",. ... "\,~ d ;"\ ~e"',.s. O"'c. C',~I~


    h....+ ""sf&\"
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    r~wvu ~"'.""y .,~ ftU.t +r...... toft... ~o_ i'''''~ r~sc.r"V'o,r.t T.

    r",... ,,b'c.

    TWo

    KNOWN:

    ,. W".'"

    ..."".,._.. \

    Ca) .....t. ....

    e. fofs'Cll..",c..'es

    Tlootc. .. .,l.e.",,$'
    r.~rt,,,,c

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    '11)0

    ef. 1'''..

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    C:yC:I4'''

    ,'

    1010/,) (b)

    I.

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    skew",

    pot.A.le,.

    0.. .. I!

    b."w~.", of.... "'''''' ... '

    ~'''r~ vt'lder.,o
    reJe v:Yo,('S.

    ANAL. YSIS :

    =
    (We.'lc.f~)\. :.
    (WC'Idt.),

    :t ........ c.c.o,..l

    \AI

    +'-

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    o.ss" ....p-ho ...J

    ~ =,!. J

    GI4
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    rot

    Accord

    w,'r" tl,e. .... bo"C

    ASSl.Ilttpf!'e'!l

    ~iV"t'l!

    I -

    ., .... ,

    To:.

    T'e-

    4lMd

    {Teo TH

    4III!4!lr-------------~

    5-l8'

    P~8LEM

    518

    teNOWN:

    ~Y&"""""l \I",II.~jo "."."'tlD'~ P.""'~I "'~f.rI''''''.''''C)fI).'''tI I\f'.t pUWtp


    Cyc.tu
    """ "'-Ole OP4.~.tr~ o.. fc,.o.~ II i...... c ... "",e. +1Nb 'tkl.r_.1 "'f'S~I"VCI""S.

    ~:

    O"i.,"",

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    fo.-""",""

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    rcfY'i~u''''~'Ot1 .MeI. h~.+ p\lIMp


    0.\ tff'c.<tll\ey .;. +hc.. power

    c)'d~z

    ooJ.

    pttr1er-._lfltf!

    ....; ofer...,S

    of +kc

    04 'Y}.... ,,''t''c.+h~ ...' "-

    cycle.

    SCHEMA"tC. <ill/EN DATA:

    (Qtt

    T",

    4-111--- ~yc:~

    ASSUMP'T,oN:

    Th~ ~'1,-\e"",\ s. ho~t1


    rc.verc"'o.lc.
    cycles.

    At-)A.\...'(SI\:
    ,%""
    &('c...d
    o.t'C,
    .ppl le. .....'~ FOr t"k~

    j"t

    &Cc.o"""p.""'3t""~ .f.,,vr~

    "01d~"'jO

    ,100"" Q.uu"""ph()MJ e'i~' 5'.8" S.ct, CllMd !i./O

    e.ua/.\ -tit e

    po""".""

    +a,,

    cycle.

    Tc./7U
    1- Tc/1il

    -L..
    1- Tc/TH

    , - (1-'1......)

    ,
    :s

    r__

    "'~

    11------------------........;,

    .......

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    Q.re, p"o~"'cl.ccl

    kNOWN: OprAii"'j dClfo..

    Q"

    tyahtot

    u",d."'Jo"""

    0...

    pow er:

    cycle w"'-:Ie r.te,'v,'"" Clto\cl d,'s C.~""'3''" e~,.,>, . , "'~at: il'"A"r."....


    ""it'" fwo i~e,._.. ' r~s.,."o,.,.r at Sp~t.l1r~J "'c"""pera-lLut>~.
    F/~b:

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    of

    e..c.~ of -Mree.

    c,

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    s~fs

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    T"'ot

    ,k......., ,'.., 'Hu, ACCO_I-.":)'", ~'l.4"e

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    400 ~;7 I:L. O,S7l (5'7,1 %)


    100 1:0'3
    ~ 0."'1 pot"U4t'" c1c:tc.. ","'~4t,. ~ oriw..~cI

    Tc. :. 1Itt

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    6

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    \/,'ola h'o"

    As 'Y\ ~ Y\#JI.4.,r,
    -pp~

    = ~40

    ~'lIot

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    I<NOWN:

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    C., Co \a.

    e.c.~

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    t'C\/,U'fl

    SCHe",,"'Cc.

    dtato. .. re pro",ded -1-0 .... 0.. s.,S+f'''' Vt'ld."'Jo,",.1 Q. P(JlIJ~'"


    wk.o\
    t'(l~e("."'j 01'\ d Cl'H "" ...."."') e"~I"Jy .,/ I1t.4- ft--.... ~c,.,.
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    1000 "

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    PROBLEM S.2~

    ='2.000

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    sys"e"", v"'~."'30~s 0.. "'ve".'ble. po",." l:'1d~ wloose -+"11'__ I ~f..c.e.u)' Is


    'etei"i~ A"~ eUIC&"'W-"t'\J f..",~r1)' b~ he." ~h'l-,.
    ~t+'"
    tc 1~~"ol't'S t:

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    ANAL.YS/S

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    I

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    <i IVS N

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    &

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    power cycle...

    ANAL..,.~IS: 1""" A4'l:ord

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    oS

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    T

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    "S

    0..

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    1800

    T
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    Tc...
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    k1) [5~O K

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    cr'C'1c.l.a.

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    100

    K.

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    G'c.'1d.a. ::. - ( (000


    3"' ........... ~

    k:S )[ ~oo k. -

    ~) l'r("e~/l-h 'es

    l<.I"'

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    300

    K..

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    + O. (oCD1 K

    """,~.6'\, ~ sysff.."", .

    I. lw...... , E,. ~81 ~""'-. ~;_u_ -t~r--e. #CA~V\.('1 ~"'i


    ~~ op~,.t\~

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    - -.......------l~Weyc.le..

    Q,::: llo00 ~{u..


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    'Z 0 0

    ~-\.v.

    A~S()MPT'ON:I. Th~ f'tC+~"" sl,o....... ,'", -I"e. c:tc:co.... p''''',,''', ;"',ul'e u"'d.... 'of'.l .... P0\Jl'f:"- cycC~
    ~ .....~ I'IQ itl,..ft'l..., .r r e v e rs, b,",'-hf't. '2' "All he",+ ~l'IJ'.f.".s +--~t p/4('f! M ~ ;"eLl ~c:1 +t'_~r-........... S',
    ANALYSIS:

    The.

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    ,'$

    A"", e",&V"~y bA.(A.~ece "'ve,,


    We'teIe::

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    S""ee,

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    A l"ev.r.r,~Ie. pow~".. cycle. ~ ..... d


    +!\e. $ ....... e. -two '-.$."'1'0 ,'.. s .

    FINO: CA) EVQ\U\Ate.

    (b)

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    cyc/e:I

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    ASS"MPT'ONS: tl) T"'e sys.JP"'$ ~ !-tOW" ;'" -t"e Q.cco... po"~i~ ft',cue. ul1tJe"jo PD~"
    t:'1c.\es. _R ,'s revet's:,'" Ie ... tlod :r "3
    "rf~'I~rs"':J/~, ('2.) CDch sy.r+t"-\ 1'ece,'Vps <Vf.I
    a:l,1ol f .. a ..... The. "'ct; res er ver r: a~d. dISC"Ar'j~S f!lIlerj,/ A1:. Tc. "'0 +/.te Celc:J

    r ewv v ot,

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    E.",e~t ba/Ql'\te.s

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    when irr-evuf:,'/?;t'-fi'S a.i'~ 'f>"'-O..s~I'\.-t-) O"c'fclt. "'70, IH....c,s

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    Aeduce ~ dA-'.(~d OIUCf)IMe. ~ \)Je\/c.(~ Cll.",c:l i",~ +k.Q. ~


    (~t'C+e~1 W~(L.. ~ QCIv-e.. P0I"V""'" C'1"le.,s p'\~ ~
    T~-...A f'Al/v 1'\ M

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    be fWf'e., ike

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    ref,..'e,.... +i.'" C\fde

    ho 0 reservoirs.

    SAWle

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    Q t4

    DATA:

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    Cl>1.I>J RESERVOiR) 7C

    A~S\)M~TIONS:

    (,) The. ~ysteWls s"'ov.s", I''''' t~~ ACCO-PAlI\::l"lI\j f,,vre. U"d~r"D


    r~ f"i~erc."'o", Cycles. R ,'s re.vel"s,hle """,d r. ,'s ,',/",rev('rJ,'b te. ('l,) Ea<:.~ rys-lt...,

    o..t T c
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    At T....

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    - Qi
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    ...4111-------

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    ,'", Sec. ".1. The. e.o,,",clu$I'CI'\oo\ +I.o...i: Wr.,>W R tIl.\so u.", b~ de,"",o.",fy .. f~J
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    solun'O", -to P"'oble~ 5'.''i~1

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    u.l-e~ (.r,.,rfo~c!t

    is" .e v... lv~{ec::l.

    [ ", (TN T'c) Y~ -

    T.., - cc 1 . ..,,11----------------

    to 11- /Ufu..U 1> (J'-d

    (~) J <'CCftt ~

    1'"-,-,,\,,,fec4 ""'-''llll''j c.~"",~,~V" ",t

    A",

    KNowN:

    '.[2 t~
    ~tF/tvo:

    ~A ..... e

    SV,,~"",VI(e.

    ~1)TI

    '&:+.. . i e

    <1.,,<:1 ~2.)'T2.

    i'''iv,d

    receIves

    :stye""" ..

    slve.:.."", e){"b

    S''''j'ie.

    ~311i.

    """'-ley .... s ,,+ 'T;)T1.) '~,/';"3 .lh) EII"I..",h


    \"~ ... t C ) 'Tj/Tl.) W. ,/M3. ()
    fOv-f,ned

    t v.. IVA~e

    (o.)

    of 1-1....

    "A("'~

    /
    (I)

    /'t'SSUiV.PTIONS:

    ste ... dj

    \'he

    ~l/ ~3/or

    v..JI:"','c~

    sk.:."""''l

    rlote

    e,

    ir/-w.3 ."

    +en",s

    "',,<! 1.J'Tz. )

    CA-

    ~/'v"'VWl.

    > /

    v o l o i ...... -e

    COVltvol

    ''''

    hjlA./c.

    ,'..

    a.T

    S+t'",-d~

    VO(uvv-o.~ Qcv ~J;cv::.o c..cAd o./l bINI he. cu,d jP6fe"h~


    ev,er5y .eff<c..f' o.c e V\E-jltj(hle, L~) The ll'jV,d s~e<l.""'li u, ....., loe (.o1A..<;deled c,q
    'tA.L-OW'rA.H'/ bi-e
    (..U,t~ QOVl,+t,v1i. sp'<.' F-tc.
    ""e"t c.. and 11e:J/IJ,},Jle ef{ed!> cf pressu(...

    S't e-: +e.

    It.)

    FOr

    -r~

    0t

    \r!n.-3;"

    co""t:0l

    Ae..JAL7SIS~ (d..) At ,Sh'"dy


    \::>",lAV\(e.

    heCol'V1es..J wdh

    e''ju"hl)V\i,' ~;veJ

    o = '~, \. . (
    0::

    <D

    6..-

    (".., +1..

    1';;t-f"J

    c{S:';;'liW>rhDYI

    (3)

    <A

    I (

    b"l",,,,(-('

    YVCASS

    OS-SUM phOlo1s('2.))

    o:=. "':;"i hi

    w. l - ~ \)'" 1. - v.,?
    - 1,<.) -\- ,;.. ~ (/.,2, - hs J

    4-

    t"

    (,

    reAdf~3::')o/,,-r~2, An. el1~r3Y

    + h,2.

    "'1 -

    ~~ i1J

    ~"",Io"'''''''VlJ

    -tkere

    "'J

    E,,?,3.?.Oo

    aVld

    - ~ c ~ T t - T1- J + ~ 3 C
    ,

    CT, -73 J

    o=- "";",LSt-S1..) -+~"l.(5:.1-'~)-f It


    S0Iv''''5

    Ldt . . . j

    X -::,':"',/W.3)

    cr-

    w..?,
    (c)

    ~\t:.i~3

    j-he.

    c,e lA S h, /A

    t. I

    C.

    t"""'~

    \1'\

    U""- \a~

    .eJ'I.

    Pr-e Sf< d

    ~ (;~' { [ I +)1.. (~1-) - 'IJ]

    o-~

    c.

    l ("';'JX[I+ )I.[(~.)-IJ~

    de . . ivCt.five of

    - [~J-)(-k(~)[l+ ><l(~~)-IJJ+ (1-j~[(JJ-IJ


    (~f){ (I + )( tG2.) -IJ J

    ( j,,)

    ~ (~J

    x =

    Sl""~

    -tel - (1)]

    k(l) [ I -

    (~JJ

    ..t..'f",'d.ro..,.e.. .r-Atl) 0.. S'lA.~.r+a.t'\h~ ~~.rI.4~


    ~~
    (P1o- Ptl "uJlc1 /o.c I'~",."".
    ~ +"-A ", ... ~h~C< ~"""'" c,-ec........
    ~\~~i ~. e~c.~ ~ ~lil.l.. ...e Q"A.,A. .-~~..to.4 ......: o..UV"joh' (M ~.

    -t-'4,...""',(.

    A",,~ ..... e..-

    0-(.

    \to " ..... e,

    .... '/M3

    I)

    b.(A) 'I'~ '"ti

    <i- = c, [/.oW.l ) R~

    1,

    To

    ".,..t1

    ~"'A\\Y-4.

    wrus~i ~

    L~~

    ~7.

    +..t-

    =r, J-f"'-

    ~(,. ]

    :: c. [ u:

    +.4-

    7-1. ] =-

    +~~.s ..t.o~~ 0-... ~/'INIU~J fo"'.-.. ~


    (I'\.( o./~3)/d'l.'L ~ evA,(v~ t-~ AM~~"'j

    w.-tk. t"-. ~f""'J u,' "" ~


    ~ ~ u-,.L ~ ,viJ:,.:v-t ~ V\~-(A,."W.

    ~ he,.~

    +t:>

    S'b,.~W'

    "De""e.r....... "'~ -H-.. "'Spec...~c.. -4t.d'''t"ar'Y) ~ k;:r/t::~ .k; of ~+~,... ... -r ~

    FII-J1)',

    ~ llo"",'~

    <s+--+es:

    1oott:.

    v
    5.0 MPa.J +oOc. . T~~~I. n'O'>-\ ..... T~ 11- 4-: s:: ". r.S"~., /C.vllC' Ie. --<:
    (/:)) s.oMPa; la1:)c...
    Tt).b(~ A-r: s:: I.~o:t l:.::J/lc.slC.,
    --.r

    (,)

    (D..)

    C')

    S:o/-AP't, t.c.:. l~7~S"" t::Jlte,j

    T ...ble.

    r"""",s

    )(:

    A~'! ~'II"4S u&:= U47.fl<'J{IC~)

    L8'12S-1I4'7.9
    .;).5'4'7.1 _

    II

    +7r

    Ct

    Us'" ~S'!7.1l:. 'J/~.

    O.~

    ce)

    s ~ Sf ~ "I.
    (cl)

    :r T

    (S1-

    Sf ) :

    5.0 M~! ~~.h",rA.~d vDf'Q'-.


    fe s

    U , ...."

    u.\;-s.

    N, teo At

    T~bl~ A-&:

    So = ~.Cf=l3 \of

    0....Lt' 11J,'d ~h. -t<-,.s" ",,- a.s

    E 9 . (,.1. oS.&c. Hett..eldolo~ ~ l;1pcl~~ -

    (,IaJ,

    p. 2.~4-~

    /TCode

    P = 50 II bar

    Ta 400 11C
    sa =s_PT('WaterISteam" , P, Ta)
    Tb = 100
    sb = s_PT('WaterISteam", P, Tb)
    uc = 1872.5 II kJ/kg
    uc =usat_Px(IWaterISteam" , P, xc)
    sc =ssat_Px(IWaterISteam" , P, xc)
    xd
    sd

    =1
    =ssat_Px('WaterISteam", P, xd)

    /TResults

    =
    =
    =

    (a) sa 6.645 kJ/kgK


    (b) sb = 1.308 kJ/kg'K
    (c) xc 0.5001
    sc 4.447 kJ/kgK
    (d) sd = 5.973 kJ/kgK

    l<.~ IlC~' l<


    '71 re fu,I'V\S

    ~ntropj

    PROBLE
    E=/IVD:

    ~. 20

    fv\

    'De,.-\o-er...'..... "'e.

    +t...e..

    speoc''ft'<... ~..,,-Ivop1)"":' B+-IIIoI()~1

    ~llO"""''':'''j .s+a.+-es:

    of

    w ..

    -j...r o't ~

    1000Ibf-b'i\4

    C~)

    1000 llof{t,,~>
    LOOO

    (c.)

    1'*1"10\')

    J U1It> tf1fI.,,~

    75:TJP .
    '3oo

    n,:

    F.

    to X c Sf

    (~/e A - 4 6:

    l.-...ble. A-SE : :s =

    o.

    4-3~-S'2..

    S: I.

    Sy. Bfv../lb oR. . ...

    Bh4./lboR.

    ...4'-------

    '1'32,.4 T3fv../Ib

    q ': II <n..+ Bfv./'" .

    s ~ %'

    -ntM ...:

    T .... ~f"D' ...

    T .......... S

    s.f )

    .: 0.74-32.+ 0,(,,(0."47/):: 1./3/'S" Bft,./lfJt:lR.

    Cd ')
    'IT

    /ooo//,f/i;,1., S ~dv"',..;t) d v~ or ,
    Retu.l~.

    t!V\tf'C>('J

    u.."""J

    T~A'1E.

    S'l '=

    N0-t('-t~t

    0..+ ll<iv"d .s+A.+e.s)

    c7 lD .1 .

    ~ Mcf~~(OdJ up::!A.~

    Svc."'- 6t (10)" 'I7Ati-vv .....S

    - f' 2.4 +.

    IT Code

    p =1000 IlIbf/in.2
    Ta =750 11F
    sa = s_PT('WaterISteam", P, Ta)
    Tb =300
    sb = s_PT('WaterISteam", P, Tb)
    he =932.4 /I Btu/lb
    he =hsat_Px(IWaterISteam", P, xc)
    sc =ssat_Px(IWaterISteam", P, xc)
    xd = 1
    sd =ssaLPx('WaterISteam", P, xd)
    IT Results

    (a) sa 1.541 Btu/lboR


    (b) sb = 0.4369 Btu/lboR
    (c) xc = 0.6001
    sc = 1.131 Btu/lboR
    (d) sd =1.39 Btu/lboR

    ~~

    De.~et'wll''''e. the e"A"'~ e

    'f.-eel

    i., s P~C:I "",(. t",+rotty) i ... 'K::J/IC"#( I b.twHI1

    + he.

    sp-

    sh."'es.

    A- ... )

    'TAIDIe.

    ~. ').1 '2.0 teJ/",!, 1<.

    S I:'

    T
    TAblfA-'S,

    5"b.r

    s.~ t.'2.q cU. l'':1/t::5'1<

    I<:J/IC~' K

    - 4,Qr'1.8

    .......t- _

    -rd.ble A-(O

    __I t - - - - - - - -

    +oCltc.

    ~ "'0,J ~1= 2.'2.1,t8/l-l~ ': ''2.l,i?; '(.-:J/~


    ~s~

    Ll/,44 - 0 -:. C),S"'


    "Z.'2.1.,

    T\A-\. .... c

    .... ,'

    +t-

    S''l.

    ~_ r~ A -II

    "i~ _ S I

    e)

    AIr (AS

    Q\I\

    I'd ...

    I 'A~

    W,''''", eCJ.~.2tA.
    S').-$I:'

    'a 6

    = o . q II 7 -

    1i

    ='2.80 ~

    0,

    4'1 8'.:: o . 4

    '$ !

    7 LC-'J' ltc, . /C..

    ""C#

    (7C), P," a.I: Cl.,. J 7'2," '600 ~ (327ft:), 1='% .. , OJ( '".

    Q",d SO clAtA. ';"0_ TAble. A-2.2.


    sO(T1.) -

    sO(i,) -

    ... (a.4oc\o7. - I "11 7q) ~

    _ (8, 0 14 .!!:1).t/1 J.
    ~t.q 7 ,",,'!Co
    Z.

    1e'.1<

    = o, Q7'S" IS"

    'K::r

    f!:
    1;

    I",

    cc)
    ---.:.:

    ......

    _~

    l=5K
    ld)

    \-1'1dt-o,eVl

    p'). = 3

    Olt.)

    AS

    t\",,'deAI ,=,as. 7j"/OOOK(727oC), F!,.,b"",,"li:.7.eteK ('2-S0C),

    IDiot

    Table A-21 provides the following expression for

    c
    -=-p = a

    cp(n

    + {3T + -yT2 + BTl + gT


    R
    Inserting this into Eq. 6..,. written on a molar basis, and integrating
    $2

    -=
    R

    $1

    f (a + (3T + -yPT + BTl + gT.) dT _ In


    T2

    T,

    (
    = a I n T2
    T + (3 T2 I

    T I)

    -y

    P2
    PI
    l

    g.

    + "2 (T 2 - T I ) + 3 (T 2 - T I) + :4 (T 2 - T I)

    The values for the constants a, {3, -y, a, and e for

    112.

    P2

    In PI

    are obtained from Table A21. )J4l'\Ce..

    ~-i;

    =fl.ll,/-

    :: - 4+. b t
    W.f~

    fN

    lC..J'

    IC""DI Ie:

    O.,l'/q'f -1.C>'fi'b ]

    Ic-J'

    L,U.e,.(

    ~ .. -~ ':.

    SIA.t

    fw- 111. fv e.-. -r~ A- ( J M ':- 2.0 1<.,

    - 44.f:,i' ~'J

    ,.....

    IT SCLu7/oN:

    'J.,,~r - 1.7~lb -+

    ~,.,,"

    ~l EO -...l o,....r"

    h-~l ~

    -a..lol -1.87't3 +

    '2.'0 \(,

    Jlc-.Ilc:. :::
    k e / r;~

    -'2.2.. 1~3

    \c..J
    ~l<'

    IT Code

    Ta1 400 II C
    pa1 100 II bar
    Ta2 100
    pa2 100
    sa1 = s_PT("WaterISteam", pa1, Ta1)
    sa2 s_PT("WaterISteam", pa2, Ta2)
    dels_a = sa2 - sa1

    =
    =
    =

    hb1 = 111.44 II kJ/kg


    Tb1 -40
    xb2 = 1
    pb2 5
    pb1 = PsaLT("R134A", Tb1)
    hb1 hsat_Px("R134A", pb1, xb1)
    sb1 ssat_Px("R134A", pb1, xb1)
    sb2 ssat_Px("R134A", pb2, xb2)
    dels_b = sb2 - sb1

    =
    =

    =
    =
    =

    Tc1 = 7
    pc1 = 2
    Tc2 = 327
    pc2 1
    dels_c = s_TP("Air", Tc2, pc2) - s_TP("Air", Tc1, pc1)

    Td1 = 727
    pd1 = 1
    Td2 = 25
    pd2 3
    dels_d = s_TP("H2", Td2, pd2) - s_TP("H2", Td1, pd1)

    IT Results
    (a)
    (b)
    (c)
    (d)

    L'ls = -4.903 kJ/kg'K


    L'ls = 0.4338 kJ/kg'K
    L'ls 0.9749 kJ/kg'K
    L'ls -22.16 kJ/kg'K

    =
    =

    'PR08LEM

    Co. 22..

    'D_e+e ........"'e. tl-le.

    FINO:
    _
    _

    Co.) Wt>.+ef'.

    o
    f
    e, h
    "''''je.
    '" o
    rp.c'1"l'c.

    1"';/i.. 1., T,"

    P I : 1000

    e"i-..... ")'J i" 8-4.../lhoR.

    Bee of, P; :./ooo/hl-/t.. a.; 1i = /De"r.

    'ooc Ibf/'"a.
    ,.Atole. A -+E.

    s, ... t. SM. s- U"/Ih

    ,....tole. o\-SE.

    Sa. :. Ool2.Qo I

    sa. -~/ ::

    .~

    B ~ ...I /6"1{
    to.)

    - 1.437..,.9 /3#-0../ lb oR-

    v
    (0)

    h, =- 47.'t I !3n..(lb J Tj .:: - 40o~ s: A1v ......~d

    R-I.34A.

    VD.pOl" :t

    Pz. ':: +0 l"f I,'\It '1..

    40101';",'1.

    4'f.<J1-

    q). \"2-

    v
    -r~

    A-',E I

    :' O.'1.\Cl'l

    'B-tv-I 'bo~.

    O.S-

    L~ ""

    ~_~, ~ 0.1..1 1 '1 _ o.II'f'S":. O.IO~Co fSft../lb.(}R..

    Cc) A~.,.
    W,'fk

    0.$

    t>.",

    '''''S.

    ;c1eAI

    e,.(;,.'l.s...

    o.",cl

    (d) ('Cor-bo., dil>~I'c/e

    ell

    Wio\'" E,.I..;).5"1:1

    Tr:. ~oF. P, :2."'+"'. Tz." 42..0


    t. D clo..+.... forD .... T .... lole. A.:zte

    Q~

    ;c1

    "",d SO

    Th.",..... :+k -+10..4

    _'I.113t

    1'j Ii.:' /qf .....

    S'oof't .. "do

    ...t

    BBoR.

    -.'to

    12.80P, a"d 5371f

    ~ J-. ~

    ~ (S',.o~7.-"e.o44v
    .. . . . )
    \]bN., R
    :

    Co)

    T,=82.0F, f'i"'IA+ ...,7j."77F, &=3.. .,....

    qCl$.

    frO)_ '7&I~A-2.~t=

    S~-'I '::' ~O(Tl.)_ ~o{"li)

    ..

    - (,.U"
    ~ "\ ~.!.
    ~
    l......,.o~ J
    ,

    Sf,..

    ~.oR

    ~otu ...( .. ,. "",.,.,,,., 0

    c01.

    fr ....... , ...

    "'e. A-IE:.

    ~
    -". l'l'!i Ib,. 1l

    44.01

    Ih/Ii"..'

    Cd)

    _ O. ':l.l>'" 3 s- g ..... /lb,(J(( ...


    --.;t;l--------------------

    IT Code

    P =1000 //Ibf/in. 2

    Td1 = 820
    pd1 1 * 14.696
    Td2 = 77
    pd2 = 3 * 14.696
    sd1 = s_TP("C02", Td1, pd1)
    sd2 = s_TP("C02", Td2, pd2)
    dels_d = sd2 - sd1

    =
    =
    =

    Ta1 800 II of
    Ta2 100
    sa1 s_PT("Water/Steam", P, Ta1)
    sa2 = s_PT("Water/Steam", p, Ta2)
    dels_a sa2 - sa1

    hb1 47.91 II Btu/lb


    Tb1 -40
    xb1 = 1
    pb2 40
    pb1 Psat_T("R134A", Tb1)
    hb1 hsat_Px("R134A", pb1, xb1)
    sb1 = ssat_Px("R134A", pb1, xb1)
    sb2 = ssa_Px("R134A", pb2, xb2)
    dels_b = sb2 - sb1

    =
    =
    =
    =

    IT Results
    (a)
    (b)
    (c)
    (d)

    LlS -1.437 Btu/lboR


    LlS = 0.1056 Btu/lboR
    LlS = 0.184 Btu/lboR
    LlS = -0.2545 Btu/lboR

    Tc1 40
    pc1 = 2 * 14.696 II Ibf/in. 2
    Tc2 = 420
    pc2 1 * 14.696
    sc1 s_TP("Air", Tc1, pc1)
    sc2 s_TP("Air", Tc2, pc2)
    dels_c = sc2 - sc1

    =
    =
    =

    lc::~owN: e,...i,e./A.J-2;t UlI\u..,.3""c t 0.. p.-oc..f"SS be~e'Il~ +'-"'0 $p.c.lr.~d a-h..i-f's.


    F,"-'C:
    \:),,~--''''~ T"-t. -+.:."""'p .........fu.r~ --* -t"'-t. +0'1<'1",", ,J+-1-~ I ~ C) ().~ c\. 1t-

    ~""TIC.T'. "VGt-J 'bllt7A:

    sp~CAf,'- e",,4-~~ /",.; ,,~p:~.

    .f\""~

    O. "2. 1'1 ~o.-::: ~. 0 bcl'''-

    <!>

    <.o"~
    O.O~M\>l'J\ '= O.~

    ASSVMP,.,ON:

    A~~ ... 'T'S\ $:

    "'' '-0

    ~y~-k"",.:o

    fYltI- 7~ A- 'I J

    ~1.:'SI4-tt~-S,')

    -::

    II<~ ~ -'l.'4
    s,.:: (.01~(P te:v/r,.I<. ~

    t.018(P+(-O.SS)-:'O.$~~ (,:r{Ic.Cjk.

    sz.c:.s, 0..* O.~b ...r : -r""bk


    (et"". -rheV\, T~ -5t. ~O(.. 0."'-4

    s....c:.e.

    !.f<'

    ": o. S~~<.

    A-9 }

    -( -O.OSCi1..)

    'l'~- l.O'Zqt{-l-o.o~4.(")
    ~

    h .......

    boor

    "'f-t- t-... <. ~3 ) ': -

    'S+-.::t..~ ~ L.:. ~ .fwu-r~...e..tl.Ac(- V~or


    ...

    Tc.

    -O.S'11~

    12,1 ~ + (OS~la-)(2.lt.O. U ') ~ II <D. ~~

    kr I "'~

    4::Ci::---~

    I<NOWN:

    Otle..

    Ib

    e.Vl+("0'P'I
    ~: Dc+.("-.i~~ )(

    ~ ... te,. v",de",,,o#$

    of

    1oe.+IPU'"
    0,,"

    A.

    ""+ ~ h"~ . st'...tc. J

    0.$

    ~l-te"~Af\ 'Ie IN\ei'~ch'.

    tA,Sin5

    110 C."'AlI\'~

    p"'Oet"s,r ",,'ih

    +wo ~p.c~f,ed &+Ates.


    "'PV'''.l'Ir''''~j

    100

    ,'",

    'SPf't:,ft~

    /'-fl/lf~

    SCHtMA"TIC";, Give IV 'l>ATA:

    s
    A~SOM~TIO"':

    The.

    o",e. '"

    0-/

    w ... ter

    A~Al-y'Sl~ :(A) Fro_ TAble. A-4E

    3/

    ,',

    .,."'~

    = /. 7So7S"

    ":'1~+~"'"
    &/ .../Ib .oR . Tk~"l

    w""'' '

    A ..

    $3 ... t

    Si/oof/.',,'l.

    fya- 'T ... h Ie A - 3

    1.7807S- O.2.34Q
    1.8 ..1ol- o.'l14'

    (b)

    '8'a-

    ,'>\,,..c:1\Ol'\ O.{

    I.,e"l

    (el

    w,."

    s~=s,

    R~"re
    .."cl

    A-8E

    ..

    to p,=/OO I""/""'~ T,=G,SooF) ~,=1.78' 84-0./lb,oR.

    p~ ... 'S' /1#+/,'",1)

    IT Code

    T1 650 11F
    p1 = 100 II Ibf/in. 2
    p2 = 5
    s1 s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    s2 = ssaLPx('WaterISteam", p2, x2)
    s2 = s1

    IT Results
    S1

    X2

    =S2 =1.781 Btu/lboR


    =0.9609

    = o. '61

    ')(.1.=

    o.,,~,

    FIN()~

    'De~el"'l',,,.,,"l1e

    ::las

    ;..le,..{

    CD

    ~del..

    +&-'f'd\,,.,,,,,e ~ sp~c.,f,'c. <",tv'0r'j

    +'-".....

    o.l'\~

    ~/-kr~+Ve.

    ~ ft='::J/t:,.K.) ur,.",,'] +~

    D.pra--ACl..A..o .

    c as e,

    A,,,,,,

    (G)

    P, = 1001<P....
    P2.:: 100 Ie I'Go
    '1j: 2't31<.
    T~:,

    .os::: I. 'f2I1Q - 1.~7~ ~'t f - 0


    = O.2.42.t, ,,;r/t:"K

    AS:

    \...

    !!.! -

    "'1:)

    .. o.

    37.3K

    CIo)

    /.007

    "4451

    1C:f/t<SK

    At.,.

    PI: Itoar

    P2.:: 3bar

    1j:: 600'<

    "Ii::
    (c)

    t-50K
    Wi""", SO cl....+... ~._ i ..."'le A- 2.~
    o....cl M fro_ T ..It>Ie. A-I

    CO2-

    1\'" ISO",Po.

    45 _ ;1.41.033- ,11"11.2.84 - ~.'I4f .1M. ~

    fi:: 100 Ie f'~


    T,:

    30~1<

    11= S73K
    {l'l

    w,,,""" ll" ....

    T,:: 5001<

    %-a'-

    j..,

    fr'o'-

    T .... h'~

    ill _ ~
    101

    04-'.11/

    J.-.

    A-2.0

    1,:'0
    ~

    (c.)

    4----

    K:f/lca't<

    fl. T

    :: (~)( ~):: :1.444-

    '1--,

    '42.:: 0:1 $ "

    +3i-K

    P~ : (;~ )(~)

    T, :: 3001<

    VI:: 1.\

    .... $-

    0.1'

    4+.01

    : 0. 4 1" CJ

    CO

    w,'i", c.p

    0,75"

    \.:S60

    Ikj

    wa", 'i

    d.~+~

    .fv-o...

    TAble A-.t!> ",,,4

    "" ~""" T~l~ A-\


    -:z.12.,"~ - 'Q7.72.3- t,114 ....... 7.,~

    L1~ '= - - - - - - - - - - -

    2.lt

    .0'

    ':. O. 20 , 0 1

    N,

    (e)

    p'-:'2.M~
    flo:

    1j

    SO \\ ...-\-... fro- (... Me A-:23


    d M f.,.o'- -r... &! e A-I

    i-t....

    11...

    I /14 Pa.

    ~8001(

    'Ii.;:

    AS :

    300K.

    te:. :l {t:,. I<

    l<n~n-220,Q07-

    g-.!/4 I",

    z:::I

    ~--=-.:....-----=-------=
    ").8. 0 1-

    ::: - O.<a':!l73

    ~'J'/1c:31<.

    IT Results
    (a)
    (b)
    (c)
    (d)
    (e)

    l,

    TNt
    +~~

    L\s = 0.2429 kJ/kgK


    L\s = 0.4762 kJ/kg'K
    L\s = 0.4764 kJ/kgK
    L\s = 0.2702 kJ/kg'K
    L\s = -0.838 kJ/kgK

    cp V.,\v.t-. i~~".. hll1.tec:l ft--. .,..",,~ A-2.() ~+ +&o.e A,,-e,..o..~-e +e""""7'~.-,."""",Y'~.AHer,, ...tiv~
    o.ri~W\.~~~
    ......4t"~ of +I-a <f Vcr.lyel Q.+ +.... tt.vt> ~ O\~ ;.e~('Cl>~;-er u.." ~ U.1~d.

    <:01'1$-1-0."'1;.

    PRb'13LE tv'\ "2 ~ ( (o",-td ~


    IT Code
    pa1 = 1 II bar
    pa2 = 1
    Ta1 = 293 11K
    Ta2 = 373
    sa1 = s_TP(IAir", Ta1, pa1)
    sa2 = s_TP(IAir", Ta2, pa2)
    dels_a = sa2 - sa1
    pb1 = 1
    pb2 = 3
    Tb1 = 300
    Tb2 = 650
    sb1 = s_TP(IAir", Tb1, pb1)
    sb2 = s_TP(IAir", Tb2, pb2)
    dels_b = sb2 - sb1
    pc1 = 1.5
    pc2 = 3
    Tc1 = 303
    Tc2 = 573
    sc1 = s_TP(IC02", Tc1, pc1)
    sc2 = s_TP(IC02", Tc2, pc2)
    dels_c = sc2 - sc1
    Td1 = 300
    Td2 = 500
    vd1= 1.111m3/kg
    vd2 = 0.75
    vd1 = v_TP(ICO",Td1,pd1)
    vd2 = v_TP(ICO",Td2,pd2)
    sd1 = s_TP("CO", Td1, pd1)
    sd2 = s_TP("CO", Td2, pd2)
    dels_d = sd2 - sd1
    pe1 = 20
    pe2 = 10
    Te1 = 800
    Te2 = 300
    se1 = S_TP(IN2", Te1, pe1)
    se2 = s_TP(IN2", Te2, pe2)
    dels_e = se2 - se1

    FOvl): De..J.ef'""",",,,,<.

    '0.0

    id(~

    +kPc:.~~~ It''\ Sr<~p.,,(. ~"'~"'~J ~ 8fs.o./I/:'MA.o/ o f( J

    loCMlclc.l....-Q.r\o +I.v~~

    ~lt~,.~+:.~

    -r dc~{ 6t..S

    (!)

    /.lSI'""

    jlA...4...

    o.P~A.clAJ,..s.

    T,j&.bl~

    Co",s J.".", 4- SP~C4

    f.-c.

    l-krt..::t-

    ce.se,

    wa'"

    AI~

    lA)

    "': I ~:f""

    ft-."",
    M ~ ~6. 97 ''-/'''''''01
    ,,:>0 c1~"QI.

    TA.bl~ A.., uE

    1j: 500

    T&' 8lo01{

    MY"

    (b)

    If = '"0 ''of'I'rt~
    1\" ,"0 "fI;..~
    T,= SooR
    T;l:

    (c)

    7bOR..

    C02..

    Pt ~ let+...
    P2.: 3"....,

    T, e Sooot

    t>

    Ll S: ,18.(n(O. 7''02.3- O.5f2.33),:,


    :. 3.''''2.'2.
    wo't~ SO
    """ d.

    \'II :+lI. l!f' a 1: 2~oF -f.,o ..... 7.. hIt

    4"'ci. Nt e

    p~ .. I.d""
    0

    Q ..

    I~"

    ~S::

    ~._

    d..+A.

    T ... ol~ A~12:E

    fv\:. ~ g. '17 Ital/6M.DI

    wio\'" &0 4A~"

    c, "*

    wi+'"

    ." -o.o"\ct8

    fr...... T...",e. A-23"E

    ..6S = 5".7E15- 50."06 - L'U," A..

    :: 4.1'7~2. Bk/I".... o/R.

    0.0\

    1i= "'o~
    Tz :: ~"OoR

    rsffA.llhlA4.'D~

    frD-

    ~S ':. (4t."'/VO.U.~) III ~ \..:

    'i"O

    J..:

    1.'1

    T4h/~ A-IE

    (c.)

    tc..c.....!-+1

    : 4. ";).17" 1H"'I'.,.,.,It\

    w.Jr.. . " v .. R T
    ~ : (~~ )(~~)

    =~~)(

    '" ~ ~() fil/I"


    V,.: I ~ +t1.f 1111

    :!!,o
    -'.41U u: ~
    (iii)
    S"~O
    '1.0 . . . - -

    fIit.:: 4":.01 ,.," .... ,

    cl

    '1\.

    co,&-

    'o . . . ,

    Wi ...'" ~" ,,1:. ?70 o F fy..... 7 ... ble, A-z.pE

    11..: II
    eel)

    Co.)

    'loo of f,.- TA..~I~ A-3b~

    M:. ~,.q, Ibl

    ..os: r...~8'H)(O.HI).tn

    FJ-hA/lta.... o/ oR..

    .. _ o.o+q,

    ~
    - 1 "/'.lM1 ~
    SOO
    -r.. .
    BJr-..//b ..... t- oR..

    'l.78~1-

    o.... ci

    as -:.18.7 (."~jH2. - .lot>9S-)-/. " " I.. ;.:

    ~'6.q7 1&//6"".,

    (2M1)(O,'HI) Ih

    8400./'''....' oR

    A.20S

    w; Jr"-. set

    d.A~""

    Woo\''''

    A" d

    C" a-t
    M:

    fn.- "T4JoLe A-WE


    [tb....' frd"" TAble A-IE

    30o"F

    "1'. 01

    ~~)= '.1374

    .f,......

    T...ble A~e

    ta'f:: .55.'8et- 5:l.u'i - ,./fS" I" ,.737i

    = '.558 .
    (e)

    Wi-\'''' SO cia" A.

    No.

    r. = '1...",
    P2." I .+h\

    T, .... 17."O~
    T",,::-

    B-I-...llb ...o/ o'!...

    "'01\

    .fr.....

    T ...",Ie.

    A-a E

    As: 47."8- 51.77/- 1.'8~..l" 1...


    :: -'3.'2.1(..

    + S-hllb..../O~

    'Wi+'" Cop
    o... cl

    f..- T .. hle.. A-~E


    ''''/lhMol f,..... T...hle. A,S

    a't Soor=

    M= 29.02.

    As': (28.0'L) (e.2S4) III ,~O _I.qg, I..

    =- 3."2.2.5 S-

    I~O

    rsJ,lA/ 110"",.,. of{

    IT Results
    (a)
    (b)
    (c)
    (d)
    (e)

    r.

    LlS 3.79 Btu/lbmoloR


    LlS = -0.04884 Btu/lbmoloR
    LlS = 4.176 Btu/lbmoloR
    LlS 1.557 Btu/lbmoloR
    LlS -3.217 Btu/lbmoloR

    =
    =

    ,'f e" ... h..... teo f-t"o- -rAol~ A- 2.'0 A+ r~e


    -I'N At.tllI",chc. c,..."h'''c..~ i ~. Cp vc.llAes Q..+ -I-~ two t'l'\d s-f-a-l-t-t

    T"o COI\$+-t ep vAl14e

    l\A+\,,(I,,\}

    o.V-E""'~-e ~",,",~A fo..c......


    C4l1'\

    vs 0::/.

    Alfcr-

    IT Code
    pa1 = 1 II atm
    pa2 = 1
    Ta1 = 500 II oR
    Ta2 860
    sa1 = s_TP("Air", Ta1, pa1)
    sa2 s_TP("Air", Ta2, pa2)
    dels_a sa2 - sa1

    pb1 = 20 I 14.696 II atm


    pb2 60 I 14.696
    Tb1 = 560
    Tb2 = 760
    sb1 = s_TP("Air", Tb1, pb1)
    sb2 s_TP("Air", Tb2, pb2)
    dels_b sb2 - sb1

    pc1 = 1
    pc2 = 3
    Tc1 500
    Tc2 960
    sc1 = S_TP("C02", Tc1, pc1)
    sc2 s_TP("C02", Tc2, pc2)
    dels_c sc2 - sc1

    =
    =

    Td1 660
    Td2 = 860
    vd1 20 * 44.01 II ft3 11bmol
    vd2 = 15 * 44.01
    vd1 = v_TP("C02",Td1,pd1)
    vd2 v_TP("C02",Td2,pd2)
    sd1 S_TP("C02", Td1, pd1)
    sd2 s_TP("C02", Td2, pd2)
    dels_d sd2 - sd1

    =
    =

    pe1 2
    pe2 = 1
    Te1 1260
    Te2 = 660
    se1 s_TP("N2", Te1, pe1)
    se2 s_TP("N2", Te2, pe2)
    dels_e = se2 - se1

    =
    =

    (0.)

    USI"'.' clo.-f... .fro... TA.b1e... A-2.

    S,,,

    T
    Tl\e",

    $4' + ,/-,(Sa-Sf ) = 0.1510 + 0.7S(W.,oof- 0./510)

    t=,.

    = ". 7 1'3'3 s . :r I
    I<
    i.,hrpo'.. k ...., w ....Jo, '$1.=10, i .. T ....,/t,A-3,

    eft)
    pz.='.8'f7ba".-

    s
    !t)

    Air

    0.$

    0.", ..

    de. I '0.10.

    Si ~c:e. '51. -::. S I )

    E' ",. (.,. :2-S' '""

    10\

    t:n C) J PI -=-1. 'S J,M

    T,:: 3001<

    P....

    ~o d.cd~

    11' c)

    . F,.. cl

    P2'

    ". If e.l

    = ,.oeT~) - 'SCT.)
    ~

    'P,

    w..-tt..

    J 71. :: 400 1

    .fro,"", T ... b\~

    "'-.2:2.
    170 z.o3

    l.qCj\C\4!- -

    (g.SI'" J2.8/f1)
    ee)

    .74"

    5i",ee. Sz,'" 5,)

    c'l'

    '.~I~

    SC>(Tl.}:

    ~,ve.r
    SO

    ('T,)

    ~oC.Tl.)': 0.(.,.0'50 +
    "I",-4.t'I'0laf..""

    tw\

    R.

    -to

    'P,

    l.qSG::.

    ~,.q7

    "" ........ !>O(Tl.) ,..... 7'Abl~

    l"""''''

    j"

    J t.v,'r......

    ~
    3

    S,':.

    O.

    a4-"'/lb'o~.

    4cn7"~

    '{V

    o.

    o. ob1t

    D.

    .:

    '4' +

    ~~ ( V1- V-f)

    O. '7"

    S"~ + e. C\. K"

    (03

    O. I

    ~3

    &-32-

    w.1}!:J

    At'\.d S ~ -::.

    ::. 0, q~

    oe:, 78

    ~cL

    v").. -=-

    (co

    (3etF) ...f t l f - - - -

    q~", ~""Jl ~l< .

    cl.-.h.. t.~ -r.,....b-t...c A -ll

    )2,. ':. O. C\u... 4


    ~3 cn-

    O."S~II

    :.

    A-12.E/ 7i.

    N-~ 7..6it A-I~J


    -n. _

    J....

    O. Ilf /7 -

    SI

    ITCode

    /* (a) Water
    p1 = 14.7 Illbf/in. 2
    T1 500 II of
    p2 100
    51 =s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    52 5_PT('WaterISteam", p2, T2)
    52 = 51

    =
    =
    =

    (b) Water
    T1 10 11C
    x1 0.75

    =
    =
    x2 =1

    =Psat_T("WaterISteam", T1)
    =ssat_Px('WaterISteam", p1, x1)

    p1
    51
    52 =
    52

    ssat_Px('WaterISteam", p2, x2)

    =51

    (c) Air
    T1 27 11C
    p1 1.5 II bar
    T2 127
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    52 = 5_TP("Air", T2, p2)
    52 = 51

    =
    =
    =

    (d) Air

    T1
    p1
    p2
    51
    52
    s2

    = 100 II of
    =3 II atm
    =2

    =s_TP("Air", T1, p1)


    =s_TP("Air", T2, p2)
    =s1

    (e) R-134a
    *1
    T1 = 20 11C
    p1 5 II bar
    p2 = 1
    51 = 5_PT("R134A", p1, T1)
    x2 = x_sP("R134A", 52, p2)
    v2 = v5at_Px("R134A", p2, x2)
    s2 s1

    IT Results
    (a)
    (b)
    (c)
    (d)
    (e)

    =1.926Btu/lboR; T =1016F
    =6.712 kJ/kgK; P2 =6.903 bar
    P2= 4.117 bar
    T2 =38.75F
    5
    5

    0.9264 kJ/kgK;

    X2 =

    0.985,

    V2 =

    0.1888

    m3 /kg

    PROBLEM (D.28
    ICNoWN:

    O"e.'-:",

    o.f

    v ..d.rsoes

    02,

    pro(f'~ bdWM" rpecl 'I'e.}

    0.

    ~:

    4l+tl\+ps.

    V:II "'J _+"'ru , "->eHucis J. df!f~,."". .. e, -4"'e C:""""'3~ ,'IIt IP~(.ff,c. ~"'+I"Of'r: (A) ct6.1'I
    wit'" Cp fro,,", T...IJIe.A~2.11(")
    ().:tfb MI ..,,, i'0 fr...... Tallie. A-'2.'a a) ,,'.23
    w,+.... c,. At 'f00 I< ft-o..", 7.. AJe. A-20~ (0) usi"'~:t'T.
    S(t4e~MTlc. t, "t/EAJ DAr ...:

    e:"

    /.Sbar

    2.

    15001(

    .s
    A~SUM1>T,oN:
    CA.)

    T~e .'Ych...

    Ve''''' E,.(o.tq
    S:a.- S,

    A-2J

    0-1

    Oz.) wk..tl, "e~tl\w, at

    QI1

    ,'dr" I ~Q.r.

    T'&"

    Tl

    T..... le.

    ollte '< 3

    c.o,,~,dt oi

    C.,<'T) cI. T _
    "T

    !!:

    R.t....

    fj

    fj jve,t

    A-Z3,

    ...o'tI,S fy-o.... T"bJe

    iO(Tl,} -

    Sa.- S, :.

    SOCt)

    R1.", A./p,

    M
    2.S7.qr.S- '2.05.'2./3- ~.1/04 k...1~h.

    :.

    = ,.77.:&5'I<.J/",k'

    ...._ - -

    3'2..

    (s)

    Vcil\~ Ef.

    ~I'+""

    (..3.3

    <r ... t

    ~:L-s/ ... cp.to. 'Dr,. _

    T,

    +"'0_

    100 I<..

    T"''''e.4-''2,O

    R J- ~
    ~

    ': /.0'74..t.....~ - t.:!i,!.t..... ~ :'1.80i~ k"J/~,.K


    '00

    id)

    ll.,

    :L..

    ITeode
    T1= 300 II K
    p1 = 2 II bar
    T2 = 1500 II K
    p2 = 1.5 II bar

    IT Result
    ~s

    = 1.724 kJ/kg'K

    s1 S_TP("02", T1, p1)


    s2 = s_TP("02", T2, p2)
    dels s2 - s1

    ((,)

    .....- - - - - - - - _

    /(tVOwN:

    C.p...~"","""'C1A\'CX ~v\"de.rl}o () S{Je.C(~I~c4 pr-o,e~>.

    FJve l,tl0fJr(}4-j

    FIND.:

    De+ertvtIYJ e

    eYln-opy

    -tl1e

    .-f

    Ch"''''J-t'

    -t/-vi.

    (tt) iY"(~/let'jlbIP.J

    proceS'S / ..

    (b)

    j'vt1f:tIllCt'7

    r e vel/51 ble.
    $CHL'IV1A7/C

    T'

    I i/fN

    17ATA:

    bur
    T

    = (OOOC
    72. = 0 o~
    t;

    A SSU/Li

    PIt ON:

    'S', .... c

    AIVAL-iSI-S '
    -+h~

    f ...... o

    Th e

    "'!SI-eW1

    e",,/Yep?,
    /~

    shefes

    LOiJ\'U;;h'
    o:

    ,. l>

    Set....,e

    ff.1e

    of

    pr c per +'1 .J
    r~Jarq .e.,ns

    PROBLE tv\ G,. 30


    I<~ow"":
    FIIVO:

    WAfer f.LI'\d.'I',o~S .... p.-C-4!!'U fro",""

    De~t'''''''''lI\'' +c... (,-",~~ ~

    AIoJ4(".'(SiS.: (a.)

    S,=

    Co) SA,, 1..". d ....+..... for"""" '7~ A-l.


    4S-= - 0

    SO,

    of

    i..viife(

    +t-te

    C.

    of

    ...t-'~IIId ~+",+e 1'A:t: iJaO C , 5M p..... '"' sAt.lt'1 11t


    l.U'l'\

    fo""-r" all-e'Ii1A.HV~

    *,-:ltlC'~"<:;

    I.O=r4.00

    h.~v..,) e"';'"
    e I-r Dp/" be h.c;ee Vi
    Mahue of -lite p,o,-<"sS

    -the

    'S2,

    =O.S7Z.~ .dS:.-O.4q"S'i';7/~'I<.

    ~ Sf OJ):' I. 07 S~ ~~llC'S'I:::,) ~4

    ~.I $

    ..e

    k,~

    UOI+f-\. c:.:4.16E

    ~"I::.

    ~ .11'3 : -0. Sf:)').r


    ~53

    (et.S

    ~ov~);

    fr~'A"l~A-l.C\ (..:I 7:a... e)' w;+t-.,G..2.t.(

    "':'1/ ,,~. t<.

    IT Code

    T1 80 II C
    p1 = 50 II bar = 5 MPa
    T2 = 40 II C

    =0
    s1 =s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    p2 = Psat_T("WaterISteam", T2)
    s2 =ssaLPx('WaterISteam", p2, x2)

    x2

    dels

    =s2 - s1

    I. A~ ""'Oied "'" 1h.o ~e+kcldol0eJ'1 uPc-~ 0'"

    \A' i <A1 61- t. 1.,

    4D"C

    /N\Cft-aS.

    SO~e\Co/~, .Ie:.

    (t"jUte! ""'-O.L&.J

    CD (cJ. )

    SJ'ACt-f-'c e .... iY"t''j

    T&I.~A-'LtM.cI A-~.

    ~J

    IT Results

    = 1.077
    S2 =0.5711
    i1s =-0.506
    S1

    p. 244J.}:rr '&"-'40,.1"\S

    1t''iVtd ef\n~'1

    a.-..t-

    PRoBLEM (D.O I

    ~NClWIV: O.2S" (b~ 01 o~N,.v"du'04'l


    ~:

    't>e+e ..... t"'e (A) -I"'~


    , (iIVN D,qrA:

    SCHEMATIC

    h~4"

    .:0..

    TrAMIIe r-

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    I,t

    pre>t"rf ,'s (d) 'S61"t".""./~

    e e ) "d,'... IHlf,'C

    SCHeMA TIC. ~ ~ It/eN ~.t\7.q:

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    ,r: ,

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    "eliuW'

    80

    IS

    v
    A$SUMP'T,ONS:

    (2.) The..

    9AS

    (I)
    ,~

    s h .... '"

    "",o.a,l,~

    e e e .... r> ... "'~ ,.... ,

    I"" i"-4

    A""

    "de.

    ~A!,

    ,'s t"'fj"S'

    f',ur .. ) 1-\.\e o;.yt.+e....,

    (:I) TJ1f!!

    co_p ... s s ,' ..... cs ;.. ~t ....... lly

    .,'''~ .., :" I,.

    A""AL-'l'SIS:

    (A)

    :r~o.. ~e .... Mo\"'/. U~it1J +tte. "ef.AI


    't.

    Waf pdV
    ,

    S,"'tc. 'T,:T'-/Y"-/Vi= P,/f..

    J 10

    "'" RoT

    a.

    (":..!.T dv

    J '"

    ~ "" R T

    ,",s .,u",,"fJe>'" of sf ...1- ..

    I..

    'Yi..
    t'j

    ~/lt" ""t _It'~l...... &oVe\,kt. -tr_T... <olt A-'S

    !I. .. (0./10)( ~
    'PI.
    4.Il1O.3
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    I..

    ~"'.f----

    _ (~\I!l)( 11''''

    o~

    4.003

    (6) Polyi"'op\'~, h~I.3.

    The.

    prOtfS'S Is

    Tk",S,

    d .I'c.. ... bed

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    \

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    of

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    t:..p/~ = ':l.S- (.,.... b 1e. A-21) J So c.,.(".z3
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    I.

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    0/2....

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    il

    As ""k4! pro~ .. u

    (Sec.',"). Tk",s

    I\,,,,,,,"OP'C.

    Si .. ce. ~=O_I ....... c.", ...,,)'

    W"'-w-lu1..-U,),

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    I'S

    LlS=O,

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    AS

    l'c.d.....n:. .J "",'+1., Ctssu""'p""OI1


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    r e .........te.. ct},6.13

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    i

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    /"tv.,.~,"'c.. c..o"",.... n'o.., /ott ....... e'" 3pel:.,f-,.d

    \ot... ",.. II'1

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    ..... d t,.~ :l.S R

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    CIll'\,s+AOIt)

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    I

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    GIVEN DATA:

    I
    I

    "

    '5

    (.ObAr

    7i:

    <w)

    .II

    V,,,,O.S,,,,,3
    PI:'

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    T'l. ::~oC.

    'So

    a.~c...._\,"''''~''II\' f",u'e..,t"I1e

    ASSUMPIIONS: (,) As s,",O\.l>" ,'", the.


    0'; +Io\e
    IV.... wl.,~&-\ ,'$ 1N\oat/4!c/ -...l

    iO'\~tt''''.Il~

    lCi"'.f"c.

    C.>O.

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    r---.
    I

    W='

    t"even/llfe..

    A ....

    ~"cl c/uc..,..,h~'"

    'y

    Or" pot-e",f".1 e.",er,y betwee ..... +-"'e.

    e C\. ~. S~I

    Pc- ~ M.'( ~ l ~.. l fA.) W I.+~

    sys.f..t .... t::OH,,'S+S

    The. CO ..... " .... l'f'OI'l ,'oC'


    pV"... C.OIl\SftlM'i,O)Thet". is 110 c".V\'~ i ....

    ,'d .... 1 ,tHo

    e",cj

    ('t)

    a.tA+~J.

    l.lO

    p" _
    - p\ (T,,)"Ct-W\)
    T,
    ;. (1.0 bOo")((13
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    t:>\ v,
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    W\ '::.

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    r~t. \.IIodc. \~

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    l-",
    l- ~

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    Q ~lN\(I,,\,,-""'}"'W. G'v",l\Malti"l
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    :

    -l 0;)., to(

    (,) 1\.t. ...J.~..,c.~:1c (.a-~e.4,",,-rA IA#\~ sc.l~4.. (... . 0 _ Ta.ble A-~~ CA.~ t:'t. ~.7.l 0...
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    Sic." c k t"'e
    /1

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    , GIl/EN

    SC.HEMATIC

    p "oc,rz~s 0 "" p. v A",d T~.s


    /1"101.
    +"'e. lie t. wo,. k.

    d..l ...,

    r: ...." "

    s. Deh .... ""'i... f. -the ff .....p~.cl.iM. ..,.l'

    2. .....<1 is J

    J>AT4:
    2

    f'

    VI'" ,,,,,oS

    (tiers)

    '\ ':. I""'"


    lj ... '2.0c,

    T1,.

    e,

    itO 0C-

    ~~

    s-bW'

    ASSUMpTIONS: (I)

    (1.' The

    0.,',..

    \"evli!l'S',~I~.
    (+) T"

    ts

    As

    '-0

    i ..

    0.:

    _od./eel

    Pf'QCC'.f.l"-'2.
    ,'S

    ~how ..

    -+.... e
    A ..

    ,', de .. e, ...... "

    o.cco ..... I'.1Il~'",9

    -H., .... ,.,,j

    tlfe SyS+~Wl s's

    +J1e

    Q,'""

    ",'de--' 96.,s. (1) eAc,,", p"oc~r.f ie 'H-I~,... ",,!y


    10/1 ,.VI\..= C.OHft.... 1 ...... 01 pl"o(#';r 2-3,', ....d,.. b.f1C.

    ~""''''~e ....:.. k,'",en'c

    Dr ,oft,,""ol

    (/"'."'1;; bOw"", +4~ .",<:1

    SrA+t'l

    of

    p.... (.~sr.

    e'the

    AovAc...'fS'S: liD\ Us,,,,S" 'SS(.


    or."

    ~::

    (o.)(:"~)
    ~ '"

    ~)s;".&. 'f,
    T"'''~I w,t

    'frS

    ~
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    Ss'" Sa.,

    J- (Tdr.)
    "':':::
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    Ad. ......

    e,. '.2.1

    -hc A"cl ,.. h ... ", .. I/~ r e ...... " b /-e , ck,'t 'l:e"trop'(. (Set.~.4).
    ~ives

    0..

    soCT, ) ... S.Cr,) -to R \",


    1

    J- (313/'2/13) ~ n= /.2.4-( ':>/1)

    l.

    fa. :: "ct~ lq I + ~
    1\

    ,1.1./f7

    W"et'~ s0l.T,,-) ts .f.r....... To-ok A~l2. .T..-iel"'pol .....,""

    ccb

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    ~O(T~) i .. TA~(e A-ali Ta:' .242 I<

    73

    4-

    '3o. s E.~u(l\H~'" of state..

    0.'" e~e V'~ y 10 1A \0\,( C. t"ecl.,crl u",'ft... AU"'...." h' Oil\, 4


    ""~*~ d ......... -fro T .../,,'e A-7~'2..

    to

    ' I ' ..

    e.) IN%;~ =.

    pe013Lf:f-'\ <D.

    4-2-

    "" I
    ,-,.

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    J

    I<NOI.UN:

    ~/NO.

    Slc't+~" i"~

    F, G 'liEN

    ext'~~.f

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    ('yc.'~

    n~t wo,.1C.

    SC.HE~A11C.

    0 ... p-v

    0."'''

    fovver cycle.

    e.... Ct:4.rYlot

    Ot.h.r""""I1~

    4u,d T-r (.oco"t," .. hs.

    +"'-t. ""At .... 4dtd

    +ke.' ""A I t~4!I'~I'el'\('y,

    I>ATA:

    ,---.,,
    I
    I
    I

    w.te,.

    __ -

    I
    _I

    20
    v

    AS~UMP'tON ~ The. 'rys!e ....... ~.., .. w"" ; ... +Io\~ o..~c.e_P"">',"'g

    ANAL.'(~\S: S ... ec

    ~"'c."'- p..oc.~.rt

    o,~...t

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    3

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    (,.,-T.3 )(~-f.)

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    W\

    ""

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    QI2.~ f~Td.S ': W\"'I(S1-~')


    0 J"

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    ....

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    S'C~M~TIC.i (;.IVCr.J 'DATA:

    ""'* ~ ~d

    j'kAJ.ru'I"-eJ

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    A 1'1 rt'D"'1/ A&o\

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    I

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    I
    I

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    $"OO()R

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    ASS'\jkP"TIONS:
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    I'~

    c...",

    rr doe"""

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    ~~S.

    (~) T~

    I'S

    t-'- {I&

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    of

    vV\.ci.~s Go.- Co..r"'-Ot po ....... e r-

    sys+-t""""

    Mode-ted
    cycle..

    cL:.s(..Vss~d ,'", S'ec. {o.4 > for- p"-O~esS' I-Z. Qj:2.= ""'" T~ (S'1.- S I ) ' Al'\c:i
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    <J:> ...... b'MI"J ~
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    Al'-)AL't"S'l.S :(o.}!\s

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    l..{ 0 0 i3~v-

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    J.- &/R. ':. -Y. t

    (1,0

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    .
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    -fyll'-. T~ A-a. e

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    'l.-'3

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    IT Code
    p1 = 50 II Ibf/in.2
    T1 = 700 11F
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    u2 = u_PT(IWaterISteam", p2, T2)
    v2 v_PT('WaterISteam", p2, T2)

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    s1 = s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    s2 = s_PT('WaterISteam", p2, T2)

    IT Results
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    P2 = 25.01 Ibf/in.2
    S1 = 1.881 Btu/lboR
    S2 = 1.957 Btu/lboR
    U2 = 1255 Btu/lb
    V2 = 27.48 ft3/lb
    (jIm = 0.07611 Btu/lboR

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    ITCode

    V1 = 1 II m3
    x1 1
    p1 = 40 II bar
    V2 = 1 II m3
    p2 = 200 II bar
    T2 = 800 IloC

    m1 = V1 I v1
    v1 = vsaLPx('WaterISteam", p1, x1)
    m2 = V2 I v2
    v2 = v_PT('WaterISteam", p2, T2)

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    u1 = usaLPx("WaterISteam", p1, x1)
    u2 = u_PT("WaterISteam", p2, T2)
    v (V1 + V2) I (m1 + m2)

    u = u_PT('WaterISteam", p, T)
    v = v_PT("WaterISteam", p, T)
    IT Results - Alternative Solution

    sigma = m1 * (s - s1) + m2 * (s - s2)


    s1 = ssat_Px('WaterISteam",OO p1, x1)
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    h_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1)


    h_PT("WaterISteam", p2, T2)
    hsat_Px("WaterISteam", p3, x3)
    s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    s_PT('WaterISteam", p2, T2)
    ssat_Px('WaterISteam", p3, x3)
    (x 10

    E.LOTS:

    IT Results for
    h1 =
    h2 =
    h3 =
    S1 =
    S2 =
    S3 =

    Wcv

    = 2.012 X 107 Btu/h

    = 1.103 x 104 Btu/lboR

    cv

    1.6

    -::J

    iIi

    1.2

    i:i

    0.8
    0.4

    0-1---,--,-----,--..,....---.--,----.--,.----.----1
    0.9 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1

    12000

    ~---------------:J

    10000

    8000
    6000
    4000
    2000
    0-1----,--..,..---..,...-.,..------,-,---,--,---,----1
    0.9 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1

    '-(10

    = 0.99

    1563 Btu/lb
    1421 Btu/lb
    1095 Btu/lb
    1.691 Btu/lboR
    1.719 Btu/lbOR
    1.959 Btu/lboR

    2.4 -=-------------~

    s:

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    PRoBLE.M cD II 0 (Cordd.)
    mdot = 1 I/lb/s
    T1 = 700 11F
    p1 = 550 Illbf/in. 2
    p2 14.7
    x2 = 0.8906

    Wdot = mdot * (h1 - h2)


    sigmadot mdot * (s2 - s1)

    h1 = h_PT(IWaterISteam", p1, T1)


    s1 = s_PT('Water/Steam", p1, T1)
    h2 hsat_Px(IWaterISteam", p2, x2)
    s2 = ssat_Px('WaterISteam", p2, x2)

    IT Results for X2
    h1
    h2

    =1353 Btu/lb
    = 1150 Btu/lb

    S1 =
    S2

    =1

    1.599 Btu/lboR

    =1.756 Btu/lboR

    = 203.2 Btu/s

    0cv

    =0.1579 Btu/soR

    cv

    IT Results for X2 = 0.8906


    h 1 = 1353 Btu/lb
    h2 = 1044 Btu/lb
    S1 = 1.599 Btu/lboR
    S2 = 1.598 Btu/lboR

    Wcv

    =309.3 Btu/s

    cT

    =0

    cv

    ',f 11 '*

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    690 --I-~-.,..----,--.--~---r---r-'--r-T--,----r-..,.-,----r-l
    10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
    P2 (lbf/in.2)

    ~---------------,

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    0

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    0-1-~--'----'--'--""""'-'--'--'--r-T-"'-"""'-"""""'r-T-I

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    P2 (lbf/in.

    70
    2

    ~,tO. ~ O.OI&"8~ ~V
    I'"

    705 ~---------------,

    0.02

    t)

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    100

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    ( 'S')
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    ~Q..t 'tI,(T",)-= u..l1'''')-t-RT~ ) SO


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    (ASSUW\\'J~tI\'\5"): t.I.(T)-V.('.... ):. c l:i-7....J ) R,-::. erev ) +""-'S
    j,'IM'J
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    -rk ...+t.O, t"-c.

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    of

    (I)

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    n:.lo.flol'\,s

    l.N,.+t-.. .... +"-..A.. +co..... ~ is o: CD .... r~ .. T i"'c1~,Hlo\~~ .. t

    4;'"

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    p=

    (0100.",

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    \ r -=

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    1= 1~1 (S"oo~)::
    ,

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    K.

    "i

    r) 1::.'

    ""Sic::.

    PflO&;6M ". I 2 ~

    ( CQVt-f'd.)

    To ,elAemle ~ ,fOr' -#1Afl r~l.(.,v<d flolsJ we use.

    J~

    as follows:

    IT Code
    pJ=10 II bar
    Ti = 500 II K
    V = 10 II m3
    cp = cp_T("Air", Ti)
    cv = cv_T("Air", Ti)
    k = cp I cv
    T = k * Ti

    IT Results for p = 10 bar (r = 1)

    r = pI p_i
    r 1

    c p = 1.029 kJ/kgK
    k = 1.387
    v = 0.199 m3 /kg
    m = 50.26 kg
    T = 693.3 K
    cr cv = 16.91 kJ/kgK

    v = v_TP("Air",T,p)
    m = V Iv
    sigma_cv = m * (cp * In(T I Ti) - R * In(p I p_i))
    R = 8.314 I 28.97

    1000

    50

    800

    40

    600

    30
    OJ
    .>t:.

    ~
    f-

    400

    20
    10

    200
    0

    10

    10

    p (bar)

    P (bar)

    20

    o bsevve :

    .. The fe..'N.('erqJure. ciA ~ ftA.,Jk ',{ ~


    15

    The. \N\~S llAc.atl-se& clc,;"~cf4t


    ttw-k. rY("'~l,lfe .

    10

    .......

    >
    0

    ~V"-e. \!

    Y\i\Ore e~~~ tfO~~


    ets ~ ~('e~~\A"C2 I ",c.r~ses J tt&

    e~fecl-e~.
    5

    6
    P (bar)

    10

    W'l+1A

    PR.t>BLE~

    1s>.130
    4

    j<I\JOWN:

    IJ',.'h",'I,

    +-0>.1"\1<.

    'D~.j.~

    r-= tI...JD:
    '5C1*t..M /,.-ti

    -'k

    ........... "Vl e+t...~

    c ~ ~'11 E (\.J

    11=

    1-\ :

    ]) f\ T

    d~
    ': -

    I Y= lS'O "t
    '
    I T::. lOOp:I

    f,lIeci t.u/1"'" a';'" /s evc<("u,"- f~ ci kJ,::; pUi,v'P,''''3


    ~ ..,,<...,v .."" -ftteoVe.f,'L&<.( work' ('~"t;"I/-~d.,

    --

    Wh

    - ---,'I-----@

    f'~: I .. t ....

    '-l-'

    ;-----

    10.+.....

    'Te=-10 "F

    -,

    =--:=-::=-:=--==--==-==1
    f\S~uMD'TtON~:

    ThO'

    I'~

    s~

    .f,'S\A.rc cz) H-(o..1iY-a",de r:


    ~1~",-tkQ.
    <;;:UVol'OLl"'~V\'j.r W1.A,,,,,k,"1j' th~tew..p~rC<.tv../'e of th.e cur /'VI.+tt.e +-..<:
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    c~ec.(..s co.'" b-e l,,_e>re.c{. (1) Re. a.ic- t s ~C)d..e.l<..ol ().~ (A,I'\ lo\.e.ct.l ~o..S.
    (I)

    ANALYSIS:

    ""'"""$"

    dtr/dt

    cQ

    =.

    c"Vlfvcl

    vctVlN'e

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    :=

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    .... ,.I'I'c:,.ck~f I t."".luc.... _ +"'-e h'",..1 P... ~lHI ...C. A.. d
    tkc. wo.. k.

    kNOWIII:

    ,\'l.n...

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    fl'to

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    T~:' SfDQl<

    DATA:

    'IVE N

    :--_ ... -.

    'Z.I~

    : <0
    '
    I'Ll

    It

    7,

    s
    A~UMP"'O':"S:
    ""'o~elllcl ... ,

    As

    (I)

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    ''''

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    ""'t

    f,""'i"fl

    Iy sh

    ;s "'he COt. ,_s. (1) COl.

    ,d~ \ "CIIt. h) ''''ere ...... 90 10\0 sl, F,c..... i


    el\,l"C)Y .f~c.+S.+ Tka r>- ...~.,s 's '$,.,,1"'1'y\"(' J AO'\.cI -t~ CSl.='O.
    ......

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    'N-: -V\ tlA:''S,-Ci.,)


    SCo.' ., ua+"o", f 1+."+..

    (I)

    p~

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    ~,

    =>

    l...

    !!:.
    p,

    1"1'1.)_
    II

    A-U.,w.,t.." 't4

    ........u. iv.... ' ...., .. ee f r _ T ...IoI>

    ~l1i) e

    2.3'.'61- 'Z.l.S.'Uf'
    t114

    -fv.o.... .,...... s.......t:

    VA''''-'t

    'W - -'''.01.
    Y. 10" ........ , )( 'S7'" - lo;04'-).!l
    ~
    ,
    ~~,
    (c)

    ~o_ T.. blt: A.1P ..t. "'So K \

    E,. ".45'.

    i........,

    p~:!!:)
    (

    P,

    Us,'", E 1.3.47"

    "",.,
    'II!')

    T,

    _.1 ..,. 11' ....., I

    0 .....

    W =-

    k:

    ~(T'l.'T;):'
    IC-I

    J:\

    CD

    ('I\.)"c-/
    &

    1.

    P.. : 11$60
    P, '"400
    t\.(l)

    '.1.3K
    )

    .:a33

    O.'&.J!

    ~:. (~

    (b) IT Results

    n = 0.0009021 kmol
    V1 = 110.9 m3/kmol
    P2 = 1.766 bar
    W=-5.144kJ

    IT Code
    V1 = 0.1
    p1 = 0.3
    T1 = 400
    T2 = 560

    '0....",

    '1.,.(1)

    b.,.

    ,iwr

    .....

    =._~.,4(,~:r

    II m3
    /I bar
    II K
    II K

    ~ Pz :'

    I.le

    blV"

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    -(Ci.0u. lo 4 t: ...o ,X.f.J /f

    ..t>

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    ',333. lite. IU~ss"r~, hd it: ....p f t '...io.'~s

    (ell k fro- TAble. A-'20 ~ 3oe>l<: Jo. I.loSS. T.....,.,

    tr..

    ~/U'."k) (~"O-40o)"~-S:ISIC.J

    pArt

    '.'l.I4I. z 8t

    (11)\

    > Pz.:' t. ~ S I

    ....

    ..
    ----

    bAr-

    __- - - - -

    W = - n * (u2 - u1)
    u1 = u_T("C02", T1) II kJ/kmol
    u2= u_T("C02", T2)
    v1 = V_TP("C02",T1,p1) II m3/kmol
    n V11 v1

    s2 = s1
    s1 = s_TPC'C02", T1, p1)
    s2 = s_TPC'C02", T2, p2)

    ~:

    A~,.

    e~p .. ",ch

    j,,\e.+

    t+..-+~

    LotCI",

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    t-z.) II:..'",.~~ ClloM poi.... +i a ' '''.'''j)' C "-a"teJ +1'0_ j",let +0 ht,'4 C",,,, lit. ",.".c....I. U) ,ti,',.

    \.

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    Wc..,: (11.,.07-

    '713.17)

    ""

    'T1II.e. ... c u

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    -.J

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    (G)

    """0.... Ta"'eA-'2.0tl\'t' qOO~:

    Wc.,
    ...

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    rate..

    I.03~ 10..,..

    (m.):

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    E,. (I)

    --.---------

    be_....."

    ~ (i,-Tt.)
    I(-l

    : (1-'5.... \( t .WV~"47) (It'IIt,.k )~\\Oo '70~) J< ': ~48.S

    t<.'J/r:J ~~~ __

    Ol~

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    ....

    CD

    We-v _
    -.
    ~

    ~('T.-T'l.)

    = (. 4)lt.'1I.. tU.1'1)l\lo>-70 0 )

    (.b) IT Results
    h1 = 1161 kJ/kg
    h2 = 713 kJ/kg
    Wcv = 447.6 kJ/kg
    p2 = 1.034 bar

    ':.

    4ol.i

    IT Code
    p1 = 6 II bar
    T1 = 1100 II K
    T2 = 700 II K

    3 --.-----

    IC.j/ rc

    0.'1

    t>-\

    Wdot_cv = mdot * (h1 - h2)


    mdot = 1
    h1 h_T("Air", T1)
    h2 = h_T("Air", T2)

    52 = 51
    51 = 5_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    52 = 5_TP("Air", T2, p2)

    fRO~t~ ". \33

    "~OVJ"": M.e.-H,.,",e. ~,."s 1A~~oes ().\A LsEW'-~~lC. ~P(A.~SlO'\o\. from ~ ~IV~ ;~il-IA.(
    sWe to a. f.t,1A~ 'fo..fe e;..-/- 1j P:
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    eteAA~\M""e ("') p w~ T= 5001< ~ (10) T w~ ? = 1 \owr. Ckeek. \Lsi,! IT
    SC l:H~JMM1,

    Wt:> "l V~

    'P.:

    'J)A-'\(r:

    5 l>Nr

    T, : 1000 )c:.

    T~~ ~e.+~~IU. Ci.CM be


    Mo~tfe.&-t a..s etCA ideo1.,Q.s. (2.) T; ~ Tz. ave

    ASSUMPTION>:

    (I)

    fke r,,~<z .fw wlA.tc1., ~


    TcJ,le A- ~'2.. ~V'e Ofpl,(.aMe..

    I"",

    ANM,\{SIS:

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    7

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    ' JA..s~ et &,,~


    I

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    A.

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    0(

    QM

    (Go) ..M-J.. ~ 10): rl(

    r rs fi \

    V.tM.,

    T\.e.

    t-rOfY\

    i:l

    see~ 5'~i:.e.

    1A.1o~ A'~l: ~ ... R (0( +-\lT~ ~\'+ ~i]""ET"]

    [~+~+<YT+;Ta.+ -'T~l&.T

    T,

    OV"

    .ftrr 4b.:o

    w~~re #e i&o\+~V",(:kQ-.\ l~ ~efvJee.~ ~te I CT,;,?,) ~

    e..)cpr.et;seJ.

    (~,) ... ~<'T-T,)

    +-

    ~ (T&"T,?)

    + f(TJ-T,J) + :

    <'''''~''T,'')

    (,)

    C~ ..be ~ ol"ed. ..fov- r ~~"'\ ~~ ~ \~.(/jVo.. t>< +ov 'T w~


    tollow \\t\.j \.T c..o kill ~+-roJes ~~) V.SI ~ ~ ~ ~

    (I)

    Coe.~c..\ev.ls olJ$Jr_~r ~OM TCJble A. -2.1'.

    p1 5 II bar
    T1 = 1000 II K
    In (p I p1) = alpha*ln(TIT1) + beta*(T-T1) + (gamma/2)*(TA2-T1A2) +
    (delta/3)*(T A3-T1A3) + (epsilon/4)*(TA4-T1 A4)
    alpha = 3.826
    beta = -3.979E-03
    gamma = 24.558E-06
    delta =-22.733E-09
    epsilon = 6.962E-12

    R~SL((4-s ~ (~)

    T = 500 '"
    II P =0.03825

    h"r(bl T

    C. b) p = 1 loo.K'
    II T = 821.1 K

    (C) 70

    ~e.se V"~Su.L+s I w~ ~.1e..


    tollo w s ',
    s = s1

    cl-teck

    H.. I "-s

    +lA..t

    5':. S _ Tr (" Cl44"J T

    p)

    t-u,nck'01'S'

    s1 = S_TP("CH4", T1, p1)


    s = s_TP("CH4", T, p)
    R~su H..s :

    (c.)

    (c) T 500 K; P 0.03818 bar


    p = 1 bar; T =821.2 K

    l. No~

    f'kcd- +t...e rQ~u(+S t.\s i 6\.j f1,.e. 1"Cfe,rVlA.f t-.nc~~ of


    -froW\ To~le A-4\ c.8r~ \tA..l.te well \lA '''~''''l~ c.fA.S,e.
    ' ... (3 i

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    'P1201Sl-EM ','34
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    (II)

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    /oc..'1t, iii..
    frv- S~/~cf<C(V"~I' k.,"Vi J AA.a 7j

    f}e"t1op -."

    (0.)

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    IlCS''''ISa.J [\ _ (0,\),"'/1-'1-1::

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    --8-k=1.2
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    IT Results
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    P..... P,
    = 14- b~I"S )(1..37"1') = q. nc..
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    l"~ I
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    1>

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    I

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    = 3~"'b, 'h +
    D

    (S''LO.'if-lS'V,4ti)
    O.tL

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    t:J

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    T~};lf\4~r-o(A+-V\j ...,;. 7~ A-l..7..
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    \J.I;-f1.......

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    sO(7.) - 'I.. J.-. ft./R)

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    1-

    O. Db q 1 ~ -=. O.e;,bttt ~ Vv

    ~---

    IT Results

    ITCode
    h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1) I eta
    h2s = h_T("Air", T2s)
    s2s = s_TP("Air", T2s, p2)
    s2s = s1

    p1 = 1 II bar
    T1 = 350 11K
    mdot = 1 II kg/s
    p2 = 4 II bar
    eta = 0.82
    Wdotcv = mdot * (h1 - h2)
    sigmadot = mdot * (s2 - s1)

    11 = 0.82
    T z= 553.5 K
    r., = 517.4 K
    h 1 = 350.3 kJ/kg
    hz = 558.3 kJ/kg
    h zs = 520.9 kJ/kg

    h2 = h_T("Air", T2)
    s2 = s_TP( l A i r " , T2, p2)

    cv

    0cv

    h1 = h_T( l A i r " , T1)


    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)

    Q)

    -tc .

    :: {f ': ~ (t..32.'17~ [.ar? ~;.':7 t..... -+ X:'~0


    ':

    (b)

    2. ~2.71C.'J/t:,

    83s.(I),('2)

    W~":-~ (~, - ~'L) -;:~~)(1~.tq_~!'8,4~)(.\:'J%I=

    ~V -:. ...:. (1''2. _ <:, ) ~ ~ (

    s:~CTd=

    =-208kW

    +-

    =0.06993 kW/K ~

    (c.)

    V\.c.. ~ ~~~ - ""-\ ~


    ~h.-

    hi

    AC'eol""cL.. ...,~,

    Wc.,,-;.~

    ~~~.

    (L-t I- L, 1. )

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    ~ ~cp

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    ;;:

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    I.

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    ....
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    +:::.

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    f"W'''t

    o..~d 1i'-e~

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    PROlOtaL-\ b. \ 'S '1


    ~~ot.u~: A.. c.o~r't'es~01' \9pe-V-el-k."'~ c:lI.+ .s+e~ s~~ +tAkes \"\ a.f1\,w~p\.'\eV'ic"Vr~t "'- k\A.Owv\ ~~s 401/.) rtd.(. tMl\.d tLr~~es Ct~Y" A.t Gl ~\V(\A r\'~~$\A.re.

    E\Nl)' P\o\- -t~t2 ~owev {e~'-t.,,'.,teJ ~ ~ c.olMpV'e~so(' el{~+ ~QV'&.\.~re Je~


    \Jev~(}.s c..oMt"V'C"'~O(" l.~\v-~~c eft.1c,t eMGJ 'f~\IA.~ f.<-O'M 10% -\-0 \OO~%~.
    ~('.","'::MA'flC.

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    ~~

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    -"--T1-

    S
    M~UMPrtON$ :(1) 1ke. c.o~t-rol "o\~W\4t i5kow~ IS ~t 5t~~ stede... <.'Zo) for ~
    c.()'Y\~ol VOUAVWl) Q co(:,o. (~J.~I",eJ-ic. ~ f~~ e~~t1":Jc~es ~ ,~'et
    e'V:<.+ CM \oe lj 'A01~. C"t) 5,,,,,.. -t\t.e \V\'~""'5 l?-V't" l-S (i\-t-MOSrkUlc. ,\A)(2

    to

    r, ': , Ie; V"

    a,sSU,M t

    -r;: 20 0c. .

    ANA:l'lsl S: The. Wl~S ~ ~V\~~ q role ~~blt\c~ r~ce


    powe'f' 'fe1>v..vYeJ. -:.

    40 ~;.;e,

    -(we. v') : \'V\ (~).. - ~, )

    ( J)

    t~ e\\~l"'1 ~\ c.QM ~ 4-ekYMl~\eJ. ~\""ce. :t>' ~ T,Me.I'-\A.OwV\ -w-e>lIlI\ "~S\A.\lo\f-M~.


    T\\e. e",,~~ ""~ is ~ tA..\l"'5 c.~'(~s(J'r"eff1dw~ kc'~' {.oL\ows :
    h - h + lh ~ ~ - h \)
    -a. -

    w~

    "'..~

    ( 2.)

    e,

    GeY(~~O~ +0

    o.M.

    ~e\A.\-ro,,~ 'O~'t'~~s lCN\

    CQ.ICMlAc+lm
    A '5C\~\-e c(,(.le.u.lcl~ wi L\ ~(. p~v'ton\Ae.e-( USI VS kt~

    fTC1'M sWe. 1 +0

    'f~ .

    .5 tl""'plt

    h-O"M Table A-z2..

    -H.u. -\-cAb\.e..; "'\ -:. ,-'t3.2. 1~/f'j ~ Pr\ :'1.2.1.52.. T~~V\) ft~ ~. b."13
    rrc''Tz,s) = \''2.'IPS2.( ~):~.~e2(~
    'l'I.A+e,,"ro\lll\,-\'\ ~tj ,\.\ I"~ A-).. L. j "'~ ~ .. 4104. B k-J"I ~ . A-ccoytktl\~~, fov- YL-:. D.I
    'ft-OWt

    ~ -;:"z}r~.2.+

    (4(,4 .. e-'-'i3.2)

    0.1

    f O~~Y" \ ::
    ((~\.U.V'-e.A.J

    II

    \.

    '~

    ~)(53B.~- 2-4.'),2) ~
    ~

    Tke Sof{.wMe ir i.s

    as -'OlloLUs:

    -:.53B,~ ~3/~/1

    useJ. fo

    8tHeYetle..

    lLeW
    l k:Sls

    :.

    ;2

    is .t

    '-\.,
    /CoVV

    dA.-k ft>r-+{....a.. ('~u..t('eJ (fiofs)

    IT Code
    T1 = 20 11C
    p1 = 1 II bar
    mdot = 1 II kg/s
    p2 = 5 II bar
    eta = 70 II %

    IT Results for n = 70%


    h 1 = 293.2 kJ/kg
    hzs = 464.9 kJ/kg
    hz = 538.6 kJ/kg
    r, =261.4C
    T = 1~9.6 C

    Wdotcv = mdot * (h1 - h2)


    power = - Wdotcv

    - tWcvJ = 245.4 kW
    h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1)*100 I eta
    h1 = h_T(ffAirff, T1)
    s1 = s_Tp(ffAirlf, T1, p1)
    h2s = h_T(lfAir", T2s)
    s2s = s_TP(lfAirff, T2s, p2)
    s2s = s1
    h2 = h_T(lfAir", T2)

    250 - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    200

    150

    "C

    ~
    ::l
    0-

    100

    ....

    OJ

    3:
    0
    a.

    50
    0
    70

    75

    80

    85

    90

    95

    100

    11 (%)

    280
    270
    260
    250
    240
    00
    N

    f-

    220

    ~ '.

    A-s ~(,. "'~'(~$e.~.1 ~


    r~uMted.. ~Ov.)W \"'G'leA.ses

    210

    Ct.$

    230

    Gloes 1'W2. ~~t ~~eY'tt\u.C!,


    li\u' i.e e'lC~ect~,

    200
    190
    180
    70

    75

    80

    85
    11 (%)

    90

    95

    100

    PRoBI-EM 415"8
    I<NoWN: Op .....

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    Dll\ ......... Q.

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    d4i

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    t.

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    O~+

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    , ... +,

    b"T~\

    h
    t:~ 1000 tW/,'lI l
    1j ~ 'loo of

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    rio: 'eo I laiN..t


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    ctOOI.. U,.. ....d "'l: 144~.1 ..../", (Wo_ T.. ltlll

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    3 :, f .... ti 10, 1t,"'1:L'l4.98+-/1... 2.oo/fl(/t.. Z. T"h"fol."'~'J $1= 1.,,'03 8+"'/'boR.

    S+"o\t~i~
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    EXERGY
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    'Th.1A\

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    =

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    TkA spec. he.. ~e"'5Y

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    '0

    Eml>'. (~) ~~evrH;"'<' ~fecU/C. exeV'8!j e a..f 'f = //,+ltM.2..J r= 2.00F .lbJ Plot e Vers(..lS
    ,
    pressu.re. ...f1,r 7= BODF. (C) 'fIef -e veat.t.S I ~r f::: 1$ {hfh"".C. ,
    I
    I
    Msut1ApnoA}~ (I) lite co~ ,"".s a. c.Losul .s,,~ o..t rat
    ~U'2I
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    :
    l""flt ~.:z. I
    ev..VI.VOf\ 1\AAt cet 7o:::. 8 o " F,J ('>0 ~ is ("'-fit",,2- C~) r1.c."
    I
    ~ooF
    I
    eD~ is M"dele4 a.o ct.1A i deed 3Ct.'.
    :
    I
    ANM..'{S'$: EtlA4.+('~ 7.&1 reduces. -fo ~ tV~
    ef)
    <2 ~lt.l-t.(o)+ Po (V-Yo) ..... 1'"0 (S-$o)

    "0

    --

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    =-

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    - ~ ~ ~Po

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    A{[ ii~)- QCt\] LV- (ai~ 1+?o

    To

    [~O(7)- SOC-To) - R.~f] ~

    ~ {[U:('T)-UnO))T1lTI~- ;]-h>[SO(T)-.sC7CJ)-~.9M*1 S

    US\lA3 ~

    -ft-O'M

    lQ~le "'-2.3 e

    ~(\)-U.(To): 38S4.1o-2.~8~.4::. 810.2

    e\-w'lbIMo(

    I:M~'O~)(~(,06fl.) L~; - ~1~] ~ - 853.CJ8 ~kA/lb~1


    To l 5(.1) - S(.To) - R.JM ~P.] =- (5402) t52.13i- 51.082 - c., fi 86') ~ ~ J 2lkl
    110",0" oR.

    ;iT [

    f; - ]

    = (1.'8'

    fiV\G<.lk
    'H. OI~
    tf.:

    (S

    :: -CJ'2.L4; f>kA/lb~o'
    )

    {(870.2 - 853.'8'1" 12.1....

    "1)}

    1:::1 ";1I::>1

    '\'Yt40l

    (b) (c) ~ ~~owl~1 IT uuJ.e. 1.s lUut ~ ~e-v~,~

    %(I)

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    o.~e. AMc:{

    1(A.4

    ~ ~~1U.WeJ r/;ots.
    L"~~ ~~ok~"" IT .f6.r

    +or

    ITCode
    T = 200 II OF
    P = 90 Illbf/in. 2
    To 80 II OF
    po = 15 Illbf/in. 2

    e = (u - uo) + (po * (144 I 778 * (v - vo) - (To + 460) * (s - so)


    u = u_T("C02", T)
    uo = u_T("C02", To)
    v = v_TP("C02",T,p)
    vo = v_TP("C02",To,po)
    s s_TP("C02", T, p)
    so = s_TP("C02", To, po)

    IT Result for p = 90 Ibf/in?, T = 200 OF


    e = 21.32 Btu/lb

    7-'"

    8~"",.

    PIlOf>LE~ 1.ftJ (U>III+ 'd.)


    PLOTS :

    25 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    (b) T 80F
    To = 80F
    p, = 15 Ibf/in.2

    20

    15 10 -

    5
    O-trrrmm"TTrTTmm"TTrTTmm"TTrTTmmTrTTTTTTTT"rTTTTTTTTTT"rTTTTT~

    15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
    P (lbf/in 2 )

    2.5 - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    2 _

    (c) p = 15Ibf/in. 2
    To = 80F
    po = 15Ibf/in. 2

    1.5

    0.5
    0+--;=:::::..,----,----r-,--.,-.,...-.,...........,.....----,----r--1
    80
    100
    120
    140
    160
    180
    200
    T (OF)

    I.

    Tke.

    IT r.e{l.t(.tc..o~r(U't's "e,y~ h.vOr((~/'j

    \V. fa.r-t (Co\) .

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    v~"'rUI

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    'J

    soo

    2-.-----------------,

    1.5

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    0.5
    0-l---....-r::::::::.....-----,--.,--..,....--,----,-..,...---r---1
    600
    580
    560
    540
    520
    500
    T (OR)

    in ~J~
    5'00

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    Pt<Of!X'1 1.6
    ItNOI.l2N~ J."'Sse.I(CM+Clll~ ~ ~ttown tllMoCA.u;fofalir ~tpr~~u.('e.f) ~ 200F'.

    Pltvp: plot t-lA~ speci~tc.. exe.V'f~ ve-VSl.lS f Y"tlY\.{I~ froYh 0.5 1-0 2.d.~.
    5C~GM&rfG

    I g\VEAJ DAr4:

    AsSUMPrtOkJS: (I) TIMl (til'" ~ fA. clc>t.e.d sy~~)


    re&+ ().,(\& "U-IfO e(e vtt.+tOlf\ V'e.l ~4-\iVL -10
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    a+

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    ((\('

    ____II

    I
    I

    +0

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    f:,=

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    (8::.(U-l.{o)

    C()

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    ~i..s J (-'4 = "'C.T) - UCT. S-5o
    ,sc,) -SOCTo) - e ~ 'PIPe' w~fii fM ldeP-I,te.s

    ~ ~f

    s.Ja.-Ie
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    u.s;., k-/-e( .frC>M 7o.ltie -4 -22E. J -Hrr fft..s<. c~ T=-2.0D"e>'5 r = O'SQ.~
    uCr) -U(70) :. 112..<- 7 - BfJ.{p 2. -:=. ~4.0 5 9kJ./lh
    ~R(::r. P

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    po

    10 CSOCT) - SOCTo) -

    ).8.t:t7

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    lb'~

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    f< ~ ~R. ] ='520~") rCO.b4f02.-0


    ~

    I'

    S20-te )

    I Atw\

    =5484~ ~kl/tb

    ~ (q) 7 8HA.
    .:5Cj/72''/ _ (.,.C;eb)
    ;'8.ct7
    !J tk OR.
    I

    :. Sf. 50S tbkt lib


    FlV1 Q.(~

    <e:

    ~4'I()Sr .5t.8Jf3 -54.505 =..74.38~ 8~/11o

    USI~j IT 40 9.eMeV'(l+e +1u.d4~ f"f-tweJ J & t,,~~S ~ fo~ ~ ~.l')


    0(00" e. CJIII..J- i /A-+eNYltl.{ {T ~~..s .f.&v-- U J ~ ~ S.J as .ft> tlf'JWS:
    ITCode

    T = 100 II of
    P = 0.5 II atm
    To = 60 11F
    po = 1 II atm

    e = (u - uo) + po * (v - Yo) * (14.696*144/778) - (To + 460) * (s - so)

    =u_T("Air", T)
    =u_T("Air", To)
    v_TP("Air",T,p)
    =v_TP("Air",To,po)

    u
    uo
    v=
    vo
    s=
    so

    25 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    20

    s_TP("Air", T, p)
    s_TP("Air", To, po)

    IT Result for p = 0.5 atm, T = 200F

    15

    Q)

    10

    CD e = 24.37 Btu/lb
    I. [he rr yesult iJ I~ close (;.1fee.~(W.f
    'Oifk ~ sa.~'Jle uJee.",{C<f:?JN.. bA!'eJ eHv
    Tohfe ),-2.1. r) a.s e"-(>flcfeJ.

    O-!-,---,----,----,---,-,--.,....--;----,----,---,-,--,---,--I

    1.5

    0.5

    p (atm)

    I<No .....t.J:

    S+.......

    ,'S

    'Sp~c.,;'ed

    tot" .eG.cc..,.of

    +kl"e'~ rv.Lo.s+-Io1C~S,

    F I N't) "
    D-e ....... 1'\Aot\.t ~ -4 "" S/'tf'c. ~'c. ~ ~ ,., '/
    A $f'lIf'1i'lP7tI1N s: " :I 'S k.ere' +~ e j4.c. k CJ-t """'-00'0,,",
    A~A"'''T''SIS:

    (0.)

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    ... 0."

    loAf",

    -I

    ...

    ,"""'If

    '2.

    70:

    "'Co,

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    tAo:
    vo:-

    lJ41

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    1 v ...' " 1M r.4:I

    k:J!r;,

    we:CS'

    s': ", "]09':1-

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    = 2.32.~" t::l/t:"

    Vo ::'

    o. '2S''iq.l "",,at ~

    So~

    I 103S' ~/~5 l~

    ~o: ,-3/,~1 Ic:)I~,


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    = D.LIS57

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    e:. (((-u o )

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    t'o(v-vo)-To{S'-~o)

    -'l.'3,.I,H]

    ~ lo'S'lo.~lIIf~2-0.'2.lr81JI ;;al-

    :: (-(".'1-",)+ (l3.4-I) - (3."3):: 3.04- 1e000Il=.,j

    7-10

    1~J.'.3'-1

    v=- '2.UBf

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    f/tb.~

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    I

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    o
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    +0 -I1te re~e.. eV1v,ro..,~'t 4" 7O=2OOC)

    A?SUMPTIO.oS: (I)

    at ("est aM4 ~eyt) elQv~ reA.a:fWe


    o t a.fm,

    AtJ~'(5IS " ~k.a.~

    7.'

    l{-eJ,uces

    -/0

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    U.SI ~j Uo

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    CAo

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    It

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    7-32.

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    IIl Ol = 0.8 Ib

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    k =1.2

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    8

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    o

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    p/po = 4

    5
    f-e.
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    ~
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    """ "I

    7
    6
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    k=1.4

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    4
    P/Po=2~ -, b%; /
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    de.r~t'\ ~CA. 'b (eflc'(J70 ) 0.., (p/P b ) . Tt.-a A.loc.lIM. plot

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    f-~SUMPTIONS: (I) The <'Ol\1Y.1 vol ..... e


    s+eClody

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    A+ Bh ..cI~ s-4-"I.h.. ~"'c..

    ANAL'OIS:

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    he-,f-tyAk1fer o""t~ Cl\.t- +t....... per"-h...rt.lO.

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    ASSVMPiIOt.JS: I The ('o>'\tru\ Volu"'-\('


    S~W~ ill'\
    te J ClI'\c1 hEO,. ... -tr"... t~r OCCU~1 0"''1 0.1' lb-= 70.

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    P, = 30 bar

    L....--------~.s

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    .

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    (I)

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    I

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    k

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    (~~V'.e&!\ce. ekVt;"Uy\V)\w,-t) To =70D~ (0 = 14. i tl.fl,~.Z.

    ASSuMPTiDNS: (I) The. COIot-rri>/ voll.LV\14a

    ANA-lYSIS: ~ I

    s.f.ctk 2 ~ we.

    USe

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    =. 3~. ~4

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    (!,) Tltte ~ 40 CoOlUtruc.f fhe. ~~~ pL0 fs


    f,(;{ows:

    7-Si

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    PROBtc14 1.52. CCCYt+(,(. )


    IT Code

    p1 = 1000 IlIbf/in. 2
    T1 600 11F
    p2 500 II Ibf/in. 2
    To = 530 II OR

    IT Results for D2 = 500 Ibf/in.2

    h1 = h_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1)


    h2 = h_PT("WaterISteam", p2, T2)
    h1 h2
    s1 = s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    s2 s_PT('WaterISteam", p2, T2)

    =1249 Btu/lb
    = 1.445 Btu/lboR
    S2 = 1.51 Btu/lboR

    h1

    S1

    Ed I m

    =523.8 of

    T2

    Ed = - To * (s1 - s2)

    =34.43 Btu/lb

    1'075:
    620
    600

    i:L

    580

    '"

    f-

    560
    540
    1)

    520

    -+--,..--..,..-,---,----,..----,--,---,----,----1

    500

    600

    700

    800

    900

    1000

    P2 (lbf/in.2)

    ise..s S lOS'\.

    A~

    seevt C\A ~ a.c.c.c~"K.~;.,


    T-s di~m.W1, t~ e)'it ~M~_

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    35

    p~ deG~~

    f1tA.

    "0

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    5

    a
    500

    600

    700

    800

    900

    1000

    P2 (Inf/in. 2 )

    7-51

    Ffl 06U*\ 1. 53
    1fN2u:>N ~ ~ \1{"

    ok e: B\vev\ S~ ewHws Q ta-lve ~rt:l+t~1 a;t ~ ~ w',-t!A ~ /cV\OWh


    volu,V'Y'etvK:- fl.ow ~e. ~e ~~ \A,lMl.eY~~ Gl. 1'Wro-tf 1~ Precess +0 exi-t p"(,~SI..(.Ye. p~.
    FIN'D: (d) "De-\e,l"Y\I\llAe -t'~e. -r-o.;\e. o~ ~lj ~u.d~ fo-r "t~ = IS llo~ It~~ Ch) Pfcst
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    To ':. 530o~

    t\'\'lI\

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    ANA-WS/ii 5ft,.te

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    RT\

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    (200 1\,f/M~)( 100 #~J\\I\\"\)


    15"4' S'

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    .u. I bf ) (8oo4>.e)
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    144

    '

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    T5)

    {p 1. 5

    'k>[ MLlA

    IT Code
    p1 = 200 Illbf/in. 2
    T1 = 800 II oR
    p2 15 Illbf/in. 2
    AV1 100 II ft3/min
    To 530 II oR

    =
    =
    =
    T2 =T1

    v1 = v_TP("Air",T1,p1)
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    s2 = s_TP("Air", T2, p2)

    mdot AV1 I v1
    Edot = - mdot * To * (s1 - s2)

    IT Results for 02 = 15 Ibf/in.2


    V1 = 1.481 ft3/lb
    S1 = 0.5167 Btu/lboR
    S2 = 0.6941 Btu/lboR
    til 67.5 Ib/min
    Ed = 6347 Btu/min

    7000
    6000
    5000
    ~

    c
    'E 4000

    --:J

    co

    3000

    "0

    w 2000
    1000

    o 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200


    P2 (Ibf/in. 2 )

    F~oY\-l +ke 'PLoT) W~ see fk.~ +~e.. Yo.:\<L o.\- exe~'1 tt(tyl.lC~ iV\c.reoses .
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    Sk-l y - S+a. k cJpe.('t?++i"j ~:+~ ~t'4~ pt"oll,.cl.ed for D.... S Tf!A "'" f'urlo i.., (>
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    PINT.?: Plot -flu. e~",~.Jes-\Y(.A.~ ('ec.;{l2. pe'(" U-1Ai..t ot S+~(A.\M. t-Lol-Ol"J versus
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    f1t.e s~e is -P0<.~. To ~ sWe '2.) we. use ~ ~~V\.tr~,,\c. fux'b/lA.e. e.qicie~tej

    V\ -\.1,

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    I.

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    S I -= I.S8t~

    h~
    t

    h '4

    a~/lb

    130(0.<.:.

    5 8~ '2. - D ,I ~ 27 : D. '18tj 3
    J'

    84.5 3

    ~'h. ~ x,1.S ~~'l.~ (PQ.,4 + (.75"3) (103E>.O)::. B81.+5 BkA-/lb

    fV OVV\ ( 't. ")

    hl.":: h,- V\~(~,- ~1.s)

    ~ l30~.(,.- (.l)(I~Ob.b- 887.45)

    = 10/'3.2. ~/11

    h~-OI.1 ~i-k...12-~1 (~(I~.t.j X :: ~7.-"'-t~ ~0'1/01 ~ s~=$r+)c


    ~

    '2.

    lks
    Ed.{ y\,.. =

    ~.

    f) 'a..

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    = llll> ~

    tO~/l b -4

    71.

    ~~R

    :IBI~2~
    ''2.'
    Ib-~

    Sf

    PflO e>c,EI.!\ 1.

    5" (Cd\t\+'c,(.)

    The d.CL~ -to ~rn'\ . d" fl.1e. Y"e.tu"w-eJ plo-r 4.re o~tl-\.eet u..~\ ~

    IT) as

    fo llows.

    IT Code
    p1 = 400 Illbf/in. 2
    T1 = 600 11F
    p2 1 Illbf/in. 2
    eft = 0.7
    To = 60 + 460 II OR

    IT Results for TIl = 70%


    h 1 1306 Btu/lb
    h2 = 1013 Btu/lb
    h2s = 887.3 Btu/lb
    S1 = 1.589 Btu/lboR
    S2 = 1.813 Btu/lboR
    S2s = 1.589 Btu/lbOR

    h1 = h_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1)


    s1 = s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    s2s = s1
    h2s = h_Ps('WaterISteam", p2, s2s)

    =
    =

    h2 h1 .. eft * (h1 .. h2s)


    Ed = To * (s2 .. s1)
    h2 h_Ps ('W aterISteam", p2, s2)

    Ed /m

    = 116.5 Btu/lb

    Pl.-or:
    120
    100

    n
    '

    80

    .-

    rn

    60
    -.
    -ur"C 40
    E

    20
    0
    70

    80

    90

    100

    111 (%)

    Fr"M fl-t e plof,we see -f'ka..f (ower "alu~s.. e~ ise~trop\C. -k.wb, ~<2. eutcie\tCj
    cot(('f.r

    OM 10 \V1Crea.seA ~\1J~ ~ec+rv..e+iov\. J ~ e.)(pec-k-J..

    7-ft5

    ""'ow"'~ $~y-s~"'e. DP_('_f'iV\j dtll.-f~ <'..(~

    for

    &t,',..

    C0lNf't-f>S.sor.
    FIAJD: D4!~~"'" ;-u f0c..u-f>,. f'e<tv/I'ed h~ -tv........ C~""-"-r--ft'or a."d tN~
    '\ ~.6\"j'1 d's-tyvcff"""', 'f.fA-'s.s -ttv A?c.gr,':J cl.-r!vvch'U\-1 ~ "" pi:rce ... t-e-J~ ttQ"'t-t-v...
    pow~" i~

    prolllde d

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    sc~rMf'li(C

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    8,GIIJ't1V

    ASSu(Y\p,ICH,J S:

    01'\7"":

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    '7-1\10"-1'0"'" ~ o,q,-4 ) \1'J.s::, .... (7.f.J


    7.3r&fI.J~{1ot" -

    ..,~s

    s-..:7.'H3 ~~/~sl::.

    eo % . Fr_ -r..blc.

    Tke "l,

    (clou-ble i., \-e...rCll,p' ""') .

    )('2.S~

    (3)

    "'"'
    J

    I~

    = SS.5'2.t<W EL ':(OI'~S:)(2.c ..a)(1."'313-1.I'ID'):: II). &rI<.W


    J

    T2 T Ph("WaterISteam", p2, h2)


    Wdotcv mdot * (h1 - h2)
    Edotcv =mdot * To * (s2 - s1)

    IT Results for TI! = 80%


    h 1 = 3149 kJ/kg
    S1 = 7.135 kJ/kgK
    h2s = 2592 kJ/kg
    h2 = 2703 kJ/kg
    S2 =7.433 kJ/kgK
    T 2 113.6 C
    W = 55.73 kW
    cv
    Ed = 10.9 kW

    7-7.3

    (Cntfo(.)

    PR08-EiVl 1." 3

    PLOTS:
    350

    70

    300

    60

    250

    50

    200

    150

    I-

    40

    i:)

    30

    'S

    Q)

    100

    20

    50

    10

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    111

    60

    70

    80

    90 100

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    111

    (%)

    60

    70

    80

    90 100

    (%)

    45

    1)\sW.~S;Ot\. :

    40

    t. 'Th.e. c.Q..8e. c* v\'*" lOOe,,/o (_oJ(esp~ to


    ~ 11M I.A-IA'\ ~uJe,r fA.N..A. =l.ero elC.e-Y"j <j
    &~.fy~. Th.e. C4A4. e{- ~ 0

    35
    30
    25

    cor~'fo~ io:wro 'P~ ~

    20

    'M.J}..}(.1W.1.l~ oQ.JC~ cte4fv'(,l~ .

    "'0

    15

    2. ~ ~ ~

    10

    &t- ~~Ov ~lS


    ~ ~ ~~~
    o, ~h~ ~'(Oc.e~) Wl~ Y\~':!~\'

    VtO w(}(k)

    (N.

    o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
    111

    I.

    The. .f~t porh 011\


    s~tes

    o..t

    p':.

    fl-&

    (%)

    fl-te. p lot

    Coo

    r r-e r poo'ld.r it>

    -k""'~"'D-hAr~ C-4'(''I'o4J~''''dI

    Ol ~Po...

    7-74

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    )(2. ~

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    ~A+-"r .. hcn.....

    4+

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    tc:Noc,,"\,J: S+c-I'1- s+""f~ Ope.rA+"~j tJ~:f-A. c:l.r~ 'P..-ov,'cled for 41\. S-k4H'\ tLc.r b'-"e.
    F{f',)t):(A)P Tf tile. ,'S"" "'or"'c fj-.'ec'e"H'/
    80%
    a"d f!~r'J '-i v41l.cecl G'-+ fi'C'~I41:t
    p60"1c IA.J' '" J de f("r...-'""ft. +..... VI( ll.A~ CI t""'-'- po W~.. ~ ~c ("<:1 ( l ....t +"- c.S' t: afT""'"
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    ro. .. ~I"" ~~ 80 +0 IOOO~

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    IT Code

    p1 = 100 Illbf/in. 2
    T1 = 500 11F
    p2
    1 * 14.696 Illbf/in. 2
    mdot = 300000 II Ib/h
    eta = 80 II %
    To = 70 + 460 II "R

    IT Results for TI!

    h1 = h_PT(IWaterISteam", p1, T1)


    51 = s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    h2s = h_Ps('WaterISteamil, p2, 525)
    525 = 51
    h2 h1 - (eta 1100) * (h1 - h2s)
    52 s_Ph ("WaterIStea mil, p2, h2)

    h 1 = 1279 Btu/lb
    51 = 1.708 Btu/lboR
    h2s = 1118 Btu/lb
    h2 = 1150 Btu/lb
    52 1.756 Btu/lb
    W = 3.864 X 107 Btu/h

    CV

    Wdot = mdot * (h1 - h2)


    CostW = Wdot * (0.08 I 3413)
    Edot = mdot * To * (52 - 51)
    CostE Edot * (0.08 I 3413)

    = 905.7 $/h
    6

    Pu:;r:
    _.a-----__ ---

    power

    Ed = 7.623 x 10 Btu/h

    1000

    =80%

    ---

    --

    exergy

    = 178.7 $/h

    -- - --- ~-

    ~-

    750 ---.- power


    exergy destruction

    s:

    -k--

    500-

    .~

    250 k---

    o
    80

    85

    90

    95

    100

    11t (%)

    .4+ h'l~"'e'(" '1o..lM.e-s e~ V\t 1 ~e.~-15 lec;s exeV"~ ~ destru.c.flo~ ~ qvEtX,Jer


    r"v-J.e'f eutpv.t) ~ expe.c..tetl.

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    IT Code
    p1
    T1
    p2
    p3
    To
    x3

    ("2.)

    ~J
    'l=t\....,~I .. -h"'J c....;. T~ '-'-'/.8 ...+ 1Sl>I&fl.'ft'l. w ..........
    ~4: ptoT8 attA{ 1& of<., \1.);-\10. G..+.. fr-~ rr... lale. A-J 1 $3:' s.f+ 'V-l Sf8
    '53:::-o.\3~"'+ 0.Q8(184rV -I,ll"" '1~llftte, :t""r.,n,,; '1(;.II-".r.-hI G,s.c.,),{l.{

    (,.,.+1;.. ....

    or

    ~c.... :o. '2.T~


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    sf.... df.j s-i-.ft.

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    c:...",or,o\ vo l .. -

    ",tv...., ",.. foe.

    O~ !~l'~(SI_S')-Tq..~. .
    ~

    ..... a" ~':

    = 200 Illbf/in. 2
    = 600 II of
    = 150 Illbf/in. 2
    = 1 II Ibf/in. 2
    = 60 + 460 II oR
    = 0.98

    h1 = h_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1)


    s1 = s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    h2 = h_Ps('WaterISteam", p2, s2)
    h2 = h1
    s3 = ssat_Px('WaterISteam", p3, x3)
    Edvalve= To * (s2 - s1)
    Edturb= To * (s3 - s2)

    IT Results for X3 = 0.98


    h1= 1322 Btu/lb
    s1 = 1.676 Btu/lboR
    s2 = 1.707 Btu/lboR
    s3 = 1.941 Btu/lboR
    /Ed/ril)

    /Ed/ril)

    = 121.4 Btu/lb

    valve

    turbine

    7-7Cf

    = 16.04 Btu/lb

    rLDT:
    150 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    .c

    '

    iIi

    100

    - - turbine
    ---A---- valve

    '<,

    .w"O 50

    o -I--r----,-----,-,--..,----,---,--,---,...--l
    0.9

    0.92

    0.94

    0.96

    0.98

    X3

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    Analysis:

    (a) The power Wev for the control volume in the accompanying figure can be evaluated using mass and energy rate
    = m, Using this relationship between
    balances. At steady state, the mass rate balance reduces to give m, =
    the mass flow rates together with assumption a, the energy rate balance reduces at steady state to give

    m2

    Wev

    .(

    m hI - h2 +

    vi -2

    Vi)

    The mass flow rate m can be evaluated from the expression


    .

    A 2V2

    --v;- -

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    2
    [ 18.7 cm 2](9.1 ~)(105 N
    2)
    m = (100 cm/m)
    s
    m = 0.0167 kg/s
    ( 8314 N'm) (356 K)
    28.97 kg'K
    Then, with specific enthalpy values from Table A-22, h, = 295.2 kJ/kg and h2 = 356.5 kJ/kg, the value of
    obtained as follows:

    Wev

    Wev is

    11

    0.0167 kg [295.2 kJ _ 356.5 kJ + (3.7 m/s)2 - (9.1 m/s)2]1


    1 N ~ll 1 kJ
    s
    kg
    kg
    2 1 kg-rn/s-l l.Iu' Nr m

    kg ( -61.3 kg
    kJ - 0.03 kg
    kJ)/1I kl/s.
    kW! = -1.02 kW . c E E = - - - - - - - - - - - = 0.0167 S
    The minus sign reminds us that an electrical power input is required to operate the hair dryer. The change in
    kinetic energy between inlet and exit is seen to be negligible and is ignored in the remainder of the solution.
    = 0 and m, =
    the steady-state elCe~i rate balance reduces as follows:
    (b) Since

    o:

    m2,

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    In this device, a relatively high potential for use electrical input is used to obtain a stream of slightly
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    1-102.

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    IT Code
    p1 = 200 Illbf/in. 2
    T1 = 600 11F
    p2 = 150 Illbf/in. 2
    p3 = 1 II Ibf/in. 2
    x3 = 0.98
    To = 60 + 460 II "R
    h1 = h_PT("WaterISteamil, p1, T1)
    s2 = s_Ph(IWaterISteam", p2, h1)
    s3 ssaLPx('WaterISteam", p3, x3)
    h3 = hsat_Px(flWaterISteam", p3, x3)
    eft = (h1 - h3) I ((h1 - h3) - To * (s2 - s3))

    IT Results for X3
    eft 0.6613
    h1
    1322
    h3
    1085
    s2
    1.707
    s3
    1.941

    =0.98

    90
    80
    70
    60
    ~

    50

    40
    30
    20
    10
    0
    0.9

    0.92

    0.94

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    X3

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    ASSUMPTIONS '. (I)

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    IT Code
    p1 = 400 Illbf/in. 2
    T1 = 600 11F
    x2 = 1.0
    p2 = 50 Illbf/in. 2
    To = 60 + 460 II OR

    IT Results for D2 = 50 Ibf/in. 2

    =
    =

    =
    =
    =
    =
    =

    h1 h_PT(IWaterISteam", p1, T1)


    51 s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    h2 = hsaLPx(IWaterISteam", p2, x2)
    52 = ssat_Px('WaterISteam", p2, x2)
    525 s_Ph(IWaterISteam", p2, h2s)
    525 = 51

    h 1 1306 Btu/lb
    h2 1174 Btu/lb
    h2s 1123 Btu/lb
    51 1.589 Btu/lboR
    52 1.659 Btu/lboR
    S2s = 1.589 Btu/lbOR

    Ed 1m = 36.26

    Ed To * (52 - 51)
    eta = (h1 - h2) I (h1 - h2s)
    eft = (h1 - h2) I h1 - h2) - To * (51 -52

    111 0.719 (71.9%)


    s = 0.7847 (78.47%)

    PLOTS '.
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    200
    180
    160
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    10
    0
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    40

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    10

    20

    30

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    IT Code

    p1 = 400 II Ibf/in. 2
    x1 1
    p2 0.6 Illbf/in. 2
    x2 = 0.81
    To 60 + 460 II "R

    =
    =
    =
    =
    =

    IT Results for X2 = 0.81

    h1 h5at_Px("WaterISteam", p1, x1)


    51 = ssaCPx('WaterISteam", p1, x1)
    h2 h5at_Px("WaterISteam", p2, x2)
    52 s5at_Px('WaterISteam", p2, x2)
    s2s = 5_Ph ("WaterIStea m", p2, h2s)
    s2s s1

    h 1 = 1205 Btu/lb
    h 2 = 899.8 Btu/lb
    h 2s = 806.6 Btu/lb
    S1 = 1.485 Btu/lboR
    S2 = 1.656 Btu/lboR

    Wcv = h1 - h2
    Ed = To * (s2 - s1)
    eta = Wcv I (h1 - h2s)
    eft = Wcv I h1 - h2) - To * (s1 - s2

    Ed 1m

    Wcv

    /m = 305.5 Btu/lb

    =88.97 Btu/lb

    = 0.7744 (77.44%)
    111 0.7662 (76.62%)
    E

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    IT Code
    p1 = 2 II MPa
    T1 = 1000 + 273 II K
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    T2 = 1273 11K
    To = 20 + 273 II K
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    IT Results

    for T 2 :: 634 K:
    W
    166.3 kW

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    E :::; 0

    Ed = 53.15 kW

    cv

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    IT Code

    p1 50 II bar
    T1 = 466 11C
    p2 = 40 II bar
    T2 436 11C
    mdot = 26.15 II kg/5
    To 298 II K

    =
    =
    h1 =h_PT(IWaterISteam", p1, T1)
    51 = 5_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    h2 = h_PT(IWaterISteam", p2, T2)
    52 5_PT('WaterISteam", p2, T2)
    525 5_Ph(IWaterISteam", p2, h25)
    525 51

    =
    =
    =

    Wdote = mdot * (h1 - h2) 11000


    Edotf1 - Edotf2 = mdot * h1 - h2) - To * (51 - 52 I 1000
    Edotf1 = 35
    ee = e2 * Edotf1 - Edotf2) I Wdote) + (Zdott I Wdote) I 1000
    Zdott = 7.2 * Wdote
    e2 = 7.2
    em = e2 * (Edotf2 I mdot) * (1000 I 3600)

    'PLOTS '.
    20

    -r--------------------,

    15

    Q)

    'S

    10

    20

    15

    30

    25

    35

    40

    (bar)

    P2

    8.8
    ~

    s:

    -.

    ...
    til

    Q)

    til

    0
    0

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    8.6
    8.4

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    ~Ce

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    7.6
    7.4
    ,......-.C2

    7.2
    7
    0

    10

    15

    20
    P2

    25

    30

    35

    40

    25

    30

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    (bar)

    3
    2.5
    ~

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    -.

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    til

    Q)

    1.5

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    E
    0

    0.5
    0
    0

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    15

    20
    P2

    (bar)

    EREIGHT

    VAPOR POWER
    SYSTEMS

    Pl2CBLEM 8.1
    I:::NOWN

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    Condenser
    4

    Cooling
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    3

    See EXdM.ple. 8.1


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    '=

    177. cfl

    bbool

    ~J'/ICj

    ~) _ 't. 0'2."']:'

    1-'-1
    3bco

    S
    00 I X( 0

    (2 SoI,4 - 117,'1,) "" 2'i1.(,

    It /k

    xco

    -E'43I------..;..

    1::.

    \J_A~ _ _~
    "V

    W~e... l~

    /'N0wtJ :

    +tuz

    worlL\ "'~ .c.l~~ \~ IA.~ \dt"~( eQ.~h"""e

    "'c.

    heo..fe.:( VGf&r eM..f.eV"lh~ f(.c.(, .J.u.yblHe.


    '\tu. Y\t+ povJe~ c9U.\fU.t o..r~ i\"Jell\.

    f\~t> '.

    e.t;jdQ w\..f.<,.. \~r


    c.o~'ev'" rre's",r~ tA.~

    :D..e.\.e'lV\l\\"'~ (~l -+~(. V'll'.\e e~ \uCA..t tn.lAs+-e-r 10 ~ Wo-.-kIWj ftW,et


    1(A.\~\"'~ ~roW)~ ~ ~teA.lM ~~"'Wtl-torJ \b) t~ .fw..Y"MAI e4iG\e.V\~)
    ~~

    'Y'ct.fe o-f. to"Ad....e~'e.va.::r as-c ,

    (G) +k 'Y\IUo."S f-low


    l soc. o.v..J X\.ts

    elA.-kxs oct

    5CM?MAiI Co

    CJ>oh~~

    w~+er)w~\~

    <91 vSI-) ~:

    ____ "-'

    r;::-- - - - I

    wto-Lf :: l"OMW :I

    I
    I

    'SOc

    I
    Condenser

    ~--

    Pump

    4
    L---+----'i'~- ~

    ..+s~OMPnON$~

    --

    Cooling

    water

    See ElCa.""pI4 8.1 ,

    l.\S5 u'fI1ptiot'l.[

    J-lf

    F IV-S+) tlX ea.dc frF fW. ft"l/l\ClPtJl( 'S~fe.s.


    5'to-tel: p(=8o"'cU"J -r; =Y8o(,)c =t>- ht':. 33118.Y \c~/'" )S,= '-."58' Ic~~.\<

    ANM.'j$lS:

    S\g,\e.

    2.:

    S1a.-l-e a:

    2WAA

    Lf:

    'P~:: o. 08 "~Y

    P3 '=1.0.08 ~
    k" '"

    "'3 +-

    =t>

    S:a. ='S,

    = S, -

    '<2.

    S 12. .... O.7lf IN


    s~-s.,~

    <;cd. li~lA.w(

    1/3 (

    =t>

    K9

    (0.) To o.0\eV'~\Io\e.

    l1l.~CO

    1c::r/~)1J3=I.D08'{jC(03~

    P'I - [>3 )

    = /13.98!:.! +Q.ooS'Il<.tb"
    '=-

    "'3 =/73.88

    kII""

    hz.:'.2 o62.Cf
    I

    8.0fo

    'M3)(80_,o~)
    bcu. t~lt l leT
    Icj
    \ 104tf' lO'N'~

    =- I~\'ltt \c.7/1"5

    ~+ +ro.",sk~ ~e. &\"'" > ~ys:t cA~"'MI~ +lu.


    '(Y\Cc.~ s flow '(' o..t(!.. 11u. ~ powe-r a ",*"",t e4- t"'-a.. CA.4 etA i~

    ~~c\e
    Or

    VY\

    -tv..a.

    '2.

    Wi:. ~ Wf
    W ~\e.

    ::

    ~ [(h\-~'&) - (~"t-"'~)1

    ~\-~-a.) - (~"_"'"I)

    (\00

    ~W)

    [(~}'tBA-~oB2_~) -B.o'"1~

    h.

    e,

    -M (~\-"',,) ::C7q.5~~)(:n\{9.tt-18I.Cl,,)kJ"
    S

    -:. ]51.52<.0 3 kW"lll!~~

    :. 11.53 lSI s
    \.1(\\11

    1' 0'3 k:J/s

    ~.
    W

    "'5 Ilkl1s

    MoW'

    I
    ----:;~

    PR08LE.M 8, '2.

    (b)

    (Cf\1t 'J. )

    i~~ +her~( e~lc.\(,IA~

    _ WUf-lIl.

    '1. (tl

    T(lIc.l~<j 4.

    Q(l.\.

    cm+t-c>l

    CD

    -Mc.w \,f. ~
    ,

    YV\c.w -:.

    100 X,(c::? kw

    -::.

    ~S1.8

    +tu

    tk2

    'Mb-Cf1

    ~ (~z. - ~ ...)

    3'7 (3',7/o)"'lIl!~t--

    --.,;..::..

    ~er

    ~cw (lhc.w,i", - ~CWIQ~t)

    flow ~e of 'fWl c.oc>~\~, wod.etr. -r~

    Ml\i\4-"'3)
    (hCW,O\.\.T -

    'For

    Xtc:7 L-:.w :. 0,

    VOUA"'t! o..rou.J

    o =- ~:. ~o
    w\u..t~

    is

    ~CIU,\",)

    ~\\~~ wo.kev-) h ~ h.(- cr. ~} w~ ~a.to..

    *-rOM

    JI4.Io\q

    A-2-

    ~w -::. (?Q,'S3 k.3/s )(.,'W~.1.~ - /13.98) "'~/I, J al:loooS f

    6't".~e

    - b 2. 'let ) lc.~/~

    :. ".5'.3 Xc 0" kal


    k
    oJ

    ..

    1 ""

    v\1,,,,,

    I.
    TfAese V't"~v..t~ CD..VI. ~ to""-paV'ecl ",;t~ Y'esuL\s ~O1"\ E~1M1>1e ad
    10 5.Qe So~ eM-(.~ ()f SupeV'h.Q.(l..h~ ~ v~o; Ct.T ~ +u.vlot"'e \\I\le.t 0,",
    fu lch.cJ QA\A,\(.,\.\e ~.

    ftW(3t.-eM

    8 . .3
    IN~i-e,... i"S ~ wo(I(.l~.9 ft.u.i.c.( I ~ "'" <!.ow~t>+ vo.po" JJOUJer' ~. ~IZ
    s1cdE's <1.+ f"'-e. bOl'~V" a.1.te( twbt~e '''''-et tAYe SftlcifieJ Ol~ -flu..
    to'ltcl-et.t ser- f ft'SS L( f.(! is 1c.l1.0W n .
    J).e+e.V"MIi.\e (Q) i1\~ +kev~1 e~(C1.lI\~ (b) &
    bAc-1e. WOyk. ~o.tio)
    (c.) tk
    trQ.lI\s~r +0 +..A. WO"t"klkj -f-tU,'u( ,eY" u"'"ct ~c;,

    KtJOWN:

    FIND ~

    "'W

    p~~si\'\.~ f{A.rD",,~ ~ loo1ltr > o.~ (d) tf,.st ~(J(.~ -fnulsk,r trOI'l1 ~
    WOr1c.lM9 ~ per Lf:rMt- ~ts f.4SSllItj +k~o~1.t ...J.ke c01I\.def.tst'r. (e) Co",,"p4te..d ..

    (.u

    e5'~TIC. ~ C:rLv'W M=l?\ :

    AH LtJ:b

    iT ""'-

    E)(

    vv--P ,e

    ~./

    l'08

    ~.f"
    s

    Jo

    A-$SVMPTI.QNS ~ (I) E'Clc<A ec:m-pol1e..d: is ClVla..{!1oz.u( as a. ~+r()1 \/OlUnte o..i"" sk..


    stak. (20) A-tl fre>C("~$es ef t4. Woyrc.Lkj
    ~ iMfer'Ht:tl~ /fevevsiJ"Je .<'~J J'.i.

    ftu'~ln~

    a.1iV1

    e+feefS'

    Ctt'e

    -Pt.u..u.t

    ~ Q>Lt~ ~p~ adia.bt:<tic,4lt:1.<'f) k~iite+c.c.

    ~~lj9i"/e.

    atA.J. fokt~:ko.-{ e/ller3~

    A'NA{,'1Sts. Fl~ST ~ +\.J\ e..~C~ o~ 'i-""e. fy(Y\c-\pcd ~'\.+t'S.

    :>toJe (:
    Sfp..+g, 'Z.:
    $We..3 ~

    Sks-k 4:

    rl':.BO bwr) so.:t-.1.rD.p0i" =l> hi ::2758.0 k~/b:J)sl '= S.'7Y.32 kJ/lc,.K


    fa. =o.o81o~ ) ~~ ':. Sl =t> 7C..a. = S-a.- S -f 2. : 0.'-7'15 h ::: liQlf.81c.;:r/1...
    r j...- S,7.

    r~ : 0.08 IHw ) S3::' Stt ': 3.2.0b8 k:r/~. t::. '=t>

    h ~ ::: ett:t". q" l~Il~


    f'f':. eo bQ.r ~ serl. \it\.\.\c.l ~ ~\f ~

    13'<0.(,

    ca) Ike. ~~V'Y~lJd eU\,,\~\'''':1 ~+ +L..4. C.~~o+ ~cl~


    dcL-\o. fn,~ TGl'ol~ A- 3; T li
    : 31~.blo \C:.

    CD

    Vl

    _"'~

    (.h) ,..k~ \'Q.c..~

    ::

    1.... Te
    TH

    ::

    lUOY'\c.

    'fo..fl.e

    OJ

    Ic'J"lk,

    ....

    314.10(, K
    5"8.2.5 K. ..

    lS

    ,IC:I

    tI\ lU.1I3
    IJ

    (ILiI
    ;-30/ )
    -r,.~ 70 ....
    41-----

    k't - ~'3 ~ l~ llo.1f - '1110.4(,


    \-\\ - ~-a.
    1."7'58.t> -\1Cl'L8

    (W-l;./~)

    320.\'1-

    .,.

    ~3 -s~ ... O. ~l(Z3


    :13 - 5;3

    is

    bwv- ~ (~,./.,;,.. ') -:.

    ::. 'l"3.2.

    ~w~v.. \>':1 ~. ~.8. wi-+\....


    TSoo:t C! 80 ~ .... S"B.2.5 lc: alNl Tc. ::. '.sc..+ ~ e.es b4l\v

    T~

    ' l ....,...

    ";s ':.

    ::.

    0.332

    (33.2.

    1-----------

    ) .....

    P~0l.EM, 8.3 (CC7l\:t.\ot)

    .
    ~
    (t::l ) FY't:>V\'\ N\A.~S

    ..

    : h, - '" ~

    0. ~

    ..... 59.0

    ~~ - 131~.~ ~ : Iq~I.'I ~ ...

    ro*Q. bt \QMce S

    eV'e V't3 ';1

    -ro.r

    fu ctMd:e,,,ser

    G;-;. ; \,J. - ~3 ~ 1"'<f'l.8 ~ - "(P.tI" k.l~


    (e)

    C()\N'r~r"~j +L-..Ase A.Psl.A...\.:h

    ~#~evtc'1

    tko- -t'-'e ......... M


    flv..

    ili ~/..:v.

    T""-...

    woV'"~

    bAck:
    t.o

    ~""l:.,I'\t' cy~

    \.A;i-+""- -tkos~

    ro..ho

    1;

    ,.

    E:.o.-p/~

    a/:

    I", +l....tl'A,gu,..fC4.S~

    9reA..-te-r
    h-IQcl.t.,re'~.j-e,....,

    Ex.D.-pIe.

    tro-r

    8.1
    "vo,'ds
    ~ ~-p~.s--t
    e:..-.t-e : P..-...cc.. u J' '3 -

    +'-

    t"",

    fp 3051-35"8

    u-f

    7qS:~l( ~ ....._ ---..;,.

    hss

    pU""'1'I'V\.g ~<:~ss ;vtvol v


    ~+v..~~ of . ./-I....L (L"- S'~"'"
    0"

    ...;

    .fc...r-t~ de-hM./.

    G;,/"

    4:

    L.uo..-i:-'Ydtl'lS'IVe..

    ....L.'VI~ -vo-poi""
    See~. ~srl' 0"'"'

    l<A/OWAJ; {,Jo,-fer- is #Ie. WO('ll.l'~

    ~u.i d ,'VI a VI ideal faHlt;,ne '-'jele. wifh


    '~r"h.ealec( v6..por ~'1+eY&nJ the turbine. J)aJo.. a,re 9l"~V1 i",
    [?rohlt:m S.1..

    fIND ~

    ot i-ke. C(Wlttfitles. c(J./cufo.fed I'~

    plot e.a.dll

    c.o~aen.ser p('e~fl~e.

    SCHCMkrlC.

    i. 6lVEJJDMLl:

    !r$SUMPTLoUS: See

    See. sotui-ion

    E')(arnpJ~

    fDlcP~

    rfAoJ1B (H, ,+0...,

    +0

    froft,leYl1
    fo

    f).

    zz

    versus

    I MPtJ<..

    Proh{ern B.2..

    8.1 J a SSlM~lp'hof\S 1-4-.

    -Fer

    IrNL:YStS: The procedure


    .fVx'~j eo.cLt "f flte.priuc.ifal shies is +ktl. S'e;lrke.
    a.r itA problem t. z. s-/-a.:fe I l.s .{tx e~ J 0. K.d. s~ :;. J 3 a tUJ. "I CA-lJ V ~,.., w if{,..
    CO'l1.~s~r pre~suV'e, 4.~ fLl",1raJteA 0)'\ f-lt42. T-s oI~<J mt"\ b.e18w
    -

    t, :.4 Bo"

    2.'

    Sa. wtple.

    re sul fs :

    r(,~

    ::, !c.PA,.

    -::

    S\~-le

    n(Lc:r,~)

    0.D6 ba~

    331.1 8.Ji

    2-

    205lJ "q

    .3

    15/.53

    LI

    15'1.58

    ~MCZI',:+S

    S ::" ."sa" ~:T /k K


    s; <s, : )(,_ = t>:tB,5tt

    So:J. /iiflA.id d D.Oh hew


    1-1" 1,,3 + ~ (PV-PI)

    SftA:le
    I

    z
    3

    Pt.cnt...d

    o.oc
    I

    (~Gtt" )

    R.estLt

    2."

    &'iIl = 7.Lx (0 Ic-IAJ J ~:: O. '+0115J Mew =&,.J ))(10 J&,I L..
    Q,i... ~ 3IS.7)(a)~,,"WJ ~ =0.3/1>8),hcw ~q.Z8)(1I)'c,/'"

    Y-1

    PRo6c.E.M 8.4 ((onf'd)

    PI D# I V19 -tor ~ eu-f-; ~ V'A~

    ,,( u>....J.lMSIl.; pre~su~

    320000
    280000
    240000

    5.:>t!.

    200000

    160000

    cr

    120000
    80000
    40000
    0
    0.00

    0.20

    0.40

    0.60

    0.80

    1.00

    0.20

    0.40

    0.60

    0.80

    1.00

    0.20

    0.40

    0.60

    0.80

    1.00

    0.60
    0.50
    0.40
    ~

    0.30
    0.20
    0.10
    0.00
    0.00
    lE+07
    9E+06
    8E+06
    7E+06

    .!:
    Cl

    -...

    6E+06

    .:>t!.
    I

    o>

    'E

    5E+06
    4E+06
    3E+06
    2E+06
    lE+06
    OE+OO
    0.00

    Condenser pressure - bar

    The fhe r-YhCLI e++~c.;e'1ey clec.r~es as U11'\.~~~r: P'l"~ssLC.r:e


    ;1I\(,rea."e~. SllACe -tkeJower lS Ch1AS+a.\A i:J M.O(~ ~eA.t ''''Pu.t" r.ef(..(.~ ...ecl
    CA.M -f'1.e. W\Cc.'S f{ow fi (l. e-f caO(I~ wtdEW" ~ IIACAAdSe. +0 a.ccOMY\ltodo-k

    tke

    L1t(,r~,,~eJ

    lI\eeel /cr- heeet rej/2.c..tUn-t .

    8-&

    PROf8lfVl 8,5
    !5NOWN:

    'v../a.+er is the.

    work.t~q ~lU.ld I~

    (tV'

    ieteal Ra~I.I~C2. ~c..fe. with


    8JveJ1 ill\

    .s~erh~a.t~d v,,?or- af f~e kt-rb,Vte i~le+. Pa~ Are.

    Probl.em 8 , 2 .
    J~ ProbleM 8.2.. V~.r(,t~ sfec..~
    Be~endor PJ'l:'S~("('~ rAYl,'1''''j froM 1.1 +021/- MPct while Wla.I"lfa..'~I"j
    c.C:)flsfa~t turbine. iV1le..f feMpe~CL+ure.

    Plof ea.ch e>+ fttequCtKttt:ies calcvtla..fee..{

    fiND:

    S;W=J1Ml'

    ' GkVEfJ

    See.. soluho)\ To Problem 8.2..

    :DA-7A:

    See. E~aMflQ.. 8.1 ) a..~sUYYlpf-ion.s I-If.


    AtJAi,VSIS: The procedure.for ft')(J;"j eaclv of +t-ae 1'rlv.cipal sh:cJes is +~e.sa.me..
    es i 'ProhlQm 8.2.. S+tde 3 IS ft"U1l and st-aks ,} 2 a rid 4 a.U va.,ry Wl+'"
    steA.m geJ1em:fvr- p~bSu.reJ as: illu.sfm:f-ed on tke.. 7:.S dl~mrn .b.elow
    T
    r; ::.460 c
    A-SSUMPTlDA.JS:

    s
    5()..rnp/~

    v-esulf-s:

    :. 't

    /VtPc- =. 40 be:tr

    hCk:r7J(q)

    S~~e..
    I

    33Cl'i.2

    .2.J<iq.1

    3
    4

    173.88

    177," I

    Sta.fe.. h CIe. :rTfiq,


    I

    3102.3

    2-~

    1 SL/2...fD

    If

    p, (bAr)
    I/O
    .=t40

    173.86

    ,'S.01

    fern meV1f.s
    Sf :: 7. 02B'
    s~~s,.;

    XL :.D.841.'17

    P.. =o,oflbew $4f. Ji4CA.;J..


    h'l ':(, h:;! .,.11',3 c. p" - P3 )

    Cornme"...fs
    S, :: 5.8950
    S z ~S, j x, = e>.ht:tl./.'I
    ~ =0.08 ha-r St>:(: liti u;~
    ~ h,=,of-1!; (rcrP_~v)

    "'4

    RtZs. u..l+

    q.'1i\ -:2'~.)XLO'Jk.W) 1 -= 0.371,


    ~\i.\

    ':. 2'35.1

    ~c.w:'7.Z.S}({OfDlc;,l'"
    Xloikw I JIL ~ D.42.5,) ~c.w:' 5".81 XIO b 'C5 IiA.

    300000 r---r-~--r-------,-----r----"'---'
    250000

    s:.::.::

    200000

    -----------

    c:

    . cf

    150000
    100000
    50000
    0
    0

    50

    100

    150

    200

    250

    0.50

    0.40

    0.30

    -----

    0.20

    0.10
    0.00 '-----'-_ _
    50
    o

    _ _'__~____l.______l

    -'--~_.J...._

    100

    150

    200

    250

    8.0E +06r---.-----r----....----r---_~
    7.0E+06
    6.0E+06

    .= 5.0E+06

    -....

    01

    .::.:: 4.0E+06
    I

    ~ 3.0E+06
    'E
    2.0E+06
    1.0E+06

    Steam generator pressure - bar'

    FOr ti"e& fw"bl"'e. i",fet +e.~pllaf/).re.> +he.. -#te.rm.~l e4tuenc'! ,l"cYe~re.s


    +he. 'P0werl, Cbrtrf4fA.t} less
    e-P ccol''''j we~:ter decreases
    Sl~ce Ie's tt~ r~~fiDtI\ ~ bfL4UDftIIMoclet-feJ.

    L()i~ iIl\Ct"etSl~j S.f.eaM :J~herrJ.or pres~l.(.nz. St~ce.


    l1eat lll\fwt- i..{ ~Ll./.:r-ed. Ahtd -/he M4.f:.s -Uow rn,fe

    8-10

    PRoBLEM

    8."
    WfMer i" tke workl~j fLui.d ItA ~II\ idettl R4~lc.liAe c-lJcfe. Tivl..
    c.o~.eK" p~~sslM"'e 0. ",-et -H.te. ~"" i:te I;""!-et sfr,..4e. a (e. specified.
    1)ef.eV"~I"'("(~)fht.. 'f\er WOf'k.. peV" Uk-'lt ~r~ Df sf-aM fl,owJ(J: +~e heAt
    trQ.t\sfer P/l.( Urlt t Ma.'s f>t ~teA.W1 flfJW -(1.1 rOlJ..'jh fhe hoi leY) (c) -Ht.
    -ttt.ermcd eUr.cleVlGCj) a\l\d (d) ~e 1Aecvf- fro,)\.f+er +0 U9o(,nj LV~er
    PA-SS'v\~ #troWj~ ft.te UJrtdefiser- flK /;tV\-it mtd's ()~ S+ett.WI etrt\il.eNtr~.

    !<(:JDWN:

    f,fJD:

    ~CH6f'4f.}rIC j, (,\lVGAJ DMA:

    Qi~

    P,= J8MPCt. =ISobcc....

    r=-==-=..c;...=-=.=-::..::;:=. SAt. IIe..po t" _ -::1


    I
    r; -::_::. ,,~, I
    .Turbirie

    -r

    Wt
    2

    r;:--I
    Ir-+---I~
    I

    I
    Condenser

    Cooling
    water

    L:::_ _

    A5SVMPTWNS: $fUL

    S
    )(o.Mfk 8-1.

    F,vst J l-ix ead of fke. prtVlCtpiA.( st,des.


    fl:: Ie MPa.. sai. va.pot"" ~ "'. :: J SOC(./ 1c.J/~ J

    ANA:ffil$:

    ~fVk I:

    Sfa-kz.:

    P20

    ="lc.p~,j 5 20 ::5,

    s~- S~z. ~

    t>.5'8lPC) J

    ""2.:: ISfJq.J.f

    ".:r{~

    ~'L

    Sftde. tf:

    :. lSI. 5JS1
    ....: ....
    .',';1

    : I 51 'S 3

    (I,ODftlLLXIO-3~)

    (,E!>O- f>.O")btw

    '--;J

    + IS. u = / 'fl. btl

    lr:\fI

    l/OS",J/'M1 \1
    .' ,

    be.

    llc.J"

    , \ 10 1 M--tM

    I'

    te,

    The nef e.vork.. ~-e.V'o-,s~ p.er l.'Ki-t ~'s E>f 6'.f.eAt1'1 ~lc:Jw IS
    W ~ et< _

    V'V\

    Wt:.

    -.

    Wp
    _ (h \"\.. )

    1\1\

    _(I

    "'1I

    _ 1

    11\)

    ~~---

    ::. (;1.501.' -156tl,tf) - (Ib1.t.'f- ISI.S3)

    (1,) "'he..r~+~ ef

    i"tAe. b o,(er
    . rs
    Q ~'"
    f\'\

    (C.)

    k:J/~.k.

    1) ~" Ic.po..- sal. /;1 u.:.t-<,. :t>- h3 = 151.53 kJ'/ ~


    he, ~ Vt 3 +11"3 (pq. -P;s )

    .sfm3:

    (a.)

    'X'L::'

    S, :: 5.10 1./4

    -rhe.

    hfAt ~V\f.fer

    =(h,.. '-' t ) -= 25 c!)Ci , , -

    ~~v-mlt( e~lGie,V\CAj

    Yl: .W""3cJ..e
    , I~
    &i",/vV-.

    fet'" (A~+ W\tA.~S


    l&q.c,4 z: 2 '3'3~.

    <s u. I<:rlk~

    e-t steaM {{ow ..fhro~1.\


    /TI

    ..

    ~ ~

    l$

    'i)'l.Ur

    :.

    O.3q4.(3'f4-/o)~
    ..

    2331.5'

    s-

    PRotalEM &'.(g LCo11t la\

    (d)

    rhe.. rcde: ef he." t


    co ~ vt.ser i-t

    ..fra.hj~r

    io WO {I;"'.,

    "",al~,... f4SSI;"., ft1trotASjk-fu...

    G..~

    =-

    ~,;-~~ ~

    15

    ~'i.'t -

    /5'/.53

    -=- /4/7.'} kJ"r~+~-------~~

    fr-I2.

    PROSL,EM

    8.1
    lNa:kv- is #Ie WOr-k.I~ -Fluid ,&...

    KNOWtJ:

    sta-Ies a,t fhe. boi/era,V'.d


    pressure ,'.s k-vwwn.

    ~t'"bl"'e.

    Carnol vtJ-Por power- c'jcle. /he


    illlieb a....e Sfecl.'fi~I().N1-f11e cerde~Y
    0..

    De-J.e,rml-Vl (a.) tke. {-~eV"Ma( e.fflc..leV\Clj ~ (IoJ -I'he bAd:.-wO~ ra+iOJ(C) #te.
    'V'\et- v..:>Ork. pe.r u'Y\"l t MA~S &f. wo..-\e,r -t-low) (ciJ fi.\e. hea:t -fnwtsfer ftorva .,.he
    work.I":J f-LlA.lc( PA.S.sl~' -f'\\rol.l,h ~e.. ~lItser- pef"tU\lt lW.tSS of steam-tWw"

    D.e.J.ev-m I~e. (o.} ike.. Ylet work. per- ut\i}- n\~S:S- of Sf-e.lA.M -Clew 10,) t#te...
    heM- tmYls(!er -10 +he sfeAW\pa.ssl~j ..fkroWjh #te.. boiler p.er-u.ni.t VI14rs
    uf Ste&c.W1 flowJ(c) the #te..r"~{ (.f+l('ie~Cij ) ~ (cl) -I-{Ae. heo..f- .Jy-4n.rf?er
    W cool,V\~ w~er rp(LSS'~!j +t1,ro/.t8h +he l8~set'" perul1.;+ MA.SJ' (;)t
    steam

    ~set<. ee) COMpMe wdh


    re$'u,lh

    fr C>Wl 'Pt\.ol,(-ek'l 8'.(,.

    Work I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I

    I
    I
    3
    [
    ~---------

    ~oLct

    !t~S()MPTlON ;;: (') EC1Ch COMponewt is ~Vla./~ zed

    ce.+- sfea.&':f sto-te.(1,.) ,ArM


    pf'oc.esses a.re. illlWVlally Yeversrhle .(3) The n..u-bl~e.
    dM.l fCAMp operttfe &ctialo(c.,HCtl{l~.(Jf} k I~ ~f(G
    as

    Q.

    c.DYl+n?J VOlu..MC2

    ~M pQf(.l;f,+i~( eVle~,Cj ef+ecls

    AN4LY~($ ~

    JfoAe.

    Fl:r~t.)
    L~

    .s:ftl:I(, 2 :

    Cold reservoir, Tc

    an. t'\e~L'~p.b/e.

    .tl\C ea.c(" 8f #Ie.

    pniAc.\p~1 6fo:ft.~.

    fl:: IBc:>ba.r SCtf. v()(" =* hi:: 2S0~"1 kjIIc,Js,=-s./()tt~ ICT/~'J<


    s -S.p
    Fz. =0,01, b(),Y") S'J,.~S, =t> ,,~= %Sf,'L'a. ~ O.s8~CJ hz. :./5&1.4 It.'J1lc.s
    I

    5+aAe.. 3: ,,': O,D",


    fa

    5+fLte,Lf ~

    I
    I
    I
    ---------~
    2

    &,q.rJ S3 =Su :: 3. S7'S Ic.J-/b,'I<:.

    h:3 :.11 e8.0

    P~:: l~

    b(ll,r"

    sQ..t.

    k::J('"

    li1t.e.id -=-I>

    ')(2::

    Sa -

    Sf..J :.

    ~s

    O.Q2Cf

    "''I =J132.D l<'1/'=,

    ~) The #\erMal e~lc.ie.V\Ctj &f-+lAe. wV\o+ c.~de is ~\'ver'\ b~ E~. S.8. Wi-t-11 d.~-/roM
    T6.lole. A-3~ Tl't ="'.sc..toleo~ :. (030.2.5 K ~~ Tc. .... i$t:o.t~ D.O&foe.wo':.30C7.311c:. Tk.u..1

    CD

    \'\1/\01,.
    .. ::: 1- Tc.
    .... l - 30't
    ;\ :: 0 5"",0
    .~
    T
    G:>~O.'Z.S
    v-,
    H

    (50

    . I 0/)
    76 <t!=~-------~
    Q

    bw,8-13

    is

    (e) The. fief wo('k. per unit Yl1~rs of wa.~,- flew

    :: (~5 aq. I - I S "C:L Lt) -

    Fr<'t'Vl mil-55 a Ylc1 e rJ2Y9~


    #.('0 ~ h #1~ C6AA.e-!'tS.e r

    G;.t :: h'L- h,
    ~)

    Co

    -r e.r e -L -to +'-

    -r~ ~

    l..l-'

    ~ 10 _ cb.

    YWle ba.l~Jltces

    <1

    o,..~ ~ u~
    0"" Ie

    r-e, h

    Ne>;': 7 .... P~blf'W\ %.~

    QC)...t/~

    v.>

    T~ ~"'~~ C''1c.,..L.a.

    PV"'"1""'j

    r-oc..R~S

    -fw.

    '=.:r/~ '"
    -lor ftte.. wor"-'~5

    Wc,,'id fL / oM
    f[u,ld

    'P~ b 1@1AA ~

    G, ) ~~.! (A.J-e

    "t

    ~s r ~'1II5 ~

    ....... u c h.. ~

    -t-t...a

    Iol.f"': 0.01

    or

    bss.

    (1.'1%)

    PA.oIoI",,,,,,,, ~. fa ~"oic::l.s ~

    \'t-'\voIV1"'-j

    ~1l.\.." '\ ~ ~ &-< ....

    pP. ?>51-~5B

    e 8 e )

    :. 15".'+ -1L88.o = 3~1.q. kT/~.

    r ~ &' lI...l-h

    lA.'

    It

    =3'1 5.7

    q 3Cf.' - 5'4'1

    Cd \

    (n 32 . 0 -

    + ~:

    .....

    -fw,.-'P~

    P~c..Q.SS

    f'-'.r~ ..\(.~.

    s-4.

    l,A:)Oyt: -

    ;k tQ.~ ~

    ...L7\,)1~-V~

    e:ks t.v s s,' ~

    """"

    f4.&S' ~~

    PRDI3Lc.~

    B.8

    KNQl12tJ.:

    I"jp.l-er-;o$ fl1.e worktVig -fLui4 I~ a.~ idal Ra.J'\lt"'~ c'jclc. The cond~J4,S'er
    j~.,.era.:{-()r p~ssu. ...~s ",-('e S're-elf-led s i'k 'Problem 8.".

    cAY\d 'Gteafll\

    EWD:

    Plot e~ch of ..J.he.. ~u.aJ1+;ftes colculased ,i" Problem 8/~ ve.t"S(.(s fuvblHe
    illtlef fe.Vlftptt"a.kut!.. ru"9tYl1 -m,m scJ.u.ro.:"c.~ 10 SlJ.pJtrlvuLfetA va.pe(':

    SCHEMM" S

    "WeN DA-TA:

    ASSUMPTIDNS ~

    ~ee. ProbteM 9.(,.

    jee. Problem

    AN&'iSl5. The -furblite. illf/ef

    s,
    Ct

    kd e-rif .5+a~es C,('''()'''fj~

    AS

    iu ftte 7:s diaq ,..()~.

    S'
    0.45,...-,--r---...,..-.......,--r---...,..-.......,--r-----r----T,
    0.44
    0.43
    0.42
    0.41
    ~

    0.40
    0.39
    0.38
    0.37
    0.36
    0.35 LJ.._...........~.........l.._ ...........~--.l-_...........--l-.___.J,.-J
    360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560

    :: 3000

    ... ;;::: 2500

    VI III

    a ,f!2000

    ... VI
    ........

    >0

    ~ 01

    1500
    C1)~
    c ...
    w 8. 1000

    WcyCle/m

    500

    oLJ..-~--l-.--...J.._~--l-.___.J,._~~--.J.-:-l
    360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560

    Turbine inlet temperature .. C

    t;

    The. c.<jc,le. wj+lt\ S'v..p~yiAe4f( ~'1 (I '-?/- 3- 4 -I ( ) ha.~ o: h her +ellA(' e~ce.+u,Yt e>f ltt~tM~~-hCYl-tk'lJ,~ +ke.c.tle-(e Wl~Ou:t su.rerh~+\~, (1~2.-3-4-').1
    So -fi.te. &"m.cc.l e4lGlellt~~ i.( htghef".
    ~-IS

    ""'<.+E:.~ is +he WOV-k,'VLS Hu-id L~ a. III id~l (Cl.J'lk.,"e c-<jc.le., The. tu.r-101ne
    IlItle+ :si-a..te e:tK! fke. CC>\It&elitser fll'essu.re. are .knowVL, 4150) fke.. rnc.e.sS'
    fLaw ('~te. of Sk(.(.M elll.f.e,v-,"'" +11e. +u.rb,~e is

    kNOWN,,:

    ,,\vell\.'

    'De-l-e.'('~\V\e.. (~) tke. \'\eA-- fowe.r d-e.ve...lo ~~l ),,\oj +lA.e. -\-~enll\~l
    d1\J.. (c.) -Hte. W\~bS f-iow re;t.te o~ c.oohV\j w~+e"',

    SCMJ::MMlc

    eU (c.-'e\l\ c'j )

    C:.l VUJ DA--iA :


    I

    boPp
    Cooling

    &>sumPTLDN~ ~ See.
    4~S (.,C.~ptc.CY\s

    water

    Pump

    L----+_-----'!;..::..- ~

    exCA.t'l1pJe. B./)

    . ...,4.)..-_....

    l-H',

    sd. Ji ,
    /

    lJ;,n '\I\~

    F, 'rst) !- fx eacl t!).f. f-~e. rnnc.ipA I stares.

    ANAk'tSl~:

    .5ptTE.,l~

    p,:tCDOO 1f>.fII"'?-JT;=-ltOO DF

    ~
    ~r""'TE2:

    ~
    s:t> x2.::'
    f.,.=-' Ibll'M,)S2,':. I

    Sa.- Sfa.

    :)rNrEiL:
    57A-TE 4:

    "3:' I JW./"I\~,s(;!.I-.li11A.1~

    hit

    z.

    h2.=-qu,"2..

    - ==o.RI1"Z.3

    ~,/
    0,vylb

    ,)

    :\> h~~'ll,l"" BhVlb

    81~ + (D.Of~llf {> I"~ ~: \111~ ~lbf I( 1f.O -,) ~:~

    =bet.1't t- C{.1&
    power

    S'~ 3.

    h3 + 1Ji t. 'P'f - 1"3 )

    ::: bC;,7lt

    (0.\ Th~ ~e.1-

    @.!9..

    h,:{Sf.t7,1 ~7: ,s,=(.(,)L5" 1~.R.

    ::

    1"(. S'~

    ~k,v

    Lh

    ~;e ve.-lora.e( b~ +~ ~cAe. L-s.

    Wc.vede -;:. Wt - W
    p

    -::: \'h

    t\h ,- ~,.) - ( h

    't -

    )1

    ::~.'fxto' ~ )[Sli1.1-qH.1..)-(4#1~)
    8
    ~ 8. g'l )( I 0
    B-Jul h ..

    ] B~/l6
    .

    ~ c..~c.le..

    tb) To hV\&. +~~ ~clE.. Ael(~ eft-lGleV\Uj ) -k'V5T -f.l\l\cl +~ he.ed 1Y~\I\sfe r
    ,~ -\0 tv..e. I..VO'f\t.\W1 +tv.-\.Iit ~(A..~S\1A9 +{A.roV4"'- +'~ S+e()..M c:J eMe, ( ot4e>r . l b

    Q\\. . ~ ~ ~ '" ,- '" \{ "1


    =Q. '-\ 'JetO b ~) ( IS<il.1-1~ .S2) ~
    = 2.010 X { 0

    e l1A./ h

    r- I {g

    ~Ifu. +~r""C'A.1 e'lc.'(!\I\CC{

    W~c.\~

    vt. = &,.... ;.

    ~.~~

    is
    ')((0&

    J.oe-)< \OCi :: O.41.'t (~~.q/~""''''''f--------~

    For ~ ~, "ol\A'M~ elA.c\o$\ ~ +\4.e Co~e~se,.


    ;..tt0 _,:/,o
    D=)6l-N 7'\1 + ~ (\...'Z.-~'3) + ~'''''' ('-"cw,i" - ~~"'~OIA"t)
    w~e~ -Mc.w i.~ {.Wz. W\CA.~S .c.tow' ,.",:t~ of ~ too\\",~ wCIlt.e,r. T\.v.A.s
    (c.)

    ~<.'-\)

    -M ("'",- ~s )

    -::. - - - - - - -

    (h C,"".ov.'t - h""J \....)


    For +11.4 coo\\~ wo.te.r, V\e.w ~ "'~(.T). 1b~\ \.U\~ M~ .{n~ TA~le,
    ~c.w-::'

    -:.

    (l.li

    A-2E

    xro (,. LbJ~) (QU.1. - ("C\ .,,, ) 6,,"1 \b


    (4S.oct - .;1.8.08 ) 8~/llct

    S,~ Xl0 7

    -=

    Lb}h . .a-

    t-17

    fRO&<.cM 8.10
    I<k>OLc.)J:.,):

    WuAe.,v- is wov-biA9 flui4 lU

    QVl

    i~ Prob. e.~.

    ide.tJ\.( Rc<"..,kl~e. V<.jcle. "Pam..a.re. ~LVeM.

    ~: Plo! efAcltt ot +t...e ~~a.lIl'h't;es ea.lcu{Ctfu1. liA !'r()h. 81 VeA'~US ccntJ~ser pV'"('"utt!
    ra~i"'1 .from 0.4- +-0 J47 JbfltiA..'l.. !4fJ-,it+fA.lU COIIIS+av.:f sft:IAVVI WlttSS fldw ra..+e..
    :5c~...,MIy7tc..

    ~ltlf,O DBA ~

    Set: Sol,J.;hin,.. fo Prolt,lern 8.1.

    r.1SS"UMPTlO~S:

    see: )(fl"VVtf/e B./, a SSU ~ft..tnt.S 1- 4 .


    .1NM8SI.s: I~e. .fotLoUJ lV\q IT cotJ..e- is' u~ed fo dwe"lEJp ..u...e. d.P.:Je,.. fo.,. -rke.
    (' ~ u Wed piofs. ~ Me 'P('~$eM.Jru;{ .fo.r f/t..tL fwo I, "ilIA; rilItJ C!(A.~e ~ ,
    IT Code
    p1 = 1600 IIlbf/in. 2
    T1 = 1100 II of
    p2 1
    p3 = p2
    x3 0
    p4 p1
    mdot = 1.4E06
    Twin = 60
    Twout = 80

    =
    =
    =

    =
    =
    =

    h1 h_PT("Water/Steam". pt, T1)


    s1 s_PT("Water/Steam". pt, T1)
    h2s h_Ps('Water/Steam". p2, s2s)
    s2s = s1
    h3 = hsaCPx("Water/Steam", p3, x3)
    v3 = vsat_Px('Water/Steam", p3. x3)
    h4 = h3 + v3 * (p4 - p3) * (144/778)
    pw1 Psat_T("Water/Steam", Twin)
    hwin = hsaCPx("Water/Steam". pw1, 0)
    pw2 = Psat_T('Water/Steam", Twout)
    hwout = hsat_Px("Water/Steam". pw2. 0)

    Wcycle = mdot * h1 - h2s) - (h4 - h3


    Qin mdot * (h1 - h4)
    eta Wcycle / Qin
    0= mdot * (h2s - h3) + mdotw * (hwin - hwout)

    IT Results for p2

    =0.4 and 14.7Ibf/in2

    p2 (lbf/in2)
    h1 (Btu/lb)
    s1 (Btu/lb.R)
    h2s
    h3
    h4
    hwin
    hwout
    v3 (ft3/1b)
    Qin (Btu/h)
    Wcycle (Btu/h)
    eta
    mdotw (Ib/h)

    0.4
    1547
    1.631
    867.1
    40.49
    45.25
    27.63
    47.7
    0.01606
    2.103 x 109
    9.46 x 108
    0.4498
    5.765 x 107

    a-Ii

    14.7
    1547
    1.631
    1066
    180.4
    185.3
    27.63
    47.7
    0.01671
    1.907 X 109
    6.669 X 108
    0.3497
    6.178 X 107

    PR Of3lh'-t 8. 10 (Untf'd. )
    1E9

    Pt..OTS "

    9E8 8E8 -

    -:2

    --::s

    ~
    Q)

    "0

    \
    '<,

    <,

    ..

    ."~

    -~-------

    7E8 -

    --~--------------

    6E8 5E8 4E8 3E8 2E8 1E8 -

    10

    15

    p2 (lbf/in.2 )

    0.5 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    ._----

    0.4

    ----------------

    -~---------

    0.3

    0.2
    0.1

    O+-.,....--,r--r--r-,-,--,--.,....--,r--r--,--,.--,---,---!

    10

    15

    2
    )

    p2 (lbf/in.

    7E7 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .
    6E7
    5E7
    4E7

    ~I

    <5

    3E7

    -0

    2E7
    1E7

    10

    5
    2

    p2 (lbf/in.

    15

    -Ke ~lots tt,...oct ~S ~~ser P't~$SU.{~ ().e.c.V'~) ~ -P01JJeV" OtMr4


    ~Cij"ea..{~~ e.s l:ice~ -tw.. ~c.lL ~l\.\C<.l e{id<IA"1 . .pl.l("~) less eMe-v1~ ~ V'~Q..ok.J
    l\A ~ ~) ~C>.~ c.ool'n", wo:W+to~ -ro:fe ae.~V'~re5 Sll~~~. ~ Y'e&u.l.h
    ().Jre C(M.$l~ lAli.-\-l,.. ~ cli:{w~ Lot'\ of F<.5 B:f-(1)) \\.\ St,c. 8.2.3.

    Wt see

    frOM

    PI? oeu:~

    8.' I

    KNOWN:

    Wa.+e-v- is ~L,e. l.UO'l"IG,II\~ +//..lle{

    a1'\

    "11\

    ,d &A. I f?

    et ~b

    iAe ~ de. 'ba,fa. cue ~ I V-(.V\

    i", P('ob. 8 .' .


    ~: 'Plof eacl" of ~14e ~CAa.\A.+-;+;eS' ta.{c:.c..dQ.+.e-o( ~'" rprob. S.') veVSLlS S+efAVVI
    ~elAe.Yc(ft,(' rrt"s~lJ(,-l. Ya.~(~ .f1'oM 25'0 4-- 0 1.(000 I~fl'*"'~ t\1(.l.Ii4+~(1o\ C'Ol\.Sf.aM-+ ~bJ\1
    Mf..sS .(.Low rct.-k a.MJ ~fijtlAe I~let +-eMreramre.
    Scu-eJv.A.TIC 4 G=\ v'AJ t>1iA: 5 ee solu4..tq..,.. -10 Probl.e V"l BPi.
    ASs tJMPrtoN S: ${ie e'Ko..Mple. 8./ J a.$SI..LYWpticn1S 1- f.
    kN4k'{~($: See So Iu.-I-uivt -10 'Prob. 8./o..(o.,.Ji...e tr CfJJ..e-. ~e$uL.fs etre rp('e.t~KteJ he-tot.
    ..for ~ two I ~IMI+ i~ c.tA.ses.
    IT Results for p1 = 250 and 4000 Ibf/in 2

    pt (Ibflin2 )
    h1 (Btullb)
    s1 (Btu/lb.R)
    h2s
    h3
    h4
    hwin
    hwout
    v3 (ft3l1b)
    Oin (Btu/h)
    Wcycle (Btu/h)
    eta
    mdotw (Ib/h)

    250
    1581
    1.852
    1035
    69.58
    70.32
    27.63
    47.7
    0.01614
    2.115 x 109
    7.629 x 108
    0.3608
    6.734 x 107

    flOTS :

    4000
    1481
    1.497
    835.8
    69.58
    81.53
    27.63
    47.7
    0.01614
    1.96 X 109
    8.872 X 108
    0.4527
    5.343 X 107

    0.5 - - - . - - - - - - -

    -.,

    --------------~------

    0.4

    0.3 0.2
    0.1
    O+-..,--,---r--;--r---r---""'r--r-,--r-~,..___,.__,__r_l
    I
    I

    500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000


    p1 (lbf/in.2)

    1E9 - , . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    7E7
    6E7
    5E7

    9E8

    ..--_.".-------~----------

    .....
    /

    4E7 -

    <5

    3E7

    "0

    8E8

    -~~._---------------------------

    2E7
    1E7

    7E8 -f-,.....-,---,.---.-...,..-.,..---,-.,--.--,-....----,c--r-..---.---1
    o 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
    p1 (lbf/in.2 )

    0-t-"T""""""""[--r--'-"""-"""'---,--.-,-....----,r--r-..--.-I
    T
    ,
    o 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
    p1 (lbf/in.2)

    o-lO

    r1U>6L.EM s.u
    kNOWN~

    rz

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    .1'
    ~l.= "h,- 11-\:( ~,- ~ 7.~) -= ~ 51?1 - (.85)('3'575,7 _ 21 o7.B) ::. Z 32 8.0 )(.-r/~ ~ X
    R.w~) -hr0"tVl T~~\e A~"3, h~= I S/.S31,j/~ ) 'if3 = 1.00(04Xi0:3 M')IIc~. Tws
    '52.5 ~

    (I)

    '2.:

    ~4 = I Sl. 5?> k.I


    Ic~ -t

    -3 W\3
    ~ (100 -

    (l.ooc.4xIO )

    O. qo,

    ~'2.

    \ l-~
    OIO~)Ioa.v1 LOSiJ/~'a,11
    ,~~
    loJ N'~ /~.a2)

    ~ l'3.8 ~~/~

    t0C'w

    Y\..~ ("'\-"'1..) -(I.A~-L..~) :: (35 7 5 ., -232.8) - (l~3,B-1SI.S3)


    (~4 - 1A4-")
    ("3575.7 - 1" 3. '8)
    :

    '2.? S.4

    3~\\.q

    -:. O. 3b 1. 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - '1
    3-2(",

    PR00t..eM 8,lb (Cln1f'ol,)

    tb) rlAe da:~ ~ #t!- V~t.t.LveJ. plots a..re obta.A'K. U.sli.t~ I~ a 5 -Pollows :
    IT Code

    p1 = 100 II bar
    T1 =580 11C
    p2 = 0.06 II bar
    efCt 0.85
    efCp = 0.82

    h1 =h_PT(IWaterISteam", p1, T1)


    s1 = s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    h2s =h_Ps('WaterISteam", p2, s2s)
    s2s = s1

    IT Results for T 1 = 580C

    h2 =h1 - efCt * (h1 - h2s)


    h2 =hsat_Px(IWaterISteam", p2, x2)
    x2pct =x2 * 100
    p3 =p2
    h3 =hsat-Px(IWaterISteam", p3, 0)
    v3 =vsat_Px('WaterISteam", p3, 0)
    p4 p1
    h4 h3 + (v3 * (p4 - p3) * 100) I efCp

    h1 = 3575 kJ/kg
    S1 = 6.845 kJ/kg'K
    hz = 2328 kJ/kg
    hzs = 2108 kJ/kg
    h3 151 kJ/kg
    3
    V3= 0.001007 m /kg
    h, = 163.3 kJ/kg
    Q. / m = 3412 kJ/kg

    =
    =

    Wcycle

    In

    =(h1 - h2) - (h4 - h3)

    Vv

    I / m = 1235 kJ/kg

    cyce

    Xz =

    90.1 %
    11 = 0.362

    Qin = h1 - h4
    eta =Wcycle/Qin

    PLoTS '.
    96

    0.4
    0.35

    95

    0.3 94

    0.25 -

    ::R

    93

    0.2 -

    J(

    0.15 -

    92

    0.1
    91

    0.05 -

    90

    0
    580

    600

    620

    640

    660

    680

    700

    580

    600

    620

    640

    660

    680

    T1 (0C)

    T1 CC)

    K-27

    700

    ihe. \o.etA.\ 1(o.~k.~~ CAdcAe of- }>rcbl-e.Y\I\ 8.2. is M.oc:ll.f.l~~ +0 i"elude. ~-tl.te.
    -\uxv,HVse ~V..A ~u.\Mi> \l\.o..\le i'S.e..",+rCfic.. ef+-lGl(\\c.ies of 85' ~IAA 7S 0910 )
    r~pe.c+W~

    1)t.+eiM\V\Q..

    ~e. ~~r
    o.~

    SC#eM&TlC.

    (t.)

    tee ~ W\.aeli+\ect '-<1 de. (~) +t.te. ~MlA l e.UiC.I.e\\GC;1) {b)


    ~ow Me of s+eo..M -f.>r 6-- V\.tt POWeN" GV-~ ()f lOO ~\AJ)
    tk W\.t..~s +tow rq:te &~ c~er 'C6(l~j ki~.

    G-\VEN. t>M'A-~
    Qin

    ,.J
    o~
    O'

    _ _ _ _ .....J

    'S",

    Condenser

    Cooling
    water

    Pump

    L--.-+-_--:--"
    ~. \iq .
    I
    1
    .J)
    ~-~. 4 - -....3 o.t o.og ~

    'tlf.7

    Wp

    A-s'AUMPDoN't ~

    SlA.nte.. 0..4 Prob~

    B. 7.. ~e~et 1tT: 0.8 5 G\.~ ltP:' D.7.

    A1JAL'fSoI.S: Frot'\1 Probl-ewt S.2." hi: .3 3 'l8. Cf k.~/Jc, ~ h3 ::- /7'3.88 .I::.J"//:, .
    T~ Spe..c.tf~c.. e",,~P'j o:t ~t~fe ~ l s fo\A.~cl lMli..~ ~ +u.vbii"e. 'E!H-(C.I~",~

    ~ (W.f:/~) _

    It

    \, ,- ~~
    Yl,- \.h~

    CW-t.I~)s -

    =t> \''2. ~

    ~,-\'\t:( "',-h1.s)

    rrO'M 'PV't>'o~ B:2., '-'''Zo$:::' ~oB2." Ic::r/k.,. 7t.u.U~ h2, =. Z272..7 Ic.:rl"'. S\~l\o.r\~,
    #l~ Spe.('\~~CI ~~tP1- CLt S+-t~ l(- is -fou.1.Ul U.s\~ -tk fv..~ e-CG'~~CIj
    \1\

    , I.p

    =. (Wpl~

    )5 _ n... "i. -n3

    (\
    ,--W t> 1m)

    fro~ 'Pro'o\~M B.'2.) h't'!

    -\

    nit':. n 3

    h ..s -

    "'3

    h4- - "'~
    ~p
    = t81.94- ~~l~. Jb~) ~'i ::. 185, 3~ ~~)~.

    (0.) ~ ~~ ~H\(.\.e\l\.ttj

    'V\

    J..
    --,.;>

    \rl ':1c.\~ {oM

    G\n/-M

    = ('~3 't8,4 -

    is ..
    .
    -= w~J~ - w,./~
    G,;,..

    =.

    (~l- "" '2. ) -('.-l Lt- h.3 )


    ~I_"'~)

    2'2."l'2.,)- (1.8s:a~ - \.3.86)

    (3'3~B."t -tBs."SC1)

    Ch)

    \\-le.

    VV\Wi.S

    is ii\e-{e\"WI.\YU~J

    t-low

    ro:te.

    ~C'f\\.

    WUf1lc- ~

    'M

    'r\

    (33. b (0)<&

    :::. D,33h

    0+

    ~~~ ~

    0...

    fOW'V

    &v--\-6'v..t- of

    l~V~- wr/~1 :s.~l(~'''''1.)-[\~''-'':t)]

    1.00

    MW

    l~s I SO\V\~5

    -'uY-

    W~

    (Yt'-'-"'Z.)- (k~-h3\

    liDO

    ((3 ,tt8.Q -

    )(.\.0

    j3bOC>

    k'J"'/s )

    2.2.'11.,) - (

    le.5'.~ct -1'73.88)] It~/~

    I~

    .&

    .. 3.38 x(o s ~/ h .....I----------------~


    ((..) i~ 'YV\C4c;,s: .f.lo w
    0....

    or

    ~t-

    c.oo\

    ""':I

    \'A,JClt:\'e"",

    'IS

    ~ (h "2. - h, ) + --M c.w ( ~"Y\)c \AI - ~ 014+

    ~:.
    Cow

    V"~ie

    tolA.v.J
    J

    1v'~

    'W )

    W\(h~-~3)
    (
    hCW,O\A.t" -

    ~V\.~\'4!'

    \-tc,IAJ,\.t.,.)
    b+

    ~ tool\~j

    ~. 3 aXle 5 k.5/~) ('2.'2.""C 2..7 -

    WCll-\-'(Y'

    ~ Probklll\ 8. A.

    1'73.88)

    )cJ"/\c.:l

    (\'t~.~8 - G,2.t:tCl) k'J"/kj


    :. 8.48 x to"

    k'J I ~ ~.:ll__----------------:.

    These. rec\A.l:\-$ c..~\1\ be. c.~Me~ wi.~ ~~h +,b'M


    f>ro~\~M 8, '2. to see. So~ e~ o~ iyy-~eV'Stl4 \.\ iHes itA ~ +-u.-ib,~
    fAM.& ~u""'P e: ~ ,LtJ.t.tJ RQ,\I\k.llAe ~ cle..

    PROBLEM g. /B

    Wa:fer i-s tke WOflc..1.t~ flui.d '"/1\ a. Ra."lc.t~e. '-'1de. TIA.e. Con.d-elll~r
    sfeCAWI ~ ene raio p-rt"ss4.re s a ~ :specified as ;//\ 'Prohlem B. r;

    KNOWN:

    a. JA..d

    'PJof eo.ctt bf tke ~lA.ClK:l-i+ies co..~clA.l,ded litt ProbJeVVl 8.f J lj"cllA.d/~' (~


    the a.Y\tt1fj.si~ #u;dVfite fuvb,~~ "w:/. 'YIA~ eo.c~ k.tve iseKtr-"(>ie.-

    FIND:

    eft-tenc.ies sf (0.)

    '10%

    .1(1) loo/o/c.) 10/0.

    me.'.

    5e IfE.t1.e+I/C. S <0 I VW DA==TA: See Prob!


    MSuMPnONS: See Problem B.b) e)(cep+

    '1 e .. ~p

    <. JOc9D/o

    ANAl85I f. :

    For tkll. -fuJoblne :


    "'2.::

    h,- \.( hJ-~2S)

    1400 r----r-~-...___----r--___,_----r----,

    For fl<e ptAt1f:


    h'( ~ h,3+- v.; (Py-P,)/n.r
    ~ote

    tbt:

    a'k/~ : h,-I-t'f
    is O~~ S! i~ hH'j ~~e:-~eJ

    1200

    !i

    --]

    'E

    -.,

    p\ot

    ~t- Q,~I~

    TIt

    = TIp = 80%

    TIt

    TIt

    = TIp = 70%
    = TIp = 80%
    = TIp = 90%

    TIp

    TIp

    =
    =

    90%

    70%

    800
    600

    ~
    .::

    b~ lI\, I Sl"'ce ~'f varies


    m\~MtA.\\~. ~e.~e{ofe)
    '(\0

    1000

    TIt

    400
    200

    vs. T,

    is i lAd u.c.leJ.. .

    2400,..---,---...-------,r--------r----.---,
    2200

    TIt

    !i
    ~

    2000

    TIt

    II 1800

    1600

    :::l

    . Cl

    1400
    1200
    1000

    L . . . ,- - - "_

    ....L-_ _...I--_ _I....--...J

    ......J..._ _

    0.40 r----r-~-...___-----,------r----.----"]TIt

    0.35

    I=" 0.30

    TIp

    90 %

    -----I

    TIt

    = TIp = 80%

    ~----I

    TIt

    = TIp = 70%

    0.25

    0.201....-....L--_...I--_---"_ _......J..._ _-1----"


    360
    400
    440
    480
    520
    560

    Turbine inlet temperature -

    ~~o<.N:
    jf\.clvde

    ~;~

    th.A+

    +~e.

    Rec.",Ic..\\c,

    +~,.b'I1\~

    7 de 0"; P,.O"I~M 8.9 i s """o~-~'ec:l


    ~II-Q. ~~

    PIIIN\P eAC...

    Q.V\.c:l

    +c

    'S~""n..pl~<'

    ~ f~c.4Q(I\c'1
    88%.
    fINQ:
    {).e.w~~~ Co.) .-r~ ~t ('()\JJ-er' dev-e.vpedJ (10) f""-' ~1
    ~+ iv'.Io\~f--r 14 ...ft.- ~ o ... l<.iV\.J ..f<-v. cd. pet u'-n5 4-~IA~ ~ s~""
    ~ew..r(A.Jt,v) Cc,) -t~ +~.-,.,Jt -c.fh'CA.'e""-c..o; ) .. ""eI (d) ~ vcdv~lvl Co
    ..f'<o""V ~
    f'L.-.. c..ool"~ '-VA.W e ""'~,~" -t1- c(')/,~d ~n~r:

    SC~~LC

    4 ~\V~

    ~4TA:

    P,::, (1000

    l(,(:.l(...-=

    or- __ ~

    ;=-:::..=;.::..=-::..=-::..:;=> ~::." 00
    I
    r,--

    I
    Turbine ,,

    ~-_

    \1.+"",98-

    Condense,

    Y\p':.88
    4

    Wt

    I
    I
    I
    I
    ~

    __

    Pump

    ~.li,.

    /-~

    ~..-_... 1 \~~h~ ~

    ~SVMPnO#JS:

    6)C(.."e

    __./

    Sl).me "-S Probl-et'1 8.Cf)


    ltt'" l1p ::. O. e 8.

    ANAA,.'{SIS: ~"'~ Pro\)J.e\,\,\ s.~ ~ "'\ ~ (S ln.1 e~/lb,) $\::' {.("~1S" 6hA.11b .DR.
    ~~ ~3 ~ (o<::t.'
    8~/l'o. ~ .5pe.iHc. ev\'~l).l,~
    s~-k 2. lS 1o\A.~ v..s~~ 1""c.

    "'*

    '*

    tUK1()\'ihe e~.k~le",-c'j
    _\.'W,,=I ~ )

    \1.-,:- -

    (W...1~ ) S

    \-\, -~ 'a.
    2

    ""', _\.\

    =t>

    1.10

    1L-t ("'.- \1%"$ )

    \-\2.::' hI -

    Prob\q.V\I\, 8.' a 'h1.~ ': CUt... 6~/\\a. ""-u,c;. > h .. : q~?fp 6N./lb. S\~\\AY'l'1)
    ~e Sfec.tHc. e~~\p~ ~ s~e If is ~~ u.s\iA~ ~ f\A.lfoA(' e""lClt.~
    'lIL :. (Wf>/~ h
    = "''tS - ~.s .s-; l.t :. h + (h - h }jJ.

    Ftc"",

    -'Y (Wfl~)

    l-,'t-t.'3

    It

    't'

    FroM ?rob\em 8.'\ .. n't~ ~ 11(.$'1.. 5~/lb T\u..-s) h'(: 1~11

    '\.f"

    6'""-/11:>.

    (4) The. l1e t powe-or o.e.ve.lopu{ is


    'Wc.~c.Le >: ~ (CLt, -~~l - ("''4 - h s

    ll :: Clti)c 10' ~) teISl{1.1-'t~1.~ )-(1S.I1- (i('1"\))


    ~

    Xt0 6 6~/k'!lt"
    ~-te.c...M. ~lI\.e.,",AkEl1' i~

    ~~

    117

    tb) i~e ~eOl.t -h"Q.I\,fe", yCt~(. ~y \iA4.


    QiK: ",(k,-k\C) -:.(I.'tXlO" IhI"')( 15'41.1-1$,(1 H1tv.1lb
    .... 2.0(,4
    (Co)

    The!. +tt..o..'(~

    Xto Cl B~/'" ...4-------------~~

    ef.(.\c. i~\A~ t~

    \\.:: We;tc.te _ 7,11 Y-t0 8 _

    Go,,,, -

    (4)

    T\u. 'M.G'.e:,s f\o~


    -Mt..\IoI -e,

    ~(

    ;Z,Olll.X(O-"

    .,.CL'tJ:l

    '" -a.-

    o~

    "'-'3 )

    -:.O\(,.o4.ft3/

    0, )

    .~11 ~1.1 ~

    c.ooh'''''S

    hc."".o\4t - \I\c,w"",

    VJ;"",~w=-'Uf(~~)

    ...~r------------~!L,

    WG\.\.-Q.-r ~oWj"" ~ ~e't" ~

    (1.4 )lto'" Lltl ~) ( q~l. ~ (,"l9.oC\ -

    ("C\."t'() '\u[~b

    '2..8.08H~~/lb

    LiDO

    ~\Io'\J~1

    ':l

    I.Oll "'0" lfM\14

    lb ) ~V"') :~vJ'tW\cw:' n/n~ Wjl"\\~..,

    3-3/

    (1tv:)(.M,)

    s.zc

    rRoe~

    KNOWN:

    The. c.~c.le. e* P("c)be\'Y\ B.ttt is ~l>~ifiee;f 10 Il..c.l",de. ct-u....".H(,..., valliE.


    behvu.~ ~ Sfe.a.M geHer-a. for Q.nd +l-te h,u"luNe. .i1/et.

    EI N D:.

    Re pea,f file GH\t1L'j si

    SCHeMATiG

    GrL\lUJ l?MA:

    1~"~1. ~~

    {(poo

    11.\00

    l(

    r-.

    'l4

    rr--

    _ _ _ _ ......l

    I
    [

    I
    I

    Condenser

    h Q -::.

    .98

    p
    lump

    :
    _ _-,I

    L:: - -

    ~Q.t.

    ASS VOOprLOIJ $: Sq,t1'1~ <1.S Pr--oble.I\'1 8./9. A-(~o.)


    pr-oce'Ws M('O~S".fc.C. VtA-(V<IL l.s A. fkf'()#h~(J
    prr;cess.

    AN.4LYSI's: Fro~

    -' -

    hOOF
    Cooling
    water

    ProbleM 8. tlfj h,:: (S<{11 8~/lbJ ~3:: (p~'7Y

    =",

    lit,

    U~fli",&.

    81/11:>,1 o.~

    hf/ ='5.n 8"'"'1". FUY'f~eY".1 h,'


    = (541.? 8kAII". rnfer-po/~+,'I;\,;11 Table A-lfE;
    s.. = I,l.'l$"3 Sf\4/lb DR.
    The. spec. t~iG eYl~lp'j ,t S~te. 2.is fov...J1.d. USll1'. +he -lu..r-b.nQ. e",c,ielttCAj
    _lW-l:./~

    l1.t -(w

    -t

    h l' - h7..

    '2.5

    I'

    U~I~j' kfa. .frOV\1 -ra~/e .4-3 ~


    Ihu.s.> h2. =qqC{. Lf ( &.Ju./I b .
    (a.)

    =t> ~2.::hli

    1'6\)' = h -h'

    )(-z.s

    -'1-h(h. , - h "$)

    :::.(530"i.s.f)/Sf9~ =o,g{'Il )4""c.L hzs-=.qt&,'lCD Bkt/tb

    The. n.e+ row~ d~veAtDrte J ;6


    W<.yeLe. = Vh ((1 1,

    ~~) -(h.,-h~)l ={.'tXloh~)[(ISC<l,l-qq~.(H)-(7S.11 .. ,,~.74ilBr~

    = 1.(,10 X/De Bittl In ~


    (b) Th hea.,+ +ranster nde for +-he.. 5-1ea,M jertearcdor is
    Qi~ : :. w. (I'l, -1",,) ::. (I. &f 'XI 0'-)( (5'0. 7 -15.11) 8J.u/ ll-:"
    ~ 2.0<.2.. )etD 9 0kc./ h "'~I-(c)

    -rk( +kei"mcd etk'GielllC.c.f i.s

    Wc.~d~. -:.

    }) =.

    (d) -rV\e.

    ~"'"

    V\'\tUi.S

    W\c.w -

    1.(,10 x/o

    Wl(ltl...hew oU+ -

    \aJ\~

    ::

    0,31)..

    2.0(,"2. X I oCf

    .flow

    ro.;fQ.

    C~l.:;l o{o)

    0+ coohV11 wo*e'l"'

    h3)
    "'"'C~ ,"'"

    ~~

    A'

    .....
    c!!~----------~

    +lI\.l('0""'1 ~ +ita

    cowl.e,~se r ~s

    Q.Lt)qo" LL,'~)(qqCf.1{1 -(,'\.'1'1) ~\u.Jlb _ lOl 0

    _.

    'tTc.vJ -: tJf(.(.,oOF) .: 0 .DUDOlt

    Wc~c.lc...

    .-

    (is.oct - ;l.8.o8)6~/\1o 1"()YI'\\\I\/~ I

    , 1 )(10

    #~I \6 ~\i) :=. trGW ~ t..w = (,T~O)(: 10 f +t3/yY..\~ o(!


    J

    10

    1'1
    .
    ~WIo\IiI.\
    @.\r)~w

    The pn~Clr'1 ~ et- tv.~ .f',\('otthlA~ Vo.\VQ 'i s +0 ('-e~ce. '#.Q..1v.\"\o\~


    WO('~. 1'N..~ ~~ o, ~ec,nuJ..Se ,II\. ~e(VW4l eo1c.\~~ ~","J. ~\\ \\..1 c,ye.o.se. \lA +~e. r~

    6t- c..ooh"'~

    w~V"' ~O\ ~wreA..

    ?-3Z

    P~Of3LE.M 8. Z I

    is +"-'e. wo"k. ,\,,~ f.lv...l.c:{ ,'\1\


    vo.po-r powv pICt\A..-t. 'Pa.to. a. Y".e, known
    IOCa.+lO)\ ~~cl tke mtLss flew rose: ,'s ~ \V~lA.

    I~NOWN: WAA&r

    Colt

    VCt-Y'IOl.l.S

    #..,

    ~: J)~+e~'M'\I\e. (~)

    t""eYf\'wJ e~ic,e~~~(c) ~e
    'flUe of ~~o..:t +Co.M.S~", from +he. hi.-\e. c.o~V\~c-h~ ~e. st<A.W\.jeM..e--r~ o.tv.d
    -lite.. tv..V~I"'e.~ tVoAc.l(Ol) -tlhe ~ss flow '(a.A~ &~ UJY\JeM.5lf cool;",~ w~
    SC{.fEJMnc.
    Erl v EN bA-TA ~

    fke.

    V\e+

    powe('ol).frv.t~ ~b)

    Condenser

    M>SVMP1'l0NS

    ~--+

    ~( I) Ectc~ Com pone ~-t- i s ~ ~t(IJ't. e.t{ I.~

    0.+

    Pump

    _ _~/.c;..~::-'
    '\

    o,

    1--1oo..-.,-- IS c
    Cooling
    water

    =:rl--'

    ~--

    PI(

    =-

    Pt;1-

    (1
    t: ;: 3" c
    s. 88 ~~~,,---4 '4,

    f'

    s+~o..~ ~~te. <,,2.) '1~~ +u,v'o\~~ ~


    1>~~ ~~e. o..d.tAla~-h.~U~ (3) KI~e;t~ 1) o+.e"",f-la.(
    elAev~l:j eUeds Cl.t' lI\~llS i11e.. <'Lf) f'or- ~ <:ooll~ ~

    co\1-h-ol volM.'t\te

    ~Ssu..'MQ... ~""XI ~f c,.) .

    AtvA-L-'{SlS ~ FI

    rs+

    oJ

    (.0< ea.ck C!'.f tf,..e.. (' n i1c.vp a( S~S.

    ~fe.l \ fi-:::' BMPO-,


    ~

    z.:

    f1.

    ':1

    7i:

    7bM Pel.- )

    "'BoDe

    h::' 4"1o

    '=t>

    Oc

    hi:' 33't8.l.f kJ"/(~ ~

    oS, : (".bS8b

    "Yl+~""polQ.+1 s i"1 TAiole A-if ..;


    h'2..~ '2,52.3 r.,J"/Ic.,,1 Sz.::,c.5S'2." lc.::r/ ~.K

    0..+

    sWe 3: 5~ ~ is .f.\:x.~ u.s~~ tk -hM\:H~e e ~lC.\ ~\\(.Cj' F\rst,


    Sas -:,s'L ~ ".s~z.Co :t> )(3':::' O.1a7 J h 3 5 :. '<075,0 ~::r/~. Tku.s

    '\1~ :.l~tiM)

    (W~/W\\s

    h.s.- ~~ :t>

    :.

    Ic:rlk,.l<;

    V\'1--,",\~

    f3:: fO 1< Ptl.-)

    ~ ~ ~ h~ - Y\~( ~,.- \.t 'as)


    '::I 1. 21~13
    k.J'/~

    FUK~~V't Wl+\.t.. ~'3:' 2.2.lCo,~ ~::s/k.5 j X 3 -::. .8'1W1 ~ 6 3 :' ~.q'iS8 "S/~.~
    S-\-o..ke Lt : 'P'1:: 8 K pc..,
    ? T'f -:. ~bC. ~ h"'f o:r. h.;. C.T~) :::. 150. Blo lc.:r I~

    .s-hA-k 5 ~ h5~~ Vl'i-r

    tr't

    c.ps -?'i)
    It

    :5

    {lOS

    : ISo.8b + \!.OCb3 ~(O ~) ( Sb.-. ce) bevs \


    :: / ~O. Sf> r
    B.CP\(" :. I Stl. 51 ~/(c.s

    lhu.s J v-.~~",~ -r\...e. f""\M.p e~\c.ie.V\CAj


    "v\ :: (~? (M ) ~ ::. h s ) - h't
    'P

    (\N? 10M )

    hs

    - ""'t

    tJ1Wl2.\(
    \)W'" J

    \ \c.3'
    \
    N'W\)

    \01

    P!<O&Efv1
    (6.)

    6. 2.1

    CM1.t d.)

    10 defe,vW\I~e. -H-te..

    u se e.V\e ...~~ ovw.t ~ IofAlaMu,s W


    ~rrol volM~! . sVvvrc9~ ~ +t.wloo/..e CfAtct f/IAVVf ..jc) ~

    &

    V\~f powe-r

    oe.tfpwt)

    lVe.

    W~ ~ 'Nt-W p =- ~ ((~~ k 1 ) -(~s- ~4)]

    lfJ. ~e.,y+t ~ 5

    \J~

    W~ -:.~q.$3~) [(32S2.~-2"b.3)- (Il>O.(,,'l-ISO.9b)] g


    - ,--

    8./bl Xl04 1c.\J

    e,

    k~

    ~.

    I ,

    IC.WI

    II:J/S

    W_~C<e

    (b) Ike. +ken'V\etl e-\c..l.w.~ is

    ~: w~::.
    a . ~

    8.1 "l XI o4f

    w~
    "'" (h ,- ~s")

    : D. 3ZZ ( 32. Z.

    %) ..
    ~

    Vl

    'Fo'(' ~ CO"VI.tcol voLuw.C,. elAclos'I\l\j +\tt4!.. ll~e c.oV\V\ecft~j +\.Ae .rle.o..V\I\


    <3 e V\eV'oJo(' fMNJ.. +1M.
    b'"11\ e,

    (C)

    +utr

    ,
    Q\\"c.

    D=-a,-\"'t.

    +W1(~,-~'L\

    ~ ~(~,--~I) ~~.,.S3Y)(32S2.'3-3348If)!q J k'vJ,


    '1
    "1 1 k~ .s
    =- - 7' ~ 3 kW .....
    "iI

    ~61I.~~

    (cL) The M4.~S -tLow ra..t.Q. of uolt ~~ w ~ is +owv..J-ko-M.


    . ~o .rr"
    o =pt,,-)XI
    +- ~
    c.

    or

    VV\'vJ

    EroVY'l

    T~bl.e.

    -Mc.w

    (hCW'l~ - ~cwlouk ')

    ~ m("'~-~4)
    (~'vlIOv..t - ~Cw.l" ')
    A-

    2..

    ~ ~ c.vJ )Ollo.t ~

    ~5e.vh~ v~Lues

    (~~ -~4) +-

    "'.f( ~ SOc.): 14b.l98

    Ic.~t~ CiJvlJ. ~ew,i'"~ ~+( 15'C): b2.~'l JJ/~.

    _ (..
    k3 ) (2.21'.3 - /50.8") _ )
    ~c.~
    (1'1.53, (I4b.C98- Co2.C}Cf) - Iq~3 kS S""~--------

    VV\'w-

    The ic{e~ l2o..",k~ .... e, '-'jc(e of 'P((Jo.8.<i is 'M.~'(i~ +0 .'V\CWe t~ effects


    e+ WLC.-tlO"\.\ llA +ke. IllAe UH'\IA('.Cft~j ~e. ~AAW\jQM..Uo.~ te> +ke +u.yb\iAe) +k.L
    ~e,V'"') w..d tke.. SktLV\I\ ~~.
    F/vYD: 'J)e-teV-MI'V\(.. +o-r +~1v\,oz:ll+led ~ele (0,.) -H-te fi\~t PI!>W~ d.-eI)-;lop~J (b)..J{-e
    K:tJot..UfJ:

    -f'kur'M~, etfl'CL-eM~) (c.) -H1e ~ ~e) ~


    wa;fe"v- IIA ~ ~\t-S'e('.

    (cJ,.)

    #1...e. ~~ -t~ow raJe sf cooll~j

    SCUEM#r/C. , G IVIJ 'DMA:

    {toOO

    I~h;" '2,.

    {SOO \~liV\'2..

    "'5:: noo IWoU",--:

    ''1
    \.4

    1 Ib.J.11

    t=__

    Pump

    L....--+-

    Condenser

    ..;....._.~/-"

    ~l..-_

    11-10_Cooling
    waler

    hOOF

    P., ::..6 llffl.;' ~


    7'1 ~ qOoF

    't

    ASS()MPTlOt.JS: (I) e~cl-t COW'-PoY'ot.IA-f: is ~l;\.~l'jz.e.cJ ~s a. (OVl1rol


    Vo{,t.(.~e cd- s+~ skfe. .(t.) T~~ ~blV.C. ~ pv..~ -re.yMe
    ~~tU-(C.G(t~ ~ V'~I/e,y$i1\:1' (3) Kl"'e{..ic ~ ~+i~ e,,,,e.r9~

    t~~ Me \l\e.~ 1I1\1\e .l4) for +~ c.ool\~j weo\W') a.sw.Y\ItL hew'. ~fC.T).
    AtvM-..' SIS: F~J t-0c ~~ of o/I..L ~'(l~C.lp~l s.~s.
    Side I : r. -; I~o() 1~.f"~~.1 T,:. ((0() I>F + ~\ -: 1541.7 B~/lb 5 :: 1.~)1 ~ ef1A/I(,. -e
    ."t
    I
    SM~ 2. '. P2,. = (Sao ''-$.1'11. J T'I.... IGOO Of .::::t> \-\'2,.:: N"\v. '1 8l-u/l~ > 51.-= l.<DOOl(8kA. / lb. OR
    /)ro)

    S-JcM..e.

    3:

    13 t,o

    'b.f/IW,1-) 'a-::Sz ~
    ?<.3

    ~ 53 - S _
    sf~ -

    -0./3Z7 _
    1.8453
    ... 0:7'15

    (,11001(

    \.--,~:: "'++)(3 \..~:: bCf,14t~:7'tS)(f03'.o) = 8')3.4 ~~/lb

    CAM.c.O.

    ~kk4: 'P1=o.8 l~lt~~J T.,.-=''1oF =t> h'fo~

    hf(liOOP) ::

    SS,D7 B4-0./lb

    5~ ~ Sf (CloOF) : 0./1/7 6hl/l b OR

    -v;,. ~ 'i (,o,e) :: 0,01"'(0 ++3/lb


    sWe 5 ~ ~S ~ ~4 + ~ (rs -P4f- '):: 58.01 ~ ~(O,Olblo f)((fACi.1.'t~) jl4ttji"t,1I17~6t~1
    :: lDS.I~ J;k.t II b
    @.)

    -rke. ne:r- pow~'f d.-e.velopeJ IS

    W~ct~: Wi,-Wp : ~ ~~2.-~~)-(~s-~)J


    =(1.4)0"

    1f>/~)t(tt{qO.~ -8et3.4)- ('~.C}-58.07)J~

    f3~/kd1"".-------------------r
    ~c.;w~ is

    :: g.1.&<O x/oS
    (b) The #.t-,,~
    w~

    V\..-

    _ w~

    a:: - ~(~I-""S)

    g, ~<O~<l08

    -(1.4)(tO~)((5t(1.1-~1..("~)

    _ i . "Z. C6~ ~
    - 1.. .. 0"1~ ~

    l0 ~
    (oct

    -::.O.1q~"1

    a )

    (1'1.<l1% 4-~

    )/1

    r\..

    PeD8L.E.M 8. '2.'2.

    (C"",t'el)

    (c) Us,Vt~ ~lI.e JektA~+I01A &\A- P~.37"J

    V\

    ec4-) ::

    raJ-e.

    -9\~

    VV~

    ::

    fu Mcd- ~ is
    2.01 g )<.10' ekt/ k
    343 ek.tJ~

    ~. tSHo X I 0 8

    6j.v.1 k

    :: ~SS"'t 8J-u I k~ '"

    4.

    I Ie

    w 'I

    h_~+~

    'PROBLEM 8,23
    KNoWN: SfeAd1- S+.de Op .. t'"A-h''''''j d4..+~ o..rc., p(,o~"cI~c:i f'cr 0.. vtJ./Dor
    powor plQ.nt
    ~
    """'~c'" s~ .. e'l(,'h +~(" +"... bi..,~ AS ~ f-t.vt> -p""-ASe..
    l ''iv:4- ".., or 1M. i ~ h".t' e _7 te W\ I'~r" /t...,,~ T) Gl" c:l. Co", d~ '" ~ A,1-c.. e 'rC ,'of.s ; ~c...
    co .. cl.",s... _+- S 4> F lo<.Uer
    T.
    '::,....,1>: c,.) fU... T: aoF." d4lk,,,,-',,,c +e..- s+<_""" eruIII1,'-f; 4'\.++~ +~yj,,'ke.

    *".",

    fl."""v-o..f-t)t1"" f".- cycle ilte"H.4.~ t.f,",'CA'-e""ry. C,,) 'Plo+


    1u~",~'h"~t of (A.) verr""r l
    rt>..""01~' ..fVo",,"- 80 +0 10 sol="".

    t'i4t.)

    +c....

    +'--

    ""AU'

    SCH'tMATlC c:e~1 VE:iV J)A7~:

    ASSIIMPTIONt:
    (,00

    \.

    'ltIf,.;,- ,,"4

    Co .. iv"ol

    loooOF

    e,-,\clc:>si"'j

    \1O(U'""'f't'

    ~ ~ pn..i.~(.,.\PAr\

    eo,,,,-

    c.o_PO/l1 fOot fs

    ;, At

    S~Ad1

    s+A.te-.
    2. Th~ ru-p ",,,,cl ~,c"tle

    ~=qo%

    Ad..:...b '" hu. Ily.


    ~l",e hc./pokH h o-t e

    OP-4!t"Ak.

    YIp':. 10%

    ~.

    Wl\d -:/HW

    ~. Co '" ~e '" ~ '"t (' e--t.. -h + c....., c:.o '"~ e 1'\ S~ r:


    a,,,,c! e",~(r +Lv P"""f o.s SAt . ..l.t4 v ' c! .

    "arusy

    c.DVo IN

    ,,~()((>cl.

    s:
    AIoot... L."'CS.IS,

    hI -:

    of 4-~

    Frr..s+ fnc eAt'"

    'SIr. 8' ~\1.." b I

    Xz.s:: Sl-~~

    c.\p'"

    ,-= 111 SJ "B+u../ Ib' oR.

    I'T/SS"- o.oct3J2.

    ':.

    ~-+

    PA.\'lI\

    203 S'<.- 0.0,311.

    ~+.....J.,.s

    T"'e", ,

    ~r

    Ual'~

    T= fl60F:

    S2,S

    fYo_ 71o&1~ 14 -I/-

    =5, .)l~ d ...-n..~~

    7A.h/e A-2.G',)

    = Oi3S' ~ t,z.s~ +~.", "'<'O.8'3~(lO~k.~}:. Cf2.3.4 8~1.h

    T"e!'\{ u..:-h-

    V\t. ~

    h 1- I'll. ~

    Lt1.:'

    hi - ~ t

    011

    -ltu) -:: I S'118 -

    O.q (ISI7.8-Cf2'3.'#-):

    if i2. ~ B~II&

    \.\, - "'2.S

    ~ ~z. ":. ~- h.l ~ ~ 8'28 -'#-i.Oli:"


    \f\~o
    10"'~:~
    Ai s~~.)

    ,,~S-

    43.ti

    a~ + v... 010 I ~X,oo

    -u;-

    t"

    Y\o~ \\'t-~ - 113

    :!)

    ,ID

    - O.+~\

    l* \ 144, ..2. \\ I 13~


    1-=
    \ ..f11..
    ffl.fi/bf

    "'" P

    1"~l' "'"ud .. +ft-ci. '" ')' ~

    weI w. _

    &"",/w...
    TN ~" ~vJ ~ .14
    ~ -=
    \N~.+

    l""t/";)-l~p/l4a)

    +w

    P4-- P l ) J or

    #.4:f ~-kr.Jb,

    ~'" -: ~1 T (~'H-"'1)= 43.l4 \ 44-: 'l- 41.1) z: 4-S.4- ShY /b.

    ~-t.J ~ -

    rhe c1~

    l-J'l-S ~ Y\3 ~ Vol (

    ') " l\ 'l.

    \0\ '1- h,3


    T"-

    ........ - -

    ~3:: ~ (rS'F) = 43. \ Q ~J 10 . Too)

    "l"'"~" ( e,a, "-\1-

    o. &Q2.

    :.

    fu. r<1v.,w~ r[ofs

    c.
    obml ~cl

    41000

    (l-ll - 'u) - (1I1'f. - ~J) ': ~srf.~ -cttJ,.8)-{ 'l-S.If-~.1)


    lS'lTg - a+S'.'f
    '-\1 - ""'I-

    (.100 Ie- w) 1~4::~tu/~


    (532.7 B~J~)
    a.Ke..

    o(,~l.\ul

    USI

    ~j I TJ

    l -=

    ClS

    ~.+,~(o'3

    Fv(;Lcws:

    it-

    =O.3b2......

    8'.23

    PI?013LCI--(

    (Ctrntd.)

    IT Code

    IT Results for T 1 = 80F

    p1 = 600 Illbf/in. 2
    T1 = 1000 II of
    T2 =80
    T3 = T2 - 5
    p3= p2
    p4 = p1
    efft = 0.9
    effp = 0.8
    Wdotcycle = 1 * 1000 * 3413 II Btu/h

    h1
    h2
    h3
    h4

    = 1518 Btu/lb
    = 982.9 Btu/lb
    = 42.67 Btu/lb
    = 44.9 Btu/lb
    x2 = 0.8919
    11 = 0.3616
    m = 6409 Ib/h

    rLOTS:

    h1 = h_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1)


    s1 = s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    p2 = Psat_T("WaterIStea m", T2)
    h2s = h_Ps('WaterISteam", p2, s1)
    h2 = h1 - (h1 - h2s) * efft
    x2 = x_hP("WaterISteam", h2, p2)
    psat = PsaLT("WaterISteam", T3)
    h3 = hsaLPx("WaterISteam", psat, 0)
    v3 = vsat_Px('WaterISteam", psat, 0)
    h4 = h3 + v3 * (p4 - p3) * (144 I 778) /
    effp

    0.9
    0.8

    ><
    0.7
    0.6

    Wcycle = (h1 - h2) - (h4 - h3)


    eta = Wcycle I (h1 - h4)
    Wdotcycle = mdot * (Wcycle)

    0.5
    80

    85

    90

    95

    100

    105

    T2 (OF)

    7000
    0.36
    0.32 -

    6000 -

    0.28 -

    5000 -

    0.24 ~

    --2'

    0.2

    ::9

    0.16

    0.12

    4000
    3000
    2000

    0.08
    1000 -

    0.04

    0
    80

    85

    90
    T2 (OF)

    95

    100

    105

    80

    85

    90
    T2 rF)

    95

    100

    105

    PRo13ce..M 8.24

    Wal(?;v i! +I1e work.J~9 .flu,itt "1;\ ~ SIWy>J.e v~Cf foc..oer fla. ....-t . ~
    a.re. t:.","owV\ a.f van ias loccd~.

    (<NOWtJ.:

    lVork. pru"u+IMC<.~5(!)f skA.~How.<,b) +f,..e h~ed


    fro.V1ffer ~t'"U.Mt ~~ 6f 5fe4Wl pCHsli-!9 -f/A.roWj'" -ilce boiler-, (c) !lA.e

    DefeY'MIYte.Co.) tke i't.e.t

    fherMC< { eff.Cle/A.c/d J (lH..d (d) fl,.,e. ~e~t 1'ritllls-fer per l..4H-it Yl,{Ars of ~k4M
    pas,sliAj +hro~k t~ COM.d~~e....
    Qi..... P,=- ISMPo..::> ISohtty

    ~ ~ll/cN PAolA:

    5ClA-MMIL

    ---1;;"5"~~~~~;.~
    )-#--+~ .TUrbin"e
    I
    .1"<', ~ .:';,'
    --

    rl-t=D.a:2.
    I'

    --=----" W

    ...

    Condenser

    Cooling
    water

    L::__

    ~ = 0.045 barT3 = 2 (, I!>c...

    f" :;: 18.2. ""pA.I~_~----"'3

    \p:' 0:17

    fACiA. COYl-lro( V'c{u.rne Sf;tOWIl i5 a..t s+ea.tI..y sfe,..-fe.C2l T~e 1u.V.bI~


    c~rCLte o..clt'a.b~f.LUl\\~.('3) 1<1 iAe+lc, 0. ~ rotekt,().. ( evtef5" e~cAs
    CtMtt b<L VtejlecfeJ.

    AS5VMPTIQNS~(I)

    o.tMt tl\e rv.M~

    AtJAt85lS.'.
    ~tde t :

    F,rst, f.llC eocl C>t fke.

    pnittc.tp~l

    ~ -=-,t!>o

    hi =. 3L1L.14.J-f k~/~ J s.:' ~.Lf3q2Icr/kj"K.


    Sz,s =-s, =t> Xz. s = 0,757830,) hz'S= nez. ~II~

    hay

    s4--des.

    ~:: 5boOc ~

    .s+cde.~: F'Y-5tJ P2 :::0.0" loCW'J Clttd


    USIi\~ +k.e. fu,"'~I~C2. e(tcc.;(:VJc'(f ) ~ = (111-1-,2.)/(11 1 - "' 1.$ ) ' ThtAS
    h'2,= h,-~~(h,-h1.s) ::.22'i5.(P Ic::rIIUj

    S+Ct,~ 3: Fro~-l Tafo/~ ~ - 2) f3 >

    r.:

    @.;lhOC'tw.:.) s~fe 3 is C4. S cAo ~c.coll~ef


    ,~tU",( STV'-Te. SIIAC.e.fk,i. fY"~SU.~ ts low) V13~ I'1f@.).hoC': JoC,,07 [cJ"J'J

    va ~~() ~ec = I.Co32.XlO-

    l/Vl

    stafe.4.: fjfS+ J hits -x-1,3+-1J;CPq-J>s)


    ::' /09.D7

    1/Cij '
    3

    k:r/k-+-(I.OO'J2XtO- ~

    "=-9

    '-J

    )(181-0,Ol.ls)b

    10 S N

    Irn ~I
    wr

    kT1
    ...

    --=1~-.

    10

    N'~

    :. ,,....,. '3 z, 1c.7/IUj

    U.Si~j +~e. 1l.4..~ e(ft"cievtc~ J J1 p : (k4S'-hl)/(~'(-k'3). Tk.us


    CA)

    1~e..

    hI(- :. /tI~ + (hfjs-k~)/~p


    vte+ wo r 1< p e\'" vtit+ 'Ylo\Cl.~S of
    ~

    "

    W '"l:\ de, :. \/\It - ~


    ~
    W\ W\

    :=

    132.78 I<J/~

    s.j..e(A~ fLcvJ is

    :: (h, - hz.) - 0" ~ - '" 1 )

    = (,t.t&.tlf.L.f-2245.fD)-(r32.,8-loet,Oi).
    ::. 117S.1 k J (/CS ~

    Lb\ For to 11\

    Wtljd~ {~

    +:0( v~l(A.me. evtdOSlkj +~e 6+e~Wl fCtSSI it., 'fLtrollVjh .flu. be>iler
    Q,~
    -

    vV\

    _'
    -

    \1\

    '

    -nl.f

    PR()6teM

    Tkus

    6. 2'+ C~~fd)

    &I~
    Wt = (B4<{l/.'1-/3'2.78 ) ~J"I l<~
    :: 33 I I (p k.::r {Ic.j "EI-ar-------------------:..;-""---

    (e-) -rhL. +neY~( ef+(Gf~lA(J is


    '\II =. W~c.(-e. 10M _ II,S"

    Qli~{ r\.,

    r\

    3311.~

    - O.

    (~) TVt keC\.t -tro.~.s+<.("" +0 COOll~~


    'P~f ~ of SteCtM ~s.e& is

    <Qo~ =- Vi _~
    1M

    'Z..

    3~ 3-5: 5 %L~

    wectev

    faS"s'~1 +k(OIA.1~

    ::'~2.4 'S.b -/0'1.01) Ie-rile,


    :: 2/3fD. S \c.~ (/Cj ..,..,

    +"'e ~e~

    PR 06.&4-1 B. 25

    Tn~ +lA.r'c>\~e. \V\\~t +~V\I\.p~rQ.-k,.c.\"e. o.",:J c.oY\&.~V\!>e'(" r~nu.r<. ~


    spec.i~'~e{ \\-\ +kt. rv.eh-~\", clvo'j c:Ae\.1 \f\ o~ CA. "A.pO~ power f\~'-'t
    w,*, wA.te~ o..~ +ki work~",CJ ~t\A-\6.. Tke. -tuvb ;V\~ e~lc.ieV\Uf

    i s ~ l ~ 0 \c. \I\.Ow V\

    [)e+e~t\l\e. fu $~\M. '~\I\tvQ.-4 p~ess\l'4- r~.\u.Vrc.J i-T- ~e. ~\.\Al"~


    ~t

    +k

    ~i~e.. e.,,~+ YnlA.\+ be

    t g\ ve.~

    ctt

    DitTA ~

    }~a.~t qo<>(o.

    "T, = 52.0 -c
    I

    P2,= O.ob bq,w)(:2. ~

    0.'10

    -t.

    A-ssVMPTlOtJS~ (l) T\-\e. c.o'Atrol 'lcl\A.Me \5 ct+ 6~M~ S+o,.ie.(2.1 "",e. tuxbu\e
    c'p~t",des o..~\A"'Ahc.q,l~ (~) K\ne1-l'- ~'i\.el fo+e.V\Ho.l e.~e.V'9~ effec+S a.ye
    n li ~ \ ~le .

    c.s

    ANA; '(SiS: For tl~c.A hvlo,~~

    lilt let +<'\M.~V"~l'c) iW. v~ of +tMtb\lAe e~d ~~);x~


    de.c.-reCt~es a.s +uYh'IIle \Ih\.e.+- p"t~s\.t(~ 'P. .~ \v..C(~e&.. A tria.( ~ ecro: r'(oc~~re C4M. '
    (]) Y>e. u~e.tl +0 hV\tA 1, Ch'Nespo~ k1 to' X'L": 10
    rAS;"~ tuble AA~. A-1+ev~lve~
    ~ ~t~vJ\~\ \T ce-8.~ ~ ~~ u.se4io SvJ~.ep r\ f'roY'v' ~o btM"" +0 L'2.0W ~ )
    cl-Ww..lilAe.. ~ coaec ~tI\.t:l< IA ~ Vttl..u.eP
    '1<1..
    %

    ot

    IT Code

    =
    =
    =

    T1 520 11C
    p2 0.06 II bar
    p1 60
    efft = 0.8

    IT Results
    D1 (bar)
    h 17kJ/kg)
    h2 (kJ/kg)
    h2s7kJ/ko)
    51 (kJ/kg' K)
    S2s 7kJ/koK)

    h1 = h_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)


    51 = s_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    h2s = h_P5("WaterISteam", pz, 525)
    525 = 51
    h2 = h1 - efft * (h1 - h25)
    x2 = x_hP('WaterISteam", h2, p2)

    X2

    0.94 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    0.93

    0.92

    0.91
    0.9
    0.89

    P, ~loOb&?

    0.88
    60

    70

    80

    90
    P1 (bar)

    100

    110

    120

    60
    3469
    2404
    2137
    6.94
    6.94
    0.9324

    80
    3447
    2361
    2090
    6.786
    6.786
    0.9148

    100
    3425
    2326
    2051
    6.661
    6.661

    0.9001

    120
    3401
    2295
    2018
    6.555
    6.555
    0.8873

    kNOWN, W()..~e't'" lS tke. wo~\"":> ~tu.A.C(


    rene.Cl.t, 1)~-\Q. Q.f"e \c.Y\OWY\ At
    F l NO ~

    1) e-te.~~ ,'I(\e

    +ke.

    +~e'l'~A. \

    '\1\

    alA ide-Colt l2.Q.II\~ ,i..\e ~c\e.


    lOCC4tioY\s.

    e ff-iei ~~~

    f>c~e~trT\c. ~ b\VEN MTA:

    0 ~ t~e e.~ de .

    Q"',,,
    rr- - - -

    ~ocfc.1

    PI: 10 M Pc- - - '11T, :::. tcoDc..

    Steam

    I
    I

    : generatof
    I
    I
    I

    I
    I
    I

    ,TUrbine 1
    -t

    ~-

    ~-

    II

    Turbine 2
    ;l

    l!:

    PY"e S S l.A.t~

    \.\.)I'+L..

    V4Y'\OW

    ill'\'d'"oJ~
    \I. ",k.""oc.u",

    s
    .5Q,~e. A.S

    A;SSlJMPTlONS:

    !NAL'lSlS:

    Firs+- J fix ea.cfA of. tLte. Py.iAc~p4( s~tes.

    S+cc..1e L: PI:: 10 M?o.-}

    Nt.xt)

    1M e)(Q,~Je 8,3

    sk.~p +0 ~.Jk ~

    1j': &,ooc.

    =t> hi ~
    X., ~

    : P<t= 6kPo,.; ,)

    3615.3 lc.~/1c, ~ s, :.fo.C;02.'t

    o.tt

    =<>

    l.,'t:'
    SCf:

    .sfo.+e. 3: 13::. 5 00 "Co)


    TC4Io\-e.

    f3 ~ JS.l'3S ~ew
    W',+~ s,. =-SI ::. b. Cio'1."(

    .At-lf

    Now J Sft;c.te ':$:

    S 3 =- S'{ :. 7, 5 ~ q S \::3"

    1lc.:1' K =t> r

    lc:rlk,,'1c:

    ;23:15',5 b:r/kj

    i.5I/CJS k:r/~,K
    ",okyo po I"..h' ~ \ '"

    \-\'3~ ~412.3 \c~(L:,

    k::rl~ ~ P,.:=. p~ ::.15 ,i35 ~ l>o\A.ble


    ;l'\terlPo\Q.+'l.OOk \\1\ 'TQ.~\e A-Ll- ~\V~S h:z.~ 3040,5 \cJ'(~

    ~w.-re 5 ~ f s '== b " Pc.- ) s~t. l't\A.i.e( 9:> hS =- J 5I,S'.3 k~/~


    $Io.. ( e Co', h" ~ "'5 "" 175 (Ye. - Ps)
    :::.

    lSI,S~ ~

    ':. ISI.S 3

    1" (1,00"" Xco- 3)

    + to ,>fc:,

    =.

    ;:,~ (100-,0(") b"""

    lC91. '54 k.~/\~

    To c1.~~'\",e. +~e. ~'n~~l eUtc.\eIl\CCj \ {-\~s.t eVtLlUAte. ~ "",~t wovle.. ~


    LUu,+ ~~S o~ s.-t~CA.1M .f..low

    W~le.

    ;.

    ~ - ~ ~ (kl-~l.) + (h~ - ~\()

    - (k,,- ~s)

    =('3fo;).'S."!> -30~O,S) T(3"'12:~-Z.3~S,f

    - (10.0<-)

    ::. 1121.2 k::r/~

    Also) *~ ~t ~t ~ -!or ~ 'oo\\\"1/su.ve.,.~eC4.+\"-1 ) per l.\iM.t ~~


    of- s+~W\ flf)W is
    Q,'",,/ ~ ::. (h ~'-') +( \r. 3-~~\ ~(~Io~S ,'3- L~l. So,) + (~'l12..3- 3"40,5):' ~6'i5.5 ~
    I -

    ~~

    .
    I'~
    _ VJea1c\e.

    Y\,-

    ,-z '2.\' "2..

    Q~~(~ - ~9~S,S - 0,'4"\1.

    (01 )
    llt{,Z. /0

    OlII!-4!I....----------

    Q,lowN

    The "t~1 Ro."k.i"\c ~c Ie of- Pre)bJ.er\l\ ~.C\ is ~Oat-hec<. to ;~clw:(e


    r~eo..t. ~'MAuHOw ('Ate i.s #..e. S~1Me <U 'JoI\ Probl-er\l\ 8.~.

    D.efeC"Y\'\\"'CZ -ro..- ~ 'MOt!l-tl'e.e( ~c:..le to) ~e. ~et ,OWfW' &evetopeJ)


    {b> twt 'Ca.~ of ~rd- -tTO.~tt'er -1-0 -tW. WOrk, t\j ~lu.it.l j", -+/,.Q Y-e~+
    proc.es'S , tku,&. <.cl +w. tkeV'~1 dfic.lelo1.c.o:J '

    FIND:

    SCkfSHAD'-

    ~ ~ L.'t- y.co~ IbJ~

    Gt\VEk> DATA:

    rr- ---- -

    1100 of

    (000

    or-

    --=j]

    I Steam
    I generator

    It:'I

    ~\V\

    ,TUrbine 1

    f :: lc.ao!!t

    \"'~., ~-

    (To" U Ol> of fJ -

    "","",~,r/

    I
    1
    IS.
    2

    II

    r::-

    Turbine 2
    ;l

    II

    1 3 ,
    - - - - - - _::!J
    (000i='
    Gout'

    73:.

    A-$suMPTIONS:

    4NM-YSI!.:
    Sfct~e t :

    Sa.rne AS Ex(A.""P/c.

    -t\.x etJ.J:.1A. of ~

    FINt'J

    B. a,
    fYI'",

    F,::.{f.oOO Lbf.ltK~ ..-r;::.IIOOF

    S-fde. 2.: S'2. -:5 1

    Ia-ble

    7',,-:1

    =t:> hi: tSlf1,1

    ah.cJlb~ sl:.l.(j)~lS' 8~/1l,.R

    (.(,'\IS BkA./1l,.oR) sc..tu't"O-teel 1.I'"'t1f6Y' '=t> :rK-H.rpol't+';"


    A-.3 E; p~ ':leo lO.S Ib-?/li.t~ ~ h'a,::' tlS'l. t &I1A.llb
    :

    SfoAe 3: 1):. lo.~ Ib+"it~ .. T3

    Skf4.4:

    c.i:pAt sto..tes,

    tlPlh,,~

    ..

    (000 of ::#\> 1-&3 '2 IS~1.q 13"....,,'b .. 6 3

    :t>

    "

    'l-\

    l.q(,o$' 8J.1U"De,

    hit::' tOQS86tu/li,
    'b.fl Ii.~ ,) sQ.f. I ifllA.UJ. =p 1.,5 = IIe;., C/ akt Ilk.
    I

    St=s3

    )t.ct::'

    O.qqO$"

    Skit, s : fs::' I
    Sfa!e. ~: hw~ ~s .,. 1% (PI, - p!S) ::. 1'1. S '2. 8w.llh (s~e. Prt>bI-e"" ~.tt )
    <D.J 'rl1e Y\e+ power d.ev4.C8peJ.. is
    w~e.~"'~ [wll~ -w,./~1 :,~l(h,-~a.)+(k3-k'l)-(1.,t--~s)l

    ::~.4

    ~(Ow

    It l[(ISCf1.1-11RI.I)+ ((53'.ct - foqS.q)-(711.Sl-~q. 7'0) ~


    Wc.~c.I~

    = {. (( g x (0 q Bbu./ h -.Q
    (bJ

    For fW. r-deAt rroc:.e.-.,

    a\,,~4!cd

    = h, (11 3 -

    ~"I.} =Q.~

    Kl0 6

    ~)( (S1(.C1-ni'.() ~ = '{.en

    K(08 8; ;
    II{

    (c.) -rkt. +lAD.,\"t'\o\.~ e.-UlC.;-elll.Ccj : S

    'VL:: W~
    Q\k

    =O\L41~

    ':.

    \IV U:J de.


    ::.
    Yh [<h ,- ~ '"') + (h:&-~~ \)

    (l{1t~%) ~

    (, Il ~

    I.Ii

    l\.t>n Clat

    to C1

    x io W [ ( IS~1.1 -1't,S~)+(S\1.Q -Uit. I)!

    )'\

    PROGLeM B.28
    kNOWN ~

    The ic(eJ:l.[ Ra.~kl;"'1l. ~de of Pr'oh/.eM (3,2 is m"tl(f,ed 10 ,i-tcl-c..de


    fO'lP;oDc ().f t'- p".essuve Df O.7MPa... The net powerOc,ltput-i.s

    r..eheat
    /c.n..cWh.

    1>ekY'MIVte (0.) +ke. ra-fe of i1efA.tfra~fer ~ flul workJ"'1 tlui.J I~ #re.


    +-he ft..te('~( eU-{c.i-e.J1C1j./ (AM ee) tt1e raie of
    he'd' fffA.flster ~ cool'~1 WAter- p(.c.'SJlI1j +hro".,u. tLte cb11deMse.r:

    steCl.rIit ~.t.l1ertLtor)(b)

    SCHEM4T/C. t <irWEN DArA:

    .3

    rr----

    IJtl!I",o,.

    "7~,,-~

    Giv.

    I
    I

    --'1l T l

    Steam
    generator

    IPl

    480C

    = 8.0

    Turbine 2

    MPa
    G-

    -t

    r;-

    ;l

    II

    Wt

    I
    I
    I

    I
    I

    I
    l..!:=f====

    s
    Assu~pn()1J~:

    f.,": 0.1

    z.

    Siale3: ~ -=

    0.'1

    tvI()4l\

    ~ 71M

    M~J 13:: '1BOOC

    ~
    =(),Oe ba.r) ~ -=:,siJ -v

    Ps :: 0,08 /ot;w-J sa-f. (if""'"

    hltJ

    -x,

    )('t

    :. //3.8f!>

    Y\f\

    -=

    :. 2.'({P"l.1f Ic;rl~

    l'h'

    JlO~ tJ/M~lll k~

    I 1t:4..... J0 3k1'M

    Wt:, ",Wtl. - Wp

    = ni

    a,i.)

    .f.;r-st +liAe;,( +he

    (1 ~ 0 tv\ w)

    110' (G:rJs/

    I MW

    ~ 3'tR>.4 - ~"1LIt. B) -r(3'i 3 e.' - 24<'Q. 6) -( 8.0b)] k.::r/k.t:J

    :. "3. sq ~9{S

    kLotster ~~e. \.5


    G.\Li\ ~ v\A ((\"I-~")

    +-

    ntta.f;S

    flow

    [Ch l -t1 z ) + ("'3-h~) -ct-J,-hsil

    =(h,-",~) i-("'}-~~) -(h,,-~s)


    -(

    IBI.il/- k~(lcj

    w~

    1ke. ~H~",-t

    :. O.q5"33~ h~

    {l.oo8lfJ('O-JJ ~ (80- O.08)b~

    + e.e -::

    ,J

    hs :. / 7 3 . 88 lcJILc:1.) ~ =- /.oo8l{)CuS 3 rn~

    =\>

    U\\ To dd-eV"WlI"'e. #Le.. rMe. e-f ketLt fr(.L~!?er


    ra,1e. The. Vle.t powe.(' ou.;tru.t of ~ ~d(' i.s

    W~t

    o.,eqs.) h-z.. -=1.1'/1.8 k:rllc.

    =3438,'t k.:JIl~) S3= 1.6723 Ic.::r(~

    = Sy-S~~
    s~Cf

    ~s r 1JS (P" - Ps)

    :. rrs.es t

    Sfz. :.

    s~'L

    => h 3

    stales:
    Sfa.fe ~:

    ~.)(2,: s~-

    5.=5,

    Pif

    Saturated liquid

    7; ~ 1.18oOC =C> ~t": 3348.11 1c..:rlk5 ~ s/ ": '.b SSE> Ie;]' [J~'I<

    5 t (l,fe,If:

    or

    of ftte. prlHci,tA[ s+r:des.

    R ~ 8MPo. -:Bow

    5fa,;fe 2:

    W -..;: : ;--'

    Sa.me AS E)(o..MfJe. 9.3.

    AtJA'-'Y~I$: FIrst) ?..~ etAc~

    5fate (:

    (~)-~Z,)J

    PR06LBM

    8.28

    (Cbrat/J)

    .Il'lserl-d"9 values

    Q"k ~~3.5~~)
    s
    ::.;2.

    (b)

    'The

    'is. '1

    ((3?JLiS.lf -IBI.t::t'l) + (3V3fJ.1-

    2'11/1.8)l~1
    ' ~""I j
    !J , 101cJ'S

    ,
    Q,'~
    ~'

    #J\W~4

    fher~~ (~f+lcicv)(:.~ lS

    \It -:

    w~

    G.\\I\::

    loE>

    :1.~5.1 = o,tt01 ('t o .1

    (e) The ",MJ2. of. . ~e(.(.t 4'mM.sfer

    t1'te c.onde",se.r

    -10

    ) 41

    fUe c.oo/l'i-t~ wa.te,..- PV$S,"i-t j fk"'OCA'Jk

    1$

    QOttf = ~ ( h -

    I.-, s

    =("3.S~ ~, )[2"("&'(,8 _ /73.fJS]


    s

    f,;:T

    'IoAW
    lo"J 1cJ'{s

    GOtlot
    : 145./ MWoE~---------------------.;:....,;;

    I<NOWU:

    ELtJ..D.:

    Tke Mc>d.ttlec.( Gldde.t>f p,.obf~v"1S.Z6 is r'consic,(Q.re.c:(.


    I~vesf(~Q.te +ke eff.ec,..i-s ov\ GC.jcle perforMC\~ce. (;loS +~-e. re~~
    pr~S'su,re a.~ -k-lMp.er",tu.t'e +4lQ Oh o~er v~lu.es. Collstru.ct

    su.i.t-~~Ie pto+s ~~ d.iscuss. Co,,"'ider fWst -tl1e t"e(((A1 ~cle. 4.~


    fl'\eV\ ASsuMe tke. -fuKl?,~Q. ~ G''''''''1' kCl\le.. fset1trCfic:. e#iciencies
    (~~~

    SCt+eMMtC

    A=S~ MP

    pa.

    tMl'\

    l,4n

    i -l~.

    G.r\lEAJ Dk7A: See soltNhOIl\ fo Problem

    uaus.

    See E')(Cc.~f.e. B.3 J

    a vtt'l Jtt.

    ltNM...'1S, 5 ~ Tt-te per+o('Mavtc.e of tl1e


    the e{'fect 5

    0'l1

    ~ Yl t ,. :. I1p

    B.z.e.
    c

    <0.8 fr,r

    "'' 'e se.co~

    is 1j"..l/e.st/~aA-eJ b~ d-elerrn I VJj


    +tt.er~~' -e+fic.ieIt1Oj of- vary ';"9 tL-ae. ...e..ltleC(.t 'P,..essu...-e. (;\.~& -lite..
    C4C(e.

    r~l4eOt.t +~M.rera.tL(K"e 1V\ 4u.('V\ .

    BelA0t Pressure.

    The. r.e~ecd- pre"ure. is


    vo..rie& whi Ie f\e. r.ekw..t
    +ernp~rC(,ture;s he\& constaKt.

    The. e.ffect o~
    ef+icieV\C.li is

    #te.v-Mt'l(
    skov.>~ ort

    ~e~rttp" belDv>.

    as'

    2'

    D.o'8 ~a-r

    I. Note

    #I.e.. t -fk (l.

    bofh. tf1e

    (.(;\.

    YVes

    to r

    Yeve{'~'llo k (A.~

    Irr~ve.f$""(e {Poses SUCk'\I~)\T

    ~~'~\A.W\SI

    opt,

    O.4r-------.;;::--------~

    i""etita+1V\'

    ~~
    r\;\tA.~ r-e.lAe""t Pr'~s~u.~.
    l-towe"~('J ~e e~ec.t is 51 i~kt.

    2. Not~ -tk~t +~e. frolo\eW\ 6f

    1ow ~v.~l{~ &\.t +ke. h,t~bl~e.


    e ~ l t is reJ.uc.ee.t tU +l.uL
    r.e,\.\e~t f(e~su.(e. 0\.5

    0.2

    0.1

    lo..vefeA..
    0.0 L...-..J_---l-_---l...._...I--_..L..---..J_---'-_---I.......J
    o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

    Reheat pressure - bar

    3-4h

    PROfbtEM 8.lt}

    (CDltt'd)

    e.t.te.a.f -re.M pe(4~

    The Ye~eM fe Mperet.f (A.t'e.


    ls v r i~et w"'de, +ke. V'e~eAk
    p-re.ss(,(.re. is held WM.S~~ t.

    The

    t~ec..t O~

    et+ide.~~
    tkt.~ Y"tA.p"

    t",efMA.l

    is skoWl\
    be.lM.

    0)\

    I. The.V"rY\~ l e Ute le1l'G~ is

    0.4

    b~ r'~keA-t t.(,~e(,A:k,A.re.
    t'V\ ft\l~ ce.se. 'BO+h +ke..

    0.3

    on\4j s\i"kt\lj a.~acteJ.

    '(ev~V'<;"\ \ole ~'ArA \ rre\fev-slkk


    ~es -folAow S\t\I\" 'CA.r"

    ty'<l,\'\t:ls .

    ~ tj" =tj,,=tj,=

    TI

    Tlt1

    0.2

    100%.

    = Tlt2 = TIp = 80%

    0.1

    2. N~fe f~ ~e. prol,leV'A

    P2 = P3 = 7 bar

    of low ~v.oJLi1j a.t tke.

    r.e~ecl
    Y"~etrl ~~r'tkue

    tu.rlo\he
    ~ +he.
    I

    ex\t rs

    250

    300

    350

    400

    Reheat temperature -

    V'c.re",ses.

    8-41

    450
    0

    500

    PROBLEM 8.30
    OpE>ro.fit'\j do..+o...

    I<NowN:

    "'' '0.+

    F /tv f):
    ...~

    reh~o.t ~+ p-u.ssure

    hAS

    CA):q

    c,/ e\ e

    4-"'U/ol\o4-..R

    a.t!r' c..\O&l\ ('7

    wl.t e r'e

    oS ~,~,
    O. OS' 1'Q I, 0 .

    -h\or' b ......

    n-eo"".,j

    fro",,",

    ~et-K'lV\lI\\U~

    &

    (t1)

    ~"b ,'I'te

    P, c.O -tL...4.

    :J

    ~ c!

    PlOT

    oS

    "c:lC?...A

    /(A"'\

    !<.!;te

    cycle

    +h.t. +"" ... Io,'Vle .s+-...,es.

    beft..v~~111

    PIp, =0, '2.. .

    fo,... """

    prol/ie/Qd

    AI'e

    ,.r'I Ie t f"~ ss u reI

    d ,,-h v """-"Io\.e.
    l' ~ ~ " t:
    ~

    ~ ... """ "l VA I ,'ry ""+


    ~H '1{ h'o$ ~~ (0..) Ve.-,l..CS PIP,

    +'- f

    'D

    V""'o..lo'\

    ~'V1.~ b"'T~:

    P.1=2S00\'~f1itl1... _ '

    ASSUMPTIONS:

    (o",iv.1 "O(\I,,"~1 ~&o\elt>I'l.o\," .eQ.e~of+L.4.


    pr"",e~~A.\ co~po ... elAon Ave ...+ ~~d{

    I,

    :..-. looooF

    ~+..te

    , . E.4C&... pt'oc.o ..s

    00M.L

    +c...

    Ope. ,. ... k

    p
    '3-

    c'"

    "I'l 1e,.""..1I.,

    ~yb jkfO ~ +-'S'f'J


    ~",~~ku.l~

    re \/~VS, "/~

    ~cl pl.>lMp

    ~"leh't/pokM.W .e""e"..~'1 CAkJ.aAc')IoU>'ed,

    , Ibf!i"l..

    ,..U."''1'S\l'. (t>-) Fet" ~~ c.C&se PIp,: O.'LJor p== soolb.fJ;k~ +c..... pVilllu..p~tS'4-~
    o.l'~ f'\-.cecl N ~{o.....,,~ h"o_7o-bl~ A-IfcJ "'(: 1'l-S'l,2. B4-/'~ S, = '.S2.,2. 1Jh../lh 01(.
    W:"'''' S1. =s, ,i,,\..... t"O\ .. ~"'" ~ T~ A-IootG..::t Sootlof/ilitj'l., ,iV"s
    h2, ~ 12.''''.1:\ C>l-/ib,

    Q)

    A\

    s~~) ~3: IS1.O,'1fJJn,../'h/ "S3=

    1;lch A- 317
    X+ ':

    S3 -

    M'

    111tJ-J1 j"l. J

    "" ... ~ 5'1- -:. SO,]

    ~ ....+-1r~

    "S-:. CD '1 6)".1/11,.,...J..

    \1\(. -_ l.Cl-':f ~ "" 0.0 1ft, l't

    -#l

    "T"'-a ~-...t ~c.4."'e..,

    (h)

    (,.u;t-e-

    )<4\-

    \. 8+~~

    Fr_"~ A.l~)

    13~/(11' o~. T""-"'I

    ~f:: I 7371- o. 13 2.~ = e. &,,'S ~14'l--= b,.1f1. + .S"" SO (I03(p.o) ~ <}70.5" 8fc,.Jllo

    s,, S",

    "\_

    t'73'T(

    (hl- ~~)

    IlIr

    (~.soo -I) 1i~

    '" '" ~

    ~.r -t "s-( P,- - Pr) ) 0,...


    ''I-'l-ihLI \ ,8~
    i , 7T1.25-n...

    I TW

    14 ~l v .... ,. ~

    ~ <. "'3 - lot",)

    _ ("',-hI") _ <!.'fS't,'l,

    l~I -"'.)+("'3-~"')

    Th~ i(L~ -foy- 4--hoe r~u..ir"u

    pl,o+s aee

    l18#"&f T -

    lob

    _1~Co't,tt)""'(1'S'1O.l-97t).S)

    -(11.2-(.,.1)=
    (''''~2.-T7.'l.) ~ (I~ul- 11.4~A)

    oh~~ I.U -

    T.1 a.s

    0."'''' 'lJ~<J.X)
    "-.

    to tlows; :

    It Code
    p1 = 2500 Illbf/in. 2
    T1 = 1000 /I of
    pratio = p2 I p1
    pratio = 0.2
    p3= p2
    T3 = 1000 /I of
    p4 = 1 1/lbf/in. 2
    p5 = p4
    p6 = p1
    h1 = h_PT(IWaterISteam", p1, T1)
    51 = 5_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    h2 = h_P5('WaterISteam", p2, 52)
    52 = 51

    h3
    53
    h4
    54
    h5
    v5
    h6

    = h_PT("WaterISteam", p3, T3)


    = 5_PT('WaterIStea mil, p3, T3)
    = h_P5('WaterISteam", p4, 54)
    = 53
    = h5at_Px("WaterISteam", p5, 0)
    = v5at_Px('WaterISteam", p5, 0)
    = h5 + v5 * (p6 - p5) * (144/778)

    x4 = x_h P("WaterISteamil, h4, p4)


    eta = h1 - h2) + (h3 - h4) - (h6 - h5)) / h1 - h6) + (h3 - h2))

    \\.

    PR08L-EM

    8.30 (UMt'o(.)
    IT Results for P2m1 = 0.2 (P2 = 500 Ibf/in.2 )
    h1

    =1457 Btu/lb

    = 1.526 Btu/lboR
    h2 =1265 Btu/lb
    h3 =1521 Btu/lb
    S3 = 1.737 Btu/lboR
    h, =970.4 Btu/lb
    S1

    hs = 69.58 Btu/lb
    hs = 77.05 Btu/lb
    Vs = 0.01614 ft3/lb
    11 = 0.4493
    X4 0.8695

    'PLOTS ~
    0.5 , . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.49

    0.9 -

    0.48

    0.8 -

    0.47

    0.7

    0.46

    0.6
    ~

    0.45

    0.5

    0.44

    0.4

    0.43

    0.3

    0.42

    0.2

    0.41

    0.1

    0.4 -1--,----,--,....-....,.---,----,--,....-..,---;-----1
    o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

    0-+--,----,--,....-..,---;----,-__,....-,.---,----\
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I

    0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

    P2! P1

    1. \t' e(.(,v~ rYiV\\-l\A~S o~ f~ 44-<.. etlv':hlnA) +\A.e \/d-.LlAe ~ .s 8' v-e,1I\ ,11\ TC4Io\e A-~E.
    at P=S 00 '!of "v..~ T;: loOOF" W~~ I~CDrV'ec.f lj liste&t t(s \.1411 etu/llo Df<
    Ike currec(-eM. \/A.lM.e of. s > '.'311 'IS (;.S'e.d IV. ~'IS SoLu.+LU'lA.

    e. '3 I

    'Pt208LEM

    Wt:'-~r

    \<t-)OWN:

    +t..tl.. work,,,, .,c.\u.~J. ''''

    t.s

    to

    Il.'"

    'ic.leo.l R.~"'~''''~ Ol:!c:.le M.oci\~,c.((

    iV\elM~e. t1A("ee. ~\",-e s~u wi-l-k re~q.4t loe-l-wee.V\ ~ sinoes.


    'DCLtQ. Q.('~ kll\.owV\
    V4rlo~~
    IOCCl.h.o~.
    T~e p~c;;.su.(e 0";

    ""+

    -t~ .s+e~W\

    If p:

    ((L)

    1"-'\:)',

    io"'l

    'Plo~ +L...

    (10)

    c. SO

    S~j~ ~,..Io

    -t ............+ \,At.,.

    c1c.-4-et-~lI\e

    PD.)

    b+

    1""e......hh.J

    l"'-t

    p ..... t

    to.

    I..?

    6 """'-'~

    r." v~

    (11)

    If"I"ft.t.s

    /l..A"""",~ fYo-

    -\1) I M'c...

    2 4\VEt-l

    D,A.7A:

    Q \11\

    s"oc.

    0:;

    r,

    1;::'-:":-:...:::3o,;::'--=-:"':-=:;

    &l'toc.

    t'-- flll'"st -

    o.lI\..L ~ -+~-..t 41r'c..:~t'1

    ,f-/o......,,I<'\'

    SCltEMATlC

    e\<.j-k~,

    l>"AU\A fe:

    S ~"O"c.

    I
    I
    I

    220

    bM

    1j~ ~oC -

    tu~.

    --

    I
    I

    l~.

    b,L,...._-L~r---::.~~-----'

    '1

    s
    ASSVMPTIOIJ$~

    Sa.'Me.

    AJ,)Al../tIS:

    (6-)

    -=.

    a.s il'\ Exa.Y\A-p\e B.3.

    4 ~PA.

    f.''fC

    r;,rt I

    E'o.c"'-

    1~. Pt'''t\.c..ip~ s~.

    3tg.\<2.l~ rl~~).O b~ ~T,::S'ZOc. =I> hI ~ 3133.7 k:rI~Js,:'S.83S1 lcJ'"lk,'K.


    Sto.te. 'Z.: Pooz,.:' 40 bClr J S 2. :. S I -=t> )<7. ':: ~.tf4 S If J h:z. ::. 18."1 kJ"I k"

    2."

    S+cs.+e. '3 ~

    I'" )

    Lt qOC =t> k.J 'a ~30'1.1 k~


    S+cc,te. 'i~ P't ~ S bQ.Y' ) S't :. $3 =t> hOi ::.2185.0 k.;r/ ~

    r.. =. 'to bQ.N'

    S4a.+e. 5~ fs::'

    bQK'

    1 T 3 =.

    T s :'!>"oc.

    $3:'''

    .'0""' I

    lc::r I\'~r K

    =t> hs = '3188.4 kJ"(~) 5s =/.Iofoft,

    k'J'/k,'K,

    S+Me.. fo. flo .... e.cs bCW' ) Sit.:' >s :o- X" ::. .<'12"ll ) he. =2.'3Ci1.' leT I ~
    S-ltI.;i'e.1 ~ p,:. 0,0'8 b~ ) so,.t. Ii<t\.\.lc( =t> L1, :: 1'73. ee k~ /k.~
    Sffc.te. 8" h 8 ~ h., + v., (fs -f., )
    ::

    ('~. 88

    sr
    ~

    or ( I. 008'1 xco- 3 ) ~ ('320 (c.3

    :. l,~.8B +~2..2" :. 1.0fo.lt.f ~T/~

    .08)

    b-l

    ILOS

    N/WI.'2./f

    llo",,..

    ~J ~"c:{e+e..V"M ~l'\e the n.e.+ wot'\c.. per u.1M.~ V\l\.kco,S of s-\-u.M. ~low i~ )
    be~\",

    \H\~ t~e. -\-u,v1o\lAe '5~e.s. T~t t~

    :: (h,-ht.) + ( ~3 - h... \ +(

    ~s - hlo \

    :. ~ \ ~ ~.1- '2.~' 8. ~) +( ~~O".l - 2.'185.0) +(~ \ 88.L( - Z. 3c=tCf.q)


    :. \lloS.lo k:r/~

    A V\. 6.) ~

    +Wt pu-\Mf
    WJ ::. h 8 -~1

    ::. 32.2.ft,

    lc-:r/k5

    "'J'

    lc/ tJ~

    'POBLEM 8.31 (COll\td.)

    For ~CL wor"\~, tlu.it\ ~fA.~~~'~ t\\tO~k tw. c.;+~ ~t.II\e rClLfor,
    tlA.e. to\a.l he~+ -tnu\s~er \~c\v..tt\"'5 -+~ '(*-e\A~t fro<:e,se.$ is
    ,

    ~ :(h,-~8)

    +("'3- h ,-)

    +("'s-~'+)

    =- (~\3'., - 2.0~.1~) t-( ~~Ol. \ - 2(,,8.7) + ("3183.\1 - 218".0)


    : ~'l5'\. t(-

    "'J' {~

    +~e.Y~l e~lcie~CAj

    ~~c\e

    Q\",/~

    \,'?>~.~
    =---~<:t seVf

    ITCode
    p1 = 320 II bar
    T1 = 520 u-c
    p2 = 40 II bar
    p3 = p2
    T3 = 440 II C
    p4 = 5 II bar
    p5 = p4
    T5 = 360
    p6 = 0.08 II bar
    p7 = p6
    p8 = pt

    u-c

    II First turbine stage


    h1 = h_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    51 = s_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    h2s = h_Ps("WaterISteam", p2, 525)
    525 = 51

    IT Results for D2 = 4 MPa (40 bar)


    h1 = 3133 kJ/kg
    51 = 5.835 kJ/kg'K
    h2s = 2678 kJ/kg
    h3 = 3307 kJ/kg
    53 = 6.903 kJ/kg'K
    h4s = 2784 kJ/kg
    hs = 3188 kJ/kg
    55 = 7.665 kJ/kg'K
    h6s = 2399 kJ/kg
    h7 = 173.6 kJ/kg
    has = 205.9 kJ/kg

    Vvcyce
    I Im

    = 1734 kJ/kg

    Q. I rn = 3960 kJ/kg
    In

    l']

    = 0.4379 (43.79%)

    is

    II Second turbine stage


    h3 = h_PT('WaterISteam", p3, T3)
    53 = s_PT("WaterISteam", p3, T3)
    h4s = h_Ps("WaterISteam", p4, 545)
    545 = 53
    II Third turbine stage
    h5 = h_PT('WaterISteam", p5, T5)
    55 = s_PT("WaterISteam", p5, T5)
    h6s = h_Ps("WaterISteam", p6, 565)
    565 = 55
    II Pump
    h7 = hsaCPx('WaterISteam", p7, 0)
    v7 = vsat_Px("WaterISteam", p7, 0)
    h8s = h7 + v7 * (p8 - p7) * 100
    Wt = (h1 - h2s) + (h3 - h4s) + (h5 - h6s)
    Wp= h8s- h7
    Wcycle = Wt - Wp
    Qin = (h1 - h8s) + (h3 - h2s) + (h5 - h4s)
    eta = Wcycle I Qin

    (CcnJ"~.

    PRDeCJ.-t 8/31

    PLoTS :
    1800

    1600
    1400
    C)

    ..l<:

    -.

    1200

    E
    -.

    Q)

    1000
    800

    >,

    'Su 600
    400
    200 0
    0

    10 20 30 40 50 60

    70 80 90 100

    P2 (bar)

    0.45
    0.44
    0.43
    l="

    0.42
    0.41
    0.4
    0

    10 20 30 40 50 60
    P2 (bar)

    70 80 90 100

    PR OBLE="M

    ~.~~

    l<~o""": Wo..~el i'i ~t. WOllr.,,""'l .c.l\A.~d ;.... o.t'o ,tAUA.\ R~"'\k.,"'\e. c'{de. M.o~i.~d 4-0
    \~cl~4.+wo .(..v.f"b''''t s\-Ql..C\~> "",i""."t.~~ be.~ "",~t. s....o-ct.~,
    i\t.kr~"""'~ ().~et{>",,1IV\P

    e-~e',,,,""'c,-ej

    ~r~ ~SCYo,

    FINO: (-.)~t. rlA-'h. C>~ ~t.~{.ro.V\.st.e., ..t..() +\.t. wOf'k\o~ ~ll.\,\.oi. po.\~\ 4 ~ro"",'"
    ~e s~~,\ ...-c.r","-o"l (,\ ~t .",{.t. 0.(:. \\t.ed- {.r-Q.""'$~r
    o""'" ~t. wor~''''''
    .cl""l~ ~""~l"'5 ~rolAl(~ ~~ ~.. ""'!>e."'1
    (c.\ ~t. cvc.lc. e.~~~\ .. -<.\( ,

    t ....

    Q,"f1

    S( \olE t\A.'T~c.. ~ G-( VE"w 04-T A:


    --"':"'.--:~- l 000

    Pcond

    = (

    l=

    p'Ol

    '------+--.,<;6,~.-.:>.' Pump

    _./

    A-S~VM,r~otvs.:

    5 Saturated liquid

    ~o---t. ~\ \""\. G')(,()''''''~\t.

    ~.'1

    kJ~" ~ 1>~ Fi r .. -4- f .c.~'l(, e.Q.C.""- C> ~ ~t. ~ f \ ~c ~ t \c.. S+o..\ e. ~ ,


    ')~cMt..l ~
    ':'l~()O (,*/i"," T':.(OooOF =) ~,,,: r~n . c.( Bo\ov../tb I s, ':.l.tiOl~ ~~/lb ~ra

    S~e.'t:, ?~':.uoc>l\.~{\~, S~~:.S, ::;> 'lC lS ~O.. 'l~oOI ~ ': l(('l,4.C\ ~~


    (~ ~
    ~~
    0,~ ~
    ~~)
    ~'\. II ~q . ~~ ,~ Ilb

    (\\:=

    11t. ':

    :)

    lib

    ':

    s~e.~ " t'l': (gOO lb~ (\V\l.. I T~ ':. lOoo \= =)~~ ':. (5 nJn~"""'/lb, Sl ~ (.lISS B~{l bOft

    s ~"C(~ P" ~ \ l~(\","- ( St.(.~ ':. ~l '=') ~~S ":. 0, eS-'1 I ~\(S ': q~ . ~'1 S~ { l b
    AA ":. 0
    ('-',- "'~)
    .0 -- ("
    _ ~ ) ==> ~4 -- l 0 4.~, 1..~ ij-w.. ( tb
    ,. 'u
    '\
    S-\-9i~t,~: Ps ';..l(\>~(~","" I SM .h&, .S) ~ ~ ~Ct1"l ~k(lb, V--s ":: 0.01111.( ++ I it>

    -'t'

    sWeG>~

    r(p -::,'(100 l,* (\,,\",

    ~~~~+"'S'(~l_-P~V."p
    Q
    lee. -= {,C\.1'i ~ ~(O . ()'(,l")~ (\{ClOO-I)(I\{l() ~,-I;l:~1 -=-(p~.1~ +l\{.)4 ~ \f4,Oi ~
    ~e"'''', et..+e I'_\~" \."'-." +-\0\1\1 r~t of.. ~t. wor" \ ~ 'I",,\.ct.
    \AI k &.\00 -= W*:. - W~ =- ~ [,(", -~,,) + ( ~\-~,~) - ( ~lo -~s)1
    \i, cA-

    (too f1W)

    ~ _ "

    1000 fW/~
    I""

    I , ....
    0

    - (~,-~,-) +(~;- ~)-l"'~ .. \\s) - (((111.'(- lIQCl.~)+(lSI1.~ - lO~l.U}-( Qo(.o~ -1;U&f] ~

    ':. ~ 19l. 01.. l b I s

    (~) 1\.. ""~t. o~\...~+,.~",,\tt.r.l..~t. \lJorlc.;~.c\v..~ t"\~t. S~tQ,-. Cif,tI\t.r.J..".. is

    ci

    'H/\ ' :

    ~ ~,- ~~ ~~ ~'t.) ~ ll(al.o't\\~ ( \111.'\ - il(.O~ +-ISn. Q -ll~ ,ti~) ~


    (

    ';: 2.S It.( 1-10 S'

    "'"

    ~
    f.

    \,0 SS

    I k:i

    t lh",

    II

    I 1'\""

    (000

    8-53

    ec.! ,~

    1:::2t,S "'\ MvJ ....


    f

    & i~

    PR.o~LE"M ~.s,-

    t b) ~ ~ t"~t.

    (co""t'cJ)

    t- '" ~cAA-+ r~~~e r

    .c

    ,0",""

    ~ e,

    WO r Ie. i "'1

    .c (""".tt \ ~
    't\.

    Qo~t -= tM(~4-~~) ~(((g(.Ot.)((ot{,\!~-(pq,1\{)I\,~~~ll


    I
    I
    '
    G Ol.l /:; ': <.D5. '2-"\~ M vv
    1.

    C.

    co...J. t V\.\ e r h

    '

    Q,OlA..t
    ........i;------------------~

    1. ~~ eve r~l\ -e"" Ires ,'f b~~ Cl.Ii\.ct.. "'.c>lJ,S.tOf +he tll)ete. ~
    Q i ~ ': W""e.+ + Q Oltt;2.(gS.Z:~ MW ~ too MW + l\gS.-z.~ MVv'

    8-S3b

    PRol3LEM 8.33
    KtJOWt4 ~

    A", \o.~~~ 'fev.~+ ~d~ O~nLte~ (c.;~ neA.'f\I\ 411. s t\e "'J0't'~\'\o\1 .(:.\ """c:{.
    Dver-a:h~ lYe$su.r~s a.\\A -k.~f,r~.:+u~s a.Y'~ 8 \VtM..
    flo+ +k~'('MC\\ e~\<:'le\\~ "e>tsv-~ r~~e",t p'(1::ssu.r~ .foy- p't'eS~lArs

    ~..

    V'CA..~\"'i ~OY\l\

    ~o bc.c.Y's +0 \2.0 \oo..V'~.

    5Cu't-\M\L
    &lVetJ DA--TA..:_ ...
    T. :; "OOOc.
    ?,::tlf HPo.'''''''''

    - - - - -

    .s
    5

    St4.h",V'Q..~ c.J.

    jee.

    A-S'1LJMP1l0AJS:

    l\, ",-,t:(

    E..K(l.Np/C

    8.'3

    .#!M){S(S: F\{s+, +l)(,eo.~ ~ +-~e. r'(l~c.~po.l ~es.

    bDH, II -:. "(!)OOC ~

    S-k:Je. I: 'P,:'

    140

    5:\rJe z :

    (1.~\~nV\ ?~)~

    i='o("

    v..h~

    hi,)

    S\

    s:a,:s,) we.

    CAM

    ~~

    S=hak 21: f:~


    T 3--toooOC ~ \..3 ) >3
    3
    2..>
    ~~ p~ -:. 0.0(" (o<W 1 ~ (NiH,... 54 ':.$ 3 ) we.. ~ <3e*
    S\rAA-f
    5'
    L
    _.a- I '
    L
    "--~-""'-~' P =0,0,," PM') SlllA. Il~. ~ VlS ) ~
    s
    .sWe "'. h(p~ hS~ '\JS(Pc.-fS-)

    ""20'
    Xi

    ~ V\",,'

    5(lY\1'le ca.{eu.lo-AinA. ~ P:z. = 2. MP~ -=

    '2.0 ~a..V-. Us I k~ oJ...~ ~cM-1 ~ f?ko..UA .J.t,.lo/~s~


    .
    k:r llc~ I S I -= (P." ri '2. \c.~ (~I(. ,,",ow l 1.4./l ~ p~:: 20 b~J Sl.~S, i ~'1.: 2.q~",I. kJ/kg.
    At S~ 3) ~'3 -:. 3b~O.1 1c'J"(~ l sJ:: 1.702.4 (c::J' 1I~.K. 'f~) Y'l\ -: O,O~ be.,y) S4 -: 53 ~We8
    hI

    = 35t ll . 1

    ')(.4:
    }Jf>W,

    :~-:1: :.;O~-O.S"2.10 ~O.ctl'l~

    5-"f
    v.?>3"",P5 :o.olP fo()N") ~cd-.
    L

    V\(,~

    V\s+

    (,"r

    ~ lAS'::

    151.53

    'M31J~. F'~A~)

    k'J" ll~

    .ow is

    /'00,"4 '1010 3

    LI\05NJ'M~1
    11c.'J'
    l Ir>a.rl lO3.,.~

    '3 W\'3

    ~cle Ck.d.w..~
    Ike. work. ~'(' uvJv-\- 'M.A $ s o-f 5~~
    ~ ~ ('tVt ~ (~l - lA '2- ~ l' ( ~ 3 - ~4 )

    k.'SIk..~1 '1f'S ~

    '\JS(p,,-Ps)~ lSI.S3+(I.OOb4xLO ) luj(\40- 0 . 0 C:J) 'C'co\"


    :: l II 5." \

    Wf J'M

    ~4= 151.s3+(''lI'l(,,)(Z.4IS.'1)::Z~/?2k~(~.

    :':)

    O:52lo

    0 btc.\AlAeJ

    a.-s

    ~ ~ s '.

    "'b -~s

    W~/'M:: Wlc/~ - WpliA

    for ~, h.eo..t

    l~,-,,* 1~V\ ~

    S-Q...IM

    tj.e.vJl..Y~ ~ (~ pY"oce{Se5"

    Q.iv./w.. :: (hl-hb)+(~3-"''2-)

    (4)

    F1208let-'\ 8.?>3 (Untt'e(.)

    TM.

    ~~ e.ft.1~ifMGlA
    -:.J

    l1.:W~

    is

    G.1

    (5)

    1A

    hsey+t~~ ~~.fro-rn +ke. s~l~ c(l.l~ \V\lt-o ~$' Cl)-~) ~0JeS/~rz.::U>W


    W.~)w. ~ '~ll.,\ k'TlIc.s ) Wp / ';'" = l-4,Oe kT/", =~ 'N~/w.. : : 19Q7,8 /ai,
    o.,~{rV.:: 111Q,S k-:rl~
    To

    obktA

    dA.~

    +vv--

    \L~(),4(gC""(41o.07eyo)

    --':>

    ~ (-e.tu.Cr"eJ

    pLot) we. use.

    IT) as +oLlcws

    IT Code
    p1
    T1
    p2
    p3
    T3
    p4
    p5
    p6

    = 140 II bar
    = 600 II C
    = 20 II bar
    = p2
    = 600 11C
    = 0.06 II bar
    = p4
    = p1

    IT Results for D2 = 2 MPa (20 bar)

    h1 = h_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)


    51 = s_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    h2s = h_Ps("WaterISteam", p2, 525)
    525 = 51
    h3 = h_PT('WaterISteam", p3, T3)
    53 = s_PT("WaterISteam", p3, T3)
    h4s = h_Ps("WaterISteam", p4, 545)
    545 = 53
    h5 = hsat_Px('WaterISteam", p5, 0)
    v5 = vsat_PxC'WaterISteam", p5, 0)
    h6s = h5 + v5 * (p6 - p5) * 100

    h1= 3591 kJ/kg


    51 = 6.716 kJ/kg'K
    h2s = 2995 kJ/kg
    h3= 3690 kJ/kg
    53= 7.702 kJ/kg'K
    h4s = 2373 kJ/kg
    hs = 151 kJ/kg
    h6s = 165.1 kJ/kg

    Wt = (h1 - h2s) + (h3 - h4s)


    Wp= h6s- h5
    Wcycle = Wt - Wp
    Qin = (h1 - h6s) + (h3 - h2s)
    eta = Wcycle I Qin

    W /m

    = 1912 kJ/kg

    W 1m

    = 14.09 kJ/kg

    1m

    cycle

    Q. I m = 4120 kJ/kg
    In

    11

    =0.4608

    PLOT ~
    0.47 - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    0.465
    0.46
    ~

    0.455
    0.45
    0.445
    0.44

    --+--...---,.----,---...-----,,.--....,----r-----,-....,-----l

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    = 1898 kJ/kg

    70

    80

    90 100 110 120

    P2 (bar)

    r-55

    PR06t5M 8.34

    "NOWN~

    tw worki~

    AV\ \~t.\l r~~eCA.t ~d~ lues s~~ ~s

    p~$SUfeS o.~c;{ -teMp.4(',~Ju.Y"es o.re ~\V'eV\.

    ~\C{. 0per4 +\''''1

    PIO+ +~e.,(,~A\ e~lc.i~~CC1 vevsvs re~~~f preuu.re ~or pfe'Su-res


    V"o.~~l~3

    4 &\VeIJ

    SCLteMM\c.

    froM

    "0 ' *1,,,,':

    ~o \2.00 l~l,~"':

    DAT~:

    Qil\

    rr----

    \~

    ---~T,: I~OOOF

    SlUm

    P, :. '''00
    I

    eellefaklf

    r-

    I
    I
    I

    I
    I

    :!JI

    (9.ou.t

    AS5VMPIlQN~:

    SIZe.

    r:1C~w.r\e. 8.~

    A-NA-1,'!$1$: i=\rst} .tl)G e~cl.A. ~+ +~e 'Py,~c\r(;(.,l .s~+es.


    SfaJe I: Pi ~ 'bOO \1"4/1',,,'\ T I I2.c>OOF
    Vl I ) s ,

    '*

    ~: ~,.. ~ ,\'ve"V\ p~) cw..et.. ~l~ 5'2.::: $. )w~ C..QM es.e."t h2o'
    ~We s : P~=P'Z.) "t3 :\200F =9" h~J $.,3
    .5in!e 4: p~:. \ IbthiA.2..) D.Md. wl4--k 51:: >3 ) W~ cet."" ,-t-t '){., ew...cL ~+
    5~ 5 Ps e, I lJ,~ll~.:z.) SCt.t, I
    ~
    1"%

    ;t

    t.

    ~(,-:::. ~S+'VS(rb-p~)

    5We".

    ""s

    ~ckcn1~.

    ~ W\AJ;S 9~ ~te.a."",
    Wt/~ ~ ("',- ~'1.\ +(~"3-1A.4\
    {viA::: l--.b- ~s .

    T\t.R. Vo?0rk. ftV'

    .W

    W ~cle.l-M

    +tow-

    )0'(

    ~4 i~ s~.

    cs
    (I)

    (oz.)

    :. W~/'M - W-'/'M

    (3)

    ~ ~ \~ to ~ s-\<AIM ~eu4tx ~ v~ ~Yoc.~


    G-\\AJw.. : (It\.- \ltt.)+ (t... 3 - "'7.)
    .
    f\\,\'.fL.
    .....,..... ~j J ~ ~w-.cJ et4-~C.lW.~
    J i..s

    t-S

    (4)

    V'\:= w ~.y~k
    Q.\v.

    (s)

    5lMA!p\e co.Je.vltVt~. fz.:: bo Ib'}lti,...~ lAsl~1 ~ ..fro"",.yt,...e S'+ea.W\ +r.JoJe.s}


    hi -::. \f901. I 6+-v./\1o) SI: 1.(01-84 e~/llo oR.. NoW I W l~ ?2,:: "0 ~.flllA.~ 57,. =5/; ~2.=
    \\~.1 e~j\~' At SW~ 3) \t\~= lb38,5 G+u/llo)s3:2.o448 tJ\-<.tIl~.4)V<. ~s)
    P4(- lWhv.. 1$4\ ~S3) 'fJwes ~4:: l/4".3 l3l-utlfo. /Vow) Ps ~l Ibflti-t7 ,5 ,,:t. l,~, ~
    tJ\ ":, <oQ.'4 6NILIeJ I 'V4":' 0.0161" #3//1>. F/~~l~
    5

    t.

    Vl/, -:..

    L
    V1~
    -I-

    11:>+
    1Jj (p(" -P'S ) -::.19'i .14- T (O.D I ".14) {..1
    tI.., (I~oo -I) T;z.

    I \ -Pt?i~211 1'18\ ~. '~.f I


    144

    :74.52 /),./'//;,\.'2.

    lV\se".tIVt~ dod-a: I~+O ~~.(t)- (s) j\"ves;

    W rz=bo

    1~.f{I'j,4,~

    B\.u..

    f~oe~J-\ 8.34 (~-l'J.)

    W4;./ ~ ::. qO~.{P ehA/llo J wf/w.. ::'4,18 &+-cAJlb ~ yj~el.e/M = 8'l7.8


    QiVt/w. : lQ14.4 ~t4/\ dV 'V\::. ().4f5il (45,41%)
    TO t)h~tM- rJ.a.J~ . .fuy ft,-e. (~O(,u:yetA rlofs~

    (,(Je.

    B!-u/11P

    use IT, ~s +allows:

    IT Code

    p1 = 1600 IlIbf/in. 2
    T1 = 1200 II of
    p2 = 60 Illbf/in.2
    p3 = p2
    T3 = 1200 II of
    p4 = 1 IIlbf/in. 2
    p5 = p4
    p6 = p1

    IT Results for D2 = 60 Ibf/in.2

    h1 = h_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)


    51 = s_PT(IWaterISteam", p1, T1)
    h2s = h_Ps(IWaterISteam", p2, s2s)
    525 = 51
    h3 = h_PT('WaterISteam", p3, T3)
    53 = s_PT(IWaterISteam", p3, T3)
    h4s = h_Ps("WaterISteam", p4, s4s)
    545 = s3
    h5 = hsaCPx('WaterISteam", p5, 0)
    v5 = vsaCPxf'WaterISteam", p5, 0)
    h6s = h5 + v5 * (p6 - p5) * (144 I 778)

    h1= 1607 Btu/lb


    51 = 1.668 Btu/lboR
    h2s = 1196 Btu/lb
    h3= 1638 Btu/lb
    53 = 2.045 Btu/lboR
    h4s = 1146 Btu/lb
    h5 = 69.58 Btu/lb
    h6s = 74.36 Btu/lb
    W /m = 902.8 Btu/lb

    W 1m

    = 4.776 Btu/lb

    Wt = (h1 - h2s) + (h3 - h4s)

    /rn = 898.1 Btu/lb

    cycle

    Wp= h6s- h5
    Wcycle = Wt - Wp
    Qin = (h1 - h6s) + (h3 - h2s)
    eta = Wcycle I Qin

    Q 1m = 1975 Btu/lb
    in

    1'] =

    fLO,:
    0.47 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.46

    0.45

    200

    400

    600

    P2 (lbf/in.2)

    800

    1000

    1200

    0.4548

    or
    7

    .Wr~

    s
    MSOMP;LO~S: Sa-me Q.S E.)(Q.~pJe 8.5 )
    li.t 0-\'\ i Y'lter l'\a.tLcj \'"evevs lb le mo.~ VIe r ,

    '"

    :;/

    Pump 1

    except tfu..-i- the

    turb:lle s*'1es opet'/L-fe...

    ANA-L'I51$: Flrsf, .ft''>' e.~ of ..J.he. rIYtc.lpc't ( sktes. From The. sOLu.+101-l.. To
    Fr6bl-e1Yl8.2.,; ~l ~ ~34.8.1f ~:::r/l~ lSI:: b.bS8b, h3 =' Z08Z.'t k:r/~ )G\~
    ~ .., ~ 113. 8S k.:f/ ~

    "Slq.-teo 2.: P-z.:: '1!Qo-r

    sz.:::

    SI

    :t>

    S~ 5: ~s ~ ~\t T 'lr\f (fs -Pit )

    'X'2,,:::

    ,ie95) k,,:. 2.1'11.8 k.:r/~

    '" rn. sa -to (\, 008(pCl 0- 3 ) ~ (

    .., -.08)

    b~.s

    = 113.99 + . G.ClS :: 17'1.58 k:f/~


    Stq.;fe. b: f" -: 1 (oq,r ) Sc4'. I ;tu.~J. ~ \,w :: {,Q7.Z Z k.J"/k.~ U"w ::
    S..ftJ~ '1: h,:::. ~c. t ~ ( P'1- p... )

    1.108

    X'O-3\o3~

    \::

    I\~ 1097. 22 + 8.oQ = 70S. 3/ Ic.::r/~


    Appl~l",g V\'\a.~S a.1.\.J e\l\t;V'9'J rtt.-fe. bc.c.laKces to -Ht.t. c.cmtro'. VDLu. 144:t- e~cU>$i~ -I'h.e
    :: (,,'\1,1.2. +Q.I 0 8)< lO-3)( 80 -"7)

    h..ea..f, V" J +ke fra.c.+ loV\ ~ of .flow e~mc.fe~ o.t (ou..e. hOlo\.. /.- h w- ltts
    (,'\1.7.'2. - 11If. 58
    C
    L1 ~
    :::
    ~D 3lD
    d
    h'l,-"'S
    2.7'11.8-(1#.S8

    (a.) To t\lI\G1. +v.e. heat -Ma.IA.SW vcde ~\"') '1+ is Hvst V\e.C2-C;!i.GtV'~
    ~t.vw:c.ss t-LoUJ '(c.cl~ 'M,. To de se, b~~\"" Wl-\to..
    OP~vt

    ~ =(~I-~t.)+ (-~)(~'2.-~3)
    I = ~3'i8.lf _ 2141.8) + (1-.2.0 2>Co)('l.1't1.8 -

    \N.r
    : (l-~\I (~5-"'1.f )
    VV\,

    = (1-. 1.0 3"~ (.C.ct8)

    z.o8Z.ct)]

    lh,- hI.)

    + (S.oct)

    :. B.b 5 \c.~/ ~

    (oS

    '

    10 d~krM'Ii\e.

    ~;

    /I3L3

    k'J/~

    tJow)

    W'I~

    W~c.{e

    'M,

    [Wt/~1 - Wp/~ ,1

    Tke. "MM.~S ~\'ow v"(A.~~ eV\.-\u-\~ +\t.t. +~Y"st ~~,~e s\-o..y-

    V\~::.
    , ... ,
    \
    F\l"Q.t~ } ~

    ( \ C> c X ( 0 3

    (\\111,' - 8.(,5) l<:::r/~

    Ic:-:r/s

    8<i. 0 7 ~ I s

    llc.w

    \u..ci 1n\AS+~ V'~-t~ Q\~ i~

    Q\~::' ~, ( hi -

    h;)

    :. ~3S xeD

    \b) T~e. *~Y'W\IA.( e+t\c.le~~


    '" _

    I'

    k \JIJ)

    3
    100)<'0

    '\'- "')3

    ". S

    (t) ~e. W(.l.<:'+~

    XlO

    'lS

    ={8~. 07 ~ )(33118,,,. -

    70s. 3/)

    \:I 1: ~b I
    &\l'\

    kW..
    ',S

    kw

    3 I

    rc-vV

    :. o.qZS

    (42.5 (0)-

    "-

    --

    of. ~ .(.Lov", ~ I ~T fGC.sses ~V"o~k t~ c.~eMS~(,

    is l-'a: -:: 0.1<1''''+. TlA.u.s ~ flt. ~4j;S +toW Me ~ c.oo\i~ wd&\""


    ee c.l.e..i-eV'~\",cc( fvO'M
    o : (I-~) -M, (h 3 - h'l ) + w.. c", (h,~,i~ ~ ~'IAI,o"..,")

    Or

    (I-~) ~I

    M
    ':to

    3 -

    ~~)

    -:. - - - - - - c.w

    w'\~ ~'W

    (n

    hc.wlolAot -

    ht (T)
    ""ew

    ~C"'I \JA.

    ~ T~'e A-Z

    ~ (O.1'l1o~) (8'l.O'7 ~) ( :to8Z.~ -113.88) ~ 13".": S

    (14(,.<.8 - b'2..c=i4 ) 1,:3""/~

    : S.825'Xwc. k.3 / k <III!I"'~


    ~
    1)'ISCuS$i Ovl. (l) ~e.. ne.t work J)e,y" U,IM...+ \M".~S e~Y'\~ +k.t. .f.ivst -\-v.Kloi""c. is
    less .< -tW.s \M.etM~i~ ~(.le. ffAA\A.. tor t{,..t. !CU.o..( ~cLL. Tlu.t!, fo...- ~ S~*'t.
    ~ ~ (W...~""* 'M.Cfe. w-.e.c.~s 'MU-st ftbw f\Mo~'" ~ s+e~~ ~.e~.
    (z) T~ ~e. of ~ \"'f\d" -\0 ~ w~~ ~ e.S\'~ -\tv-oW)~ ~ .
    ~k.M ~ cs, less .for 4k- ""-bkfi~e.( ~ ~CA.UlSe o-t re~.e\~fCA;1iO'1o'o
    \~~

    vop0o\. fed.~ ~. As ~ reczvJ.:t.J ~ fla-r'fll\D..( e.f-H:c..let\~ I.S


    ,"ejec...t~ -to -tWt c.Dot~ ~ l~ \ets-f<l.r
    ~ ~'A..(teli:~\ec(, ~c\e > \eA.Jll~ to 0.... S'MAlAex COOlL~ wde.r .ftow r ~.
    \V\~ClAul.. (3) T~e r(d~ &~ ~ecL't

    8-Sq

    kNowtJ:
    rIN]):

    The

    modttie4 e-~cle O+- Prohlem 8.35 i s r(cytsLd~veJ...

    Il1vesfi9~k -+he. e~ds

    0\'\

    Ujd performakc~ e.s ~ez..

    fedc..ua..fer

    Vt(.CL.te.r pressuv-e.. -talus 0\'\ O+~er V~LW4. ecm.s..Jrue:t su.c.te::tlr,(e ~ r~hs


    CA~ o..l'cu.,s. U:m.Slqey- +~e. i&eaA ~cle. a...s well (.4S ~ Ctjde. fOr
    Whl~ ~ tlA.Y'IcHiIle. S"~e.s _AVwJ.. fUWfs ea.clA have. isel(fyepj(.
    effc.c ie.,.C(t:S less

    sc&fG,\IlMLC

    ~V\ UJ.i\ d~

    a "V6AJ J>Md: 5e.G sol<.t~ 40 Pral,'et1-\

    ASSoMpn oNS i See EkC(Mplc. e.5) a~ ~+I =nil.

    8.~SJ

    = ~, -:. Hp:l:' 80

    0
    /

    ft>y +lie. sec,lJ Nd

    pc<r-f.
    ANALY5IS: The performal'tce t)f fl..te ~ is i~ves.J.i~a.fed. bfj d-e1lr-ttt '1I\1YJ9 ~e
    e(!fecfs OVl -fheo".a.l etf.lcCelttc,!1 "f v~v'y r~~ ft.te. kcd.Wc..:fM ~(lt+e; fr'eSStA~.
    '1

    1s ' ~
    :

    The rt'$u(!s of VtMI'jlkB

    +"'e.

    +.,...

    Sa (,(.("tt-f.o"t
    I;~

    p"'~sslAre

    oxe.

    skot,u"

    eV'\

    t\....Q. toll.Dwl~~ plot.

    0.5 r----.----....----r-~___r--__.____,

    0.4

    0.3

    S ""
    =_--"""'

    ~'1"~='1" ~=
    11t1

    1]"

    11t2 11 p1

    ='1" 100%
    =11 p2 =80%

    0.2

    0.1

    0.0 '---....l.-~_....L..._~_.L.._~____l._~____'____J
    10
    20
    40
    o
    30
    50

    Feedwater heater pressure - bar

    Nof-e. +k~t fhe.. ti1erYt\a.l e#-iGieVlUj does .-wf varf;j 'J'"eo.tlCj wif~ teJ..wtder
    ~ea.te(' pr~s u (eo) to u:t tk C(..(;V'\lt.C tJJJ eX IA iL'1 t 0- v\\.i1"X I ~ UM ;lIld! 'edWe. of~~ 61'l-lV\;\t,.\.\I\I\ feed.w~e r ~e.der pr~S'.s\A.r-e.

    PROBLEM 8. '31W ... ~.r

    /C.Noc.vN:

    IS

    c.uO ....Ic.,V\,

    t'-..

    f-tvid

    'I'\.

    e. .

    ~e,

    A..

    p0u.,.,... ".. cycle.

    V'o...Y"'oU-<3 10 CA-n'~ o.f-e lc""-oUJIot


    heA4-e ....... "D~+&<.. "'~
    0. '" cl
    t""-t 10\,eO+- po '-'U-4"" 0 u..+p vJ- 1.4 , i ve"" .
    fiNO:
    De~.('''''''''''~ ft.,~ t"'-t....""'-.l ~fh'c.4e",c7 AIo\cL -t ...... ~u f-t.oc.v ....o.~ I'",to +~c.

    e.u;+""

    01''"'''' ~ed~A"'e".

    ~~hvt.

    O"'G.

    .fv..t- tv.... blll("

    s~5~.

    I
    I
    I

    ll:

    ~SUMPTlON~ ~ Sta-me a.s c1ClIt.""'fle 8.5 ) .e ""cept. "'}!\a:f:- +he. hA.r'bn'lfL


    .S+AIJ~~ ofero.fe. ,i-t a.~ ;"te..-V\Al!Aj ,....\I~ ...$IIe. ~o.""'Vle r:
    ~NAL'lS\S:

    fl rS+.1

    sfo.fe

    f, =/20

    I:

    +-l>c. eA.c..k pt"l'""c.ipo.(


    btw-) 7i = S3.0 D C ~

    &1tA:te..

    ~,~ 3CfOI.S

    kJ/Ic.,

    ,)$,

    = (,.SS55 k;r11co'J:

    skdez: P.,,'::to bcw ~ Sa.=s, =t> Xa.= o.~q31.1 112. =2;"'1.'2. Ic.:r/~
    Sfd:e 3: P3 = 0.0," bC(,V" )53 =$, .::t> ><3 =0:172.7) h3 = .201 S.3 k~(~
    Sio-~e.4" F",=O.<!)fo ~Cf'r

    s"*.Ii~\A-~~ ~ 1,11 :. 151.53 b~rlcs

    hs'%."1i + 1l"y(p$-py)

    St-a.te 5:

    ~
    +- (l.O()fol,f x.,6 3 Jn3)( 10-.0") bcw L05' ~(",'2.11 ~~
    "OJ
    ~
    -s
    \ A\"'" ~~ .~
    : 15/.53 r I.()O :: 152.'53 1:.~/(<j
    f,,=lO b~ J sa:t-.lig..u.a '=t> he.. =14,2.81 k~l~
    :. /51.53

    sNk,,~

    SWe "1 ~ P7:: 120 heN",

    h.., -=- hI. +'lr" ([>.,-P,,)

    = '~~.&l r('a1 1.""13 X'0-3)(12.0 <'(4)

    App~\'~ eY\ev,~ Q..~ ~C4~S bllt(QlAces -t-o +k (.CMTTol

    ~~+")

    .fTo..c.h~ e+ ~LO\A) ':i elc:~tc...(,

    hf.-~S
    1(,'2.81 - 152.53
    4::":'
    d"
    1ft '1. - h 5
    2...., bl.(. '2. - 15'2.5 3

    For -the.;ot\-hbl vollJ..Yk.e. ~u.rrou.v..l\~ t~

    ~ = (h,-"'oz.) +
    'W\I\,

    (l-\oj )

    = ("51.(0 L 8 - 2. 'b~ .:z. )

    A.t

    to)

    I :~~ I:. 775.'2.1

    \lOLu.Me. ..~elos,...,

    loCA'h,.O\A.::l.

    i&

    -=.

    .'''MID,'''''!.

    s+~s
    (2.. )

    1- ( 1- .1."3 '3' ) ('2.,1-1.(. '1 - '20\

    S. 3) :. 12.0~. 2. )c.J"/~

    ) (h.!'-

    h'f)

    ~ ('1'15.'2.1- '1lD4.81) +(,1"<'3)( 152.53 - 151.53)


    ,,:r/~

    t~ 'f'.......

    Ck'1.- ~'3 ')

    (h,- hf. ) + (I-~

    =1'3,\"

    1c.J"/~

    =0'2.'337

    /'w.J.. ~ ~ +lu. pu-Y\Af s

    ""rloM,

    For +k ~or\t.\"1 --llM,& ro.~'S i",-, t~1'0WJ'" ~ s~~ ~~Ylev(l.i-of'


    Q\V-M I

    = ~I- 'rl.,

    ;k.u.s) ~ tke.~V\f\~l eUl~I~\\GCj


    \J1 ..
    I\.

    ~-4:.I-M,_~ W,J-Ml :.
    G.,,,,,I

    (b) Tke. ",~t pow-er

    'JJ~..l~

    ':.

    '"I

    J.-e.ve1cpeJ.

    'M 1 [Wt./~,

    is
    "'.L1.55
    v T

    lfS.S

    ( 330')( 10

    ~."3 y.,IO~

    ..

    )_

    - Wrl";", 1

    ~)

    tt.'J/s.)

    (i)

    I I

    ('),,01.'2.- li.lr)k<1/~J

    'l$

    ["'~J":'\ - Wp/~\]
    ::.

    (oq)

    = 3I.fOI.& - 775.2.1 -:. 2."2.".&' k~/k,

    res/ k.

    3'-eos

    '''''

    4--------__ ~,

    S+e~- s+cde ()f-eYa.+\~j dA~ etre rpro\lid.tU1


    PrO~(M 9.'31.

    WDW/J:
    FIN]):

    plot

    +~e -tlAelf~a.{ !f+I(,i<M.~

    of

    ~ ~,,(~

    fOf ~

    Wv.J..

    r~~vevoktve ~

    c>f

    'ftJe ot

    excrq'i o.~s+n.t(.,~
    r'{es~L.(.t'"~ 'f4\~j -trlMA...

    wifitiA -tl-t<2 -t~e.d.wMer h~-feV' V~VSI.LS f-edw~ heo.tuto (0 ~p~ (s to IDD bav) .
    .sCbfEMMtC. j (j 1\/610 "D &fA : See 'Prc)bl~W\ s. '3 '1
    AsSVMPTl.O~~ ~ See 'olwt~11Y\. -+0 'frc>b~ e.31. rtlso) l-e+ To = 293k.
    ANA-L'lS\S ~ 'The s+aftes "'Y"<.. +-~~ ~ iV\ ~ 'Sow.~ -to fProlol-e-\M
    ~s . (\ ) - (,) frO'M..f l-.A. So Lv.. ~ 10 rpro'b\~ e .3 7 QK.(.. lAse.J .

    ([) O.S

    8.37. I='u.(~)

    ~ r~ ~t eXeKi'j o{~+n~.c.~ tv-. ~ t-CeeAw-oJe-Y ~ev-: c.MA; k obkiL-t~d.


    fyaY\l\ ~ cl ::: To <:T'c.v ) I.JkU e. (['c v IS ~ '('c:l.:k f>~ ~1f'~ ~'("()-~cA"w'>\.. I '" ~ C(M.+rci1
    '\J~ SuK'(~J~j

    fu kJ.w~ ~~. rW is
    o~~ + ~I [CI-l;1) Ss + 'j 57,- SG.l +- a-c.\I

    OY'"

    c{ ::

    7;,

    ~I [s, - j

    ~-e ea.lc.u.l~:

    FOOt"

    S1. - (1-)')

    Ss J

    (s)

    r7,. = 1.0 up". =lO ~I ~ee.+..e solu..~.fo7rDb~ 8"~7. Rrr'L

    ~~~'j destr\A..C~'('a;.fe.

    Eet~ @.'l3 K) (t. '13 o~ ~) [~./'3 87 -(0. '2 337)( ". SS'SS") - (:7b" a)(.5 ZI o)J ~I<
    l 'h
    l kw I
    - b. 0
    '1 k.:rI''" I'al,oo
    II
    : /. f:J71 k-vJ
    s
    \ ~~J5
    '1:[

    ":2 tC'A

    4
    Xl0

    7..1-rXI

    To ob+o.~1A ~ &.a-~ ~~-e4 ~ ~ plo-rs) w~


    ITCode
    p1 = 120 II bar
    T1 = 520 II C
    p2 = 10 II bar
    p3 = 0.06 /I bar
    p4 = p3
    p5 = p2
    p6 = p2
    p7 = p1
    Wdotcycle = 330 /I MW
    h1 = h_PT("Steam", p1, T1)
    s1 = s_PT("Steam", p1, T1)
    s2s = s1
    h2s = h_Ps("Water", p2, 52s)
    s3s = s2s
    h3s= h_Ps("Water", p3, s3s)
    h4 = hsat_Px('Water", p4, 0)
    v4 = vsat_Px("Water", p4, 0)

    \M.e.

    LI I a.S

    -Cc lLoc.us ~

    s4 = ssat_Px("WaterISteam", p4, 0)
    h5s = h4 + v4 * (p5 - p4) * (100)
    s5s = s4
    v6 = vsat_Px("Water", p6, 0)
    h6 = hsat_Px('Water", p6, 0)
    s6 = ssat_Px("WaterISteam", p6, 0)
    h7s = h6 + v6 * (p7 - p6) * (100)

    o = y * h2s + (1 - y) * h5s - h6
    Wdott1 = mdot1 * (h1 - h2s)
    Wdott2 = mdot1 * (1 - y) * (h2s - h3s)
    Wdotp1 = mdot1 * (1 - y) * (h5s - h4)
    Wdotp2 = mdot1 * (h7s - h6)
    Wdotcycle * 10"3 = Wdott1 + Wdotl2 - Wdotp1 - Wdotp2
    mdot = mdot1 *3600 /I kg/h
    Qdotin = mdot1 * (h1 - h7s)
    Qdotout = mdot1 * (1 - y) * (h3s - h4)
    eta = Wdotcycle * 10"3 I Qdotin
    Edotd = To * mdot1 * (s6 - Y * s2s - (1 - y) * s5s)
    To = 293 II K

    IT Results for D2 = 1 MPa (10 bar)

    W = 1.76 x 105 kW
    t1

    h1 = 3401 kJ/kg
    h2s = 2764 kJ/kg
    h3s = 2018 kJ/kg
    h4 151 kJ/kg
    h5s 152 kJ/kg
    h6 = 762.5 kJ/kg
    h7s 774.9 kJ/kg
    51 = 6.555 kJ/kg'K
    54 = 0.519 kJ/kg'K
    56 = 2.138 kJ/kgK

    W = 1.577x 10 5kW
    t2

    =
    =
    =

    = 211.6 kW

    = 3422kW

    p1

    t2

    O.

    In

    11 = 0.4553
    m = 9.934 x 105 kg/h
    1
    E = 1.681 x 104kW

    y =0.2338

    PL.OTS ",
    0.46 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    ~..~ ~

    045

    l="

    0.44

    0.43
    /"

    10 20 30 40 50 60

    70 80 90 100

    pz (bar)

    50000
    40000

    30000

    "C

    20000
    10000
    0
    0

    =7.247x 105kW

    10 20 30 40 50 60
    pz (bar)

    70 80 90 100

    io.'(Q,( R.",k~&4e. ~c.\~ hO"""tNj +tr.4. SQ.w..e +u.V'b'''. {",\.e.+ '-o~-h~$


    ~ c.~e.\,\.ser PY'e~~u.V'~. kv..t \'lO 'fe.fje.N\e,or""if>Y'",,) as ttu. ~c.le Dt

    AV\

    !'-I\)Ol,Ol.):

    a?.1 ic

    Prob~M

    C-O'\\.S

    lcl.et'Y~.

    AV\swe.r tk s~~c ,v..e~h:ol\.S 4.bou.* ~ ,~\. ~c.le

    ProbkM 'g'.3f

    QIn

    SCHEHAT\C. ~ 6rWe.tV O.....T A:

    p,:: IZO

    G.S

    ~Se. ~

    bttK'

    r=~~-~--~I~~52C:L---~

    Condenser

    l'::

    Cooling
    water

    .s
    A-\$UMPTlON!l: S~e E)('a.~/e. 8.1

    ANM..'lS\~~

    U~l'tt.,

    ClSSumphont

    aoppYopr,tI..+e. da.+",

    fyoY"\

    t-4

    #..e. SoLu:h.~ ok> Probl.e.p\ ~.3 T

    h,-::.3401.!. k:rlk~) s,':. (g.5S5S k:rI~.K


    h2. = 20\8.3 ,,:rIle,
    \I\~ ':. /51.53 ~.:rl~

    S f'Q,:ie, &f:

    h &f

    Itt 3 + 1.1"3 'f'&( - P.,

    ""

    =151.'53

    :r
    ~

    =15/.53 i(tA)

    '\

    'kT
    or (l.oOC.CiXlO- 3 'r!!!)
    ~ (I'2.0-.ot..)bM's rI OS1 t/Wl4'J.11
    a' "b3 N'M

    12.0'7 :: "3.(" k-Tlk,

    f=or flu. fu,rbl~e

    W"=/-iA::

    h,- '-' 1.

    ~ '3QOI.8 - 20'8.~ '::. 1383.s

    A ~tl J ~ +f.u. (> lA."""f

    Wp/~

    ':. \''i-~3

    -=-12.0,

    k:rlk~

    For fu ~oY'\c.\"'J -tlu.LPl tyc.e..ss i ~ t~V"o~~


    ~\\I\l-M

    -e,

    h, - h't ':.

    kJ'"lk,

    ~t-u..'M ~ e.'Ae~
    31(01.8 - U,3." -:. 32.38. 2. k~ lie.,

    11uJ..\, ~ .~e.V'~ \ e +He. i e41\~ LS


    ' "':. W.f:/-M, ~ I~pl-M :. 0.4-2.1f
    Q\&4 M

    +Wl.

    (412..'10/0)_

    t---------------

    .......

    (.b) ,h.~ V\e.t fowe-r d.evele(> e.!. LS

    W~t.\e ::. ~ f. W.f./~ - Wp/~1

    ::'(lo~)/
    ,'" It\083.'S-'2..0(1~1
    'MW 1=-381
    n
    .'afpOO S
    '<~i L03 k~/s

    J..\W
    WC:lj&Wt
    .......- - -

    T"'-e. l",+ro~t"'o", of +k.Q. oJOe.., feedc..vAfer heA.+-er- ;t1fu +'- cycle.. tJf
    ?~(.- 8'31 refu.\"ts. ~ "'" i~ueAK ~ ;-~.,~ ~U..eIl,\('1 0."'0
    D...

    c:lecve~

    \.0. ~

    l<\A.r r-o\AXU

    de veLop~cL

    r~00LeM K.4()

    v(.

    The. f~~vte.ra:h . vapor power- e.t.;jc(e of Problem f. ~7- is reconsidered.


    In vesf-t9tHe tlte ef.kcf:s em. U;1c{e perfofttUH,Ce. itS fk~ feed.walte". hetUevp(~,ru.r-e. to.kes CH\ o/-ket'" v~ru~. UntS1rtA.ct t;u.ifecble pEofs fAJt.d dCow$S.

    l<NQWA1:

    FIND:

    COr\5Ide,r tltJ.e ~ck. for" w~\ck ,:-eu:1t. o-{l1-SW-1rV p t G ef+'O-evtcles Ie->s

    P\A"""P lttave.
    SCff6MATI,

    G kVGN 'PArA:: See solu..+u)1A. -tD

    .d$suMPnONS: S.ee E)(~rwple


    AN.4LYSIS

    t.

    +t-.e. eM'ec,fs

    8,S J

    t\d

    \Itt-I ~

    +v.x-bJv.e..
    tlA.4M lA.lA-t+y.

    f1..\.tZ.

    "robl~M

    sk~e.s CVN:i. f\.....a..

    8. 3':fi

    l1'h -: tire::: Y),~ = 804'/~.

    The ftrfofmC4.~ce. of #te. Ct..fde. is l;""ve.sf,5a.4ecl h!j determi~I',tJ9


    'ffie.rMt4 I e+fic;eI4Ctj of V~~I'''j ~Il. feerJ.'Wtxfer hwer p~ssu~.

    Oyt

    5
    To ObhLLlIt tfA~

    &..a..k %Y #-e- (~VeJ ~ofsJ we.

    IT Code
    p1 = 120 II bar
    T1 = 520
    p2 = 10 II bar
    p3 = 0.06 II bar
    p4 = p3
    p5 = p2
    p6 = p2
    p7 = p1
    Wdotcycle = 330 II MW
    etat1 = .8
    etat2 = .8
    etap1 = .8
    etap2 = .8

    urc

    h1 = h_PT("Steam", p1, T1)


    51 = 5_PT("Steam", p1, T1)
    525 = 51
    h25 = h_P5("Water", p2,
    525)
    h2 = h1 - etat1 * (h1 - h25)
    52 = 5_Ph("WaterISteam",
    p2, h2)
    535 = 52
    h35= h_P5("Water", p3, 535)
    h3 = h2 - etat2 * (h2 - h35)

    use

    I T,

    as .follows

    h4 = h5at_Px('Water", p4, 0)
    v4 = v5aCPx("Water", p4, 0)
    54 = 55at_Px("WaterISteam", p4, 0)
    h55 = h4 + v4 * (p5 - p4) * (100)
    h5 = h4 + (h55 - h4) I etap1
    555 = 54
    55 = 5_Ph("WaterISteam", p5, h5)
    v6 = v5at_Px("Water", p6, 0)
    h6 = h5at_Px('Water", p6, 0)
    56 = 55at_Px("WaterISteam", p6, 0)
    h75 = h6 + v6 * (p7 - p6) * (100)
    h7 = h6 + (h75 - h6) I etap2
    0= y * h2 + (1 - y) * h5 - h6
    Wdott1 = mdot1 * (h1 - h2)
    Wdott2 = mdot1 * (1 - y) * (h2 - h3)
    Wdotp1 = mdot1 * (1 - y) * (h5 - h4)
    Wdotp2 = mdot1 * (h7 - h6)
    Wdotcycle * 101\3 = Wdott1 + Wdott2 - Wdotp1 - Wdotp2
    Qdotin = mdot1 * (h1 - h7)
    Qdotout = mdot1 * (1 - y) * (h3 - h4)
    eta = Wdotcycle * 101\3 I Qdotin
    mdot = mdot1 *3600

    ...

    Edotd = To * mdot1 * (56 - Y * 52 - (1 - y) * 55)


    To = 293

    IT Results for D2 = 1.0 MPa (10 bar)


    h 1 = 3401 kJ/kg
    h2 = 2891 kJ/kg
    h2s = 2764 kJ/kg
    h3 = 2259 kJ/kg
    h3s = 2101 kJ/kg
    h4 = 151 kJ/kg
    h5 = 152.3 kJ/kg
    h5s = 152 kJ/kg
    h6 = 762.5 kJ/kg
    h7 = 778 kJ/kg
    h7s = 774.9 kJ/kg
    51 = 6.555 kJ/kg'K
    52 = 6.824 kJ/kg'K
    54 = 0.519 kJ/kg'K
    55 = 0.5231 kJ/kg'K
    56 = 2.138 kJ/kg'K

    y = 0.2228
    Ed

    =2.07 x 10

    Vv

    =325.7 kW

    Vv

    = 5194 kW

    p1

    p2

    Vv

    =1.71x10 5kW

    Vv

    = 1.646 X 105 kW

    t1

    t2

    m = 1.206 x 106 kg/h


    1
    Q. = 8.791x 105 kW
    In

    YJ

    =0.375

    0.38

    70000

    0.37

    60000
    50000

    0.36
    ~

    kW

    0.35

    "'C

    w
    0.34

    40000
    30000
    20000

    0.33

    10000

    0.32

    0
    0

    10 20 30 40 50 60

    70 80 90 100

    10 20 30 40

    50 60

    P2 (bar)

    P2 (bar)

    1000

    800

    (l)
    .....
    (II

    ......

    600

    .2?
    VI

    ---+E-

    ~
    .....
    >.

    ---B----

    ...

    ----t:s---fl.--

    0>
    (l)

    iu

    net power (MN)

    ---+- heat in (WW)

    400
    200
    0
    0

    10 20 30 40

    50 60
    P2 (bar)

    70 80

    90 100

    heat rejected (\111M)


    First stage turbine power (MN)
    Second stage turbine power (MN)

    70

    80

    90 100

    W'I
    MSUMpTLONS: Sd-me e.s ~Mf'lc a.s )exceptth&.t-the +~\"'bl I'\e. staj~
    0PUQ..ie. irt Q.IA. i"'+Ull\At~ rcve~H"e. ~"","e.r.

    ANA1.'YSlS: FIrst J +lX eQ,ck o~ t\.\e YY"\~c.\pc:..\ :>~*,et. F-ro'M tw!. SOlU.+l~ to
    Prob\~f'I\ 8.<t:, hI: l$tf7.1Mv.. Jl 'o ) s , ': {,<P)IS" 6k\/ll..oR) h ': C}U.L6k\/lb .. (..\.VW(
    3
    h't .. ~:tl.f 8~/tb.

    sta+~2.: h",oOIbJ.lti..~JS'&=~1 ~
    ~

    Sftc.:fe 6": hs

    1,7.=I~IO,7!kt.llb

    h4 + 7f., 'Ps -f., )

    ". M.1Cf

    i- (.OI""Y

    8::

    ~JI'~~~~1177~

    (n."'eA-Cu~)

    11,., " (10 0

    ,J

    :: "fi.71f +- .2i" :. '70.0lf B~/U~


    ,SfgJe ,,: f,::: /00 Ib+/I'~"': .I $o.t. I;f'u'~ =;> h" 2'1B.& 8kA/lf:,

    Sff<.I-~ '1:

    + (.OI77y)I~;~ 1(((,00 - too) =101. $'" ~~IIj.


    App~ i.~ eV\e.V','j a.~ ~Q.U Y'~ bal(l\lc.es. W +~e. tc:M.-h-ol \Jo\l.'.~e C!.",c.lcs~1Nj +k
    op.eV\ heQ..ter} the k6..eno)\.. ~ 0+ +Low ex+rr.tt...+eJ. at It)CA'ho-.... 2. ;S
    h,,- hs,-1B.(, - '1o.olf
    u
    h 7 ""

    d"

    ttl. +-v~ CP7- P" )

    ". 2'f8.("

    =:.

    ::

    \-t"J.-~s

    (~) To ~~ierM~""c. -tWt

    0.1.00

    ~l

    l1.oli.2. - ;0.0'+
    "'cd:. ~O\iJe-v- c:;J.ev4lopfU( bid ~ ~ctct) b'E'~i.~ wi.",",

    ~h-01 "0\\A,,WJI.. G\.Y'Ou.~

    <L..

    tw. ;u,,\o\\.\-e.

    w~, : n'l- ~'I.) + (l-~

    h.- ~'3 )
    = (Sl.(1.1-l'2IO,7)+(I-O.1.0 01f) ( 11. 1O.1 - Qll.1..) -::'51~.4.~ ~~((b

    Po,.

    +It.

    ~SJ

    )(

    ,~w..ps

    ~ ~ (h"7-~f.) + (I-U)(hS-\t'f)
    'tV\ I
    d'
    =c-~OJ.S - :1.C\8.b) t(I-~.1.ool()(1D.O't-"'l.1Y) ~5.1t{ efq/lb
    wi~ ~I ~ 1\# ){IO" 1I,/k (fr~br.e~ 8.Q)

    ~U;tt\e. =- \N\ \ 1: \iJ~t ~l

    Wf>( ~,1= '1.14 ~ 10" ~) (SlC"l.{Cl-S".lli

    s-ee

    1~ ~ ROOY.IOS

    rr

    We t.lt

    (b1 The ~eV'~l e Ute. i~\I\(~ is

    V\.. ':::
    ':

    W ~c.le

    W UO~l'Q
    Q.~li\
    -M, ( h,- ~ -,)
    (~,OO)<.lO~)
    _
    :&

    0)

    (1.<{,{IOC#)(IS(n.1-~o1.$") -O,<.{sq l4S.Q % ca

    "-

    +"""

    (el The -k'o.c.hcM. 0+


    How w\, ~A.i" rCL~e.s. ~ro"1h. -\-Wt (.o~e.v' is
    (1- ~) : O.lqQ~. Th-u..s) f'kA. Y\U.~ -/-tow rr....te. e-P (.O()'\~ wQ.ter Ul\o'\ \)e
    d4~~\",~~

    frOV\'\

    .0:: (1- 'a)


    ~

    Wt, ( I., 3 -

    ltt,,) .,. Wt "'" (lttCWII~

    he"" 10l.Lt )

    (J-~) h1,Lk,-I.t,,)
    \'\'\ e.w -:. ~------((,c.w.ou,:t - kC.W,l", \

    w;~

    h,,,," k.f (T)


    rile.tA1

    ~P\

    TtA.fo(,A- 2.

    _ (.lQQ Co )( L.'I x to'" Ihl,,) etlll.1.

    - "q." If ) 6~J 1&

    (lIB.oct - ~8,o8 )6,*"11"

    ': Y.11 xio '1lb/~ cq


    "DIS

    cuss.' UI-l ~ (l) S,~ ce so~e.

    ~,.~

    'M'w

    i.s. elCh-C/.C.tee(

    +kL 1uK(')\~~) ~ ,ower

    e(.e,,~lop~ .'" fu ~cJ..ltle~ ~c.f< is ,~u +MIA...for tka. <{Ide of. Pl'Oble~ 8.&1.
    (2.) ;he. r~te t'~ heAt h~f~ +0 +k. wwb., +'lu..i4! I'''ss j~ tfM'o~ +k.c.
    ~get\e-rtl~,... is lec~ .for .~ MC'c4.(:,iet ~e(e. d..tul. to "-e,eVl~m+~ ,i-t ~
    "Petit keJ. c.oo.:kr h~. ::r101 -tfA'c.s e.t.lSe. oJ -Huz.. +tv~-r~ -1ftc.t'ek "1 i.s
    '"1C..t"-w.se.4 ttut 1t9 r~t-\1e.mt~. (3) XIo1 oflAL m~'~leeC ~c.feJ I~s Wla.~
    ~ wO'Yk.,,'"5 fttA.id ~A$t;e1 +f,w-o~k. ~ ~,er J l.e().(:{.llAj +0 e, red.w:~J
    ~ e~ .fer CC>c' ll~ wo.feo

    kN()W~ :

    Th~ '4'~~eAI\eVt).1We. ff)we.y- ~c..le. of Pt"'obk.W\ 8.4-/ is Yh$cli~te~ -10 i... e(lA.~(,
    s~e ~s

    #1.0..+ eo.ch ;"I,vro\",e.


    Q.V\ eP.ttc.ie"c.~

    It'"

    efKc.ie\\~ of 880{0 a.~ l!~ ptA.""f h4.t

    of 80/e ,

    .E.1.W2.:
    Answ~ r fhe. Sa.me llA.uHoY\s .fer' ~ ~l',,:,'ee( c.~c.le.. AS j",
    ~CCfs,MTlc. f <:r\V6#,) DATA:
    ~l ,.,.l.4. xlob IItJ'" U _
    I> '"

    r,:------'1!r.
    G~II\

    rr - - -

    "',.,.-,'//

    ~(1)--{> ~

    1'I.='1100f"

    I Steam
    1 generator

    l tooOF'

    ltloo II.,J~",2:

    ProbleW\ 8.4/

    I
    I

    I
    I

    I
    l!:

    I
    ~

    Condenser..-o

    , rr--

    SAf.II~1
    '1.#.....1

    /00

    (I)

    FroY"'\ Pl'Cpl~_e.41)
    he. ... 2.418.(" tOfv.llb.

    JrNA-WSlS\
    ~d

    fl

    hl -= lS41.1

    8k.A.lfb

    ,- oz.$

    100

    =10.0't ~~/\~. ,'N.u


    V\.r''= ~~P"W: ~s ':. ~S-:'t
    \tJ p. I'M.
    S - '+
    ~;h~ i\4.r~

    ~"'a 0.80.

    l~f(l"Z. 0I.1.I..c( Sll.~ "'S, j

    \tho ~ \1,- ~b( h,- h-as) = lJ.51.l


    :s&,

    =t> X 3 $

    h" = noz. -lth.C. hoz.- ""H) :: q1S.l~ 6\ou.I\'o

    state , ~

    :0-'

    Pump 1

    s , .. (r(i~I$'"8tI,VI2.J h't"'(,.~''''18''''U.J

    8WJlL>

    :O/~11~ )lot3s=Cr~7.S'l.6kv'lb.

    Sm'k S~ S~e 5 is c(e-kY'~\iAe,,( \.lSLIAS ;t.L ~""~ e~'c.ielo\Cc1.


    '-'6S

    \;
    "

    1;->:' "\h .80

    Fro"" T~~kA-I.tE.) S2" : /.(,lg l.f ~/l'o


    .ste4e.'3~ 'SiM'd~\"\':1) p.,,=/ IWlth~ ):5u

    ;1..t.u..s

    I (1 -

    8.4-1 el'eepr tztl "'tz '=. 98 c:wA l1.p , .

    tl-~'30

    So

    W"'I/~)s

    y)

    Pump 2

    Stedc. "': Lbe t~ fur"I;'C slta.,c eU.ic.ie ... ~. FWs"'.JP.~:.


    hoz.~ -e, I':UO.l ,?\U..llb (Prob\."" 8.41)
    ~

    ~, ~ ~tJl W:

    I.

    Open I <J-feedwater
    1 healer I
    5
    I
    I
    l'
    !J

    '"~

    P~

    A-ob/-e.~

    (1$

    s
    A?SU MPTloNS: ,sa.m.

    '"'

    /-

    --11

    =t> hs ':. I.t't+ C\.tss-hlf)/h p

    h 'ls ~ 301.5'" 0kA./lb CM.wl. h,

    r.. o.b/eM 8.41

    n-oW\

    '

    7E>.llS ekl/(h

    =hf.> + (hu - "''' )/ltl"

    :: 3/)"1.7 6.Ju./lla
    The ~h.o~ 'j ot- +~ tv-rbi ... e

    ~
    (dl ,.~ r- ..fk

    = \1"-\"5
    ""-a.- \lIS

    ': 2~8." -1o.n5

    IOCD..t~;l. is

    ::.O,IQ3S'"

    l1.5'I.1 - 10.llS

    +u.t- hi kC.s

    W-t!w",
    a,wJ- f{u.

    .q.lo"" e~h(.'kcA o.t-

    :(hl-"'z) t(I-~)(Lt~-~3)
    :: (1$41.1- \25'1.1)+ ( - 0, (q~~)( I'tS I. I 41$. IS) -::. 5"( 9.1':) B-k.\/l b

    pu.~s

    Wp /.;".,.

    ':.

    (1.1 7 - ~'" )

    -c I-~){ Lt!5 - kif)

    :: l'~O't.1.2ct,.,,\.(L-.((BS")('l0.lIS-''t.''If)': ~4D'Z.. ~ftA,((b

    8'-'7()

    P~06c..eM 8.4-'2. (Cot1-fd.)

    Tw.s

    (b)

    W~c.l~

    ::

    ~, (W-4:.I~, -Wp/~ll

    (t~q

    )((0(0

    ~)[ 5Ilf,I'5 -(q.<iO-z.] ,*:: l.(g

    The ~(~A.( 4LcielAetj i~

    It =

    W~c.Ie

    1,lg x,os 6k../k

    ...

    u. &f }( 10"

    ~ ( h ,-ltt '7 )

    lblk) ( 1$'(1.1 - 30 ((,7 ) ~kVlb

    = O,t.{ 11 (41.3 %)
    )

    e 81/tt ..

    1(fO

    The. mA"s -flow rwfe c.-t


    ~c.w

    = (/-~)

    ~J

    XIO 7

    1t

    C.CO(I"';9 wo..~1" PttS~I'1V1

    h", )
    =
    k'''''.lk

    (h3-

    hc.w,o"'1 -

    ::: S.l(

    ...

    lbl h.....~~

    0-'1/

    -tll\f'olA.'~ +~e. ,oh.J.e~e,..

    i.s

    (I-./Cl35")(I.'1XIO(")Cct7S.JS"-,,.7Cf)

    --~~-------~
    (lIS.o' - ~B.oB)

    P~00LEM

    cB.43
    Th~

    ideaf RaMk,i-te

    ~e(e

    ef- frDbloem 8.b is modcf.tee{

    -k>

    ,,,,clMd~

    st.rpet"btea.teJ. V'!fJ~r en+e~,;.q +Lee. .(.~rs+ tu~bli-se. ~e. ~ net One <'feYt fqe.J.wOJler
    heater. Sak,vaJrul. I ijutet (.r; i'is fl.te. fe.eJ.wevfe.,. heAter 4~d o#.er' d.a.te;...
    are. k.JIlOwn.

    IsNOWIJ:

    Defeoni'ne -!or -Ike W)~dfICd ~de (aJ -fke VIer work.. per ~ e,f .sk.rA...
    flow eKWtI~1 t(,A -ff,rst .f.t.uV,;"e. s~ J <.bJ +k.e tke"1\(~( effic.ieu~J aM
    (e) tl1.e, ~eo:f -ftut\sf'ef'" 10 CODII~~ w~te.~;11\ ~CAin.J.euser per
    ef
    Sfe().M flow el1.+e.YI~' #vl. -?t:r,t.J:t..ubi",e s~.

    k3

    5C~GMMlC.

    {jot V~1J

    D411t:
    I

    rr------ll
    I Steam
    I generator

    I
    I

    I
    I

    I
    I

    I
    ::'J

    l.!:

    f''J,.

    '-:::/

    Wp

    Pump 2

    A>SUMenQfJ:>~ S~rne tiS )(ArtAople. 8S) e~ce.p/-li.(. /-u,.b,Me.. ..s~e~


    .i-l+e.("~'l~ r.elfeYSlbfe ~",,,,e,..

    '-:::/
    Pump 1

    oftra.k. iv.

    ~""

    et).(,lt of fl-re. py,'~c,i 1'(,( J skt1es.


    Sfa.fe l: P," /fJt\tfPc.. =IBo kGllt" T, =-SbOOC
    ~ =344,C{. II k:J/lcj J 5, :(, .4392 1c'J"1I~.K.

    AN!rv\{SI5:

    FIrst) f;x

    5irde- z.: f'2.:' I

    rtfo. :: 10 t-eAIY

    s~ =s I ~ X~

    =o.q(, 7

    h 7.

    .shde S.:

    ().D"

    hS ~

    ~~~ sa.f.li~ C4id =I>

    t. 't .... vv. CPs -Pt.t)

    :. / Sl.S3 t- (I. O!)(,\{lC(()

    k't = /51.53

    ~ 7 If.fI 1c.:T lic,

    ""3 =/982.3 kS"lIc,

    Sfah.3: P3:::."!r.P4 :'b.D~"ew:,5~::L~ ~ X3~O.7S18.J

    StaiQ, If: Pet::'

    ::.

    !:J"I'-q

    ~3
    '''1) (10 - o,o~) ba-r

    v;., :.1.DOC,C/XI03 '(I!aJ/t:,

    1/oSN,rn2.11
    (k'J I
    11",4..... lO~W'''''' i

    =. IS J S ~ + /.00 :. / S 2..5 2> k:.:r l ~


    .5mfew:

    Sfq:fe1 :

    p&. :.

    /0 bars J

    ss. I i~tti()( =t> J-t" :. 1fo2.61 1oT1~ I V4, = 1./27311./0 VJI'~/~


    3

    :. Pt =18o~cw
    t..., ~ ~"t- 'trc. (P7- P,, ) =(1h2.S') Hl.lZll)W)')(90-to ) [ice]

    :. iSf.'t71c;r1~

    First, applA.t Ii.,., V\\.QC;;S tUo\cL e\1e~~ rede hc<bnces to ~e c.cm;fyol VO{UrMe. ekclosI.,
    i't-1e ~e~ '\e~:fe.r. #Ie. frAc.tuM l;j et fww e1(fy~+etl. at 2 is
    h b - hs
    162.81 -15'2.5.3
    u ::.:.
    :: 0:2. 385
    (J
    h'Zo.. h S
    "1'L~-t5'2..~3
    The. ~ WOyk. cteve,(~p~J ~CJ i"'-a. fuAbl'" e per lAki. t "YV\tA.~S flow el.1.kV""j
    tite first tu.y~l""e. s~e. is

    (a.)

    PR06<M

    CCO'ltt'& )

    B. '(3

    w+./~ ~
    I

    (h.- hz.) +

    (J~lj) (J,2.-"'~)

    :. ('54~1{.'-{- 27(1.(0) f- (O.7fQfS) (Z711 - ,QS2.3)

    -:. 12>8. 2. ~~ (~

    fer -#te 'PtA.~S


    Wplw. , : (I-~) (/'5 -t-rl.() + ( h 7 - h,,)

    5, ~j I o.d'j)

    =(D. 7"15)(152..'53 -15/.53)


    = /<1 /12. '&.\f I bj
    7hMs, -#te.

    tle.f W()Y-".

    f-(7f,/.Q7 -1/'2..8/)

    ic

    "

    W~~l~ : ~-t _ ~ :. l2.hS.5 ~\l" / b ...


    Y\-'\

    Cb) for fk~ LVorlt..Yt9

    ftuie.t fCtssl1N3 ~roWjk #te ~+.etArn [jelltera.'ft,r

    ~ :: h,- k1 -::.

    n.US J

    --:...-

    W\ \

    "'" \

    3444.'(-'761.'1, -::.).(,ftJ2.4

    !:.J/lc.j

    thQ fltlerV"\A.l e-ic..;e"clj is

    'l ~

    WUod,c-lQ./Mt ::. IZl98.3


    Q;".{ M.
    )."" i
    Ce) Fo,. tke. wark., Y1~ -?(tA.it( fCLSS' "'J

    G.~u.r ~
    rna

    (I -

    ~ ) ( h3 -

    ::. 0.47"

    (L(7.".o~)~4!f-

    +lArolA.JlA i-t...e. (DndeV\S~r

    I., ~ )

    = (O.76/S)(ltiSZ,3-'S/!S3)

    = 13Qtl.1

    kJ"II~4Ci4----------------

    ~-73

    PRo6c.EPt 8. +4 .

    KNOWN:

    Th(J,r~!le(leV'aftj,e V'-P()r 'power~de sf Frohlem 8.'13 ;,s modttJ~-lo


    ,.~ du.tle ~ (O..ClA ft,vn,'IllQ. 6~~ GlM f/.l.~ ~a.s A"" Isel1:lr-epiG
    eftie j t.1I\c.Cj of B5-/0.

    FIND:

    See Se'l.(,t(.~ -10 Problem B. ~3'.

    SC~LC

    t (;,velJ

    PM2\::

    Same as f=><:(),W\.I'Ie. 8.5.1


    -::. Yip, = It PI. : O.SS.

    6SfllJMPTlOA!S:

    It.,., ... n~1.

    e xcep-t
    S

    First, ~(X. eocl "f fl-te. priv.cipAI sft;c:les.Frvrn Proble,.,. 8.'1.3) h,=- 34'1'1.1( kJ/y,
    s,:6.f3'iz.Ic"Jlte..,I~, ~4 ::.lS/.S3 Ic.TIIC4J) AMd h" :lb2.6Ikj/~.
    state. 2: (jSI~~ +he -kt.... IoI~e ef{.,Gt~lIt~ J 1\t-. ::. l"I-~z.)/(k,-ku). Wi{.f,.. ~zs: 2.'U.~ k:TlJc,

    AN4L.VSIS:

    ~ Prob\eV\l\ S.\(3

    ~"L-::.It\, -

    \t\i,(hl-h-zS) :. ~8A1.5 lc'J"f{Cj


    l""+er~olat&~~ \l'\ TA~I.e, It-Ii J ~~ = 0.& 8o( k~"~ 1<
    st1e. 3 ~ Sl~ i' 4.""~ P.J -: D. 0(0 ~I 5 3$ =5z. =9 X 3 S =' 0.7887 )
    I

    T~s~ h 3

    ~1.- n-t:'t.(k'Z.-~u):'2J71.7 ~\J'/~.

    Skit. S: US'h~ +ke. p~rwp el!+iC.;~hCA.:1'


    6.Lf3; hS s :=' J52.S.i L:J"/te..,. rkus

    I-a as =-.2oS7. 0

    y)f)/ =( h S"s - h &I) /c hs -h'i)'

    J,a:rfJc,

    PrOM I'robf.e""

    h s =h" +(hs :r -

    "' '1 )/ k p, : / 5 2 . 7 Ictrllc,


    Sta.fe 1: Q~j Ia.rly J wifl.1 h, S : 7!J 1.97 lcJ"/~ fr""'J ProJ,{-e1M. 3.C/3

    ~'7 = h, ~ (f",s - "',,)/ ~~

    (~) U"ci1j -I-lAe mo~f t.eJ d.~


    ~ = o. Z2S' ~ VV4: I ~t

    W~.'le :

    1100.7

    Me

    (b)

    CD

    (C-)

    =. 'lrs.'1

    IJ/~

    111.'1. 2. 1c'S/~ ) ~p Iw.., ~ :2 3.4 9 fc;TJ~

    k.;r1l~44-_ _-----------~~
    ___

    Q.\lA{~\ ='2"S~ J{~ D.M.J...l'(, :.0.414 (Ii/,,/ 0!t.)..

    Q~ / oM I

    -:.

    IS 58.3

    kJ/~..,

    }L

    GfJuJ-IWt.

    .. COm-P.CLrtV.q these- res..M.ts w;.,.,1t, thOSfl.. ef ProbleM 8.</.3 itltJ..iades


    ~t4:t . ~"li.te A.W::l (j~ ir-r"(yers-'-hi Ufi:s affect ~e... net work. of fk9:. CA;1de.
    5Iq~'tk.JL~11~) +h~re"'1 CA.t<...slkj ~ St,.'ufiu"-t drop ,'" ~t.(MCt( effLc./ev.lj'

    PRO\3L'EM 8.4-5

    The. 'io\~l Ro.vdc.i.... e c.~cl~ 0+ PYobkIM

    Jc:;.t-.!OWtJ:

    8,2.

    is 'Moc:f.itlee;( -to iV\cll.\&e

    Oke

    clesea ~e& wcdev V\et\.+er Gfero..t\ ~ Q..t 0.1 Ma . Thq c.o~e~trle.fvo""


    -t~e hefA.-t~t'" is tnrpeJ \V\\-O ~e co\\Jel.\.ser.
    AV\.swe~ tiA(. so..W\~ ,u.es.+l.o\\S a.~\.l-t +ke -MC)cXl~l~ c!:Jc/e as 111

    ~:

    Probl-em 8.2 (XI\.A discuss


    1

    SCltEAAT1G

    6[\ \lEN

    tk~ r~~(,L.(1s,

    J>.o6tTI'\:

    Trap

    ,~

    (Y)--{> ' -

    AsSOMPTtOfJS: (I) ea.c.lA lOn\.poneld is Q.Y\Q.IIJ7:eJ at 4. ~fn:,J \foLu.tke,q,f steQ.ety


    s-ht.e. (z) All proc-e~ses of +k l.VOYlc.\~j ku..U:t A.ye \I'\+er~lly ~I/evslb'~ J eJCc..ept
    for tiM. e:('Q.M.si~ tk(O~~
    ftA.ro1tI,~~ ve lve (a. -\'\owot\ llV\.j process) o..\\.~

    ttte

    i\.\ t\...Q. c.los~cA .(-~eJwo-tef' ~eq,teV".(3) T~e. +u..-~t",e~) P\A~J~1Lc! feeJWA.t~,. he"t~lf
    O1'e~e (1d.((t~a.h",(" ~ ttl K\"'e+lc. o..~t:l lPot~~ii(1..1 e~e'.9CJ effe~k (l(e nejIi3i~tc.
    (5) Co\'\Gl-e\l\StA.~e e,,l.ts :tkct e,\o~ ~~ as: sa.~e& l i\\.\.U( cd ., loaNs oM.c.{ -tWz.
    ~e.r CA.$ sec..~e& 1i \ u.Li cd 0 ,()~ \oQ,vs,
    ANAV:{Sl~: f~\-st)+l)c eACu'ef +ke frl.l.\(,Lp()l.( s~tes, FroO'\ t\te ~o\u.t\.0\0\.1-o
    'Pro'o\e~ 8.'1.) h, = ~348.l.i k::r/~ .Is,: b.b58'=- \J/~,~, ~3: ~082.Cf k.J'lkj )
    ~4: \13,~8 "~I~) ~ ~5 :: l6L't\f \c:rllCAj,

    Sa..!e.

    'P'L= 1 bM")

    2.',

    'z.:.S\

    )('2.=

    .'l8CfS )

    h,,= Zi41.8

    k:J"'/l~

    r"

    ~je fo:
    cSWe 7:

    ,,,: Ts~ (/!>'7 "CCt" ::. ((05 C)


    =80 hct.r ~ from T4"'e. A-S
    h (p 'Z 701... ~::r Ik.g (" c{ou.Cole i nreypola.tlOlo\.)
    'P, =7 ba.r.~ Ga.t. I i~kte( -=t> h'7 ::.
    ~2 kr/lc,

    sfa-k e:

    "'111rottll~~ process

    ,,'t,.

    =t>

    ~8"

    k.., :: iPtt7:Z.2. Ic.~lk~


    loc.c.l~kC:CS 10 ~ c...tos-e& ,feeJwtd-er hea.ter,

    A-fP~ l~ ~~ ..s CI.",-ck.. eV\eV','i ro.te


    +~e ~C+L(n\ ef ~low ~ ~rlYn.d-eet cc-t 2- is

    h" - ~s
    '102 - ISl."ll.{
    ~: "''1.-~1:' z.-r"il.&-b"l1.'Z.'2. = o.Z.S4't
    @-) TO ~\"'~ -the. ~e,,* trAttster Ylcle. Q\~) 'l+ \5 -t-\rst ",e(.essa,vIj ok> a-eteV'M\"e
    -tlt\e. mQ.SS ~Lc>w VCA.ie 'M \' To d.o so) b~~ ,,\;\. W'\i'lA.,

    \NJ

    e,

    ( \ " \- '"

    1.) + (l-~) ( ~ 1.-

    ~ '5\

    I~serH~.9 "o.tu.es

    ~I

    :. (o3'(tB.'t - 1."'letl.S)

    + (1- .'2.$~'l )( .2'l'iI. 8 - 2082.') = 100(7. t:t 1cJ"1l"

    S\M\ \Q.r~

    ~
    ~ ~S-~'t:' \~\.D(4-\i3.~S ':. g.~~ ~r/k.q-s
    lV\,
    ~Ow J w'\+",-

    l W~/w..1

    ~ ~c:.l~ ::. ~ 1

    - Wp/v\A\

    l::~e m4.c;.s flow rate ~, \5


    ,

    ( I Co Xl 0 3

    '(V\, ::.

    ~W

    I k~/s

    )
    /,

    (1011." - 8.0e-) k:r/~

    I \:W

    ~S, ~ ~t -httlA.s.(:e.y n:d~ G..\~ is

    G\'", ~

    --M l (~I- ~b) ==~I.~(, ~


    S

    )(33\t8.t -702.)'t! I~
    ...,

    kw""'-a.--

    ::. Zlf3 Xl0 3

    lcj1S1

    ----:=

    (b) The. +Ltev~\ et-t-Cc.ie~CAj ts


    100 Xl03 k,w

    ~:

    2. "13.",03 k.W

    For -+~e l..O'W1eMSer) ~C!.

    (Co)

    0.:
    St>\"l~

    -rn, L(l-~)

    O. If I 2

    ::

    W\.4.SS

    h3 +

    (4 \.2. /0 )""'l.;a~------------::..

    t.l~ e",erj~ r~

    ~(,,"cez.s r~cMtce +0

    h't ] + ~'W (h'w)i... -

    'j. l-,e -

    hCVlaOlo.t)

    .fo...- +t,vz. c.ooh~~ WMer f(.ow ~e


    -M 1

    (l-~)

    "" ~

    + ~ h8

    ~ 'f J

    'Mc.w:.-----.,;.-=---=------:~---=---=----=--

    w \H~ \-lew 1l:.


    ,

    '(V\

    c.w

    ~~ CT)

    .frOM

    \a.lo\- A.-2-

    ~\.,,, ~ )(3bOO~) L<.,'tSfo) (2.o82,.t:t) +<.7.s4'4)(~q1.t2.)- 113.88'


    ~:r
    ~ 8
    ( Itt<D.bS - lo2.'\~ ) k:;l'"7~

    ': (o.l"\"t'l<lO"
    D"OOf$iCM.'

    ~e.w

    \c..:)'l1 ,

    (I) "~e. V\~t wo('lL ~r l.l\\.~t 'M,k~S .ew\-er\~ t~

    less ~ ... ~~ l'\'Iod..it ie~ c.~c.l-e

    t-lvst +utbl~~ is

    1'kQ.\I\ ~ -{-k( ideo.\ Cl.ic.k.. '~s.) -toY' +~ ~1\\e


    mor. MJ.t..~S Y\'\.lA.St flow +\Y-oW}~ ~ ~M ~~~e~r.
    (z. ) Tke 'ro.*e C)~ heAt \\\.p \A.t 10 ~e wc)"lc.' ~ ~~uAd. ~A. ~S\ "'1 +\'\rov..,h the sfe.,,\\\
    ~~",e"o.*o~ is less ~ -\-Wi 'MOd.lHed ~e(e IOec~~~e ~~ r~eV\eV'~+to", i\l'\ +l4e
    c.\oseJ. ~e.J.u.)4~.-t~r "'CDl+er. As ~ r-esv..l t I i'ke. ~~nw~\ e ~lc.\e\A~ is lVlcrea.seJ..
    c..~) ,1Ae. ro*~ 0+ he~.:t '('-eje.q.~Ol\ -lo c.ooli\l\~ wo.:ker ls len fo,. ~ ~ocllfie.e(
    ~ c\e. ) \ e.tul\ ~ ok> CA... S vv.A Her coo l ~ ~ W~etT' +-tow ro*e

    Y\(.t

    ~wet 0 t.l~v.;~)

    The reqe.vtero. f.

    KNOWN:

    ve. v~por powev'" cycle. of Pd,lem B.lts" is recoJ'tsidereJ.

    Ivavesfiga:fe. -Hte eUec-b <:>n f"!'vforma.nce. tlS' extraciio; rresJu~ ~Ites:


    oVlo+her va.~ues. C!.on.struc..r s,!-ifabf.e. pLo~ a",d discuss, Consider
    both reverscble tHld Irrevers,-ble operttfloY\. ()/- fltle fuY/oIVle .s~es
    aM fCA-nAf.
    $ScHEMATiC. $ GrIVEAJ DkTA: See: .solufLDl;\ +0 'Problem B.lIS.
    ASSUMPTiONS: See solu'i-Lol1 10 ProbleM 8.'1S'. A-lso) Viti ::IVlez.:a ~p:: 80% for
    the second pa rot.
    ANALVSIS: The performa. .... ee is iYJ\le~f-t9fed b~ de-iermiYl,Vs!J +t,e, eftecfs 0\1
    -H-terma I e.f+;c;eJ1.~ of VO,Yfjil19 +he feedwa:fe(' hettkr e)(fni'e.fiok Pt?~$urrz.
    fiND:

    Froo ft1e. T-s dl(M3Y'A.M} W~ see fk(,c,f


    5rn;fe (pI moves hiqnef" (;l' tk.e e.:lCh--ad-,OYl
    p. r~ssv r:e I~crea.~es. This ('~dM.ces #\e.. heA.t
    I~p(,(,.t 10 +fA'!. '-!Ide. bfo~ve~ -from (~) use:
    see -fi1ctf +h e ""'4dLO~ ~ of fie fofl fU>w

    e.'i:mc-t-ed Q.f

    .1

    oiso ,'hct"eases. Tl1i.s

    490 Dc

    "I

    ,.~&U.lf::s

    ;'" less. tn4~.s f.lc>w #troCA.tj1, +ke second


    '/v-rbcv.e st~e. J()Ml.l H~nce.J tess power
    e'fA.i:fuf.. Tht. tte.t effect is. a..SI9f\ifiCIMtt
    'ed.Ucf-f..O'1'\. -H1ermcd ef+tGfehc1 ) o.s

    'n

    ill u.s froJ'ed iJ,t (b).


    A.toftte.r fo..cf-c>(' +,at rekce.s fke. powU'"
    ot.Atpc.<;f- is. th irr~VMS; hie e.ltp4I1Sit.H1
    tteross -+he VAlve. This e~fecf (,c,lso tpDr5et'\S
    At ~ her e2'trf.tVtUrn. pres&uye .

    t,

    1.00

    0.5

    0.80

    0.4

    0.6e

    0.3

    Tll1 = Tl12= Tl p'= 100%


    / Tll1 = Tll2 = Tl p'= 80%

    TI
    y

    0.40

    0.2

    0.20

    0.1

    0.00
    o

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    0.0 ~_....l...---.J_--I..-~.J.........----I-_~--..l.---l
    0
    10
    20
    30
    40
    50
    60
    70
    80

    Feedwater heater pressure - bar

    Feedwater heater pressure - bar

    (0..1

    (1-

    !c::NO\A)kt..

    WClteor is f'-'-t. wo~k.\~ fhA." d

    I'" 0...

    lL",owV\

    (lY'".e.

    E\~bi

    Sc.HEMAnc.

    Q,\J.cA

    Y"~~e.W\enA.t\ve v~for powe"" c.lJde

    -reuwC'\,:\ev- ~4!~ter. j)(l.~ cx.t variolAS JOC4,hUM


    t~ Y1t+-7 o w er-ov..-tpe.t+i5 giveV\.

    wit\A One c losee:t

    'D~e",W\\W\e.(O) -t~ -tkeV"W\Al dtLeie~':f Aa.u,l (~)


    ~
    -kAV'~\\'e. sto-~ e..

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    ~-S~oc

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    T C.-= 170C. 110.-oo..-----=........,...


    - ?'to ~W Closed sec\-

    W'-'j eo'" -

    feedwaler
    healer

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    ,,(Y)--{>

    _'I

    c.o~POII\ lfac.t is Cl"4Iljz~~ ~ ~ eD",,~1 IfoLu_e a+ ~~~


    s+te.fe., (2) All proc.esse of. +~ wo~k.\~ .e.t~col. ~f"\e. ,"vt-k ....'NltU~ re.,N'ersdole)
    exc.e.pHo~ ~ e\C.~o.~,i~ -ti-.C'O\A..S\.t ~ -n-Af> (0. +h.-o11\\"", IfOC..~~) o.~ iW\ ~ e\O\eet
    .f~e.l~~ heCA.-"e~. (3) T~e -kM\~e$ J \>""~) o..vJ.. fee, wAwr ke.t:t+e v: lSlferA.~
    Cll.cl~bC&'h:c.C'(ll'j .~Ii) k\~e~c.
    pofewna.( e\l\erS~ eUe.cu- are V\e.<t)(j,l,\e.CS)

    each

    Ctn\tAe..",~~ e.xits

    6M.et

    tWt c\o\eJ hetA..+er o.vA +Iu2. C-O'l\c!etAs.r ~ t>o.~~


    pre s.nolUS.

    0.+ ~ r.e,'pec.hille

    ANAt.'.JS\S', fl~st"J .f..\X e~"'- 0(. ",1f.A


    ~~ Po :./20 beer ~ T, ::$2.oC

    ) i'tIA.\A

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    ::t> 1-1,= 3C101.$ k:r/lc.", > s,=b.SSS5 1c:r/k':).K


    st(l.!t-2.~ p3,=/obu.r- )053,=5, =t> "a'= 0.'1'".1 h2,,'= 2.7iP'I.2. k:r/l.::.."
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    Sia.tQ.s: ~S r.:s hli"'1r<cC.rS-p~)
    \&.'r

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    = /0

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    ... US'.';3

    + 12. 0 '7 = /" 3 . "

    ba,y- ,) T" :.

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    Sfe.;f~e' 7h,.ott",,,~

    I O~

    h., -: 7~2..81 ~J"lks


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    (~) A-PP~;"'5

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    l Oc.a.+io~ 2'is
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    ~I

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    PrtOlal.eM 8.4:r (Cow\: lei)


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    A~J. I

    ffrr t1,c.4. p~~


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    :.

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    Qt ':. h\ - ~<.

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    = ~401.8 - 125.8(,,)
    fu -H..~\'""MA.\ e ~lc.\e\'\Oj is
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    (b 1 T~e V\I\~\ flow 1(t4~ \lAto +"'~ ~lV'St tuv\' ilAe.

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    : q/H XW 5

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    l

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    .

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    T~e. r~eVl.'(.~wh\le vCAfOt" fowe.t" ~de et i>r()b\e~ 8.t47C is rnodif,~-Jo


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    ~~

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    :. 0.82. .

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    ~'i -=- 151.53 k:r\k3

    "'5-=

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    hl. S =. 2.7"CI. '4 ~/l" (PrOb\~1M 8.4'1)
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    Fro~ TGl~\e A- Lf

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    0 21051

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    for ike J'\L)( '~9 of $feAmS B ~ h -to form ~. ~) O~ a.s,u.~p+t.or\S o.fZ2 ().S i~

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    l

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    s

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    = S(pt.:t.

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    hit 1

    ( h,,,,,,O\A.t - ""~,\"')

    hc.w ~ ~~lT) -fn,'M "Tca.\o\e A-2E.


    ~

    (i. 'f Y.\O Co


    c:.l.U':

    '~J ~) ( (O.iS I)Cfll,1. + (0,"2 t'l) 2l!El.b - {,CJ.1 "11 e~/lb

    -----------------------

    (ye.o'} - 2.8.08 )

    ::: q,~~O

    )0

    Ih/h

    ~~I\~

    d~-------------------

    is e~~etec:t.fyoY'\"l t-k-e. -J.u.y),''''e.) +~ POW&V"


    t~ MeH1if,et-< ~ele is ~s ikt.:LII\ ~ ~ ~(..(e 01- ProbleM B. q. C),) rite
    ~te 19;' k.ea..t ~s4-er fc U.i wcrk.ins flU.lct p",.s\~ tuvo,,",k. ~ "ktU1 ~.e"'~4-1or
    is l-efls.rc,.. #teo mod.I4llcc( ~e.tt be i-O n~tlAe~11.h\. I~ ~ c.Lor-e~ -t-e.ed wt:ll.'4-er.
    heo.t(.V". J:'1Il ikis eIl&e. ~ tf,...e,r-mtt./ e-Pf-i.C:leM.c'j is it"lcr"ea.s~J ~(.le fo r~e.r4fttn\..

    "D/SWS'Sion:

    d.e",e.(ope~

    (I] SI"C& So~c. ~S$

    I''''

    ....... T.
    'e.- Sctt I1b

    6.
    I

    100 lbf{ik~'C~IOS-ed""-"""'......,..J
    feedwater
    heater

    Trap
    ,., 8
    (Y)-{>

    Ap~(')MPTlQN.s: SAMe a.~ Pro"J.eM 8 .50.) e~ept

    1\+1"

    "tt~

    ::. .88 a.aut

    ,\_,

    ~p : .80.

    a.s-

    o, hi '541.1 Bkt/1b) s, 1,<tllS" 6iJ~bQR.J h'l::I.~.1t18kt1fA


    ANAt.'tS\S~ From probkn\
    It,,= 101.10 01-/''',) h..,-::2."i8." ~f<A.I{bJ "'8 =~7=- 2.'ie,., 8-4ultb.
    ,1

    5+a.ft ~: (,{$~ ~ ~b,~e S~(l. etfic.,e"~. F,rst,)!... ~IOO IIoHI~~ Q.~ ~2.~=S,,>
    ka., ~ (1. 10 ' 1 8fu./Uo (P,.obl-e~ a,!)b) ~ 1iw.s

    _ w~,
    I~
    \-\ I-\'" z.
    l1.t,-(,:, /') -:. \. I.
    ~h"Z.= \.a1-l1.-b(~I-ku)=('Z5I.\ 6~/11
    "~"'I 1M

    V\ I

    \1\ U

    Fn:)t" Table Ao-ttE J ~'Z. :; (.<t1~1.( BJ.<.</Lb ,OR..


    5Imi((1.l""l~) ?3=1 L"f/l"~'>S3'=Sz. =t>~$=o.go111

    awe. 3:
    7ttus..>

    h a = hoz. - \o\t'1o (~2.- "'lS)

    = cns,(... B-kAIIl

    S+o.-fe 5:: S-#ak 5 is -tVtf!et ~;"" ~ flA.""P eff-e.c.ie",CA;J


    h Ss ~ '14,S",eJ.u./lh . -rk-us
    Vip:'

    Ttte .f.ro.ch~

    h'f

    J.. I
    =s,..> tlS

    e>+ fu

    ft.(,rb,~e

    h" - Its
    !II 'I.. k ..,

    ~ -=.
    (ttJ

    \-ls-\.a'f

    hS$ -

    :::. tl",,+ ("'5$-h~) h p

    507.0g

    =O(l.>ll

    For fltA. fU.~

    1O~/l~

    Probl-eM 'i?SV

    #-OW e~~cJe.J o..t IQCA:I..Z.~.;t is

    ::. (~l-~~) 1-(t-~)("'~-~3 )


    : (. IS<i1.1- ('251. t)+ (l-O.1.~1 \) ((~S\.l -Q1 S;z..)
    =.

    FV-Orvl

    =15.1,S-aW/b

    FOr ~k +<.t.t'bi\l\e ~~es

    ~,

    Il1u~ 'f37.SS8#t4/U,

    'd :

    \'5 - ~ 'f

    .:

    i5./ IS-t.ct.7'( :.

    5.Q15 6+<t lIb

    A~ ~ k.9-t power tJ.evelop~~ i~

    W~tl~

    ::.

    'M. [W-e/~l - Wp/~, J

    LS07.0g -5.'17S] ~

    : ll.Lt~lOCtl ~)

    .: 1.01<#

    ><lO 8

    6Ju/"

    OIIIiIOIIIiI

    Wclfele.
    -~.o&.=

    (b) T~ ~~\ ~4C:c.\~lII.Uj iot

    V\.~

    Wtijc.l~

    G.,~ - ~\ (~,-\t b)
    (1.0n Xl0 8)

    ::.

    lC)

    1'\-\e.

    Wt.tgde

    ----------(.1.* ~lOCo) (

    IS'l1.1-

    ~w ""*e e.f. COo\

    'fV\.C4"'\

    vhc.w ':.

    oM,

    .: (I."

    ~Ol.~)

    -s

    w~ r

    l (I-'j) h a + ~ h 8
    (h 4 "", , O CA t
    X, 10

    fII) I(

    =. S.'Z.(:l'XI0 7

    :. O,C(O''Z. (40. 2.

    %) E
    -S
    -------

    ta.~s;~ ~~k

    +\,..a c.cTNte.~s~.,..

    l03

    '" 't ']

    hCWli~)

    (O.7(,p"tQ)Q1S.'2. .... (.;z.~1()4'8." - b1.7V]


    ( 4-e.~~ - 2.8.08 )

    ib/h .....~

    8.

    Pf{O&EM

    5"2
    Pro~le.fI1 8.(0 ~s m~cl.tf,f!d fo 1J')d\.\.~e s....,er_
    tLte -A-~rl" ~l ke s~e 01 ~ ~ closed feeJwa:f~,.. healer 'U~I~j e.i+rAc-led skAm . jhQ coW;("'~s~e .fn:,m +~e he~V"
    is trfll1'ped ~Vaft> +~e. c.~e~se.r.

    The. ida( Ro.",kilAe f'dcle. of

    KNOWN:

    heo.tec{

    E1..tJJ.12.:

    vo.pcr el.1.kJt.i~

    DefeV"W1;I1ecC') ft1e.vae.fr.o:>rk. pef' UJi1;&:{- of steAm .flow e""lvz.l~ +lie tty-dtu.~I~e. sfn.,e.J <bJ l11e -I1!terrna.1 e++LCte&ACfj J a.~&. (c.) tl-\e heaf -lrttl'ts1er

    to

    c:ool/''''~ w~ .... r(A..Hl~ ~\"Owt~ ~Q.. U)~e(' per t.e.n:l.t MO-~s

    SteA.M evtkr"(&-\! tke f~rst tu.~l~~ s~.

    ~Cl:fcMAr'(.

    t!

    ef

    GIVEN MrA:

    Trap
    ,(Y)--{>

    .....,

    A55VMprlQtJS:(tJ Ea.cIA cew'p",,?eut i$" o.n{A{YZe;J. as l.t e.tm:1roI vol!"tJ1e o.fsfet'<tLc.t shtfe.
    (2) AU pr"cess~s ef +he. work.aa-\~ flu.(t,{ O\.~ III\"'erl\aLl~ r.eveV"Sllol. J e>ccep+ or ~
    ex:part ,io~ +krou., h +ke. tro.PJ ~ tkt1?ttll~~ proc.e't.. (A.M.c( in tl1e ~ea.fer. (3) Tl,e.. -I-urbli'JCs...
    PlA~) aM.J. -feeJ.~~ heater ~te.. o.d{AhaticGlllt1. (LfJ ktH~fcc aM.d. f~/IC+le;d e.ne~':j
    e~c.{s-

    (A....e,

    Y\~I",ble.. (S') Cot1te,Iit~().,fe e~(,fstke heoJeras s()..J.u..rt:e.f~ li~t.t.(d

    AtVAl,'{stS: First}

    +L)(;

    eaclc rrti-tc.;pal state.

    stafe, f: p, =80 bar


    S"fdje k ~

    f.,. = 10 hew

    ~a.te 3:

    F3 '=

    O.Ob

    J T,
    I

    =s,ooc

    ~,.: 05, ~

    0."- J

    S3=

    *
    "'2.::

    l.1, ::. 3'/1./4.4


    O/i61",

    hs

    'd

    /51. S 3 of-

    27".(P

    11 3 ::,

    S, ::

    b.43'2 k:::rI/aj'K

    kJ"I~

    'tiel.. '3 k.J'/~

    "''t :.151.53 k:;rI"5Jt.1i,= 1.G>~<jXL03'M3/~

    (J.!>O~41(l O- I ~
    ) (18~ _ O.E)L) ~QIr. \ IO~I ~I.~
    lM"i\L
    lkr
    ,I
    .,
    .... llOJtJ.t'o'\

    \!

    TStlt <! 10 bQ.t


    1',,:180 bar,

    T(, -:

    k::rt~

    h~ of- 1rLt Cps -P"1 )

    'P

    :. H3J.53"" 18.l1

    ~ ,,:

    hz.::'

    S~ ~ X 3 = 0.7518

    Sfrdeq: P'f::'O.~ ba.,.... SQ..i.li~id


    Smte S:

    o.t IOhars.

    = llo(i."q

    ~'7lf.'t

    "Fl =;>
    J

    ~/~

    \'\+~rpDI4::\.h~1 l&f\ T~lDl~


    h,,~"112.1

    A.-s

    SWe,1: p,:"oba.r} sa.t.Li~(,(.ie{ =t>1''';),.. 8/ kJ/~


    ~a.fe. 2): 7h,..oltll~ pro~s -=V l1~ =~i -:. -ll"2. Bl J,.::r/kj
    (~) Be~iV\ b':1 a.p,,1~1 ""~ W\" cs ~\I\d elAe.-r.;~ rede. ba.{a.~ces to ~e. close-col .f~ed

    +'W" V\ eate r

    W 4.

    PRDf3lM ~.-S2

    ( Cant I,))

    'd ( l1z. -

    (9 =.

    or) solvf~g

    h'7)

    + (h S -fA,,)

    .fot- f1,..e .frn.c.h~ Ot-PlDW ~ e.drtlcf-e.4 aJt-a b - k,S


    h'Z.-~l

    ..

    Lf -

    <t

    _-

    772.1 -

    t '"

    2.

    .lP'+

    = e. OCf 1

    ;LiU.lP - 7":l.81

    #Jow -fen-- fhe fu,r-b,;"e cS+-~es


    J

    ~ =([",-~1-)+(I-V)(~2.-h~)
    -:. (3 411"l.L/ - ),711." ) +- (o. ctDct)(.2.ill.w I

    *,':.

    ,4-nd, +ortke
    Th~ J

    Itt B2.3) ': /2. 3".'" Ic::r[ k~

    pu.~

    hs-~t.t:: 1~~."tt-ISI.53:'

    IB.L1 k\r{/<j

    +ke.. '"f\-e.t wor-k. is

    W~d-e

    Wt; _ Wp

    M,

    ~I

    m,

    ': 1218.fo

    Ic:r/~<

    Wc.~c.le/";,

    (b) To cf..e,fefv)\lVle +1Ae. ~eYrY\l~.l ~ff.lc.;e~Cc11 ft'r.st otek.V'M\~e. -\-lAe \tte~t i6'\p~t
    .

    a~~

    V\'\I

    o..v.J..

    \11 ~
    ~L

    (~) for tL

    ::

    ltt, - h b

    ~ ~c.\e.{~\

    ': 3 LlliLf.4 - 112.1


    :.

    12l8.~

    2 fD1 2. '?>
    va{(,(,~e. .e&;tCl.oSf&.t~

    \iA /"" ,

    C,eVlfr6(

    :.

    =.,;>. (g72. 3

    kJ/I<j

    0.4 Sft, (4-5," /0 )4

    -Ute..

    wa,.lG\~

    \'L

    .p./e.ti.eA rU1>SI~~ fkrov..,~

    ine Chf\k l1s.er

    .
    Q~t

    :.

    VV\,

    :=

    (1-y\h3t~hf,- hlf
    (o.C9~f)q)(J~~2.3) i-(.3~c1l)(1"2.,81 )-151.53

    = lLi 53. 6 k3"/~.

    Q.ou+/~1

    8-88

    The re,~ner~vhve. power cycle of Problem 8.52 is MCld.,tJec11o ,v,duele


    +hCl1- #te turb.he. st..,es ().~ flAMp eetdl\ ktlve. eftlcleY\"j of 85%.

    KA!owtJ:

    Ans-wer fhe

    E..l.6l1l:

    jC f:fI!!MMlC

    6 Go LVEN

    SaMe ~lAesl-t.Ol'\.s ,,-s i"", Protolem 8.52.

    DA.m- '.

    ASSUMPTION S:

    except ~c, -: . \'\~ 2.=

    ..sAme ",.s Pr~bJelM B,51~


    c .85 Q. \I\A:;( ~:. o, t!JS

    F,rst, ~\x ~c.e.d.\ cf- .fhe. prit\cip~' staks. h--OM ProbteM. 8 .. 52..> h \ =

    A=NM.YSI$:

    31i&t4.Ll k::rf(~ I 5, :'G..'t3'2lc:.~/~l<,h",:.


    15t.'S3 "\T/~ h,,:. vn: I 1c'J' Il~ ) a.l'\d. ~., :h6=
    1(,').. tOt k~/"5.

    35

    Stp,(e-z.: U.S\,,~ toke. ~1,M,lot~e. e(:f.lc.iell\~) "4, ~(~,-~~)/(k,-~:L~). W;.j.~ ~2.f.=


    frotll\ Problc.m 8.54Yl.t, c.~,- ~z.s'
    ;2e~f.5 \c.:rllCj

    ""1..:' ",-

    :r~+.eIfV(!)ltAti"\~

    $We

    3:

    a~tt

    ).711.(0

    1cJ"/to,

    It\ Ta~\e.A-Lf; s~:."._801 ~~\~

    f 3 =O.o, ~Q.(", 5,as =->1. =t> X,.s D., 5 8 1 ) ""3S = 2057.0


    It) '::. k'1.- Jttz.(t,z -h 3 .5 ) e 2.17/.1 k.\fll<3
    2

    Ic.:::r/~

    Sta.te 5: U51i4~ the.l)(.\.MP e.(+lG.e",c.~n Ylp ~ (ks s- h't ) Ie hs - L, 'i). "",~ hss =.
    Ifp'l. f#'-f k.:r/(~ ~ PrDbkr't\ ;r. ..5~
    = ~'t +- (l1 s s - ~'t) /kp = /72.fYI kJ/kj
    (~) U:Sl~j #te. ~di.fitUl dai:
    ~ = O.1-Qlt J W-L/rh l =IOB3,Sk:r/fcg~ Wp/,y., :.;11.3/ 'cz:r{~

    "'s

    1i.u.~
    lb)
    (t.)

    W'11c:.l~ :.
    V\'\\

    10(, 2.::z. Ic:.:rl ~ 4S

    Q.,,"l~, :.;2(,12.3 k:rl~

    G..ov.rl ~ \ :.

    o..~J.-

    I" 10.l kJ' I~ ~

    '\.-=-

    0.397

    ('3Ci.ie/O~AoiI~

    ~o-wt/lk

    1I1's~~sl 0Yl : ~ompa.!I;"~ -n.~ rs~ l'b c.vi+11 +hD~ of troblem 8. 5.'2. ;/IIdi~a.+~s. -/h:.c.t
    tu.,-bU.1(l (.l~ '~""P ,rn."t.rs(hil;h~s a.ffect #te. ne.t w~r~ of t~e. c.~cle. SI~P'\lflcaVlfl~)
    ~er~~y cCUl..sn'9 Cl 3 i~nlfj(AJ,\.t t{rop 111\ #lerp\.~d eff~,e~~ .

    PRoBLEM 8.54

    ""O\o1.

    l6\.yo\,\".+ Ot- MtfJ.g./'Z., tr u ... c1,. ... c.I,.,~Icl-t,......


    ~:.
    D.+-f''''''''-t>,\e -E'I'I"""'JS"Ot'l..r -{eJy- ..,.~ ~Ach'Oe-1S of +l..J... i-ci-o-t -f!.-lol.l.r
    Q+- ~tPJ S,I/lJ1r I~ f .."lNls of+~ fy-ACf,'O"'S Y'Z.,.JY3,1Y'Jo""cty?
    ~C.~""'JI\TI( ~ ~/flrlV 'i:>1\71\-: S.e ",. el,
    A S.rCJr\'\P7tClNS: C'o .. tvo \ VlJ(VkI\et 0-+ oSk-..ay .s+w..ti" ~"'C!{OS~ ~<tc... tJf T~
    T~po~c"'" plQHt

    /<NOf.UN:

    p,,",H"'r....t

    COM.toPCl~Kts.

    A-NAI.'T~"Sl
    ~r 10 I~"

    So

    Let+'-"",~,

    +-""':J <.. I

    del"\.Ote. t~ io+-e. .f<.o~ ~~~"a-'\5

    +e- fti"tT-

    WQ kA"~

    -IN. I
    "'-2.

    A ppl
    +k~

    (11"',

    A. ,,"eUoS'

    ov_rQII

    {'A

    loA

    I Do'" ~

    C!.V '" ivb I ~ I

    +0 c...

    v ....... c.

    c '"

    c to

    I ,.

    &-1.-'

    f-c,....rlg .."" ...,J

    - -""''3

    ~ \

    ~\.

    ""'l,:

    ~l

    ~t

    e "" e.-e.u

    vot.VW\.("

    FOrTl\Q etes .. c:l fQedWtlo-i er: ht> ....t"..- c...'\.d

    Va.\ve.

    ~loS fi \lJCA.te.r ~cAo'14P.r

    Y'''-'PJ

    a."" ..

    l-'j1--'jl-'j,-":f r
    f ..

    ~~

    Yg

    1-'''''- ~"""ci.e n ~ reo-d.:

    """~:. """lCl _ ~2..0' A-.o:l. -fcr;'1-..A..


    W.II:' ""'10 ';

    ~er

    c.l(#e~~,

    (eru..Lt1

    -.

    \I

    }:Or +"'~
    i>\+--O'" '".d...Q.h.-l..'~.6S r",,"'~
    c..t.ort 0 fe,....l WA.~ ~ J k..lf
    AI'\o~ for the:. k..,I..-r--u""t. c:.(o~e ol ~~cLf..U_"""" ","u"""'" o.",e1 v"\W j
    M ~ ~ -" IS -:. ~,{p c.e, II~ e.k"', AU &4.l:h

    =~14- ~ltD
    ~11

    t;:NOWN:

    \\}(:t.te.\'" i c

    -+\..e. wor\t.'''''''3 +w..l~ i",

    (J...

    Ohe clC9S~ OI.~ OM!. c9feM.

    w'\+h

    f'~~ne~+Vv(. v4for

    fOWN"

    ~ele

    feeAwed'er hetA.+~r. 'Do.."\'", Cl\"e.


    (:t.+ Va.VI.O\'u IOc.~Tlo\l\"S 0I.\A.c.( ~t. \\.t.t l'0WU" O\.4'tfv..t is j \Vt"'.

    \.W\.OWV\

    E\tVt)~

    J).e+eV'MI~e (CI.) +~ -tkeV'~1 e4Cc..,~~~ ().w:! <b) +l-te. Y\\()..co'S


    ~Ct.te. o~ s~~ ~l-eV"\'~ fke -H;rq +UN b\~e sm~e..

    SC~,.\C.

    t '-IV6IV .DtrrA:

    -c-tow

    ,,,
    s-\--eo.V\II I

    geW\tmiof' ,

    -'
    Q)

    Pq=8:> _:

    <t

    clo~ed
    hecd~f'

    If=.;loS'l:..'

    --

    5
    ASSUMPTIONS:

    S~Vl"\e a..s Etco..lMfle 8.b ,

    AN4L-'SlS', F\.~:!>t)

    S.ffMc.

    I'.

    Fl:eo

    +"'-(.

    .f-(x e"'clA e>f

    IoCLl/'

    'SMe. z. :

    r~ =t.o ba.Y' ) s~ -:.S, ~ 1,'2.

    SWe.~:

    Pi ::. 3

    .5i91<, 4:

    ?'(':.o,oSloM' )S'f$S.

    S3 :$,

    s-kke

    S~

    fs

    s~e

    (,',

    hb ':to hs + 'US

    =0,08 'oc:w.l

    ~:r
    ::.\13.88"'kt5

    =t>

    V\C

    rene. ter.

    S ~,.

    fY'\1Ac.tpCA.l

    =p h,:33't9,Lf

    )TI=l.{eODC.

    bwr .;

    exce pi

    k:r/6;,)

    S,=b.tDSlH. ~::rI1~'K

    = 2.Q"3.5 k::r , ,,,,,

    )3::' O.<t313 ,

    Xli ':.1q4~ >

    h~

    =258'.(.,

    h't= ~082.cr k~(~

    scc..t. I i\. =t> h s ": 113. 88 k.~( b,


    c.p~- Ps)
    + (LOO9'{)C(O-

    ~ lT~.8B t o.z..~ ~

    ! 'M
    ' " ) (3-.08)b A t'.

    :::. l,t. \1

    \1 oS" Nl~'2.11
    ' k.\t'
    \ocu- .lIO'N'''''
    \

    k-rlk,

    sk;~e 1:

    P,::.3bcvr) stlC\.li\. =t> h.,::. SlPI.Lt'1 ~:J'lkj

    S-Io.-\e. 8 "

    he .,;,

    S~ee:t "

    ftt =Bo bur J T" ... 20s c

    ~1 + '\/, (.~s - P1) :. 5~1.l{1 t 60,!'Z. MO- 3)( 80-3)\~~~ 1


    = 5fo\.'tl +- 8z-<, ::. S(gCf,13 kStte,
    =t> (:rIi\+-eV',oIQ:~i"'S ~'" TAJ,le A -5) h(l'~ B78.'34 ~

    b~ ) sa..t.ll~U.jcA.
    h,o::' Qo8.71 lc.:r I~
    ~ Throttlt~~ 1> r oc. ec;, =t> h" = ~IO 1:. QoS.7Q kv-/1c.3

    SfaklO: flO'"

    "\rl~

    2-0

    (~) 'B~~1i\ b~ de.(.~"''lY\\\I\ i nj +lA~ flow Yd-1e. yC(+ios tj'

    Q.\A.J.

    v-a.+e. bQla.",ce.~ ~f" 1-~ clO~tJ t-ee~wa.+e1 Vt(td~r '(~hA(e

    ~". E~ev-e':1 Cl~

    10

    """tS

    o = ~'(h ~ - ~ II)) + (h s - ~q )
    ~

    ~1-

    878.31( - SCoCi.13

    \"8

    L
    I
    ",'Z.-\I\\I)

    :.

    2-<1"3.5 - cto8.'''t

    O. I SO 2-

    (j,vviJ ~ +~

    Of"'" +~eJ.w~er ~e~ter


    o :. ~ " h3 + (\ - 'j' - ,t )k c.. + ~ I hII - h.,
    ~I (he.. - ~\\ )

    ~\I

    ('h 3

    :.

    or

    (~,- ~'")

    h c.)

    _(Q.I5'02) (I1tt.11-

    Clo8.")

    ('~ 5 eCi "

    -t

    (s"1. tfl- I'n.l1)

    - l1 4 01 , )

    :. o. fl1I7
    for ili fw. b,~e sf.o..~e~

    w..+.
    ::. ( h-h ~) + (I - ~ I H h ~ - L-\;J) + (1- u\I '- ~" )( l-t 3 - ~ 'I )
    Yv\ I
    .. ('3~'t8.4 - z..'t"3.5)+ <'8q'lB)(1!l~3.5-'Z589,b)+(.13'S/)('Z58~."- 2~2}n
    "" 1075./ k."J"/~

    Fe r -I-k

    r~ rv..p

    $l

    ~ =(h &-~.,)
    ~\

    t- ((-1;1'-

    ~") (~" - ~S")

    "'(Sl9<t.13 - 5(,,1.41)+(.73SJ)(I7't.11-I1J.88)

    = g.LJ1 1c.'J/~

    Fe ... +~ l-t!orbiA, tL~ fasslVl.~ ft.tr~Wjh ~ sf.eo.lAA gelitev"td~("

    Q.~~\

    ~,-~,

    ;:: 331.(8. t4 - 818.., \( -- 'Z."(cO, , kj" /~

    -r\u...S t~ ~ en".cd e+1-lc' ~ lit Uj is


    I

    YL ~ w-tl~,.-Wp/';"'\

    =-l).'t?>18

    Q.\"'Iw..,

    ('+3.'8/o)~Ef--

    ""::'

    (b) To +v\.-.&- +\..~ yV\O-~S ~lo\.U v-a.:\"e ~I

    WUf~loe = ~I
    .

    'M

    -:.
    I

    l Wi Iw., - \AlP/oM,]

    ",,,3

    (100
    kvJ)
    (10'15., - S,1{1) k~/b:J

    13"')I)sll'
    \ '"'

    Ic-r ls
    ,,"w

    \ = 3.375XtOs bo/k
    -.;

    sa

    '

    PROl3lEM 8.56,

    I<NDWtJ: The ('~tjl\(.ret+lv~ vapor

    fJ1I.12. ~

    rOwt2r ~c(e c9f Probltzm s.ssts reconsidered,

    JV1 ves tiq'tre fkll e.ffecf~ O"Y\ per-fcu'YYltAJ1ce a.s +he "lIgher e xrraci-tor:
    p'(e~sure -h:llt.e, on C)fI,zer V"alu~s. COn sfru.ct su.i.tal,le fIefs o.~d di,Sw's.
    Cot\~ tdeY'" bofh r-.eveV'siMe. CU\e{ ' .....Y"evel"'s-ible (!)pe.ra.h~ of tLt.e furblYe
    S f-~R.S

    ~ q'1A ""f>~'

    ~ See sohd'IOJ'\ +0 Pri>hk;)t 8.55:


    A-SSUMPTlON5: $ee. selu.:ftm -1--0 Prohtew. ~.S5. Also) ~I:: ~20:' hot) = Bo"~
    rtp, :=V\pz.: f!JOD{o -+Or file. .s~ fjlVf.,f.

    tiClfeMMlC. f GI Vf'-tJ 'DMA

    })tJ~Y?'S

    I.

    e.f.MCI(~.II1CAj

    The per{or1Y\tAVlCe i.s ,nvesfl'g4fed b~ d4fe,ymi.lnJ +ke eH-e.cfs


    rJ f V',,('~,i-lj .,.!.te .f~edw~-f.eV'" h~fey e,x trAch6'Y' y~S'sl.Are.

    Fro t'VI -lite T-s d.'~ ro:rn) we see &.t .


    sfo..k q I 'l'YLO ves ~; ~ keY" as fke. t,l(tTuc,hcm

    i\A ie,s

    MCc.'S

    s~es I ~ ~.(M.C.e} \-eu

    ~Q,f t~ect is

    ef{.tc.{e\,\Cj ) Cc.S

    \
    \

    \
    \

    flOU)

    u'

    -rkro\A1k ~ ~Il~ ~ ~\N-Gl ~l&i\e

    it\e

    rz..

    r.r~'~(A,r~ ,'it\crQ(.C.$eS. Th.l' re&M"es ~e.. heo.'t


    ,~put iO iM,e ~ele.. Hoe-uevu) fn>M (~) we.
    see. tw.e.t -tk~ frtA(,~ l.i' ef tk.~ 1ot-C4( tlC9W
    ~tr~ 10 i1A.e cl$s~ Lt~-(jr also
    l~C'(ea.s~S. This Y~svl~

    f)~ -flrferme..(

    10'

    ,oWU" ou.t-pv.t.

    If

    r~~~ i.tA ,",(.\ftt\,,-l


    -d\~~tr~eA \\,\ (,b).
    (J..

    ~()~ -fc.t.e~ ~t Yetiuc.e~ ~e. fOwW


    e~v.k is ~e. \VV'.t."er$'tb\~ ~"P""~ \"0"')\.
    Clc r-o $ S ~e v1,lve. ,.~.'l.~ (}. ~ee..t o.l4PO \tJO~s.

    0"+ ~l~~eN"

    GlKel

    e,,,+t-~~ 9Y~sstNV"e.

    0.5

    -e

    ....al

    0.4

    E 0.3

    ~TJt=TJp=100%

    1(

    n.3

    al

    3:

    o
    ;;:::

    0.2

    11

    ....o

    '\.TJt=TJp=SO%

    0.2

    .g
    e

    0.1

    0.1

    ...

    .u..
    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    Feedwater heater pressure - bar,

    (a.\

    60

    0.0
    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    Feedwater heater pressure - bar'

    ( b)

    60

    KNOvJtJ~ ,-,!t1.ier l~ t\....e.. worlc,'\""5 flu-i.e:( ill\ '" Y"~e.lI\eV'At\"a v4.for- pOvJ 4 f" CA;1de
    WI+v' o~~ closee.t o..\A..clQ ~~ ~P"'" -"eC2.l'w~~eY" h ~..f..ef". 1>..-to.. Ave ~h.OLO~
    Atv~Y"iou.s lo~tc:o~)~~c1 tkt. MASS flow ro;fe. eV\-\-e.Y\NJ +~ .f\v-st
    hJ.,o,\lI\e. ~>,r~ q. is 5\"t '" .
    FlNP~

    tw. k.e.t

    1>.ete\"~'H'\e (0.) ~ ~eV'~l e.f..f.lcle"CA;1 ~ Cb)

    :>C!:fCMATIc. ~ (i,\\ICt..) l>.6r'TA, :

    Q,W'

    S20C

    ------,

    t!evelopqJ.

    vJt'jde. :. 32-0 MoW


    P,:::' 1'2. M PA"..
    T, :: 5'2.0 0c.

    power

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    -i~et'" he(.L~ Q.~c1 f\A.A.
    i~ o-E- 5-h-e.o.~s C\ ~ \\ to 1oV"\'n *UoM 12..01 fu

    w.,""

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    poh.\I\t\Q.l eV\el{'~'d eH(.(,ts ~V"e. W\e~\'~\\olc.(5) Co~w.~..t~ e.~(,+S ~ c.\oseA ~~~~~V"

    a.Jo..J..
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    ()l.tAJ.. .t-~(.tlw~,:t-eY" e.~ i.+.s

    t(,.Q. OfeM

    \uwtu-

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    'C"'..e~ ~e.c..h"a. ff'eS$u.~t.s.

    AN.M.YSIS: F\l'st l +tx. eo..c.~ o-t- -tWI. f~\~C.~fQ.l s~~s.


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    Siq.t(.t{~ Py "0,0" bq.r J .s't~S,
    J<.. ~0""'21,) h'l -: 20\8.3 kJ"lke

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    S
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    ~t!* 5':

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    ':::. h'1+ "'.,

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    the.
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    I~~:-l = 775.2-1 jGJ!!:J

    cow ir ol

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    DATA:
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    ASSUMPTto~S: SAoVll\e <:lS Pf'obl-e.M 8.51>


    exce.p+ ~I -::~ ... ::. It-t:s ::. 0.82.

    ANAL'IStS: FroY"'l -+~ ~olu.h~)/\, of rrc)bl.eVk 8. s 1-

    h\= ~'fOl.8 k'J'/lc..~ ~ s,= ~.ssss \c:r/~.\<.


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    Vaf&>:'

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    SIMi\o.T~ .for

    \0

    = 24f5C

    :::> E~hc:.polca.h""

    h,,, .,.k,s ::.

    131".(" kJ"/1<'5

    Io~\cl.\"e .. s -\-0 t\M t.an-\-n,l \1CPlWM.4t elAcu,\\''''! ~


    frCl.c.t~ of- ~ ~tow ~' e.)<-\-nA.de.J. ~-t \oCQ..+~~ ~ l,s

    h1't-h",

    tw.

    c-=- ~ll

    ~1(h7.- ~'S) +\-\'1.. -

    k.~tk,

    Th"le.. A-S 5 i"es J.h't 'x. /303. S ~~/iCIJ


    scr-t. li CA. i e;( =;> his -:'/3Ulh(P IcJ'/~

    pt'0c.ec;s =>

    App\'j\\I\~ V\"\"'<;.~ Q.v.c:.l e",~r9'j

    0,.

    1",-::'

    -=t>

    Ex-lro.polo.-i-l"",
    78/.7 k3"/~

    to I.e :. 180C

    h \s
    ~~

    \t),+ "';it

    (1)(

    ~ll- '-"\f)

    __ I~03,B-'81.'
    '3 oe2.~ - 131'.<-

    c.Los.eJ "'efN-\e.r
    hll. +~\O- '-'11)-

    D, Zq$fD

    (Ij'+ljlt) hl-:L.

    0-1\1- h \0) .. 'I' ( h\'I.. - ~hCo )

    It

    lc}.
    ":.

    (I.-.

    - h \'2.)

    4
    (7el., - SCO.(,~) -I- (. 2~c)b) (1102 .. 81- 13\1..1.)

    ( 302'5.( -1{,2.81)

    ::. 0.051

    P({~e 3)

    8.b1 ((ovtf'd. -

    fRO(?l.cM

    Ant!J ~r ff,.Q ope.c1 hecd'~


    D ':.

    "or

    'IIU hs +

    (I;j' +'j ")

    ~ n + ( 1-':1'_~"_'j"I) lot 8 -

    hCf

    '" :: (h1-h8)t(~'+UI')(h6-~'h3)

    '<\

    \I

    :.

    (hs-lA.s)
    (LlC.1.\\ - lSi. eo,) """ (.~Lf.'S) (ISI."1-1ff'Z.SI)

    = O.ot.lCS

    ( l&l:ts.,,- ISI.,,-r)

    For +h~ ClM+rol voLurtte e~c~si~ ~ iu-YbiHe. s~er

    ~ ::'(~I-h'2.) t-(1-~')(~3-~'() +(I-y-~")(\"~-k5')1'(I-~' ... ~I'-:1'IC}(~s-I.t,,)


    'M,

    =(3l.f2\(lb-

    + (.'OL(4)(35'f5.? -'3e2S.7)

    3D>1..(,,)

    C"SZS) (3D2.5.1-2.h~S.(,) t <'C.llD) (2"qS .... - Z.Z~b.' )

    ::: Llfol.4/ Ic:~r/~


    A~)

    fft; +kt.

    pCAMpS

    ~, = (h 10- hq

    ) t (1- 'j'- 'j " - 'j ,.. )

    (~s - ~"1 )

    :: (5'~O.<.l(-'H1.U)+ (.(,/20 )(ns(."1-ISI.53)::. 33."21c:r1~

    ;k<L fo4-a.( rate of. heeet ~s~e.r .for ~ boiled~<.AfelfhetIC:f-er ~~ y~te~


    per ",i.t ~ss of sl~rt\ el'l.J-e v i"1 t/.u- +t'"'T fw-bi~e s~(.... ;.$

    Q~~
    :: (h,-~ l't) + (\-'j') ( h)-~"Z.)
    'M,
    \.

    :: (~cf~~," - \30~.8) + (.104~) (3S((S. 3 -

    3082.~)

    :: 2"t ~b.1 lc.;r/tor,

    -rluA.s +~ tken~,d e.f.f.lc.,-e\'\~ is


    I

    \1\..= W-tIM,.- Wp/m) ::


    ,...

    ~')\

    /.

    1,"i.lI -

    33~2 _

    z.. e.t Ltb '-1

    Yh I

    - O.4(j13( 'l(o.3

    Yo)

    tliitlliil----

    The ne.t 4lowe.\"" o.evQ.lope.e( b~ ~ ~dQ. ~s

    W~de ::. 'M t


    O\'", Wl+lA.

    [W+./ M , -

    W~tl4. ~ 500

    '_
    Y\"\, -

    '""w

    w.. /~ll
    ~ rLcw V'oi<L~,

    loS

    vJ Cj Co\'42.

    l Wolf~, _ wp/""'J
    (soOl4w)
    ( .lIb1.~- 33."l) \';3'/~

    Ilo3k~lsI13"oosl :
    l ~w

    \k

    ""j/h...

    '.SBB ~(.C

    ~,

    PROBLE~

    B. ~'6

    I
    , (I-'d'- 'if I!"\J''')

    =-:.........;;Jr----,7

    ,--(I)

    op-ell\

    (1)

    to

    1$

    !,sSVM.pnoL?s" SO:M~

    as l\l\

    4:SSlA-~p1'iOrl.s

    1-5j

    8.b '-

    ~ltl)

    I
    I

    ~e.,d'e,.

    ' __

    ,
    I

    - __I

    Ii>

    E}Q)-~\e

    ~)<C-eV+ ""-4:.I .... ~"l. -:a 'i\~l .... "V\+'( ~ Y:\~l'" ,88.
    A'~o.. +\,...c. hUWCA..\-c.f" I-eA"I~ e.~c'"
    eltlSe"t \\.eDI.~~ is o.t- fu Sc.\UNco\:k~

    I
    I

    I
    1"1

    .....~M."'-vtc. C.()fVUfo~" io ~

    e. ~kc.~

    'P('e~'iu.'I'. .

    ANAt..ySIS ~

    F,'vs't" ~lX e().cl", of-

    +t.u.

    ,Y\~c~Q.{

    s'k-\-e.s:.

    '.",st

    Pt = I Soo &b.c.l,i.t~ J T; -= 1I00l>F '=t> l1 e :: tSq2S' BIWtb" s. =


    6k.\/lhoe
    s-lo:k.~~ F';'5t,J'a="C90 ,j,-?hiA.~ oJ s2.s .... s. =t> "'~S:. /385.3 8/-u/lb. ()Jilt....

    Sto.:te.

    I:

    ftwb,",c. ef+lc,i",e.y
    n. =- h J - l\-t:, Che hz.s ) = lCiCl/.2, 6kA./1I.
    A1Ae:t.) 1'\1. i-~ vpoIA..4-,"" i'" T Ao"'Je. A-4 ~ soZ. -:. / .63/5 .8fu.Of,. OR
    [f- //{P

    SfAk3~ SI~i.'tlU'~) n~s::

    /'-5'1.0 efu.llh l ~ h3 a h ..-VLt-a{h2.-l'\,s)


    :: I 171.0 &kA./I~. J='ro~ Ttlb\. A--~.; Ss -::: 1.6507 b\-u/(~' OR.

    StG.te.L{: SIMilQ. r ~) h"s = 122.'.7 G"""/I"J().~ h,,:.h 3 - 'ltJt'-'_-Lu


    ::: /2'32./ B+v."~. From TQ.~k A-'t j S..,. 0:. l.l:ISfg't 8i\A./lb ,of<

    =100

    lbf{l~': ,15 =,oooop

    stdte 5:

    'PS

    S~e. ~:

    P,:: 20

    s..J.aA.e '7:

    SIM ilQ.r-"J
    8:l-u1l1o

    1-.5 :. /S 3'2.1 8Mllb.l SS::' /.q2.0'l ~~

    4>

    t"~l('C.t~ J S'S :'SS =t> !It,s = /315.S 9k\/IIo. w,.~ -fLa..


    41M-b,i4e ~Ul'\~lo\.',j h" -:: l-\s - 'nt4 ( \1 5 - h",,) ': H1I1'.S b~/''. F...o~
    Ttt.!'l~ A-Lf j .s".:. /.q,SS 8Wlb.
    '=-1/1 B.o

    .>

    1'7~

    ':0

    .'IS').,-/, J

    S~+e 8: 'Fe:.1 \bfll.~~ JscU. J i~\A.~

    l-J 1

    SMeq.

    ':f,

    ~B

    of-

    h7 S =-

    /oB7.5 J Cl.~

    =t>

    8 :.

    h7:a he. - n-!s(),e.- h7 S)

    akA I U,

    ("'t.'1y.

    '\rQ (Pli-PS)

    . . "~.''f ~ + (.o,e.,'1 ~)tl'l~~ "''l~ ~:1Oi I(~O-') \i:-z:

    ="q. 80

    &kAJ

    (b

    s~ 10'. f.o:' '2.0 II.;'(,,"~) s~. 1il>\A.~

    ::::t> h l o

    :'

    /tf~.2c.. e~/tlo

    Pt,"=- /800 l~"(l"'?:' ,Sl/-=-$.O-:' 0.3358 61-u./lb~.


    is T,,/DI-e It-s. 3VJes hll~ ~0'3.~8 6~/I".

    s-kk.

    u :

    $~1e 12.:

    l",l-~rpol(ll."'et\

    J)6u.bl",

    ~ I Qoo lb.t/III\~ J Tj.,. -.::. TsCcJt- @ tbO Ic.+ll~~ ":. 3b 3.to


    11I\-kV'pol~tloY'. ill\ Table }c-S {J\ves h,-a.= 3~t:t.JO 1Pl-u-/\,\o
    'P13

    6)

    =t> l>owt?l~

    p, 3 .... J 800 Ib~l ,,,,2; .J "Tj ~ :: TSec.t <! boo 'lt~li~~ :: '186.3 OF ~ 'Dol.\~e.
    i"'\-eV'po\~tl~ i", TAbl~ ,+- 5 ~W~ h I~ = 412.22. 8w../lb

    S+cA..+e. \'3:
    t5We.

    tY:

    fl" -:::

    bo(:) \~~lt",':

    oJ

    S~e. \ s: 1\wotth'k:1 f'(oce~s

    Sf6.-4-e

    l~ ~

    p,,, -:.

    /&0

    '''.f.ld~~ J

    ;~:+. 11\\.\.\..(

    =:> hiS -::

    sa-f.

    h ''I

    tl~\A.l.c(

    s~-f~ L"1~ Thro#ll'M1 'PY'oc.e.,S =t>

    '::t>- ""c.c ':.

    4.,1.'"

    -: Yll. .,

    =:> hi"

    hi'-=- k,G. -::.

    e~l\b

    84-utll,

    ".33>.2 af\,./llt>

    336.'2.

    B-k4/t.b

    App\.~ \~1 V\l\t.(.SS ~ eV\e~ ~ n:d"e bA,la.lI\c.es 40 +~ t..O"i\..'wo\ \1elM.Me. eVicAos,~


    ~e. (peo 1't.c.h,,-7 c.loseJ l-Lecd"er I f'l..A .fyn.c.~ o~ ~ ~w 'a f x~+eeO Q...t
    \O~~4

    is

    0" ~'( h1. - 'n,~ \ -t (

    '1' ~ ""~ -V'.,"1.

    ov-

    \\"1- - h l.'"t
    S\~'\~Y't~,

    ..fo.r fu.

    -:c.

    ""1",- h,'3)

    ",,\,'2.'2.'2. - ~1>ct.\O -::. CU4'2.B


    1'"OY '2. - "t 1L.'1

    IbO l\'","IC",~ n~o..+er

    0,; ~"

    or

    ~\l

    ':.

    h 3 ... ~I hiS - (Cj' .... ~'.) h l Co + Cl-t ll - h\"1.)


    (\.tl"30-~\r) + 'ii' ( h,,, - ~\S')
    (~~ - ~\Co )

    :: (331,\0 -2 03.28)+(.11.(7.9) (3~6.2- 4"11."1)


    (\'2."1'2..0 -

    33(,.2.)

    K-117

    = 0./21./5

    'PROBLEM 8'b8 ((o"dd.)

    A\ ~o J .f.e'l"' ~

    o
    or

    'a\l,(

    \..1\\\:,

    <J
    e,

    ~e.lwM~r: hetA.~ v:
    h~ +(~''''~'') hI, 1" (I-Ij'-~"- ~I") ~~ - h,~

    &feN\.

    (\-tlo-k q ) t-(~f+'jlt) (1,,1- h,,)


    (\-\c. - ~,)
    (I 't~.1." - 19'1.f:>o') + (.1-~-r 3) ( b~.8 0

    33".2.)

    ::.

    (l~qt.5 - "CJ.~o)

    0.0 ({ 3 'I

    ~r '!'~ conf-tbl v~l.u.~e. ell\c.Los,""S fi,.e +uNb\~e. &~S

    W:, =(t".-l.,'&.) ,. (l_~') (~'2.- ~3 ) + ( I-'j'-'j" )g ~ ~- \"'4 ) + (hS -h,,)J T ( l-J'-"I'- ~.,,) (~(.-k'l)
    ~ (ISq 4. s - \ ~o\f:z.)

    +(.65'12.)( 1"\04.7. -

    \ 7.'"1..0)

    + (.1321) [

    -t- (I r 3'2.1 - 1'3&11.5)] + (.~8et ~)( 13t1f. 5 - '118.0)

    (I '2.,2..0 - 17.32.1)

    :::. S111. ~ b~/\b

    Anc=L).fer +k.e flA-~s


    "

    ~ ~(h"-"'LO) + (\-'j'_'j"_\j'") (~4f-l-t8)


    -=-(2.03.2.8 - l~b.'l.(") + (.IoSC\3)( "~.Bo- ~Cf.'1~) =7.0/0 f>kA./Ib
    ~~ +ok( yo.tc. e{ ke((.+ -h-o..IA.$+er {.o-r +Wz. bOdev-ISUfe\' ~eo-te.tr ~ y.eke,d~"j
    -reV"" IA.M-b.. ~"c;s bf Sbm e\l\+-e'l'\'\,\3 1Wt ~Y.&+ tuK\:nv..e ~~.Q., l..1

    ~ ::.(~.-l-lL"3) + (l-tl'-'j")Cks-h,,)
    Y\I\,

    : (t5"4 2 . 5- 'il2..-Z:Z.)

    + (.i32.7)(

    1532.1-12.32,1)': 12liO.1 8kA./l.b

    -rbs I +~ +"'-:-" M.CA \ e ~~ic.i-e''\c~ l So


    VL -=- \/'Jot l~~ - 'Wpl~, :. ...;5:;...1..;...1l_"_b_-_7_.0_b_ ~ O.q~O
    Q,'",l-A,

    C4 q . OO(o ) '4

    'V\..

    12.'to. I

    '11Ae. net ~ovJ, t1-t"e.l.~ecl b~ ~ ~c-le.. is


    W~c.\e. ~ \'hi l W~/~, - Wp{~\1
    orJ \.I"I~ W~c.le..::'

    3XlO'

    f>\v.J~.> +u flew'rCcle M,fs

    \J\:.

    ''''-r."

    Weyc.\e.

    LW-b (oM,

    T~e.
    0...

    \) .......

    W p t ~J

    \\eA-+

    t"'~+e.

    ",~t-

    IU"'~

    3 X.l q ~+u..) k

    C~

    '1"-

    (g -

    '1.ob

    J ~Ii 17

    1'1

    ::.S.2c~){lO

    -......... he.o.-t:. o-cldec:l to -+"'-.A. cyc./e


    Co1..u- "tA:t- e- Cj i lie "" l1c re b ~

    ~\~

    \Nc1 tlt.

    -::.

    (S.2.8'~IbCt -e- )(14 ~o.1 e~/I,,)


    31-10 ct

    -e+v.1 h.

    fo

    "I

    U'h

    ..

    "Nl,

    'olIil-qf---~

    kNOWN: S~'U1/1

    fltte wo Y{" I iA~ fll.Li.els ,i1 C\. hi ~a.r~


    V~OY' roweor c.~ ele: c.oVlsi~-J- ill15 ()f fwD ,. d-.C4.1 KtH,l"k ~c~.s,
    tH1c-{

    ttm Mo H i~

    01 v-.e.

    1t1.e hetX-r reJected fr-oWl fue

    CAJc{e is p'roviJed -to 'ft.e.


    OeM me) nlo: Uj de, J;txf-a. a,re kl1.d>CNn O:f variOUS l~Ca.+LO)'\S,
    ])ef.evml'he (0.) fhe.. p,0wev-ol):f6>Ltt et- -t!Ae sfe.a.m ('hld t.lrnrnonl4
    ~hti1esJ re"pechllel~ )<'b) .the y-a,te o~ "'eeet v.dt!itL"m1 10 -ftte. CtJcle
    o~ (c) itte 1iAerfM,-{ e.(fG,eu~ ,
    5CIJ.GMM1' I p LVGA) 12.+TA:
    e. =00 l:1or
    ~ sore
    SteAM

    --=--=-=-==-=;:

    I T,

    = (,L(,OOt: __

    so-t, vu.po("
    ~

    _~

    c-fI-+----1. s!-e;.""

    b.u/~\~

    2.

    .- --

    Arn1MoN~'I~_
    tu ... J,iWDJ'-1~

    - --

    i\

    .3

    W.5p

    5'lf"1'

    ~=bOoC

    Pc.=IOL.ar
    S&o.t,l,'~,

    c(

    W~p

    ASSUMPTl OJJS: (I) Ea.c"," COV\f\p0\'le\A.t ',t OlW"A.l'::l'2.e~ c..s e, CbYlfrol voLu.the Q:{ S.f.e ce eb:1
    sjnfe.Cz,) ..\lJ proce,"se~ o~ tke wo....fL\~j .flu.'lets Are ;J'\ferM lL~ y.eversible .e xcept
    \~

    +tte \V\te..,c.ovH'\ec.h~ \\e.a.t U~Wjer,(3) -rh.e.('e~re no s+m.~ heCl'.t ~~tfei'S'


    +he 'kl.r~\~e~ or tke.. k~t e,xcIMA~jer,(&.O k1ii\e.+i, ~ for~V\+\~' (\I\er1~
    effects ce, \1\ ~e \0\ ~ led'e et
    A-N4tYSlS: first Jf\x e().ClA 0+ fn~c.~p",( sJ.:;tYs, {orsl-eo-Wi} u.se 70bles A-2.A~A-t.t,
    Sfcde, l: p.:: "c> hCAlr I 7i =. ''loOe =t> hi :: 37S2.lo lc~llc., I ~l : 7.Z7 I Ic::r/lc.,
    5faiez.: Tz = T3 :' #H).' I S~-=Sl ~ -"'L= D.qtOI J h2-= 23Q1.i? kJ'l~
    5ta-te. 3: T 3
    04>t:. J S'o.f,I,'t ",'t:II ~ h -= .2 S ,.13 lc:rlLCj ) IT,J = 1,0172 )(/0-'",,3 /r~
    3

    froM

    ="

    Sofa-fell', he.,~

    h .. +- If'.sLp,,,-Pa ) j PlI =D.I4i14.bcv'


    ~
    kt{ :: 2':>1,13 T(l'Ol-Z2.x:,o-3:;~)("~-O'l"l1'f)~4.r
    ill

    Now,

    for

    lOs NtYll\~

    ,Io~""

    II \0'''''''''' I
    I k.J"

    -:: "51.13 + b.053 ::: :251,)" kJ"/~


    ArnmOll\IA I U~e Ta.bJes A-l3 4.h.d A-L'I,

    a.:

    Tao:: 50C. JSQ,t,'1Tapor =t> h4 = J4'11,'Z.b kJ'J~ J sA. -= '1."'''01.( kJ"(I~,K.


    5+a.te b: Pb :: Pt:. :: 10 b(A.Y' J s b .. Sa =t> )( ~ =o,'L31 2 J hb = /383.0 Ic~l~
    stale c. " Fe.:: lobar I sc<:f.liguiof :t> he.:: 2'ii,7b lc.J'1~ I~ = l.i958'1'X10- 3 rt13/~

    5tare

    ~: hoL~h~-r 1rc(p~-pc.);

    PA

    =Pe. '=-2e!>.33J

    Vta( :. 2Q7,1(" + {1,foS8QXto- 3 ) ( 2 0 , 3 3 1-

    red

    ba.f'

    lo ) ('00)

    -=

    2'1'1.117 k'3'l/~

    (a) To aek,,,.WlIUC. fhe pDwer'" <9wt


    ef eac.lA .J..<'U~I;'e. J toe: mus} f,itd, ike mAss
    fJo~ ra~s ~s a.M ~'" -fortfU. Sf4lNl a~J c.mwtDHi~ ~c.(e'lr-especfLile~,
    J:Je~I/I\YJIY1~ Wt-rk rK((~S a.a.u;.( e.He,.~~ nue bCt.la.Kces for +it(/. '~'k?(,... co""1)ecf'iI\1

    ltlea.t e1CcL\o."",ef"

    PRO(3tM 8.roQ (CoKi'(,O


    0::.

    mS ( h7.- h3 )

    + n14l. ( h~- Vt~)

    h-z.-[", ...
    h,,-l-to( -

    23'11.0 -25}.13

    ~~...
    V\1S F()r"

    1'-17/.1-' - 2?f.'t7

    +11~ Stea.M cCj cleo

    ~~Ck-Js ~

    Ws t -Wsp ~ ~.s[Ch,-h'Z.)

    -Ch'(-lA J >]

    f1,4e. o: m MO}i\ i tl. cc~ de

    )rv...J. I fey-

    W~dcJa ::

    Wal; -

    WA,p -= m~ [Chtchb) -(hol-lt,)]

    Nofd,1 3 tkc4- ""''jef.~. = W c.':fc.1c IS+- W c.l.Jcl~ J o: a ~e.t

    Cc1l"\b I ~I~j

    VJc.~<Ie = WI.s {W,,- k~) .; I.. q- "'3)] +( ~... )[( 1..0: 1..,,) -( 1.,.,( - h
    501vI Y\j
    ,

    \'V\

    )J}

    .
    W C1f e(c.

    :.

    (~I ... l-t,) - (~ 'i - h 3 )

    ~ ( ~ ) 1. 0,,,- h b)
    M~

    - (

    (,,0( -

    hc)]
    II 0 ~ kJ ( $

    ( .2 0 MW )

    = [(13S5)-(,.08)J

    +(1.83'2.)((88.2(,)-(1.1/)] kJ'{k,

    I MoW

    ~ /3.21 k.~ls

    ~G.':. \.832 ~~:: 2"#.31 \c.~ls


    Fl~Al\<j

    ,
    .
    Wst
    W
    .=.o
    St = W\ S ("',-'-.7.) = I,.tt8 MW......
    W0. + ~ "" 4l\ ( h4 - ~ ~, :: 1.' 5 ~ \AI 4I~"'""-------------~

    Chl ThJl. riMe. of ~~t (A.Ml+l~ i"


    Q,,,, ':. ~s (~l- Lt'()

    = ~~.21 k~)("3152."
    -.2~7.2.1)1cl"
    s
    Ic.j

    I ~ MvJ,,\
    10

    lcJ s

    QiV\
    ::. &.lfo. -08 ~w""'fil
    ..I------------------_~:.:..
    (C.)

    1~e ~e.~W\O.(

    e ~~lG'~ \1\ c.Cj i.e


    "l~ W..Go,'",
    CAfc.\~:. L.l~.~8
    20
    ':. 0.431

    (43.1%)4

    8' -l2-0

    ~---------....;:;..

    'PROBLEM 810
    tc ...

    ~ '.

    OloD

    p. t'ell +i t\~ c:l ..-\...

    of

    cOIIIi\-i""

    ~41\ ... i f'

    -to....

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    hett+ ex ckc4J'l~e.r

    or R-134o. ,c..o"..,sider +4.~

    O::,Wl3(h'1.-~~) + Wl R

    or

    M~

    -m3(h7.-h~)

    -:.

    w~

    __

    ,;'ter-cOl'\"'E'c.fj~

    (ha-~Q.)

    0.5

    lc.~/s)(z..570.S-'-lt1.4(")
    _
    ('3z.-r.'t~ - tOO.llo )

    ('ncf..- hd)
    ~ls

    :. 2'3.IoE

    t'lw.s

    ('~38,"lf - 3 }t{. 3'3)] ~

    =- 'V\e ,[(h'C~b) - (~t:\- "'c.)]


    '=(23."8) l(?>2:1.~(o-3\2.1,()- (L()Odb-~q.'5")l-:. 0"34.1./ kW
    ~eve\Ofe~ is

    Tk wloJ powtN'

    Wtea d.c

    (c)

    e,

    ~CoC.o t

    33 't.1.f

    = 3'\ ~ 5

    Lc W4ll!l"~-----------';;;;~

    For ~ \V\d.M~tnA.\ ~'(oc.-ec;~

    6p..oc.e~s ~ "ri-\PfO~S (
    :/2.S
    ~

    "',.-

    k")

    k... /s\(2S1C>.~"'Z.Sl.~ \
    ,JLJ

    Ic.r\t\ vst
    k.~.fl

    J ~

    J-

    Q pro~s

    :. S 71:1' k W"'lIl!!'l!II-------------------.,;...L---.,;...;

    8-/33

    1JI().feN'" is #re worfG.l~ .f.LuJc( IV. (A.. Ranlc.'''e C<Jcle used. .for co~q,..,evnft~.
    The. CtJcle. r!"t!u.ces POWfU') GlKd evr.e,rSg fejecJc.d f11:>m +J,uz, CDh.e1ellrilt!
    .s feA.,.., i.s ~ra.ras.(:e.rt'f.4 10 a.. sepa.~ 'P,..oc.ess 5~WI. Da,fa.. a re /GftOlP~

    kNOwN:

    a-f Vttrtous lQca..tUms.

    J)e.+er-m .'he tke, 1V\A$S ~Low rate tor +he RCt.nlc,~i1e ~cI'2 lA.>or/c.IHg fiuitt:()
    d.evise a.1Il~ e,vtJ.[urde. ~V\ e~er,en'c::, eHicre~~ for tke. overAtl

    J=, ND:

    art&{

    cD,e.Vlerc::lTIOh

    SCjsteM.

    Pc =&190 ~.f/"k1.

    ..
    ~iil\

    SCHEMA-TIC- i G-LVs.O VMA ~

    7i -::.7oo0 F

    _-

    I
    I

    I
    I

    (lll

    A55UMPTIoNS: (,] Each componeni. is a.na.lCjl.ed ~s (1 Ctm-lrol volume at. 5l-ead:J


    sta.te.(2l The fuN""I~ej ptA.Mf>Ja.ncl COl1de~se..r o;pera..fe ecdla.ha.fiGa.1t:1.(31 For-the
    +wrbl~e I
    e.eo J (,lKd f'ke ,u.rMf is ~'''(A.nle.d ff:> op.e-f7',.k ise.Yl.+r~iGt:tU~. (lI) l<H<lUIG.
    ~nc:L pot-eVl.1-14( et1eV"9'j e~ a.~ ne.~{j3ilole.cs) S",ffi.m,fed lii(,\icA e~l~ the..
    conJei'lser-a:c ft.te. ec~tf-e.tIlsU'" f('-e$sc..e.re. (b) 7; ~ S30~R) I'D = lC(. 7 ,.,-1-"",,. ~

    .Ylt -:.

    0+ #Ie.- l' r'\ ~(,i pa.1 s-fa;les.

    ANM.H5(s: F I rsf,J .p,'x eacl


    ~: P, ~ 800 (b.f.lI~~J
    .5tatlJ.

    h - h.",
    Yl-(; ~ ~l -11'2,'$

    ht>m

    ~fe. 3:

    r3

    h,:: 133'8.0 IBkt/lb) $, :'/,5"1.(71 8J.u/lb-~


    =t> l1z.s = Jlq 1.1 She/ilo /,.1,..1-", +he. fuYbl;'e

    FI ~t) Ps.:' ,00 'hf/,i.tz'.1 s:z.s ::.5,

    2.:

    efHGie~~
    ClVl~1

    7i::. 7()0F

    =b h1.= h,-l1-t{hl-La~$)

    .:s

    /].2.0.5 8Jujlb

    Tct./o}t! A-LIE. j 53-=' I. SBl8 8~/'b


    -= 180 Ilgfll'i42.; 50.t. 1i,(.(.iC( -.b "'3= 34fo.3 Sku/It> ,)

    hJt~h3""V(P-P,)

    = 34~.3 ~
    Lb

    t-(O.O/8zi

    H})(800-{S~l.:r20 JJ'Iq
    I"

    ,,,,

    S3= o.S'3z9 ~~

    1kl'-j;78.fi.lbf
    '6 I
    ~

    Iff:&.

    :: 3L//Q.3-1-~.ID =3'18.4 f3lu/lb} SCj=S,3 = O.S32.'l e~/(bop"

    5.f{cf~ 5: Ps = /40 Ibf.I'iA Zo) Is =2SoO~ =t>-CO""fr"et:OseJ 1;1""id 7htJ.S

    hs'l;'; hf(#so) +
    0:

    ~1It.d

    v-., (Z.Sl I r- r,,~t@ 15'0 ,=]


    0

    ZIS." 4--(P.O/7DO)(It.fO-.;ley.ez)

    ~S ~Sf(:ZSo)

    = 0.3"17

    tHu/lb-R

    8-/34

    ~~\\ ~ =- ~J8,9 6.J.u111

    ~: P, ~
    To

    /,",0

    i-j~cA +t.ae. ~e/e

    sat. ~6V'" =P' h, =11'13.81u11b,)

    Ibfl'~2."

    l')L6;.SS

    How r"0-f&

    use.

    o = -.-.nf.~c.le. ( h /;a 3)
    .
    . I hs " he, ~
    "lVle.ucle. = Yl1 pt'e
    h
    "
    3- h,
    2. -

    ::

    I.
    )(
    ~DI oeo Lb/ h

    Q.Y\

    ~/8.'f -

    oS, =:./.S7"

    8Iu./llro~

    e.~ev-g~ balo,lI\cfl. for" fkQ. c..ortdeltlser

    -rn,roc. (I.-Js - "',- )


    11'13.8 \ I:: S.S 77 )(10" II:> j'n .....~_-=-tI~

    3L/b.3-12.20.5

    CJ9generaflOk SC;1rlem) the c,fjde. rter work tA.~et tk" ~y


    +rtA.IM"k.rreJ +0 fhe p('Oc.~ss sf~t1Il o: .....e. fI,.uz. ouJpu+s, OoV\d tke ~ergy
    ,~c.~a.'e ef +k~ WO~~/"'!f +1~e:( (j'lS$If1j -J1.1,~Wjh +t<e ;S-fe/A.M ~e#1era.:1o-r Is

    For+ke.

    -Hte

    IViPui: . The at+fer~~ce oef-wee"1 +t1e ,"'put ~ <9uifLet Yepl'eSell1fs e'K.erf'j


    desfm<Je.d, dv..e -10 ,rrev~siJ,j/ i.fie:s. 1'h.u..s) a re.fL6on4bJe e>CQrje-h'C.
    e.f..t ieiencj is
    -net raJe 0.(. e;(er,y ou.r p,",,*
    6 ~
    raJe of e"!-,er,y IM.pv-:*
    ::. W"d e{< + h, frOG ( e:f" - efS" )
    "ri1~e(e ( efl - es'l-)

    -e!~-----------=-~'--:"-:'-~

    Eval (,(,4:1-, v.j +t..~ VQ.r-ious tlAa./fJh'"+ies Ii" -J.-11i..s e);f'ressio~

    We.t:tc.lfl. ::

    Wi - aN p -::.

    ,.n",c:lc:[( ts r

    ~ ~) - (h -: h3 ) 1

    1:: b. <f 3' X{O" t>kc./ '"

    ::: (S. S77 XIO'l )[ ( 1338.0 - I Z 2.0. S) - (2 .to)

    (h" -I"S) - To( s" -SS)

    ef4- ef5" ::.

    =~lq3.8- ;2(8/1)- ~.3o)CI.'57~J-O.~"77) -:. 3'3't.'f 6kA1/Jo


    efl- e-l'f

    :: (

    h, - h If ) - -r; ( S , - S'f )

    (1338.0- 3t{8.'+)-~30)(/.Slf7/-O.S'32.t:t) :.'1Sz./6hc.llb

    f'R013t.E-M 8, 71I-to+ ~ ,."d, u or -h' V\o\, ~ ~J'~J' e." +t r: t kQ ~ ~~ t e.-c c ~""~ If' (J "",,' t 0 f +~
    s~'- IJ't"C1.er,d"or of 'P""'Olol-ef\.\ 8. 11 " TN ,'"" I.t- o..""c:l ~ .. + te.-..,oen>..fv..I"~.s
    of .f-'- 't:l4...f rh-c.A.-.
    o..(~
    p""Ovid.a C:!. 0 +~". c:l ....f--.. 0..1"< fr~ -t"'- &0 lu

    t::~ 0 u./t'-& :

    'P~ b(e""",

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    (b)

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    ..f~

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    fk.t2 ~a.s s +reA"".J

    rde t.A. eJ "J .:1 14 c..rf;ed ~ b.:1

    ..r'v ~

    ~ ~.Qt" 5) """ C4.,.;,,'-ed O~ ' - , +"-' WAI-.-- S~A_,. fc) ""k~


    ~~r5(J c:L,SlYueh'(M/ o.""cl Cd) ~ ..t-'\C~FC. a.ffr'c..iv.~ ,""~'-tE,.7.'i-S:.

    S CMMA-flC

    .a

    6r\1/EIJ

    J>A-TA:

    :.Sook J
    ----~~--. I l-

    Te,

    1Ol:/Soc .... 2.&8K

    As SOMPTlONS ~

    '.oT

    ........5_c...$_e_s--t!=:-=oi::::-:_=_=-=_~-'

    bCW"

    Pc> ... I

    ii :'/'2.00K- -

    (I)

    n.PI: ::

    33Cl8.Y Jc:r/~

    B 0 J,o.,5(= &..6?S-Bb 1c::r/k,.K

    ,I

    Pe~

    hca.t .(.)(ck"""SE!V'
    ~ok:t

    IL

    ..

    \1'f = 195.3-' b~...,


    'M::' q3.8~ Jc,ls
    PC( -::. eo ~GI'I'
    ..

    f"o~ -l~ s-\~~ - s~-\e (.uwt....1 \JCltl"",YII-'Q. f) '-'.oW'V\J Qc.v -::> '-',yeo.
    If

    "\"e+\c. 6..v..ct fO+e~HQ.( Q~e.V'9~ e#eds~Y-e 'A~h5\}'\e..(3) ifA..t. kz,t C.OM.~HA.$+iO~

    (2)

    ~(;(.ses ~'(e ~oc-l~(~J e.s d~r"'("s

    Gc.\A

    icleo..Q ~S .. ~'i' eCl.dA. s-k'eA"", e1<ferie~es

    \1~tc1\\"\e pf"e~su.~ d..~. (5) To:: 2.88 Jc: J

    rca -:: 0.1 M P", =I b6->r

    F'fOVY\ s+~ - s~ ~cs ~C4\QMees ~ '\'WL wo..~r ~ a.Wo sfT~~$,


    s~c.i.&e" > ~'i eo. oM, ~ 'M I..~ -M\:a -Me a --M. 0.. 'lA.u..~) -\WL e~eN'9~ nde...
    ~\"'\A.,e eM\. toe. wr\~Y\) \A)'~ ~ ~\'o,,~ C4"'S~+c.:okS,"'S
    ANM,\fSlS:

    o = jt..,o_%V

    .....

    ('"

    't - '" I) T

    'M4

    (~~ - ~e' )

    ~~ = 'M L""-"'-'t ~
    \ \-\i. -~~)

    f<~

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    ~~ -:.03.8C}
    -r\vL

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    e.se.)

    SUH.e. p~ =f-e ) s~ .f1oW\ T o.~\~ A- z 1-

    \")

    503.07- Ic.::r

    f.'?>~\(8.tt-l85.3' "\
    \ l"'2.'7.fCl - S03.0't.

    <.0

    =- 383.3 te..,ls

    catU

    c.(M'nec:l l~ b~ +(,..G

    16,; . ,-bs

    met.\...... is

    =~c..~ hi. - hoe) - To ( s-.. - Se)J

    Sc ':.

    o.

    5 .. - Se

    n_ 1>./"0

    - R ~"/P~

    -e,

    1>

    S .. - Se w~~ V'o.t\A.es

    ~-.( Q.f.A-~) =t~&3."3 ki} [(''2.,1.1Cl - SO'3.'2)~ - ('l.SBIe.) (3.1"'788~


    - '2. .. 7.1 if 5 ,)

    = Itt J xto" l.W....


    (tc

    'T~

    N-r

    r't.

    t:T
    \C.] \ \ k\)J \ '::.
    ~"J'
    1 IJ / S

    ~.e..". 'r11O ~1't"I'q d

    O~ ~1

    V\e+ '(Q.'\e.

    e?lef"~1;\

    ft- l.\,;"'~r

    C4H'~~
    \11'

    ~ ff<"-tNl w

    W.(-e-fl-~'f.)::' W. ( ~,-h,,-'Tc,(!\-S''JI)J
    1) Olio 101 -e "Io'.\.a.,

    ,..iv.~

    pol .. 1\-.

    ~ T ~ A - S'" o..::t P.,. ':. '80 h#.f',

    Sq':. o,G..olgt:-=JJ~s'k. 'Tt..uU

    kif = I ~S'. '3Cl ~:;;J{ II=j

    Cc)

    T'-" ~4-r5J ~ Io'"""-""&.t.

    '= c! ':

    CD

    ,A..s....Luu. fob

    <r'~

    ~~ (e.t.( - ~fe) -+ ~ ( e.f'l- - e+ ,)

    =
    ~ ':.

    ~ ( e.f I - e~ 'I)
    ~A.tef.4- 't.fe.)

    I.

    I ~3.2 ~ 10 3

    lq,

    't.(03

    E'KQr~'J de"tylJc:HfM ~ ~',f C-ClS-e... ~ cU,~ --f-o hfZ4-1- trAkJ'f'v fr""ka ~5""e('- -I-t~~ CO\,y..bv,fh~ ,,~ +0 +k V~'J"""j

    -r

    W(A.~.

    0-137-

    I<NQWN:
    FIWP:

    The v~(1or 1'pwev" C<.Icle of proh14Wt B./7 is +0 be.. CtJl\.CA.ILjzec1 ~


    the. rerspecfwe. sf ey.e('9~ Q.CC4u~-f,n.J'
    ])e+erwI/'ne. -I-l,e ra.te ot IV-put to fhe. Wor~'kt3 tlu.i.d P((SSI'i.1~
    fh ro v.., itl the steam J.el'\.e mJOY a t'ld a (COL,(.vt i: for at! 6 Uf-plA.:fs)

    losses) and. ae~frucfloY\s ()~ flAis e'l.er61


    sCi-fEMATJc..

    (;'VN "DMA:

    See. soluflOI/1 fo Prob/~m 8./7.

    5c.rne as 'ProhJe,., B./7 . Mso" 7;, =ISOC =),881< a~ ro = o.s M P4.


    ANAl,\l5IS: Spzci/t, elltttto.lpiu ~ en/ropies o-+-Hte prt;"'cip~( s7aks are
    A:5$VMPTlDNs ~

    Sfa...te ( :
    Stale Z:

    hi = 3348. L( k.::r 1lCt:j J 5, =. ~.I, 5 8' 'c:.J[ ~."


    ~'2. = 2272. 7 k.J{~) s~::: 7. 2iPl.o kJl~.1<. (x z.::: 0.87'64)

    h3 -=

    ~~

    1c.J"1 ::, $3 -::: O.5Q2& lc.J[ ~'K


    h't '=. IBS.3' 1c.J1k,j) s'f: 0.'0'8 k;r(Iaj'k (do~/~ iHt<=rpolat'~.....
    jill TObie A- S is re~u.i red.)

    S+4.fe4'.

    J7 3.98

    Also I.fn>m 'Pr <:>kJ.em 8.1, ~ ~ = 3:~8XI~ ~51k ~we::l ~'W '=-

    8.'(,8

    xu ~ ~.j/t.. .

    IlApt.<.t: 'R>r the l.()ork 1'&-\9 fl~~ d'a.SSI'Wj --HArolA.tjk t~e S~.'''\1.e",ef'a..f.&r

    1"Vl (~I - e.f~)

    :. Yh [

    al. -"'4(.) - ToC s, -S\{ )]


    s~

    ,,{3.38XIO

    )[(33'18.'1- 18$.3'1)- t88(ID."S8" -

    eF

    = /33.2 Mw
    \

    &,I>OISll?J

    1 "'"
    3600 S

    Ou.tputs

    IJ

    ltvt~ II

    1 o'~'k.~ Is

    i~\>"*

    Nt.f powe-v- ~W~ct-e ::. (DO MW

    C"V1&..u.c.se r- :

    1'\11 Cow ( efl ~.J

    ef j

    A.'PrV'OXlMO.h~'3

    Sc."",

    vhc,w ( e-f) co""" - ~f J


    :: (B.l.iB}I;.IO'"

    = 0."4

    I ....

    -=- oM cw ( (hcw10(A.t -

    ') to(J.,)

    ~'~"J ilA) -

    ToC ~C.WIOCct -

    ~ SfCTc w )
    ,.... )

    (.t.>

    I ' .1I--LI[(,'t~198-"2.'i(i) .3600 1/0 3

    2-88(0.'5053

    -.22.~S)]

    Mw

    ~
    For fl.-le k+rbl he ~
    Ec:l)"twp:'

    To <:Tk&.ro:: To ~

    (S,.-

    s, )

    ~ (2.8B) ( 3. 38xlOs )(7. 2."20 - '-'.(0586)

    a~et .fi.\e 1U.rn(':


    'cl~pv""'f :.

    scw,~)]

    To ( riJ ) (s "f -

    S oS)

    = o. 2 5

    ~ \IJ

    f.-L 11~'f =
    3~oc 10

    I b. 3'2. J.i\.4J

    CGMi '& )

    PR06LEM 8.78

    288 K.a.38XlD ) (. S 1 Z' - 1 . ZJo ZO) ... (8.ctSX.1O*')(.St:>S3-.22.'1S)


    f ~ 'eo I Ilo '3

    ::.

    lo."~

    MIIV

    Checft.l~j

    Ot.<.tpv-fs :

    /00

    b.('<1
    }06.b'(

    l>esfru.eflOMs~

    I " . ;3 '2..
    , 'Z S

    /0. l'=>

    133.31 M W
    /33.2 1'11AJ

    PRoBLE M ~1Cf
    K'NQWIJ:

    Hot c.oV\'\low-h.~l'\ ~c.se$

    e\A.fe.\I" f'ke. ~ewt- Glt:dAA",,&',. ""Wt of tNa Sk4Mi\


    o Prob'k-tvl 8,1'1. The lll\l-et ~lI\.e::t el'-H +eMfero.~s of
    1'Wl ~e..s s+rel4.,"- wre. k~w\'\. oJ.~ ek.ft.. ecre f'ro"M ProbJ.em 8.1"'1.

    :J~~ertA-fo-r

    1>.e.4-e~M\~~ ~e e~~ . . . sy d.sh\1(;~W\


    ro.+es iV\ c..) ~ he~ e)C"~Q.~er
    ~I.t ,(b) ~ -kwb\he Q.~ f""~ ~ ~ (Co) +f,.A. coNle~.sf.V'" Also)
    LOJ~+e. ~ ~ r-o.*c. e)C.e r:9'dis U4.V'ri~& a.w~ b~ +le.
    e.co'i~ wo.ter r"-iS l"j ~o~'" ~ c..~tAe+\se.....

    ElNb',

    $cueOOtc. $ fPlVW bMA:

    Exiting stack gases

    I
    I

    \
    I

    7;.= 520.
    Po ~ {C{,1

    Ibf/l~:1;

    Combustor I

    IlJn~
    Fuel-

    1
    I

    __ -.J

    I "It:::

    RI.{O

    .0
    I'

    Heat exchanger unit

    L __

    Hot combustion
    products

    ._

    I I -M "" 1.+tID'" lb lit.

    -t>

    Air

    Cycle working
    fluid

    ASSOM~noNS~ (0

    5d.rne tU P...obf.ep, 8.1'1.


    To :S2.0R..) ~ ={c{:1 {1:>f/lw~ (3) Th~
    CC71\I\" lAoS h.Ol\ 'C4S es, '(.r'C ~o- de le et cc.o t:llh""
    A.S Q."l ide-.( ,t.&.s. (lfJ rke fJ4S Cfre.a.M)

    ('2.)

    -Hc..e.

    We)

    J.t~, i(. ssi ~

    ,..k.i"

    r;::::-

    !-==t>

    Turbine

    ....

    -f\Y'O ~ lot t.t.

    ~telCdIA....,~f,C.w.+ (1.1N:l .f(,.,a. ~eKserJ


    iMIIJ ~ ~.e-r ~ll~ ~ S'fretllf\,
    eo.dt e ~rl~l.4.ce \'toO , res s u. ('4 cJ.Kop,

    --

    'Z..

    ....:... ~ <..I.(J 'l-ul


    Cooling
    Ik/ h
    water out
    '~'GW-

    Cooling
    water in

    Fe..- ""I.o..e.. (.cY\-\-io1 VOw.V\'\~ ~u..vVOu.~ '1Aj tt..A ~ .e.~olAA.~~ ~)


    V\i\lA.SS ~~lo..""ces fo-r t(A..a. wd-'te.r a.M.J Ol"r S~W\ r-iJ.AAc.e ,
    (~Sf.e.~"Ve.Uj ) +0 ~ 'of : ~\ -: W\. eM.t-J. oM'.. :. Me ~ Me.. . Th...u.~) t~ -ca~~'j vo.:.te.

    ANAoL'iSIS :(6.)

    s+~

    - skA.te.

    bCLl(AMc..e. is

    or

    o -:=9:C-';I:v+ "'" (\A".-\',)


    ,
    m (h\- \-'h.)

    'VV\C4,

    t-Mo.. (hi.

    ~ ~e)

    ("", ~ ~e )

    F-rOM TQ.'o\~ A- 22E) ht ::. 'iqo.Qi 0\M-/lb ~ ~e. =


    -M -::.ll.~

    ek...It\o. T~.s

    .l{)~ 1J,1~)(ISC(1.1 e\-u./l\, -lS,f164-ull")."5.1.13~tO",1,11,..


    (t{Q(),~ - :lO(.s~) 6l'U.J Ii,

    ell.

    --n-. (-(~h elf e'/oe~,'1 <:iertf"c.'tl~ co,o,


    Y~Q. \oo-\o..\..\~e. ~ ~ ~-\Yo\
    ~lMo

    0-= ~TJj

    lb

    2001.5'b

    + ~

    \o.e tou.~
    \/f>lulMA. is

    1v-O'M . Ed = 1 a-w
    0

    i\u. elA-h-o(l~

    (S'(-S,) .... Ma., (S~ - se) +- cr ev

    E~-: To l-M(S,-s... ) +~Atse.-s,,)l

    S\iAc.e. P: :Pe. ) Se -S .. .:: s; _s~o

    To.ble A- ZZE- 1

    S;c

    O.101C(1 o.~

    - ~.~) :. s~o-st, w...<..~ v-.(u.es

    s1 ::. O.Q2S"OS:
    ~-140

    froM

    ~J ;",,-+~,..pola:tl~ il.\.

    Ta.1?l.e A-SE J S..,


    Pr"Obk.M <5. t'l,

    O,(33(P'( Blull~~J (1M.d wj+~

    X(OW~)((,(g-:\I$-O,(1~~<i)B~/tb

    Eel= (52D)[0.'#

    +{ l,l:~ XIOc- 1/h)(


    :=.
    0:))

    :2.<6<.(

    XtO

    J wi.j..~
    $,:; ,.(,~(S
    ~a.tc"(' fvl,~ P("obl~YY\ 8.1~

    C)"II'\

    Ed

    ':. To

    Wt

    ~(

    S If -

    =- (?2.C XVI
    (C.)

    (ht,e:tt

    Bl1Allb.1< ~1'\J.

    XIO~)( (.1C,1(,-I.(,1t5

    Fu,~V"J w'(+~ Sa'= D.1327 O~/lb.


    ~'/.er,y de.rtYl>c;/iO\o\.ftrr +~ pu..~ IS
    -:z To

    EJ

    C'l"~""\.'\~e

    1.1~1~ s~/lbR.

    5'2" =a

    ""~~)

    (s2,,-S,)

    -:::(520)(1.4

    Ed

    O.701t{1-0.Q'2S"osD

    Bw./h ....-er----

    for tlAL -kwbln~

    b"-SecA

    S,: 1,(p")(5 6kA/lr.~ frO'N\

    )::.

    OR (sa.+. lit. cd

    't.'ll X(07eM/h...--Zt~b,~e)

    /I,t/,.....' :)

    fhl~ of

    Sa)

    XIOb)

    (O,n3~t( -

    0.1'3'2.7) ::.

    (g.gq '/.(05 e~/h .....


    .rJI----. ~~~~)

    S\'M\\~r~).for -+\....Q. ~.e.we~

    Ed :::
    :=.

    1'0 \

    -M ( S 3- 5'2.) +

    (52.0) [ (I.&f

    = 1.'l.1
    w~e~e. Sc.w

    )(10'"

    Xl 0 (0

    )(

    c.\,\J (

    ~c.wJ Du.t

    Sc.UJ J ''''' )

    0.\ '3"2.1 - (.1l.P 1 Co ) -T ((,.L{lxlo"1) (. oq 33'2. - .OSSSS)]

    e~/~

    Ec;f

    (c...ol1d.fM~)

    Sf (.T) .

    F \V\Ctlt'j) ;.Wt V\1l-\: v-cde. e~e,-~


    fo-~S i~ ","",'fO~~ ~ c..owl~s~r is

    :=!(("Lf3 x.o .., ) l (4~. OCl - d-8.o8)-~2.~(. O~ 3 '3'2.


    ~ ~,3g')(l0'7 1?>\-\k1 \.\ ..

    - .OSS'SS)

    V\e.+ 'CO--\-<'
    e.)(e~C1 i~
    co.'C(" i eGl. Ol.tf
    \00; cool, ~ ~ wG(;\'t..,.

    KNOWN:

    F.eecAlPClter heCltef'S op.e~fe its l~ +h<2 r~e\l\er'l+\"e. vapor fower


    'Pro bl-e M 8. ~ I.

    c.~ e(.e of

    ])-ek,.ml~e fte e'lC.~t'~~ de~t-ruc..h~ I""~te! ef I-ke -teedwafer he"-f-evs rer


    tuti+ ~~.s &t SteAM ek+e.rilf\_~ fhe .f.lr~ +u.rft,lke. "~e,, &\~C( e~pt"~
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    e x.et"'S ~
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    frU,l.cA p~ss\ ""~ ~("oWf k +l-1e steAM j.eli\eYtl tor, ~\f = o. c," q..3
    SCHMA:TtC $ ~{VEfJ DATA:
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    ~'.

    tj' ~o.'l~~if

    \1,'2,= 3ol>".Lf

    2..

    _____ 320 =b.4f3t:f2


    I t - - -......-

    __'I

    c\ose""
    l ' \-\eo.te-Y""
    1_ _

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    b./-M I

    ::.

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    :l,"~(O'l k"/f~K

    ~l

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    8.' I,

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    -'

    '-'" '=.

    To (,-/tV.

    15c

    I'

    ~'_~") = e ."'8

    h" ': \SI.83 k3"J",


    1081.3 Ic;r/"S

    '>'l\ ~ D.2.'13

    :O.'l.b3CY

    L~t TD

    ,
    "'~+er I s,::. ~21 k:T/~'K

    s,= I.", l8 l7'!k;.KII '\J

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    I

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    I

    h i =SU 'j;}"

    closed hecd-er .EJ.j-Ml-=

    el1~~ ra.:t~ bC4{QMCe

    o : .- f~O

    l'rM le A-~) ~

    Solu..ft.O'JI\

    For: -I-ke

    hs'=S~,? I<~ll~

    '.q3~2 k.J1L::,.K

    ,- - - - --

    k.:Tt..,

    'Ss ': I.~f<i K.J'/~.lC.


    ':. 108i 3 k:TJL.-

    _ _

    Ic,;;r/~

    A~S()MPTlOtJS:

    1c.J'IJc,

    S3=

    .3"

    ~ .;l.~"q~ !cJ"Ik,K

    z.esk

    Tk.lAS)

    Lc.S1;'~

    41f'\

    ~l L~1(SL-.slO) + (Sg-Sq) + o-/~J

    '0 [~l( 5 10 -Sz.)

    +(

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    =(Z88k) [(0.1.'-1'1") (2.i'lt..'l-9.lt3'i2) t (Z.,.05- H.b~r)] 1c;:r/l::j'K

    ::. 31.3 (,c.J" /~004r4-----------------~


    5im\(Q.r~ -for+~ ope'" h~+e('

    rlVr + ljl.IS3 ... ~I.slt +(I-'i1' _~") S,,-5 ;' a-/~,


    o .J;~ YTJ.i
    1
    or: E6 /;', =. To [S,-'j" Sa - ";3'.s" -(1-'3'-111") 5,1
    ::. (2. 58 ) (<I .bi 1S)-( O.Obn) C". 'i'C} z.) - (o.t('lCJ )( 1..tt,,&.C,,) - (0.""-8")( O. S210U
    :: 2-'1 . ' I<:.:r( ~ 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . ;
    for +k~ WO ""-l'&I\9 fUM.&. f~SI.lI\9 ~("CH'..~", +ke S~M ~~rC(.~
    (e:fl- E4ct)

    =. (

    k,-

    "'1 )- TOCs

    l -

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    :: (3&.f~"l."{-I081) -(2.88)(b.L{3~Z

    Ttv..es

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    . 1%1:0 _

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    -=
    :.

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    -2.1~OS')=: 'Z<:f'7,' kJ'IlCj


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    (tolosec(

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    ~.

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    12<=)r.~

    ( 2..1

    o/(,i)

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    h~r

    11-112-

    PRoBLE~
    KNO- .... :

    8.BI

    F I/UO:

    PtUt''''~

    ('e.~.""'..... Q.~"e

    VAP0V" POUJI!#t" c'(cLe of Probte~ B.~T' I'S


    of- ey'I!#""::; Clccou~hI'\,'.
    'De44lO" """""~ --tt- ..-a.k
    e.t<.4 ....,
    "'t? "'-'t -1-0 ~ ("u OV"IC.II'\,~
    ,'c:l
    +~I4J" ~~ .s-k""""", ~ ~H~"'.f-oV' _c:l Q,cc.ou",,+ fvv- -f'.,.a ~S(UD31+r''''''''
    T'-.

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    '0

    +, \.;

    d ,.

    '\ ~s ~l'#"") .

    ScktMM\c." (,\ VSIJ DA1A: Se.e. solu.+\~ 40 fro'o\(.W\ ra.r.1


    M,u MPno"'S " Sa-me ~s ill\. Probk.M e ,111. M so) At ~ ts> ::. 2.881c:. a,v-Jl.

    r -=

    b(;llt'".

    ANM8S1& "

    5-40.~

    s+-..k is .fl')(~et ,'"" ~ sol.u.~ lo prObrew. 8"1-

    EtA.cM prill\ c.ipA.(

    11L 5ft:cific.. er\.fW.s.lp;~s

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    e.l.1.+r"ie.s

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    If

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    lo.<to1-z..

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    -rCt11..8 \

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    Z.20'].5

    '303.B

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    :: ('"Ill ,I
    -=- 5'.I~1

    ~)H~~'Z.'t.b - \303.~) XlQ5'

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    ,

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    ': e,.5

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    ~W

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    -=- (411.( )

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    ::. '-lfofo,O M W

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    =
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    31. 3

    loss
    ---:"_

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    : 5~. '21 "'W

    +(I-'1''fl -"3 1l 1 \(5,- 55)]

    f>O-\oa.r ~e~~e~ ~

    EJ :: ~ITQ(O--/~I) =~,ToI. ~'(Sl!~-S2.)


    = t8,e 2. '" W
    l 0 - 'caw-

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    -=-

    + (S'\f-S,,)]

    h <:A.+e'(" :

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    :.. '0,'17 MW

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    = ~.1 M.w
    irOfs '.

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    Tko. (\t"'e'lot4U"cLn~

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    f ...... -.:4c-.-. 'et'\e ........ ~

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    ScMeAAJ,c. ~ &\Ve~ PA-"TA:


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    Tk.e.speCl--fCc. eVl~

    ,'~

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    "8

    9
    10
    1/

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    I. (031 S
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    l.foS(,q

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    Iq b, 2(P

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    203.2.8
    33'1.10
    4'72..2.2

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    From fu SollA.:h..~
    12"l > J ';j HI

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    .5 :2.08

    -to Propl-eM 8.1#8 ~ ~J

    ':.

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    s (0\U./Uo .oR)

    /272.0
    /231..1
    1532.1
    13'f1.5
    J1/8.0

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    Q.cc.e" ..,...:+ ~ ih c:L.s~s,-h(J1".

    sMe. is . ./-~)C~ li.t fWl. SOllL+c.~ fc Proble~ 8.(,9.

    A. .....

    ISI/7..5
    J /.101/. 2

    Z.
    3

    ~.qt"''5d

    prolol~~ S.bS. A-l~oJ \et To:' 52-0R.) po: I \~/(",z:

    t.L

    k (6\u./lb )

    '5+Me..

    1/ ::. ,

    'P~loteW\. 8."8

    See. ~o\u.+~ 10 'Prob\em 9.#08.

    ANM..'1S\s. e~C"'Jrl~V\C.'fClo(

    'cf

    of

    poc..u-e,.- c'( d~

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    (,AS',',s

    oY 3lf ..

    =5.28"X/D" Ih/~J ,#'=.1'17..8)

    INPUTS

    Bon e..,./S'1'e~ ~ eo..+e.f":


    -rOlcefl-ef,1: Wl,

    Llh,-n,3)-To

    ::.~. ZS'XIO'" ~) ((lSc.f2.S -=

    3.05 XIO

    S,-S'3)]

    41Z.202.) -~'2.0)(

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    CI-~J'-'a)~. (e:fS'-~+) = (/-~'-~")vh, [l.l.as-t,v>- To(Ss-S't>J


    ::. ".31'2..
    OOTPUT~

    n.e.t ev.tf\'\'''t
    or ""! c. \4t.

    co 8

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    ::. M, (t -

    -=

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    KIO

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    8 f>kt/~ . . .1
    . --------------....;
    ;.

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    =- ~, '52.1 Xl 0 8 Bkc.l k
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    1 ~ tot. 377

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    XL 0

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    Ed ::.

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    3. (,,~2.)<108 ~k

    CD

    /(NoWN: The r'"~eYle ...a.hve vo.por"" poweya oac/e of Prohlem 8.1-1


    f ....o M the peV"SpecA-l"ve of e.)(er~~ ~"",,*,-V\~_

    ]ef.e.f"m I'ne -the Y?:Lfe Df


    elCe f'Ci) ~
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    SCI+6MA'C'/C i

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    Po:: IlI.7

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    $0/1..(.+("011\

    i#1 Prd>/e.m

    1-0 Problem

    8.-11.

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    /388.5

    I J 9fo. 3

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    1187.8

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    1001..5

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    /.72.3lf
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    70.04
    5 '12. If
    541..4

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    solu..twl'\ 10 Prottet'h B. rl.

    sC8-1u/lb.f<)

    $. rl.

    AlsoJ let. ~ ::. 52-e D t< eU1~

    A-NM)f$(S: . l!ac.Lt fn~c.i(Ja.( srlte is fJx.eJ. itA -HAe


    The spectf(c, ertt/Ao.{p,es (uv,( eutrvpl8& ana.:

    Fr-om

    is analCJze::f

    0,13 ~7
    O,l3Z,7
    O,~l/7 I

    0.7839

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    123, I
    J 2. 5.83

    0.223/5
    0,223/5

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    .
    +~e soLu.+\o~
    lU PrOD eM ' 8:=1-'/

    . t.! 48 xto'1 11-/1~


    -m.,::
    p

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    =~.14 8 X(O 1 ~
    = fo.Lf1"

    LOSS
    (CO
    \. n&tt.llse.r)
    loss

    ~
    Jr., uJ U

    :=.

    Wl,

    X(o<f

    )[(/.388.5"-125'.83) -(52.0)(1.5(,.,"5 -

    8+u./h 413

    O.Z2.3IS)]~
    ]:l'\.pt(L

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    :TS""<"

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    :. 7,00" X 0

    ef<.ll h <a
    '-;41

    loss.

    PRDf!>,E/v1 ~.g3 (CoYlf'd)


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    l't : 115'1.3 I<

    :: ~ -

    VI

    VV\

    \&.(00 -

    Q-z. 1I 1VV\

    lc..) Th4. ~~t\'l.c.~~ tVotu.~L.

    "W3.0~

    73

    I.

    :\1.'U'\2. )(6.5) ::. 1~.3)3Z.

    V'1.

    -.!!.:

    'Y\"\

    W~c.\e/VV\

    -=.

    (01)

    u,.. ~ gq'2..'tS k:r/\~

    -!.! W\

    CIo)c.\'"

    Sb

    (lL...~ u, , )
    "T

    8'\1..QS - 2.\'t.01) = 121.1'2. \c"l"


    ~

    The. +~Q.~1II\Q.\ etfi.(,\~ .... ~ l~


    '\1\
    \.

    t/Wl2.

    \)Jot'''- \ ""o~e... ~+ 'IV"'\ c.l'& Q

    'N~'ic.le

    ~~

    e)(fa.~'s\o""t\,.

    V..
    tr.,.s V:r, .. 'lira

    )13

    Q~ + Uo'Z,,:'

    1..l 3 ,.

    <'b)

    73.082-

    'U.'Z"

    fat- froc.ess

    C~) To +\V\a

    <:.

    = 50.3.0"
    rite sf'4cit ic, iV\+e~Y\,,1 e.ntr~~ u, 3 is -k>u."'( uSI~9 -l-k.e. e,neY"5'j
    b(l.\~\I\c.~

    Sto.te4

    tr.... :a ,"ZI. '2.

    121.12
    - - - :. O. 51 S ( St. 5

    1'ioo

    'L&

    0/0) oll!'~---_""":"
    oq;

    V.-\l-a. :.

    't.c.~<Lc.kWe. ffL~SU"''' 'l~ ~ \.V~~ \o~

    '1-1

    "M('\F,-v..) , So

    +"~

    YM!A.\o\

    W~t.l&

    ~ WCoAj,\e/V\I\

    VI - \/ 2.

    "V'I

    ::

    "0",

    -"~

    (~7 ~) (~OO l<)


    (100

    :. 0.8'"

    k Po..)

    (O.6lo1 ~) (1- CS)


    '=-

    'VJ~(,.\ l~

    V; (I - V... I \$j

    I\

    \c:p,,H)'S N /W\'&.

    /1 10 ~ N"'"
    'k.'T

    I
    IO~NI'tl-\L
    I

    \c.r~

    (e) ~ep
    C\li'L 2. ~P~ tEl.-a~-----------_-:.....---'-

    IT Code
    r= 8.5
    p1 = 100
    T1 = 300
    0231 m =
    m = 1 II

    ~3/"5

    L"12.1.12 leTIk.<j )

    :.

    :.

    Wcycle = Ocycle
    Wcycle I m = 023 I m - 041 I m
    0411 m = u4 - u1
    eta = Wcycle I 023
    V1 = v1 * m
    V2 = v2 * m
    mep = Wcycle I (V1 - V2)

    II kPa
    II K
    1400 II kJ/kg
    assume a unit mass of 1 kg.

    v1 = v_TP(IAir",T1,p1)
    s1 = s_TP(IAir", T1, p1)
    u1 = u_T(IAir", T1)
    s2 = s1
    v2 v11 r
    s2 = s_TP(IAir", T2, p2)
    v2 = v_TP(IAir",T2,p2)
    u2 = u_T(IAir", T2)
    v3 = v2
    m * (u3 - u2) = 023 - W23
    W23=0
    u3 = u_T(IAir", T3)
    v3 = v_TP(IAir",T3,p3)
    s3 = s_TP(IAir", T3, p3)
    v4 = r * v3
    s4 = s3
    v4 = v_TP(IAir",T4,p4)
    s4 = s_TP(IAir", T4, p4)
    u4 = u_T(IAir", T4)

    IT Results for r = 0.85


    041/m = 678.8 kJ/kg
    T 4 = 1155 K
    U1 = 213.9 kJ/kg
    U2 = 502.9 kJ/kg
    U3 = 1903 kJ/kg
    U4 = 892.7 kJ/kg
    v1 = 0.861 m3 /kg
    WcyclJm = 721.2 kJ/kg
    11 = 0.5151
    T 3 = 2233 K
    mep = 949.4 kPa

    '1-2

    PLOTS:
    800

    0.6

    700
    ~

    600

    ~
    .......
    -:l
    sc

    500

    0>

    0.5
    0.4

    -.,E

    400

    0.3

    ~
    0

    S 300

    0.2

    200
    0.1

    100
    0

    0
    0

    10

    12

    1200
    1000
    800
    I1l

    CL

    0-

    ~
    ~

    600

    '"

    f-

    Q)

    400
    200
    0
    0

    10

    12

    10

    2400
    2200
    2000
    1800
    1600
    1400
    1200
    1000
    800
    600
    400 200 0
    0

    10

    12

    12

    ktvQUUy:

    It cott,{ a.w--s.Ja",,~~re< otto ~(,le VIAs A.k.V\.oc.,O\,\ c..o~(t'sslOl"nd\o


    a.~ ~ spe.Cl.+' eA. s~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~V\.\ ~ o~ CA't\Af'n $$ I ~ . T~ kRo.:(~tL.~ p~r\A\M.t 'Mt4~S O~ ~Lr

    is, ~\Ve.lA.

    D.t~.,~\"'e (~) ~ ~e.t- wo.r.c. per u.~\.t \W4c;S of Q.\,r .><-.bl ikt tlMrood
    <tftCiwo., ~ o..~ ((.} ik W\(AlI\ e H-ec..-tlve. pres\u,Y'e., 4"'cl (cl) the ~.. M~
    c'y"~ '*'&-"''t.rt\.4",,~.
    3
    le) Pitt tC'AGfA cfTwe qt44 I1lh t ,,"c
    Se.~e ':\A:rlG ~ C,IVQJ DA-l"A:
    f
    vc.r1:\U c.o""'Pv~ssioll. t'(lf'I.O.
    'I. /\/'1. = 8 .s
    ~ ::. rxcc \:r
    BlVO:

    It
    !rS~OMPTlO~S: S

    ee

    P. -= 100 Ie. Po..


    T,:' 300K

    E2C'()..~'e q.I.

    A-!so", dS~UMe. COYlSfd",.:t ~,eci.fic. hw:fs


    evaLUAted o-t 300/(,.

    kNAt.'IS1S: F,;!.t, c(4.+e~ti-\e f'u. te'Mfua.feA.r~ Q..t eo.ck f rt lAC i(Jo,( ~fo,-fe. of
    iiu ~cle.. T, -::. 300 It::. \S ~1VtM..
    Shi..\e~. For ise.V\trO(lic. CO't\A..{),(,~$~\Oll\",)"T:- -:. (v\/v"I.)\r.-lT , -= 10CD.1 I<.
    Wne'('~ k =\.tt froW\ To,b/e A -10.

    5We. :> .. ~ +e.~~~V'~ T 3 is .feu.v..J \A~\~ -I-k e\i\e~'1 blA.b,v.ce fo-r


    ?"<"o,e~s '2 -3
    . /0
    'W\ L\..l~-v..'l..)

    T ~ '::.

    -:. Q"1.~ -)P""2-'J

    (Q.u I VV\) + T 110::'

    =t>

    1'tOo
    0.'118

    c""

    W\

    ~ ("'~-T"I.)

    "J"1c.~1~.K
    I'" -to

    Gh)

    Ob K ::. 2" 5" K


    7.1

    T,3,

    ste4e. 'I" For fu lseV\lf-ro(l~c. e2Cpal.\r.l~)


    T'f -:.
    (~)

    To

    t.\\~~ +\,..0.

    ,,-\
    (~
    Vlf) T 3

    ",.e.*

    (b)

    nu.

    (\J

    )~-I

    k-f

    ~. T'J :. (8.S)(2-lc>S,") ~ 1/28.41<:.

    \.Uo-r\c.) ""~~ ~ \N~c.l~

    w~~ ::. Q~
    :.

    :.

    1~()O

    ~~ e.-tC.l~"'-Ut
    J

    ::.

    ':'.. Q.~(.\.lt. ~

    Q~ _ ~'T" -T.)

    (.'\~)(H'Z.8.~ - "3001

    cs \.V\..': \rJ~~le/~
    _
    ""
    (
    ""'''Z.~~

    ':'.. BoS.'2.

    0.515

    (c) ~ ~ e't.tA-we. Fe~~u.y.e \~ SWQ.V\.. "9"j


    \fV\e.l>

    ':: W ua to\. ~

    ::.

    \tJ c.aa e.\eo

    -::.

    \]>Ijf de

    ~ l t~.~l ~) (

    300 \c.)

    (I 00 \<P~ ')

    ::. 0.8Co\ 'M~/~

    W\~

    =.

    (805."2.

    "~IL)
    -=-"":3_ lO~

    ~~"'\ ~) (L -

    t;)

    I"'"

    'Uj (I - U'$/ '\T.)

    '\M <. 'U\- \3'",')

    'J \ - \) -z.

    So

    t.J'1N\

    \ lc'3'

    k;rl~~

    51.5 DID )"'fllIi~----':'

    PRoe>L6M G\,2 (~.flot )


    Ike c1tk ~ 1'Wl. '("e.~u.w-eJ p\ots

    cro(lL

    ob.wM'L4etlltsi\f\.~

    IT Code
    r = 8.5
    p1 = 100 II kPa
    T1 = 300 11K
    023 I m = 1400 II kJ/kg
    m = 1 II assume a unit mass of 1 kg.
    cv = cv_T("Air", T1)
    k=1.4
    Rbar = 8.314
    M 28.97

    IT Results for r = 0.85


    041 /m = 594.8 kJ/kg
    T 2=706.1 K
    T 4=1129K
    c,> 0.7172 kJ/kgK
    3/kg
    V1 = 0.861 m
    k= 1.4
    WcyclJm = 805.2 kJ/kg
    11 = 0.5752
    T 3 = 2658 K
    mep = 1060 kPa

    v1 = R * T1 I p1
    R = Rbar 1M
    T2 = T1 * rA(k-1)
    m * cv * (T3 - T2) = 023 - W23
    W23=0
    T4 = T3 * (1 I r)A(k - 1)
    Wcycle = Ocycle
    Wcycle I m = 023 I m - 041 I m
    0411 m = cv * (T4 - T1)
    eta = Wcycle I 023
    V1 = v1 * m
    mep = Wcycle I (V1 * ( 1 - 1 I r))

    PLoTS:
    900 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.7

    800

    0.6

    700

    c;

    600

    500

    --

    .Y.

    -.,E

    s
    S

    0.5
    0.4
    ~

    400

    0.3

    300

    0.2

    200
    0.1

    100

    10

    12

    1200

    2800

    1000

    2400

    2000

    800

    10

    10

    12

    (II

    a,

    .Y.

    600

    <1l

    1600 -

    1200 -

    0-

    400
    800 200

    400

    0
    0

    10

    12

    q-5

    12

    Al"I
    Q.""'s+",,,c:L,..,.~ Otto cycLe io\",..s A. 11::10400....,'" c::.O"""r'~~f"""'- t"A-h'O,J
    sp.c.;h'~d sf-... +~ 0.+.,.",.., Io.t'v",''''j of c.o-f~sr"o".,/ Q.t\d. ~ sp~e..~ed

    !<NowN',
    0.

    4e --pc t/'"tA +c.-.t q

    ~ c .... V _

    f..!!::!.E: De.-k't'~'"e. (0.) ~ k.Q ... + A.c1d c J ,/ (to) lI1er ("uOY"'~J Cc) +-~ .._..A. (.t~'C4-~"'''1.J
    (d) "",eA"" *c,..f'\'~ p-uu~~# ALro" (e) d.(>ve(ul" o: ~11
    a CCc1v 0\
    of--/-"--

    H,.,,

    elC.r~

    ~"''''tj "'-~

    -tr"'....t -1--"0-

    r- '

    e~e r,~~'t ~+f't'

    SC~c. ~ -(:,\ V'GIJ

    ... J~'-h'-

    clev~~

    c. ..... (f)

    46'\6

    -tv.' VA ~ A,k

    (J

    DMA ~

    s.t; :. 8
    'P.: I b4N'
    T, :. '2.4io\C
    .,

    "

    , ':.

    '-(.00

    elo'l/\3

    AsS\)(\AjI:n~N" ~

    See 'E:~tA.~,e. q.1


    AlSo<:l, let '"10 1: ~<tOI<) Po:. I bAr:
    'IT

    ANM..'iS\S~ FIrst J

    5We. 1 ~

    Po

    .fl",- tA.cl" of

    ~ fr,i-\e~p( s~ies~f f(...A. ~c((2 (T~ble.

    'ba.r> T, -= 2.'olc: ~ "', .... '20~.c::r J 1:.':T/1cs

    I:l

    Sfc.ck. ~ ~ T3

    :. 2.'Z.oo\< ~

    steele. 'f ~ For is eli\;h-opic.


    'TtAAA~,
    (0.) 10

    ''t

    h~d.. t~ "e~-t
    W\ :

    ~
    R:r.

    ''It

    (..(3 ~ I 87Z.lI

    e.~PG("'SI"o-M. oJ

    1I5'1. 3 I::::.

    Ie:r/~ "trr-s

    1.T Cl

    e,

    e,

    r3( "fv J)

    '1r

    U ~ s 5e:t 1. 3 ,,:~rl ~

    I btW'")( 400 c.'f\I\3)


    (8.3W Ic:.T \ (2..'\oK.)

    ros

    .;l.8.~1 ~)

    ':. t{.8DbXlO- lf I~

    'MLU.~-U~)

    = "~.,

    NIll\211

    1 /octv'

    -:.8Q.51'2S

    2.01')...

    o.J.4l+t ~ ~.fW~ Glde."'~~e -Ku. 'M..A.~S


    ':.

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    = ~"'b,1

    ,,"LT'-I

    Skde,2.~ For iS~""~fl'~ to"""~'S(cnt." 1Jf- 110 = tr,.,\VZ./".)


    TkMs, 'r; :. fD524 I<. j Ll" x LftzS.tI ~:T/1c.cj

    -t,

    "1/ I/.~)

    =v,. ~ (

    : 1".el('

    o.i.r

    'k'3"

    .JI

    IO'S""'M,

    I W\3.j

    lo"c",,3

    ~:z.A - ~
    Q2.~ :. m (l.\I-U",) :.\-=\.80~)(.lo-q)(1~12..'f =-

    = O.Co' 15

    lc.:r ~~

    Y7S.1I)

    (bl 10 .[,""'.( tlu. ~t.t l.C,)c)",IL J V\O+~ +~CLt W~".c. : ~c.'tc.l~ )so

    Wc.~t.\.e. :. Q,,:> - Q .. , -::. Q~ ~ - 'Ml.l.t", - u, )


    ~ O.'-ll 5 (C.)

    Th.J..

    ~MC(
    '\11 -::.
    "\'

    (d] T'ruL

    =- ."3311

    Q1-~

    \"J\ep:.

    e,

    .~1/5

    O. SO(,g (50.(, Of,,)

    ...
    ~~----------

    e..He.c..+We. ']W~s$u.\"e l s 5\~.tM. 'od

    W~c\e :::V,V7-

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    - 20lo.'ll) =- 0.3"3'1 ~j. WUj41~

    e~('\~\H~ is

    Wle

    V\l\.e.0,,,,,

    (It.80(,. XlO-I.() ( Sq 1. ~

    w~
    'VI (

    1-

    vtc.l\A.t"s

    Co. 33 t:f 1

    I\
    .

    "-'3')

    Y\t\ep ':. ~-----(400 (,.IM~) ( , - ~)

    V.../V\')

    q:1 J ha. r: ._.........

    o~""1M
    \

    \c.1'
    .0..-

    ~ 1"'Cc... -1"'- t....A-+ 4ock--it(A." P~C4 is 2,-3 ..'" Vol 1I.. .s ""'0 I.U Q r- Ie: 0 V- V't:> I V 10\4 .e..
    c.""e:t OCCtCl"S' '-U,~......& ;11-k,.,..,-t, "'re v'~J#h~.s) GV\ e~-e V"5::J
    b A \Al1t ~ I\A Luc.e I 10 AA.... c1

    (C?)

    clAAlI\j~

    El-E1.~ t[\-~]s~ -j;W-0J -~ ~E~= E~-EL

    <D
    nu"'l

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    E." -1:1. : (v3--=-

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    ~ t..(5l ': ~ T~(S~-.s t.) -=- ~

    -"",Tt)

    l s ~(71) -

    'Po~V,,-)- 'ToC S:J - S~)


    sO(Tz,)

    ~ t- \ es JPiJ

    Si,,(cVi:V~) Pc3 JP2,..=

    1.3

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    ,.~ A-l \.

    a-

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    = O.fol~5'-/f.80,)(/o"X~~o)l3'("'tIZ.'tc;1S3'"""
    \J.
    ~

    ThL

    4 e

    t"'eJ '1- -\"Y'o. t\~ ~


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    = 'N;.;: p~v

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    A ....

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    O.'i2.2.~J
    '-52.'1-

    '1.8 . 'iT

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    "'" o.-k: c..o

    fo /L.""'J:

    'PJI.Oc.a~l 2.-~', E~ ~ WZ-3 - ~V"

    Wc,e.tc.. -::. O. ~ 3'C1 T ~:::r

    ~ ~"'3Q-tv-AMtf-- ~C'c~-.p"'rtr""'j

    "'-a0l00b ~.t.J,~

    ".

    obf,...."""C'e,(

    ~ D..loov-e,

    W1- ~J 40 ~ -'V+J -To(S I-.s:..) . S.W\t'c V'i"~J p'J~ -:.TIT'fJ


    -: "'" [ ~1-l.44) - 10 l S:IO - S: - UJ- ~ J : (1. to"~II>i)[~~.~~ - rsrcl.g)

    E~:=

    -2~O ( \. "S02

    -s a ns:

    )J -=

    Uj. J-. 24io


    '2tl 'tT
    /I )'Cr. '3

    _cl

    w9,et"

    o- 19'13 ~"J
    .

    1>,s~sih' CM4t~
    G" ..... ~ 'l:

    't'U":Jt

    o".,;t-

    _"'....""w Lc.

    _ W1.. ~ tr-lIIr1

    e- "13Cl7
    e. I to 1.1

    (h S.I 0,,)

    (1+.' %)

    o
    n.'t.
    A", tj(,04t f Se h "c .-rfac.ACIlH~ ...- ~r c::..D..S~ ~~'" lu. \"," H~"" ""'" ~
    ('~~o *\ ~ deS'I"'~ (W.e..r,~ ouJ-r~( ~.('5~ trA""S~ 4lC~~1'~ fC-VJrJr~ delle l(),....) +0 -t'-- e.,.ce,.,,'::1 tI'o.du d . 8l,,,,,sp.#cn"V\A o f ~
    O

    ""'*"

    ...Ioov(! sv.. ......~ ".~J

    CIoJ~,.e."

    e- ':. <.r. I o/().

    '1-10

    The. d~

    W('

    m +lrte. V"L1v.i~e&

    So..V\'\p\

    plok /lre. cs bt-tl.ll.te.J \.l$l~1


    ccJCtAlcJ:ioYts for ~ ~e. of. r- ~ 8.

    rr', AS

    to LtowS.

    See Probl~ q.3

    IT Code
    m * (u3 - u2) = Q23 - W23
    II kJ
    W23=0
    Wcycle = Qcycle II kJ
    Wcycle I m = Q23 I m - Q41 I m
    Q411 m = u4 - u1
    eta = Wcycle I Q23
    mep = Wcycle * ( 10"3/10"5) I ((V1/10 "6) * (1 - 11 r))

    r= 8
    p1 = 1 II bar
    T1 = 290 11K
    V1 = 400 II em"
    T3 = 2200 II K
    v1 = v_TP(IAir",T1,p1)
    v1 = (V1/10"6) I m
    s1 = s_TP(IAir", T1, p1)
    u1 = u_T("Air", T1)
    s2 = s1
    v2 = v11 r
    s2 = s_TP(IAir", T2, p2)
    v2 = v_TP(IAir",T2, p2)
    u2 = u_T("Air", T2)
    v3 = v2
    u3 = u_T("Air", T3)
    v3 = v_TP(IAir",T3,p3)
    s3 = s_TP(IAir", T3, p3
    v4 = r * v3
    s4 = s3
    v4 = v_TP(IAir",T4,p4)
    s4 = s_TP(IAir", T4, p4)
    u4 = u_T("Air", T4)

    II bar

    IT results for r = 8
    Q 4= 0.3312 kJ
    T z = 652.4 K
    T 4 = 1158 K
    U1 = 206.8 kJ
    Uz = 474.9 kJ
    U3 = 1871 kJ
    u4 = 896 kJ
    T 3 = 2200 K
    QZ3 = 0.6707 kJ
    Wcycle = 0.3395 kJ
    11 = 0.5062
    mep = 9.7 bar
    0.6 , . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    0.5
    0.4

    Pt..OTS:
    !="

    0.3
    0.2

    0.8

    0.1

    0.6

    IJl

    g
    >~

    0.4

    10

    11

    12

    :v-------

    10 ---.---------========~

    (J)

    (J)

    0.2

    -G--

    6-

    network
    heat in

    7
    2

    10

    11

    12 ~

    .0

    5
    4
    3

    2 1 -

    o
    2

    ..,

    10

    11

    12

    't.S-

    PROBLeM

    IC~C)WN:

    ~ sp.pel

    r'eA+e

    Mo.)(/Y1't 1.JvY\

    Otio cycle l1..As ~ Ic:~e..v"" CO~SI,.~ r(1.tJ'~


    +~ ~ ~ I &-t\"\.i"'5 0 f CO~ SSI' 010'\ ) a."" cl ~ top"" A"=f,'~ d

    Alr'-S.fz,. ... d...-.t

    Cc>lcl

    d ~+~+e.

    a.

    \-v. (e.

    ~re r: A

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    ITCode

    v4

    =r" VJ

    s4 = s3
    v4 = V_TP("Air",T4,p4)
    s4 = s_TP("Air", T4, p4)
    u4 = u_T("Air", T4)

    r= 6
    p1 = 14.2 IIIbf/in 2
    T1 = 520 II oR
    0231 m = 600 II Btu/lb
    m = 1 II Assume a unit mass of 1 lb.

    Wcycle I m = 023 I m - 041 I m


    041/m=u4-u1
    eta = Wcycle I 023

    v1 = v_TP("Air",T1 ,p1)
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    u1 = u_T("Air", T1)
    s2 = s1
    v2=v1/r
    s2 = s_TP("Air", T2, p2)
    v2 = v_TP("Air",T2,p2)
    u2 = u_T("Air", T2)
    v3=v2
    m * (u3 - u2) = 023 - W23
    W23=0
    u3 = u_T("Air", T3)
    v3 = v_TP("Air",T3,p3)
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3, p3)

    IT Results for r = 6
    T 2 = 1051 oR
    T 4 = 2229 oR
    P2 = 172.1 Ibf/in.2
    U1 = 88.73 Btu/lb
    U2 = 181.6 Btu/lb
    U3 = 781.6 Btu/lb
    U4 = 415.4 Btu/lb
    Wcyc1ellb = 273.3 Btu/lb
    041/1b = 326.7 Btu/lb
    T 3 = 3865 oR
    P3 = 633.2 Ibf/in. 2
    II = 0.4555

    4500 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    2500 - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    4000
    2000

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    =
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    10

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    16

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    0.7
    0.6
    0.5
    0.4
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    IT Code

    p1 = 14.2 II Ibf/in.2
    T1 = 520 II oR
    r= 6
    Q23 600 II Btu
    m = 1 II Assume a unit mass of 1 lb.
    ev ev_T("Air", T1)
    ep = ep_T("Air", T1)
    k = ep I ev

    =
    =

    (T2 I T1) r"(k - 1)


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    (p2 I p1) (T2 I T1)"(k I (k - 1
    p3 I p2 = T3 I T2
    eta = 1 - 1 I (r"(k - 1

    '1.8

    IT Results for r = 6

    T2
    T3
    eta

    1066
    4573
    0.512

    1.4

    p2
    p3

    174.6
    749.3

    totlows ~

    PLOTS :
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    co

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    10

    12

    14

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    0

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    0.5
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    :JOOO~

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    11
    v\.. -- l -

    -fa~tdc('t"

    fke. hecc.t o...k1.d

    M:: u~- U'2. :


    -tlAe hee.tt reje.cteJ. i-s
    ~ '::. Ll U.t
    ~

    tk

    BftA/ II, J ZJ;. 3 = If. '2.58 I tJ'rtf

    CRtSe.l

    frOM

    &'2.3

    a~

    ca.~ Joe. defe r-WI I Keel

    ftx,ed ll-~I~j tke. r.e.ltA~~ +WL Lsev\'~l:>~"lc.


    1.1.': - (1.TLi ) \t
    =(.u=:
    '11", )
    V''I - 'u
    r~
    'V<3
    '3

    (A~ u,,+

    1rr 3

    1r-eS'~('fL

    V. 53q ( 53.qo/o) 4!f


    ...

    \IL

    is

    W~Gt'C. = We..,.,c.\Q./r\-\
    V, ..V7..
    1f, ( 1- 'If'...{v;)

    :.

    G.,.J, I hI\

    Q '{II ~

    ~ (I - 1Jz./

    ""I )

    Thu.s

    ~e

    :: (,,~o. t.8 - , 3.~ ) 8\ou/lb


    (13.?>S

    .f~/lb)(L _ ~)

    The ~cd~ .fov- -tk~ Ye.~\.C.~e.& rLo~

    '1 ')~

    H lkf
    1 SkA.

    a..V"t. Ob~",~

    III

    .(42. \ _

    l.

    ''i41'''1., - 3Cf.15 Ibf/l'" ..

    USlWj /11 a.s followS":

    ITCode
    Wcycle = 023 - 041
    023 = m * (u3 - u2)
    041 = m * (u4 - u1)
    eta = Wcycle I 023
    V1 = v1 * m
    V2=v2*m
    mep = Wcycle * (778 1144) I (V1 - V2)

    r= 8
    p1 = 14.7 IIIbf/in2
    T1 = 530 II OR
    T3 = 2000 II oR
    m = 1 II assume a unit mass of 1 lb.
    v1 = v_TP(IAir",T1,p1)
    s1 = s_TP(IAir", T1, p1)
    u1 = u_T(IAir", T1)
    s2 = s1
    v2=v1/r
    s2 = s_TP(IAir", T2, p2)
    v2 = v_TP(IAir",T2,p2)
    u2 = u_T(IAir", T2)
    v3=v2
    u3 = u_T(IAir", T3)
    v3 = v_TP(IAir",T3,p3)
    s3 = s_TP(IAir", T3, p3)
    v4=r*v3
    s4 = s3
    v4 = v_TP(IAir",T4,p4)
    s4 = s_TP(IAir", T4, p4)
    u4 = u_T(IAir", T4)

    CD

    0.4

    IT Results for r = 8, T3 = 2000 0 R


    T2= 1191R
    T 4= 953.6R
    P2 = 264.2Ibf/in.2
    P3 = 443.8 lbf/in."
    v1 = 13.35 fF/lb
    02ym = 160 Btu/lb
    041/m = 73.73 Btu/lb
    Wcyc1e!m = 86.29 Btu/lb
    YJ = 0.5393
    mep = 39.9 Ibf/in?

    -+----,------r-----r~-,..--.,....__--r-----,---...--~~____4

    2000

    2500

    3000

    3500

    4000

    4500

    5000

    O-t----,----r-----r---,-------,,..--,...---.-----,-----r--,-----,--!

    2000

    2500

    3000

    3500

    4000

    4500

    fW IT !'vo..Lu..ale-s s cr, p) Gtt(-W~ ) a.V\& -Kw.s does ~l)f u/-il,)e +tte.


    5pe.c.lc...f iSt.lf1.trc:>pl<:, fu."''''~s 1I"'~C.1) ~ Pr(T) (1..$ ~14 ~e.A-Z:z.e.

    L Nofe.

    9-11

    5000

    PR013LJM <:t.ID
    /(.NOWN:

    A colo{ a lr-s-}-a,VtdArc( oHo c.Cjck.

    ha.s k1,DWYl COYlcl,fIO~ ",f .fke


    ~IMnJ~~ t!)f~M(Jf'e~SlO1'\. The md-.., lirkC.h1 tAjc{e feMpero:fu".~ vortes
    oveV"C\[1lveva i"tc~e.tlrld fhee.c~(~ssio)\ ra.tio fakes 0)\ sreci/led valu~.
    theYMlA.( e~.cic.;eJIICCj ar\~ meA'" eftecAwe. pr~ss(,(t'e. VrHU
    1l1a.),,~u...., cJele ~~ro.-k.c.f< ioreAclA coMpY-e,sio~ ra.l-io.

    Plo+

    cPt V61J DATA ~ See 50/UtLon to 1robfeM '1.'t.


    AsStJ01pnDNS: S().~e a.s ~X(A~(e Cf.1 and k=t.lf.

    SCEtM4TIC. ;

    ANMVs,S: FI~5t) deteV-Wll'V1e ffAe. -hzt1Aferqke.r~


    fjl'vetl, (1~c1 l"'"a1),/1J"'J.. i.s Sft2.CU,':eeJ..

    0.+ ea~

    pt'ilo'tciptA ( sfa;fe. 7; /s

    Sft:c.fe Z: :ISI2tAfropic ~mp,(~ssIOY\.,; T-z:( 'f/-, Iv.,. )f4-IT,

    et T.3
    S~e4: Tit =(1f/~ )1e"{T3 : (~2./tr, )"-'T3

    AI SDI k-r- a. pt'V'f1(. U la r llolu.e

    ",',+"" Ie. -= t.'1 )

    Co- lAlI\ be. cJ.efeN"r"ulAec;( frorYr Table .It -.2 0 (Cv = 0./71 B.h4II".~J.
    1~e. tl.1eV'Ma..l eft.lcI("Ii\~ is
    Yl -= I - -.!..r \c.-l

    Tltu.s,

    a~ ':: ~ ( T 3 -T~)

    ~I

    +o-c-

    Pl()ttlV\~
    2.0~o

    -n--oV\"\

    1rz.( lit )

    :::{O)8),o

    to 5 DoolO :

    ~ (T... -T,) ~

    W%k = ~[(T3-1~)-Q-'i-r;)]

    Cv-((T3-T~) -CT'-(-T,)]

    :.

    -u-, (\ _

    ::

    l/r)

    1J"l ( I -

    ON\j. l'ht\J(\~UM c~c\e fq.w.f4f'C(.~res Ya.~~l~

    0.70
    0.65
    160
    0.60
    11

    10
    N

    0.55

    0.50

    ,
    ..... 120

    :9

    g.

    80

    0.45
    0.40
    2000

    2500

    3000

    3500

    4000

    Maximum temperture - OR

    4500

    5000

    01...-""--_-1.-_---'-_---'-_ _.1.--_-'--......
    2000
    2500
    3000
    3500
    4000
    4500
    5000
    Maximum temperature - 0 R

    ""lOW'" ~

    ce.w--

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    ll.-t T\ -:. 5~ooR.> u,\:. 'lS. 'fli>\\A.l\b 'V'"n ~ ('!>I,1<;i'


    1" v-~ I ~,. ~ e, (,S t..J.r 0 pL C. e.
    r- e SS (0 ""
    '\f'("2.:' ,!,"l."\1',(, :. (0,( '2.) I~ t. 1 g -::: t S. <6{

    F'("o'M T(>.\o\~ A, Z.2e.~

    (Y\N\, ()

    v\

    a.v..&.

    I~"J w<= .,e+. (.('2,.::' "L"l.1.,I.{~ fHu./ll:;


    At T:s :: 51-OoR. ~ u.~:. loCl8.0 8&W11o
    o, \ i> 1.8 . ~f' ~ ls(.\,",:\TO\\ "Co (.~ fCl \k~ \ """

    '\S''(' i :.

    trC'\i ~
    u.si,,~ {1.\"~1 we.

    5d

    ~~ V(''J

    LA.'1::'

    :.

    *"2. u'('~ ~

    t.S'l.3

    S~tt,~1"B.\-v...llb.

    Th.t- W w~ ~ ~de. is
    Wc...at.te. ~

    (l1.,)-Q.l.\' ':. 'Mt(U.3-U..,.)-(U tt -l.l.)]

    = (O.OOO\,lQ1Ib)[( (O~,O-,,'t"t.l{C6)fo('

    0..

    (~s'{.(pq -QS81)] B~b

    :. O~:2. 11 10""" -q
    'IN tq c.\ ~
    .fou.v--~trolu.. ewoWL > ~ ~'u ~ld~ e nce, fer ev~~ iwo

    '(evo~uJ~~ et- ~ Olo.MkS~Tt.

    \N~'t -:.(~) (l~OOCAjc.Ws{~~)l

    0,1.17

    For

    totvc

    ~hwl.e.Tc:., tIM.~ (>~w'"'

    6~j"UI
    ')t. \ '-"fl=- ~gL.",
    . o-f2~Z ~\u\~
    ''r ..

    IS
    'W..d

    FOr

    kNOWN:

    CO~~SI'~

    f I~O:

    otto eyelP, ~""-4 .s+~+e ..+ ..,.~ b-&'til1~''''' o~


    -t"'-. ~I_V__ c,Cle.. +e_p~rA+Ufe t:A,,-e 6:.""Dt.UII1,

    Cl\1;"-St-",d.A,.c:l

    eJ-f'\
    Q.",U

    Plo+ +'-- JI\A.~ ...... ~ Ie pta;'" "''''''4'+ 1 """"'''"' t ) +,,~ . t ,""c,_.....t c.fft'CA.'."" C'"J ,
    ~ ..... *c...tt'~ p"'-'U\A."~ v~"u..$ C::OMocc-U;""" r&.'ho l"'A.I'\~"lo'\.' f.ro",,"-

    o.",c::l ~

    2-

    14,

    SCf04T"",tltT(C 4t;.IV'lAJ

    A"i."I,)"""P'T'~~s~

    l>1't71't:

    Se~

    E~A_p\~ q,l.

    T3:: '2.0001<.

    P, : I b ...,..

    T. ~ to()l<.

    ---------V

    The toLlo\).)i~ '(e~O'V\'~"'5 \$ \.C.seJ.


    G Ili tAA ~,,<..ue.s of P. J T, J r I ~ T.J.

    AAlkWSI$:

    I.

    to solve

    ~ r('l)lole f'\ol.

    cw..J. S'T;JP,~ = '(~)Pa.). Whe.vl (,LSI'~


    TlAbJe A- 22. ) -+'fAir is ekp'('e~seJ 1/0\ -fc..rms of -v;... 11J".,.~:. ~ IV,.,
    3. u..e. 11'1. ~ t13 aMJ. ~ id~
    tKaM I ./-f>, d Ps .
    ~. F;x ~-IrJe 4 as i~ ,-tel' 2 ~ use S(1i J 'P) :: seT.,) f+) O'V Vr"4 /1Tr 3 :.1.1".../1J3.
    NOw I (Lsi/lt~ e~e~Cj boJQMCes) ~ fu ~ fk-d W~3 ~W41':O
    2., Fiv

    5faJe

    z u.sl~j idco18(4~ reLa.fL~~

    aM

    fv.r~,
    ~

    11~~

    -tor ~

    ~,.., ~ mLc.e.~-u.'I.)

    (I)

    Q4 1

    (l.J

    \'\'\ ( l.\ I - L(4)

    W~/'M: a.7:~/V'f'\ +Q~, I~

    l1..::

    WGc1e-lc./Q -. 3
    (51

    PR06lEM 't.1 S (~f 'd. )


    It

    Tu: r).fX.1vA .tar -& r~uw-et< plot j

    Solu..ft.rw.

    Q,re

    obta,i"eJ u.silltj I~

    4.s

    to tlows:

    ITCode
    p1 = 1 1/ bar
    T1 = 300 1/ K
    r= 5
    T3 = 2000 II K
    m = 1 II Assume a unit mass of 1 kg.

    023 = m * (u3 - u2)


    Q41 = m * (u1 - u4)
    Wcycle = 023 + 041
    eta = Wcycle I 023
    mep = (Wcycle I (m * v1 * (1 - 1/r) I 100 II bar

    v1 = v_Tp(ltAirlt,T1, p1)
    s1 = s_TP(ltAir lt, T1, p1)
    u1 = u_T(ltAir", T1)
    v2=v1/r
    v2 = v_TP("Airlt,T2,p2)
    s2 = s_TP("Airlt, T2, p2)
    s2 = s1
    u2 = u_T(ltAirlt, T2)
    v3 = v_TP("Airlt,T3, p3)
    v3=v2
    u3 = u_T(ltAirlt, T3)
    s3 = s_TP(ltAir lt, T3, p3)
    v4 = v1
    v4 = v_TP( ltAirlt,T4, p4)
    s4 = s_Tp(ltAirlt, T4, p4)
    s4 = s3
    u4 = u_T(ltAir", T4)
    PL.O;~

    IT Results for r = 5
    T 2 = 564.6 K
    T 4=1215K
    P3 = 33.33 bar
    v1 = 0.861 m3 /kg
    02~m = 1269 kJ/kg
    041/m = -732.3 kJ/kg
    Wcycte/m = 536.3 kJ/kg
    11 = 0.4227
    mep = 7.787 bar

    :
    0.6 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = = 1

    600
    0.5

    500
    ~

    --

    0.4

    400

    -; 300

    0.3

    -.,

    /200

    0.2

    100

    0.1

    10 11 12 13 14

    9-r-----------------,

    10 11 12 13 14

    10 11 12 13 14

    "IJQWA.>:

    of

    f It-Jb :

    otto
    Tttt.e. ~/W.{AYl1

    AV\ ClW- S+o..V\GtC(.V'c.(

    CIH"1'f't'SSz'Q>\..
    Y'(U\3 e (}.,Yt(). ft..tl.

    ~de. ~a.s k.~O(..AJ'h c.o~I01As

    at 4-4 h~jlru'lI""~

    c~cle. +e~kl.Y~ va.nes ove:

    ccr"'f)f'~,r/~ V"a.-I-i..o

    -I-o-Ic.es

    (J\'\

    ~tVeA4

    t:t

    specified va.Lue.s.

    I t\ves+-;~Olte. +lAe. eHecr o~ ~~ SMUM Ctjc1e -kV\Afera-k<,re. ~ f~e.

    work per u';\it W'a-ss ~ ~Lr.

    SC\iEM+"J'C. cf

    ~l VJJ

    VleA-

    1'4--1'\:

    3
    A2.sVMPTIOtYS.

    Sa-me a.~ Exa.~Ie'1,(.

    If= I },a.r
    1; ~ 2C15 I<.

    . M

    A.NAL'ISIS', SA.~Ie. CfA.lculQh.~ ~

    \1'''::8 ..

    4=

    LOOok U.sl~

    Talole A-"Z2..

    fro~ TafJe A-22) US :. ~IO.4~ k:r{(~ )trr , :.9 41.,\. Fo'( ",""e coV\Ao{lY"~sioV\ pYOce.t;s
    "\Tt(':z.::' ~)l.rY"'L:: (i)(~~l.Cf)= 8D,~Cf ~ T~={'''2.1~ K)u-z.=48.3.1S
    ,Jo<.-U)e:tt T~::' lOooK~
    "\1"('4 :.

    U~:1S'8.Cf4 lc:J'{k~ )V"r.3= ;2.CS,I"1. For

    -KuL

    k.~{~

    e)tpC\~SL'~

    ~)1.f"'3 -:=. ('~.J'\J'(?I ': CB)(;lS.\'>:' ~DI.3(, ~ u+ = 3~b,.?O b'fl~

    S,IiI(..W'2,.")=W4\L::' O )

    Q'Z.~/W\=~)-\..\'Z.)~ Q~,/l'\'\::' (u..,-u 4 )

    t=or~

    ~) W~c\e -:.. G~. ~


    WU1rAe./ 'rV\ -= CU}-l..{l.) +(U I - u ' 4 ) -:. (1S'B.<:r4 -483,IS)t(2.IO,4Cf -'3~b.5o)

    -=
    ITCode
    p1 = 1 II bar
    T1 = 295 II K
    T3 = 1000 II K
    r= 8
    v1 = v_ TP("Air",T1, p1)
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    u1 = u_T("Air", T1)
    v2 = v1 I r
    v2 = v_TPC'Air",T2, p2)
    s2 = s_TP("Air", T2, p2)
    s2 = s1
    u2 = u_T("Air", T2)
    v3 = v_TP("Air",T3, p3)
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3, p3)
    u3 = u_T("Air", T3)
    v3=v2
    v4 = v1
    v4 = v_TPC'Air",T4, p4)
    s4 = s_TP("Air", T4, p4)
    s4 = s3
    u4 = u_T("Air", T4)
    Wcycle = (u3 - u2) + (u1 - u4)

    14Q.1B (J/~
    800
    700
    600

    OJ

    --

    ..>c:

    --,

    500

    ..>c:

    E
    -.,

    ~
    o

    400
    300
    200
    100

    IT Results for r = 8
    and T3 = 1000K
    U1
    210.4 kJ/kg
    T 2 = 662.8 K
    U2 = 483 kJ/kg
    U3 = 758.6 kJ/kg
    T 4 = 468.6 K
    U4 = 336.2 kJ/kg
    WcyclJm = 149.8 kJ/kg

    0
    1000

    1200

    1400

    1600

    1800

    2000

    2200

    T3 (K)

    We.. See froM fk4


    \''AoreA.te~ <.tid"'" T3

    plo+ ~ +kL I-te.+ \VO'lk.


    e:t+ +\Xe.J. c.o~fesslO')\

    r:.a..H.~. As\5,O J ~ plots cr~s eAcL.. o-\1Aw)

    \1A~+\""1 ~ ('.a.\~~ of w+~~


    01A. T3 .

    cll.~.(eN".s clepe.~lA1

    'f.rr

    PR,ogL.cM

    ~Nlo(UN: A>'\ Qi"-S~A.",~,..-l

    for ts~",-fn>p'c.

    ~"d

    Co"""," f'-'Ut!i 0&1\

    C0~UiClY\.

    "'-A+

    T"'-..

    C''1c1e htu A. I<.~.w..., c.o.....'c."..us;o"'" f\r-i-'o


    sp~c..l'ed s+"fe (1.: +~ ~rl1"'" n,

    A+lc.il1.rOfot
    A..

    Adc:!..-hoto\, p~"

    cro

    ()f

    V""-4+

    k.\4,sS c.o t4110 LC""-Ou.JW;t.

    f'~o: (A) s"'~-I-c~ ~ t''fc/e 0""' T-s CO ora...: "'0. t -s l)e4e-r""""'tI\.~ (b) ~l\e "'~+ c.uo,..~
    tc;) +,,~,.
    c....~ .. e ~ ) ~ let) """""ct.'" ~(ft'lI-4. ~SfU.f. C"_!,..re CA.',--tA-tk.. otto C'tc(.~
    C)<'A~ 9/ AIlc:i cLc t e v U.
    .
    3

    . . . . . . ..c8+'
    1

    SCM',""T( (.2t;11/"IJ J>~7J1lt:

    "'Yi.-8
    1. -'"
    Qu//ft4 :.
    L

    p.=

    z.

    I\SSVM{>TC()t-:)S,

    AtotA

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    $, s~

    ....""-e tolAr

    1,,"00

    e~A_pl~ q.

    lOO~P~

    T. ~

    S"e

    ~':JI t:.5

    '300K

    FbI" part C,.) J ~ ,,'."'..,..... Fa... pAr+l (t.) - (d) J Joe ~ "\ ~'1 oft ~"I'\~ e ~c "'"
    f\o""'l;\~/c t.\-I'.f.el' e.ttil/\.j d"'~9"11_ 7O-&lt .4\-21.

    u, :: 2.1/.01
    For: lSeltt1rC)p;c. w)')\pres.sion

    ~+a.te.l: p,

    ~tMe 2. ~

    = lookP-.
    y '2,.

    Th.us J

    ,T; =3OOK ~

    ::

    2/ 2. (

    p::

    rr,

    The spllcit ie ;1II+uVlA( eJ,te,...9~ u 3 is


    fo-r fyocess Z-3

    u3 :: ~ + U'2,.
    o..AA

    ::

    ::

    t't 00

    2.231. 3 k ~

    R::. p.
    :1

    z.

    p,. 3

    iou-hod US.I;"~

    fLte

    eHer'!:1

    -~./)

    G2 z, 5

    '11'1 Ct.<. 3 - U.,,} :

    Pt"2.::

    b4la~ce

    TlM.ts J T3

    "lrr, ::. "2,/.2.) Pr , =1. 38iPO

    =503.0," L,~ )
    Z7.03<f
    :: 000 kPc:..) (2. 7.03 C/.) :: Itt 50.S kPC\..
    \:
    1.3Bc.o

    p. of:%.

    2.

    is) == 73. DB 2.

    T:z.:: 1088.21<) U-2.

    a.\lC.J..

    :ili+fe 3.

    ="

    ~z.

    11;-,

    k.J/~

    1>

    .... 5/)3 .l>(P ::

    ::

    '<103. Of.:, k.o/f<.;j

    3' If 2.. If

    (~)::.
    JttsoS(Z.Z31.!)
    = &32'1 l<.P~
    I~
    .
    (g 8~. 7-

    ~+4k.lf. For flAe isw..ft"o,ic. e+petl4si~

    fry:: Pr3

    (~:)

    ,"'-us.> T'f =8;J./ J:::.


    (0.)

    To fL~d +he

    ")\e,.f-

    Wese(e ::
    \'V\

    work

    ::. cg '1S. l'i

    Ml4.SS

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    Q.1..3 _

    l"l 00 -

    :: 8'55,/

    ~ 't

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    rev- ut1<i+

    Y\'\.

    .I

    == Pr3

    W\

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    k:r/~ '"
    'l-~'1

    52.853

    I-:...J 1/c.~
    J

    nol-e. .J.f,..d \\J~de .:. Q~cle.)So

    (ku-"'..)
    "'

    300./1 )

    W''JcJe/~

    (b)

    The +hQ.V"Mcx.l

    vt.:.

    et{-l'G\eV\~

    W~c.te/rt\ =
    Q.~~

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    ('(.l%).....a~t--

    855.1.:. D.hU

    1Y't'\

    J <i 0 0

    lc.) The ovemLI ~i5 pl~c..eO\e.\.A.t .'Uo~~e. i.:s Vlot-V'2. =.'\11 (


    "MeA\'\ e4!+ed.. we p...e ssu.re is 8\vell\ b~
    Y\')

    e. p:. W ~ cl e:

    :.

    V li -V 7.
    EV(J..\lA..wh~ g

    W UJ c t&

    =- RT\I

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    = u.~ k.1e:.

    (BZ.\

    Q 00 ~ ~a..)

    ) so +1Ae.

    W '<j del""" .
    1.J't ( l - tr'&oj U'"..,)

    :::

    'lJ.... - t r'2.

    "'f

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    U'li -LT-z.)

    ---:=--

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    10 tJ jom 'l
    1

    Z.3Sb M3/~

    ~OW) +\Ae.. Spevl~lC tro\u.M.E. va..fio trz./tT'#' is


    t.J2.

    V2,.

    "tJe., :. ~. V'f

    "tJ'"z.

    T,

    "'U"'c T~ =

    (J)(
    300)
    \8':5- B 2. r :. D. 042 q Cf

    P,: PLj

    (855. t '<-3"/~)
    mep :.

    (2.?> S b

    = 3 7't. 2

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    .Oli'2.<tC\)

    k.P~ <lIIIIE.sI--

    ......:.~_:;...e~

    ffOb\.eM. ~ClS +ke.


    cc~r('e.SS\CSl' (".i(.+il> Wr ~'("oc.e~ I -2. os ior +l.tQ. 0-\\0 "<dele ''''' ~~Ob')M 't. L
    L-towe\lQIf",> +lAe. \5evt+rD~\~ e~p'C\.V\sln\ (rrocess 3 -~O h,s , "nM-Lc.k \'\\ 9 h-e r:
    '\rO tu.me.. V~+lO ~"''''' ~ ~ ~1to ~ cle , 111\", -l's iUu.~+ra.+etf oon +-"he
    -follow I~ ~ t're~~u.(4." ,,~lu.t\'\q. etlCA'j ('~M :
    DISCU,S'bIO~_: The. pll.rf-tGl,A.\C(.r A+k\IAS01\ ~cle \\1\ +"'-lS

    ~--- V'f/"?---~

    r
    z,

    4
    V
    T~e.. v--es\J..{ ts lll\ cl.\.'~,,*e. ~().t +~e. work. o.~ #(,V'~~l e+("lG\e,\I\~ I itt c.('et:<.~e.
    for fiAe.. A+ll-lIASOn ~cle) ~s evcdeV\cetllo"j +Lte..l~rge.(" eV\Clo'e&.l tYQ.Cl
    'Fu.r+\A.e.r", +1Ae. 'Me~V\ e.ue.c,h"e. pr~s\.LYe. ae.c.f"'et.c.s;es.

    9-2.8

    PRDBUEM tt.18

    Air t.(,(AderSoes a.. cold.. tt,r--s+a.l1aa,,-.d AfIe.,iAson C-CJcfe .


    Dersve: Q;yt e>Ct)rtr!S'slon.for fl1e.rmcd efflc.JeV)~ ~nd CDrrtpore
    the cold a.ir-s.J.a.n&tb'J OH-o Gt;Jcle .
    ScfJMkTIC. i G=l V6N .PM1\::
    r 3

    8-~~U~jlTlQ~:

    See E.'Xa.m pIe. <t.1 AlsOJ

    aSSUMe. COn6tee.t.1.t spec.ific. kea:fs.


    ANALYSIS ~ To +,~o(
    W ~cAe
    ~

    Ii
    1.T'

    -I'ke 11e.f work., note fktd ""~c'e = Q~Clk' T~S


    Gl.\\A

    Qou:t
    ~

    = c.", (T3 - Toz. -

    rh~rt!..(ort?) +he. +heY"Y\1al eUlcie~(.~

    "l::.

    C.pCT"f -T,

    :: I _ (p( ret -~) = I _ k T,

    WUJde I'M

    Qz.~Il'V\

    ce.r(73-

    tor oreees
    s 2.-3 ~
    ~-

    A\t\rJ.., ~ ~rocess 4- \ ~
    Now ) ~

    T, _
    ~

    (TI+/ T, - ,')
    T2,,(T.:s/Tz.-I)

    oz. )

    t-

    b tV\ "h 9 (4).) ( 5) J a. ~C( U,)


    ,

    =.

    \c.-,

    J.

    l-

    +he ~sulfs of
    k

    = if",

    1.

    1J3 r

    .L ::. f.Rf )Vk

    \rz.
    .
    ~ "S.:::. r!! ) Vk
    'V"3

    COV\1 ~Y'~

    Ujt-les)

    +~e.

    11 oft"o

    ::. ( -

    (5)

    (,,)

    \'P4

    .L.J.

    (1)

    (2)) (3)J dnd. (;) (nto (I)

    K.

    (r"f- I) ..,fl4!S~----------------

    +her-MAI e-l'c.ieY\cC1

    "'~CAti ~~+

    (4)

    ( l"r'If<.-I)

    r \c:-I

    'To

    (2.)

    ;}

    ~
    = (~)"k.
    (~)k
    = (~)fc.
    = r:r k
    T1
    P..,
    Poz..
    ,,.
    n't1AIl~) ,hs.e.rfl~9

    (I)

    (":Ii)

    =- r

    T.., ::. ~ : ~ . ~
    T;
    'lJ",
    'lT3 -t.1i

    ~he. lseY\-tro~\c. CDmpress'tol'\. ~

    (,()'YV'

    '& _..-

    - P2-

    ().Mel. for -H-vz. LseV\fro.pic.. e"p~Y\~ ,oV\


    Now I

    is

    ProcesS' I-~ l.s i.selll+ro,tc. .TkMS Ta/Tt =l1J'/l.T1


    HA.~eY" J

    w,+4

    $+

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    k"l

    Afofe fW:<,+ +~e fL.te.rmed

    etttGlenc.<j
    avttA ~) Iou.t not on -t-I"e nt~)(,'(h k

    of
    WI

    +~e. Dfto 0;1de k-Q'ends 0l1.. r


    ~cle +~mperAl1At'f2 {nor fhe..

    P(l.06tcM 9. \8 (CoV\f'd)

    p'r"es~l.t~ ~+lO) rpJ T~ .follow\~1 ~ ro..ph


    ~e "\1cfe.s -HAr#ter:
    A-4-k\~so~

    <!.o..Y1.

    be tts-eA

    -k> C-Ot\1peo-~

    "'dele

    r p=2.s
    V"p::'

    2.0

    fr ~ 1.5

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    TkcAs) at a.~ co MpY'eSS lbt'\.

    .........- - - - t - - - - f - -

    10

    J5

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    +"'" 'A--\-lG\V\

    e~'(:ic.ieV\c,~_ ...."'Q.~ ~e (.Or:('eS:fond\~

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    e.c+lc"eV\~ l~ c..re.~ecs os W(l.\\.
    l"'a,;tio r f

    .2'0

    co ~p,,~'s.jofl ....(.\+io

    2.5

    ~y

    So ~c. ~de

    h 45

    (X

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    evtdu.Jed a:r 300 K .

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    ff..te ~e.r beU>t"1es

    ( 5'135 1c.J"{Jc,)
    Y\'\ep ':CO.S4S3
    :: J 04'i

    jI03~'V\I\II \ kfo...

    ",,~/rc,)(l- z:Io).

    1 k::r

    103tJ{m"Z.

    Ic.P~ .....
    At - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I - .

    IT Code
    p1 = 200 II kPa
    T1 = 380 11K
    023 I m = 900 II kJ/kg
    m = 1 II Assume a unit mass of 1 kg.
    p3 = p2
    v4 = v1
    r= 20
    v1 = v_TP("Air",T1, p1)
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    u1 = u_T("Air", T1)
    r = v1 I v2
    v2 = v_TP("Air",T2, p2)
    s2 = s_TP ("Air", T2, p2)
    s2 = s1
    023 = m * (h3 - h2)
    h2 = h_T("Air", T2)
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3, p3)
    v3 = v_TP("Air",T3, p3)
    u3 = u_T("Air", T3)
    v4 = v_TP("Air",T4, p4)
    s4 = s_TP("Air", T4, p4)
    s4 = s3
    u4 = u_T("Air", T4)

    rc=v3/v2
    Wcycle I m = 023 I m - (u4 - u1)
    eta = Wcycle I 023
    mep = Wcycle I (m * v1 * (1 - 1 I r)

    IT Results for r = 20
    U1 = 271.5 kJ/kg
    T 2 = 1135 K
    P2 = 11950 kPa
    h2 = 1201 kJ/kg
    h3 = 2101 kJ/kg
    T 3= 1881 K
    T 4 = 844.1 K
    P4 = 444.3 kPa
    U4 = 628 kJ/kg
    r, = 1.657
    Wcyc1elm = 543.5 kJ/kg
    11 = 0.6039
    mep = 1049 kPa

    '1-39

    rP.08U::AM q. 2.'3 (Yntf'c(, - PCAje. 3)


    PL.DTS '.
    2000

    2.5

    1800
    1600

    1400
    ~

    f-'"

    1200
    1000

    1.5
    .::

    800
    600
    400

    0.5

    200
    0

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    11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25

    11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25

    11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25

    600

    0.7

    500

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    ~ 400
    .......
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    E 300
    .......

    l="

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    100

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    'Dis w.SS I ~

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    of- f\..t ~ \\Ac.V'~~s WL~ \"".

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    Q-40

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    Sto.ie. (: T,:. 5 '2o o R =t> 1...<., -:. 88." 2 8hlltb V"r-, -:. ISS. 58

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    ave dOf-allA.e&

    l.lSI ~

    IT, as

    follows

    IT Code
    v1 = V1 1m
    023 = m * (h3 - h2)
    041 = m * (u1 - u4)
    Wcycle = 023 + Q41
    eta = Wcycle I Q23
    mep = Wcycle I m) I (v1 * (1 - 11 r) * (778 I 144)

    p1 = 14.2 IIlb/in. 2
    T1 = 520 II oR
    V1 = 0.5 IlfP
    p3 = p2
    v4 = v1
    r = 16
    rc = 2.5

    IT Results for r = 16 and rc = 2


    v1 = v_TP("Air",T1, p1)
    s1 = s_TP("Air T1, p1)
    u1 = u_T( t1Air T1)
    r = v1 I v2
    v2 = v_TP("Air",T2, p2)
    s2 = s_TP(t1Air", T2, p2)
    s2 = s1
    h2 = h_T("Air", T2)
    rc T3 IT2
    h3 = h_T( t1Air", T3)
    s3 = s_TP(t1Air", T3, p3)
    rc=v3/v2
    v4 = v_TP("Air",T4, p4)
    s4 = s_TP("Air", T4, p4)
    s4 = s3
    u4 = u_T( t1Air", T4)
    tl

    tl

    T 2 = 1502 OR
    T4 = 1528 oR
    h2 = 369.6 Btu/lb
    h3 = 790.8 Btu/lb
    P2 = 656.3 Ibf/in.2
    P4 = 41.73Ibf/in. 2
    U1 = 88.73 Btu/lb
    U4 = 271.7 Btu/lb
    m = 0.03687 Ib
    041 = -6.747 Btu
    Wcycle = 8.783 Btu
    023 = 15.53 Btu
    T 3 = 3004 oR
    11 = 0.5655
    mep = 101.2 Ibf/in.2

    rLOTS:
    4000

    25

    rc = 2.5

    3500
    rc = 2.5

    20

    2500

    S' 15

    rn

    r, =2.0

    a'"

    rc

    3000

    rc

    =1.5

    n::: 2000
    0

    '"
    I-

    10

    =2.0

    1500
    1000

    rc = 1.5

    500

    9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

    9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

    0.7 . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    0.6
    0.5
    0.4

    0.3
    0.2
    0.1

    9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

    160 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    rc = 2.5
    140
    120
    .~
    ;;:::
    .c

    rc = 2.0

    100
    80

    Q.
    Q)

    ------rc = 1.5

    E 60

    40
    20
    5

    9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

    Dise.u$SI~

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    rOlA/I\doff
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    Q-4(p

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    Op-et'D.~"'4j dA.+~ a.re proll,'ded for an

    IC.NO""""':

    ~",,"~e

    W\ocleled

    (lJ

    D4'H",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,C. +"-

    (:.11\.Ji):

    I..VO~I""

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    Dierel cycle.

    o.ir-sfr,.",c:L...".al

    0.",

    per ('rc'~ t"'--

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    de

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    Q ....

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    SC*t.I"'ATIC 2GtV~AJ 'D~7~:
    cydos/",-"'vt
    oS

    1'500
    1-

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    Vi. trr'l, :. 2.. If

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    co"""f"Vs-r i' ~ t'"A h' 0 ..0 ob~ ....cl A\ follow':

    Ae.,:)Ac..Y.SlS:

    PI :. q nc: Po...
    Ii ~ 300 I<

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    N ~+ J clo-+.....

    D.r~

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    ..... ,c....

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    Vi
    s-\ot:b '-I: Pot" fi- i s~ ... hI"" eA<.{JA'" 'I'

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    PJ~+(().}

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    ANA:{,'/SIS.

    s.4aJ.e. 2. ~

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    V'r'1.=

    (~)1rr, ::(r's)(S72..o)

    .IV\le-V'pD\ovh",~ \V\ Table A- 2.2 j h

    l..::

    =38.153

    8&fb. t5(, k ~/1c.~ J T2, = Bl97.'1 1<

    :nte:fe 3: Fa r ~a.cL.t vet{ue e-P cut off ra: I-i 0 J


    ceu') fo-e dererm ;I'\~ fro..., 7 3 = (V3/Vz.) T'2,..

    73 ::.

    130~ 5 ~ ;

    h3

    :::.

    v.J tv-&..; +I.te VA {(,,(.~ of f 3

    :j:'V\

    +"'-is

    CA~e

    I'at:t7.1 lc;JI~) tr,.3:: 1,1.2'35

    Trrt4~

    SWe't: No~e fh~ -for ~ i~el4tropie. e2r.pa.nsi~


    "1rr 'i

    ~s
    (11)

    (G)

    TV.e.

    Vt'4

    1::

    l~) tTy 3

    = 112.3 5 ~

    = (~2,' ~3) tJt-3 ::. ir Fe.) 11"r3


    T..,. = 5' e'.lo f( ) LL1t=4 2.'1. 5Lf kS /k.,

    pressu,('~ at

    -\'\vl. e~ ~ -\"\u. e'ipCl\.V\~l~ is


    'P'{ =- ~T4 ) p, ': l Se:t. 2 k. r~ ~
    T(

    TWz. ~+ wcnrk. ?er \AMt

    W~

    -::

    'rt\.A...'

    :.

    of o..(;r is

    (~~_"'~)

    -(lA.&f- U , )

    tel) T~e. ~e.,,~\ e~Lc.I~~ i~


    'V\ -::

    '\.

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    5
    (Sell ,/ )
    Q. {
    ::. D. ~t.t
    1,4-~o
    ~~ h'\

    Pt

    =- ;}.Q7.5 k..:r/~. ""~e-le/~

    IT Code
    p1 = 100 II kPa
    T1=310//K
    r = v1 I v2
    r=15
    rc=v3/v2
    rc 1.5
    m = 1 II Assume a unit mass of 1 kg.

    023 = m * (h3 - h2)


    041 = m * (u1 - u4)
    Wcycle = 023 + 041
    eta = Wcycle I 023

    u1 = u_T("Air", T1)
    v1 = v_TPC'Air",T1, p1)
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    v2 = v_TPC'Air",T2, p2)
    s2 = s_TP("Air", T2, p2)
    s2 = s1
    h2 = h_T("Air", T2)
    v3 = v:TPC'Air",T3, p3)
    p3 = p2
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3, p3)
    v4 = v_TPC'Air",T4, p4)
    s4 = s_TP("Air", T4, p4)
    s4 = s3
    v4 = v1
    u4 = u_T("Air", T4)

    IT Results for rc = 1.5


    h2 = 896.6 kJ/kg
    P2 = 4199 kPa
    h3 = 1397 kJ/kg
    T 4 = 586.3 K
    023/m = 500.4 kJ/kg
    041/m = -203.1 kJ/kg
    T 3 = 1302 K
    P4 = 189.1 kPa
    Wcyc1elm = 297.3 kJ/kg
    11 = 0.5941

    PLOTS~

    --r----------------.

    450
    2000

    400
    350

    1600

    300
    Q'

    ro

    1200

    a,

    250

    ...

    200

    a.

    800

    150
    100

    400

    50
    0-r--,-----,--~_r__r-,__,_____r__,----J

    O-t--,-..,....-----,--...-----,---r--..,---.-----.J
    1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

    1.51.6 1.7 1.8 1.9

    2.12.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

    900
    800

    ----

    0.5

    700
    OJ

    -~

    0.4

    600

    """)

    500

    E
    -.,

    400

    300

    0.3 -

    /////
    0.2 -

    200

    0.1 -

    100
    0

    0
    1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9

    2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

    1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9

    2
    rc

    '1-'M

    -1

    I"

    2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

    An Q,\Y"- S+a.Y\M~ Dtese] ~c\e n(AS 0... k-MWv\ M~\-M\AW\


    te~o:~e. ~ "- SftLc.lH~ . S~ ~t ~ b~I'IA~'''~\I\j l't

    KNOWN:

    ~(eSSIO'l'..

    t'\I\A.~S o~ G\lJr l~

    Tkt2.

    \VfN\ .

    1).e-\erm\~e.for Va.V'lO\AS ~'fe~s\o~ yo..1-\o.s (o.j -tk k,Q." wo~


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    3~"800'"

    \'

    ~
    m= \")..9
    45~VMPnotvS ~

    IS

    :5

    ~IIf

    See s..XA.vwp'~ q.)..

    Pc =Cf S k. PA,
    7j ::.30oK

    '\J""

    MJkl.'lS\~ ~ ~si.d~ ~r.st ~ $4!M>le CA.\e.cAl~~ l.\S;~ d.~ ~ i(Abl~ A-2.2. {-of'
    --kt.e CD.~t 0+ '(' ': V,/V2.: '5. Fv-oYh TCi'JDle A 2.Z txt T, ':300K.)t.I,::'114.01 1c;~1~,1I'",::'21.2..
    Also, At 7, ': 1800K j k 3 ~ 2.00,3.3 k.:J' t~ ) "\rr,5: 3 .GJ.,4. F'Or '{" &15

    'V'(' 2.::

    ("2/ v. ) lry \

    -:

    (r) (, 2.1. 2 = 4l.413

    :r~po\(A.+\~~ 'l\l\ T~\e A-'2.1-'> ~ '2.: 8hQ.b3 kJ"/k~J>

    '2. =843.2 l:::. ~()t.u) -fey

    V) ~~: '10

    "~4:: Lv:

    \(\: "tD
    (~)( ~:) <, ~ t;'2.)(~~} '\fY 1 :

    'lrr3:

    ~pok.+l~j l~ Td1\'2 A-"2."2-)

    \.t~

    ~ ~ v..>o'(k.. ;S c.eJ.c.u,AcJe.J

    (C'A)

    1\NJ..D
    W~::
    1 -

    'w\

    ::(\ "Z.

    ::.

    p,,"o(.ess 3-i

    (
    (15)

    ~1i~~ )(3.~14) = 2.11/3

    131.~~ kJ" IICj .

    1Y'O'M

    W~ -:. G~) ~ Q~= G"1.l Q3f

    L(~3-lt\..) + (l,{,-V.4 \1

    I\kL;;\ [

    ~) ~

    Wc.ljc.le

    bJ

    (2003.3 _ 8b'l." '3) + (t.\4. 01-13\.'iC\)] ~ -= 1.38'\ lc.T Ai (":IS)

    lb) fu ~'t'\'\~\ e.c-.t.tc.l -e",'1 lS

    "L::

    W~ ~ \J~
    'Ml'-')-\"'.".)

    Q\..>
    (..c.)

    To ~.e.+ ~ V'A("C\,~ e~~t.c.h


    V _
    \-

    W\

    ~~

    W~t~
    V\-V....

    ve.

    : 0.543
    (\2.)c'l'O-3)('2.4)o~.~ - 8(,<1.103)
    ,
    1.38Q

    ~V"es su Y")

    hrst

    (\2.~'\ (~:~~ ~~ ') (30oK)


    (q 5 "Po..

    T\

    VV\~~

    -:.

    :.

    V~(l-I/'()

    ~.Oe8 ~I01-W\)

    )(\-

    I) O)~W\
    1/,5)

    kS
    l'i

    ro J

    W~

    1.'3 8'1 ~'r

    c,lete'(~\V\e.. V\

    \ ~T
    'I-50

    1~ PA

    lo'3rJl1.
    lY\

    (S4.30/~
    V\..
    (f':l '5)

    N '" _ I o88 "' '2. 3


    v
    \k.:r - ,
    ,,(O~

    \03

    TYl~ a.cd~

    -fer- -/i.1e..

    y~u~ed ~'t>k

    ((\"e

    C>~lMeJ t.(.SI ~j tr, as fc>tlows ~

    IT Code
    023 = m * (h3 - h2)
    041 =m*(u1-u4)
    Wcycle = 023 + 041
    eta = Wcycle I (m * (h3 - h2
    V1 = v1 * m
    mep = Wcycle I (V1 * (1 - 1 I r II kPa

    p1 = 95 II kPa
    T1 = 300 /I K
    T3 = 1800 II K
    r = 15
    m = 12E-03 /I kg
    u1 = u_T("Air", T1)
    v1 = v_TP("Air",T1, p1)
    51 = 5_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    r = v11 v2
    v2 = v_TP("Air",T2, p2)
    52 = 5_TP("Air", T2, p2)
    52 = 51
    h2 = h_T("Air", T2)
    p3 = p2
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    v3 = v_TP("Air",T3, p3)
    53 = 5_TP("Air", T3, p3)
    v4 = v_TP("Air",T4,p4)
    54 = 5_TP("Air", T4, p4)
    54 = 53
    v4 = v1
    u4 = u_T("Air", T4)

    IT Results for r = 15
    T 2 = 843.4 K
    P2 = 4006 kPa
    h2 = 869.4 kJ/kg
    T 3 = 1800 K
    h3 = 2002 kJ/kg
    T 4 = 967.2 K
    P4 = 306.3 kPa
    0 23 = 13.59 kJ
    041 = -6.202 kJ
    Wcycle = 7.384 kJ
    11 = 0.5435
    mep = 727.4 kPa

    'PLOTS '.
    7.5 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    -,

    7
    0.4 -

    ..l<:
    ~

    "

    -0

    0.7 . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . ,

    0.3
    6.5

    0.2
    0.1

    o
    15 16

    17

    18

    19 20

    21

    22

    23

    24

    25

    750 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    700

    m
    650
    a..
    ..l<:

    0-

    600
    550

    15

    16

    17

    18

    19 20 21

    22

    23

    24

    25

    yo

    'I-S{

    15 16

    17

    18

    19 20

    21

    22

    23

    24

    25

    K"'OI.uN~
    Ope('o..n~ c:L~ o.'e.. 'Pt'o","dec:i -for a.~ ,,(r-sfal'\d,ovd L>ier.. L c'Icte..
    ~:
    Pe~""""';~ '4) t~ ~AU
    t:>.'0 (,,4.) -tNt ~t IIwdd...f,'O"1 ~'"
    he... ~ (~'iG>,hcM p~" ''teA.. J (Co) +~ ........... v.Ja...-k;
    (4...,,~ -r'-- +""'e."INf~ ~fft'U"""'7'

    0+

    $Ct-\-IM""tC.

    AS~\)MP7/",,",S~

    Ii. E:>WEN Df\TA=

    s. ~
    z,

    13: t~~o K
    V\

    A~A'-'T

    I V'Z,. :. IS

    'tC a ~ e 1 L.
    Th.&

    S IS:

    _U

    W\

    c.o

    P,V, _ (tt'"/..lo'JN/~"')(O.OlloINt1)

    1M:.

    ~Tl

    -( "'"

    ~".'t l'

    &.:.!!:.")( ~e,o K)

    ",. i'.

    ::. r. 84b ~/O-a..~


    N~+

    f,'l(' E'l>ck

    1-tt- r-r;"'~....-l

    U I ':. "ZO".~I t:-~/t:"J Vr,: ~1't.I.

    vn:

    h3::

    13~."

    \Tq

    3h.-k I: At"T.:'2.10~J'"T...('leA-z.z..i'Vu

    a+A.i-~,f:

    S~1.:

    fot'

    .f1- i s~ ... \w,,'C UJ)...,.....,ule-...,

    t ~s=-')~ 4-S'C)l3 --1i..: '618.6K) h2,=


    F-J/t-)J 'In:..
    V

    VN-=-'Yi.vr3
    ~

    d-

    ti

    'itt2.'i

    S~3:

    n.ssr . s+.J:.,.'t: Tbr-t""-ai.J."'tnIp ..c ,


    '

    = &)/V"L)'1t'3 -::.

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    't:.'!3:. ~ ..'"~t.
    T3

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    GO

    u,.;h-. TJ ::ll.t:;Dt::./

    e../JMIS'(M.

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    -:.C!~)(iJi.4 )(II.m)= IO~.q~
    Xli J ~ (1
    l1.~O
    re

    """,

    t')

    T&.- ~;. Q.~~k"""...o


    Ghl ':. "-(
    t.,z.) = Ct. 8~)l/o~)(nt\l.Il- ,'n.,,): IOIC.J' ~3
    T..... t...a...k ~ ~+t"",';' ~4' -:. ~(U 4f- -\.4 1 ) -:. 6. 94'}ltci'~(""2t.I'l. - 'l.04.1') =- 4.b94f-1:'O
    .. ~4'

    "':1 -

    Fb,-

    o, ...y

    Cl'c.(~

    '-"("'fcC e

    =-

    &<:'11<... TL.......o..o

    W C'1 c.U. -_ Cl21.1 - <.b 4 1 :.

    t 0 Ii=-"J - <I- .08 f-I::f = S"...

    1-52.

    ~ f,,~ 0/,,)

    'e. re:::r

    ...041----------

    fol{" Gtll\ o.l('-~fo.~JC4.vd 'J),'esel eA.Jv/e ~ -rite s+,,:te Af i-ke htZ~'HI1 i~~ of CO~tSS'D~
    Sev t..>/"&4. ( va.l u.es ..fov- Hu Y\'\.~)( 1 W\ (A. vt-\ e.y cleo ..fe,~~('~ J<-c,. (~ A r~ "ytDt,uY't,
    ~-..
    'Plo+ t~ V\~~ woV'1e. fer 1At\;+ vYlCc.SS J the. W\ etUI et:tec..hve.. p 'fessl.(V't!.) a t\4
    -the t1Ae('Ma.1 e~l ci (,lI\ Uj I eo-ck ve.rsU.S CDMp ~siO'IA ra.t;o ra. h!J j"" .f.rofVI
    +c 20,

    KNowN:
    0. \'\ c(

    .s

    SCH.MA-T1C. , GrIVeU l>A-rA:

    '3 =12.00, ISC!)O, t 800) 2.100 K


    2.~---4t

    4,

    p,:: I b4H"
    T; = 3001<

    '----------<1,j

    ANAl..\{~'S: Tl,e .folLow'II\' ve.ecSOY1J1f\j ;$ LtS~J -lo .solVE +he. pro~/~M "
    t. ,iv~ v~Lu.~ ~
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    Z. F,'x s+aJe 2. (.(s;~
    ~u relA.~s CMV1 SCT, ..r.: .::S(TlJPz.). whe.vt

    r.

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    ,"&-1

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    /1J"y'&, =:.

    -v; /'If.,. ,

    lA.""",

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    ~, f 1)<. +~e s-l*e. a. 4 a.s 11-\ 5 fer 2 ~ S (13 J P3) ~ S (T.. ) P.,)j 0'(' '\T""'4/'1.r", ::

    e.

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    ~:.

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    Q., = "" (( "3 -k ..\+- ("', -u..\]

    r,

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    W"'1c\~ I WI
    '\r, (1- '/r)

    (s)

    W'1c,\./w..

    (4)

    G. 7..) I YV\

    {w.J.~ ,/r-('-::'-I-S-)-T-3-:- ''L-O-O-'<-{'FV'om Tfl. ~Je A- 1..2 tV#- T,;:. 300/<.


    ~;2.1 i 0, kr/l'j ,Vf., :. (p '2.1.'2. , T~ V""
    (Va/v..> 11''(', :: ('/r) '\J"t\ ~ 41.413

    s AA1k

    CfI.

    ~,
    2.::'
    .r~~foto.k.v1j ;'" To1k 4-22.. j T"Z- =843. '2. " I l-t'l.::
    ~.1:' 1'211., 'i 1<.:1" I~ ' 'IT''r 3 = /1'.1'1'0. FI.W"~

    ~.. ::. (\("/'\1"3 ') -v;..~


    ~) T1':'
    NOW,

    52.2.( 1<
    ~ (. \) -(4)

    'v\ ':,

    ':.

    k'J'/kj.

    lJow .. cl.-t

    ::. (-'V ~/-tr"") ( -s &./'\Jj) '\Jr3 ::. (~{'V"~ ) (TZ./T3) '\Jr. ::


    '\1.4-::'

    T3~

    I2.00K;

    I S2. 514

    375."" k'J'/~ '

    CR2.>JW\"= (l",",', - 8b~,"3'::

    W ~cl-e.

    n~o.l~

    &9,(,,3

    .qoS.2. "S'/~

    (~oa.2) +(2..l4. o1 - 17~.Cf") :: 204". 3

    1,,:..~1l~

    tA\,.3/4l\08,'l. :: D,ho 34- (foo.34{0)

    ( 9.3'4 "J \
    ~ :,}~"t.:1. ~.I<.J
    (, \#toW")

    (600I L )

    kJ~Y"

    II

    lOiN .

    loSr-iI"M"2.

    W\e _
    (~4".31c:J'l~)
    fl-(o.~b\ \'V\3/l~) (t- V'S)

    IkT

    II03fJ'~1
    \\CoT

    'Mj :

    \kJe-W"

    loS'tJl'M2.

    O.e,~l

    J/~

    'M

    -:.~.O"SJl)Gl-r

    .r.

    PRDBc..c}1 '.31 (CfIYI,l'd.)


    The c{ct.~ -toLl' flA4!. ('elf>v...W~

    riots C( re

    olokA'",e,J t(SI~9

    IT Code

    1T) 4S

    foltloL.Os.',

    023 = m * (h3 - h2)


    041 = m * (u1 - u4)
    Wcycle = 023 + 041
    mep = (Wcycle I m) I (v1 * (1 - 1 I r) I 100
    eta = Wcycle I 023

    p1 = 1 II bar
    T1 = 300 II K
    T3 = 1200 11K
    r=15
    m = 1 II Asume a unit mass of 1 kg.
    v1 = v_TP\,Air",T1, p1)
    51 = 5_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    r = v1 I v2
    v2 = v_TP\,Air",T2, p2)
    52 = 5_TP("Air", T2, p2)
    52 = 51
    v3 Iv2 = T3 I T2
    v3 = v_TP("Air",T3, p3)
    53 = 5_TP("Air", T3, p3)
    v4 = v_TP("Air",T4, p4)
    v4 = v1
    54 = 5_TP("Air", T4, p4)
    54 = 53
    u1 = u_T("Air", T1)
    h2 = h_T("Air", T2)
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    u4 = u_T("Air", T4)

    IT Results for r = 15 and T3 = 1200 K


    T 2 = 843.4 K
    P2 = 42.17 bar
    h2 = 869.4 kJ/kg
    h3 = 1277 kJ/kg
    T 4 = 521.9 K
    p4 = 1.74 bar
    02}m = 407.7 kJ/kg
    0 41/m = -161.7 kJ/kg
    Wcyc,elm = 245.9 kJ/kg
    mep = 3.06 bar
    11 = 0.6033

    PLOTS "
    800

    =r----------:----=::=;:=k==i=F1

    10 I------:-==:;~==.==F=F"'~

    700
    8

    600

    if 500
    ~
    ~

    ....

    l
    .0

    400

    a.

    ~ 300

    Q)

    200

    T3= 1200 K
    = 1500 K
    ------- T3 = 1800 K
    -.-- T3 = 2100 K

    --+---- T3

    5
    0.7 - - , . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    0.6
    0.5
    0.4

    0.3
    0.2
    ~

    0.1

    T3= 1200 K

    --+---- T3 = 1500 K

    ------- T3 = 1800 K
    -.\;-- T3 = 2100 K
    5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

    10

    15

    20

    OpE't"~h~ ded...,... cU'~ ptov,cia.-l it a~ Q,r-stA.... ckrcL cLoa..Jl c7c..Le.


    P.c4-e" .......~f'(.) 1""-' -k'-"C4'AftA.I~,f C1f""~ -e",d of ~(.c-... &.-.tcr-* ~ck"-hCJ\-o'\.
    ~('~I C.~) -tJ...A.. 1I\f'+ l..U .... 1C. p.... v~ ~q' I r c ) ~ +t.... ..""-,.....t ~ff,(Jf/l\~
    ~) .f ~ .-.u.", .c f~ c. h' lie p"""U ~ i e .
    .I

    iCIUOWI'L:
    F/~f).

    S'cttt''''''lrl'l ( &~( III"; CA-rA:

    AS S'U M.p-rl () ~ S:
    a

    AN~t..:rSI

    S: US''''~ 7~"'['~,Ar-'2..J
    O~~'''' r~ ....+Ooll .. + +'-- f"'IIIC.If~

    s-hr..teS:

    "'1i =100'7 u,= 2.1'1.071 Vrl=

    ~-tu:t:a".

    s-\u.taZ.

    v
    CS~1: fi,~

    :r,
    f'-oc.uS 2 -:r

    1~1'f.,(~ fC3/~ ...,

    ~-\a.t.. '-I :

    ~ T1-::.

    tc )

    Ii:...

    (l)l.'3:' """ I ul - t.f

    I~O'.YK} ~J:' I

    2.) ~

    Vtl.

    T1,.= :,.02..1u3::'

    VI"Cf

    Y\ --

    e I ~/""'"

    ~c..:t.:1M

    l+oO

    a ,,,,,,ff>

    -:-

    SI<t.fl.11:-:J!t;j

    41. '= 700

    +fI'I'ftt=
    " ' - 73

    t-

    17 - ioo + H.'*'1." -:. "Z.J'I1-!" ,:;]1",


    !l-

    4--

    7' 'i. 1-=1-

    .:

    l\J.) c...,Cl~/ .... )


    v'l..

    -t!

    ~o\/"""'-

    V'~ -

    ~.,.
    .:

    = ".otl.

    "I l4z.=

    ')..1/. (/ q) -:

    -n.- -f1,..A.,..-..t iC' e.\ fl ~ e..,


    '-'" C 'f

    <b~

    c.\l-r. If I f:':JItr; .

    Fb~.,......u ~~ l-~ J ~~'l. -.:. """ (~" - "'3) . , h'4:'"


    2C'7(.. ') IC I

    "Fi>r+~ fS'e'",tn:>p"c c.OIMI'~SSIO'"

    ~ V,,:. ~
    VI
    l\

    e,

    ,"~/.2.

    l4

    UJ C"f c..t../ """


    \T,

    (I - ,,~U;)

    o.S"11

    (n.J u,.{,)

    74-

    PR OBLe.-M.. 'L 33

    ThedaJ-t>..

    f<>.{' tfAe.

    r:~lu.~y.e.d plo~ a;r~ o"ltc.ti-te.J U.sl~<j 171 CtS .f.otlows. See p,..ob. ".32 fer

    Set v-<fle. c a LCAA.let t~ 5.


    ITCode

    54 = s_TP("Air", T4, p4)


    v5 = v1
    v5 = v_TP("Air",T5, p5)
    55 = 5_TP("Air", T5, p5)
    55 = 54
    uS = u_T("Air", T5)

    p1 = 100 II kPa
    T1 = 300 11K
    v1 I v2 = 9
    023 + 034 = 1400 II kJ/kg
    023 I (023 + 034) = ratio
    ratio = .5
    m = 1 II Assume a unit mass of
    1 kg.

    Wcycle I m = 023 + 034 - (uS - u1)


    eta = Wcycle I (023 + 034)
    mep = (Wcycle I m) I (v1 - v2)

    u1 = u_T("Air", T1)
    v1 = v_TPC'Air",T1, p1)
    51 = 5_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    v2 = v_TPC'Air",T2, p2)
    52 = 5_TP("Air", T2, p2)
    52 = 51
    023 = m * (u3 - u2)
    u2 = u_T("Air", T2)
    u3 = u_T("Air", T3)
    034 = m * (h4 - h3)
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    h4 = h_T("Air", T4)
    p3 I p2 = T3 I T2
    p4 = p3
    v4 = v_TP("Air",T4, p4)

    IT Results for 023lm = 034Lm = 700 kJ/kg


    T 2 = 702.8 K
    P2 = 2108 kPa
    P3 = 4534 kPa
    h3 = 1648 kJ/kg
    h4 = 2348 kJ/kg
    T s=1161K
    Ps = 387 kPa
    T 3=1511K
    T 4=2078K
    Wcyc1elm = 715.6 kJ/kg
    11 = 0.5112
    mep = 935.1 kPa

    PLOTS~

    800 .--------------~

    2500 - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    700
    2000
    ~

    -Ee
    -

    ______________

    600-~

    1500

    OJ

    1000

    OJ

    400 300 ~
    200

    500

    100 -

    0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

    heat addition ratio

    0.6 - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    1000

    900
    800

    ro
    a,
    !=""

    0.3

    ::.:.

    600

    c.

    500

    OJ

    0.2

    700

    400 300 200 -

    0.1

    100 -

    heat addition ratio

    0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

    0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9


    heat addition ratio

    Th~ IT

    IT Code

    034 = m * cp * (T4 - T3)


    v4 = v_TP("Air",T4, p4)
    v5 = v1
    T5 I T4 = (v4 I v5)"(k - 1)

    p1 = 100 II kPa
    T1 = 300 11K
    v1 I v2 = 9
    023 + 034 = 1400 II kJ/kg
    023 I (023 + 034) = ratio
    ratio = .5
    m = 1 II Assume a unit mass of 1 kg.
    cp = cp_T("Air", T1)
    cv = cv_T("Air", T1)
    k=cp/cv

    Wcycle I m = 023 + 034 - m *cv * (T5 - T1)


    eta = Wcycle I (023 + 034)
    mep = (Wcycle I m) I (v1 - v2)

    IT Results for 023Lm = 03Jm = 700 kJ/kg


    cp = 1.004 kJ/kgK
    c, = 0.7172 kJ/kg'K
    k = 1.4
    T 3= 1699 K
    T 4= 2396 K
    WcYC1e!m = 796.7 kJ/kg
    11 = 0.5691
    mep = 1041 kPa

    v1 = v_TP("Air",T1, p1)
    T2 I T1 = (v1 I V2)A(k - 1)
    v2 = v_TP("Air",T2, p2)
    v3=v2
    023 = m * cv * (T3 - T2)
    v3 = v:TP ("Air",T3, p3)
    p4 = p3

    rLoOTS:
    3000
    2S00
    Q" 2000

    T4

    ...
    ...co

    C)

    :::J

    1S00

    C)

    T3

    0..

    1000
    E
    C)
    SOo

    0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 O.S 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

    heat addition ratio

    o.s-v---0.6

    I--------==========~

    0.4 ~

    0.3-

    0.2 0.1 -

    heat addition ratio

    ~35

    PR08veM

    KNOWN:

    f LN P ~

    Altl e)t:pr~ssioY\

    BW.e1ll for +he. ~errnO(.I e~lc.ie~c.Cj of o; cole( a.~r


    shtnaarcL d.(AO,l Ctj de I"" terrvls ef COMrr-ess i01l\ rn.fto) r" e-u.foff
    raft 0) rc:. ) ~k.e;{ p("esstL~ raJio.ft>.,. fke c.or\mlf\t 11'VL"'1tl~ heAt
    ~d.L t j ern,.,J r p .
    .De V'lVL -the e lC p(""es:s to)'\, .
    loS

    ":a . Also, +l.1e spe.c.ific. heats

    ASSUMPIlON$: See EXC4.Mpl-e


    MJAL,\/SIS:

    Be,in w,flA.

    "1 =

    I_

    ~. '1.1'f

    tr, -t: )

    Coer

    l.1T (T3-T'Z.)

    +h~t

    U)~-k4""t.

    re

    ( US" -u. )
    (U 3 - U z.) +- ( k If - fA,) )

    :. I -

    Note

    yo :: 11; 11.1'"1,

    T =
    ,

    (~)

    T c.p (T..,- T3 )

    rC. ': 1Ji, /tJi ,


    ~"l

    ('t1JjTz.)

    (1S-~

    =1-

    2.

    C4 a.u:;(

    rp :: ~ I p~ . T..~refo..-e

    :. T z..
    r

    &e-f

    T3 :(~)T:z.. = r p T"2Tit

    ={::13 )T

    rC. 7 3

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    Us 't

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    ~
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    ::

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    t"'p(rc.- l )

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    4!4!--------~~

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    p

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    $:

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    S.ee

    A "'-JA-t.."r' &IS '. U


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    ~ta.i-es,
    s~ I ~

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    1/1"7. ':.

    ~~1\ Fz:.1"-t1- a-s+...t\.+ ~

    U,

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    =;l,11.(.O'

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    ......")

    U't..':<O"l3:~S" kr-/~

    T ~ '::~fo2. ({ k

    k.....b .. ~.+a'~) T3=~/Pl.)Tz.~ (~q1.3 K,

    U3 ':

    ~.

    T4'= V'4- T3

    "V.3

    ~ (l.tS)(lm.3)-::'2.I~;4K.

    h'l=2tfgO.Co ':0/1=1) V-r'/-'= 'J..0101

    S~\: Ftw- ","'-

    (4)

    te:'J

    ~ V(L = ~ ':. ~<g.~'Z.S"

    1'5"&0,0 F-u/~) hI '= ~lJ..t4.0 '" i1/~,


    ~~ 4: nr ~ CAJ\.w~ ~
    ~ ~d~'-h'~J
    I
    ...

    1 ~ rrJ...,~'r-t

    'i = ~oo

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    ~fC\~tM. V'~: 'Vi Va


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    ':. (l"!>,'f ('~ )( 1.0101) '::. 28, (~H 0

    lA.

    z.

    = ((o)U.ts}-:'('$,QI3

    "V'4-

    s: =- 'TZ, I ."'L

    "r I~ s

    -el'\er~ f9-,O"'..... -Q

    ().04"~ (l~go.o - <Of.(~,1S-Y'~s =- 31.c.cllt.Y~s


    ~1" =~ (h '1_ ~,) ':. O.Ol{ lc..~ (2.t{g (M,D -.ll tl{.()) l~~ -= t t{. "l.<D '%j

    Ci12.3

    tID)

    FW-

    ~ ~(tt3

    A-,

    c.,et..)

    We-c.l.a ':.

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    ~""'-'"~cA ~ e; ~

    "\'\ -:.

    I_L)

    '1-~~ A.c:liA.b,.",~

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    t
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    ;;ctk.J

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    (e)

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    &\V\
    ""-

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    ~O.'l,..,\ k.:i

    J
    .

    =-OI<.t>O~ (<DO#~%)

    A~ e:t'"r- s~~.,.~ ~ l t.c;jde

    KNoWN'.

    e, \c.W\.O\AN\. c.ov-.pi'e~l"'" ..,~O

    hQ.s

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    heed 6llGltt\M ~ tA.",,+ ~~s CM,...l ftu.. ras~I.(.,\,~ ~;. fu w..A.. ef
    +~ ~s\-o.M.t ""tu.M~ \o.ll.CA.-t wU.a,~ O-\".(It Q,{SO kkJ)\A.M..

    lltf-tV'MI;"'e -tkA. ~~+ w&v'k. ~ ~ h~*. V'-E(edc,'nA J tl.<lck ~r .


    \W>-~s o~ ~lr_ Also, -+"'e. +\\e.YA\eJe", c.lell\~ ~ c.w.+c* r..:tlo.

    l.U.U.t

    Plot ihQt-e ''''41'''J\-h'E-J ve ... ~1.oU COMP-U$S"tN\ f"tlflo.

    et 6r\VEJV
    '-----1

    SCHEMAAIC.

    1200

    llPf(j",~

    C'l'V\/VV\: 800 ~\-(A/l'b

    Ai~

    3....-_""'~ f3=P~-:'

    of

    DMA ..

    V,/'l,

    '=

    is

    ____ I

    ,5

    Ibf-

    P,;: 14.0 ~~
    , T; '= 52001<

    ~--------'\.T

    MJAt.ysls ~ B~\l'\ b'j t~x i~ e~(.~


    S;'o..1e. t : T,

    0" +~ !yr\\I\c.'~t.t\ $\.o.-\e~ ~~ ~ Ujde. (To.~\e."16~ .

    =520 oR. =t>- u., = 8c9.b 2.

    B~l\b ) 't.rr , -:. 15S.58

    si~te. 'Z.: FoV'" +~ \se",,+rcl'\.c. ~~n':oll\, )

    "'1.': \LtCo 8. S o~)

    1\MA.s)

    'U"V-'Io

    7-~... I'J,)

    u.~ ': 2(00, '2,<" I~/llo ) ~

    ""fl -:

    10.3"r'2.. .

    Pr'2. .... 51. 5" \

    <5+o.-\e '3 ~ S \\i\c.~ V3:' V2,. ) T 3 ':, (1"3 ,p-z.) T 2.' To <J Itt r.... ) l)A.JL
    poz, ':. <..Pp;:)p, -:. 5calf. '2.&:> l~-FLI'",: '=t> TJ = ~cH,S.q oR.
    -r~.> u 3 : 511."" 6f1Vlb
    S~c. 'i ~

    'Tkc. i'c*a-l lud

    Q.dcllt\~

    Q~

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    ~ tot 3 .... '180.'7 hhI.J\b

    '"

    Q.~

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    -rtw..o

    (u.~-lA'&o) + (h't- h, )

    "" ... = Q~ _ (~'\ -~-z.) -t-"'-3 -::. 12.(03. 5'," f)~lfb

    ox:

    ~) T~":..t5'1.b DR

    S~aie.s:

    for

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    v\t

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    Now I ~

    (h)

    ()Jy"j.. 'tT r Ll ~O.'2.SL(8


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    V.,.

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    QS\

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    22QQ.2

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    L<S='f31.0

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    u.~ ~S$ t s

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    CtA.)

    .:!! -= q

    Y-z.. '"

    VLf

    :.

    (?~tlb <a

    G.Sl!.,.,.

    1\twl
    4 51.~ fO\u./lb ..

    :. ~'S"1.,,) /(BOO)

    =0,512 (57. 24/0 )~AS----

    is

    =- 'I1'4/'V3 :. T4/T} =. 4Si7.(p/'2-"I(,s.~ -=- 1.5+3 ....


    ~,...---------~

    P(?Of>L5M <1.31

    The. dak fo-r ~e Y'e~ U,lV.eJ 'Plots

    ~re.. olb+o-.~L\e..J l.t5'~

    ITCode

    IT)

    as fe llof,ps, ~

    p4 = p3
    s4 = s_TP("Air", T4, p4)
    v5 = v_TP("Air",T5, p5)
    55 = 5_TP("Air", T5, p5)
    sS = s4
    v5 = v1
    u5 = u_T("Air", T5)

    p1 = 14 //lbf/in.
    T1 = 520 /I OR
    r = v1 / v2
    r=15
    p3 = 1200 //Ibf/in. 2
    Qin / m = 800 /I Btu/lb
    m = 1 /I Assume a unit mass of 1 lb.
    2

    Qout / m = u5 - u1
    Wcycle / m = Qin / m - Qout / m
    eta = Wcycle / Qin
    rc = v4 / v3

    u1 = u_T("Air", T1)
    v1 = v_TPC'Air",T1, p1)
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    v2 = v_TPC'Air",T2, p2)
    s2 = s_TP("Air", T2, p2)
    s2 = s1
    u2 = u_T("Air", T2)
    T3 / T2 = p3 / p2
    u3 = u_T("Air", T3)
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    v3 = v2
    Qin / m = (u3 - u2) + (h4 - h3)
    h4 = h_T("Air", T4)
    v4 = v_TPC'Air",T4, p4)

    IT Results for r = 15
    T 2 = 1469 oR
    T 3 = 2971 OR
    T 4 = 4582 oR
    Ts = 2301 OR
    Wcyc1e!m = 457.9 Btu/lb
    Qout/m = 342.1 Btu/lb
    'll = 0.5724
    rc = 1.542

    f(OT~ ~

    500 - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    ..c

    ~
    E

    ~-----~~~~-___i

    ~ 400 -

    0.6

    ,------:=================j

    Wcycle/m

    300
    c

    0.4 -

    Qout/ m

    :::J

    l="

    Qi

    0.3

    ~ 200

    0.2

    (/)

    ;, 100 OJ
    ....

    0.1

    <l>

    <l>

    o
    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20

    22

    24

    26

    o
    28

    3---r-----------------,

    2.5
    2
    ~

    1.5

    0.5
    0-t-,.--,----,--r-"T"""""1---r--,--,--,........,--,---r---r-r---,----,-t

    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20

    22

    24

    26

    28

    tt-tvl

    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20

    22

    24

    26

    28

    Ope('~n'~j dA.+o.. o.... e, pt"o v 'ded for o.~

    I'N OWN'

    FUf" (;...

    FINe>:

    he...... ,.,cldoc:l )

    (.10)

    cte..

    ~tlMv"", c'lcl~ 1e.....,.,er.. f<,..('~


    8000
    d~iH~"'e (4.) +~
    \..U0W""k:.) c e ) -t'-. ~ ~ a..tt"<.i~
    J (c:i , ~ ~

    -t'- .....1-

    1>

    ~ff<c:.hv-t pusn..u e .(el Plot-tt- 'vatth"h... t

    c'1 Cl.....

    ~4I--l c'1

    ellf'-S""'''''<i.1'd

    "'t~ .... ~-\u ..t

    SC.H-l.MA-rlC 8..~1

    vo."~\I\j ~~

    vt tv bJ"r7A

    '3000

    1'b

    0R

    '" '7

    pAr"+S C4l)-Ccl)

    ~1_Ul.A-

    ve-rrUJ

    ~ooR..

    A SSuMP"TtoNS:

    ~f>e 6~""""Ple

    Ti: .... A~,.."'vlo\ c,,#cle


    "'t~-~-ro.'"

    ....tct.

    A-~

    Cl3

    A\"""rsfs :

    e:

    r.= 1'I.~\bf/i ..

    ' l.

    1\ ": 5"10 R(,Sl>OJ:)

    ,,,,":3 0

    0 0 "-

    b ...",.., 10:;

    f, 'I.;"',

    +c...a t.t~ of

    ~ c.t.... pr"~ c..r.p~

    fh....te

    V\ ~ oS'+t3

    C.UI"'j

    c:l.A.n.

    fw-Dkoo. CAble.,

    A-2..l...f: '

    v
    'S~~ I:

    T, ~

    sbob 2..:

    nr

    'S-kl:A. '3:

    ')Ibtc )

    """I

    '=' 8',-.q I

    -t""-' IH"'hv>\'c. c..oV\o~.uS'"""1


    '1i ':. ''1-7'., oR. I (J~ ':. U t b8 B"""'/ {h

    FbI""

    -\"''''-a

    C'OY'sh....+

    T):.1.Tz...:' '2-CfS2. 'LOt?'" ..:::-,


    ~To. ~ '" :

    S~S:
    V5:

    V4

    w;.f1,.. 7 <I -:. '1 0 oo"~ /

    For" f1-.

    ~ Yi..
    'Vi..

    V 3

    V'"4
    - ~
    /$1'''- f, =P+
    'iN

    Lc'J':.

    Vrt:'

    lfz./Vi)Vt't ~ (If.c.::rtl'')=iO.4'2-(

    u-..-:t .... dc:lth CM " 13/Tt.:: P3/PL, . Tk.04r,

    ST'f.:3'3(}~II&J "'J:" 71(.,.bCJ 1'3+"-1/6.

    ~"+:. reiD. G.8' '{In../ (I),

    5lJ.. '3 -=

    Vz.

    =t. td

    ~-:. ~~JV...)

    V...

    Ito (2.'1$'4,2. )
    ~ooc)

    T+

    V"'I

    '1rf)

    w"-re,

    = (~.T"I J ~
    St)

    Vrso:;.
    \.l~

    7\1

    ""T"'-t ~, of ~ S"'1,,-..W\....;

    m-:.

    II'O(UW\o..I

    iUll'~lc.. ~PA'" $"0""'

    Vi -:.:!i

    (~

    a~/{.h ) vn': ito":1-"!.

    P,'\1i _
    ~ ~

    olo-n...,.,"'IecoJ

    t-rCMo.-

    ~i.~~N.,t 1Iof/ftl)(O''S"f1?) : o.bl8'lB Ib

    (~ Hlbf '\( SIOo~)


    ~8.q'l

    lit 0lt J

    (c..)

    q-{,2

    e. ST~

    = 2.08.7Ct> ~"""'llh

    .ref' ft,vL ('~u..iKt&

    TIAe. &.A.~

    plo\s arC!. O~to..l""eJ

    ltSl'Wj

    IT Code
    p1 = 14.5 II Ibf/in.2
    T1=5101l oR

    v5 v_TP("Air",T5, p5)
    s5 : s_TP ("Air", T5, p5)
    s5-s4
    ~=~

    uS = u T("Air" T5)
    ,

    V1 - 0.5 II ft
    V1 I V2 16
    p3 I p2 2
    T4 = 3000 II "R

    =
    =

    v1 = V1 1m
    Qin = m * (u3 - u2) + m * (h4 - h3)
    Q51 = m * (u1 - uS)
    Wcycle = Qin + Q51
    eta = Wcycle I Qin
    mep = Wcycle I (V1 * (1 - V2I V1 * (778 1144)

    =
    =

    v1 v_TP("Air",T1, p1)
    u1 u_T("Air", T1)
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    v2 = v_TP("Air",T2, p2)
    v1 I v2 = 16
    s2 = s_TP("Air", T2, p2)
    s2 = s1
    u2 = u_T("Air", T2)
    T3 I T2 = p3 I p2
    u3 = u_T("Air", T3)
    h3 h_T(flAir", T3)
    v3 = v2
    h4 = h_T(flAir", T4)
    v4 v_TP("Air",T4, p4)
    p4 p3
    s4 = s_TP("Airfl, T4, p4)

    IT Results for T 4 = 3000

    0R

    T 2 = 1477R
    T 3 = 2954R
    T s = 1196R
    m = 0.03838 Ib
    c, = 12.49 Btu
    Wcycle = 7.837 Btu
    11= 0.6273
    mep 90.33 lbf/in."

    =
    =

    -4>LOTS:
    25

    0.7
    0.6

    20
    S'
    ....

    0.5

    11l

    ....

    15
    0.4

    IJl

    ........>.

    1O

    W cycle

    10

    0.3

    OJ
    ....
    (I)

    (I)

    0.2

    0.1
    0
    3000

    3200

    3400

    3600

    3800

    4000

    0
    3000

    3200

    3400

    3600

    3800

    T4 (OR)

    4000

    T4 (OR)

    180
    160

    ~ ~ M~lMIAV"\ ~cA.t. t.(.V\.'f~e.


    1V\c..V'eA.~~') wto see ~ ~ ~et WO'fk.

    140
    ~

    :f!

    120

    ~ 'Mt-p ~o~

    100

    0..
    (I)

    80
    60

    (Q,CAc;e.. eLf.

    we. .1

    ~c.~.w~ ~e.cr~es ~li~~.

    40
    20
    0
    3000

    \\AC

    l~VlU"')~ ~ ~&.M+lO\l\~050U
    \Af I o..wt. M o: '1e,<;.u.it & ~~

    3200

    3400

    3600

    3800

    4000

    T4 (OR)

    ?-b.3

    w.

    "'tJow~: A'I\ Q.
    s~V\~o.r& d.M.a.A ~c..l~ hA.s ~ Ic.t\o..w~ c..oW\r~,~iolo\ fQ,+io <NWA
    C4 sp~c.'fi(,e( GWt. t:lLt tke.. ~\~V\ i ~ .f U>Nf'f'e~(~ . The fof.o.l ~eo.+ oddltl'oll\
    is ~\"C.",.

    ~~ 1>'0+ fhe ~e+ 1A)C>'lk. yer u.~,,+ ~~ti.s) the MeA'" e~ech'v~ p'le~Su.('<t, a.~ +We
    t\,\e.("MOl\ ef(:,de\l\C1( vexsu.s c.o~(~S.l~ V'~+i.() ro..~ '~.9 .fy~M to 10 2-D fovVaxlOv..es vI..\Me.s o fk. ncli.~ of c.oM~t ""lMr\t~ To -to+cl1 ~eo...t i""\.l."t.

    'I "eN J>.+Th:

    Q)
    I

    SC!#MA-ILC. l
    AsjUMPT!O&S ~

    M"

    AN

    j, ~:

    See

    3"

    .EX~'Mfl-e Q.3.

    The. +0 tl Ow I'I'\~

    ~1"
    M.

    Y"e'iS ov\. ,~~ IS

    use~ .+0 ~olve ~ pro~eM:


    I. G, \le~ Vd(u~ '. r. J 1'; J Y'I M,,~ ~~" / C~'1.,,+ Q)4)'
    2. f ix ~We z, US''''j icl~ ~(H YeltA.~~
    ~ seT,) 'P,) =SCT~)Pc..)' w\.1eM (.(,~rlo\j
    1a.J,I~ A-'2.1 I~ls e.)(r('e~se& ;'" +e'f'M-S' ~
    "\J;., / -v; &. : AJ; /11"'L

    3.
    4.

    Q'l.') :: M (U~-Ul.)

    use..
    h>r

    -l-o

    ~..Q..t

    TJ

    v..~\V\~ eN\~l1

    bGltCAMc.es

    !JIb..
    """J

    <f 2.0

    P, ~ l b4,..
    r;:
    V 3001<.

    L--

    1000

    W\oI\

    10 ~ VI/"~

    '\1)::. tr" 9\ves P3 :: (T3 ITt.. ) r-a..

    ~T4) 'tJ4.
    S C.T1-, f4) ~ SCTS J 'Ps) or '\1;-.,./11'('5 '.:. 1./4.1'\1$

    s~4) lA4-e.. P~-=Pa ~ Gi-t ~ ~(k4\-~~)

    5. ~,x: s~i-e S ~s t"" s-k-p ~ u.s '''''1


    A\ se I V\o\.<. ~ '\J's ::: ~
    l\Jow,

    n.tM.

    Q'4:

    to

    ~ W~ = Q~ => w~

    G.~3 + ~t

    _ (Us-lA.,)

    w\u.'(~ &.ov.:t{~-e, U.s - u,. ~Ci.o

    Y\:.

    ~ ~ e.p ':

    W t4fb:1 V"\
    (Q2.~+Q 1 04) IW\

    '\)"1

    Ir

    S(A~ Ie cttl.e.u.(a~.

    W uy:-te: I Y\I'\.

    :qD ) Q

    Gh.., /

    (1- '/ '(")

    (Q'l.~+

    Q)..) = O.S

    vr

    T~fol~ A-'t2..

    frOM

    U,:'Zt4.or lc.!'(k- .'\T\,,\:'~21.2.T~s


    ~(y"z./'\f:)'\l"r -:.~2.\2 .
    -r-, I~,_
    -~
    'Z.'
    \
    'IlAo~~f"po \Q..hv\, H\ I ~tc. A -7. 2. ; '1..:"'130 L< ) (). -z. -= 5 3b.1 k.:r
    JJo w
    a.+Tl = 3 0 0 l<::

    (.\3: {J'n I YY\

    F(,(,l'~)

    ~4:

    -tr,s

    ~s)
    foJow

    +- (,( 4

    Q141M+

    0 3 ". I k 'J"//<j

    =t> T3

    :: / 314-. 11' I

    /4.

    h 3 ~ 14' 3 . 4" k J" I ~

    ~3 :.t'f/3.4lt1 kJi~ =t;?T+:/7l7.11<) 1{... =i.S'zG,

    ::.('\fS/1T4}'1f'~4 :.(:r./~I..)('\f:JJ'V4)'\rW"+ =-C'iI1foz.)(i3!T4) '\T("~ =. ~4.4S.3

    Ts::~q1.<i' 1<.

    LC

    s -:.{P7?J.'SS k.J/l~.

    W~d..e..{~ ': lODO - (bi3.5'5'- 214.01):' 5"90,5 JC:T/J"

    :.

    Y\. :. Wc1~I~ 0.5+05 (5'4.85/1


    ""..-::.
    e. T. __ E~i.~_ ~) t: ~DO 1<) I'D~"J'
    v

    "'
    I
    \ \<.-r

    -=.I

    'IV' ep

    p\

    (l ~"'r')

    (Sio.Slc.J'/~)
    (O.8~' w. '/~) (I -

    lO)NV\I\II
    '/'0)

    lleT

    L10....
    lOS tJl'M'1.

    l\'fN'

    5
    lO

    tJIWl'l.

    ,.h~ dcd~ -for ~ ('~u.~r~ plots Me. l)b~L~eJ ()St~~ IT:

    :.

    :::

    O. SLI
    Uf

    "ff1 S

    4tt

    ~Q.,.y"

    folLoLQS :

    W\

    ~/'~

    p4 = p3
    v4 = v_TPC'Air",T4,p4)
    s4 = s_TP("Air", T4, p4)
    u4 = u_T("Air", T4)
    v5 = v1
    s5 = s4
    v5 = v_TP("Air",T5,p5)
    s5 = s_TP("Air", T5, p5)
    u5 = u_T("Air", T5)

    ITCode
    p1 = 1 II bar
    T1 = 300 II K
    (Q23 + Q34) I m = 1000 II kJ/kg
    Q = Q23 I (Q23 + Q34)
    Q= .5
    r=10
    m = 1 II Assume a unit mass of 1
    kg.

    Wcycle = Q23 I m + Q34 I m + Q51 1m


    Q51 = m * (u1 - u5)
    eta = Wcycle I (Q23 + Q34)
    mep = (Wcycle I m) I (v1 * (1 - 1 I r I 100

    v1 = v_TPC'Air",T1,p1)
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    u1 = u_T("Air", T1)
    s2 = s1
    v2 = v1 I r
    v2 = v_TPC'Air",T2,p2)
    s2 = s_TP ("Air", T2, p2)
    u2 = u_T("Air", T2)
    m * (u3 - u2) = Q23
    u3 = u_T("Air", T3)
    v3=v2
    v3 = v_TPC'Air",T3,p3)
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3, p3)
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    Q34 I m = h4 - h3
    h4 = h_T("Air", T4)

    IT Results for Q23 I Q1n = 0.5 and r = 10

    T2 = 730.2 K
    P2 = 24.34 bar
    T 3= 1316 K
    P3 = 43.86 bar
    T4 1729 K
    T s = 899.3 K
    Wcyc1elm = 540.2 kJ/kg
    II = 0.5402
    mep = 6.972 bar

    PU9TS:
    700 , . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    7~

    600
    Cl

    6 -

    500

    ~
    -.
    -,

    400

    o, = 0 (Diesel cycle)

    E
    -.

    Q)

    Ii;

    5 -

    0..

    ..c

    Q23/
    Q23/ Qin
    Q23/ Qln
    Q23/

    (I)

    = 0.25
    = 0.5
    o, = 1 (Otto cycle)

    300
    200

    Q23/ Qin 0 (Diesel cycle)


    Q23/
    = 0.25
    Q23/ Qin = 0.5
    Q23/ Qln = 1 (Otto cycle)

    o,

    3
    2

    100
    O-t---r-...,..----r-...,..----r-..,.----r-..,.-----r---i

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    16

    17

    18

    19

    20

    0.7 , . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.5

    0.4
    Q23/ Qln = 0 (Diesel cycle)
    Q23/ Qin = 0.25
    Q23/ Qln 0.5
    Q23/ Qln 1 (Otto cycle)

    0.3

    =
    =

    0.2
    0.1

    O-t----r-..,.----r-..,.----r-..,.-----r-..,.-----r---i

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    16

    17

    18

    19

    20

    O-t----r-..,.-----r-..,.-----r-.,....-----,-.,....-----,---i

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    16

    17

    18

    19

    20

    KtvOW~ ~

    Alr eV\telrS +Wl. c0\"Af't'ecs.so(" ()~


    ~l+i'oll\~.

    \.~eo..\ ~'('tA.~ ~ Cotde\.e ""\~ lc:.Wl..OW\I\

    0..\1\

    ~ CO~("et;~o(" pYe.$S~f".e.

    ra.Ho \~ Ql~o lc.~w~.

    plo+ ~ VtA.V'\Ot.'-S ~'t'o\~ \\'\'~t +e~o..~eS(A)-tk


    "\\A-0f'l\'\tl\ e.-Cflde",':'1 ) (.\)) +kL bA.C.k. woV'~ V"Glfio) tA.\A.tl (C\ +kL
    "et ~OW ec ol.e.vetopcuL

    fl Nb.

    Q (;{\VEtv

    SC~MAT\C.

    DAtA ~

    ~
    J Q If
    A $$VMPTlOt.J$: 5 ee c:)(A.MP~
    .,"T

    p. =. 100

    k~O\.

    l;'-:::~_:-=_=_~==,-

    T,::.300~

    (A.\(')

    "'SY1\~Js

    A-NAL'i SL~: S CA.m pIe caLwla ho V\~ OJ'.. Q i V(~ be low .fey 6e'it-r(),,{ h,L"~ .\..ie.
    reY'AA-(.AY~s. Flrst',J .fl")( e~c.u of fuL lw,i,\C.'pa' <>rClies [,CltbJ4 A- Z 2).
    sto.fQ. , T,:. .3DoK =t> \', ~ 300"~ Jc.J"/~ ~ fh ~ I. ?>8CPO

    sta.te.

    '2,

    For"' +ke. IS~h-h-o,,&C. eo~t"'~SSIO)'\",

    T\v..\.S" T '2.
    stMe}
    T 3'"

    s+. 't

    5'1'f. 1 K o..~

    '::

    P.-2. "'<'Pz./ p , ) Pr ,

    h"J,::' 57'1. 8,

    = 13.8lcO.

    Ic.:r/~

    ' t!) O O k

    h~ ':. 'ol.{(Q.o~

    Ic.;r/k., ' Pw-:a '::

    1'2.t!)ol<

    -t>

    1c::r1J~ )1'.-3:.2.38.0

    LCPo(!)"

    ==t>

    h,::
    h) '"

    12.7'7."1'1

    PYL(:'

    " ,'1

    P"e.t

    s 3.ti I'- )
    (pCPS K )
    T.., ':'- qU.3")

    ,J

    14\12.

    oJ

    =(fy/fs)

    It 'f

    ~ T'f ::.

    [ ~3.8

    ""'.0

    '757.57 lc;r'tJ~ ) PrJ 7tfl. 2-

    FOr- ~ \.se.II\~k elCf(A.""~\C""'- )

    "TIw..s>

    i.,d" ff.fl4-

    P"a ~T'1'.1

    :. S'lS.4!S Ic:r/b,
    h,# e, r.75. 8lf J=-:r1Jc.,
    h'l ::. 'lC/S.",S /l:.T/~

    T4:'

    h",.

    (/000 k:.)
    C1~DO Jc,)
    (lWOOJc,)

    (0.) Tke +\\.eV'V\4.~l ec{'i.c.i~CCj is

    \1...-= 1 (~)

    h'f-""
    h '3 - \1\ '\,

    TLu. ~A.~k wo-rk,. V'C\.,+\'o is


    bwr ':.

    \,]. - \i\t
    h -

    (c.) T~(.. yo",ev- ~s

    W~t -:

    W\

    1~e results are

    ~'(

    '::.

    2-

    'lot. 1,7

    h'l- ~'i

    l(~'S-"hd -(h2--h,"]

    j"urn W1.4r

    Cb'r)
    1:

    /'z.J. iiA ~ pl~k

    p,

    ~TI t(h,?--~'C)-;).11.t9'J

    011 fu

    I!.e.~t- ptAff.. t..Jk~c.'" j l've eitcL-t

    Df .r~(5~ ~b\~Iot+ifie~ v.e"'~us -fur~ILAe I~.tet +eM.f~(.(.'l4v'e.j rCH'\'1/~q frorvr /000 fo


    l~()ok.

    ct ,40

    PIl06l-E.}I1

    ((O)tl'ef)

    Tltleetetk" -rc.r ft,.~ r-e.~\A.L'V"~& p\ok ec.re ~.(Me.ve;.~ Io j ~ f<>HOlAoll"""~

    rr

    'Pro~p'''6..t'1 '"

    IT Code
    mdot = AV11 v1
    v1 = v_TP("Air",T1,p1)
    Wdotnet = mdot * h3 - h4) - (h2 - h1
    eta = Wdotnet I (mdot * (h3 - h2
    bwr = (h2 - h1) I (h3 - h4)

    =
    =

    p1 100 II kPa
    T1 300 /I K
    p2/p1=10
    p3 = p2
    T3 = 1000 /I K
    p4 p1
    AV1 = 5 /I m3/s

    =
    =

    h1 h_T("Air", T1)
    s1 = S_TP("Air", T1,
    s2 s_TP("Air", T2,
    s2 = s1
    h2 = h_T("Air", T2)
    h3 h_T("Air", T3)
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3,
    s4 = s_TP("Air", T4,
    s4 = s3
    h4 = h_T("Air", T4)

    IT Results for T 3 = 1000K

    = 300 kJ/kg
    = 579.7 kJ/kg
    = 1046 kJ/kg
    = 548.3 kJ/kg
    m = 5.807 kg/s
    IN = 1264 kW

    h1
    h2
    h3
    h4

    p1)
    p2)

    PLOT~

    p3)
    p4)

    net

    bwr = 0.5623
    11 = 0.4672

    :
    3200 - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.6 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    2800

    0.5

    2400
    0.4

    bwr

    2000

    Q)
    c:

    1600

    'S 1200

    0.2

    800
    0.1

    400

    O-t----,-----,-----r-----r---r-,..---r----r---r--,.--..----l
    1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
    T3 (K)

    FroM

    +h~ r,lOH we.

    Sf-eo

    0-t----,-----,----r-----r--r-,..---r----r-----,-----,------r-1
    1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
    T3 (K)

    ~&

    ~e+

    lAJOYk.

    bf ~ ~de. ''''('''t.4{~S S\3 nt f Le.te.1.\.-t~

    ~ -t\A.t b~t.k.-~oYIt. ..",,,;he> tl..(.c.r~tlS"e:s C.t~ -t:u.~\1Ae. lll\l~ ~M.~rCl-k..t.re


    ''''C("(.M.e~, fo't'" k)(..J. coY\.\.pre,sot l'rs~rcz reUio" Howevev) ~ ~~ 'u'\pt-Ct

    tlt\ c.r~e5 Sl~\'\i~\c.tMt~~ \ ~ fu 'U~ .i.1 ~ VEW~ S\i~,,* ~U.r~~ ilA


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    K~owl\I ~

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    CCMO..ltCO~. /he. -k,w'o\\Ae. \V\\~t +e~-eYCl~~ \ $ Spe<:\.T\eJ..

    E\ t-.Jt> :

    PLot fo'(' e, ':' i V~\A r{,l.~~ o-f e.-o~f'('esso(" f(es~u{'.e.. Y'o..f\o~ ~(;..) -\tA.e.
    -lke.,,"'M.~\ e-H-lcie~~ ~ (0) tiJ2. b~ wOV' k. ra..+(o) 6.~ <.C) +WL

    V\e.+

    SClrtSMA!\c.

    pOWeAf" ~evQ.lcpeJ...

    i <P lVEN

    DA1A:

    2~ ~~20

    T3"l"lOOK

    II

    I Compressor
    I
    I

    1;=========:;1

    "-'

    See Exa.'M.p{,~.If
    t\NAI.~ ~(S ~ $~ Y\l\P \oL c..CdCMlll\:h O'\I\S

    !rSSlJMPTLOA.'S:

    (}.f'e

    P. -=\00 ~ol'---

    ~'V~IA

    T, ~ 300 Ie:.

    ~--~
    Qout

    C/r'r),::' 5 'M"Jis

    ~ &+ +#N2. PV-lV\C.\PQ.( stce.tc.s ''1o.lole. A- 22)


    :s-ta-te. I T,:: 3eo Ie:; => h,:: 3eo.\Q k'l'"JI~,) Pr, ~ 1.38(P()
    state 2 For 'Seli\+r0pl'C c.o~('es,":o",- .. PY'"Z =(Pc./P,) PY'I =t> T.) 1., ..
    ikM.s,
    lo =t> fY''2.::' 8.3lCo ) T1 = 'i<fB."I t.) h-z,= 501.36 k"J"/"=9
    f-a./f,:: 8 '=t> Yt'a, ~ 11.088 ) T1.::: 53'l.8l<. .. h'Z,:. Slf'l.IS k31~
    12.. ~ Yo "lfD.'32) T1::' "03.&lK" ~'Z, -:.fD'O.bS k~/~

    IAQfe.. Firs"")

    fi'K:.

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    S+et;\e.'3

    T3

    s~te. &f

    "For +~

    IWJ.S)

    f\"""f (ct)

    k ~ .... , S , S. 4 2. k.'J"' I k.~ ) pr 3 :. "(SO. 5


    l~V\~ptc.. e."'f(;\.\A.$lO'V\. P""t -= <r"'/P3) Pw-- 3 =t> T'f) h'l
    =t>

    75'oS3 , T'f:: 8qQ,3 " > h" :. tt3Z.20 k'J"/~


    6".311. , lit .... 834.1" ) h'f :. Bf#O .~O Ic::~r/~
    31.5'1'2. ) Tit:' 751 K .) h'l = '7(g8.38 k;r/~~

    The ~G-"V\o\~\ eCf(cie.\Il~ is

    "t -:. l - '" l.f ~'l

    \t\\

    h ..

    lb) Th~ 'o~c.k wo,," Y'("l,+Co


    bwV"

    -e,

    LS

    h".- '" \

    "'"3-\\'i

    Th'!. ne.'+ powe-V'" cie"~lopc..cl LS


    <!fv-) P
    .
    Wcydt:' Yht("'~-~~)-(.~~-\A,\] =
    R~, ' tCh)-"'\t) -(h..-h,)]
    The. resu.lts a.ve. -:>U-IM'MOlri u.J.. \\1\ +kJL +O\.lowl~ +""ID\-e:

    (e)

    \'\. ( 0/0)

    bwY"

    W'Nl-t (leW)

    to

    31,(01

    .:3 LfS

    2.218.(0

    42.. ~'2.

    .~"1-

    2.~8~.8

    f'a'/P,

    ,2-

    'i5.:~5

    .LfI<D

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    2.S 55.z..

    r10h ~V'e oIo~~lI\e&l


    Q-{p8

    \.lSi"'9 iT) a s

    to llov.:>~ :

    ITCode

    mdot = AV11 v1
    v1 = v_TP('Air",T1,p1)
    Wdotnet = mdot * h3 - h4) - (h2 - ht)
    eta = Wdotnet I (mdot * (h3 - h2
    bwr = (h2 - h1) I (h3 - h4)

    p1 = 100 /I kPa
    T1 = 300 11K
    p21 p1 = rp
    rp = 8
    p3 = p2
    T3=140011K
    p4 = p1
    AV1 5 II m3/s

    h1 = h_T("Air", T1)
    51 = 5_TP("Air", T1,
    52 = 5_TP("Air", T2,
    52 = 51
    h2 = n,T("Air", T2)
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    53 = 5_TP("Air", T3,
    54 = 5_TP("Air", T4,
    54 = 53
    h4 = h_T("Air", T4)

    IT Results for rQ = 8
    h 1 = 300 kJ/kg
    h2 = 544.1 kJ/kg
    h3 = 1514 kJ/kg
    h4 = 859.9 kJ/kg
    til = 5.807 kg/s
    W = 2382 kW

    p1)
    p2)

    p3)
    p4)

    net

    bwr = 0.373
    11 = 0.4228

    PL07S:
    0.6 - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    3000 - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.5

    2500

    bwr

    0.4

    2000

    ~
    "li)

    'S

    0.2

    1500
    1000

    0.1

    500

    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20

    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20

    T~ +kll 5\V-c.v'\ V"4V\,e t>f CO~rr"~'SO('" fr"es~uv.e. vo..+io~) ~e. ~e.t roweY' I~cre~ses
    WLt-k ('~ ,G.,5 cAoes +'~ ~e,rM(;4..l eff.,ic.;e,,,,CCj' ~t.-t, ~e bA.Ck..wOY~ ratlo also I~GYeA.Se.S
    wi~ rf .

    ASSVMPTLo",S:

    S
    See EXt:l~ple " Y

    T,:' Sz.oct---

    -:--~
    QOOI

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    .s+A.'\e. \
    5tQ.te

    2.

    T, =- 52-COR. ~ hi =-12.'40.2-1 et/lb , A-.:. 1.1.ltl7


    For #.sL lse."",hq>i, ~~ssi O'k. J prz = (p,.!P,) Pr. -=. Il.OOS'~
    -rh..u.sJ lz.: COq~.5' DR. (l~ ~). ':. ;tc"t(. rz, eke-lib
    T 3 : ~ooo OR

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    a~JlIo ~ Prs:::

    q 4 L to{

    ~ for fl..,Q. i.stANhpi.c. e~pa.Ksl~ oJ Pry~(PYJ P3) Pr3 =-CD1.'2t.{


    -rkusJ T'I-= 1513 D~ a....J. /lay = 388.CD3 6h,c./lb
    ('0

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    l - Ge\A.tl M ::. ,_ (\-t't - \1 ,)


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    fi
    I,

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    1200

    1300

    1400

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    1800

    T3 (K)

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    Sft,l:fe I T,=SZ.OR, =t> 1,1= 12 4.2.7 e-fu/lb J P... ,:.I.2.I'{7

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    SMe. 'Z. Fa r

    t~ r.se~..\-rotl\(. c.o~"'ess l~ '" Pn.: (P30 I PI) Pr, = /'1.57(,"

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    Sm.ote. 3

    T3 =-2bOO CD~ ~ h 3

    ::

    'Az.:' 252.8,#

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    oJ

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    .A

    (48

    /4e d.a.~ fe.r ~ r~V'ui ('1 0 k are o"'fa-t'i-te.J


    IT Code
    T1 = 520 II oR
    T3 2600 II oR
    rp = 12
    mdot = 1 II Assume a mass flow rate of unity.
    p1 1 II Assume a value for pressure
    /I
    (any value would work).

    =
    =

    8~llb
    "1
    ,f>J)
    .,,0/0

    u.s. ~j

    17j

    as follows:

    s4 = s3
    p4 = p1
    s4 = S_hP("Air", h4, p4)
    Wdotnet = mdot * h3 - h4) - (h2 - h1))
    eta = Wdotnet I Qdotin
    Qdotin = mdot * (h3 - h2)

    IT Results for rQ = 12
    h1 = h_T(lAir", T1)
    s1 s_TP(lAir", T1, p1)
    s2 st
    p2 = p1 * rp
    s2 = s_hP(lAir", h2, p2)
    p3 p2
    h3 = h_T(lAir", T3)
    s3 = s_TP(lAir", T3, p3)

    =
    =

    h 1 = 124.3 Btu/lb
    h2 = 252.9 Btu/lb
    h3 = 673.6 Btu/lb
    h4 = 342.2 Btu/lb
    W
    / m = 202.8 Btu/lb
    cycle
    11 = 0.4821

    210 - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    PlOTS:

    209

    208
    ~

    '3 207

    . 206
    E
    205
    ......
    ~

    204

    >,

    .~o

    203
    202
    201
    12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
    P2! P1

    0.6

    l="

    0.5

    -~

    0.4

    0.3

    0.2

    0.1

    12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
    P2! P1

    Fr-oO'\ ~ ,lois: (r~/PI)~~ ~ .;tD.fo""'ii~f__----------


    wor~

    (X ) ~

    ~ S 5.2. o/0oEloElr---

    W1Wk

    Us;~ +~ r4!'su.l--t of E}Co..lkf\e, o:t.S


    pr~r.~\.\.( '(o..-t\.-o lS
    \c.

    &

    "5)

    ?~ )
    : (
    ( ~ ~
    \"
    ~f'('\:.

    "1.( k-'

    0\'\ 0\.

    cold Ct.~r... s~vJ~V'et ba.~ls J

    - Ib.12""'1:~t-------------

    (t~ ~ ce~('6f0'At1\~9 ~V\WA.\ ~~'lC. '-elA.~ is

    t-tv

    \::NOW~h

    0'("~'j+o't\ ~de.l' o.lA.(ll'j~e.& Ol'\. 0... colel 'llr-sl't1-1AJGt1ltf


    bQ.~lS. T~~ coV\A;f("e,>~oY'" i~\eT -t~~eV',,-o\t..vr~ l.s T\ ~ ~
    tuK'o\",~ \lI\.\et ~QY-~~-e. '\s T3 .

    AV\ \cleOll

    S,,"ow +~T +~ C.O~'("i!S~OY" e.~\~ +<b\Mi'QI("~c. -\~:t Y\\.~,~i'les

    ~-(.t wor\L fer v..1M.+ MGtCioS o~ ~w- +-low


    T-z.:' (T, 'T3 ) I/.'L
    T
    '5 Ct46MMl<:''' &\\1 Et..> 'D1Y-rA '.

    q-77

    'l&

    ~\\I~V\. \>~

    l<.NoWN~

    The, i&eC<.l a.\r--5ta.Yl~r& S:o-~fOh ~de

    of 'Proble~ q.'il i~ ModifL"ed

    to 1V\C.lM.Gl.e ~ce.* +L.te.. +u.rlo\lI\e ~ Co O\rY"C~sS'o~

    eo..c~ ~ve I ~eV1.h-opic.

    ef+lclencier tees +hcx\l\. 100/0.


    For e.ClclA of -tkree. e++-lc,i e\l\CCj V&tlu,e-s.) p~t (0.) fl-.eo +It\ermc..\ eftlcien~)
    (b) th.e. loC\.clc:. work. ra.fio) (e) +ke.~~t powef"deve.{oped) o.\1.e:tCcl) tke..
    (.oVV\p(e~s 0("" 0M,.G.l -fu.,yfo'""e. r:fes of .J'er,y dedrllc/1~ ve.V'.su~ c.oM-pressor
    pre-"u,r~ fr<,ti.()~ n:t~ 1V.~ from 1. ft.' io .

    F JNJ2:

    jC 'feMA-TlG

    ~ (#1 V~ DArA :

    n.c,: n l:

    t900/o
    80%

    Ta=Jwook:

    i 0%

    p.::. look-Po..
    T; =30ok

    C+\/"") ,~ 5 m 3/ s
    2 ~

    ~ ).,0

    P"/pl

    A-SSU~erLONS: Same a.s ,,,,


    q.b.
    iso , let To =,3001<

    EJ((M'\Itple

    AN4<.YSlS: COtl sider: -rite SAMple c.eJCl;(,(a.t-~~ fo-r p-z.-/P, ::: 8) I1t :.
    First) -ft"><. e~cM ef +he pr,VJci.pCA.J sfa.les (Ja.b/e. .A--Z2.).
    Sfakl: p,:'J()oIc.Pa.~ T,=-300k. =t> "",300,/1 ~t~

    n: :. Boe~.

    z.: From Prob. fI.4 J; ';z.~ = S'iLf.18 f<.J' I~ . us,~~ .f~ co~ressor
    ef.lc.le~GAj : h 2. '= hi + ("'z.s - '" )f"tc. =. has.18 /c.J'{ ~
    Sfatfe 3 : 7 3 -=14 oot =t>- V. a = ISIS. -n: k:r (~
    $-fa,/e If ~ prob. 't4.f I: l1"s:: 8{P() .4.0 k.J l"=,. LL~1 ~~ +k.e tu.ri" ne .Q",~,;",~
    "'4 = [,,3 - ht (h3 - I, ,,s) :: 9'11.1 kJ"/'=j

    Sfa-te

    (t\.l

    The

    ic
    \1.::. 1- k,,-Lt, :: 0.24/ (.z.'i,/ok)

    fheoYI4.{ efl.c.cteYlC7j

    h3-h~

    ChJ The het(.k.. worlc.. rari


    kw .... ::

    '-"'1.- ~\
    h~-

    '(

    i.r
    :: 0.592

    ee) The "l'\.u Jower aev~tc;lp.ed is


    WeYcle-

    = ~ [d'3-~q) - (11'2. -l-\I ) J

    "W1 ::: (A~)~ ;'

    :: S.80'7

    k,fs

    WCc;}de = J21'.lf lc: W


    @) ,he ('~te of ~ef"jd~sf!vch'()Y\

    ..for ik ~f~SSO\ is

    J)eo..,.p':

    To d-'cotkp :. To rh (5z.- 5, )

    :. ~ n-i [(S:-S,O)- R~ P:a/J>,]


    'frofYt Tale1le A- 2. 2 ; -5,=/.702.03 k."J"I"'/< 6,.""J..soz,=2.40SQ3 JcJ"Ik,.k.
    Ed,CDMfI

    :.

    /6"." I.e.

    t~.t

    fA}

    S'1vi-t j larly, -tor fl<e .).uyble


    E'dJ114r1

    ::

    ~ To [(sZ - S~)- R~~ ]

    s;

    Ta"'<A-22.; ~3::'3.3'ZOO "lA.e!


    :.~/tlll?~. 1w
    Eel l twb -= ) 55.1 kl,LJ
    The ~ fo.r -#.e V"~e.t.we4 ?lo15t:u"f! obkuloifUli. .c.dt~
    a~ -F<>t!.cws.,
    FrOI1't

    ''J

    ITCode
    mdot = AV1 I v1
    v1 = v_TP("Air",T1,p1)
    Wdotnet = mdot * h3 - M) - (h2 - h'l)
    eta = Wdotnet I (mdot * (h3 - h2
    bwr = (h2 - h1) I (h3 - M)
    Edot_c = To * mdot * (s2 - s1)
    Edot_t = To * mdot * (s4 - s3)

    p1 = 100 II kPa
    T1 = 300 II K
    p2 I p1 = rp
    rp 8
    p3 = p2
    T3 = 1400 11K
    p4 = p1
    AV1 = 5 II m3/s
    efCt = 0.7
    efCc= 0.7
    To = 300 II K

    IT Results for rQ= 8. TI2 = U! = 80%


    h 1 = 300 kJ/kg
    h2 = 605.1 kJ/kg
    h2s = 544.1 kJ/kg
    h3 = 1514 kJ/kg
    h4 = 990.8 kJ/kg
    h4s = 859.9 kJ/kg
    m = 5.807 kg/s
    11 = 0.2402
    bwr = 0.5828

    h1 = h_T("Air", T1)
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    s2s = s_hP("Air", h2s, p2)
    s2s = s1
    h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1) I efCc
    s2 = s_hP("Air", h2, p2)
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3, p3)
    s4s = s_hP("Air", Ms, p4)
    s4s = s3
    M = h3 - (h3 - Ms) * efCt
    s4 = s_hP("Air", h4, p4)

    PLOT~:

    IN

    = 1268 kW

    cycle

    d, comp

    d, turb

    = 186.9 kW

    = 255.5 kW

    0.6 ~-------------,

    0.5

    0.4
    l="

    ---*-+------

    0.3

    0.2
    0.1

    10

    12
    rp

    14

    16

    18

    20

    isentropic efficiencies = 100%


    isentropic efficiencies 90 %
    isentropic efficiencies 80%
    isentropic efficiencies = 70%

    =
    =

    PR06~ 'fAS

    (~f'cl.. - p~ 3)
    3000 . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    1
    0.9

    2500

    0.8
    0.7

    :> 2000 ~

    0.6

    1500

    0.5

    .0

    Q)

    0.4
    0.3

    ~1000 -

    0.2

    500

    0.1
    0
    2

    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20

    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20

    600 -

    400 . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - : : - - - - - . : l

    500
    300

    400

    a.

    -e

    200

    -0-

    300

    .3

    -0

    200

    100

    o -+---,-,---.--,...-,-,...-,-,----,-,....-,-,...-,-,---,-,....-,..-;
    2

    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20

    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    rp

    isentropic efficiencies = 100%


    = 90 %
    isentropic efficiencies = 80%
    ------- isentropic efficiencies = 70%
    --1<i-

    -+- isentropic efficiencies

    01:> se tJ' V(1..;~ " ~


    For V\ c. ~ Y\~

    <. (ODD!. 1

    ~V''M.~ t..f+ic ~ (M"1

    04 c..o~{'e(SO(" 'P("e'~'\A{'(' ~cJ.lA ,,~ .

    rAM1

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    ,e..)r..l.v,.b

    ',+

    M~ I ~ IA.," V~

    11>\"" .-to! ... ~c : 1 Dol ..J1..L ~ L'&~ ~ UKo ru r ~ 20 .. Nl>+e ~ ~ ID~ f)..)ovk
    t"Cl.\-1..O ~y~ v"M1- J . ~ ~~, c...\A 0+ ~ P~\;Ae. VOI)Ylc.. i..s "OY\~u.~ +0
    V'u.."" ~ ~V(l~<"O('".
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    V\-t e 1o~/o \ ~S e~ft~ .

    -feY "v\.:

    'I-Ie

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    l<.tVOWN ~

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    ~~!>~\.l.Y-~ ~o..+l.O ~ 5peci~iecl 'M\V\\'M\A.W\ ~V-A ~\ "'" \4\M,.

    t-e~(A~(,.S.. ~ ~('e'\~o.,. (J,.~ -\ux\oi",e. eAC~ ~"'L


    \S-e\A.~C9(l vc, e.f+lc. \0(. ~ c:.le.s e~ 82 0/0 .
    D.ere'lMllI\e (d) ~ ~e,t WO'f'~ peT' \A.\\,'\.+ ""-A-S$ a~ Q.'l/1"' flow J,b)
    -tWz. ~eo..+ Y-e.j.t~ ~ u.~-t WJD-S'i f)~ ill'" flow) ~ cc) ~
    ~~( e:Lc.ie",c~
    ~ ~lM'"Q. ~~ +0 tw. sa.w.Il
    <t..v..~\.t H-\-iE'S e.V~tUAt~c( .ftrr tA.IA., icl.t.oJ ~ de.

    FlND ~

    SCMEMMlC

    -\ \) Et-J 'l>A,A:

    .3

    '-3~ I\{OoK

    s
    ASSUMPT10"'S..
    ANAi,.."~IS ~

    flr~+) f-i.}( etl.C(,..


    TCl~I.Q. A- 1.2...

    of

    tAa.+~.fn,M

    stttie;Ha.1e.

    ;LqO .l~

    f20 j pl ) P"'l

    I
    -Q'- -

    out

    F\\o-s+) de.-\e.rM\"'e, h 2 S

    Pf''2.~::'

    "T, :: 2 qO K l.'_ - -

    ~ fri~c.\P"\ ~+c.c.i~s

    =t> h \ :

    I Tj =2. 'io K
    2.

    See. ~\M.{)\ez. 't.(o

    =.

    k:r l~

    -for ~G.d" uae\-e. t.\.$f~

    , Pr,:'

    1.2. ~"

    'Fo("' L$eV\+ro6>'(. c.e'N.p'f'es~"o",",

    1L{.'''3'2...

    =t>

    t..'2.S -= Sqo.&.f...,

    k"j'(~

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    \\'2. ': h \ + \ ~ '2.~c.~ \ ~ ~ 6 2,3. ~ I<"'/~

    SJ-a;ke!
    S+GC:\'~.Lf

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    = 1400" =t> '" a :

    ) p,.. ~ ::. Lt5'0,.5'

    FoV" ~5e",tn:>p\(. e~p"v.siD~


    ?(''ts~(f'lI?3) Pr3 =. ?>7.5tf2 -=t> h Lt, :=:. 7hB.38 l::.:r/lc~
    U.">i~ ~ -kvrb\",~ ~~l(.i~",CIj j nt. :=. (IA ~ - "'*) / ("'3 - '" ,*$) ;

    F\rst)

    d.~.:\eV'W\\)\e. ~'4s.

    ~ Ii ~ h") ((A)

    'S IS. '+ 2. k:J lie,

    'h t (ltt ~-

    ht(s)

    TWL .n.e..+ wo*, ver 'll~ "to 'MClt;s et


    W~\e. :::.(h~-h~)-(hz.-"")

    '=

    843.oe ~:r/k~

    Q\r -ROW\~ is

    ::. (, SlS.4 - 8 43. 0 1 ) - (fol 3.'i 'f - :z.t:to.(Co)


    -:: '33 ~.~ ~~ / ~ ~
    For" +~ i'c:l~\

    We.t4~Q/~

    Ctjele.

    ( W1c.lC ~ id.eAA : ( h ?> - "" 't S) - ( h~$ - ~ \)

    Ie.3'II,...
    -:J .;
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    ':. "'t'I7,'
    1-1111_

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    feje.c.te.J ?eru.\\\t-\YJ.c.ss ()fa~ ftow~ is

    ~ \rt '{- "" \ -:. 84~ .O&,

    - 2.ctO.l fc, z: 552

    ,n. ~,J"I~ .41------:..;;

    Ftx- ~ ~&etl' ~cle


    (Q

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    \e~s

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    neo..t

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    ~ \ -::. \.{ 18.'2


    tor

    k.:r I~

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    for ~ \ o.er.J
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    \;l.tS-

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    e~lC\ e.1A~.

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    ('kat
    s,c.'e,)

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    A ~,~~ 'aos ~\",e. is ~~"t.eJ eM. ~ o..\~- ~-k~d.... ~ b'Ul.1.

    -n..a.

    ~hCMs QM.~V'i"'5 ~ ~1".~"or ~

    ~ ~\~ e"l(,'c.~C.\~S

    t\..L ~f'e~so-r

    k.kOW\,\. T~ c.o~o('e..~or

    AoV"e.

    ~~~c;.~lAK"~ ("~tl.O ~ ~ ~~~ ~t tk -Kw\Pi~e. \~\~T


    a.r~ f1>f.c.':~i~ ~~ wt.ll.
    1)~'.e'(W\\\!\e. (0. \~ 1I0IU"'1et--.c. flolA.l ""~ketlte...i", +~ Co """1''''''' fO~) U,,) +I'\~
    +~~t",,"+v.....es At +""-0 CO ...... "AlUOr <;t"d.. -\u..rl:lll1~ Q-i+S I ~~d Cc:) +I---a-

    F\\Jb:

    ~ ......,A..f e.+Hc..:~V'lC~.

    :>CHEMM\C

    e <ie\

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    Wcycle

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    Pt :: J~ l~fTt~~-

    'ee ;:XlA.rwp!. " c.

    AsSUMpnON S',

    I L-.----';;>-----'

    WC'fc.le", 5xI 0'"

    T, -:. S 2.0R,

    f:

    ANAA..'I515 ~ Flfo&T.).fix eAdA ",+- ... ~ ,.,,II\C.;PA( s-h:l.ws (TQ,"I~ A- 22E).


    s-t-e:tie I T, c 5Z0 OR. ~ h, = 12."1.1.' e~/l") ~r. A 1.2.l't~

    S+tt!e

    2.

    For CI.tf\ ise."".fTopic. c.o,...,{"t'S$ io"," : r~.s .... (p'lal P, ) p.., = 11.00"
    ntus", h.,.s ::.2,(P'f./2 81/11:>. U~;""~ 11.A.~~sot"'e.#LC.'e.MC1l,
    \1.

    $4;\(

    '3

    T3

    c ::' h~s -

    k,
    h'30 - ~ \
    ~

    = 2 sooDR

    ~ \1'1.

    "Ii ==

    h'3 c

    = h,...
    12.()fI>

    (, 1.15.'78

    \i,'u-

    oR..

    ~,

    =2.12.1(0 6w.t'b /

    ,,~

    eke-lib

    Iz...

    P1"'3:: &135.'7

    st4:te. If Fo r: 0-1'1 i.s e",~ptc. expeu,,-, (0"'-" Pr-I#$ (P'I I P5 ) PrJ :. 3/.12.1
    1'fw.)) h. s ': 3(3.3(, J3+u.1 ,i,. .( si ""9 +&.12. UA.rlUMc. eUi'c.;e&;J ~

    n
    . 1l\.Q. -filg."'W\A\

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    A 5\W\p\-e. ~A.S ~.. ~\,,~ is Q.-'~C;1't.d. on e, co\~ t1iM'"-sta.",-J.",.,J bA.'l$.


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    e{l4(c.ie.!I\(!,\es a.('..e.

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    Also)

    yn:no o.~

    1e""'1>~c. OL+ ~ +uK\'\k<L i",,\e."t o.V'-e. spe.dHe-< ~s "",e Lt.


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    tiut

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    srec.ific. htcqs e"4./u.A:td.

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    A#At-ySlS: fro"", T~"'c.A-20, k. ... J.J+OI, Cop: 0.2.'10


    ~ i've-til CUA.A. T~ ':L 2soo 0 R i.s "\-"~,,,,

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    ForA.1I\ ise",+reptc.~reo;siCJ"'o\." Tas=(Pa./P,)";J(T '=-1I0h.8R,


    U.s 1'' '-3 fu. ~res~o... e.ffic.;e.~CAj)
    I
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    2.

    "*""'- -kM"'\)'""e." e.f.+\c.ie",,~ )


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    1\r- h'3- h'(s - Cp (7 Tlfs) ~ Tif

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    P-r./q

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    f)=qs-okP...
    =- J"t ook;

    /,

    Heat exchanger 3

    Turbine

    1- _

    r: ~ JOO /c.P",,-

    r,~ \c>okP4,
    \\:. ;00

    (Av-l\:: S.",.1/s
    ItS5UMPn()rJS~ (I) EC4.cl1 ~MI'O.,eV1t;o5 a.naltj'Z.ed a..s CA COYlfrol voLu.tt\e Gl;t
    .ste~d.':1 r.ft:t-le. (2) -rille COMpf'eSSCr a,Y].J f-u,rlo,;" e. tV~ a.dfC4.1o Q.fi<:. .(3) !<I~e.ft.c..

    o.tttl. (fol-eVlti~1 e~erYJCj effecfs 'l~ Y1~9li<jiJ:,Ie.. (4) The WOr"k:.,~~ -tLc.,uc( i.s air
    GlV'\ I"c.le.(,(.( flClS. (5) I-ef- To =-3c90/< a.~d..fo::' IDO kPa..

    Wlod.efed ~s
    t},N4i'lSlS:

    state

    'DaJa. are. obta.J"'eof -for ea.cM. fJril1c... pcd ~-kk. from


    p(f,Pc. \
    l-\ (k.;r{ k~ ) ~O(kJ"lk~'K)
    T (Ie'

    \
    2-

    J oe

    300
    (,2/.1

    B13.<:t
    e.t
    The I Y, c.reas:e ill) .f low
    el<"dM. t'\~e r is +ctkeV\ as
    -tu yo l~)l it\e .

    1.70203

    ~ 2.~. 2.1

    2.Lf4S'3Cj

    qso

    15/5.'+'2..

    3.3"2.C>O

    lOo

    Q03:12

    z.~BISSB

    J t.9()o

    J4t!)O

    300./'1

    e ')(ef'~.:::t
    lI\ ~+-

    t ke.

    Ta.hle 4- 2Z:

    of. 4--he. ClLr P~SSI v.q +~t"OlAJ3 k +kt.l-tec.tt


    e. ~ e r~ 'a To -f{A.o j a..s:

    \V\ Pwt- e+

    Input: ~(ef?>-ef'1,..) ~ [(h 3 - J,, 3o ) - To (s;-s~- F:.!b11 P:a{p2,)]


    EV~((.Ul.t,n9 ~:
    \A'A ':
    rr o

    CAv-),
    1<T,

    P,

    ':

    (5 t11~/s) (lookPC\,
    to foJIM"l..11
    (B.~I~ kJ )( 300 k)
    'k..p~,

    ).8.ct,

    "1.L<

    I k.:r
    JO) N~

    ::

    S B(), l.-AI
    "-'J S

    rJ.w.s
    ni\ (e:f~_e..f1-) :::(5.901 "":) [,,5tS.Lt2.- ~2CJ,Z.I) teJ'/~
    - (3c>O k)( 3 .3b1.Do -

    <f-85

    2.~'1S3q

    8..31'1 9M ~ ).l~~_] I' l k.w


    2-8.91
    16)(!)o Ic.fK
    1 LJ/s

    C:~eq~. ~

    is de.Jrroljed ~e to il7"tvevs't!o i I t:rie~ iJl\ fLee..

    ~. .jurbll-1e. Tluts) ~V\d- Ed=- (;

    (J)

    W~ ~e-f

    (0

    M/f t1:'.sS~"

    I>~l-ry.c,h';Y\s:

    fJ)cOlt\p

    Ed) -\-"''' b

    1:

    To ~ (Sz.-S,): To~

    =- To }'\" [ (~-

    -R~PZ.{'p,J = J'IB.BkvJ

    (Cs:- S,D)

    53 ) - .f},v..

    PY/P3

    =- 173," k LV

    1i<~ M- t po w-e"r &.-e. V e.l ~.ec{ ~ <:1 fu ~


    fl'"t" S e '-\ts .f~ (~t,I:t f t.Vt
    e v:e r~ frOM ~
    err
    W~ =- ~ (~ OS - ~4 ) - Ck ~- l, ,)

    + '
    L

    f-

    = '" 111 .. 5 Ie. w (0 fA.f" wi")


    F'~Al~)
    o..we\l\kvs +k.R..1M ~~\~e. ~+ Ptl ((."'-<1. To. T~, +~
    e-IM,~ LM.f.~
    e~e r~ if
    ~ lL~ l-e t +0 elci t t"'.ep('epJt.Q.uc"u\s +Luzlees ~ it> ~ k.ot ~i:N- Io.e.u~~ tM,s ~~ , ~
    Loss:
    ~(ef~-efl)::' vh ((~'i-"',)-To (S~-SJo-f?9tA,0~)J

    thJz.

    = /5loLf, ~ k.W

    S(A,tv\. vY\Cl ri 'Z, l ~

    J \J\:Pw\"

    ~ 1;> I'S

    DV\ \

    r-os.'' '

    "3 S Z\i

    bw

    I" &11. 5 kw
    -1>(~tro~d" 3 (i . Lf
    - Lo4i> S :
    is (,'{ . 8
    - Net Power:

    3523.1

    (ii'," %)
    ( 'I Ofo)
    (44.4%)

    k.W

    s .... e..t. +<---- DIoJH"'VE. 01- ~ "jAS ~rh,~ L-O 1v


    0.V\ V(.-r~'t.. ~'Jev\('J .R4r--SSftd /l.4 ~ ~~'o
    ou..6rv...-b (vv..k ~OWM)

    +0 ~ ~~

    """l'c.o..:t-

    lA J

    r--cL..,CJL f'DIJV~~

    1~

    c:!~"r"ec::L

    <1 lr\rrecJi'~1 f1-t-

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    COr\s;c! .......b\~ ~-e,..y-Qa t.O ~,...,...,ed O&.J" b~ -tt- Q.lt'" d..t s,-t....vyd ~
    1"'IA-'s """",,' J h..+ ~ W)( r-t-o i 'I-e d b.J ~ 1"\.1> joe ~ -. +; V 4!... o-p ~ ... e' ~se..v~s~d .....,:: s...c. 'f~ ov- l?'q~""'" 1 e-: ~'_rl C'7c.A.....f 6-0
    ciA S e..v ~ l:A d......: ~C'. 'I. 10.

    4.

    P~oBLEM

    9 5"3

    ~~owN. A. si"""ple '~.I +C4rloil\t is


    Gt~ ~.er~ Vl'e"""fo,,,,,,t, ~+
    (Vee

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    l::.""C)Io.'.W\

    4I'r-~~I'\d.A",Q

    4"'-.

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    loc4IC.froI'\S.

    A.;'" VA.r,'Qv..s;,

    E.1Ce"ra

    F IIvO: ("") 1)e ve l op 0.. f,.tl{


    Of -1'c:ll'~ p",SNt"j +~~S~ ~

    E'v&vA1~

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    a.CC~v""-h'I'\' of +~ J1.~+- v,<."rN i"'Cfe4S'-e..


    .,.U -ft..c,..b""~ co,"", Iw.s+or ) (b) dpv,se ll""d,
    ~~rjc.f\(. eff,'cicer\ t 1 -fr;r -t~ ~ -j-c.t,.l:Jlrt~ cycle.

    :5C!:tE&\-llc.
    ~\\ISN T>!tTA '.
    PI. = P,3 ':. 87 '\'.fU",z. 5; Qin
    A:s~VMeTlotVS ~ (') e().C~ CO~O\80C4-r Tz.::' 'i1"1R,
    ---~ 73: .20001<
    l.$ ~\I\A\.~"toe~ (U ClI. ~ol VO"""""4! cet
    Heat exchanger

    .e

    r---

    ste~ ,-b.-\e, (~) ~ c.olV.f("'~$~Or

    :-:;;-,
    I Compressorlt=========~

    ~ tu.v~\\4.e. o..Y'~ ~~a.IoCl.+\.c..~)k'~f.""'('

    ~~ ~~l e~~~ e-ea-tA.f'e V\~li - :


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    ~e,).~\~ o..S ~'" \d..e.cr..\ ~M ,\S} \..(..t
    To :. S '" Of. ') Yo -= \4.~ \'of- ''''~

    ANA-l.'(S\S ~ 'i>o..-m.

    ,. (o~'

    ~\ct.+e.

    I T\: S'tooR

    PI" l~. S '''fU",,''

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    13 ,.,

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    Pit ::. ICf.S ,(,t-/&M.

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    p (

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    't

    Wcycle

    ob+o..\M~ t\;t f.O.C~ ~ra", (.\P""\

    ,,"yo'!.

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    h(6~l\b'

    s ...~ fro1\o\.

    SO

    (8iu/llo. It,\

    ,~.5

    12.Cl.Oc

    l).(gOo'"

    81
    81

    1.3'MS3

    0.1 'i

    So'i.11

    O.,,~%OS

    ~3b.'\ 1

    l"i.5

    'T~\'le It- 22e:

    81

    o, 6~( ,q

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    T'n42. \.W\.~~ e+ a){e v: e "<Y' --\-0 1'\t..Il. ~o.~ ~O\ke. i s ~~ ~


    \V\c.~~o..se. ~
    e'lCQ.t"'3 'a9~ ~ WO-rt.c:~ ~ f~U\"'j ~+
    & ~* (,~c,""Q.~V"'
    o
    'I'neu.'t- : (e fl- e. S-~:: (h ~ - ~ to') - To~ S~ R. ~Pl.J

    .ow

    S: )-

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    ~'c> \~

    ;: 14>8." ~/ IbOlll!!!l"'~
    ~ -\0 \rr..,,~wiUo\ lities ,IA iWt.

    \$ d.e&-n-.\f~
    'rl.u,.v., I w, 'tt... Ed -:. 70 Ci"

    1)e~~c+ioV\~ ~ (~/~)""'p

    c.A"'''' jed

    EY-e r 9'1 G\Jr.o ~


    lNL+ ~.a..y~

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    ( t\1 _ L, I

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    _ oos 1v''3. d
    _ los s
    COl'\s:d-,.o.lo\4t

    GAtploited

    rwu,lI\t

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    5k\1 t(".~.,....-_

    l." r: Ie. :

    treA~ ~ if,' ""j

    ....". 4. T~

    o
    )

    co ( ( S+ - S~) -

    ~ /1>, )

    aIn../I;,

    ...
    ..4--

    _...a.t ..oo/' k:.

    I,

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    (.U

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    1),s"~I'h'M:

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    ~ eo +

    +<....c.

    o.M.J.

    8k\/lb ....4~

    :: \1..\'3

    -t-kt...,

    ::
    Sv WI.-~"i

    'Vi A.

    C-A,..' ,'t>d o~
    ~~f"':'

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    = To L(S~-'~) -Jt~I\J;-,l :. 10.' I.t

    (tcl/,.;h..,.b -::. To l(S~- S;) - p..2cA. PlttrJ


    'Eo"''' t''t1 ~

    '-t.ll
    ,.3'0

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    r Bfou.J /b

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    -aht./IJIJ

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    '-'''1'','" c:l

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    k&'1"'" c.'

    ~O ~ A.Pj~t\.Q.fA.f\~ O-P(lA-4""'r.... c:L..Sl.V~S"d ~


    CoWlo""'fc4 C'jcle.. as c:k.re.e..,,~r~o "'" ~c,'1.{O,

    q-87

    ;,oc.

    <1-. 'jk4.f ~ \.\.;if'


    '1'T o~ b t 1

    Q...t

    PRO(j~M ".5'1KNOWN:

    ~:

    A r~ell\eV"t4to(" 0+ k.~o(.(J)\
    c.<jc(.e of Problem Cl. &is.

    ef!fee*\'"e&lte~s

    i.s

    IWOr"'pOY"'C1t~e{ l~-h

    +1A.e..

    For-to..cl!l of fttY'ee U)Mr~St)r o.V\.Cl -I-u-rb\He eH-UlelllCtj vulu.esj plot


    the f~.rMAf efflcleVlCtj J (hj the ba.ck work. rtl flo) (c) the ~et
    poWer a-eve.lof(UI. J a.~c.( (c:() t h..c. !"Are of e4.er ~ des1Yvcf"oVl lA;\ -+k~

    ((1)

    ~CHMAnc.

    fe~-eI'\E'f'o..toY".

    '\VE~ DATA:

    .
    r;::------~

    Regenerator

    ~Hh

    r-++----.,

    T I = 300 K
    PI = 100 kPa

    (AV"lj:: 5 Y\13/S

    tt. 7 J except: Yl,'" 11~ <. Jooo/o . .A-Is( leI- To <sook:


    /tN.4L.'l$1S: CO Vlsider the.. So. me so--Y"pJe co..lc.ultthoY' CAse a-s ,'", Prohlem 1.48
    ihaf is) >1~ : ~t :: 800/0 C\-XGL r-tr, ::: 8. ,he. n,u~ bered sf-afes Qre u-V1dtCtKljecl:

    ASsuMpnoNs: Sa me as

    Exo.~/4!.

    in

    h L -::. ~ 00.1 q

    k.:r ( ~

    ~1.. = cos .ie k..J"'

    rc..,

    ~~ :. t515,42 \c.J(~
    ~~ -; qtj 1.4 kr11c.s

    1~e. speci.f~c. e\l\+~c..lp~ k~

    vt(~:

    h x - l11.

    Fo r f'l.-te Y~e.~erator:
    (o..) Th~

    fot,\.~ ~\-Ii\j +~ re.j~",eV"C\.tD(' e-Hec.+w~~ess

    :::i> ~x:: V\.rer,C

    k"t-l-t'1..

    ltt~,=

    'lS

    y-h'2.) +~2.::: tlIl/.I" k.J"/kj

    0 = (h)( -l.tz.) .,.. (

    h ~ - J., 'I). -rkw

    itt" - (h)c-~lo) :. "SlA2lcJ"lk~

    +hevV\l\Ctl e+f{c.i-e",,~ is
    Vl = 1- h\1-~' :. O.~(,4 (3b.~0/o)
    h'l-

    )C

    (b) Cc) A~ +ke Ylu.tv\b~,..ecA. s-ltl"ies 6...re lk\l\cLv;..~tj~c(,) +l1.e. b~vk.. worlr:.. ratl"D ~
    tl.-te power'" J..-eve\"p'e& o.,r-e. +~ s~~e. . t:ts ik Proble,V\14/-f6 1Vtu.~) reter +0
    f~e p\ok \L.-\ ?rob\eM ~J.{8 tor-- 6wr C\.~ W~c-\~ .

    (0\, fOr fL.te reJeVleycJ.o'(") 11- ~ 1 ~~ ~tyvc.h&\A. ~


    Ed.::' To <T(~ : . To m [( ~')(- 52-) t' (S~ - S~)1
    .-

    ::. To

    L( S;- t;.; )-

    _ ~o

    ().. 0/p7.. +( -;- S;> -R jJ<A r~/t'~ J

    I ~+-e-V'pc)lol:h~5 i\.4. Tah\e A-2.1.; 5;: 2.82748 JeTIlc."j'I< 0lMd S'j,: 25277'. Ft'OtvI
    S z0 ~ 2 .40 S~ 3 ~ s:. =2.9 II (,f. TkuS, I.o;.u< ~ ~ S.Bo, k.../
    s
    -~

    Pf'olole V)I\ 'Li 6 j

    =(, S.".,.

    t:~1

    Ie.'vJ

    "'I r~
    ~ +tu. V'~u.wg,J plots

    T~e. c;(,~

    sx = s_hP("Air", hx.pz)
    hy = h4 - (hx - h2)
    sy = s_hP("Air", hy, p1)

    IT Code
    p1 = 100 IlkPa
    T1 = 300 11K
    p21 p1 = rp
    rp 8
    p3 p2
    T3 = 1400 II K
    p4 p1
    AV1 = 5 II m 3/s
    efCt = 0.8
    efCc = 0.8
    eft_reg 0.8
    To 300 /I K

    mdot = AV11 v1
    v1 = v_TP("Air",T1,p1)
    Wdotnet = mdot * h3 - h4) - (h2 - h1
    eta = Wdotnet I (mdot * (h3 - hx
    bwr = (h2 - h1) I (h3 - h4)
    Edot_reg = To * mdot * sx - s2) + (sy - s4

    =
    =
    =

    rr, Ct.S ~ lLow~ ~

    ~re &bk.u.~~ tASl"'j

    IT Results for rQ = 8, Ug = u! = 0.8


    h 1 = 300 kJ/kg
    h2 = 605.1 kJ/kg
    h2s = 544.1 kJ/kg
    h3 = 514 kJ/kg
    h4 = 990.8 kJ/kg
    h4s = 859.9 kJ/kg
    h, = 913.6 kJ/kg
    h, = 682.2 kJ/kg
    YJ = 0.3636
    bwr = 0.5828

    h1 = h_T("Air", T1)
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    szs = s_hP("Air", h2s, p2)
    s2s = s1
    h2 h1 + (h2s - h1) I eft_c
    s2 = s_hP("Air", h2, p2)

    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3, p3)
    s4s s_hP("Air", h4s, p4)
    s4s = s3
    h4 = h3 - (h3 - h4s) * eft_t
    s4 = s_hP("Air", h4, p4)
    hx = eft_reg * (h4 - h2) + h2

    = 1268 kW

    = 65.37 kW

    cycle

    d, reg

    'PLoTS :
    500 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.7

    YJc = YJt = 100%

    0.6

    400
    0.5
    ~

    0.4

    300
    OJ
    Q)

    0.3

    ..., 200

    YJc

    0.2

    =YJt =70%

    "C

    YJc = YJt = 100%


    YJc = YJt < 100%
    (values overlap)

    100
    0.1
    0
    2

    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20

    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20

    A r-l!'jen-era.for IS 1i1C{)rpor~ed 11-11-0 -+l-te ~cle o? Problem t:Iff.


    Plot (6.) t~e. he4..t v..d.cLi-hoY\ ~ u.ni+ mu~s8f o.w- flawly.j CXM-d.

    KNOWN:
    E..llHl:

    (b) +l-t~ tl-te rmp--( (.ff.ic,'e,Y1clj, efAClA. vers,LS ~eYle('a'h:Jr- ePf-ec.five.ness


    va.r~(J1g.fh:>m 0 to J.

    5CttMATI,

    G-lveN DA-TA:

    ------

    ,
    .... -- _I

    .s

    n;.
    -

    fi

    1~c..-.'

    Compressor

    Turbine

    -r;:: ~CiO I<

    See E><afll1'{J ie: q. 7.

    145SVMPil ON S:

    '"

    w::==t>
    cycle

    n~::.

    .,

    num be ...~d sta.fes qre -rk. saMe A.t ik P",bkt\lt '1:'1 '1. 1ku.s
    t-t. ::: )"~O,(b (c.~/J:.~ ~2.= "'23.~4 ) h)= tS IS..i 2 , h'f:: 84.3.08
    Co~.sider +he s~mrl.c O'?e. ef .11~::ole. i~e '5pec..iFic. el;\+hAlp'j h,.. is fotJ.,'kl..

    1rlVA=/.,vSl$'. Thfl

    (,(Jlf,\q the

    :.

    YeJj~",e,ra.to1 ~e.c+W~es:s j

    ~(~ tl(:_~~'L
    froM ~V\ eV\e.\"~'j

    h~ :::

    0/\

    1.-

    =I>

    h)(:: n..r"-(.~(~\i-""~) +~1-

    lDo14Mc.e
    ~lC) + ~"t

    ::: ''Itl Z '3 Ic.:rH:j

    O""V\ +~ Y~~.eV\eKa.~
    ::. (P191 ,t,'\

    k.:r/"-j

    1i1e h~.~ ~cA.etlt L;m ye-r u.~t ~<i.S ~~ tt.vr flo-wL~5 I~


    G\""/~:. h~-h)( :.'1l&.2 kJ'/~
    (6) -r~e fl..levM&t\ e-C+lc.i.eV\Oj is.
    (A)

    ~;:::

    ~'j -lA,

    \ - h _h
    :\

    :. 0.41:3

    (41,"3 Plo:

    )(

    Tk~ cA~+~ toY' fu y~u.\,y-e4 r\ots a.V'~ olo+o-l",~el uSliAj IT J ec S


    IT Code
    T1 = 290 II K
    p2 I p1 = 12
    p1 = 100 II Assume p1 100 kPa
    II
    (actual value doesn't matter)
    p3 = p2
    T3 = 1400 II K
    p4 p1
    eta_c 0.9

    =
    eta_t =0.9

    eta_reg = 0.8
    h1 h_T(nAirn, T1)
    s1 = s_TP(nAirn, T1, p1)
    s2s s_hp(nAir n,h2s,p2)

    =
    =

    to (lows '.

    s2s = s1
    h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1) I eta_c
    h3 h_T(nAirn, T3)
    s3 s_TP(nAirn, T3, p3)
    s4s s_hp(nAirn,h4s,p4)
    s4s = s3

    =
    =
    =

    h4 = h3 - (h3 - h4s) * eta_t


    hx = eta_reg * (h4 - h2) + h2
    hy = (h2 - hx) + h4
    Qdot I mdot = (h3 - hx)
    mdot = 1 II Assume a unit mass flow
    rate.
    eta = 1 - (hy - h1) I Qdot

    IT Results for Urgg

    =0.8

    h1 = 290 kJ/kg
    h2 = 623.7 kJ/kg
    h2s = 590.3 kJ/kg
    h3 = 1514 kJ/kg
    h4 = 842.4 kJ/kg
    h4s = 767.8 kJ/kg
    h, 798.7 kJ/kg
    h, = 667.4 kJ/kg
    II = 0.4725
    Q. / rn = 715.5 kJ/kg

    In

    900

    0.6 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    800
    0.5
    700
    Oi

    600

    500

    .::t:.
    ........

    0.4
    ~

    0.3

    400

    ........

    c:

    0'- 300

    0.2

    200
    0.1
    100
    0

    0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

    o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

    llreg

    llreg

    Tke. V\~~ ~~

    l'lAP",-*,

    e--Ic.~w~ lll\tf.(."':5es

    c(<.c..r~4ses ~S 1.1("~-+

    0..$

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    flNQ:

    r~,elllernfc,r

    "'' 'e.

    is iV\corporo.,.teJ i"'f-o

    ~e. c.ljc/e

    f;J+-

    ProbleM q. 50.

    Plor (~)
    +herm41 efftctt:-nc!j c",,\..d: (1,) the. per.uld dec~e. ~
    J1eo.:t AAcUf-,oVl 1 etA.C~ v~V"Su.s r.~eneV'aJo .... eUecA-lve~.ss mn~inj

    from

    SC/JEMMl C.

    tt> I.

    "VEA) 1)4.TA :

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    YI

    Regenerator

    r l I - - - -......

    ~:I'f
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    I
    ,~'1;

    .s
    ~5SUMenONS: see E)(~1'l"ple. Q,1

    \J;,

    l\c.a.~:;

    ),:, f

    ....,

    :-<>

    "--t'" . 81
    We", LIe. :: 5 "-10' o4/~

    T,: 52.0~

    Turbine -

    ttN4VJ~IS: COJ1$LG-(er +he samp/< t:A.e of '1.r~ cO.78. The. n (A.J'1I\b~reGt .s-fa:/es
    t\t"'e. fhe SClrn t:5 i", Y+obktn q.sO. 'ttcus
    ~,:: /24/.27 I31Ilb J '2. -:. zszn,
    (,Vs'7BJ hlj = 35fo.57

    "'if::

    The spcific. eyt+~(p':1 h)c is tou.~ u"i.t9 +tte. re.ljener-cdc , e.f.(:ecJlvevwess j


    . ~ = hx- h2,
    ,_
    _
    r~~
    h "l- l.1'L ~ Yl'\( - ~r.e.~ Ch'f- ~'L.) i- Lt'L. - 3/2. 53 .8~/lb
    From an eke~C1

    bl4{CVKCC.

    tm the.

    ~.elller4fc>"'"

    h'j '= Ck-z.- ~lC) +- '4- ':: 3lJ6.8


    (D.)

    8kttll,

    The HteYWlt.d eU(~le)l\~ i..s


    tA 1ttJ\-l."
    _
    01
    rL- 1- ~
    h -O.~'18 ('3<i~8/o1
    3- )(

    (b) The

    perce Jot-t decrease i V\ ~tlo...t ~J.etlt "011\ j~


    1Dc(ec.~S"e = (l-t)-~"'-23:~~\3-~lC) XlOO = I,-/.I'io

    Th~ ~ ~(" +h-e rt'6 u.~~~ plo+.s

    G\fe.

    olo~llAeJ us I~3

    l TJ

    ,a .faLlo w

    S" :

    IT Code
    p1 = 14 Illbf/in?
    T1 = 520 II OR
    p2 I p1 = 14
    p3 p2
    T3 = 2500 II OR
    p4 = p1
    eta_c = 0.83
    eta_t = 0.87
    eta_reg 0.78

    h1 = h_T("Air", T1)
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)

    s2s = s_hP("Air", h2s, p2)


    s2s s1
    h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1) I eta_c
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3, p3)
    s4s = s_hP("Air", h4s, p4)
    s4s = s3
    h4 = h3 - (h3 - h4s) * eta_t
    hx = eta_reg * (h4 - h2) + h2
    hy = h2 - hx + h4
    eta = 1 - (hy - h1) I (h3 - hx)
    pct = (h3 - h2) - (h3 - hx) I (h3 - h2 * 100

    IT Results forUI!ill = 0.78


    h 1== 124.3 Btu/lb
    h2 292.8 Btu/lb
    h2s = 264.2 Btu/lb
    h3 = 644.9 Btu/lb
    h4 = 356.2 Btu/lb
    h4s = 313 Btu/lb
    n, 342.2 Btu/lb
    hy 306.7 Btu/lb
    % difference = 14.04
    11 = 0.3975

    =
    =

    0.5 - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    0.4

    0.3

    0.2

    0.1

    0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

    11 reg
    20 - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    15
    Q)

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    ...

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    "0

    10

    0~

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    0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

    11 reg

    ~OBLEK 'l.S":!
    kNcc.otoJ

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    Pz

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    k;rl~
    ~We ,
    T 3 -=- \ 'Z.O~'" '=t> ~ OS :. ~, -\2''', 'let I rr:,s = ry , "1. 3 $",0
    5W*e Lt Pr'i =(Py/p)) r.. 3 :. he
    ='10".85 L:.J"/~
    T~~ work. ~t-"e.l&pecA b~ eDI.~ s~ is
    W..", l..:va : h.- \.,~ :. 3 G:> 5 (,8 Ie. ~ {~4III!4t-----------W4:.1.. I .v. ~ h3-~" : 370.Q't Ic.;rl~ "'~f---------'------"~
    1>"...z. = (f'a,{ p,)

    Pr"'l

    '=

    MHll1=t>

    * "..

    (A.)

    (b) f'Of"

    ~ Y~~+~r

    Q,j", _
    ~

    (c.) 'To d.~teV"VW\''''(l.

    h~ I

    Co. c;

    \'\3-~'I. -

    ~ tl O\,U S

    ( " "1

    \"L".1~ -

    -1

    2 ,[ 1 ) ':.

    IL-

    3615,1 ~'J" 'J""'''~----~';';';

    fu wo~ -tor o..~'\~\~ ~~e o~ e}(,p"'M~\~, J.~~~\-lt\4t.

    f '('0. = (ret. h\) fr I -::. I q .e ;3 -=t> h~ ':


    \N("", -:: ("\-~\::. b3'1,2.1 k."'t{~

    038 .5'B

    k.~ (~

    ( 3(, '5. b B t- 310.'tY) - 19 3 tt ,21


    10 1~C..
    "3Q,2'
    X1DO::. /5. 2 %...
    41""----~-

    'j-JOD

    r-~eaJ in P robler q.6 I


    wifk fwhllAe.. ~tje. effic.;eVlc.ies less Tha.1I\ JODo~.

    The fwo-

    /4JOuJN:
    FlrJp~

    >t9'ij<Z. +UYDLWz,

    plo+ (().) the. tv<'rlc.


    f/Ae reheAf p"oce(s

    wt-l-lA

    d.~"IlU>ped

    by e4c4

    'S~.e..)(2.)

    is

    fke het:<.t~)JSf.crfo.;

    tor

    ~ Cc.) the. pY'cel1.t /nc.rea.s:c.. ,.1'\ work.


    -f/uz..
    -hao- G~e fu,ylolke. wi.fh rek~t COMpa-fed 10 a sl~/e e.XfClIl1SIO""-J fa,e o ci efHc,elllCtj J CNk.Cl furit1krlS~c. fre~u"'es rco'5'11j .prDM 100.JO 'zooJr&-....
    J

    .$Cff8!1Anc 6

    See.

    rewKsider"d

    soll.\.h~

    -r

    l?A-T.:'r:

    6) LVEN

    +0

    .3

    Pfolo(M q. ~I; {'err

    sckef'\I\t\.tl G
    II

    ~enf)Afs : (t ) a.dl umlYol vof.u~e is aJf


    ~ sw.fe .(;).) 7hQ 1uYtn'vtes ~ro:te. .

    if'S

    fa.

    ~tAba+ica{{~.(3) {(I ""eft" ~ pOfeKflt>.l


    el1er9~ el+ec~ ~V\ ~.e. HeB1ec:fed..(J./ J rite
    WOr1t.I"'q -?{l(.l.d I~ ().r as ~J'\ l4~{,~.

    MfALY5IS: fO~'lde'" +iAe 5Ctrnpl-e


    <?~U of- tk fn~c~(). ( $:dE"~ :

    va. ries frOl11


    fo tzoo ~f>c...

    100

    of f,. =350k POl.. o.l'\Ol k..t ~ h~"Lo -:

    CI).!'e

    0.8 .

    Flxln1

    5tcc.le L: PrDbk m q."I: T, :.Iz.c?ok. ) hi -.:. 12,"7.10, k.;rl~

    S~.. W;+~ hL S

    kz, -::
    h:3 ':.

    5tr#eJ:

    (t:\)

    / "'"

    <:f

    .lDl, c-Iot.d vSt,A9

    +ka. tu.r-b,':;'e-e~c.;ev~

    q85.),5 fc.j lies

    -:

    11. ~7. iCJ k::f I ~

    hLf:: h3- ~f2.(t., 3- k Y.s) 181. 0'1 kJ"/~


    F:slkj,j h4-:: h, - rt-f, ( h,-l-las) = 7'~.lj2 ~.:::JI k~

    :: Q06. B S

    ''''is = fD38.58

    ProhleM

    The ,VOrk. J.eve,{opeJ. by

    Wt.

    u frO'M

    ~ \ - l'lt (1.,\ \- ~ 'Z. S \

    S.f<Ak?y ~ Wi+~ h'f S


    ~;{e. 0.. ~

    qt 2.

    eA.efA

    1cJ'"1~ j

    staqe

    h\- \".,. :.. Z &f 2.5' &1

    e,

    (5)

    respec:I-L'vd:::J

    '(1' /J<.,

    Wt"f./-M :. \.t3-\-r'( :;2.'ib.1S ~r/~


    lb) For the

    c:~
    (C)

    r'.ehea.ter
    =.

    h 3-k1.. :

    For u)M-pa.risof\

    w/~ ~
    Df

    ,/If)

    rhe. plet~

    -10

    h,- 1.,,,

    '(.

    111\ ("~se.

    ;1..~l.S4- k:::rJ~

    ::.

    A.

    ,sIM';7le ~J-f/"'e percefA.f ,~Gr-e!"e;1I\

    wo-rlc. is

    = SlI. 3 7 kj/~

    ('2,.Ql.SCot +"2-'~.1S) -

    su.s t

    51 t.?>1

    lOo ::.

    ie.:

    0/
    io

    ke')Ct !~.e SkOLU how ~clA >t these ~~lAk+les


    vGtY'<1 Co l+'" 11I1+e,Y"st~e... 'Pressure. for Q..C<.c.tA of- flAre.. eH.i~,ew:~ "CAlMes.
    }Jo{.e. ~t ~ ~ CA...\;rve.. Is t\~~d.~ ~ ~ ~/o 'IA~ 1V\ wor~)
    stt.tce the e~ieielil~ valu.e C{UA.c..e(s out if -t~ 5ClMe. \/Cd.tAe. i.s ltS~
    for e.CA.ck s~.

    nu. d...oJ-(A

    oll\. +11e.

    foy

    tk (~U.l(eJ pI ok vsexe:

    ob~a.J
    1-/0/

    lA-S1 ~~ IT I

    as to LluW$ :

    IT Code
    Wdots I mdot = h1 - ha
    sas s_hP("Air", has, p4)
    sas s1
    ha = h1 - (h1 - has) * eta_t
    pct = (Wdot1 + Wdot2) - Wdots) IWdots) * 100

    =
    =

    p1 1200 II kPa
    T1 1200 II K
    p2 = 350 /I kPa
    T3 = 1200 /I K
    p3 = p2
    p4 = 100 II kPa
    eta_t = 0.6

    =
    =

    IT Results for TIt

    h1 = h_T("Air", T1)
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    s2s s_hP("Air", h2s, p2)
    s2s = s1
    h2 h1 - (h1 - h2s) * eta_t
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    s3 s_TP("Air", T3, p3)
    s4s = s_hP("Air", h4s, p4)
    s4s = s3
    h4 = h3 - (h3 - h4s) * eta_t

    =0.8

    h 1 = 1277 kJ/kg
    h2 = 984.9 kJ/kg
    h2s = 911.9 kJ/kg
    h3 = 1277 kJ/kg
    h 4 = 980.8 kJ/kg
    h4s = 906.7 kJ/kg
    h, = 768.7 kJ/kg
    has = 641 .7 kJ/kg

    =
    =
    =

    W 1m = 292.2 kJ/kg
    t1

    W 1m = 296.3 kJ/kg
    t2

    Wdot1 I mdot = (h1 - h2)


    Wdot2 I rndot = (h3 - h4)
    mdot 1 II Assume a unit mass flow rate.
    QdoUn I mdot = h3 - h2

    Q. /rn

    In

    = 292.2

    kJ/kg

    % increase = 15.77

    riors :
    700 - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    isentropic eficiency= 100%
    ~ isentropic efficiency = 80%
    600
    -+- isentropic efficiency = 60%

    ]l

    -~

    E
    '<,......

    500

    700
    600
    500

    OJ
    ~

    400

    300

    400

    300

    '$200

    '$- 200

    100

    100

    isentropic efficiency = 100%


    isentropic efficiency = 80%
    -+- isentropic efficiency = 60%
    -

    o+----r-,--,.-----,-,.----r-,---,----,r-...,.-----j

    o-t----r-,---,-----,,--,---,-,----,----,--.-"""""l

    100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9001 ooc 1on 200

    100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9001 ooe 1001200

    P2 (kPa)

    P2 (kPa)

    16 - , - - - - - = : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    700 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    600

    isentropic efficiency = 100%


    isentropic efficiency = 80%
    -+- isentropic efficiency = 60%
    -

    14

    12

    OJ

    500

    400

    c:

    300

    ro

    E
    -- c:

    10

    Q)

    '"
    Q)

    t>

    c:

    200
    100

    o-+---r--,----...--...----,----r-..,----,--r--.-"~

    100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9001 ooc 1001200

    P2 (kPa)

    o-t----r-,---,.-----,-,.----r-,---,----,,-...,.-~

    100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9001 ooc 1 on 200

    P2 (kPa)

    9-/02.

    A fwo - stQ.~~, fu+'b"n~_ wHo"" y-ekecd- ~ <!>pertdes


    Epec.tf, c.~(;h~s,

    KNDWN:

    Gt s~ ~f.te

    Sl\.ow ~t +Ivz. ~ct..";M~~ wovk. i s J.e"e,(,gpd ,,~~ fLL P~~S$uJc


    YQ.tLo'CoS -IU Sa.lWl.- ~ e~d.\ fi~,
    ~,
    '<t

    E 'Nt> :

    "LVE tJ M-TA.=

    SC H'6MA-nc.

    " T,:'

    ~i~

    Tp

    ~~

    ,I~'
    , ,
    --.=--::--_-_-1_1
    rz .)\

    p. ~ T,
    "'SSU""PTI0tJS~

    (I)

    i=o..di\. c..o~POll\Q.(A.~

    .s

    1.-

    is <l.\'\.t.\.l'1T.eA

    (U.

    (l..COn.+ro'

    \l'OLu..MCl.

    o..T s~

    ~\ok. (2.) Th~ tuNbt~~ e~si.Ol\.s. t,tye. lS~tr~tG ,(3) ThCf'6S no rrefoSUKe 4rop
    tkt'O"'1~ ~ ~.eAA.(CA.te.v- ~ ~ t~~(l.~eS o.t ikA 1\M'b,~e iV\\~ts arCl. ~\.\.M,

    ("\) "'\I\t.hC. ~~
    t\uUl

    fc*Oo\.M( ~e~'dY ~(.Us -feo ne, UCft\"\~. (5) Tke wor\i;~


    as Q.V\ idWl <a t4S wH~ <:.cM,ta.~.:l: 't cw.&. k ,

    (.$ eL\Y'" 'W\octe\d

    A-NAl-'1S\~'. T\\.e t~;,,~ l.UO(~ cle,,,4Lop~ ~

    t : (h,- h~) +-(~

    \J- 'n~) :

    t<"T,-\0..) + (Tb- T1.)]

    ""i~ T,:. TlD

    W; ':

    CoD
    ,

    L1.T, - T..- rv] ::.

    for +~ \SW\~l(' elrfOoV\.siCMS


    J5d
    '!!. ':.
    k.
    ~
    ,..,
    P\

    (P:' )

    ~,
    W~/-M

    e, T,

    e:
    ,. T,

    2. -

    !!::
    Tb

    '[g,
    T t

    13:]
    T,

    T2.
    T,

    kd-

    L1. - (f~) - ~ )-y J

    To ~~P\\"'e. +k~ ,,~~c;s~ Pi. ~t ~I~iu.s ~ iotc&) forM ~


    c.leK"W~nve.
    ,

    ?l.~~~) ~ - cpT, (~,:l)l(:~.)-~(t) +(~yt:(_ ~~~1

    '~-'!'T. (~)( t.l l~)l!f: - t!'~) ~:

    Fa r 0 <'Wi.t ~) -::. 0
    oz>y"

    =t>

    P.>~ ~~cJL;~ ~ ~CdNl.

    r c: :.!!:
    ,.,
    r:
    d.ef'\vedi,ve.

    it-

    'OIl!~t--------------

    CD.."'-

    be. vef'\tie.,( t1f.o:t ik -\O~\.

    -\v..tt~\~e. \A,)o~ \ ( ~ ~l~\.\.\A.\.

    Q-lo3

    The retjeVlen:ttwe c.~cle of problem".54 is VYtocl.,.'f.e.d


    fwo - s.+~e -fuvft,ill\e.. {pifh r:el1eevt.

    '<,yQWN:

    Coltsrr(;ld-

    fiok l{

    ((1)

    f/;te +hermcd etfu-ie~

    To il1clud.e ~

    f.j (b) fhe bM:.k teo r"k.

    rofio) a.k.d. (c) +he "l1e:f..powert!e velvpea ?br eAcfA ef. ~. ~I've)f\
    C4~ressor ~ -fturbl~~ eft.LcleHC iec versus &. y().11.5. Q t
    coYt1>~~.sor pY'"es~uf"e ra:tl~.

    Scy.6t\1ATLC

    E 'lVAJ

    DMA:

    -T

    ).looK

    t1ssv(V!enONS: S().m~ a.4 l'~ f.:~::,(Mti\ple


    1 :7, uc.ept "t, -: J1~, -:n,,- ~ I~oo/.

    ANA<.'iSfS: (!{n1sid.e.r -tl-t.e.. SGtrtle; $A.Yl'f.Je


    Cp.(c"lrphm
    CA.' e (LS iJ.1 Probk.t'\1 CJ'SLJ:J

    Wl""~ JIJ,- '= Lilt. -= ~z. : o. 8 ~ p,,1 P, :: B.


    The t<P L1c:>wi WJ sWes C\.V"(' u~d,..C(~1ec:(:
    Itt l -:: 30o.l ~ kJ" I~
    ltl"l..: &C>S.l B

    ~3= lSIS.42

    Sjo.1e.

    P3 / P(J.. ~. P"/ P" =t> r~.:: 28;2 ''':. A-L~o P""ec. =:

    'L:

    \';\"s::' 114t5.e.Wl4-~-\he. fu,"\Pt",e

    Sffi.fek.: Tb -: T;S -: It.iDC Ie-. hb

    ':;.

    (Pet! ~ =.ISq. '18. Tk.M$


    eu..lc.,ell\"'1~ h~: h3-(h3-~S)h.-t"1-:12lq:1 I<..J/~
    P(3

    IS I S. 'i 2. 1c~/~

    h:l::'

    Sfede liS ~ P.. .&ts -=. Pb ('rlffp",) :: ISq. 28 ~ ht5 =. l.1 4 s :: tt4S.6 kJ"'/~.~,Wl't-~
    fV-eo tu-v\ollA~ e-idel.-\~j ~4 ~ h~ ~ 121'1'7 ~/~.
    ~Q. spQ.c..if~c. ~V\tke,~Ptj

    h)<':.

    lAx i-s

    "Lr~ (\,ly,-h'1-) -4;~L. '::

    A-vui J t\J'~M.v;()b 11\8

    ('A) 1l1~+II\~V'V\'\ttl e4lc.i-eV\~

    (b)

    :.

    72.8.08

    kJ"/~

    is;

    (I\~-1.1).

    :.

    h ')- ~)( ) +(h h .. he..)

    ik \oo.d<.. wok.
    'oWV'":'

    (C)

    k::r/~

    h~

    ~~:: k~ - (~x - h~~

    "t'" l-

    lD'Ib.8

    0.'101 ('10.1 "!oj

    rwtLO lS

    (ltl1c-~0

    ::. 0.5151

    .:t( h 3 -h~ )

    'AU pow~ cJ.~<2top~& btd fu. ~ 1A ~ ~


    W~ -=''Wt.. ~W~1..-Wc. =. rh [(~3-k4.\+ {h",-h 4 1- (hz.-lt,)]

    The

    W~~ ~

    5.~01 ~ls .from pl"e'bt-eM. q


    W~ :. I toto 3.11 kW

    Tk~ ~

    fov- .f1...t

    e,

    S't,

    V"'~ t-t,VreJ pLots ~V'. obJ.eu'qeJ u.s I ~j

    q.. IO+

    L'r, C<..S

    kJ 1A...o()J.s; :

    IT Code
    h3 = h_T(lAir", T3)
    s3 = s_TP(lAir", T3, p3)
    p3 I pa = pa I p4
    sas = s_hP(lAir", has, pa)
    sas = s3
    ha = h3 - (h3 - has) * eft t
    Tb = T3
    hb = h_T("Air", Tb)
    sb = s_TP(lAir", Tb, pa)
    s4s = s_hP(lAir", h4s, p4)
    s4s = sb
    h4 = hb - (hb - h4s) * eft t
    hx = eft_reg * (h4 - h2) .;-h2
    hy = h4 - (hx - h2)

    p1 = 100 II kPa
    T1 = 300 II K
    p2 I p1 = rp
    rp 8
    p3 = p2
    T3 = 1400 II K
    p4 = p1
    AV1 = 5 II m3/s
    efU = 0.8
    efCc= 0.8
    eft_reg = 0.8
    To = 300 II K

    h1 = h_T("Air", T1)
    s1 =s_TP(lAir", T1, p1)
    52s = S_hP(lAir", h25, p2)
    52s = 51
    h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1) I eft_c
    52 = s_hP(lAir", h2, p2)

    mdot = AV1 I v1
    v1 = v_TP("Air",T1,p1)
    Wdotnet = mdot * h3 - ha) + (hb - h4) - (h2 - ht)
    eta = Wdotnet I (mdot * h3 - hx) + (hb - ha)
    bwr = (h2 - h1) I h3 - ha) + (hb - h4

    IT Results for rQ = 8, TIl< = TIt = 0.8


    h 1 = 300 kJ/kg
    h2 = 605.1 kJ/kg
    h2s = 544.1 kJ/kg
    h3 = 1514 kJ/kg
    h4 = 1219 kJ/kg
    h4s = 1145 kJ/kg
    h, = 1219 kJ/kg
    has = 1145 kJ/kg
    hb = 1514 kJ/kg
    hx = 1096 kJ/kg
    hy = 727.8 kJ/kg
    11 = 0.4005
    bwr = 0.5163

    plOr.s \
    0.6
    0.5
    0.4 ~

    0.3
    0.2

    cycle

    0.1

    = 1660 kW

    0
    2

    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20

    ------.-----

    rp

    0.9

    4000

    0.8

    3500

    0.7

    3000

    0.6

    ....
    ~

    isentropic efficiencies
    isentropic efficiencies
    isentropic efficiencies
    isentropic efficiencies

    0.5

    = 100%
    = 90%
    = 80%
    = 70%

    2500

    2000

    0.4

    >.

    0.3

    'So 1500

    0.2

    1000

    0.1

    500

    0
    2

    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20

    rp

    10

    12
    rp

    1-/D5

    14

    16

    18

    20

    PRo13VEM 'I, 6 S"


    /t.1i.Q(JJIJ:

    A fwo-s+Me. ~rb,i-1e.

    wifl1

    r.e-h~t (Jf'l'rcJe.s at ~

    sfttfe u.nclev

    sptlcif.Je d Cbrtditl(31'\~.
    FIND',
    $how +hett ft-,e. '1'1"\.O'1(tMlM'YI fo~{ work owI-/p uk- is a~,necJ w'elA...
    fltte. pre.ssu-re. ro,til> is fhe ~n-te. acro S5 e~cZt sh""je,
    SC6f6J!1Mlc.

    '1

    i
    T

    VSAJ

    PArA::
    _..,.'~_~:.....

    Reheat
    combustor

    .s

    p,) T,
    P,.
    ASSUMPTiONS: (t) The +urb/~e sta.~e..s ttY'-. ana./~ zeel as co",,-Jrol V~wmes ak
    s+eA.d~ sft;t1e, (2..) T/A~ e~a.I'lSI"Y\ 1'. ....oce.'ses Q,~ iselll.+ ~ori<... (3) fc.. :: Plo =Pc:
    (L/-) T, =T b ) (5) K,~ehc. ~I'\d g'(!}fenfla.{ -etle~~ ef.lecfs ar-e ".f.IIi~ible,
    (~) The kJork,"'tj -II u.,.L.d. is ai r med.e- led e:tS tn idea) 3o...r wi f-l; Cl>~frtt\:t.

    speci.fLc t1ecds,
    ANM"yS1S: The folAI -furl:)I~e. work. ev..fpu;f per I.<.Mt

    ::

    ~, i- ~.

    (h'J -

    h~ \ ... ( hb - h

    :=

    c.,., [(T,-T~)

    :=

    c, T, [( I -

    n1&l1""

    2.)

    t (Tb- T~)J

    ~ 1 + (~ _ 13-)1
    T.
    T,
    T" 1

    sf ().irflow

    is

    KNQ().?N: A-l'Y" is (,()'\.oipr"~SS.ec.( IV. tA. -tWC-Sf-a.je. COM p".esso r wiHI\ J"iifercool/~
    ~.twe.eV1 fhe sl-0-9.s. 0fltr'Yl+'~9 pressu~S tAk.c1.J.ew..pe-ralul'f!s a.r.tZ

    9 Wf.tt.

    the..

    power-fo ru ... +he Co~pY"eS50r ak.ci. c.aYtA.fdte -Ifus


    10 -the pow.er rtfj.,v.;w-e.d for ise~fnJpiG c.ompr-es5lc,lo'\ froth tktL s~mC2.
    ;Jlflet sta-te -10 fl1l ~amefill\t4( ~r-essu.rt! .

    'Def.efMIV\e

    elNQ:

    .J.

    Sc HEM-ATI C.

    'L IIGIJ p4rA ~

    if,

    Compressor

    Compressor

    stage

    stage

    r- __1
    I
    I
    I
    I

    Pj

    =
    =

    1
    300 K
    100 kPa

    ~ ,r\ :: 10 tv.) /WI ilA

    100 kPa

    lL

    ~L---

    Sa.m~

    AS$UMPTLQNS:

    as ;1-1

    ANaLYStS: FlY-sf) .ft" eAdll

    staie. (: T, = 300 k.

    ::::!;>

    Qaut

    Exo..1kple

    of fhe.

    '1.'.

    prt'vtc~tc.I.s-kAfes (Talole 4-Z,2.).

    h, = 300,1'1 k:rl ~.) P,.., = J.38"0

    frc.~(PGIP,)rrt

    Sfa;fe.e.;

    It: p",-

    L!

    Tj
    PI

    P2 = 120C>

    =t>

    = Li.f3S1

    h c -:. lt 2'

    ,7 7 k.:r/l~

    hcl :: 300.tQ I,:r{lc.j P'-d = 1.38'00


    Sta:fe.2: P,,-z. = (P2./ Pc/. ) 'I'd ~ 1./,752 =:> h.2. =1..11.1,21 k::r/~
    T~ e m~ss -Plo w ",,,de is
    sta:fe.cl~ Tel -:: T, :: 300l< =;>

    ~ ::0\ V-), E!. :.


    I<T,

    TJh.e.

    CCl\,A.p (,~>Sor

    (10

    "",3/M"~)( leo kPA)

    ,.. I ""'I~

    ( 8 .~l4 lc.:r )(3~OJc:.) "0 .s


    ".8.'1 ""'1<

    III

    .'

    NI~"l..11
    k('"

    l
    10

    kJ"
    tJ'M

    I::

    . 0./Q36

    :1/.S

    rower is

    We. :. we, + Wc."l. = ~ (hc.-~t) + ~ ("'1..- h", )


    =~.1'13" ~5 \(Lf1.~.-l1::

    3t90,let)

    k"J"I'
    ,+ (0' 1~~")('12."1,21-300, ,~).
    fc:., 1 k~
    k.:r s

    2 S.oB' k.W t- ~ 4.13'11 Ic.W =. t.t'l.b8 ~W....

    \!lie..

    To fv~et +\.Ae. 1'0W~ ~ Sl~'e. .s~ez. ef- U>Mf~S'Sl~} ole.+e,O\I\lJ"e. h a ~s


    .foLlow~ '.

    lkus

    (p'2./ PI) 'Pr , :. L<'.b 32 =b- h3

    Pr3:'

    We

    ~ yV. (h~-lA,)

    rhQ" ~e.c,~.e.a.~e.

    \\1\

    0/ j
    /0 C.\tc..v~se

    ::.

    p0we-I{"

    =(oD.Lf

    =" to ,0S k::r/ ~

    kW

    Wl~ -\wo-~~e. J lV\t.e.noo\.e.J ~pr~ss~oV\ ....~

    hD.H -L.t'f."e
    ~I
    bO. II
    ~ tOO =-/7.3 S 10 ~

    9-/D7

    oforcJ.ue.f~
    Jh

    p~we.,..

    The +wo-sl-~e. cornp("es50~ wil-iIJ ,v,tercco{,itt!J il1 'Problem 9.b~ is


    recon s ;4e('ed wifl1 coM(>reSf>Or- GfAljfl e(+Lcie1l1c,fes less +hCV1 leoeto.
    plot -fhe (0.) p()wer '-VJpu.f +0 e.AC~ .sfo..qe.) (~) heAt 1t'a~sfer m-/e /-or
    the J;'" i-ercco I.e".} 0. J-td. (C.) perceuf dUr~se iVi fower -fer 1-vvO -s.J..a.']e.
    cornpresst"ol'\ toYlApdred &. su~,~/e c.om"r~ssl~ s~~J -for e&tCiA.

    KNOvJN:
    flND:

    e#Lc.leV1Gf:j value <jjwe ) aYld ~r ,'i-1tersf~e.. pressu.res ,.an~(Vq


    1tvm J ()C!) to 12.00 k.Pe-...
    s-

    SCHEMA-TIL
    -

    --

    <I 'LV.N
    g -

    D~ :

    See ~c:?tl(.Hon to P("%l-em


    sclA e, Mc~:hG .

    ,.

    't."6

    Of:>/o
    I1.c::f'O80/0
    0

    for

    ,"0

    of Pe-= Pet

    tke.

    h, =30o.'Q k.:f/kj

    ~:

    \N;"'",

    JOD~ Pc:: ~

    I
    I

    1'2.00

    kpo...

    ~ti-'
    '
    OD

    'e! =30ok

    T, =

    CFtobkrM,.&b)

    -fro"", 'Prolo'~m ct. G:>b) ~n&",c I i-\., -the. c.c)t11p~sso.Ill, + (~csl-" )/nc.t :. 4f92.'t" ,,:r/~

    he s ::. If z.CJ .71 k'J /Iuj

    -e~c.G,~~Gcj
    he.::'
    ;Ha,;fe 4.: hot = h I ~
    (0.) Ih~

    ~s

    rrlJ.1c.i F( s.~-ks,

    ~:

    "

    :!OI'\'SL(;,{er f'he sAMple cese,


    = 350 lc.p~ As-tJ t[c.,=l1c.1,= c.e.

    Fl)(l;"~ e<Ac~ of

    5tCt-ie, 2..~

    10
    .3s

    ASSUMPTLONS: .s~tl1e a..s I;" EX(A.MfI-e..


    q.~ I exc.epr ~C.I : Vlc,'1. ~ IQc:Jfo

    AN.4L'I51$:

    "fP
    \"

    300.lf:J

    k.\f /~

    l-tz.~:: '121.21 k::r/~

    power I~fwt- -fureAc{,.

    hz.:' hol + (}.,2S- hd.)/l1.~'Z. ::. '75'1.0


    S~1l is, -h-r W1 ;: O.ltt?>" b"/s
    j

    I<;J/~

    We.t :. ~(hc.-hl) :. 31.3" ,,"\AI

    Wc.s. :. ~ (~2.-lAe.t) :: 30:15 Ic.W


    a.lso
    .
    We.':' W(,,\ of. Wc.'L ::. Co 2. II k W
    (6) For f'ne lV\krc.oo I.e r

    G.
    (c.)

    OlA.t

    = \M Che.- ~ do)

    ::"31. 3" bW

    :P..e:t./l.'C'"m\Y\e. h~o..\ {.olLows~ \tt~s:'(,lO."S K.~(~ (frob'eMq'''').1~


    V\3 = n, + ('-';s - h Il/ttc. ::. (988.3 kJ/bj

    I~S

    W::'

    Wt ( h 3 - iA .) =? S, ILf k. W

    F.r\(All~

    f)fo

    aecfWoSe. ~

    75.14 - "2_ L(
    I
    -----J<
    DO
    15.("l

    :.

    17.3t.t %

    "'The plo+:S 0\.\ *\A~ ~ey;-t W~Q, s","ow kow e."-C~ o~ these ~UA",l-lties varies
    loitlA ,-V\+-erst~tl. 'Pre~su-(~ 1br ~~'" ~ ~~ e.-lc.\iV\c..~ v",l~. No+~ +~
    oV\l<j e~.e C.J(Vl2- f s h(lecle..d -for- +hR. -/0 clecV"~e. '-11\ power, ""fu-fj
    '5 t'~ ce ~ e t+-lC, leV\G<:j vt>..llAe. CAV\cels eW\- i (l ~~ $'~'Me. vAll.\,e., is lA.~~
    ..(by-sta-~ e,

    eP-C'"

    q-Lf)~

    PRO(3lE.M q. {,1 (CtMi 'd.)

    Ike. AAt~ -ftlf" f.\e ("t..1U.i:t-'e.J pLofs ctre olottLl~d ~ II,.!

    l T) C4~ .cellow~.

    ITCode
    p1 = 100 /I kPa
    T1 = 300 11K
    pc = 350 /I kPa
    pd = pc
    Td =T1
    p2 = 1200 /I kPa
    p3 = p2
    eta_c = 0.8
    AV1 = 10 /I m3/min
    h1 = h_T("Air", T1)
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    scs = s_hP("Air", hcs, pc)
    scs = s1
    hc = h1 + (hcs - h1) I eta_c
    hd = h_T("Air", Td)
    sd = s_TP("Air", Td, pd)
    s2s = s_hP("Air", h2s, p2)
    PLOT~

    ~
    ~

    IT Results for pI) = Pd = 350 kPa,


    TI9..1 = De? = 80%

    s2s sd
    h2 = hd + (h2s - hd) I eta_c
    s3s = s_hP("Air", h3s, p3)
    s3s = s1
    h3 = h1 + (h3s - h1) I eta_c
    mdot = (AV11 v1) * (1/60) II kg/s
    v1 = v_TP("Air",T1, p1)
    Wdotc1 = mdot * (hc - h1)
    Wdotc2 = mdot * (h2 - hd)
    Wdotc = Wdotc1 + Wdotc2
    Qdotout = mdot * (he - hd)
    Wdot = mdot * (h3 - h1)
    pct = Wdot - Wdotc) I Wdot) * 100

    c1

    = 30.76 kW

    = 31.37 kW

    c2

    out

    % decrease = 17.32

    110

    110

    100

    100

    90

    90

    80

    80

    70

    70

    60

    - - isentropic efficiency = 100%


    -A- isentropic efficiency = 80%
    --- isentropic efficiency = 60%

    60

    '0 50

    "5

    h 1 = 300 kJ/kg
    h2 = 458.9 kJ/kg
    h2s = 427.1 kJ/kg
    h3 = 688.2 kJ/kg
    h3s = 610.5 kJ/kg
    he= 462.1 kJ/kg
    hes = 429.7 kJ/kg
    hd = 300 kJ/kg
    m = 0.1936 kg/s
    W = 31.37 kW

    40

    '5

    50
    40

    30

    30

    20

    20

    10

    10

    0
    100

    300

    500

    700

    900

    1100

    100

    300

    Interstage pressure (kPa)

    110

    20

    100

    18

    14

    c:

    12

    70

    .::l

    900

    1100

    16
    .:x
    ....

    80
    ~

    700

    Interstage pressure (kPa)

    90

    500

    60

    Q)
    tJ)

    50

    Q)
    ....
    0

    40

    Q)

    "0

    30

    ;:F.

    20

    - - isentropic efficiency = 100%


    -A- isentropic efficiency = 80%
    ---- isentropic efficiency = 60%

    10
    0
    100

    300

    500

    700

    900

    Interstage pressure (kPa)

    1100

    10
    8
    6
    4
    2 0
    100

    300

    500

    700

    900

    Interstage pressure (kPa)

    1100

    KNOW~~

    Alr- i.~ c..o~p't"e.Ci6~ ~+ S~ sfak ill\ ~ lwo-S+Cl.4Je.. CO~I"eS~o""


    witlA. iV\~cool""s bth.ue,t.V\ ~ !>T01~s. Ore("Q.t'r\~ pC-eS\"",feS Cl~

    -te~~~S C4W"~ ~ow~.

    De\-e,.W\.\II\e.

    (6..)

    tl-.L

    CO~p("~->~ot'" s.~e.
    SC,lieMA;[lc.. (,we.y

    powQ.f" -.~ ~~t ~sfet'" r4l.+e. ~ ~lI.clA

    ciMA (II tlu. '",\-e.-c.oo&er h~Cl,t tr~"sofev- ro.ie.

    'PM"".

    '-

    <l==:=
    We

    $20<
    '\T'

    A$SUMerc~~

    c.OY\h-t:JI vc.L""'Ike. o.:t 3~~


    n =t,'2.1. <.~) ~ loS
    )1D f('e'sc..u'e. dr4!>p f'v'U'J'" tfJ.A. 'lI&tercoDler: (4' Kl~e.h:C. ~ po+e.....+ud e~et9~
    e~e.ets G-re. n~li9ibl~.(5) l1t.e. a.~V" bel-tA\leto: Q..S Cl.&-\ id(A1 CJD..5.

    SM:Ie..

    (l)

    eQ.~ C.O~PO tI~c.d:'

    i.s Q.rtC4l~'Z.~e:t as

    (Dn\(Jt"'~S'to .... ft"'Dc.e~ses ~ ...e. pDI~n-opic..

    (2.)

    0..

    wi&

    ANAL.ySIS: ~)For ~~sso,. s~e. t T", = (Pe./P, )1J;J.Tt : Co(,(,.$'\ .1(.. fO:>t"'\
    ta.4?I.e. A- Z2E..1 k, =. I'2.~.rt &hf../lb o..v.J. ~c. :. lSq,'{q 6""-IL".
    e~C4.ce.h~ b.(,('o..)

    t' = ~
    n-,

    E\1Ct.l \1.Ah ~~

    for-

    A.,~I'1fn,pL(, Pf'OUiPS &feu,," id~~(gQ.sJ

    (T ...T t )

    e.

    = (I,1.l) (~.

    ~ ( '-(N.Sl -

    .;,..

    for

    The. powe.r

    Wc.,

    ':0

    52.0)1t

    (.41)

    M ~ (AV-), P, :. (~OOO Jt){W\.~", \


    R 11

    'P'ie$

    {f'1 ' 'fA",,?:


    ( tS''t 5. .f:!..:..!!! ) ( 520o~ )
    ,.e.11 lb oR

    )1

    l\(\(

    \~~ =<{3C,.2. 'b/M~lI\

    I f+~

    5~e I ~

    t(.()(,.t. \ b/Wlo' \tI\ ) l (l,'lq B\ou./l~)

    NolA.) I a..r~~ ~~ ~\I\. ell\~V'~~ b",lCLIACe.

    ;2.o/ Co O<D

    to Stage')

    8~/M\lI\~

    hetl\.+

    Wc.t

    -tT--lI\s~er ~o."e.. \.5

    ~ (lot c.- h, ) - We-I


    ':. (1.(1(,.1.)( lSQ.4Q - 1'lt.{."l1)-2.0 , CPOCo -:. -S;t43 8k.\/~;",~

    Qt, ':.
    feY" s+~~

    T:z.:: ~z./ cl) ,,-y~ T ~

    '2. j

    "To.b\e. A.-1.1.E.)
    'f"Cl.:'

    hd':. 1'2.~.O~

    :::

    (,so/qSj''a-V Io :l1 (50) -= (oQ1.5" 0 R. . lYo""",


    h2.: {~.q~ BJ",./Ile

    8 ....../10)

    'k.",

    a2. oJ

    We. ~

    r-

    ~ [=_~ Jl Tl. -1;1 1 = (q~.~)[(l.1.')(#I~;~ti.ql)]((oq1.S" 5''''') -: "2,'1 (53 ~~,"\

    Q '\.':. ~ \~l.-~o)-wc.,- ~ (n(,")(k.N.q~-I,-q,O(,)-Z1./I~


    (ID)

    QC.l

    ~<'Ii\c-hcl)

    ::

    <fi(,.1.. (( Sq.4'\ -l ,,'1.0('):'

    l"3,;t 1l.{ {3{.(...,(1M''''

    'i-ItO

    =- -~~l E~'''\

    Gu.

    The r~evtera.fwe OJde f)~ Probkm tIf,54- is (tJotJ,trtM

    kNOWN:

    -fwo- 'S 'f~e Ct1tvLf'~esso('"

    EJ..6JJ2 :

    COYtsn'.,c."f

    pIck (9f fhe.

    ('a.tio J cxnc.( (~)

    i"'j .

    W l.ftt I""v,fer <:'001

    (~) +k-e rtYtA( eU lC 1<VlCt:t .) (b) btAck. L.uo\"l


    -lor . fhe. ~I'V~ eOYJl1,pre~s()r

    Iller prJw(!'v"',d..evel,!p.e.cJ..
    sfa..;j e t:t no( ~frb I he e (:{l.C tenctes V(!'Y"S"('(S
    pre ~SUf.e. nU-tos.
    T

    5CkfEM,4:7lb

    tt 'l VEN Q4za:

    s: re: ~ e

    .;r

    I~~

    {t:to

    ofO
    \Lc. :: 11~~.(;,
    :: tt. ::.
    8--0010
    j2tl).J""ple.
    70-:>/0

    eonst"der tl1.e sa-me. SArwp.'e..


    CASe as ,'//\ Pro b/.em Cf. 5"1 j
    wi#\ Vlc..=d1e 'J. = rt-4:=OI8 C1n.t.t P-z.lp, ~8.

    ~s

    a~

    ----#--- 300l<

    ...,L-.....

    1~e H,llowil1/j c~fes 4~e.. u.ncMCc.~eJ :


    l.1, -=. 300. (., k:r/~.) Pr , -= 1,38E,O
    ~3:' / S/S.Lf 2.
    h'f -= Q11.4

    ()J,'+~ 1,,:'~ P, p';' ::. .282.8 k.P~

    Pr, .

    ,,,
    ,

    ,,

    Ca.l cu. (tid-tin\.

    cr; I PI)

    c.er resso r:

    'b~
    . c. ?J~'}.

    PrNALVSLS:

    -=

    po

    q~

    ~~

    ASSUMPTIONS: 5(tm~ OJ In
    '1,1 J except )')c, = nc.z. = I1t ~ 100 (J/o.

    5~re e.: PYc.s

    1-0 littclcAd~ ~
    _

    Pres -= .3.C1J.O

    he!. = 40L.#. 32 k:r/~. USli1j +1Ae. Con'f"'es.~or ~~fZ. c.f.fid~"'Gcj>


    . he. = ~\ t (h c s -hl)!t\c.1 = '"t30. 3S kJ/~
    ~ Ta T, :. ~DO{<:. ::::t> hd : ~I :. 30o.rtt k.J/~ ) Prd = /.38'0
    5fate. '2.: Pr Dl s ::. (p& / Yet ) Pre( :: 3.'1 xo =t> ~2.) ~ l.{oLf. 32. .) l,.1- =l.f30. '35 k.=rl ~
    ?

    -rhe spec"f-lc. -e V\+~tl ~ p~ hx

    l~
    h x ~ ~r~(~l.f-~-z.) t~z.:: 311./'} k.'f/~
    a~) WM~rl~~ h~
    h~:: h y - Ck x -~2.) = Sl/2. SlP kJ/~

    (~) itt e

    -ft.t ev- m~ I e.f.f.i.e, l".e VI e.y is


    Yl:: 1- 0" ':1- h,) + ( l.,c.- ~o. )
    'L

    ('" 3-

    hx;)

    :: o.LlIJ..l (41.Ll%)

    Lb\ The b~ck LOot1. rA,ti.o i-s


    I

    'Ow r

    _:z. ( he- hi) -,'\ UQ7


    h} _ ~"t - v ~ ~
    I

    (c) I~e. h~t power It-tNeAopelA b<j t1u. ~e-t~ is ~ ~


    WCA.fc~ =. Wt - (W C I ""Wc.,-) : ri1 [(~~-k'() - 2(h,--"',)]
    'vJ~-t~ ~

    :: 5.8c)1 ~ Is frc1'M

    Prob\-e.M '1.5'1

    W ~t.l~ :. 1531.3 k.W

    PROl3LEM Gt, 1.>9 (~l'd,)


    Tke..~o..

    for

    ~~ '(e.1U.~V"eJ

    ITCode

    plofs ar-e

    ()Ioki~~ USt"Uj IT, t<.s

    hc = h1 + (hcs - h1) I eff_c


    hd = h_T("Air", Td)
    sd = s_TP("Air", Td, pd)
    s2s = s_hP("Air", h2s, p2)
    s2s = sd
    h2 = hd + (h2s - hd) I eff_c
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3, p3)
    s4s = s_hP("Air", h4s, p4)
    s4s = s3
    h4 = h3 - (h3 - h4s) * eff_t
    hx = eff_reg * (h4 - h2) + h2
    hy = h4 - (hx - h2)

    p1 = 100 II kPa
    T1 = 300 11K
    p2 I p1 = rp
    rp = 8
    pc I p1 = p2 I pc
    pd = pc
    Td =T1
    p3 = p2
    T3 = 1400 II K
    p4 = p1
    AV1 = 5 II m3/s
    efCt = .7
    efCc= .7
    eff_reg = 0.8

    IT Results for rQ = 8,

    n1 = U2 = TIt = 80%
    h 1 = 300 kJ/kg
    h2 = 430.3 kJ/kg
    h2s = 404.2 kJ/kg
    h3 = 1514 kJ/kg
    h4= 990.8 kJ/kg
    h4s = 859.9 kJ/kg
    he = 430.3 kJ/kg
    hes = 404.2 kJ/kg
    hd = 300 kJ/kg
    hx= 878.7 kJ/kg
    h, = 542.4 kJ/kg
    11 = 0.4136
    bwr = 0.4978
    W
    = 1526 kW

    mdot = AV1 I v1
    v1 = v_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    eta = 1 - hy - h1) + (hc - hd) I (h3 - hx)
    bwr = hc - h1) + (h2 - hd) I (h3 - h4)
    Wdotnet = mdot * h3 - h4) - 2 * (hc - ht)

    h1 = h_T("Air", T1)
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    scs = s_hP("Air", hcs, pc)
    scs = s1

    +cL(ows'"

    cycle

    PLOTS ~
    0.7

    0.8

    0.6

    0.7
    0.6

    0.5

    0.5
    0.4

    .0

    0.4

    0.3
    0.3 0.2

    0.2

    0.1

    0.1

    0
    2

    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20

    10
    rp

    rp

    3200

    - ...
    ----.-

    2800

    2400
    2000

    III

    1600

    'So 1200
    800
    400
    0
    2

    10

    12

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20

    rp

    "1-1/'2-

    =
    =
    =
    =

    isentropic efficiency 100%


    isentropic efficiency 90%
    isentropic efficiency 80%
    isentropic efficiency 70%

    14

    16

    18

    20

    -~k<.<je. co~('r~s~or wioUl !iAferc.ooll~j "~nt~.s ~ ~


    sfak. W Ifh k.n.8W Yt 'hlet GC)Vlttc.+, tn'\S ~ e< tff We,.. e~ L+pn:-3SLCI'e.

    KNDWN:

    A /.wo

    611.JJ.:

    RQ.f.erV'1~' -lo E:~A~J-e 1dO, derive. 41il e.~fressit11l\. -fo,.--l'ke.


    ...-e1a.h:6v\ :.kf.t.cr~ pr"es~(,(,re rrttios across -f/.cJL fvJo ~~Jl..s -fby1'ke esse w~e Tot >T" .

    Scf:fB\1MLC

    ff GzlVW

    See E)(~fhf'e. q .ro.

    7d.>Ti.
    ~e -I-o-f.a../ COvYf,p~sso".. w()r"- ''''pCA.t peru.""t ~a~r flow

    MUMprtQNS:

    4N.4L\j.sIS:

    PMA.:

    E'K~*p/~ ~.IO, e)(ce.pt

    See

    ~ ~(hc.- hi) -40 (~7.- ha \ = 7 (Tc. -I, )


    ~Q T I (1= - f) + <p Ttil (Tz. - ()
    'T,
    T~

    to

    is

    Cr (II. -"T.".)

    ::

    rVl-trod..uC., iA.~ -+ke. is e.\A -lrop,c" r.(2. b.tl~S "_I


    "G; -:. tr: ) '1t
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    FIND.:

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    l:v'e iA.lIt clI.4 Jot.jed :
    11., -: 3C90,/Q kJI ~
    ~3- -= I SIS .42-

    11c. =430.35'

    ha. :: 121Gf,(
    J" b : I SIS, 4 2-

    ho( :. 300,11
    h2. = '130.35

    11" :: 12L1. 7

    h)c

    No c.e.J J fhe spec.iflc., e ~Q.(f'Cd

    is

    h)( :::. ~r~~ ( htt-h~) + "'z. =


    d-VldJ ev(),{U.~t/~.1 ky
    h ~ = l, Cot - (f..t)(- k"Z-)
    CA.)

    '::L

    10(,/.8

    588.2.5 k:T/ '=9

    The 1k-eY'1MA1 etlcJoia.1 CCj is

    YL= 1- (h;-~,) +(he-lttd)

    =0.442

    (~3-hx)t (hb-l.-tet )

    ( b) I~e

    ba.ck we)""k. ra.fi 0

    bw r :
    (C)

    k.J/~

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    7( h3-h d \

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    powev- dee v~l(!)ped

    b~

    ftte ~~cle is.

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    w; till

    =.

    S. f>01 ~ (s

    W~ek.

    ::

    (''2.'2.~S

    The ttex.JC4. tor ff,te f~~U.~fed

    k-w

    plok

    q~e. o~HM:LAe.J. ~s'IAB IT, a.s

    'I-liS

    to LLoL.<Js:

    ha = h3 - (h3 - has) * eff_t


    Tb=T3
    hb = h_T("Air", Tb)
    sb = 5_TP("Air", Tb, pa)
    545 = s_hP("Air", Ms, p4)
    545 = sb
    M = hb - (hb - Ms) * eff_t
    hx = eff_reg * (M - h2) + h2
    hy = M - (hx - h2)

    h1 = h_T("Air", T1)
    51 = 5_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    SCS = s_hP("Air", hcs, pc)
    scs = 51
    hc = h1 + (hcs - h1) I eff_c
    hd = h_T("Air", Td)
    sd = 5_TP("Air", Td, pd)
    525 = s_hP("Air", h2s, p2)
    525 = sd
    h2 = hd + (h2s - hd) I eff_c
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    53 = 5_TP("Air", T3, p3)
    p3 I pa = pa I p4
    sas = s_hP("Air", has, pa)
    sas = 53

    ITCode
    p1 = 100 II kPa
    T1 = 300 11K
    p21 p1 = rp
    rp 8
    pc I p1 = p2 I pc
    pd = pc
    Td =T1
    p3 = p2
    T3 = 1400 11K
    p4 = p1
    AV1 = 5 II m3/s
    efCt =.8
    efCc= .8
    eff_reg = 0.8

    mdot = AV11 v1
    v1 = v_TP\,Air",T1,p1)
    Wdotnet = mdot * (2 * (h3 - ha) - 2 * (hc - h1))
    eta = Wdotnet I (mdot * h3 - hx) + (hb - ha))
    bwr = (hc - h1) I (h3 - ha)

    IT Results fOf fQ = 8,
    TI9.1.=-n2 = Ull = Ut2 = 80%
    h 1 = 300 kJ/kg
    h2 = 430.3 kJ/kg
    h2s = 404.2 kJ/kg
    h3 = 1514 kJ/kg
    h4= 1219 kJ/kg
    h4s = 1145 kJ/kg
    h, = 1219 kJ/kg
    has = 1145 kJ/kg
    hb = 1514 kJ/kg
    he= 430.3 kJ/kg
    hes = 404.2 kJ/kg
    hd = 300 kJ/kg
    hx = 1061 kJ/kg
    hy = 588 kJ/kg
    II = 0.4413
    bwr = 0.4409

    PLoTS :
    0.7
    0.6
    0.5
    0.4
    ~

    0.3
    0.2

    cycle

    =1918 kW

    0.1
    ----.---

    0
    2

    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20

    0.7

    4000

    0.6

    3500
    3000

    0.5

    ...
    ~

    .0

    is entropic efficiency - 100%


    isentropic efficiency- 90%
    isentropic efficiency - 80%
    isentropic efficiency- 70%

    0.4

    2500

    ~ 2000
    >,

    0.3

    'S
    0.2

    1500
    1000

    0.1

    500

    0
    2

    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20

    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20

    ~tJoWN :

    ,4 ~c.s K.wbl~~ t-t"s two 5~S of c.o~V"ess(o~ WI~ 'cde...coo,,~


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    EIND~

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    Compressor
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    loll c.tc.. l..U 0 ... 11:. "'0. h '0 .

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    ANAt.\(S,S, ~ FI-rst) +l1C &d-\ Df ~ pl'IWlCiptl(


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    =={>

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    ,~

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    ~.. ~S ~O V('~co.SW'<' cJ.f'0\>

    ~C;~

    twL

    v~~cw~iot".

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    tk $O\u..+\.~ ~ frob~ ct. 73


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    $.,,",Ce.

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    tka. ~t.~t Mc.li.+~ 'oe<.oMes

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    ---=..:.:.:...

    bW( -:. 0."\\\ ..


    11--

    I.

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    ref""+ o.{. ..,~ it\1n>~t.fto",\
    +Co.t rt'5~"'.f!~4tv'"
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    l'1, -=. ~ " , . , " 6\u./Uo) \c\ ~ '::.
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    sec.

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    '=

    (P"/P?1"') Pr~ '=<?o/ tf/7


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    Q ": . (.h - ""-1C) .... <.h\o - he..) -=W


    'lJe. ~ (\-\~- \,~) +- (~b - ~'i) - (~'J.- h,)

    ~~

    = 3,'.'tQ

    (3~/lb
    =. 'I

    Z.'i8' 6#u1lJt,

    q 0 t)
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    .. ; a i i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    ( "to.

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    (b) ~GM&MM\c.

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    Compressor
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    lW\

    Compressor
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    cL.

    ~o.""f'ks T\"S~o

    1.'1 o..~ q.l:\ ,(,ltc:..E!f+ -for ~e..


    I
    ~\o\,,~ lAAJ. c.oMf(~ssO't'" eH-,c.,~~e\t:s. ~\,. l't.' 14'il4"":.

    ANAL.ySlS~ 'S~.. ,) 3 J ~ if oe ik. &Q.~' Q.S \V\ Pro'4(~ ~,s8. ~


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    d-SSUMPTLOAlS:

    e:t.lf

    ANM.'I 51 ~ ~ F\.x ~cM. ef ~ I'r~",c.lp.. l .~.


    ~W:gt. ,

    SWe.
    Q.wl

    h.:: /'1".""

    T l =- 530D ~

    0kt/lb )trl~ 1.1.141

    'Z.. For- \~.lA.t -r~\.c. c.o~f~~~\CI"t') Pc-~ ':. Ii.\( 2.01


    h-z.~ '=. 11~."O 6~'Uo. \~"tt\.4 ~ Co~1'esso'("'

    tHlC.''''''~
    '" -:.. ~...~-h\ ~,

    SUlk 3
    Ste.-kq

    T3

    f ~'!S -h\) _

    _L

    ~ Yl-z. -

    \-\'1o-t\,

    nCo.

    "leo.

    V\,+ '\

    ~'3:' \2.(0,40(, 041A./~

    '=Tl wi>

    .I~

    - ,'lo. Ott ~N/.D


    J

    t>Y,

    '=

    ,.1.qcq

    Pr'lS : (rll/f'3) Pr~ ::. 3.82.l\ ~ ~'($ '=-l".58 6~'U,. '-\itt-.. -{o1..a.
    ~(~SO~ (~'Hi\fAi\"j > hit ': ~) +- (~ .. ,-~,) c. 18l.~3 ekA/u"

    ~b T,,::. 1:z.00-R,

    \: ""1-

    '=t> "iii'"

    5(00.5' 6~/L\c

    t>f"~

    OlS~.(o. t=oY" ~\N ~l

    ....

    fY"lS ... (p., I r..,) 'Pn.. ':. 91.1.1ct =t> h,s ':."l\'.CI~ el\.\.,UD . W,,",, t\.t.~''''~

    s-\gk 1

    e~G\t~~

    ~,,_\.,

    \i\t.\ -

    '"

    T& '=-1..eoo(l.

    ,,- \l
    =t>

    ,~

    ~~,: h.,- \ttl (\,,~-IAU) = ~3lf. 83 ek\/\b

    "i ': .

    504.'1( 6t1A.l\b

    Pr,s -= S,.lS~ ~ h 1 S
    ~,

    ~*tc 5

    (6-)

    : h~ -

    :: ~ {gO .le.t

    \'\t'l. (h e-~~~)

    r:or tk r~fMu~u,r

    ~r.,:, :5t\-_~~

    =b

    Pre:: 114.0

    e~/\'\o

    '3i1.t{'f 6~/l!l

    h'S : ,,~( h,-k\()

    -rk. ~~t wo~ y~ wM,'t \\A.A.~S ()~ o..~


    Wc.'{\c.\e
    W\

    e,

    t\.t'f

    ~ 338.~"B~/l~

    -.oW\"" ,So

    \h,"-~,) +(l.t8-~C\) - (h'1-lA,\ - (h'i-"'~)

    = 131a/1'3BJ,.,../lb

    -: ('-'<.:._ L,r) +(1.,8 - ~7) ': 2,.q'2. .27 B~"h

    Y\:::'
    \

    \I't4i3 :::
    '2.' U ."1.1-'

    O.tl-b L

    (+<:,.l..u/c1)

    1'lt ~ f0W'e.'<' ~etJ4ol0pQJ i~

    w+ =- (qO,ooo

    ~) (\'3'\.'\3 ~l~s'tsl ~1",1


    ---------0.-

    - Lt 11 ~ ~p 44
    Q-'22

    KNOWk> ~

    e~~~e. '"

    A -k.wboit-t

    ll.~&l'i ~~ ~

    A r~ k.W\OW t\ .t "" Y i o~

    ~tkrW\\Vte (~) ~ &'(~S\.wes

    E..1..NA:

    ~~ ~(Io)

    Se\tpMnc.

    CI.'-'

    lo (.0..ti'"""'~ .

    0.+

    i'fA4. '1~lo(,\~

    o.W--~l.\.\c(4~c{ bli\.sl~. J>~

    ~t"Ootl.\rfi,

    OJ#.J..

    +\\4 ~ol.'tle e.~\.+.

    !c.+ ~

    fYI~~.\

    ~,,~ S>4-T-":
    T:J:' J4001(

    .-...--,

    "e .88

    3
    _--;:;1

    I
    I
    I

    r==4
    Nozzle

    ASSOMpnQNSo. 5Cllme. e.s

    ~lC~~le q.l'1.

    \V'

    e~c.ept

    tte. .... esolo

    +v.e. fY'\",c'l,eaA t>+A-\ec


    kYO\. =t> hQ, ': ~\ct."

    ".NJH8S1 S '. (&.) f~Yst ~ +\.lC eA.~ of


    ~mt~

    Q"

    sb:a.ie ,

    To.":. 2:Z.0t.) PA

    An

    ewter9\;J
    "',:.

    ::.

    ~2,

    ~ ..i" ~

    :.

    ?-\4:\ .C\1

    "-T of-

    20

    .;l 50

    ~~
    ::. 2 S1.2 'Z. l'3"{~
    f('oc~~~ 'is \se\'\trc:>ric.)

    -::.

    "MY~11

    2.

    P:s:.21 "'tCll.
    ~ Jtt=~"'to.

    (To.lQle. A- 22).
    k.J"l~

    b""tAM.ce. for tkc. et'*\A.ser S\"(~s~

    S\~C~ tk-e.
    ,\ah.2. FoC" lSe\l\.'h-oI'\c,
    a.\\t.l h 1 S

    ~2.

    --..

    l:>

    .1

    f"", -:. O.~C.ClO

    = h A + V-.. 2, _ k\ . """,,,s

    II
    '10.'....
    1N

    '1c.T

    (5 20

    r I =(pr\/r r~ ) PCL

    \o3N'M

    -::.

    'I."'" k.PC\.

    ('ol'\I\.p'("es~\o\'\J frz.::=' Prl (Pa./P,) ... B.'tltS3

    all., k:rIlC4J. "",,", ~'f1ce~ressoC" e*ic.\e.V\e,

    :.

    h~ -:. Va \ +~~~:~\) 5'S7.ct 1c.'1'"/~ ) T~ ~ I '2.' PI :: 'i I til. bit \c:p~


    T a ~ '''OOK J 1>3 -=P-z. =t> \.,):' 15/S,42- k"S{(~ , Pr-3 :: 4~O.s
    For 0.. ~~o~c.t J We-I.;,.. ': w~1 oM ~
    (~~-h\) ~

    ~)

    ft'5 ': Pr't

    ~"5) ~ h'ts

    110. z.B

    ~S

    lc\f(~

    "''3-

    (~) AV\ eV\er~~ 'ol.\to.M.ce. ~ \-tuL \1.0"Ll-l~


    0:: ~'l-Qtst~~)
    ()Y"

    :.11(,(,."1'2,.

    fLf = ,~ (Pr'ls( ProS) ~ 158,62 "PAw


    ~-t(~')-~'ts)':' 120e"'ltf kJ'll<s ~ t>f'i~ (Q3.01
    ( fs ("") :. Z~.e81 j h s ~ bQllf.46 \c.~l ~

    fr'ts ..
    ~ h'i:'

    :S\-cA.t~ s

    tlt:.(h 3-

    ,\"e,s

    J2.\h.. -hs>

    :. /1---(-I2-d-8-.-:1-4---------:---~--:. }DOq

    Mis """~J-----------------Cj -/2.3

    See. 'Prolof.e.m q,':H, toY" so..V)\.ple ca.l wJ~ ~5. ,hL ~ ~ ~ re;\.l~~ p\o-k
    olo-fc...tlAd us,it\j l TJ 't S f.o ttow s: :
    IT code

    525 = s_hP("Air", h2s, p2)


    525 = 51
    h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1) I eta_c
    h2 = h_T("Air", T2)
    p3 = p2
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    53 s_hP("Air",h3,p3)
    545 = 53
    h2 - h1 = eta_t * (h3 - h4s)
    545 = s_hP("Air", h4s, p4)
    h4 = h3 - (h3 - h4s) * eta_t
    h4 = h_T("Air", T4)
    54 = s_hP("Air", h4, p4):
    55 = 54
    55 = s_hP("Air", h5, p5)
    h5 = h_T("Air", T5)

    pa 22 II kPa
    Ta = 220 11K
    Va = 250 II rn/s
    rp 12
    T3 1400 II K
    p5 = 22 II kPa
    eta_t = 0.88
    eta_c 0.85
    mdot 1 II assume a mass
    II flow rate of 1 kg/s

    =
    =

    =
    =

    ha = h_T("Air", Ta)
    sa = 5_TP("Air", Ta, pa)
    h1 = ha + (Va1\2 I 2) * (1 11000)
    51 = s_hP("Air", h1, p1)
    51 = sa
    h1 = h_T("Air", T1)
    p2 p1 * rp

    IT Results for rQ = 12, T} = 1400 K


    T 1 = 251.1 K
    h 1 = 251 kJ/kg
    h2s = 511.6 kJ/kg
    T 2 = 552.8 K
    P2= 419.4 kPa
    h2 = 557.5 kJ/kg
    h3 = 1514 kJ/kg
    T 4 = 1140 K
    h4s = 1166 kJ/kg
    h4 = 1208 kJ/kg
    T 5 = 687 K
    h5 = 699.1 kJ/kg
    P4 158.5 kPa
    V5 = 1008 m/s
    6. 1m 956.6 kJ/kg

    h4 = h5 + (V51\2 I 2) * (1 11000)
    Qdotin / mdot = (h3 - h2)

    4Y~

    In

    'PLOTS:
    180

    1100
    1000

    160

    T3 = 1400 K

    900

    T3 = 1200 K

    800
    700
    Vi'

    Iii'

    T3 = 1000 K

    600

    n,

    140

    T3 = 1400 I<

    120

    T3 = 1200 K

    100

    ..><:

    500

    ..,

    a.

    400

    T3 = 1000 K

    80
    60

    300

    40

    200

    20

    100

    o
    6

    10

    11

    12

    13

    0
    6

    14

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    rp

    'D\S U-l~S l"eM


    GeeVll.~, c).S T3

    1200
    1000 0;

    ..><:
    -..
    """")

    T3 = 1400 K

    t-----

    qrea).tA

    800 - r----

    T3 = 1200 K

    600 - t-----.

    T3 = 1000 K

    "5 ~ t4'

    ..><:

    As c.o~'('e~O("" ~'('e,~u.r~ r~ ~, ,u.t4tlA-uJ


    0.* ~{& i 3 \~~$ ~ \'~ut lc r~Y'eJ)
    ~\A.,t \,)"5 ~ Vtv~ l~t\-Ie..

    E
    <,

    .0"-

    400 200 0
    6

    10

    11

    12

    13

    " l"'OJ'~st-& ~ \.c


    ~ i.~ 1'("~~'r \loA \\AU'(lG4se~

    14

    Q-/2.1

    A hv~o~e.t

    KtJOWN:

    Q.ye. "-&/\.OW

    e~~\W!. l' o..\\.&~~eJ 0'1\ ~I.\ tA.L("-sfcuu:(a,V'c:( Io(.(,~is. ~


    v~rlou.s 'oeCll.:tio)\.$.

    a.t

    l)e+-e,('m\Y\e. <'Al +tw. V'4.-\-e of ~e.a..+ ~lh"oJ'\ J \~) ~ p~ssl.A.t"e ~t


    ~ ~,~e exit ,(C.) t"e c.o~~sso-r fOwe.v- in,~ J <.cA) ~

    V.e..loc.\. +~ Q.k

    tu no'Z.'Z-le. e.i.t.

    4"wEN DA-Th
    '"
    .3

    ~C\tEAAnc.

    ____ . T,,: 2t.{()O t)1C.

    ~~ "l$O~b
    T.....

    "t')()Clf..

    fl= 'lll.f/l!,,~l!:
    ~;

    Combustor

    n,

    2 '_
    -~
    Compmsor

    _---J Pa.(P =,.,


    ,,-.

    L::

    h ~ .q~

    ~ I-~'~ __~

    r==-=I

    '.

    ~ : ~5 \\ells

    o
    '
    5
    --.
    ..r
    ':. ...

    First) ~~)(. ~.f ~ fY\l'\C,\ptM t>~~s (T(A.Io'e

    k-

    E)((a..""fIe.

    ~ \ \ 2.. J el(c.ept

    l\c.-=

    1.~).

    Ck.

    T~: I.(-z.oe ~ h~ -::. tO~.3'2. B~/lb " Pr.:' 0.5"1bO

    Stok

    fo~ ~ ~i4-~,
    h -::.
    \

    \00 ..3 'Z.

    ~ +
    =

    TI.\M,o

    ff's2.1 31,,1,\~
    II '8""- t: (ll S'~ f!!\'It
    ,,~. A-Isl. ,"'& f+"bof I

    'SO &
    1.

    \.

    p, = (f:C"~) t>"

    ':a(h~+ V"t.\/:z.)- h, .

    It\"

    0 ,

    5!Pk

    ,5L l' f " Z.

    ~t

    S(l.mc. a.S ,.,

    --.

    I
    r~
    -~

    ~ cu..J.

    ASSUMpnONS ""

    AtvM,.'lSH~

    Nozzle

    ~
    :
    -~~-o

    .10

    I
    :

    tlllblM

    --.t Diffuser

    T~~&iU)"fl..

    'a

    _-;;1

    (.~~:~) 9 ':. 1~.OS"

    \bf/in2;

    SfeMe'2. Fo ... is-e~,\"C. ce~t"~S~lO')\..> fr~~:: Pr, (P./P,). to,O(q

    <lMl \\"&. $

    ':

    J.2.1,1..q tnu.1 \~. W \~ ~ (.oW1t"e~-.o('" e ~lC.,e~~

    h~ :: h, + ~~s~:,) :. :ltt3.01 6tu/lL, P2.= \4 PI:'


    T!>'= ;2.l{OO oft =t> ~3:' (p11.'l.."'l.. B""-/LIo, Pt". ': 3(g1.lo
    oJ

    ISC..lo lbt/il'\':

    fo(' ...\1.w\'oi..t , Wc.{.,v. Wtt~" ~s hoz.-h,: ~ (\-\,- \a~\ .


    ~'\S ': ~~ -~~~-~,)ft\t :. ~1 \.0'\ 84v.,l~.=b- fr'fS ':. 13S.:L~
    '2,

    ~ It :: \~S I R--3 ) ? ) : ' 51~l \bf/'\4~ At


    . (D)
    \J~\~~ -\-~ ~\~e. (~l<'~~~ J hit:' h~ - "'t,('-"'S- \1...:.) :. 4S~10 ~I"
    ~5 Pt"s :: f('f (rstp.. ) ': (CSI.2tt) (qIS1.c..()':2.3,~;Ll
    ~ ~ss:'29tCU ~
    "l\.M.\.)

    (~)

    y"~ .of

    1k
    .

    G\",

    (c) Tl..f

    ked"

    c,._kG:h"~

    is
    '=- ~ ( ~"& -h"&.) ::. (ClS~)( ('11.1"l-2c(lo~8fcy'1b 13~:1 "=
    ,

    Co~sJor power is

    (,14S")\W ~ c!- (;Il)


    7~

    "

    ~e: Ml~1.-~') ;~S-(Zl.f3P1-lllSS)IJ,ool::"{.O~SX(Dk:

    tL..:: ee)
    (4)

    A~

    e"e"oa

    (VS")>s'

    1"'~~ b~t""lI\u

    '2.( 1.,4 .l.,r1) =- 2(

    ~ "') ~ '-t~ ~ ~o 13te


    ""S,:

    l ~)t

    f-v

    AI'\.

    is-f'~h-'tJY'''t. ~f'Al1t,"", ~;\lCJ

    %~.1 0 -Wl.'l~) !~f~S:: W2o~ ::o;1t t 1= q. 'ltli Kat ~


    12

    fr'~ It 1'\ t'-t/ f~. C:, '19 "

    Jy\; -:: 300"(. o

    f1' h

    q-/25

    KNOWN:

    An (t~e("bW("~er is ~e.e( '\0 ~e. \uKboj(,t \~ Prob\-eM,.~6

    rIND:

    D.e-+en~~lAe. ~ v~loc:~~

    ~L$MAf!G

    Q blV&IJ DM1r:

    a.t fu l1.oz:z..\e
    -r

    ex-~t.

    \o,;v..vo..
    \ /300 '<
    "lb'

    .. ... '1

    I "

    f--{.~~
    I

    ~-_.-

    ,,;,

    T'f' :. 1300

    A>SUMPl1011S '.

    EXf,""S(~

    '-::-L

    5'

    1krowr'"

    ~ no'Z.'Z.I~

    IS

    ;'entT'oPfc. .

    .s

    Po r -fU "5 ell\-#n:Jpic. process

    ANA'YSfS:

    Prs '

    -=(Ps/r..,) Prat'

    ~5'=

    siz.u

    -r1Au,~) fu V\o'l."L\~

    v-.s =

    2. h'i' -

    e'i"t

    :.

    ~~S~.(PL. )(330. q)::

    '-15.9<15

    l,:r(~
    '1e.\o~'"

    is

    ~ 5)

    =-)z.( l~qS,'ll-~l2.1l)
    I

    +'"

    H, .. t-1 'PA.fI.&It>ktClTb J w-e SE"e -+t......:t- +t...A. (..(r~ D-f


    o.fk,lo)wher"" "",c.reAf40,f ~ ~it lIeloute, I q"ci +",",",1' ~ e.""lh~ t..h!:us't.

    co""r""'j

    +k..'t refl41+

    1.10...

    aN\.

    kNOWN'.

    FIND:

    ,,-{'fer-burner i~ o-.M~ +0 Ihe /-urlocpje-f I~

    A-Vl
    7'1

    .J/ek'r()1}Vle

    fl"e

    ' L
    ve Joct/-lj
    err 'The no z zle

    :sC ttE.M ,tn, $' CIt VG\J P.4m-:

    eK:

    Probf.e m q. 1-8' '"

    \J'

    ~
    ir.

    ~,-r~'\' ~

    DR

    \
    4

    \
    \
    \

    5'
    5's

    /tSSUMPTLON: No?,z,lfl. <9pe.ro-fLOV\ is


    ANALYSIS: Far: ic1ea( e.xpansloy\

    Pr
    FroM

    Talok

    = (PsiP4/

    5.s I

    In

    fhL i& W
    [J

    w i-U.. J1N =-O.'l:t.

    +~rotl~h "'ltt. ~'Z:z.'~

    Pr-4'

    ,4-2-2E:. ~ i?"If :. 2S<',~.

    Prss ' :. qo. w 1

    0-6L0..ba.(..ic.

    =b

    rkus

    h5sI

    ::.

    s3{p;~'1 6kt./lb

    CtM...e.

    = hlfl

    - (["ss'

    v-; '2.
    +- l~)s

    (~7,)
    ::. hu'
    - hs s '
    '2- S
    -.
    or

    (VS i, -=}2 (h'j'-h S &' )


    (5"CoOS9-11CD,~'\) Slu.1178 .f/-.IJ,f I"
    lb

    ei

    32.2.

    IIofH.s' f

    1 It t

    :: 33 S:2. .pt{ s

    Usc ~~ -tl-te.. \ItO'2:z..\e. e--u:. i%'\~


    \Fs"2. _ y\ (VS1,)
    --z, -

    tJ -Z.

    r;>

    lIS :. \1n~ (\fs)s

    ~ 1'2. (5" #[S.....


    41---

    ......:;;..

    "~OwN ~

    A\,- 8"-\erS tWL c:t\H'\.\.se,r et t\. Y"~~jQ.t WI,",,- ~OW~ cow4tl~.


    Tk.e. k~A:h.AN"e.. o.H-er Gcm\bl.ts~ is ~c.if,~.

    fCND:

    US\~

    4Lr- s-m.~&.Q.r"e.t. an(A~"!.is J o.e.te\'"M'~e. ~) ik


    ~ cliHuse.r e~Lt 6..\Ul (b) #.A. ve..\oC:~ Q..t ~

    OW\

    ""*
    e. IT.

    fr~s$tNf.e.

    V\o'Z,:z.le.
    ~w6MAnc..

    J>NPIs ;

    ,,,/E~

    '2oCd'ft

    ~~

    --+----- *
    .'

    i~i~ {~r

    ;~~ i I

    1""'------'I - - - - I: ~
    1';:' 'floDR,
    \1';.'" 0
    T)-: 2.000

    P, ~ (0 \bH i~~

    \1';':. 1l9oo

    o~

    ~l

    I Pu": ~ Ilt1flill\'2.
    T

    ~5

    ASSUP\eTl.D~~ ~ (() eD..C~ c.OMpO~e\l\.t i~ o.\I\.o.~"t.d as cc control VCJLt.A.M1e.


    ste~ '5ta.~. ('2.) TkL ~\'\o\hU.S\-l~ froc-et;S "' S V\I\.OckdeJ tA.S eo... c.o",,4o.u..t

    o.t

    p'C"ssuxe. ~~t 4.~+LO\\.. (3) ,.M c:l:'*~!Jer (t~ hO"L"t.le. C9F~ lS~h-q)\CA\I:1.
    (~ N~I~et k.(",~e.V\er~~ A.t \oCtl.h.ot\.s ~ ~ ?>.ls) T~ wot'b~ ~~ is
    ().W" VV\&J. e.l~&. a. S (A."" \ ck W ~ e, s .

    .bsN~'(~\S~

    <A) for

    -t'~ oli.{-tUS~"',j

    "'~:=

    h
    \

    ,,"'G.'Z"Z-

    ~ lh,,"\f'"~Z.) - h'L. . ~)
    = l~O.~2. + lfJeo 2f'-2js&. I '\Jt
    0

    ~.2 ll,

    '2..

    .J., ~Il L
    f7 78'8~
    .ff . Il,f

    :. IS I."f I 8fu/lb
    -nw..S) Pt"z.

    = Z..tfl1't o-v.J. p.1 '" (Pt"'&/o


    f :.2512.
    \"f/l~7."'f--_ _ r~
    \
    n) n
    ,'
    .~
    'I). .

    A-, LG 5' oJ~S


    e'jCpo.VlslO'l\ tkrl>"",'" 1Wt ",ot:z..\-e.
    c/-:

    A~ T1= 1..0 00R, J T ... ~(-e

    f\''t ~ P(3 ( P'i-/p~ ) ~

    Pr'~

    = 17+.

    0.7 4 ) (lo [zs; ~2) =

    414

    hJ

    =504-.1"1 B"'I/I:J.)

    fVr

    11.1-\ ,. HI"

    tru-p"c.

    h Lt = 33 c=t.4S" P.>,,",J~b
    ~ V~o(."ty .\.~ ~ trOM
    o ~ ltl 3 - (~'(t- ~2.)
    err

    ~. ~
    '=-

    j 2.(h'3-~'i)
    jz. (50+.1 3 3~"
    1-

    = 2'0'18 ft/5.,

    S- ') I B\u

    -n;

    13'1.'1 \1o.f+Is,2.11 'l1e flo \bt I


    \ \bE, fb~

    V7t

    EIND~

    s
    A~SOMPTLoN ~ (t) 1i~lI\ COrnpOlleV\+ is G\.V\C4l~ LeA o.S e, c.oVt+.-t>l VO".... r~..2 ec.+ Stead~
    S+a.:te. (;l,) The com bOrst-lOY\. pY"t>c.e~s 'is VV\oc.lc=!.\~ ~s o: um~-k-.~+ p'f'es.\u('oQ. heat
    (k~d..~+to\'\.\.? The. cl~Hu.se,Y" C\V'\A Y\.oz;'Z.le c>~ro.te. i..seV\+rc:>piCQn~.\.4) t\I~~\ect

    ~l",'*lc. e.1I\e.Y'"'5~ cd lo.e.cc.t~o)l\.s. 2. t -' C\~&t Yl~\e.t,~ po+e:A...\.Cll ev"~V"S'j +kI"OWjkOUt:


    (5J 1'l1e. W()rk.'~~ H\A,I.Gol ".s CUr" 1M<,cJ.ele& fA.~ CA.V\ l~eG\.l 8tA.s.

    ANM.N~)s ~ (~) Fer +he

    Thus

    -='2.

    oti'lfu,s-er;

    -to ~ -=. 2.40. 0=;2..


    '2-

    0 =- (h,+ ~z.) -

    ~ ( toq t{. ~ ):- t\'J2.


    \<'5 +
    2.
    S2.

    l lc:.J/~
    I:V\+erpe>lo.t,'kfj \11\ TOlb\e h-ll j T2.~ 41'\ K
    :

    (b) State. 3

    P-z. ::. \:;~ Pl

    \s -KxczJ... \''j
    0:: ~ \~

    h~

    or

    AflQ.tM. +rOM
    For-

    U>Vl.S lc.\cz.t"l'VSj
    t-

    >

    ""Is"

    t0 3

    tJ~

    4~ f~ =

    h 2.-

    :=.

    l.lql

    453.0 I<P"'-tlIli1..ak--

    P.:-

    heed- G..M<:+ lOlA. fYoc.ess

    +he.

    ~ 3 ')

    ~ + h, ::. lO~O

    Talo\e A-2.2) T~ ':$ 143 ~ K

    lsetA.+rop\~ <")(PCA.","S\~

    -\-\I\('oU".5'-' +~e

    +4g=t. ( -::.lScPl.1
    J

    k~/~

    Pr 3 = sos.o

    V\.C)1.-z.\e.

    Pr~ =- (f'l /P3) Pt'"~::' (4014~5.0)(50~.() =l.(Lf,~O =I> h'{= ~OS"l~ ~


    o

    Th.e.. \('loc.1+~
    or

    =.

    1 k:.J"

    lN

    l{ ~1.

    (fl) =(1O~~~~5'
    lql \J(40 kPQ.)

    Thev-ek>r=e

    h2

    'is obkJ..~t.\etA ~OM J 0:: h'"$ - ( ~ 'f + ~2.)

    ~-::.j2(""3-h't)
    :. j~2-(-I-S-{P-I-I---~-O-S-"Jg-)-~---I-o""'''tJ-.~----.,,-\-,-l~-'~-fS-~-\

    =. l2 '2...q

    .....:; I \ k.:l"

    tJ

    ,., l s -a.ar--------------------........:-

    q-12-q

    Cf, 8'3

    p~o St.EM

    ~()WIV:

    A +wrbofrop eV\.~l~e.. is <U\cx.~~eJ O~. Q..~ <tw--S\a.w:la. __J. lo~sls.

    DQ.ta.

    IUt.cwY\ o-t-

    Q.V'L

    D.t+(.~M\i.\e.

    EUvQ:

    (1)

    tl.e. ve,loci.~

    wi VSN

    SC"6MMt~

    va.rWu.$ loc.o..hons,

    #L power c(el."e~ee(
    -HU. n.o -z.z.le. e~\. T.

    to tiuz..

    o.k

    J>A:re ~

    fC"0~ll eY"J CJ.M.ct(l,)

    '"

    Qin

    ASSV~PTlotJS: S",rne

    ;11 E'lm.tIA(:>Ie. ~"2.1 eltC.e.p1:. ttc Itt .. 0.85,


    2

    F,rs:"" +-tX <!4ck of

    AN.4LVS,S:

    ~Me.

    4S

    t'k pw"li'\c.ipal s~tes (rOoble

    Ta ~ 2.'10 Ie. ~ 1-14, ~ 2.~D.o'2. k.~/fcj

    6..

    A- 22),

    PrO. ':. o.es s s

    -b Ttw.~
    1 I

    S-kl.te. ( An e"e"9~ blL!~~ lor ~ diF~ser 8lv'cs; <:> =(~e. t ~ '2.


    h, : ~'" + \li/z. ~ 2,\(0.01. k~ + ,eo z OWl'2./ s2.1 I N I
    ::. 2 5~. 2. '2.

    PI=C!.r,/p('fA.~\'\ -:..

    5to.1e '2. FoY"

    sto.u

    ..,

    \O'N'l\A

    rr'''$ ::

    (!2-/R ) Roo, = 7.~Cl02 =t>h~s: ~S."5 ~

    U.S\)\5 ~ CO'rAf(esso('eff'c.ieV\~ 1 n.,,: h\ +lkt~~h,).: 537.<t k~l~


    3 Tb :. IIll0 ~ h 3 =-1201. '.51 \c:~/~ Pr ~ :. lcr~.,
    J

    SWe"1

    Fo..-

    iSt,,,,;f"owu (,.

    eXfQ,t.t..sl~) R--'t~ :.(p\(/p~)

    ,,;r /l~.

    ~ ~ hits :''''3Lf.o~

    lAS\~ ~

    h~:. ~~ - ~~ ( ~~ - ~'t~) :

    S+o.fe. 5
    (~) Tke.

    ~ Pr, -:. 0.'1' '0'2..

    50.'2.<t kP",

    iseM.trop\.c. ~"'t ...ess (0- J

    Q.l'\

    I "1'M(SZ.

    '2.

    ":r l~

    lid"

    fe'S

    fOWq.("

    :'(PS/f'i ) Pr't

    = 2.3.8lf

    deh'v~('"@cto~

    Wp -:. W-t - w~

    -=.

    :r.~o

    ) 1'\3.\

    +u.v", ~e.~~7.JlGI~Glj

    "120.0Q k.J"

    ~ hs

    'f'C"'of..M.er

    Pr'3

    tJc,)

    =J~.\ql\,

    fC"'~ =- 2.1. eo

    ~1".1' 1<~/~

    ~s

    :. ~ l<ho-h~) - ( \\"1.-~,)1

    .:.: CA~)cr.. P/ll,

    (~1.1 ...31s)(4'1.lo'fNI...,l)

    =eta." \1:9

    f l ' .... ~ )('2. io Ie)


    e-,.~
    G~.'I'"

    ~ vip ~ (48." ~)((I'l.OTST - :no.o')-(511',ij-2,)<'.2.t)]~ },~~~/S}-:


    (h) A'I\ eV\e~'1 'o(A.~C\lAc.~

    VS

    -roT

    t(u

    'V\C) '2:z.\~

    ~ ives

    =/2(hlo(-h 5 )

    /2 (7zo.

    :. 2O,fD.1.f

    -(g.,~.li) ~ II Ic.,; :;1$'2.


    rn/, ....
    0

    fl 'Ott; I
    '3

    .__

    PROIO(;EM 1, 84~

    kNowN:

    A turboprop e.r1~\Vte is e:tYled'12.ee:;f OV\ Q.Vl ~lr Sfo..Vl~CO,c.( bCt.sis,


    Dcdet GlY"~ k.~owV'\ a.-+ v r ioc..u Ic cCtt tOY}.S,

    the.. pow olehveY"e~ +0


    the. vet<9<:.iftj ~ +~e V1o,:z,le e-Kt t.
    5ClfEMAnc.. ~ Gl VE.N DMd: ~
    '2 \ ooR. , 3
    , ,..
    DeMrM l'V\e

    +he. prope-LlGrJ

    (0.)

    ~~\\'"

    "

    '#$

    ~__

    P-. : 11.1ln'/J~Z.

    ,'I

    Qin

    1~:::tIO()D~

    '---_-.J

    5:S~~~:~~~~';i~:'

    d~

    ,,1,,_ q

    ---..l Diffuser

    Nozzle

    ~j

    -~

    sfa.fe ,(2.) The

    ---.

    ~I

    ~
    -~
    Ps ~ 14Ib~/,~'"
    volume. at s+e~

    P'1 ::1.$' 11rf1,Vl'1.

    Vj = 0

    AS5UMPnDN~: (/)

    Cb)

    _"'c~H.(: =.27

    ~I CQlrtpr~S$Or
    .-;-.:l

    Q.Y\c(

    EacVt c.OVl'1('onevti: is
    y ze&. as a. con-m:,1
    di+fu.~er process is iseV1+ropic. ~Y\d. +ke. tuHlo I "i.1e.\ c..e~(es~o(j
    CHl cd

    oferGltll. a.crlC\loc.(:H<.a..l~, (3) ~xc.eptatfJ,e I'Klet ail\c.( elClt ef #Ie


    eY\~l~e) klL-1et-ic... eV\e~lj e~ec+S c.o...~ be. Vl~lected , p()+~V\+l~1 eVler~Cj efreofs;
    (kre V\~\i~\\')e. +\A r o Wlin ov..:t ,, (4 ) The tvO(k.\\.I\~ -tlu..i& is o.lr mod-electa..sC\V\

    tAV\.vt \l\o'Z.'Z..le

    id.ea.l

    ~ ~~,

    ANALYSIS', Flrst J fl)(etA.~ o-tt~e pn"V)clpCl( s:tcdf's Crable A-22E.),


    S~: T4 ~ 4<pooR

    1-1(4 ': I~q.q() ~k-t/lbJ P,..",,:: O.1Q 13

    =>

    5fa;tel: AYl eYleY"~':J b&tlo.lIlce !err fLte. otif.t<.u~r~We.s


    h :. k of- ~'()O ~ l"1.0 2- -H"2fs 2.)
    I lOf
    4

    Z. -

    ~Io +

    lQC(.'1

    'Z..

    :: u S, 10 13\-<A/ tb

    -32.2 l!"#/Sl

    II ..,.,~I Bk'1
    ftolbf r

    =:> Pn = o. (r~ ~ 0 l{

    P, =,(Pr./p,.a.) Pc.. :: 14.(ClS- l/e,flaiA"L

    sfa;fe2.: FoY" t"dQ{ c.c~pY"~s:sioY\j Pr2s :(Pz Ip,) PrJ:::' g.4'l41(P


    U~l"v\~ the. C-OM.rr--eS$or e~k,eV\Ctj

    1A2. ':. h.+


    ~

    T~:: ~\ 00 oR

    Sfa,i<2. Lf', For id.eo.l

    (\.12.~-h,)/I1.c.

    =t>

    b1~:.

    :.

    hl(:'

    21(,lttt> .BkA./lb

    S ~2.sS- 0-k.c/lb J

    eX:(Ja.nsli\.J' PY''is::' (P'lIP3)

    WI~~ -t"'e.f1..wbl~e ef+\d(.V\c~

    =t>hz~:':U~.1Co~

    :ll'"l. l

    ?('3::

    Pr~ ::.

    l.(

    I . S"o~ ~ h'ls:: ~"!>q,l BkAJllo


    _
    _

    ~~- htC~?>-h'l$) = ~CDl(.ll13-kt/tb

    =P P"4::' ':>3.$"15

    51wk. S5: Pr s: s :. (Ps I r-; ) P"'t ::. 'l~.f!>fl!.7 ::t> hs s -= 2q~.1 ~ BJ.v./lb
    (a.) The fOwer c(-e! l'veY"ed io .."he. prope-Uev- is

    Wp

    VI t. - Wc. ::

    ::

    -rt-Je.
    1'i1 '::. @V""J~ PGo.

    Ev,a..lUAfiYl,9

    RTt'..

    nil

    rYlA.tS

    (en 3-

    -{--Lov.)

    hy

    )- (

    me..

    Itt ~ - h,) J

    (3 0 , 0 DO #3/Ml lA) ( l:t l~.f" k1.) 114 '4 ,",'2.1


    - (.lS4S H lbf)( '(<Door< )
    I 1 ftz..
    _

    ;lB, q1 Ib"D~

    q -/3'

    :: '2. n'S.I IhI rtlt\

    Thus fhe. power i.s.


    J

    )("~ty\\~\ f(S"3'2.sS"-~~q.11)-('-11.l(CD-I/S.30j1BJuI I kp
    WP ::.(~1I31.Th..
    W1in t "" 'J L
    ~ \b ;2.5'15 &Ju/k
    :: 2S1"fo~p ~~
    C~) For

    or

    ({ltl

    idea!

    .......;..

    -litrOtl'''''- -+11e.
    0: h" - (~ss + \fS:z:2.)

    V;s

    =-

    eXpC<V1cSL'crt-\

    Vlo'Zzfe

    }2 ("'4 - hs s )

    : Jz. (

    1(gt{ .11- 2q~.1'l)

    FrCJm +l1e t(e+&Vt it,oVl ~ rtD 2.z,te

    V5

    1Vl; VS

    So

    ::

    1322..1 '776 I = I Clt{~,~ #/s


    e+f.LctevJ c~

    V(O.Cf5)' ( 1~4 S"S)


    11<:t2'. tz -Ptl S-Ef!!~----------~

    S~c<.o.d'i-sto.t't. op... ro..nff\!j c:.o..+~ C'o"~ p.,..,v,ued ~r

    t:"-IOwAJ':

    piA" l: IA.t':l"j he/,vIA-\.

    ~ w~

    D. ~...-...:"'""- (, -- ) 1'~ .........a s

    F II,,) 0:

    clloO

    J-t

    ..,....

    (I

    ww-Ic4'/I'\' .j:./u,~s.

    r.. ret

    lA>

    (/:)) -t'- _or po~ J~ ~,.e-:Jb::1 ~~

    ~)

    -t~ +'u...~ ~'cAe/l'\cl

    00 't~

    b,'"eQ c"tec power

    CL _ _

    '43

    f. T kat.

    .'1'\" '"

    c:l c.a:o ,
    ",-H.a:,
    V~O".. cycl-er"

    S foe - -

    +"""'''ra-t.

    A "\

    Q,""

    eo_1o ,'""eel eye/e,

    Scwt~f'C'Tit &G.tlleN l)1\-TJ1o:

    A~t'IIMP-rIO~.!:

    /. Ce~

    fotD.'

    Vo'''W\rr elo4C:Lu s,",~ .... /...Q..


    C.Ch4'''' 0 ~ 111': 0.. \" e, ~i-

    P"'I'\ e ,('...1

    s -fetAd'1 rl-.:fe..

    P3 =pz
    3

    2.. Tl\cr< ~te

    T3 = 1400F

    1'\4)

    s-fv.y .leA. r ~~f'"

    o..lI\cl. .Je,; 1'1 e k c. tUt.<:I

    e. JI\ er'J'f effec:~s

    #'#"",. ~

    (..4t.I'\

    OA. i,~I'e.d .

    .3. I-ok.liv"","'; ~de led 4.',) eVt ld.a...l


    ~4S wd~ cOi/l,.silA ",t cp:: t;/21C J
    K; 1-(,.7 (TAble.. A-2.E eo)
    A""A~'rS'S:

    Helium
    I
    p] = 200 Ibflin 2
    T] = 180F

    l?le~ ..~":;, ."Al"",,1it'j

    c:Lo..;...... 0.+ pM"" 4' p~ ~ .......te~.

    m, =8xlO s lb/h

    Heat exchanger

    Saturated vapor
    Ps 1200 lbf/in, z

    He-HuM:

    1'-1

    T~s;

    11I'-.I,"~

    T~: ,,(~)

    ,e.l-1

    ('4ol<.(::) H",

    1\ (~) -;::

    =
    Pump
    II p = 100%

    ECf 'ffS""'"

    lAli"'j

    "Col-'

    1'-1

    'i: ;:

    "'0 (;-;)"rr?

    = lo ,,,. ~n 0ll.

    Steam cycle

    '1t: ':

    "'~ -,,~ ~ ~('T:s -7>,.)


    ~l71-T,.S)

    l'\')-"',,"S

    1li- -:.

    T, - Vlt (T) - 7"'0/

    = 18'0 - a, i' ('8'0 - lo"Sl)


    : I 1.'2. 5". '2.

    0"

    ~c::: ltz.s-", ~ .~lii.s-Tj)

    Cooling water
    TIO =60F

    S~W\:

    T.... t e A-t(;,lita: c.f1'i-6lv/lh

    ~ LTl. - T,)

    1i -+ LTu-1i)

    Tz.:

    Td,le A- 3E) 1,.;: Ui~.., 1f-t...1lh T"""'~ A-'i6,)

    l-l~, 13':1f.~ Bh-/lo.

    ~7 ':-

    "'~- 100\1

    c.." 0..... (til'!' - ''1-0)


    DS

    ::: 12'U.1.c1~

    "'of'" "'/.7 "f, ': b1'T'f -t ().~ (/01(,) ~ tooe.r 1S~"b .

    Alr~_Y\q, ~ ""c!> -t u:e ,6cr _- ~4.lf'f ~


    ~ fO'~I'" fC)(IlCf'~/.,."l!!t)1
    ~~~I&fl ==i'3. 12. 8/1.../ I/,
    Lb
    10
    oft.. nrn
    L

    Cool.""

    ~o.ter :

    h,o

    AI

    "'L"{ 7'0)-:' 2.i.Oi'lJ\-/I~)

    hu ~ "'flltl ) ~ S8.or (J"."../Ih

    rtu...., ,_'roe. "1 ~ s+c....""", '0,:) Jho-..a.";) 1, 0.. c.colf',tvo I VDlv"""-A.e ... e..Lotir\~ ~"-- ~ ..... .vl.e~ Me<SS' 1.0'\\ e.""'~""S't ~ lo,.t ..""e,..t...o

    CA) EVAluo.+c. -\'- _ u

    t-eL,c.~ 1v rV'4.~S=

    ~1l~I#-",J
    [\-\r-"'" J

    j-/33

    ~.9e,(T4--r,)
    (k S"-k'lJ

    PRbBLEfo't

    q.8'S LCe~fc:L~)

    ~V\") 1/4.\14.1

    'TlI\$4' r:

    e:,o = siz.. R..

    :.

    ~ (1~~::3 ~~ItJ =t- '2. 't

    W\S'; (i'Y..fO'" I&{h)( \.l.~ B-h...l1b '~I( )l.'UCo2. - G.40J


    t UB3.Q- r3.12.J
    Fb('

    c.o"" -!Yo I

    A.

    ~(Cl"'CI.f

    eo .... c...t.o .si~

    voLu .....e

    re~c~

    -w

    -r'-

    lS.ft,..jl6. oft.

    6'.2.3 X.I()~ ilL

    h:

    C4;0/ll,d fllots-e0 /A4AS&'

    4JA.J e

    ~07

    Y'll-f<-

    ")'~

    it

    ~ = ~\ <. ~7 - kg) ,:(6.1.1 ~/OS-) (IOOl.,,,,,- f.1.:n]= r. (,a )(fOTk" - ~IO


    (~)

    (.E8.oi - ~8.o8 )

    \'-",c+ power developed Ittl 1'''''- ,q.r

    ~ .... b '.... e

    c..;.

    W, ':. Wt. - We": tt,,.l("~ -,) - (.. ~-~,)]

    =(C;'tloS'.J")(V1.'lIt-.)l(&a~o
    lb 0/to

    '": ~,cp l tr,.1)-(T~-1i)]


    IU';;l.) - (11.1S'.!- '40))"1( =S.Cf31< ,l e/cA..
    k.

    Tlo..o -*' rOl.Al~r c:J.-ee lIeluped .,~.,..... v-,or C'yc.Ce ~

    Ws ~ ~i;. _ '.At, ':. ~s\l\o\c.-

    "1) - (I" - h,)] ': (-;.2.3 ~'OS' ) (fIl rflJ - /oot.N)- (11.'2.- "

    ~ lll.+cf)< 107 B""/A.-

    .....

    '

    * <\i"l~

    W\1 t ~1-"~) ': ~ CpC1j- T~) ': Ci~/Of'~'XI. '2.'1- ~~/~)(t8(.o -

    12:3S'.t)'l

    ".1! y..IO'" 8~/~

    ~s (h(.-~!,)::

    (>.2.1,10('")(

    (j,'3 -" ".,,-cl)-L 107 _ O. 32. ~


    ~1.q8+ to.rl-) 1.(:)7"

    13Tt.~

    -1l&"3.1) -:.

    /o.I'TX(fllJ"-'''-

    (32.. ~~ )

    cc)

    cQ'V\- ~e"", [h'l-h.o]


    T'-'M\ .

    4)

    ~4r Ws

    Q'1I'l\

    .1y.D

    '=

    ""'1 (~1''''~)

    1-

    ( 48.76'1./0 ""

    Cr1.1 f'/-/o't')

    ~NowN: operA+i"'j dA.+....

    prov~d~d ~r

    0."'

    poWtlr plor\+'

    eo-.loii'te4 ~4S +W'"I0.'''1~- v""fOor

    0-

    \)~~..-;""~ (A) ~~U f-LoVJ rc...... .r of+k~ a.ir, sfe'c...""", , 4Kc! O:&ol,'~
    (.10) ......... ~ ... pO""".". d.e v-c.wpc.d b';) -t1- S4J ~Ir1;I1C. o.",cl -H- Vo-,oor

    FINO:
    WcAo"--\"J

    (e'reehl/.lO

    C'1c.\-c 1

    +&....

    1 (c.)

    +~,..~

    ~u'fl'

    tt\.e.,

    1~

    ~~Lc1,..",ed

    ~'1 e L.e/

    (d) ...t- IN.+ ~ ~ ... ~....; CAJl"r.'.ec-J o~ c..u.'~ -f'G...t ~~+- ~"Y'l ~~
    (~)
    f ...... ......t- I\+-b. ~~ cA Cf.,r"..'9.j oJ w.f(... ~ Cc>ol&'~~ w""ter.
    ~ c ""-_.....J::4.

    Co

    Co

    ,II.""

    1>-.;....:

    CoD I i.,w....t er

    V!j"OY" C..,e~

    "

    Ii-

    ci'W\=

    611ke '~"J l i l :

    I,S-

    5"00

    10
    I
    S2.00
    I
    Y\c. -:. isoto) 't'\t= i?%

    7", @ d ..~ '0 , lio =

    12.S"

    J'Z.S"O

    ,.t...,)

    TCOc)

    Sl..i~

    I. Se

    0.,

    S~+. \t'~.

    e.

    Qssu_"h'~

    1-5

    of E)c4h"'-,olC, 9 .'3
    z.

    ~ "'f::' 100 0 / 0

    V\-t= C:H> %

    '3SOc...

    AtsvMP7'O~~:

    0.(

    'l

    to 0(,

    "0: 2.0 0 C'jpo":. (I:>A r-

    soHW

    AUA'-YSIE:

    8.~ii'\, b~

    ,tv ~
    ':. Pt;{ ~) ':

    .1I~Il>AhlI'\j eH~",,-h,...l ~".c-('k, et.o.~.

    b& s Tur b

    At- 2. Cft Ie J T.,. bl f' A-1..l. ~ V 001

    l1 I

    PrJ'1.s

    ,'! ~""J(N) :. lB. Cf C.

    432. C/

    '2.& '=

    '=

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    ciD.-(r, ~.f#Ae. Y~tA..tt-e..J rlol-

    IT Code
    T1 = 1400 11K
    T3 = 300 11K
    p3 = 1 II bar
    rp = 10
    p4 = rp * p3
    p1 = p4
    p2 = p3
    mdot = 5 /I kg/s
    R = 8.314/28.97 II kJ/kg-K
    Wdot_t = - mdot * R * T1 * In (p21 p1)
    Wdot_c = mdot * R * T3 * In (p41 p3)
    Wdot_cycle = Wdot_t - Wdot_c

    IT Results for rQ = 10. T 11400 K

    W =4626 kW
    t

    W = 991.2 kW
    c

    cycle

    = 3634 kW

    'PLOT:
    4500
    4000
    3500

    ~
    (])

    ~
    'S

    3000
    2500
    2000
    ' ""'\ T1 = 1400 K

    1500

    ' " T 1 = 1200 K

    1000

    T1 = 1000 K

    500

    o
    2

    9 10 11 12 13 14 15

    q-143

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    ".q I

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    I V, O.oo~ n.,l

    ""------------:-

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    IT Code
    p1 = 100 II Ibf/in
    T1 = 860 II oR
    Vel1 = 0
    mdot = 4 II IbIs
    p2 = 40 II Ibf/in 2
    Rbar = 1545
    MW= 28.97
    R = Rbarl MW

    v;. (~) .t1..1-

    ""t.

    I.Q"S XlO'1
    .e 6'\ l. 'S5 Xl 0- z,

    .:511

    1'535Xtcr'Z.
    I. S~ I )(o-'Z

    olo~~ tAJl~

    rr, a.S follot.U&"

    s2 = s1
    s2 = s_hP("Air",h2,p2)
    T2 = T_h("Air", h2)
    Vel2 = sqrt (2 * (h1 - h2) * 778 * 32.17)
    M2 = Vel2 / c
    c = sqrt (k * R * T2 * 32.17)
    cp = cp_T("Air", T2)
    cv = cv_T("Air", T2)
    k = cp lev
    v2 = v_TPC'Air",T2,p2)
    A2 = (mdot * v2) I Vel2

    h1 = h_T("Air", T1)
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)

    r-e~is

    ~(~&)

    \.0'46
    1'S~'1,~ I. 'l2lf

    et.V'c..

    lie.

    IT Results for D:f = 40 Ibf/in.2


    h1 = 206.5 Btu/lb
    h2 = 158.9 Btu/lb
    T 2 = 663.9R
    c = 1262 ft/s
    k = 1.397
    V 2 = 1543 ft/s
    M 2 = 1.223
    A 2 = 0.01593 ft2

    PLOTS:
    1.4

    1600

    1.2

    1400
    1200

    11 =-1

    1000

    0.8

    en

    0.6

    or

    >

    0.4

    800
    600
    400

    0.2

    200

    a
    40

    50

    60

    70
    P2 (lbf/in.

    50

    52.8

    60

    80
    2

    90

    100

    50

    60

    70
    P2 (lbf/in.2)

    70

    40

    80

    90

    100

    P2 (lbf/in. 2 )

    9-/15""

    80

    90

    100

    Pf2.08~

    't.l 2.0

    KNOWN:

    AL'r W'd'k le =-l."I flows 1:S-e~-b--op'GC4lllj t"'Vl)""~ o: elif.fus~r-,

    fiND',

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    "

    1-0

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    70

    T~

    y"

    T').o

    a~r

    (~,',5f)

    (bg,',50)
    ( E1'152,)

    ITCode
    p1 = 4 1/ bar
    T1 = 290 1/ K
    V1 = 512 1/ m/s
    k=1.4
    Rbar = 8.314 II kJ/kmo(K
    MW = 28.97 II kg/kmol
    e1 = sqrt(k * (Rbar I MW) * T1 * 1000)
    M1 = V11 ct
    po I p1 = (1 + k - 1) 12) * M1"2)"(k I (k - 1
    To I T1 = (po I p1)"k - 1) I k)

    P = 10
    e = sqrt(k * (Rbar I MW) * T * 1000)
    M =V Ie
    Aratio = (11 M) * 21 (k+1 * 1 + k - 1) 12) * M"2) "k + 1) I (2 * (k - 1)))
    po I P = (1 + k - 1) I 2) * M"2)"(k I (k - 1
    To IT = (po I p1)"k - 1) I k)

    IT Results for p = 10 bar


    To = 420.5 K
    Po = 14.6 bar
    T = 290 K
    e= 341.3 m/s
    V = 260 rn/s
    M = 0.7616
    AlA* = 1.056

    f"f?OI3l-M q. 120

    ( Ctn-ffJ.. )

    Pun>:
    600 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    1.6 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    1.4

    500

    1.2
    400

    ..s

    300

    :E

    >

    0.8
    0.6

    200

    0.4
    100

    0.2
    0
    4

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    P (bar)

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    P (bar)

    2.5 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    -.

    1.5

    0.5

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    P (bar)

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    - - - --

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    A1.'= " c~
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    =>

    .M. , =0.2.

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    ,
    I ,
    Vx':.,S'co.f : : ~

    ~Tx~~oK
    M~':.l.8

    ::
    , I

    AS~MPTtO~S: ~ a.iIr is a.~ itleA.( 5Q.s 0.;,,",,- ~~ec\:h(. heed Y'~\l)I~="~'


    ~NAV1!>\S'. (0..) u~\~~ T-.Io\e 9. 7- ) tt+ t1.')C -; \.8:,
    f~ (f)C ':. 3.<0\33 ~ f'j -::'('3.b\ 33)(. 'S 'oM' )
    =. t. So fo~ bv, .,

    (6) U'7\~~ To.\'k. ~l\,

    0;\- ~)C

    f~
    (C.)

    IrDX :.

    Also ~yy\ To-lo\< ~.\)

    s..,-

    (~) To co..lc.~\cA.\e.

    s~-~x

    ':.

    p~

    l~8 ~

    O.ti'-(O't

    ~ Po~ '=

    C. S \PM'S)
    \'~O~

    T'l'frOx. = .,,~ 80 ~

    \0'1< -:.

    =;1.

    4lD,.'1

    13

    l< ..

    L.

    Pox

    EUf ..
    4l--

    JOx

    S)c )

    CrJV\\T~/T)C) -R. ~ (~lr~)


    1ku.e.. \"Q..\-\.os CiMA 'oe. rev..! cl(~ec..+la:1 frOW\ To.lo\e. 't. 2;
    e,

    ,~-s)C::. t.ocw ~ (\. S3Uo') - 8.3l"l ~ (3.<0 \3'3'


    =.

    D.OSGl3S k.'J" I~.K.

    Ol'Of'1

    lIIIlI-ca_ _

    -----------~

    ITeode
    px = 0.5 II bar
    Tx = 280 /I K
    Mx= 1.8
    k=1.4
    My"2 = (Mx"2+(2/(k-1)))/(2*k)/(k-1))*Mx"2-1)
    py I px = (1+k*Mx"2)/(1 +k*My"2)
    Ty I Tx = (1+k-1 )/2)*Mx"2)/(1 +k-1 )/2)*MY"2)
    pox I px = (1+k-1)/2)*Mx"2)"(k/(k-1
    Tox / Tx = (pox I px)"k-1)/k)
    dels = 1.004 * In(TylTx) - (8.314/28.97) * In(py/px)

    '1-180

    IT Results for Mx = 1.8


    My - 0.6165
    Tox = 461.4 K
    Ty = 428.8 K
    pox = 2.873 bar
    py = 1.807 bar
    Sy - s, = 0.05933 kJ/kg'K

    4
    0.9
    -;:-

    ('Il

    .0
    ~

    0.8

    Q)
    ....

    :::l

    >-

    IJ)
    IJ)
    Q)

    ....

    0.7

    a.

    0.6

    0
    1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9

    0.5

    Mx
    1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9

    2
    ------ py
    ---.t.- pox

    Mx

    600

    0.1

    550

    0.08

    SZ

    500

    OJ

    SZ

    ><

    450

    0.06

    I-

    '?>- 0.04

    400

    IJ)

    0.02

    350
    300

    0
    1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9

    Mx

    1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9

    Mx

    PR06<M 'l,,25
    ~NOWtJ ~ A~r ttlow$ ~ro~n C'\. ~ve.y~\V\~- Q.~"U~I~~ v:o'Z.'Z.\e ~
    cA IS ~__,es to t\r.4. ~tMosf~~t'~. ,he t-lolA) ',,, ISe.V\-\T~\(. u.p

    -to

    FlNt> ~

    ~ .e,~\.t-

    l)~tern\\",e (<A)
    t'tz.Nfev'~~.e

    f\OMe.

    \}.)~ef<t

    (X

    ~t'MA\ Ghoc.k. s~wh.

    the s~V\C\ticM.. f'('t'S$\A.reJt O )(

    ) To x. ) 4.\\a (c.) ~~

    Y\o"Z."Z.-I.e.

    (b). &

    e_+ a~.

    S-\-ODIV\t).~

    '((I""

    p':)
    ~
    KJ'.:1 ~
    ~'2
    D., Wo/'

    -..

    -:'1\t.1

    \'ofllll\~

    T\1 ':: S '+OO~

    "M::'

    As>u MPTU>N ~:O)Tke eli.r beko..ves a..~ ~\I\ ',cl&4l (jA.!.) wi,"" CDl\S~ k= l ..'-'.
    (2.) ~ t\.o~ ""\) +0 ~ s~o c.IL.. \$. "\s.eu.+rOf~C. .
    MvAl-'(5\$ ~ (0..) vl'),iAj To.~e. 'L 'Z. ,
    o.t f{ ~ -=- '2. 0 ~

    P'Il f')C ~ 'f. S 000 =t>

    1\ ::. 3 ..z.f.,i

    \\'f(~iAOZ;

    p)( \ Po" -:. D.("2' 80 ~ Pox -=- 25. 5fo ~

    Pox
    -.ai-----

    1M....

    (b) 'S\~\\Q.Y~"' T~(T)(~ \.fpS15 =t>Tx ~ 32.01<:T x (Tax-::. . S SS S b -t> T 0)( ~

    o..v..A

    S"1"

    0(.

    -E-a.---------.;.;.

    (C\ T\\Q.. ve\ocl~ A. t x l S


    ~ ~ M.')( 'V k RTx

    PltoG\,efw\ ". 11-lJ,


    \(~QvJ~~

    Fl~H):

    'Sell. fn:>\'~M- Cf. 1:Z 5

    1>~tefM \~Q. ~

    -\'hrou:t ttr~ ~~ ~ e~~ proc.{uc~e( per

    v..wt W\.Q.SS of. (LtIr +tow lll\j


    AtJAViS\S: 'ProM T~b\e tt.1
    ; Ax / ",-"

    =.

    f. "615 =t> A. 1E :: I.Ias I~~ . . . . ~


    . _=~

    '1"hQ.. e~~ fro~d is

    (j!w. ::

    stj-Sx

    ~ ~ DM~1"'x) -Rk~~lp'lC)

    = (o:v-tO ~Ott 1AA(l.b~1S)


    ::: 0.0225

    .....

    6\U/l\'~-<aI--

    -(~:.~~~~)~('t.sooo)
    _

    A\r- flows +hro~h ~ COl\'Jet""3'~~ c!w<W'8'~~ Y\o'Z.'l.\<. A V\orrM..(


    shock. ~ta.\A.ib ill\ ~ dlv~r't1~~ sec~ J ~ ~ ~ l~
    isw,trc)~~ et sew kete .

    WOWb)-.

    l).et~m\\Ae..c~)To)()(\o)

    'POl(

    J(c) 1>)( "C(}..) p~J~e) PO~J OM..ctrf)~~.

    A\SO J de~~\\A(2.. ~ MASS fWw ~e. dM.4. ~ ~~\t (t'A",e. ~reA..

    d C:,l VN

    SCldi?t\M1c..

    'DA-T1t ~

    F\ ~ 3.4

    ~'Z. '= 2..'t

    ~M"

    :" - _ _ -

    T\~5}0l<:.

    Po~

    -:,

    ....

    ,
    "'" '"
    ~~:1.g

    '"

    ...~ f
    ,~

    b;(r

    :..-.:

    M~'#-O.+

    rD':!

    To,~r.!

    ot

    ,,

    \. ': l.Y ) <:v ~ '.004 ~J I~.~

    a.w-

    ASSVMPTtOtJS ~ Tke.

    be ~"'ves o..~ a."" ~cJ..e""l

    ~j)l.~ w'd'G: ~s~i' ~~ci,~lG ~e~t~ (It. '= f. ,+).

    q.\ ().~ Ct 4.
    0 .C1"SEl't ~ Tox : 541.0.. . . .~

    AN,M.YS\~. Lts~ T()~le.5

    (G.) .M. \=0,4 =\> T1/'to k:


    <.b\ f,/PC)(::' 0 .aq 5"'2.. ~
    (C.)

    = 3.?i" bCVV" ...

    .f:'\.)('=-l.8 ~ f)(/fo,,::' Oali404 ~ P)c ::. 0."'''01 \,a,r ...

    0.+

    <"d) ~
    (e,)

    fo')(

    _10)(

    .M.x : I. s j

    1'1 'j::'

    O. fD I" 50

    'P~

    1P>t :. 3. Co \ 3.3 =t> P~ ::.

    :t> 'P~ (Po~

    ::&

    2.'3 8'1 \p~ 04

    1'\..uA

    c,;"~ ::fi",~~' ~

    f:

    '=

    ~~

    0.1135'1 =t> P.~ '3. oB~ I,a,-r..

    ttl TOIj : To): :. 5~.O I( 4 - To d.e~l'Y\ ''''e. +1A.cz.. W\((.~ f\t;w \fo.:le) We. ftys+- Je~t'J\I~e
    -fkYOM ) w-l.uAi. f{u. orua: l~ "vtOWY'l. ~+ ts.
    T" = (0.83333) C54'7,0 K) =455. ; ~
    \f,",-::'

    -.l1<
    f,,~
    ~~

    tk c..cJl\O.lfult-s

    ~t..Jtu..

    (l.~)(a.3\4l\- \c.T )(4155.8"-) f\03tJ:..~r r~""t.s:r 42.'1~ Wlls

    2.8.' '1 ""'IC.


    (D. 51.-82.8) ( 3.1Gil- ~4K) :: 2.005 l.,Aor'
    4

    IN

    I \c.,!,

    '2.

    II ' ~1=o.t6'-=-~ 'M


    It.-

    :1

    ~: .f.lA~~ ::. (2..oosloar)(,.bXt6 '1M )(42.1.q,"(s21~lrot


    RT~
    (B.314 I<.T )c 4SS.S Ic:)
    \ ba.t'"
    2S::i' Ic..,.j(

    lo3 N ' 1\I\

    Now) ~W'\I\S+re",W\ ef.~ Sw,clc. J l'D'j:' ~,()8(P1otM'. -rb f:z/foCj= 0.";17::;> 11,,=0.(,(
    AlSo J T 'J./T.~ :. 0 ~ 3 ofc,4 ~ T ~ = 5 eft., ". tJ"w

    \f: := 11 \ k RT.,: ~(O.(, \)


    2

    r(\.4) {8.'3\4
    )( 50C(.1) \ 103 \
    \ ~8~1

    ::

    2'15.'1

    f\~ttt~

    A = ~ RT2: :.(0 .+~e) (~~~~~5)


    17~\S"'"~
    (? .4) (ZiS.'l)
    "1

    I' l03

    lOS

    ::

    '1!o'fX{O-'"

    mls.

    rn~....._ _- - --Az.

    q ... l28

    PROf.31..6M.

    ----+

    y~-

    '"-''/' ' -

    ..............

    ~r'
    e., li
    -:. I -, , , ~

    ~ '::. (.<0

    A 10" ::A

    Pl.: Pc,lf:
    "'2..0
    ..J

    .'

    '., 'T. =: I: ::. 100~R.

    ,..

    z.

    o~

    ,
    ,,

    \Vi '::. 4 S" \10/ s

    M.'::. l

    ~ZO
    AsSUMPUONS:

    1i=J.p,,~4

    (I)

    The conrr-ol VOluMe.

    lS

    ().:~. &~.~ ,(2) lown.s+r~M

    er

    -the. t\O'(vY\~~ 5~ock. J +~-flew 11" 'is~opk ... (3) ~~i-lc.t-{ e~~~ efk~ tt~
    fke e~tt "-\~hG ~\I\e~~ ClAM 10(.. \I\~ le.c~.( 't) fu c:ur \oel-.a.\Ie.s OS '<.11\. lde.oJ
    ~tU W Lt{,.. k '::.l. t.t .
    AtJAWS'S: USI~j ~ froM TcJb\e. 'i. z, ;
    H lA -= O,(oCo~4Y . 1~U.5, ;~-teryola+l~
    iIA "Ta"'\e q.l
    tv\- .M.:. O.{gCDS?4'i
    <.J
    T ~ ITf)~ ::. O.q 111 J..

    f\j I

    PC9~ ': O,1l{O~3

    A':j I A~
    Wi

    +'"

    -=.

    i<)Cj ~ 100 of< ; T':1::'

    To .cli:A~

    I, I" 3>q <6

    <:04 ~.~ OR. fAItJ.. Wl~ 'Pe~-:' 20 l!Jtlj,.~j J>cj '::. ILf, <611 lJJ.1 ill\L

    V;

    z:

    1,15'15

    .H'bf'

    V""'j :: M'j JkRT,j = (O.(,(,2'{~) (I-tt) \28!11 '1,.,aJlCo41..Cf~13l.\~.q~~

    '::. ~30.1 .t-+(s

    Also)

    RT

    11": :: ~ :.
    ~

    Avv).. >hw,.

    f~

    15'iS R-1P.\~01 (,41. tt o~


    2i:1i
    \.
    \

    t: 1l.{.g-11

    ~(~lI\'")

    I \~2.. I
    \'1't

    :1..
    111\

    ::.

    /~.057.f.f3llb

    \1
    A'K-:.. A~/ {_l1..~qll ~ O.lT~q

    -A-':...-

    De,.j"lt

    FIND:

    SC'+IfMA'f1 c

    '''f:''''

    A'SO~PT,CNS: (I)

    ...~

    E,. q.SS,

    (Q.)

    T"-e

    c e ... t-rot

    votu .... e. cl.\ouo",

    ''''eo

    l'l)

    ..... +'" c.o", s+" ..-t os p e ~, ftc

    3 AS

    h e~i

    t"'A.

    ANAL.YSIS: C.,,)

    COrlserVc.ho",

    O.f

    ~r'~S$~d ~,

    ft.lA. e

    r 1Y if

    IQ..<

    Sec...o",e:t

    <:.c> .... h, .. e tI

    e.,.

    c..s

    ffoo.u,""j

    h'o

    of

    (1)

    Eo,. '+7

    ~&...'u.-.

    AS

    ,,~

    c....... H

    .......onc)"" r s e.'I-p~SJ<J.
    I:f. 48. U Si ....,
    idb.1 JAJ

    '"

    .d t:RT)C =

    PIC ,..

    E'i' tt 4fo. Gh1S~"'''.i\o",

    re WI','".'''
    .... s

    ....s et;. q
    r d,.ho.... t

    VTY

    o"'~ Sol\) tio"" il:> -t&...... "'''Ah'o"


    prop.... h.es ~ 0. flo.... +.........5""
    ~

    of

    "$

    .....

    My(llo
    ~

    ""kL,~

    CA'"

    CA",

    '-'t..

    11" k ~y1.

    '"'1: M" J t.or .... rpoMd.. ..' 1'0 ~ ~......".~ ,'",


    c..u...tvol 1101.. _
    "" ......... A)(:.A y . Tt....$

    i ...~"."" "'ere.

    iv,'",",

    Wkt.""

    ""'11.( l+ ~I fAi) ::
    II -+
    \""

    ~~,s.d

    ~:

    +"'-.

    o...bo,,~

    ~'b",h'o",,'s

    ,,~l

    ---'lr

    -..0

    )\..

    M.;L (l-+ \coi' 1J.y'-)

    (loto Ii: ~yl. )L.

    1 \)"d."~""0c.

    0..

    [l"-i? -!ttL] + Mt t- ,tel. J

    So1Vi"'6 +'--~uAd"'A""C. ~'lVA."'"'" ~

    E.ct.

    e,. '1'S3.

    Myl./1.

    ,\- b.e u ....c.,r

    WI'-\-""

    A.t

    /,JJc......e.t..

    Py My

    T)(

    M~(I+ k~"'1C'I.)'h

    (b).

    's

    ...., J\C.~ Ty

    (loty

    PI' H" :.

    0'" I w"'--.

    ft,l.A.Ye.,

    ,.(0.... ( , ....1

    Jy".J

    V(.

    ~TlC

    IS.

    e)C.pr.tS~d

    is

    """ASS

    ~,."'j

    c>.cC'O....,

    oth t.d
    A)( .. A y .
    ....

    ~ (( 0 .... S:

    ""1

    J 10

    ul"tiolo\

    ,..... -tl.\e.
    ,'1.

    of.

    ,La"",

    A.Hu .... tfu.

    c'f. '57

    (C)

    DATA:

    S 4-~ .. cl.) ,,+.d~

    N~fD...

    E,. tII.S',

    (0)

    ~. S"

    Poy :: P"I [

    Rc

    + ( "~ ) ~-/" ]

    M y'2..

    ive.s

    /C/(~,)

    [1-+ (r.~) k~'ltll~'I)


    1-+
    l

    ("i')~Y'2.

    \(./Ctol)

    ~ (I~') Mf
    &&I,

    oft.- E,. 1 f3

    ,.

    q.

    ss.

    s,uAred

    PR08LeMS q. I so

    ~~

    q. l'3 (

    1tl~ ~\4.~ .(pf~CAM.S

    str it

    i.,

    to

    b~ \A)~.RM. [1.\ ~ r.v()b\~\MS

    hf.(oTtI\I",rU aVo.l""A+~~ e.f ~~U.o.:h.~ \\ ~ .J.ikf.

    'i,130

    ~g~.<f.SO.) 9.SI" ~ 9.5'2.

    ~{

    ~.s. <7.53 J &fS'f ~ tf.SS) ~

    As ~\,l~rs ~ softWAN'1l.

    ~ ~ retA.&..t.r.

    vfIH:J)

    l"" "o\ve.

    'l.s"

    twL dt/tA.lls 01- ~ a'YOlj1a ....s ar.e left

    eonJ.~ tlO1\S are. Ic.lI1.own


    FINP :.

    ProbleM Gt. 1 8.
    Co..leu-lcde. tf..A.

    5g.-\MA-TlC-

    4 ,,\yeN

    t\an.ut

    o.-e"el6peJ

    dk~ ~ee.t

    ,"'-

    b~ ~ e",~ \~~.

    PMA~
    ...-:

    t!:',':

    ~ -:. 15'0

    'M ~

    fen- tkR. \1.A..floojok e"'~\I>\C!.

    ~I

    <lS ,I,/s

    V; =300 4 ,0 #ls

    I-~!I'

    w.

    Cb ... "' -::--_-_-~- - - - -


    CO'l\.h'ol "o\M.~e lS. 0.+ ~~ 6~ie. (Z,) ,h( .{orce
    is fu ~~t .foY'Ce ~h~ f) l'\ +1.uL GcM.fro\ VolAA.,"~.

    A$SUMPTI.OtJS'. (t) Ike.

    CD fx

    ANAt..ys\s~

    Afpt~ \~~

    ~,q, 31

    Fx~ ~ (\IS-V;)

    ::.(<?S" ~ ) (300tf,O- 150) U ,.


    ~

    ::. Sqs-o
    i~ ~!>+ i~ fu

    s~

    \bf

    tov'c.e. J.eveiope~ ~ fu. e~\i1e. ~s

    F+k(,lA.~t = - F)( = -

    SqS-O \\>~ ll!S


    ti-o ~ \e~

    I.

    1 'loaf

    ~2.Z ~b

    -HwlASt

    "'{he e(:.{ecf 0'- +~e 5\..(.YrOCAl'\~1~1j pW"'essu..-e 0 V\ .J.-k GOlAhol VOw.wce. cetlltc.e/.s.

    7--/4g

    KNOWN:

    Th e mc<~s flow r-a.k is ~ I veVl -fo-r- ~fZ. c';1c(-e. 1i1 Prohl<:m't.1b


    for -rlA.e W'l<,c<.'flec{ Ctjefe 1'11\ ProbkM G'f. j~

    A"tc(

    ~alw,ICtie -the -#1.ru.sf developed b.!1 the e~1 ~e Ii-. eAGl-. CAI.Ie.D,scu'S.
    SCHEMATIC 6 ~tVEN DATA:
    t
    FIAID:

    ,.

    Y;-:.).'So

    MIs /.~

    ~I

    ~~50~lS

    ~,
    ".....

    CD .... -::::.. .----._~-.::r-

    <D

    .f!S$UMPTtO/JS: (I) Thl. contra! va{.(,)')fe is i: s+e~ stAte .(Z) The. -royc.e
    'F)< is +lAe ned: {orce ac.fli-1a ~ f11.e U>YI..jn, I vaLrne.

    &lA-LYSIS',

    A 6'pl~ 1'~Cj

    ~. q .31

    F)< = ~ ( VS

    - v; )

    The ,.~'w;+ is -the-force d.evelcpJ. b~ i1te e.trnfrol Vt9l.u.rne.. ilus


    F-thrv.'f : - ni\ (V';; - V; )

    J V\S"~rl-1 ~ v lues fLY-sfJ

    t.

    -ro,.... 'Prob/.em q.8'

    F~rv.rl : -~o

    (+v.rbojQ,+)

    Iu,)
    ~
    S (JOoct -,2.50) s

    lc.~

    . Jo 31c.<j.mfs2.

    = -:3 7. q s Ie. N (+0 fhe. k.f.),4.

    ---!...:..:~
    -Ihrvst"

    S,mif(;VJ~) ftrr Problem 9.8'/ (fu.,.-boia.f+Cl.f1er6uYVler)

    F-fhrv-st = - (SD)

    (1080 -

    2.50)

    1,~3

    (Prch.Q.7'}

    =--41.5 kN {jo ..fhe1e(f)~A-

    th
    ~~
    ...usT
    (Prob:t.11 )

    o.a.dit-(~ of -tl1e o..f+ef"bc,vrVler IVJc'fases th'!. veloc;~ of ~C(se.s


    'eo..vl~c.3 +t1e -eV\.~i~. r", ft,tis CAse) the. reswhs CL Q.3 % ,~c. ....ea.~e. li-t
    -r~r(.tSt 'd-eve lopea b~ -fl1e e ~ ,i.e.

    T"he

    I.The et-fecf

    botVld.Q,y"~ CAlI\cels.

    of

    +he. surroUJi\c.lik'

    p~ssufe

    t>V)

    Hti2 GCYI'k~( V~.c.me

    KNDWN:

    The furbol)e.f ,i1 Probkm Cf1S ~nti +l-te Yh(>o.lf,ec,( .j.ars,ojet ,;'"
    Probkm '.80 a.re. re.cOYljide~d.

    FIND:

    eA/wlc.te

    5c lt6M.MtC S

    +he ~,.usI- developed

    ~l v6N J?Am:

    b~ ACLc. eh3lite '1>,suu.s.

    '1

    v-; =1"50 f/-{s

    <D

    volume: 'I~ 4+ 5te.o..t;{tj &fat-e .(2.) The force


    ~ is th.e net -force. o.c.flh!J ~ +he COYltrol V{)lurne.

    t\55V&1,oTlOAlS: (I) The c:on-Jrol

    I};NALYS'.5~ App\~jl~~ E'6.Q.31

    Gc : :. m (VS - v; )
    The. +hr<A,t is #Ie krue. deve.IDpeJ Q.'j fhe. (,(M/r'"ol I/CfLurne. "t'k.us
    F+kr~t -: - ~

    .:r(ls",rhli\~ va(,u('s."

    ~ (~-\f;)

    t-Ifst far 'Probk-vY\ q,lg (-ktrboje.f)

    L ~S" ~ )("3oo(,0-1S0 ) ~I
    I lbf
    .'1
    a2.2 ~ -f+/s'l.
    =-S~SO {b{.(fo Hte ld:t ).~
    5 1M iJ C( yo J~J -ior: Probl.e.m q.<to ( furbo.je+ + a.ff.e..... ~rt1er)
    F.y/,vv.sf -= - ( ~S" ) (1:tlS- 1$0 )I--.!.-I
    32.2FIJ_rw:t
    ~

    =-

    = -Coc;;0l

    +""s cose,

    ve.\oc(~ of 9a.s;es
    -t~e ~su.lt is 4... q,t{ /0 111\ creas-e

    le~vl~.9 thll eV\.~\LAe. I"


    in thrust ot.-e.ve.'fopec< by +ke e\-'t9i"le.

    LThe e#ec.t of
    bou.V\Q.o.Y~

    CPr()bo Q.78)

    -fltru..st
    ~~
    (Prob .<f .80)

    Ibf (fo fhe lef+)..


    -4I

    T~e. a.ddi+t~ of tAn dff.er bu.... "'~('" ,'II1CretA.,eS

    +hrust

    -.;....;..-=-

    the..

    -}Ike. sl.(,rrov..t\c1I~~ p"'es~u.re o~

    CiM'lce,ls.

    '1-15D

    -+ke c.O'l'\-fn>f

    VOw.Me

    "NC?WIl>~ A +-uvloojef <;V\.5IUe is aV\'c",(llfz.ed oV\ a.li\. Ct..lY"-s~lI\~vcl


    a'~ kvtowYl

    et.+

    VCtYlOUS loc.~~tC)lI\J.

    FINI> '. CCllculcde +~e. +kyu..st.


    ~JteMHI c. i (;l Vt.J D4rA:

    T}=/3(POK
    ~(.:;.8'7

    T
    : I~

    F'4

    I, P"

    IQ: 21 io K.

    v:. -:. Z&5


    '"

    _-;;1

    I
    I Compmsor

    :;':..- _J

    Pl/_5>5> __ d..-: l!::

    ~i

    --

    ~I

    P"/p,=IS
    '

    ~:
    -~

    _~

    --..I Diffuser

    (Jr V-) :

    h-,:-: O.sq

    p--_

    bvsis.

    Nozzle

    4~,,1
    i
    -~

    VI - 0

    Z. ~o \NI3( S l i t : . o.'t 1

    '5'=18 kPC\

    A-SSl>MPTlON~~ SDl.~e. s \\1\ E.x~W\(')e<i.1'2.1 e-.:cep+ \'\(.=0.81) "!~O.&q} '1.",=0.'1-'.

    t\=NAL'(SI~: To .ck-+e,(MiV\~ ~Q. ~V'\..lC.+) we. 'ot.Sl\A. ~~ .e.\~c.h"'j ~e. ve.loc(~ ~1


    t~ IAv"t,:zJe e"I.-\-\ 'J;. f\f~t +LX e.QClA of.+tu. tp(\It\C.\,PcJ '&t~.:\'s ("tx.loIe A-z').
    ~\e. ~ T(\:' '2.11.0 K. ~ ~C\ ~ 2'S .'t, 1<'J I~ .) f('o..:' 0.44088
    ?

    5We. t. A-f~~'l""'(\ ~~lj ~e te ~ ~~~ vser~


    ~\ ~ "'~-\- \r4\,

    \,)'2.

    ~ +- ~('5'&.V'A'!.2.1

    0=

    h~+ 'i.
    2..

    - ~ .1"\.uAs
    \

    N .\ l k.J"'_J =251.D8 k:J/I,a


    '&..
    ~
    2..
    I ~'Wlls
    IOaN.~
    -:J
    S'~ce. -tkt. ~:C(.U.Cie,(, 'is GtS.S\A.Mcul. \.0 o~a..\e lS~h-O~\c:a.t~
    f, ~ (1h / frc..') f": (D.143Q4/o.44088 )69 Icf~) =. 30.313
    :. 2\5."

    "r",

    ~ f!>r iSQ,\;\+r(!)~~c.. COY\l\pf"essi~) f-r,.-s:' 1h (?~/f,) :: rr.lsC} ~ ~20S~ S4S.lb~J"


    w,-t\i\ ~ U>~,(-t:sSDr e~G\'W~
    .5
    h~ \'\ + (\t\~~;\~ ':. SBCl.lC i:!/~ ) P-z.:' t s . P, ::455.to Ie. P"
    Sk-k~ 7 3 =- 1.3 (,0 1< ~ ""~= 14"'.4<t k':tflt4j ) p.. -a: 3CiCl.\
    Skk4.. for e, \-u.x\oOJtL\-.) Wc.'~ ~W,-{..v.. (1,.1.-~,):: ll-h(h l - h4- ' ~
    ~4S -= \~8'.<-'\ ~:~r I~ ,-=> 1{'~s:' \'?\.5l OA.<J.. t :.(rt: s/p-r~')f :. l'SO.\~
    Now) lOl-rv.. -\WL -\-wY\O\\M~. e~\c.leM~
    4\
    ~
    3
    ~::. ~~ - ( h, - '-"4$) Y'4. ::. \l 'Z.CL41 I! l ~ ~ ft4:: vs Lo,
    SWe. 5 roc -\.SQM.\r~\.c. e~FS\~ .fu:f0V-S'" ~ \A.o'Z.~~
    fros s :: Cfsl p", ) f(~ :. \.8.\\3 \t\ss:::'~ 2.5. b l \c.:J I ~

    kP~

    Now) lV\~ ~ lSeM.\-roQ"\C. V\c-z:de e~c.1 ~

    \rs :. ~ \f;.s =
    =.

    (opn')

    tJow) C1'f~\~~ ~.q.3l

    '2.. (\\ "2-CC.41-l9'25.b

    to

    .f.ovce.

    \)~~ 1\C3N'~
    lcej

    0....

    F)( ~ ~ (\rs

    w~ F',c Is ~ V\e*

    V\r-\ 2. C\A,,\ - ~ss ')


    \ vr

    II'ltJI
    """MIs.~1 : q881

    (,,0"':\"'-0\ V(l)\.u~ eMc.los\"-, ~ e~~re ev-.'5,~e

    -v;)

    a.c..h~j ~ ~ ~hs( "c'l\A.V'W' .


    q-151

    m(s

    ?J20l>.-SM q .GtB (Cern/;'d.)

    'kCi!.. ~S"> ~lol-U {"(Me is, ~w!


    (8.3\4

    o rr

    k,.::r

    )(2.11-'-')1'

    "",,- = ~;: = 'Z-S"ZI ~~';A


    ~

    \V\ :

    f", =

    2.~O

    W\I\ ~{s

    "30,~ W\~f~

    koYV\ ~ ':: ~'r).( 1J"4- I \.\}~

    .,

    ) .: :-i/ ,:. ~;:2:/ = 3.444 ...,,'3


    II'

    tD I

    :. (,(, .18 ,,~( s

    ("~:1 B "-5 )('188.1 ""I~ - 2~ 5 MI~) II I.oj'M(S2..


    l ~
    I'\0 leN3 NI:. 4\ 8.3 3 l<.~
    'So

    f'~o.l~ 1 ~ '\uv.s~ \5 ~

    F11

    "'N.YlLS-r

    ':.

    .\ofCf:.

    deveAc~ ~~ ~ ~~",e.) or

    L48.3'3
    -

    +0

    leN

    <Cd

    fkL '-e.'~

    q-J52.

    F~~.

    +Or -I-"'e ra.rnjef avtal'jz.eJ. li.-t ProloJetfII 'J.Sl.


    DeteY'n1lltle, +l.1e ra.flo o.f--I-Itte. +l.t . . t.tsr &-e.ve..lcopt>e( io +"'e. W\~SS
    .flow Y'~te e{. ().i;r .
    Covtd.;fton$ ((reo

    I<.NQWN:
    E/ND:

    SeW-SMitTle..

    4WE,1J

    }C/flOWVl

    DATA:

    If

    A)5VMPDQNS,: (I)

    The. c,dl1trol volu.me is a+

    ~eA~

    (J) i.s tke. net .force a.Clh~J ~ +1.1e. umf'r-ol vokc,Me.


    A1\!M.-YSl;; :

    A rr JY1~!1 1:1,. s.s /


    F)c -: ~

    or

    sto..-Ie. .~) TLte. .force

    (v:; - \f"; )

    ~ = ~-~
    = (12,Q -

    = 53ttl~

    (Oq t( L.( )

    . I N
    1 ~'M/.s4

    Nt_

    ~5

    1he. +~n.\St-l.s -tl1~ +Orc:.e. o...~"elcope.J. ~ -I--k.e e~ \i.\e. -rh,<A.S

    I.Tl1e.. effect e-{- f-ke.. surroo.~d, ~3 r~s~ Ut"e


    beu......clc:u~ CAlAce.Ls.

    q - ~5.3

    0\'\

    +kQ. <:.Drttrol

    F)'

    .:.ft

    PROf?JLEM 9. 100

    Air /low~ #trou.gh (/\ hort'1.()va+pJ, weLl- 1'II\,sulfkket olu.ct of CDns~C.t

    KNOWN:

    c.re>ss-sectioJ'\({ a.re~, :Da.k ~re.~nown a;f-tke 1'",l~tC\~elC(+.

    D.e~(mlne. the M~lI\i+Me d\'\& d.irecfloY\ e1 ..(./,te V\ef horiz.oni(,{(


    .force e.xev'te& b~ +fte. etue.t W/A(I f)V\ tke a.W-,

    FIND',

    !:fIJ.'!!IJ.'!!'lIL'':!!!!';'!!!.!'.! II'!.~

    i b(YEN DATA:
    p,:: :(.Co{ ~a.l'

    ;scHeMA-TtL

    /ili/nmn,n,ilii,i"iiitill!,i,ii,ii

    4)(

    1j ':. 430 K.

    d:= O,1~t!f\

    AN4LYSfl>: To -P,~d fhe force Fx


    ~ f2.'

    ~trst

    V;:: RT, -::. (fa~f


    ~ 11: 0(2./4

    -= ~ V;

    Bl.Vle(

    ~ )('l)O )

    (2.c..fb04"'S)

    PI

    w~ neee.(

    O.l>t{q I

    ::
    :

    (to

    Yli :. ~oo kg/m,Vt

    ::

    (0 IctJIS

    t=~)( Is -\k {or,ca Q~ ~ <!.uc.t

    \IJO.tl ~ ~c. C4:vr,


    ska..d.<j 6/-Q.-fe) ()..Kd Gev: W"v =0.

    ASSUMPTiONS: (I) The conrro! volume is a:t


    (2) Poteufia.( ene~y effecfs c1.re Y1e,li~;hle .(3)

    (j)a.~

    lit

    Tz.=310"

    T/tJe

    (A,'"..

    ~ves as 411 idea! 'jar.

    -10 eva..lu.C<Jfe #te velocifies

    IloS~/M~
    ~Gl""
    I

    3
    (0

    =. D.S-fli1. n-3{1:

    ", ."",
    11c:1

    od:

    'Z.
    W\

    k9 /s)(O.S'"/lZ.V\fl / b, ) :: IOlf.??> ""'Is


    C o.O'!Cil W12-)

    V;
    A.
    To ~l~<:l V;) b ~il1 ",,;,+\i\ +"'~ ~V\erq~ b&\lewtce. evt s+e~ si6.k

    o ~}{:: -jt.~

    or

    V-z.

    n:, l(~I- ~~) +-

    itt I c

    c.f!> 1.4 3

    2. ( <.(") 1.(f1-110. CD1

    \11.:

    r: ~[20

    2.)

    +- ~ ~-1~~

    =J2 ( h,- (" ... ) + II";" ~

    from Ta.J,/~ A- 2.2;

    ::. 3~1.(.0

    lVow J W'(+~

    A~
    A \T;.
    M

    1i7..::

    '=5. rk.u.s

    k'f" /k, o.M.ci ~ ~:: -S lO.~ 1

    J Ic:r
    1+
    \C:, II "',I Nt'W{s~ Illt)3~'M
    I k J"

    (0'(

    Ie:!/

    132.M 'zts 2.

    M{S

    Iv;
    ~

    -= A \h{ V"~

    ( O.OC{ q

    ::.

    I tYJ'")( "!>~'l. 0 ntIs) _


    ~(s)
    - (.1 ~l 'l.

    ( (0

    ~/L._
    V\1

    31
    '-( ) ( 10)
    3
    P ~ RT:z. =-( 8.
    2-e.ctJ ~
    ~::
    O,Sqtt b(M"" :: 5''(. ~ J:.~~

    FIIA<A.l~

    (1.1~11..)

    '0,",..

    '2.

    , \..l~ \~1

    E<f>' 9, '31 j

    10

    >

    'PI A - p~ A

    ~ ~ vV\ (v;.- \T,). lku.s

    v-: ) +(r"&.- PI ) A
    =( 10 V'y.. 3u~ ,0 -10<1.13) ~ II ~.~(s ...1+ (0, Sq<j -2.~) """IIO~N~;-1

    Fx =. 'rIA

    =-

    (\f""1.-

    <P21S N

    C+0 the. (.eft) ~

    (0.01{ q /'.....

    F?<
    '1-191

    KNOWN:
    FIND:

    Wafer +lOLOS oi: sfea.d..fj s+a.:fe fhrolAJlt\ a. Coll\sta. n-c- cltCtme4er


    horizon;f~( 1'ipe. "Da.te>- {).re icn ourr fOr flow thf'O(,(.(jYt .fi1e pip=.

    +he

    ma.~rli+-~e ~""d dlvech~ &t -fhe. hor i'Z.Dn~{


    ftJrc~ needed +0 nola. #te pipe. 1-1 pleu.e.

    Def.e.rm'J1e.

    SCHeMA-TIc. $ 6>1 \lEAJ DA-;-A;~

    (i~l.\l4

    c::

    wa.~rL-1-

    __ ~ ~~

    '70F
    Lx

    P. -!>
    ~ r,

    :.

    -2.

    = -

    =-,

    n;

    =;l.S

    0(: 2.l~.

    II:>f/lk2. 2

    A$SUMenONS: (I) The Gqnm,l v~lu.V)\e. is a.t .s+ea..~ 5-ht-k. . (2) The. wa.te r i.s
    "rtlodekd 'l~ It'\coMpresslh le I c,(,nt-'" 1.1:= Vf. (J, 700F' (3) T11e Qr12Q. f) f fhe. pipe

    j S U1'Y1 ~ 1-0. ra,t

    &lA-LYS\S:

    8e;) iV\ w',fh +'e. Wta~S hcda.l.1ce

    ~ ~ f-~

    =l>

    NoW J appl<j '''':1 ~. ct. 31

    Fx

    t f:A-

    -f~A

    ::

    s; -:: (P2.- P, ) A

    'r. =\f",.

    ~ (~~)
    :: (p~ -Pc )(~V<2)

    = ( - 'Z. ll:,f'III\2.) (1C'


    ="-

    ".2B3

    ~;

    '1

    lb+ (let+),dd

    This is +~e -forc.e at +\1e. plfe.em +1A.e. {-~et J ()J~ \ d", Gods 40 +he J~-H ..S\~c.e
    the, .f.llA,\cl iOree O'Y\ ~ ~\pe is 1t> +\uz. r\j~t) t\\lS IS a.\so+l.te cllreC+l&r\ ti
    ~e ~c.e

    !"e'",lrt.a to h~\d. ~ fl.pe. "Lr-\ fl~c.e.

    Ihfs

    p,::: IS ba.t
    7j ::. 3401(

    \T,'"::. 20 M

    (S

    ASSUtY1eTlQNS~

    .s

    Lx

    (I)

    Th~ control Volu.me. is a.-f s+eo..~ sf-a--ie) wi-l-~ ~c:v~::\,;,cv=o.

    (2) P()telll+(()l(~Vll.rtjj e~ec~a.re ne.!Jl.i~.ibl-tL .(3) TAe a.ir is modeled a.s Gtl-'\
    idea,1
    w~uCh CAM. rll"..cJ..a!j be vertftec1.(4) F-orpayf Cb)" lef 1;;= 3001<

    3a.D)
    ~n.&. 'Po = I bcvr.

    To fl~cJ.. the. +orela rx) 'Us~ E~.q.31

    ANALYSIS: CO.)

    Fx ~

    P, A I

    p:z.A2.

    = Wl (v;.- V; )

    (~)

    Now) .f.J~c{ v-~ u.s l~~ the. e.-terlfY ba.(~&.tce fer ftte s+eA~- sfet+e. ccwfrf)f vou.,me

    wl1eV'.. ~,

    o : Xvc:.~o+ m [(1.,,- hz.) H 1f;~\r2:2.) t-~ ~~)J


    =."';1.. =. ~. -rk.u.s, w;+"'oI.a.+tt.. -froM Table -'\-22

    v;. :: J2

    Ch,-Lt 2,,) + V;2.

    2.(~~O.42 -

    3DO,(1) J,..:r
    k'j

    1'1<~*",Js2.!1
    I

    tV

    '

    JO.3 N W\ /.,. 20

    11c.:r

    M2./S '2.

    =- 284,1.{ VJ1{s
    tJex+) c.a,[ud41e A'2,.
    A"J;=

    n:2.2. :. 7.SS'IXLO- s

    YVJ '2..

    e..~

    111 ::.

    A~v;.
    "tJ"z..

    v; f'2.

    A~

    R'\"Z-

    = (1.95'1)<10- S m'2.)(2.8f.4 ~(s)('t 11C(,f') !lOStJ{wt'Z.]


    EL~I "1
    ( ;.8.Q1

    kJ" ) (3t90k)
    Ie:., '1<

    :. 0.2-335 ~/s
    Fur+~eY'

    q -15"

    lbar

    I
    lO~N'1NI
    I ~J

    PROf!JUEM q. J 0 Z

    5<:,1 VI JiJ, (~) for F'i(


    Fx = -n.? ( V; - V; ) +- rZ. A~ - P. A,
    I~sev4-l~

    vA(u.es

    t; :. (0.2. 335 ~ )(Z8(.4 -20) ~ I, ~~IS:l1


    t(q har )('1.8S'tXIO-S1Z}II~~~~;11- (, 5)(7.595 XIO-'f)I'OSI

    = - {007
    t +0 ~e. le/+

    "";';

    tJ~4

    ---

    Wi+k E.d :. To (r(.v ) ~ ~o\v,~ ihe. e~-\n?r~ be(\Ctll\ce.

    .
    eel

    Fr-c:>rY\

    To

    ~ -r;,

    nil

    =.

    Ta.ble

    A-22 j

    (. s z. -

    +or- 0-,,,

    I )

    res:--: )- R. ~ fZ./?1 ]
    5,0:. 1,827Cto k...J/'=,1<. ~

    s; :: '.-'0203.

    1'kus

    .
    e~ = (c3ootc)(O.Z.33 S ~)r(I.702.03-1.6:n~o)_(:B.3IY )~(.!.)lkjl' kWj
    s
    ~
    :J.B ~1
    '5 IJ IcJ I 1 JJ/s I
    :: ,. 452 lw-4

    Ed

    '1-/51

    PROPJLE#l q. J 0.3

    90s o.f "'" kt1.own fe rnpertJ.flA.re .


    ])efe.r-m,v,e +~e SOttLe. veloeify,
    Ideal

    KNOWN:

    lALQ:
    ANM..'IS(S~
    (cA)

    Eft:t37 tJlve~the Sonl'c velocity.

    Alr-a.t

    ~ JkRT

    Co

    k =J,1f

    hOOF =S2.0R.. :::t>

    :: (I. Lt)
    :. 11/8

    ~4-.

    (15'15
    Ibf
    \ 2e~ '1 II-, .0R,

    CTahle. A-2.0S-)

    )(S200~) 132. 2 +4 .Ib Js"l./


    I

    U'f

    His 4iiil~I----------------~

    (17) D2 a.f f/oo Ole. -=I>' k = I. 3c..S

    j(1. ~(gS)(I'S'IS

    C. -::.

    (c.)

    Ar o..t

    PRO(;C"M

    q.

    KNOWN:

    3Z.DO

    z]

    :: 13 82 /+ls~.i--

    SC/oR.. =t> For a. mono/-omlctfa.s) lc

    c.

    >

    J0

    (5/3) /.IStiS \ (5'i0) 132.2.\


    l ~CJ ."24 'J

    A -Pla..sh of / j gh f n

    is heo: ('ot, .

    fIND:

    )CQSO) 13 2

    A-SSUMPTlONs: (L)

    The (Ai r-

    :. /DSq IHs

    4 -

    tLt

    is

    sfrilc.e

    20C = ,;2'731<

    Cr-fp hea.(, Ie .
    AMA-LYS(:; '.

    7tw.s

    > 5/3 .

    V!9 is s/~h fe..d.J And 3 sec.arids:

    Esf-Imttte. nC9w fttr a.wo..~ +t,e

    -=-

    ---.::::.

    Ia.fe,r +ltuA~d.er

    WA.S.

    .C.z.) The ;cle~/9a.s model ss

    From Table A - 200 J k = I,if. w,.+~ E~. GJ. a 7


    C::. (J,'i)

    (~.'3J4
    .2.

    =3't3

    e ff 1

    k.J"

    I<"t;) '1<'

    )(z..4:f~k)1 J Icj. M1SZ.ff,03N. V\I\


    , ~

    M{S

    f"sh ~ ~+ I ~5 +ke tl~te.t,N\ce. d

    q <! 58>

    J Ie. \i'

    PRo0lb1 &f. lOSKNOWN:

    Sf.eAm a. t

    E.1l:ll2 :

    Esft

    fA.

    lJ l've Y'I

    rn aJle.. -fl.1e

    sfa;le.

    veloc,il-J usi ~9 cJ.tt-I-tA -fi-r>rv) Table A-L/ and


    mode]. eot'Vlpt:l. YtZ .

    SOn ic,

    us tJ,,!J +he iaea! ~a.s


    Betjill\YtI VJ9 wi+l.t Ef.
    c. = J(-l7~)

    Q .3bb

    e: "j-c--tr-2.)---

    ~)
    .A t r .s

    where tke parl-ied den'voJI've is esI-tMo.+~d bfj u.s I i-Jj olt.f-feyeVtces 111
    da.:f~. A+ r=3(gf!)c/ p :~cD bCU" : if~O,()4'3'3/ Vllt3/k ,

    -labu{a,,..

    S = &.3 782 ~::rlk<j'K

    Iv,J'rf"let.f'Y\J lj;\ utj'tc.~u.* +cchle


    T

    v
    3
    m /kg

    Sat.
    280
    320
    360

    kJ /kg

    kJ /kg

    kJ /kg . K

    2602.3
    2680.0
    2767.4
    2845.7

    2801.4
    2901.8
    3015.4
    3117.2

    ~+ +le .s~rne.

    c..olU.Ml;\5

    eV\rrora-

    p
    80 bar'
    8.0 MPa
    (Tsat
    295.06C)

    Sat.
    320
    360
    400
    440

    0.02352
    0.02682
    0.03089
    10.034321
    0.037421

    u,~ I ~~

    e :.
    ==

    thes e

    2569.8
    2662.7
    2772.7
    2863.8
    2946.7

    2758.0
    2877.2
    3019.8
    3138.3
    3246.1

    5.7432
    5.9489
    6.1819
    6.3634
    6.5190 ,.

    vo.l~s

    - (O.~l.I3al

    2.) ~
    hA 3
    (BO -'to)

    -e

    (.o"?I{CQl -,0 sq'tS)

    I SN'~"L.'I' ~'M(S~r'
    '0

    bar

    I tV

    5"fQ,fe, Wl(s .....

    (}SIY.~ the. tu.~c.1-L(,Y\ .fer ~~O ..llA Table A-2l : "r :. -Z.()3~ k.~/~ .,<.
    ().JM:t Wt-l-IA '7:." R/(lc-/) " k.::. i. 2q 3. -rku.s J CkSSlA.(\1 ,jI\~ flv2. lc(~
    ~Q.S vy\otA~l

    c ::.

    It:: RT :. (I. 2C(3) (~;~t2)( b33)1

    lO~ j ~ (01"1.5

    V"l(s

    The. (d~~ at>-s MO~~' CAff~ 10 f>l'jV\i -fiGd""tLti O\ler-es+'\l\Acde ~ so~ic.


    ve.locl.'~ i:t:t t\tL<alV~V\ s~.

    etA. rbon at 0 xi ete 0'+

    l(:t,Jow ~ ~

    I h(Nr'" ~c1 ~ ~ \ veVl Ve-lDc.tJ.


    fiof fu ~C(.C.lA \-\.u.Mbe".- vevsus te~eY"a..+u.& V"~lI\~(~

    (:tNJ;2:

    +0

    /OOOK.

    A-"SSUMPilOtvS: T~e. ~yloo~ dlO)('~e.

    be vt"yif iu-t r~o..dl~ .

    AN A-L.'lS!..?-.

    5,("~f'-.

    4{(,,0

    a.\I\ \&e~d ~s ) as CAM..

    q. '31

    1'~u.s

    k:: I. :314.

    \2501::)1'
    1c.~.m'sZ.II,03N~1 :. ~4't.l WlI~
    k.~. K J
    ' N
    1 k:I'"
    Ic-T

    '\44.0 I

    '\(':.

    0.$

    T~ Z 50 Jc;.. flf"orva Eo.

    coj('A.,l/c...t-tm -(c;r

    =jQ.314'1 I.al"

    Now \ w i+k

    is 'Mode-let!

    l,

    c:: VIF-Rr
    Fr-orvt TeJ.,J,tz. 4- to J a.f T=-ZSo k
    I:

    fv-O)'l(\ 250

    Mts

    .H:. \fIe ~ 1.847


    T~e. ~ +Or ~Q. Y~t\.(,,\.r~ flo+- a~ o~~ l(..S\iA~

    IT;

    as .(.olLol.Os :

    ITCode
    T = 250 11K
    V = 460 II mls

    IT Results for T = 250 K

    ep = 0.7944 kJ/kg'K

    ep ep_T("C02", T)
    ev = ev_T("C02", T)
    k = cp lev
    R = 8.314/44.01
    e = sqrt (k * R * T * 1000)

    c, = 0.6054 kJ/kg'K
    k=1.312
    e = 248.9 mls
    M = 1.848

    M = Vie

    YLOT:
    Mach number of carbon dioxide at 460 m/s

    2--.----------------,
    1.8
    1.6

    1.4

    1.2
    1
    0.8
    0.6

    0.4
    0.2
    O-+-,.---,.--,----,--...,....-,r--r-,--r-,.---,.--,---,--.-~

    200

    300

    400

    500

    600

    700

    800

    900 1000

    T (K)

    Note. ~eof f~e SO~1,(" ve.lo~ ~ l'I;\Cr~~es wi+fA -+e.V\cfe'a.~.


    VlU ..1It I,e..y- cl.ec.r~~esJ

    4$ e'KfLcfaJ..

    1-llR 0

    1lw.s, ~ MA~

    PAoeLeM q.l01
    KNOWN:

    1J.eetl ~a~ da.ft:t a,re known} IncllA.d/~ 7;, ~

    E INO :

    J>.erkrm Ih~ fltt.e. JVlAe-l1 ~(,(.m boe t"J sftA.tJ no-flint -fe.W1pera/ure.1 a J{.cl

    sfO-lJ na. ft ox, ptr! 1'sure .


    NJA!.,ySIS~ (6.) 7= 5204:>~ p=zo 1l:ff{,'II\"Z'V

    'lQ<a

    11 :. C :

    v-; tH1.d c.

    To

    Po

    = 0.805

    II'S

    To .f,hol the S~Y1'ttl~ Sfc<.te.)tA.se ~"'"~ Table J\-zze.


    ho :. h + )[:'2
    :z.

    ib + ('iOoz.2-#Z(

    - I Z. '{ 27 8 k.\

    ':: l'to.Lie;

    "I

    II

    I I L.f!
    l 6Ju..
    JJZ.2. Ibfi'(sl 778 M-I})f

    '---------

    6J.1.<11l~

    lIJkN'polttf,'V\j iL1 Tohle A-22G; To:. 587.C/ oR.. ....c;----.---------.,;;,


    .Also J fr(T) = 1.2.''17 ~ (PrC-To ) == I, 8h 33 - Thu.s
    F:,:: freTo) p :: 3().68 Il,f/i"'7-.. . . .r -j

    -J.,::.

    p((, T)

    (b) 02. at CJoo4'R,) .2lJ 1J,f1/147.

    M. :. c....
    V"" = 1"38"2..
    ~l)O

    w;.fh cl.a.~

    +J~d

    0.

    "5 (40~,..-------------------

    frurn Texlo/e A-ZSe.

    To

    '::,

    = h + ~2 (VkO(.w.f..)

    II

    Bokt
    'too ~ ft2fS7.1
    I I~f
    L 8k.c. I' .:n .00 I/o }
    = h331'1 lb V'\ o l of- (
    2.
    ) 32.2 Ih(~/s2. 1i6fltbf
    1 '1?~ol
    To
    = (0855. '2 Btu/U()~( .:::t> To =Q&Q.2 0R..~~
    _

    It>

    o : :.

    $4D(To) - ~ocr) -I< ~(Po/p )


    p~ __
    p

    n"
    )lAA

    SOC1'D) - SC.T)
    ~

    __

    53.:2."12. -5Z,(D88

    : O~ 21 gQS3

    I.'l0"

    =t> Po = 2 b .43 }l, f I,'",'2......~t----------------L.:::.


    (G)

    Ar ai- S'IooR } 2D 1l7f/,i..t2..


    .tt == \rIc. : qOO/,05CJ
    1

    For f/4.,e. mOtl4T"'C7mtc. Sa.,)

    r: ::

    :. O.23S4l~-_----------->
    5
    ~f =. i:, l< = 2..
    D.12Lt3 Bht/lh .oR

    u., e, )

    c3~.~"n

    + L2.. :. q ODOR. + qoo"f+Z(~2.

    ::.

    J (bf
    I ( BIv..
    :2.. (.12'13 Bk.t/ 'b'o~) 3 2.~2 lb. fI.(s% 17i8 if tbf

    2.~

    To

    '= tD3l!)~R. oIIIII!~~------------------~

    AI~o

    ~::

    iG/jc._1

    (if)

    , 2-

    :. :J. 8. ca: tblllJl\ .olIi!!419~----------"'""

    PRO&e1"1 q.

    we

    P, :: , S Ioa.r

    ri- 3401<
    V;-:::. 2C) Wits

    ASSUMell0A1~: See soLutLolll

    to Problem

    ,. toz:

    Tetble. Jr, 20; k = 1.3q~ ;/It Me. feMperafure. n:1I't~e. "f fk~j
    probleM. TIu.c.~
    e. ::.Jr--k--T,- ::: (/.39,) {B.gl'{ l,~ )(3ttok)IIIC<J.''''''S~IIIO~Nr'YIr

    AA/M)/SlS ~ Fmrn

    '

    2.8.' 7 ~'I<

    I N . 1 ~:r

    :: 3"9.5 'mls

    11. \ ::. V7 Ie, ';

    H,

    O. D54 ~~----------------

    C-z. =: j/.3e,q)(~:~~)(300) 110 3 1 o:.3LJ7./ t'tt{s

    .M."2. -= v;,/c z,

    :.

    0, Blq ~

    .J1 z.

    from +he.. evret"g~ hAIMlce -rhe s~ntvh.~eJ,(M(Pd is fJ.te '5t4W1e aJ -/I.e inlet o/.1J eXlt:
    j

    ho

    ::
    =.

    hi-/- ~z..

    =.

    ~1. 1" \.i'Z..

    .3 0 o.t q.,.. .2.EYi.L(

    2.

    I : :. 3,/0. (,3 us 11<7J


    j--L
    10
    3

    FrOYV) Tt:tbJe A- 22 ; To, ='7;,z. = .3'10.2. 1<.


    At- oUte ;JI1I-et) P".. cr., = I. 627&jo . Also, Prc.ro)
    Po, : [PreI

    Fuv4t<er")

    pr (T7.)

    ) /

    Prcr;)1

    PI : :.

    =/.82851.

    IS .00.5 bo.,r

    1kuS

    -oE~...-------_lh.

    ':. J .70203. Tku.s

    'Fbz.. ': l Pre,,,) / r.. . (..T~)] p~


    V,SLla.(,'l.,nB fhese.. sfo.ks em.

    '=

    A -':"s

    '
    7

    Cf .fcoq blVY

    dlAjrfAYK

    ",\

    .c:llcal----------___+_~

    o ""

    ~, w~
    '('Y
    _--L
    'k, =702-

    ~ _

    '. ,.

    1.

    .s

    /(/

    W~ter VfA.por flOWs. w"rltt k-n,own prnssu.t'"e) feWl(J4ra:htye)

    KNOWN:

    tA

    nd

    ve/cx.it~.

    us,,;,~ FI~.A-8E.) defe,rrYlIi1e.(a.) ffte S~Ylt(+t~eHl'~'i>.j) Cb) the


    sta.~ nC(fto'"" +eYl4fll'rQ."'U~1tlnd Cc) -fhi s~J1ah~ pressure?.

    FIND:

    6 ,( VtJ DM-A

    5C H-.6MMI C.

    ~ T= "cODF) P = SOD U:>-f;'~~ V-= LeOD f+/s

    IWAL.\{515 :

    (0.) h ~

    r2'l8 ~,lb

    ho : h.. . 1:'
    l.
    Z.
    - '2<18

    '=.

    ~
    lb

    /3 J S

    (b) To -:;

    to (1000'2. .fI'~s2)l-'2..

    ,lbf

    )132..2 Hlb/s~

    11 '178f~'IW
    I 6k,t.. .,

    &kAtlb

    fo~5

    "') po ~ boo

    OF
    11:,.f/,~L

    1s
    o

    .......
    .1)

    13SO ~H--/l-~-ff--ie-----,~~f---+~

    J 3' 8

    T.::(ooo Of

    Iz9 8 -+~#-w.**#=~~-tt--iL-----+

    'u
    \))

    I2

    so

    t---#---+- -'f-----J<-

    '\

    12.00

    -\:)~.:fj

    V5'/ i
    i."
    spec;iltG ell\tr0P':11 Pt.t/lb
    1.4

    I.S

    I."

    4Jt(.

    \ ("I.

    IqJoWIJ:

    eonetLtlO,u Dr s+U\W\ .fLoWI~~


    PA n~ (2.W~Cj a..re Ie. ~w ~.

    E..lli!].'.

    D.eterm,\Q. +he s~clflc.. e.~+hc:dP':1 Ar\.e-( veloc.l~.


    ~ 61 VEt..) DATA:

    5ctfeMAilC.

    ~ 0.. po.r+Ic.(,.d~r loc.llth~

    l'"

    c:....

    '07'0 =7 J,,,,,.
    =.

    ----

    ...

    ...---'

    400C.

    ./

    :~
    p = 3 b,v'
    t

    hJVANALV5IS:

    1.,0: 32'08.,)

    .so::

    M P = 3htV'" J S :'So =7.10350


    'Thus J from he:' k+ v'tz.
    \j :.

    7.h3So
    ~

    1<.;]"/41<.

    h =. 3031.5

    (Table ~-4)

    k::r/'=j""
    ....

    J ~(ho-"')

    2. ('32.CgB.l-)03LS)g
    k,

    11 ~'lI\II(s2.1f
    1N

    'OiN."'"

    1 ~;r

    :: {g88.8 'M{s ....~I--

    PR.Ol>LE~

    'L 1 J I

    bJow",~
    FUvt>:
    ANA-LyStS:

    I~ofi.c.. flow 0+ ~l.\ lc,(!~\ ~(;\.S w\,",,- COI\S+cu.c.;' s~cifLC.


    l-lea.t 'rt'A.tW.
    'D.eV4-l0p fu. Y"e.\Ah.~: T/To ~ :1/ (k +1) .
    ~e~\V\ \.U.\~ ~.G\.50

    ;
    For .M.:=. (J T:::.

    ::'1+(~)M2.

    T*. '\k.u.s

    ~* : ,... (~) _ k ~l
    <D aMJ..

    Tit'

    'Z.

    ~~~~

    PROBLEM '1./ tz ~
    A ~a.s exp~nds isentropica.ll~ thY"OLl1~ ~ colllveY9,n2 nouue. :Jj-Dm
    tt. la.rge. ~nk., a;f- k-llown prenure t:Mttd fem.p-t-,..~ft.a~e.

    KNOWN:

    r"

    Deierm ,he. +he. crfhca./ pre~su.,..e


    fAYLd itte. CC('t1?Spon.dl~:J
    If the qCc.~ is (tAl a.ir.l (b) c~t'6o", ollo~lde,.
    0. "'-fJ (c::> ~c r: v()..f 0 r .

    FINn:

    +empera.~Ye T.(\

    5C IttGMMlC.

    E' (vGtJ DA:rA:

    p"

    Po:. g bar

    T'*

    1
    1---'

    v-o

    11 :: I

    ttA)'Jk.
    .,

    '?*

    To:: Soc 1<'

    I'tSSVMPTtoNS: (J) The conhrol volu.me is a.t .sfe~de.., siufe I wiflA. Q"v::'
    =0
    (Z) The 9~ expands i~elltfrC)p;~IUj. (3) The velocity
    ftte fcc.""k. j" h~litj;j,}e.

    The ~as l-otlofPS +he ide! 9u mQde.1. To 4.VO;c.{


    are ~vt as c.nuIuI;C;T) ..(va.lu.a;fec( aA- 4S0 1<.

    ('1)

    WifLt ,,"ssu,.-npnot\ (4)/ ~~ 1.s0 ~nc(


    M :: f J re~(Jcf\.ileL~ J 1ives

    ANAL-\'>LS:

    one for

    To

    (0.) From

    l2. ::.

    (!=!.) ~Ik.-(

    (able A-2-o.)

    a.f T::: 450 /<.,;

    1'* :. If.~:~g
    fforv]

    Talole A- ~o j

    l.1Q( (~ir).
    T~, p/flt

    ~t

    T:;: 4~O

    l<.;

    k. -:. t. ~ '1q

    (Co~)

    r'.r:

    bttr
    E"(tlt.t4.tl~~ ~ uSIi1~ ft.e reb.+t~

    'TluAs

    k:

    b~"..

    p~::.<..(.4$Co

    A-l So

    o.wl~. E"vtd lA.~.J.I~' e~lA

    <

    T l' :. If\{ ~.<O K


    (c )

    e:t. S /

    fltespf!Gific.. heAk

    z..

    T~ = <.f 1<&, '2. k.

    (1:

    In

    tie rM-Lo.I\.J

    kt-t

    T4::

    pIC

    klct'

    j",

    T4ble.A

    -Zl

    It-z..D j IIp-= {.q1"~~K

    c.

    k. = ~ = {.11S'
    T~

    = t.(>2.0K

    r~ ::.l(.~4Y b~r

    rt,P'"

    Carbon. c(/(,xide 5"5 d"scL1.a.r~e.s ftvrYlC{ La."a.. fan" fltt,r"UBtJ C\..


    ccn"e~cn~ no zele, The /1'1"+;0.1 ec:>ndlrlO!1.S IV! -#te-/t:4.nk el~d
    Hte pr~~~c..c.re Gf HIe Surround InjS re: kYU>e-un.
    Esflmate, #te. pressure. ;11 fl"e 1-a.vtk.. whellt fhe .plo(;.) t-trsfceases 10 be chok.ed..
    T
    5CHGHADc. t ,( V5N DA=tf4 :

    kNOyUJ,:

    C/} The -fa.n Ie.. pr~:s~<.A.Ye.

    c.nCA.n,es slow/fj J and +he. ccn-Jn,1 volume


    ca.!' he.. Corlsider"flc.( ok> be. 4+ s+e~ ~f(Lte. -For snort perl"(,ds !)f flYHe.
    (2) The e)Cpa.nSlOl\ c.~Y\ be ~s\c.(ereO( iseV\1ropic. elt Q.~ tl ~e .('3) The.
    ca.rbon d"oxide is m~c.(eleo( a.s lUll idecd 5o..s W'I+l1 Cb1\S~Kt. speC.ifiC.
    he&<.ts.
    AAlA-L,yStS: UVider#Jese. a.ssu.rnpftOl\S" Eg. 9.5{ ~n be ~ppJj"dJ witk..t1:.(
    it> see i f t"e fWw is cltok.e.J..
    )
    po
    [
    k
    ] k/fc._1
    k/ fc.-I
    Pl ( : : I +- -i! ( l)
    :. (k.~ I )
    = J. eo
    A5SUMPflONS:

    k.:: /.2."1 Cr from ia.Jole. A- 2fJE at- T;::. 7~O o~. 'For fJre ,'ni+ iet ( coVidiTIOf\.S
    ~Kk.J p*: 55.S" llof/i","'. rkis i~ 5 u.bsfet k f iec liAj Cjrea.fer+kQII\..
    tl1e pr~s~(,,("e. in -rk. su.Y'rol.'ndIlA!j s, Ph =l'i1 l I"f 1,k'2...
    Where

    ,'J1

    tfAe

    . As +h.e pr~SS(Nr".e. itA -tl.1e faV\k drops) the ~eS'su.re 't-t ~ no azle
    e:l-t cd so ~s. The.re-fof'e.J o, r,>\a..t.t'lbl-e es+tMciite ef fh.e fcul\k..
    pre~~u.(.e. WV\eu.. t"-e. \l\.ot:z.. le Cecdes 4-0 btl. ckok.e& i-s oh/-tM..;"'ecJ w~eLv
    Ph:: p" ~ l'(.7 ILfII~'L

    (po)

    k"

    L
    CV\.O

    ""1

    ::. U'11 )(I,e) ::.

    2Cs,c'l(P

    IbfllIt\~....

    c~c..~e5

    f\"'e~~u.('.e.s lower ihcU'\ +h'lS VAAlAL) the.


    1'\.1 (bf (..",'2..) OM& tltt e Vt 0 2:t.le tlow Wl LJ

    for -tn.V\.k..
    wi \\

    "'e.

    ex'\,t -V\QMe.
    Y\f>t

    rt'essWll-

    be c~olc.et! .

    kNC>Ulli 0+e"\M e.)cf~lJt{.(s iseJAfroriud~ thVOLlc;'" o: ~veY"~/i1~ Vlozz(e from lk.


    IOU"~L 'f.1ilk..1/,..e ~low is cl.1oke.J.) Cl\.\GA {-L-t~ W\C(ss flow v-a.te ~~ !Ad pl,,~
    Pr"-e~H..(ve Gt V"~ k.rtown.
    F'''-JD ~ 1)~yW\iV\e. ~e. l'lo'Z-ue etl~Me+eV'" o.t loca:h.oll\~ (,Vke~e. va.not.,S p'("~ssu(es
    r, "e. snecl"eJ..
    '
    fD= I,gl bo.f'
    v.. ,
    \
    .,..
    1"
    -r; = 2.go 0c.

    f q\ VE:tJ

    '5cj,fMA-TlC.

    P+"A~

    T,:'1"o ';. 'ZiOc.

    Fi=ro= 1,~3 ,'.


    "etS" :

    \(. 0

    .'

    \_'

    r'2.': r *=- I bo. r


    ~:~~~

    A~ sut\-\PTlor\)S.: (Il The.

    vo{u.~e sltwwn

    is e:tf s+ea.~

    wi~ Qc.v=' W'V~O.


    (2.) Tk~ SteA.M f.'t.eo.JrULs. l.sellt+r:o~ICi((Ltj. (3) The ~o'Z;de. IS d.to("ed..("f) ike. .
    .~ I
    v~LoCA-~ i~ +1Ae. -ffttAk LS V\etjl,~ l/ole I a~ p~tice.l e~eVJ ~ e.fl.e.e+s Ol" be lj~lorU..
    MJM8S1 S~. Fa r eA.clA ce.se ~ be GO"rl~ideK'ee() F, =rl>:: (,$$3 bAr' ~ 7i ::10 =Z~o oc.
    1kus, +ron-, Tcc.'14 A-+) l1 j = ho = ~O)l,q l<J/~ a.MJ s,::'$o:: 1,~!>'t /(.v/~K.
    fu,y~) ~e. eXt ve.Loe.i~ t~ fou.&il~ ~

    CO}1tv:"

    v-;. :: )2 (~o- h-z. \"


    f7..:=

    {,s- bQ,t"

    (I)

    A :: '" 1.1"... "'"'> rC ~'M:'


    :z.
    'r2.
    7C
    h'2, = 2qql{.~ lc:.Jl~ l V,: (.{p)$'~ V'V\3/~

    l>-l

    =JI2.(3011.C\-2.ctq4.~)!:.1Icj !,o3t-a
    V\l\ I I' 5'N~1 :2.T~.13
    ~
    l \:.T
    1 t-J
    o

    \1":
    1

    I"tz.-

    a ::
    'L

    P7-::' 'b~r"

    (2..~ls)( I.CR~SS W\3t~)

    ~)

    k2,-:

    0.01 \ q,

    7':

    ~)

    r\o\'2..

    1.Cl'\'t,g k~Ll~

    \1""....

    ='5'14,0

    'l..

    - - :. O,Oll't<;s'

    3.13 w S

    1 10 4 (,0\ ~I
    t M~
    "'\i"-z.,::

    Wl/S

    W\

    -:. I~ .~l.( ~

    ;z.e,"Lqg

    CYl"\

    ~~----

    _ _-:.~z.
    (I,S bo.r)

    Vv\3tl~

    'vV\ls ) A,,= O.Oo<6<01lo

    wt'2..)

    et-z.:(O.SIO ~"

    ol-I-

    ( ~ bQ,r)

    ERTEN

    REFRIGERATION
    AND HEAT PUMP
    SYSTEMS

    14JOWtJ ~

    R.eh-l~er-d~ 13Y~ is ~e. WOr\.~j .(!-l~ ill\. 0... Ct\.V'~at ,,~


    (e.fy-'~~~ C\je-l-e.. Tke s-m.-t-es of #.JL ~.frtjen.cM' ~\I1,+en'~ ~~
    1.e~vl ~~ ~ c..ohl,le\A.ser} a.~ ~ evtt.pora:{of -te~er~-f\.c.re.

    C\Y-e. S~Cl~leJ..

    'Det.ern\\V\e. <.~) -tlu2. wo~ l""fl\.d" .w, +f..\e c.ot.hf~S50(" )<.bJ ~ l.OOrk.
    d-eVe-lofeJ b~ ~ +u.~i~e.) o..~ (c) "the hee.tt h~sfer -to ""'.e.

    ~'.

    ...et("l~V'ew.t f~SS'l "j f1.'\roWfk ~ eV"forcc.:to(" J e~~ ~y- ~~


    fV\.Ct.~s; of refri~e('Q.\..\:t fLow. '+\SD J k1:e\l"~\~e -\'lR. coe-t{lc.i.. ",,-t

    of

    SC~MATl(..

    t)Q.(~WIa~ee.

    <lout

    Warm region

    " -

    2 G>\ VEt..>

    at TH

    l?A-rA:
    3

    s
    Cold region

    at Tc

    A5SlJMpnONS: (\) E~clA c.ot'Y\rne~.:t \~ (l1f\~l'1 'Z.e~ Q.S o, C<n\.-m,( \fo""""e ce.+ ~ie~
    5~e.. ('2,.) AU pro~ec;ses 0 ~\u '-\)~r"\\IUj .o.hMA.Gt~ ,,,,\-e,(V\6.ll,j rf,VerSlbl~.
    ( 3) ,~~ to ~(eSSlOW\. a..v..J.. e l<paAASl fni\ ()..rll. o.d.:\.Q.~+\L. <.. cn ~f~ Q..t\.c. o.~ f>0~-k~(
    ekeV'~~ e~ec.

    ts tl.f"lL V\~\icj,~l-e.
    ANAk't5lS> ~ F\i-5t J +\)(. eo..",~ ef ,""e. rY'~c.\\>Q.\ ~~\es.
    'Sl-A.~e 2. T~:z.eDC J scd. oCr'"for ~ k~:.2~2.S0 kJ'l~
    5t-Clh_ \

    T,:.-IOO() 5,~S~

    S\-lA.\e. 3

    T 1 ":. 2.~.0c.

    S'+tA.\e.
    (0..)

    Lf..

    Tlt-=--to,- J

    =t> )(1'=-D.,'73

    2.3(,.'"

    k.-;r\~

    ::(> l-\3:

    88 .t.l

    For ~~ c.~'(t"~sor

    ~ -::'(\"'1--\\,) ::.
    (b) For

    zs.s Ic.T{~

    ~ ~\'''\tL

    -:. .;.,.;

    ~ ~(~1-~'t)::' 3.t5 ":r\~, ~~


    (c)

    hI";:'

    ~2.: .'10710 ,,:rJ~.K

    tJ"'/~ I 7 3 ::' . !>?>o l. lr:.l/~.\l...


    ~~ -:.53 ~ X... -:. 0.2.)3'\) ~'t -:. Se.t.1<C \c"Jl~

    S4.i.

    \i ~\.\U:l

    fur

    ~ e\lllfof"~ttJ1'"

    ~~

    :::{h,-\t\'tJ :

    ~ u>el(.\:e"",-t

    0\

    A-:Ntert\A"h"el~ j e, ':.

    ISl."l4 k.J'/~oIlI!I"'''''---

    ~(2f~n~.w~ce

    Te.

    1l-4-Tc.

    ': b.C\l.

    to-I

    peo 6 L.EtM. l O. "2KNOWN

    ~ ~-ef-r'~e("o..~t 22 is fu wor\t.~~~fJ~ \V\

    0....

    ~C\.~V\o-t va.pt;r

    re-k\~r(Xt\o~ "jc.l4. . 1)~~ lA.~ \c.n.oVJY\ CA.-\- \(o..no~ \OCo.-\-t~

    o..~

    ~ ~ss

    r~~Q. is

    -Plow

    $fe.C\,{-l'etL
    ve-+erM;&I\~(o..) tk ra.-\e o~ heAt -N-Cll.\.Sfer -\0
    ~~~ t\te.e eV0{7()roJ-o-r:> \b) ~ t\.t,+ ~V'"

    EltiQ.'.

    c.oe+f""i~wt ~ rr~'W\.~\I\(.e.

    ~c.~~\.C. ,

    1lA R-22 f~ssi~

    \~) ~~ (e) '\i.\e


    QOlII

    ",\IbN ])M"A:

    T
    WI

    --

    Warm region
    at TH

    3
    Condenser
    We

    <)=

    <l=

    ooc.

    Oc.
    4

    Cold Il!glon
    at TC

    t\$SUMPrlOmt. (\) P-<lC~ c.o~onw* is CtIA.CAl~'Z.eJ. Q.~ e, coy\'~' "oLu.~Q. a:t

    ~te~ $We.. (2.) Al\ ''fc)(Z>se.s o~ -Hu. WOf''''\~~ ~ o..ve. \V\+e{r\A.l~ Y",e"f.'fs\\Dle.
    (~) 1'\ul. (.()~~sl~ o..,;:J.. ~"~\A.Sl~ a.re ~clioJ()A.t\:(". Q-\) ",V\e-+iG ~~r*e.vm~l
    e~u~~

    effee:.-ts

    1rNAt.'1~l~:

    Sto.-{-e

    CLV'~ V\~h~l\'le..

    f\V.~t) ~w e.~ o~ +ke.. pri\l\c\pa.\ sto..+es(Table.A--7).


    2.

    Sto.-\-e. (
    ~ta!e.~

    5m\e.. '"\

    50.+. \I~ =>

    \'\2. ~ 2/pO.7Q \a/~ )~~:. O.81)S \C3'/k,'\(


    T\::. DoC. ~ ~ I ~ $2. ~ X, -: qz Bet I~':' 2'3S?1 kT/~
    T3~40OC )~.li~~l.C( ~ ~3 ~ qq.'5.3 ) ~3= O. ,"2cr Ic.~l~.t.
    T"\ -:. Oe.) ~ .. :. 50 3 =t> )(tt:' c. 2.2.()~" ~ h"t:' 'to.3$ k-;r,~

    T-z. =&'\OD<:. )

    (C4..\ For ~ e"O-f'O('(l.+O~

    <1\\1\ .... -M (~\ -k'()


    ::. 'S ~ )\ lnt\"'I(
    \:
    ~\\I\ <00 S

    l3S.31-QO.'3S) 1c."J"II\<.W
    ~
    , \ijls

    :7.l5(

    kw,_
    .....r-..-_......;..;;
    ~

    (b) ~

    Y\e.+ ~oVJer i~\lu* l~


    W~c.l~ :. We:.. - ~-t

    ~ l<.~1. .."'\) -<'-'3- h '4r) ]


    :. (2))
    (z-~D.l'7 -Z-'35.;i' -

    ::.

    ltoIf.

    =. l.O Co 2-

    ~)

    ('\'(.53 -qo.'3S")

    \c.w ...
    4~--------------_-L..";"

    1\w.:.>, ~ ~e-iGi.e,~ at- ~r{ofM~"C~ \.s


    ~ =- ~\~
    ~
    ,W~,le.

    -z.Z.~1

    ':

    &'.83

    LOCo '2.

    (0-'2

    ~.

    PR00<"cM lO.3

    KNowN:

    A C.(\r~et V'fOY':' 'fe.-fri ~ e:r q,-Ho\'\


    "-M>\..OY\

    Ell.u;)'.

    re.se.v-vO\V'"' +e.~e~e~.

    l"..'dc..\e (9pa;ra.+e~

    ~~

    t>e+eV"M~"'e. C!)(>QH'Cl.h",~ ft'"e?su.res it\ fu ~eM..~er o..u.& evaF>0raA-o,.

    c",

    ~(l.fYitj(l.vtl~ 134~1(1,) P~DPa-~4t;,


    (C-) ~t!-V"'. Co\,) ('+Yi~UCtwt
    ~ (e) 0lW\ MOW\'~ Q.S i'k.e. wc:>d:"" f"~\~. Ca.l,"\4t~ t~ coe+f.k\~t.Vf e>t

    fe-V'"

    Z2..)

    per~(t\'l4W\ce

    '6CHeMtrT\C ~ ~,VErt...)

    DA-TA:

    ~~

    lelllfl

    fcgxJ

    P..wr.p

    (el Wc4t<

    l. Re!-ri1er"~t
    'Z. 2 J ~ ~ M

    2..

    134 fA, na;s to.ww ()~r"o.Je.;l-\.' p'feSSlL(-es t'kew....


    m..,lit I t\ I ~ ~ \ 5

    c ~ c.-\.e...

    pror(.(~e) R..4.fy"1-t'"av.-t

    Waler o~e.s ~ Vt-"'Ij low rr~snue.s oM.t1 ~)ltt)t he fl.-seJ -kJ t<tJ..t/'.e.ve
    /owe-r ~ 32F.

    +e-~c...hM'es

    10-3

    l(NOWN '.

    t\etnseV'(l.(I\,l 13tt~ i5 \--~ wor\(.\LA.9 fLuA~ \'" o, CAKt\ot


    ret-r\~ er().t1.o~ ~cle. Opa.+'~ <=to-to... ~V'~ srQCi.Q.lU.

    ElNt> ~

    l)ete,("m,-",e. (el) t~ GO ~,..e~sor ~V\tl '\1M"~'It\e. power (l.~


    (b) ~ c.oe,"Hc.I~ of per~rMo.V\ce.

    5C!d6MM\.c

    ~
    ,

    (:,l VEJ..J

    qODF

    \)1\,,, '.

    v"fO'Y"

    Qo~

    -r
    3

    lOO,S~

    -+--I----4--lr-+-liOF (told

    40

    r~ron)

    ~~fli~~

    40 F

    A5~UMpnQNS '. (I) Eo..cV\ co~one.wt- i~ A.\l\Q.l':{ ~d A.r. '" CCY\+tbl volMMe ext
    St-e.~ c;.~.(2.) All pc-O<.esse" a.re. ''''~t\~l~ r-tveY'St~(e .(~l ~ ~('es\i~
    tMNl e."PQM.~l", Q.V'~ tA.tll A.It> ",.J.iG . (Ii) K\'t\e{~ ~ fotell\.-\-\tA.\ e~ug~ eHects
    o..(.e. \'\e~ll ~llo le.
    ANAL'ISl5 '.

    Stcde. 2

    P2.= NO \b+llit\~) so.i. \t~r ~

    40 lbt/i~~ ) Sl-:::'S~ =b-

    sWes (T4ble

    hz.= 114,q5""~

    =o,nC\q .) ~\ -:.

    A -liE).

    s&.= o;u<.l ~~

    tOt.l,1 '- S~1I1o

    5tq.te \

    Pl:'

    5m.~ '3

    Pa: l40 \bf-h~~ ) SA-to li~tM.~ ~ h 3 =44,43 ~) 53: O,oqOz. :~


    p'( -:: . 40 lbf/,,,...-&... J s~ -=-S3 ~ x&(= 0,251,\) h &i= 42,51 8\u./llo

    sto.ie Lf
    @.)

    F\'rs+) +\.)( eo..etA of ~e. fn~ c.~ po..\

    Tke co"'1'res~ fOwe-('

    X,

    is

    we.:' -M(h-z.-lr.,) -:;<';L~~( {lq.q$'-104,l7..)~


    = <01.l

    eiu./~~L\ ..
    "'

    We.
    ---------.;..;....;;;..

    ~ tuKb\~e. fow~r

    is
    W~ :::r. ~ ( k 3- h'f ) =,,1)( t{l{,tt1> -1.{-,..51) -=

    <.b)

    Tke. ev()..~r~~ ~eo..t tna.~s~e(" '(",~;t(L i.~


    Q.\W\o ::.. ~ (h,-""~) '::. 3~1.(, ek\1 M\'\
    Q.\",L
    0.1
    11MAA
    ~ e, We._w~ -: . \D.
    -41----------------l)

    ....

    10-4

    l<-NOWtJ..

    Retrl5eY'4"'* 1'?l'lOl. is 4-ke. wOt"Ic.~~!S fl~ '11'\ ~ ,d.eA.l V~f" - cO"'f>f~5siOJ.\


    YerY"iCJ<i..~t~C1o' ~cle. Opero..t,\'\j tAa.tC!L. Q.re \c..V\.OW')\..

    FIND..

    D+~I(M\l.\e(0.) tk,Q. c.o~~SSO'" fower' ) <.b> +h.e re.frl~e."'0l.+\"'9


    C4f'\ca~ ) cuul (C) +k.Q.. c.oef.(.u.;ewr ef fe.~formC4U'~.

    Sv~~T~c, tY
    ..!J= COlV&fJ 1>A=rA ~

    ..Qout
    r;::---

    --::;l

    7j=-2Bc.,

    .,..

    i6..1'. U(.

    Condenser

    ,
    :::'.J

    r;;

    '\

    ---I .

    I
    I We
    I Compressor 1<1==
    L.::
    I

    ) < Expansion
    valve

    ~~~

    r;:-=-===
    I

    I
    -...

    Evaporator

    L:: __

    Eo-etA (.O""f0W\elll.1" is t).11\""l~ "t.4!,{ A.S C\. t.al\ml VOluMM2. ~t s-ko~


    'S-\Q.\4.. <..2.\ ~ e.~P(l."'$tO'\l\. ~rov..j'" ~ '4A.~e. \~ "- t\\Nt\" \\"'~ f1"O~S Al.\ o~e~
    r(O~~SS~s ~r~ 'VlW,V"~~llcj ,,~vQrsiL,\e.. (0) T~e c.o~resso~ ~ VGLl"c ~~~e
    ().6.lJo~he(l.l~, <'4) k\iAe.hc. D.AAJ.. ro+e~ e.",e.r"~ dftcts ec.f'e ~~"Sl"le.
    A-5SVMPnOI\JS,; (I)

    A:NM.'fS\$'. F\\7T J f\.'l( eo.cM. ef +\o.L f"""'C~Cll S+a+e'O.


    ~tQ..~Q.

    ll:. -vo-c

    sC\.t. VAfor- ~

    \J/~ ) 51: 0, '1253\c.~l~.k;.

    7. 2.(g1S b~t"' I 'S-z.:' S, ~ ~"ble. ~l'\+erpo'c::a.ho~


    \'V\ T Ol.\t>\~ Pr-l2.~ \'ies "" 7. -::. 1. CDi.tj k:r (~

    'Sta-le. '2. fz.:'

    -rnrotlh~j pro~~s ~ ~tt:~"5=- e~.r,1 \c.J'/~

    S\-tde4

    Ike.

    :.

    T~ :. 1.eC, ) SM. li\uAtl =l> ~:s: ~8. to I k.~'~

    s..+CcJe 3
    (0-.)

    fSQ.T

    ~ '2..60(.

    h\: 2.'tt35

    ~\'"essor powU'

    We..

    is
    :''M(~-z.-I.\l) :(5~ )\\W\\~'(Z~"1.q-2-'l1.3S)\:.T
    \:

    ~''''

    :. 2.2.12.

    .0

    \c.w

    \<Cj

    Ilk""
    I
    \c::r Is
    \

    We..

    (b\ The. V'e.f..\~e('A.h~~ CC1f'\c.a~ is

    ~,~:.
    (c.)

    h\

    (~\-Ii\~) :.(s ~~\JlZl1.3S-'8."I)~~ 12u\:;7~~",t


    = 3.~2 -\-o~ ~

    The. c.oet+lGlelA.r of- ~fo-r"rvl(lt\c.e


    (!:): hi-h'f _
    lh '2. _ ' " I - 5. 15 . ~

    ~\'"

    i,

    La-fa

    .f

    \C.NOWtJ', The ~e(e ,'~ ProbleM lO.(P ls W\ocJ..~heJ. ~~ C~(1.\'\.~c.""'~ t\-\Q. eV6fOrak>r

    G.\I\Cl

    Cc-nde,V\~e.r rre~svre.

    D.e-\-e"M\\Ae ~r t~ 'MO~~~I~ ~(!,\e(.().) ~ c.OO\P(es~or power'")


    CAf~C. H~ J Q.~J. (.c) ~ cee ff l(' ie-,,*" at

    t:..ili.Q.:

    <. b) the re fr\~ero.t.'-'9


    y-e rfo r Y\'\Cl.V\ ce,.

    $c,,*6Mb-TlC

    f.

    G!\Ver-J

    MTA

    .
    Qout

    --l

    ~t Ia~.~--3

    Condenser

    ~
    '\

    .i

    q OM

    ) <Expansion
    valve

    rr====
    I

    s
    ASSUMeOQtV$:

    't\l( etM:.iA

    o~

    fL:l,1o ~r ) sa-to

    StMe. 1. ~= q W

    +Wt p-nnc.ipA\ bt-cdes.

    'Ul'.lf0r

    <,G..l \~e.

    ~ h,~ z'37.Cfi \c.~/~ )Sl~ .q2~5

    soz.=s, =t> h-z.::' 273.13 k~l~


    q ba.r , W. \ i\\;\,ltl ~ h 3 ': 'l~.s" k"J" f~
    J

    p ~ '=
    Sto.te.Lf TIu'o+H''''j rroc~$$

    Sm-\e 3

    Da,f

    l.': __

    See E2<Cl.Nf\e. ',C.-I..

    ANM.'fS\~ '. f\rs+ J


    ~t(1.te. I

    Evaporator

    ,,"

    ~4:'~~~ q1.5~ k."3"/~

    c.001'ressor fower- is

    We :. ~ (l-t,.-k,\ -:::(5 ~J I~~ \(273.13 -Z37.q7)~ \\ ~s\


    We.

    =- 2, '\~ \c:.w ""'il.;a~------------(bl 1nlZ. refr\ger(1.h"'~ ~c:"t~ is.

    G\~ ::. 'M (~\-It\'t)

    c..C)

    =(5 :f~)C Z31.'l1-Q,.SIo,) ~~ \"1..\: t;,n.,'" 1

    ~ 3. '2.~ tol\~ ....


    -4i---------------1tte. u>e.Ulc.i~V\+ ef ~r~rVY\a.\Ac.e is
    (!>:. h,_~.., :. 3.91 ~

    ~7.-~'

    4------------------~

    /0-7

    fR03LEM lO.B

    The ddt(" ~~ "'~u.\t'eJ p\ok a.f~ obhu'lAe& USI~~

    solu..-h01A. to 'Probl.M

    10.1

    IT} ttS

    fer ~\'\ofle ~udcc.J~lI\s.)

    +0 llows:

    (See ~.

    IT Code

    =
    =

    p1 1.6 II bar
    p3 9 /I bar
    mdot = 5 1/ kg/min
    x1 = 1
    h1 = hsat_Px(
    s1 ssat_Px(
    s2 s1
    p2 p3
    h2 h_Ps(
    x3= 0
    h3 = hsat_Px(
    h4 = h3

    =
    =
    =
    =

    flR134A

    fI, p1, x1)


    p1, x1)

    IT Results for D~ = 1.6, Dcond = 9 bar


    (See Problem 10.7 for sample calculation.)

    flR134AfI,

    flR134A

    h1 = 238 kJ/kg
    h2 = 273.7 kJ/kg
    h3 = 99.56 kJ/kg
    h4 = 99.56 kJ/kg

    fI, p2, s2)

    flR134A

    fI, p3, x3)

    =
    =

    Wdot (mdot I 60) * (h2 - h1)


    Qdotin = mdot * (h1 - h4) * (1 1211) 1/ ton
    beta (h1 - h4) I (h2 - h1)

    =2.977 kW

    Q. = 3.28 ton
    In

    = 3.874

    PLOiS:
    5.-----------------,

    6.-----------------,
    5

    4 -

    P2 = 12 bar
    P2 = 9 bar
    P2 = 6 bar

    P2 = 6 bar
    P2 = 9 bar
    P2 = 12 bar

    O-+-,...--..,.-..,.--,---,--,--,--r---;---r---r---,---.,...---i

    0.5

    1.5

    2.5

    3.5

    O-t-,...--..,.--,---,--,--,--r---;r---;---r---r---r---r---!

    0.5

    Evaporator pressure (bar)

    2.5

    3.5

    Evaporator pressure (bar)

    fer ~l ~ed CS1\tleNtSev- py"e~sull'e..rf"e 'Pcwe..r r~~u--I. r,erne.vtt floes d.owY\


    O!MA ..,1\1z. CapCt.c-i+-j 1'i1(.r~~~s as
    evora:lt>r.1?r~suY'eliA(.V"~se5. ~

    25 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    20

    a... r"e'su.lt:) t'/A. coet+'-c;e",f Df pE!r.fc(:.

    P2 = 6 bar
    P2 = 9 bar
    P2=12bar

    15

    1.5

    W\a.,vt.... lli\ (. feMes .

    Foi' +tx.ed evC<f0~ rY'~S~u.v.e. Tl-te. F'fAY re.~~re..~ud 1~C.V'etU'~S

    10

    '*

    -tW- ctAP% etu.Y'eQse5. Jh t:\..


    reslLI.+) ~e. Clle-U-ic ievt
    perfol"mt:lMle
    cwd

    O-t-,...--,---..,.-..,.--,--,..--,..--r---cr---I---r---r---r---!

    0.5

    1.5

    2.5

    3.5

    Evaporator pressure (bar)

    10-8

    ~ ees cUW"YL.
    . '
    1f,.tese. Cth1du.sL~S Me ~r--nt~ Wli(
    re~ to ~"F5 ~1V"4fU.

    PR06LeM 10.9

    KNOWN', Ref1'l~~~(U\'\

    l!'ltt is ~ WOyk.\i.'\~ ;'\.\M.~ \V\ ~lA ick.a.t v~r-c.o~iol\,


    fe~~~efQ:\';~ ~cle. ~~~tA.t'~~ d.~~ a.re \c.~\A)y\)
    ~

    ('e.fv=l~ec-(l+\ ~j CAf~C.l ~

    F\t.lt> ~

    is

    cwa

    a\ vev: '

    1).e+e~M\""'~(0.) t~ GOt\'\f>t"e-;so("' fOwtU" )~) 1he. ~~

    of neo..t

    ~~

    fn:>~ ~ V'eh"\g e ('" ",* Pk.~51~g ""'N)~k ~ ~t\e-lejA.sef') ~(e)

    '5cMeM4JlC- ;

    &

    pef'fcr~4"'c~,

    c.oeH-\c.ie",* of

    twm ..

    (ilVetJ

    S4t\ib~--3

    --"]

    Condenser

    I till) Ibfl~2; I
    ~

    l.'::

    "

    ) <7Expansion
    ""

    valve

    s
    ASSVMPnp",S~

    See. e.Xo..~\e. \O.l

    J o..S~u."'"Pt

    ie~s

    l- Lf.

    F\~~t:1 .(,~x eA.c:M. e>of ~ fn~c:~pl.\ "b~s..

    ANALYStS',

    s*o"te \

    ?\':.

    to

    \bf/i~.

    'St6.te 'Z.. f'Z. : lClO

    T,:O

    'h1l1~7:

    OF

    =\:> h l = IO~J~t.( ~~/llP) ~\-: O,1..1CU &~b'0R.

    ~'Z. =s. ~

    h 2 = 11l.0q fb\14/lb

    r~ ,~O '\,)t-",-~~ J SePt. l\~""ilA =t> h 3 :: ~Ol~~ e-kA./lb


    Sto-t!Z. 't Thrott\\Y\9 rroa:ss =t> h~::' ~3:: SO.~l.{ 6t\f./lb
    (a.) 1'\le fe.h-\.~Q.f'(l+\\1\<3 CCtftA.ci.+~ .\.~ USeJ. to f,,"'e:t. ~ 'M."'S~ ~low r~.

    '5mtg. 3

    Q.,,,,

    ':L

    ':=. " ' "

    (h,-\''t) ~ ~ -=-

    &\~

    ~ +0",

    :.

    (h.- hat)

    2.00 &luI.';'
    lOl.q'{ -SO,Clt{) ~
    I~

    :. 30.S C\
    Th.~ ~(es~o, fOWe,r is
    W ~ W\ ("'"l.-~,) :: ( ':lo.CO \~ ) pO ~,~ (I
    c,

    ;)

    I "'\\1\

    -=- 2.0, 2.1

    I '"

    '3\,OC-( -

    (0

    2.

    \b/l'\l\\~

    'fer' akA.
    I \b

    "s "'5I ~p6hcI h

    ~p ....l - -

    .....:'Nc.

    (0) :For +he C4h~eMser

    Govt
    (el

    e,

    ~ (h"l.-~~) -:.(30.s<l)(l11.0'(-SO,(,q)= 'lC{stt."{ 6N/~\~-4

    the c.oefflc,l<:\A.t "f perforlVlQMc(L is

    f':>:. h.-I,,'f -=
    I
    h~-ltt.

    l,~CD "'fI!l~i---------------~

    10-

    '1

    QO\,t.t

    KNowN:

    Re+V"iqe~lA.t J.::t is tl.\e. wo1"\c.\""3 -(-\\.tAd. ,iA ta.V\ \cle~\ V~(


    ~~Ci>S'oY\. fef"\je~",~ ~t.l"-e.. OreY"D-t'~j ~A. o..R!. Ic.t\.Oc.u~.

    ~:

    De~m\l.1e

    (0.) 11Ae. c.ot'\'f~$$O(' peweI"J (b) +k V'efrl~er~-h~


    CA.po.ci.~J o.JA.J... (C) ~ c.oe.f.fic.i~t ef pcu'.forrrlQMce.

    sGijE.MM\C

    "'\letJ l>A-Th\

    -r

    T3~~l.DG
    3

    Condenser

    q ba.f'

    L::===-===-

    _-1

    I
    I We
    I Compressor I<}=
    L::
    I
    --_
    I
    r;;;

    '\

    -" valve

    ) <Expansion

    --

    rr------=il
    I

    Evaporator

    -..

    I
    /"1'----"

    I
    ~--

    I II" -'40~

    sd

    ___ :::'.J

    ,,~.

    (A";-" =(S "",1./ ~''''

    A5~UMPnON5~ 5e E;J<o..~/e 10.1 J ~$$~h:oM.S (-cf.

    First) +l'lC e~ct.e of fl\e. prlnc~p(t( ~J.o.ks,

    A1At.'I5l$'.

    5ta.fg, ,
    :>We 1..

    pz...

    q bar

    -=t> h,'=- 2.~3.;L1 \c:.l/bj JS':'('ooo~


    S-z. ~ s, ~ h:z. ~ 2~7.5"C{ k~/~

    h 3 -x. hf ( ~~Oc) :: g5.( .11.{ !c:rl ~


    Tkt"crtt l,~ ,roeec;.s :t> ~'t -:.l.t 3 :: g'{.("( k:.~ I~

    5hc;ie. 3
    ~e. If
    @OJ Fi"oM

    C J s~t.~,...

    Ii -::.-40

    Tool'?

    )\-1,

    '\T, :; 0.1.05:2. V\I\'J~.

    ril-=- <A\l""L

    = (SwNlY\~V\

    O.-z.oS2.. ~/~

    '\it

    ih~ c.o~pr'~ssor

    fovJe;" \&

    '.iJ = Wl (\1-z.-l.\,) = ('3,10 :~l'~~\~


    Co

    ':.
    (b)

    ~c..

    ("L

    ""e re+.-\~eV"Q.h~~ c"-P~ci.~

    rh~ M~SS flow rA-t~ i~

    ::. 13.(0

    "-~{M""

    (Z.81.SC(-:UJ.'2.1)

    ~ III ':-s-%

    'W<:.

    kWolIIiillili-----------------

    G\iA ~ 'M (V\,-~*) :\T~,(O~J(2)J.1.1- ~t{.(l{) ~

    I'"" '~?M\",I

    ,
    G.\~

    :: 5Lto1 +ems. ~"'4_-------------


    (C) The. ~e-\c.\ewt o~ ~.{ofMee.Io\c:e '\5
    (?> ':.

    \11, -\t\-i

    Y\'l.-\I\,

    -= 2.1 S

    ""-ca...--------------------

    10-10

    PR08LEM \0. II

    kNQWN~
    E

    An \t:J.-e~\ V~f-c.o~Y-essl~ f~fr\~e.("o..~oY\. ~e.l~u..s.t$ (A,Mmc.,io.


    a.~ tl\e wor\i.~ ~hAA.q. Dpero.-n",~ aC4.~ ~re. \ZnowV\,

    IN1) ~

    \).e+e-\"n\\'i.\~ (a.) ~ COe f.f l.G i.e.wt' C:>T r.er.forOlQ.II\c:e ~k.e.t (b) +~
    r.efr\~erGl+\"'5 Ct1.p~~~.

    ~(;t6MA-T(C

    4 <;-\ Vel.}

    1)A-ffi:

    -r

    5cl.t. \i et.
    3

    Condenser

    I lZ ba1'

    l.'::_
    ~

    '"

    :OJ

    ) <Expansion

    _1.0"(,

    valve

    rr-====I

    ~--Jl

    ASSUMPT<2

    "'S ~

    t.::-_-=_-+-_-_-_='-' $ctt. VtJf.


    Qin

    ~ee. EXo.Mple. to.f .

    Ft'rst J

    MJAk'lSI S '.

    I T.'S-'2.0OC

    +\.''1'

    ea.dA. ~~ fk4. f

    YIVs

    eipo.( 61-o:les.

    staJe ( T,-=-200C J~o.t.11'tlf()r- =t> h,::'J4Ii.1~ 1<"J"


    '=>to.k Z. ?"2. ': 1'1 bM J Sz. :.'E>, ::t> ~." = (hSq. S \c:~r{"1
    ~~te.

    r", :'ll.ba,r

    =:> \''1 '::. ~3= 32.1.0\

    (~) 1~4. COel(,\el.\.t of- pev~r"",,~\A.ce. loS.


    - ~\-~"f _ /4/7.'7'1 - 327.() I

    h z.- \.\'

    IbSq.S -NII.iCl

    (b) lh~ ref1'i9erA,n'~3 CA.pIA.C~4-~

    Q\1.\

    1J(1,SI::.~.folq~ k;r/~'K

    S~. li~(.c.id ~ ~3 ': 321.01 Ic:~r/~

    ~ Thr-oii h~ f(Oc.e~s

    Evaporator

    - LJ.
    S
    - .....01

    \L::r(~

    .<!f----------..1..
    4S

    i-s

    ::. Wl (~I-Lt~ )

    \c.~ ) (I'" 11.1~ - :317.01) \c::r


    1 +0 l'\
    :::. (-:~ y;r",
    ~ 1.1I kT!M\lA

    I
    "

    ':- \ 5.S(

    G.llA
    ~""l!l4~----------------~

    J{)-ll

    PRO~c.eP1

    10./2

    A V\ ideal vor- COMP("asS""~ Ye-F... i,errtfLi>-JA

    I<NOWN:

    1'3"'~ ~s #te.

    0fe,ra.-h'v\~

    workitA5 fluid

    ek+o..

    Vjc/e o-ses retr-i'jemlAt:.


    a.Y'e. lenoos n,

    Plof -fltte cDettic.ielA.+ of ferfo~t1'I'H'Ce ~~d +~ V'efyt'i1~ytVt-l~j


    cqpa.cify frJr a. rco1.3.eo &f COrtdut~'2.-XTf +e ~r~ft,(~s.

    E.lliill:

    5CUeMA1l<::. ,. Gl VEN DAm:

    ' ' 01W.'',

    r;:::---

    --::;l
    I

    I
    3

    Condenser

    '''0 Ibf/i~

    l'::

    90"f"-+---J' 'I

    ::J
    r;;

    '\

    ..':I

    -,.

    > < Expansion

    I We

    I Compressor I<}==

    valve

    ~=~ Ibis

    I
    I

    L.:::

    r;:::------::;l

    Evaporator

    S
    ASSUMPTiONS:

    See Exa,1tI\plc ) O. I ) t1~S(A~f.(;')\$ 1-4./.

    AN4LY51~: For ~ SbMtple. CAlc.A..dc<+c.~


    li\LA~c(.

    I
    l.':__

    e~c.l1

    F'-x/;"'J

    prr",c..ip:tl

    J (.c))1S

    _ __ ::::J

    ~t.V6.f'

    Qin

    LJ'!rsWe 3 fo be sak<,-aleJ

    ~:

    h,::: 100.Z.et ekAlII" IS.. =O.2.ZP(,


    ~: fz. =: t"o 11?,f Ii~ '2.,) S.z. =s, =t> hz. =/ZO.'t8 0lutlh

    ~fe

    I:

    r I :.-lOq::.

    T.-=-IOIPF) sed. va.pcr =I>

    9J..t,lllbO/Z

    l~O 1I,.f(ilA" so~.li\(,\iC:( =t> ~'3:.47.(PS IOMllb


    ~ : T~ (ottll;'~ proces-s :t> ~~ -e, h3 = 47.(,5 8,,"/11,
    S-fq.ie3'.

    f'Z.

    *
    -Z,-ir

    the co-ettic.ielA.+

    The

    -".
    4

    PJ=
    ~-

    : 2,(Pi

    re.(.(';tjera.fl~~ C()..p~(,(:f.t:1

    ~,'"

    " ri1

    IS

    pe..-(-ormcvue

    is

    (~,-I,., J ~ (" ~.J(LDO. t~ - ,/7.&$) ~ 12.<>0 ~~:l


    :: I. S8 toKS

    '-he cA.~ -for -rite r"~u'lr"ed plefs

    11 re

    blo+u.i",uJ. u

    IT Code
    T1 =-10 /1F
    p3 = 160 II Ibf/in2
    mdot 6 II Ib/min
    T3 = 109.5 11F

    s,1.19 IT; a. s

    -follow'S :
    h3 = h_PT("R134A", p3, T3)
    h4 = h3

    beta = (h1 - h4) I (h2 - h1)


    Qdotin = rndot * (h1 - h4) * (1 1200)

    IT Results forT3 = 109.5 of

    x1 1
    p1 = PsaCTC'R134A", T1)
    h1 = hsat_Px("R134A", p1, x1)
    s1 = ssaCPx("R134A", p1, x1)
    s2 s1
    p2 = p3
    h2 h_Ps("R134A", p2, s2)

    h1 = 100.3 Btu/lb
    h2 = 120.5 Btu/lb
    h3 = 47.63 Btu/lb
    h4 = 47.63 Btu/lb
    13 = 2.608
    Q = 1.58 tons

    =
    =

    in

    10 -/'2.

    .. l

    PR06L~ /0.12 (Cokl'c(.)

    PuTS:

    2-.---------------,

    --

    1.5

    c:J..1

    0.5

    O+--'-,-.,--,-....,.-,----,.-,......,-.......-r---r--T-.--"---'-...,........,.---,--J

    90

    92

    94

    96

    98 100 102 104 106 108 110

    T3 (OF)

    --

    ~==========---I

    1 -

    90

    92

    94

    96

    IT

    98 100 102 104 106 108 110

    T3 rF)

    10-/3

    FRo6L6L1 10,13

    'he ~k ~f #le. r~u-veJ flah

    afe.

    olo+r.u:~ ()SI'V\~

    IT)

    soLu,~ .ffJ frololew. 10, u ~" SA"Urle. c,,(CtA\cvf-~.)

    as foLlows-: (See ~

    IT Code

    T1 -20 11C
    p3=12 II bar
    mdot = 3 II kg/min

    beta = (h1 - h4) I (h2 -h1)


    Qdotin = mdot * (h1 - h4) * (1 1211) II tons

    x1 = 1
    p1 = Psat_TC'Ammonia", T1)
    h1 = hsat_Px("Ammonia", p1, x1)
    s1 = ssat_Px("Ammonia", p1, x1)
    s2 = 51
    p2 = p3
    52 = s_PT("Ammonia", p2, T2)
    h2 = h_PT(nAmmonian, p2, T2)
    x3 = 0
    h3 = hsaCPx(nAmmonia", p3, x3)
    h4 = h3

    IT Results for T~ = -20C


    h1 = 1418 kJ/kg
    h2 = 1689 kJ/kg
    h3 = 327 kJ/kg
    h4 = 327 kJ/kg
    ~ = 4.019
    Q = 15.51 tons
    in

    I'LOT.$ '.
    6.------------------,
    5

    4
    CQ..

    3
    2

    0-h-"'T""'T""T"'"'T"""r-T"""T.....,-,--r-r"'-'-.,.,,"""-'---'--'--'--'-r-r-1"""-'-"""T'""'4
    -40
    -35
    -30
    -25
    -20
    -15
    -10

    -15

    Evaporator temperature (0C)

    Evaporator temperature (0C)

    lO-l4

    -10

    PRDf>LE.M

    10, , 4

    ~e da.k tor. M r:1tA..wu( Q>lDrs a,~ 01ohL~V\eJ. t.tSI ~9 +tot, IT U'de t1 WetA
    I \A tke so Lu.-f. ~ Df- pco hleM 10. 13.
    \ t\ -+1A t.s CtJ.S,e.) the.. VC1.rL~~1 e. -to svJeep

    is

    f'5.) ~ ~~S0r p'(essu.~.

    PLDTS '.

    6 ---,---------------,
    5
    4
    C!:l..

    3
    2

    0
    8

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    16

    15

    16

    Condenser pressure (bar)

    18
    17
    16
    Ul
    c

    0
    ~

    15

    .0"-

    14
    13
    0

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    Condenser pressure (bar)

    10-/5

    PRoBt..EM

    10. J5

    KtVOWN~

    The \(:J.eA.l V~(-c.o~pV'e~5io1l\ nd'V"lge'C"~+lo", ~c.le D1- ProbleM 10.'1


    is ~ot::l(.f\cJ to ko.."e. Cl. (.o\1l\r('essc:>r ~(.ftc.ie~~ of eoo/o ~~
    ~u.~c.oolee-l

    ll\u.\c{ ~,,\t\'\(\j t~ c..ow.leM.~eN".

    A:V\~WQ( t\M. s~~tL <tu.e;~~o~~ o.s

    EIt\Jt>:

    (0) ~ rAfes of e'!-er9:/ de.dtvclI'Oh


    'ScI1eMATtC

    ,..

    '\1\

    -Pro'o\.e.\\.\ \0,' ~t tAe-te('m,~

    'Il --t"-'. c..o~tt or:

    VA.l V~.

    A.>'\.d

    t eo, IJE~
    T~::' 32

    0"

    Condenser

    q
    L;:

    bQ.1l'

    r;::

    7Expansion

    CI valve

    \t.c..~'

    :::;]

    r;::~-

    .s

    Evaporator

    1.(0 bON

    ASSUMPTtOPVS: SetL EXd.""'f\e 10.3)


    'USl,\,Mft\o)\S l-Lf, A\so, let To ~ 301

    -- J

    I
    1+---'

    I
    :::'..I

    L;:

    K.,

    ---I .

    I We
    I Compressor I<J==

    )<

    "

    Q'.

    In

    ANALYSIS: FI"bM~ Sol\A.no"," ot_Pro~w.~ 10,', h,~ 2;1,\1 k~\~) ~1=O.q2qS k~\"'t<.
    Q.W\c.\. h,,~ -:: 213,13 k\r/4 ' l.\si~ -the c.o~,.essor e*lcle",CA:1

    "c\.c.. .. ~:~a:
    SWe.~

    P~ -:: ~ bar

    ~ ~z."OL ~\""l~t.\,,-h\)
    T)

    :=

    3;z, 4Jc.

    -=t>

    k:r/~

    -ZeZ.67

    ~l.\bcoolee.t l i~t.ti.C(.)

    ')c

    The., ~~('e$so r fDwer is .


    We.: ri\ (h-c\1,) =(5 Ic.~ ) I~\( 28l.lP1.237.'11Ic.Tj' kw'
    \IOU

    ,,:r[~.~

    $3 ~C;;f( 31. Dc.) ... , 3L( ~o \c.~,~

    ""3:'

    \'Y\U\

    s%. ~O.e:t57"

    h 3 ~ (31. c) : 44.;" ,,:r/~

    S~4 T~rc:)'~thiA~ rouse;. =t> h't':.


    qy. 3Cj k~/L:.3
    ~.> ~ -:. .31 0 ~&.f ~ S't ': D,311 q 'l
    (0,)

    (~) The re~l~efO.t\V\~ CD.fo.c.lt~ is

    1<::['/5

    lc.'J'1 k.t'K

    I::. 5.12-5 kw""...._ _~

    Q.\~ ':. m(hl-~'f) :::(5 ;;11\\( Z37.'n- 't'1.~'J )~I ~:l~;7~\~

    I:.

    3,402.

    -Ions 4

    (C) Tl\e coet-HGIe.lA-t o~ 1>er-fo'f"'MCi'.lA.ce is

    ~:. \,.., - h., =- 3.212 ""iiI~I-------------------h'l,- hI


    or (~o
    (ell for m ~rE'SSo(,,: 0:. ~Ij T ~ (.s,-s,,) +i-~~, ~
    (E.d )c.o""P = To 'th ( 1i~- S I )
    = (30\ 1<)( 5 ~\I\) ( .q S1CP -.'l ~'is) ~\..Il,,~\; ~ :~(s
    O.7()S \c.W..
    :..!t--_ _

    II

    Fe!" +~ V,J \foe..)


    (A)VCllve,. ::.

    I::.

    s \V\I\\ lo..r~

    ~ Q-VollI~

    ::. To M (Sit- 53) :. O. S1<c, kW ....


    ~r----------

    }D-l"

    ISNOWN:

    FIND:

    The. \'c(e(.\l v~r- COVV\P(~SSIO~ 're.f-\t"\.~ ert>..+ioV\ c.:Jcle of Pn:>bl~M to. '\
    \5 Ynocll.f\'e& to hQ.V({.. e, CoVkp1'e5S0r- efftcievt~ of ~3 0/0 o..~cA
    "S\.l~cookJ 1i<tltid ex'lt-,i-\g tk.e. cottdeM5et'",
    AY'\swer t~e.. sa.m~q\A(.stl.oI\S ().S \V\ frob, (0. q ~",-J. de.+eVM\~~
    (ol) f~ exeV!y &t'stm~ v-etks \~ t~ CCMl\fft"f.SD(" ~1A.d. e~'1SlO\\~l-Je,

    5C~EMAT\C.

    "'VEt-.) 'MTA:

    1<60 ~

    ---I ,
    '\

    .i

    r;;;

    ) <Expansion

    I COmpn!SSOf

    valve

    AS5VM PT(,()tJ~ ~ See EX(l~f\e. lo,5 J d s"Su.~


    tiot\.s 1-1} e x c.ept \'\.c':' gJ, Also) ~t T.;= S:S00t\,

    ----=11
    Evaporator
    LO

    I
    L::

    '\1(." '1 --

    rr
    I

    I We
    1<]==

    /l"fll.l:l+----' 1
    I 1j: 0 QF
    :::J

    ANAL\{Sl.s ~ FltS+,) +\.)( ~~ ef. +k.e. fn~c.lp"\ 5~C4.te!.,


    r\"t)\\ tlr.L. -:>o\u.-\-~o", 04 ~ro'o, lo.C\ j hl '=- (Ot~l.{ ~ J Sl-:'O.'t~" \ ~)~
    ~'l.S -:. l"!>\.Ol.{ ~wtb, USl"'-j

    \'\c:=

    St(A,~e..3

    l80

    r3'=

    fu. COtt\.f-a:!s50re.ffic.,e.",,~
    =t> h-z. ~ lAl"t-lhl=t,,~ h') = ()(,. sc 8\-<.</tb J S l='=- a.2.l..(aI8~lterc:

    t:S_-tl'

    :~

    ) T 3 = lOOF

    =Lt:\= I.(l{.~

    SWe'-l- l-t'f

    ::t>sUlbc.ool~~ li%,

    = 6. \b ~

    l~ t~

    h,- k"(

    . ( 8
    (04

    c.orwpfessor

    We.:: 'M(~~~,)

    \-or\S )

    =-(;tl.10

    =- -:l.1.1q
    (b)
    r, )

    \..c

    Qou.t

    ... ""

    '200

    6\u./",\~ , -::. 2.1. '3 0 1~~1f\


    \ +o~

    7\u/,

    ~~IA)f'o~~1{(3(,.gO-(O~,'tf{)~lS4~
    .
    We..
    h p """'..1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. -

    Gou.t
    (hr~ 3) :. 'lS2..1.1.. 6lu.1 ~ \IA ""iiI-4l""'"-"------------

    ~ 1- h Lt

    8 -:. ~
    \

    B~/Lb
    O.08<tg6~/l", or<
    -:. l(t{.t3

    S ... '::: O,lOl.q 8-k.l/lb,f.

    .C\,,\- \(l{,t.3 ) ~

    powe-r i~

    h~~hfUOOOF)
    S3 ~ 5f(00 -F) :

    ~ ~

    (~) -r~/L rt\4..SS "'low rQ,+(. \~

    W\

    z,

    ':: l,13 ~tIiC1,------------------,

    Cd.) For -\-~ c.onvp('~~sot"": ():~ ... M (S2.- 5,) + <f(.QtM.f' 1'1u.ts
    (~~, C<mcf ':. To o-~

    '=

    To li1 (s~- s.)

    = (S500R)().7:~O~.",\( .. '2.qBI-..'-1'tl)~~n. --:..l'SS-. t '1


    :5i~ i Ittr"I~,

    r,\u/M~l.\

    ..

    (E!d)

    co~p

    .for -fltA.v~(!/~

    (i=tt) \l4lvD

    :.

    cr

    ~ v~l,,4.

    :: To

    ~(

    S'f - S 3) ':.

    ('t~.1 a mu/ ~\"" ""'Mll-------~~

    10-1;

    'PRo8L'E t-"\ 10, 1T


    "NOII)"'~
    ~O'\Oe.tool'\

    Doe+-e r""",,'~

    0:

    /1'J

    f-loc.v
    c::.(J""'1(~S.sO\'"'

    M'\4,f

    0.". -\"'-a.
    F

    'IAfor- co-,."eul'ol>\ (efri,~rA-h'o"" .r'f~ie~

    ("e~\,~~",,~

    """ -t~

    r~+e.,

    "D4L4- ...

    SCijEMA'T\C

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    sttLfe.t.. For isenh-Dpic. comp~ssion


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    of per,fof"MQ. wee .

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    1 <O\.V6~ DATA ~

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    ASSUMPiftgNS: Sa-me a.s


    E~~~le 10.3 J
    (lSSu..~
    rlS I-q,eltc.ept- file. COi"'lp;"essc'r
    eH\c.I.e\l\(.j is l\(Ot' Sf>(.c.i+i'U.

    ANAl\}SlS~

    eo..ck of.- +hCl. priV\c.ipAl ~~~.


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    Av~r- c.OY'Ylpre55le lA ,.eh,,' ~ev-o..+~ ~de. is used +0 '0'0.,"1;\ -\-lA.\~


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    ASSUMPTIONS; See SX(l.~pkl 10.2. ,e.xcept Yl c:' 8041)/0.
    Qin::' J l'Ol\
    ~LYSl5" ihe. pTc>c&.u.re is -t14e- SCAYY'. .f<rr- ~C.Lt ref-ri ~erGl~. Tl1e. pn v.c.", fA l
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    n,+ (~1.S ... h, )/tLc.

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    ~'

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    ~'

    Thro-tt li "'~ q>f'O~~S ~ hCf ::.11 3

    To ~e,t 4k.e. '(e.f.~i'fra.t.J~::. Q\h

    ~c.s

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    ~\-k.'t

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    IS

    ~:: ~2.-~,
    F\~Ctl11J'

    v_~)

    '-" ,- '" ~ Tc. (o~)


    =.

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    ~'vt re.f --@/ ~~NPt


    /o-Z'2..

    ,sJ::'SzS

    Pf{06U*1 10,20 CUYJ.'d. )

    (J) The d.Gd-~ fo~ t-~ Vl?''6lA.lv-ul flats (\r-e. O~l1tE>J (.l.5\ ~j . lT; ~s fo Hows . showt' ~e~
    is 1he c.od,e ~~moY\~.1lt.c:.o&.e. +Ort)~~ge.ra",:\s i.s s,~)It)..r.
    IT Code
    mdot = (Qdotin .. 200) I (h1 - h4)
    beta = (h1 - h4) I (h2 - h1)
    betacarnot (TC + 460) I TH + 460) - (TC + 460
    eft = beta / betacarnot

    T1 TC - 15 /I of
    eta_c = 0.8
    T3 = 95 /I of
    Qdotin = 1 II ton
    TC = -25 11F
    TH = 80 /I OF

    x1 = 1
    p1 = Psat_TC'Ammonia", T1)
    h1 hsaCPx("Ammonia", pt. xt)
    s1 ssatPxf''Amrnonla", p1, x1)
    s2s = s1
    p2 p3
    szs = s_PT("Ammonia", p2, T2s)
    h2s = h_PT("Ammonia", p2, T2s)
    h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1) I eta_c
    p3 = Psat_T("Ammonia", T3)
    x3 = 0
    h3 = hsat_Px("Ammonia", p3, x3)
    h4 = h3

    =
    =
    =

    IT Results for Ammonia, Tc = -25 OF


    h1 = 597 Btu/lb
    h2 = 847.8 Btu/lb
    h2s = 797.7 Btu/lb
    h3 = 149.1 Btu/lb
    h4 = 149.1 Btu/lb
    I3carnot = 4.143
    m = 0.4465 Ib/min
    13 = 1.785
    TJref = 0.431

    nOTS'.

    5---.-----------------,

    0---.-----------------,

    4 -

    e:

    'E
    :c

    B-

    EJ

    EJ

    EJ

    2
    R134a
    R22
    -----*- Ammonia

    R134a
    R22
    -----*- Ammonia

    --f's--

    --f's--

    -tl-

    -tl-

    )(

    )(

    )(

    )(

    )(

    )(

    )(

    0-+--,....-----;---,---,--,--,....-----;----1

    -30

    -20

    -10

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    0.5 - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.4

    R134a
    R22
    -----*- Ammonia
    --f's--

    -tl-

    0.2 +--,------,----,-----,---,---,------,----1
    -30 -20 -10
    o 10 20 30 40 50

    r,

    -20

    -10

    10

    r,

    Tc (OF)

    0.3

    -30

    ("F)

    lD-Z3

    (OF)

    20

    30

    40

    50

    *"

    PRot!>LEM ''0.21
    k~owtJ:

    0.. ,.,.,~on

    is ~e. WDV'k.\"'j fLo...itt \\\ c, "04for- c.o"'P~SS\o~


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    :D.Q~-(,M\"'e.~} tk.L m"-~s flow rlA.te e~ Yef~l~e.v-a..~t ) <..b) fILa.
    contp,res$()\ p6w~r ) (e) tl\e. coeffie-iewt Df.. per.f.or~Y\c.e J ~~o{
    (cO ~he.. iseYlrrop\.c. corn.p('~sso(" efHc.le,\'l~ .

    Sck!EMATlC

    IA.

    glYE~ ~"A:

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    r;:---

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    L'::

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    -"

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    Evaporator

    ~-...ll

    I_--+-_
    [
    L'::__ _ __ ::::J

    AS$UMPtLON5: See Exo..nvpk I~, 3 )


    Q..~s~~P+\.o~s 1- "t I exc.ept t"'-e. c.o~""m~sso('"
    eff.t.(.lt-II\~

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    .s

    T2. -=.

    T 1-:' - 2."l.. C>c.

    'S~i.v4!.{>.

    is (A.1i\k. ....DW~.

    F,'rst J ~l" edcH of fLte. prt "'C.lp(1( sfcdes.


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    ANALYSlS:

    P'1.-:..lu bo-I"" I T"l,.. ~ t~O'c. ~ ~l.. :: ll'tt .~S kS I"~

    Sro.te. 2..
    ~t(t~e. 3

    ?'} ~

    bo-.r I $o..t. hC\ \A\cA ~ ~~ ':. ~1~.\{{g ~:r {k.~


    ~ro+tl\4 ~ r-ot~~~ =-/ ~'\ ~""~ ':. 'l1<..t1(, ~r/~

    S-Mfe.&f
    (~) The.

    \'Y\(4SS

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    Q 1"\
    ~::.

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    ({SO "W)
    II k:r/SI
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    ' ' _- 'NtSI0Q"-)1('.~)~
    l ~w
    ~O.(l{~l{ /S

    (}'l 'he. (.O\')'\pressor- ~ower is


    .
    We::' vn (\1'2.-~I) : (0. {l{\(l( ~) (l1q~.4.S'(C)

    The. <:..oef~ i c. ',-e.\I\.t e f(J.

    \:"' -=

    C-afA.C\iy

    Q "1/\

    w =
    c,

    p~rtorM ~W\,e.

    (OS 0 ~vJ
    55.)<1 ~vJ

    W\

    {(S'.oB)~1 t:~ I-;::S5;3~:-W We.

    l.s

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    (c\) Fc>Y" iseV\~\e- eo~r~~S\f)Y'. ~ P'Zoi ltD bo....C'"


    1k.u.~} th.(. iseli\~r\.c. e~tlcieV\t.Cj i.s
    Y\c.= h'Z.S-h, -= t1S'S,l~-{l.(IS'.Og _

    ~~- \Il,

    AI

    --.J~
    J

    S~s::

    5,

    =t> l-t1.S -= 1155."'!l~

    rl'\~.t{S-{C{IS".O' -Ot~g (~f6.~%)

    JO-24

    krA.~

    . . .- ------..,;;

    PROBLEM

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    Kt-)ou.Jt..J:

    R 13440

    S'(~+t1N\

    V\A~iV\1

    .... ~

    j~ i'~ worl::.l'~j flv,'d iY\ A. vapor - C.OV\Af'~HI'd"'" t'tlfy"er~ta'o",


    4li\. Wt'A.~r c.eo/eci co~c:I-e""t-er, I~ CApAc4it t4 ~I'\.C)W", Q.1'\c1

    CO-~.aIO~ ~U&S

    14 dAs~lo.d 1'1

    0
    ~c-v

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    a ...cl. ~ 1'rAt-'" ~ A.....b. -foy +-"'--

    p.,-'.Ol;:

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    ~134o.J (b) ro~~r I'V\('~


    ~-r--u ~ 4 av"J CC.) CAC#' u' e ~
    p4't' fwtN\AMU J Cd) CA>()I .... WAW ~s.t /-<ow rtl. k) (e) ro-~ t 'h
    4-et"''r'\ d,gS tt ve h' V\1 t.N:. ~ c.. """ <:U ""&--t- Cl.A\.d ~ f' C4 ~. ~ VA I W J ~ vi-FINf,);

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    blVEt.J 'DA-TA~

    c.ooll~~ wa:tet"
    300C.

    .:10

    P3 = 11.(, bAr"
    '1""I.t't 0c.

    ...~

    1. '1."-

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    ..'I

    ) <Expansion
    valve

    s
    QIn = 10 tOl'\S
    A=s~uMPrLONS.(\) ~().e'" c.om(>One\Ait lS a.v\('A.~7.eJ ~ (A ~l \1~lu.I\A.e.. a;f- stecdj
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    The. coefti.c.ieV\.t Df ~'I'~"'~""\I\C' is


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    I

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    -10

    5
    ASSUMpnONS:

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    ANA-LYSIf:,~ FIf-st J .(:l)c

    (a.)

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    PROBLE M 10.25
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    ~"A.IUA""UV\S c..~ fo.< iuW\""...... ,,3..ecl

    ~k-o.fe~.. (t'a ,...:


    - eo~.u"~""
    , .. p~

    I Cf4

    ...,

    f,1{ot I',

    'DISro~".fi o.,.~ +..... ~~:


    -TtVl"c:{at--:+o c..' fCr''''''
    - \~"sf'viP "",..r"" re...)"'w...

    e . S I'i'- " ....Is (1(,.'%)

    'D.$Iw-"eho""~

    031-,

    Co-t""'tC fIor

    v... tve..

    o~qr

    q""r-w~m--

    'o...c:l..~,...

    (\'\..
    llS'.iJo \

    O'3tL..

    "

    (l't.l-/')

    01'3

    "

    'Ict.'&.~)

    I.1l If

    10-31

    '0 )

    "

    8f14Ls

    2."

    PROfZ>t-cM 10.

    A Ye~rl~eY-Cl+ioll\ 1'\1 S\.e.>M ft"oA",-cS Chill ec.( \AI ,,--\-exW\a.\V\,"~\"\~ at ~ ""'C.u...U.M b~ ~ st~o.W\ eie. c:.tor.

    KNOWN;

    M vo.r\oW'

    lOCAtd,')~.

    ''''' C\. +l~sk c.k..~1aer


    1>~-\-C\.

    '0'12

    k.rlOtA))o\

    'De-\-et'm,'it\Q. -\oke. 'M.~"e-u..f \.vQ.~el" o.Y\~ CO()I.~~ Wttt-er- flow Y'o..tes.

    E1Nl):.

    Air
    Saturated vapor
    at 200 kPa
    Vacuum
    pump

    Ejector nozzle
    Steam jet

    ..,

    P =4 kPa

    ASSUfVlPTtONS :(1) EDL\.t. CO~paneu.:" is

    a na.ly t.eet. a.~

    Q.,+

    CO\A.~I \rotlA.W\1e..

    4.

    s~c.e.~ S~.

    Condenser

    ih~ pl4Mp WOf"': is


    t19\ t~ do\e. .(?) K\Vlc:.h<.. Q.\A.d... pok~+\.~
    e.\Aer!6'j e"ec.~ Q,flZ,. ""~8\\,\lole 4t--"1A.e.
    ~",,~b.e(ed loca+t.o~. <......) .,.~e.~ Q.'("E.
    (2.)

    no ~h-a.~ ~e.C'.\.+
    surrec, V\.~~~s

    5fa:k

    tr'~W\s~e(s w'\,\-(" ~

    First J +lX ead....

    ANM.ysr.s'.

    C!>f

    'l(I\Q..

    Skte. 'I-

    Condensate
    return
    to drain

    prilt1Gl p~1 ?tdteS.

    hi :: 2"10".1

    SC4t. V4('Or.J zoolcPo.. =t>

    ~ sa.t. lit ki& , ~Dg. =I>

    Skje

    Cooling
    water in
    at 15C

    h2,:::

    k':T/~

    2.oltB k.3'~

    h.3 = Iv, 2- +- ji{/ ~ z. ~ '" 2Q,o~::'

    L,~

    t't'2.

    fens

    =-, .7Q8)(t 0" /c.J{h

    h3 1- QIOo.d/M :: ~().'8 t-(1.1'8x/o6/


    cJ+fI,fe S 75 -:: (SoC. J 'S ~ ~f e7.5) ~ to z: 1c; lc:Jl ~
    Sfr;.te le :;ec.f . 'lr~e,...) S.pc
    "',,::':2 510 f.:, lc:."" I Ie.,
    ..skd(! 1 ~. ~e,. J 1I kPq" :::at> ~7 :. 2.S5~.1.f "'" I k~
    s..{o;\ e e. sa.-t. l ", u, ~ J If Ic:.P4:4. :=}:) L-1 8 e, J 2.'.'lip k,J (I~
    :.

    2..5/ ooo)

    tJow) c.oV\~:\.c.lor

    ... c.ert\-hlPl

    vC)l.u..~e e\A.G-l.o~\'",~ ~Q

    .c.\,,",~ e-ktl.1'w\ber :

    ~Lt h.. + ~5\1\S .: ~"2.h1.'" -M~"f17


    "'" 2.

    = ~,4-

    'N\s::'YV\,-

    ~s(~s-~<o) :. -m2.(~~-hq)

    10-32

    =., 2.'1 "'J/l.j

    P20tbl~

    or

    10.26 (CoV\tl~)

    . (h k"lJ (\f-.
    2. -

    Y\'\..s ::

    'M 2..

    h 5 -

    =.

    \t\ Co

    5,000

    ~
    l-l

    (ae.vs -

    2.~ ~

    ~ 2.tt'\ - J. 'S I 0 , b

    =-13lJ'. CD \c.j/ ~ ""EIq~-------~-=


    "0\,5

    Next, c,o"s'it;{er

    Cl

    cc:m-trol

    ~, '" \

    0("'

    'J~\u.W\e.. e~c..\of>'~ the s\-eG\M

    jf.t e.jecJoi.

    ~b ~(, ;: ~1 \ ' ,
    (l - ~~ ) h l' ~" h -:. ~
    -t

    ~'1

    ~ (.

    W\,

    '

    '"

    "l

    : I h,- ""'~ \

    =fJ. ss~. \f- 2.~ Olo.,)


    \iSIO.b - z..10~.'1)

    M, Cker, - k,'
    'lh 1

    :::.

    :.

    D.77"Y

    13'4-Cpj."tgc, ::.<1'15.'1 k,,/k

    F'lAClll~ 1 ~,.. -t~e CDl/\tt-e\Asev-

    v\, (h, - ~ 8') -= ~c.w (hew) O~t - he"" I i~ ')

    "'+ (
    -M,..,,, ~h' - ~ 8

    FroM ,.. ~\O\e: A- '3 ) ~C&.JI i: ~

    1\w.s

    c.w

    IS

    1 h

    0c.) ::.

    (0 2.9C}

    J_
    b

    _ \,

    Co"" CI\41:

    k~l~ (J.v.J... ~cwJoc.et = l04.8"ll<~~d.


    k.5 )

    - ~ "t S.'1 ~

    L2.'5SIf. 'i - llor. ~ (, \

    J0

    ~ a c:a

    CD z.

    ct, -)

    "'" J \ '"

    = 5 et/t20 1:..,3 I

    10

    -33

    n;C.w

    PRot?JCM 10.27

    kNOWN:

    A c.ce.Satde

    r-.efV'I'~era.h~ -sljsrerY) is orrYy:>o$ed ef. ioso ideal Vaporco""p'r~sst'())f\ ~cTes ~i}'" 411\ ;~"-.lb1\necf,~, hw elCck4~~r, 1:tJ.~
    are ft.K,OWt! eLf" Va.YU'/J.~ }oC(l,hctlS 11\ eA.cL-t ~C{e J Ccnd fke. refri,.efUfr~
    ~fU)..kj IS

    91 \/t.1;t ,

    (tA) -fht. power Ji1Pl.'t +0 ~fAClA. cow-presso, CbJ -fl.te_ CDe(.f.,c:'lewr


    of pe-rforM()..Vlce I "M(C) fhe ro.te 0 f ~ere:Jde.strvchOVI;l'J, tk(' lL1tert'Yle&..<Pk.

    'Perermli1e

    l1et<.f oll-r cfAa YlSe(",


    $c ktGlvtAnc

    Qout

    (i; VGN DA-V\:

    ASSUMPUONS ~ (I) Ike . ~'$l,A.M 'Pt~ns


    of- E.x"o.~p'e lO,' (Xpp\~ fo\' e~
    ~c.l~ ,(1,) TkeY"e. i.s ViO V\~+ tf'ClN\Jter

    P, =2 ~ ()
    S(I.I;1)"

    =t> h \:.

    1)~~O

    ';6'

    jfa:le. 2. ~ ""2.= 'S 0 I~~hi.t l..J s z.'=- SI =i> 11'2,.":. I H, ~l.I


    5tCl.+e 3 .. r~ =50 IIGJ.f{,iA't.l sof, lJ'1 Ltio(
    =t> Vt ::. 2."1.1 '( JatK/lb J S3":. 0,0523 ~hA./n,o~
    3

    lbE/tj,.'2.
    3

    Expansion
    valve

    Low-temperature
    f----J
    evaporator

    ltO,'2.1 OF

    Qin :

    Sklelf: l''i=-p.) ikrCl*\lI~., ?l'oce~Sj h'{:'\"~":.),~,I~ ,-s...


    For tkt. 1<-1.'). c.ycle ~
    Sfa;fes: Ts =: 73 - 5 :.
    sto,:{e {q '.

    It =. 2,50

    5k+e1:

    P7: Z S 0

    SA.f, 1/"PO'("

    7S =T3-SOF

    vOf''r

    q 7, ,2. takt/lb) so) :. D. 'Z2. "" eke/ (b'o~

    T~:.

    Intermediate
    heat exchanger

    St&-i,

    s~.

    Expansion
    valve

    11Ae. (ltJ..tslc;l.e sf- ~ \\,dq-wclA.A:te


    heed etccW.e."'!er"', (?t) L-et 70 ~ SOOF ::. ;"IOti!.
    ~ fo:' ILf ,1 lbHI\...'1.,
    ANM,'{St$ '. F 'rST) f LX e",d" 6f +tte
    p\'(~c.i fl'tl sfe,tfes.

    5+oie. t. T; :'-30~FJ

    High-temperature
    condenser

    For t~e. R-l?>46.. ~ck:

    IW-/Iv.z. r----E"--~

    3S.77F,

    SAt,~

    =l>

    20

    ~t. VApOrT..... -3c D F

    L
    TV)'} S

    ":.O.{)Sb3 BkA.I(h~

    hs~ 107 8' el-tLllb)

    Ss::

    O(~20c;5 \~

    t w.!I~~ s~.:: S S ~

    h,,:: ('2..0,5 l BkAl \6


    {l,;,p{I"'~f>A.f.liZ(),(d =ph7 :. Lf3,4b SkA/lh

    ~: Ts = 35.7.7~F-.; Throttr,;,~p ...o~ss =t> t,5 :~1:' 43,4(, e""/lt,


    ~ Sa : O,~1oe8 0ru/l b 'O
    R
    (t).)

    The.. MA-SS fww ro-te. l)f ~"13t{~ i.s &eteV'vtll'Jt\e.cl (.c$1i1~ 111e. ~W9tt1 r.el- r l', emh K.5

    c.1f>~c.dy

    , .
    Go u"

    a.,'''' = ~ ~13C4e..( h _h ) =t> ~n'13'{"'("',-~'t)


    ::.
    I

    lot

    (2C to~s)
    l'2.tQcO ekl/'I\A.Wa.
    ('I.~'2.-2't'14).!~~
    1-n,Y\

    :. 51./ .(,~ lbl ~llA

    T~, ~ -\'~ R"l?>4~~re~Ser


    W C.\:'

    ~(l.-l~\{"" ( ~'2. - '" ,) ~ (5"'f.foftJ ~~) (Ill :~\f - Q1, '32.) ~


    ::. -rill, .3 fb\-1,t (\MilA ...

    10-34

    To +l,;.d -#Ie refYi~eYT,(t

    ZZ-"}1I/U.SS

    e'Kc(,1f.t~er.

    flew m;fe )ClHo-l~ze fke inkrntedcare tte,ti

    0:: 'YV\tz_I~'{c:..C~'2.-!.-J~\ 't ~2-'2.,(h8-t.,S)

    or

    ~ 1Z-'2.'2.

    = ~1t-1'3'tA (\--a.,.-1A 3

    h s- hs

    \1..)~ Ul.)l# -Z-C{.l'l ~

    fr.

    ::. ~"l.1I(" ~

    mll'\

    /09-.

    ~3.e..t"

    ;: 1+. 08 1\,/t"\ilo\

    11uJ.s, k -\-u
    .

    W,"1.. ::.
    (b)

    iV\e.

    C.OMPl'~~~ fJI

    R-'2."2.

    \b

    ' I
    \'V)fl,-'1."1. (

    V\~- Lt s ) :: (14. og ~) ( \20. '51-

    c>"e'('CA,LI c.oefHde",* Q~
    G..,~

    ~:::. ~<..\1'W~'1.

    ::.

    (/~(,.3

    -= ,~. 31-

    tc \ Fo" i-he

    11)1.8) I

    z: Cf4}. (p

    'V4r'forMC<Mce. lS
    ('2.0 ~~)

    +'14{.'" )

    ~/M~l.\

    1
    .... i 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - f -

    ~elA.t e)GclA", Y\')01'"

    -<r~o
    o =-rf-CT
    Ij +

    ~ R-l3\(4 ,-S3) +

    Tlw..$
    td =- To ()\4~ ~ To [M I~_\~\(",(s'3- s-z.) + t\1cz_'2.,.l s: s -$ e)]

    =- (sqooe, (~i."(,) )(.052.3 -. 'Z:2.CDw)~ +(1'1.0 '(;)


    z: S 6 . ~f

    6\1A./ M~'",

    Lo-35

    (. 220QS -.

    O'l068)]

    PRoBLEM 10. ~
    KNQWtJ ~

    Refr~eYU""-t. 134a.:\s +\r.e W~Y"-\~5 .q.\u:,-~ \\1\ o: "e::tf0~-c.o'Mft'essiD~


    ren-(~ er ~tlO\\ S\1"te.M us \V\~ two - st(J.~e. ~(26~( ot\. Wl~
    In+eylCcool''~ b-tlwUAA.

    fu ~t~e~. i~ l"etr~erA.hll\g CClfo.c.\~


    Is ~\v.eV\i~. ~A dtUCk. ~+ va.y~u.s \oco..tt.ov\.s are, ~V\OWY\.
    DeteV'YY\ ''''(l. (~) ~e. power ir\(lu.t to ea..c.~ comprsSSOf") 0M.cl CD) tk.t.
    coeffl'C ie.~-t E>.f per-forvY\l)M.C.e..
    sc\itE:MA1'\c.. ~ "we"; t>~\A:

    T
    5

    WcJ,

    -30C

    ASSV~PTI.CN$ :

    (,l)

    Ecl.,,~ (()Y\'\.fOne.~ \.$ a..Y\e\;~-c.eJ

    'l~ 0.. urn.~1 volu.~e. ~+ s~ sto.k..().} The


    COrl'\.p-re.$S(WS sperd. ise.Vl.tTo(>ieo.",~. (31 1her~o.~

    tor

    no ~(ess(,(,(e Glr~()~
    ttow f\;\t'0W1'-' o..~ E)f ~
    h.t.~+ e,lc;cWa.~e(S ('f' ~ flo.~~ c..~W\".ef"'.
    (lfl The .f.lQ.~~ ~~Ioer ~ &weck ~

    7
    ,

    $A.'t.

    Ii 1>.

    bpansion

    valve

    _J

    h~ ~XcM.~e-r ~e o.d.icJoo.ti..ea.L~.
    (5\ TV.L expo-"'s,~ ~.~ t\.e. voJN~ \S o, ~ l~
    ~rc'C.ess. (Co) k \'W\e:~'iL CMVl f<'~W e.~er'4~
    ef.f.ec.:ts C(.ve. n~ll<3lb\e.
    ANAL~S\S ~ F\Kt J of l'l' eo.clA sf ~e. pt in (oi p~.L sh~.+es.
    StoJe. \ T l :. - 30 o(!. J 5(1t..~. v~r- :> h\ s: 22 '.I'i JC \J/t=f.3)

    S I

    = O.

    'f't '31/

    Je';]

    lie,;'/<' .

    sWe. 2.. f-z. ': L\ baN' ) ~a. =5, :t> h~:, 2'0.'-2- KTr~
    st~e, 5 fs ~ \'2. bOJ(' } s~.li~\A.l.~ =t> hs :. j1S11e> k'J'/~
    ~ T~'u'o,*l\"g pvo~c;s

    -=t> h" ':. Lt s = II ~-1("

    'tC-~/fC.',) ~,,~ o.2.g2~

    1, -:. I.{ Ioc:lr J sovt. l i1WA ~ h1:' ~2-.0o~;r/~


    Throttl''''9 pt'ocss =t> h~:' h,:; "'2....0D lc:rI~
    ?~ :: "\ bt\.V' ) s~t. vC/fo(" ~ hq :. ZS2.32- k.;:r/k.~

    Sta.te. 1
    sm~e 6
    5t-a.+e. q
    ~

    The .y.,ra.c..+lolr\ of ~e. flotv h~to -(-\,\c flAs~ ~~eC" a..-t b fu*
    ClS s~\uKo.kecA. v"fO!' CNt q is e~v.c..l -\-0 tff.A..~~ d".
    The li~\A.~ lea.vl"'j -tWt. .f\.o..&l.\ e.tAAW\Io4!ro*"1 is -H':e. frtA.C.t~
    l-XIlJ.
    Wi",- ~ fl.ew '<'Me.. ~(d"lOS
    o -. (I-X,,) h .. + Xc. ~'\ - 1.

    )C'\,"t,S

    or

    "'3

    ~'3 -. (l-')(,,) h. + 'tee.

    h Cl
    1
    -:. ( 1- o.Z~2.r-)C2"O.U)+ O.'2.i U"( '2..nl )=

    CAAd b'a i~-N-f"O'''~DY' ""'" T~ A-I,- ,",wh.-.h:r

    ,s~4.

    ZS81'T 'f-\J I ~

    we

    P~:'l2..bAt""1 S4:'S'3 ~ h~:'Z.i'("Cf K~Jlt=tj.

    J 0-

    3lD

    SJ:' O.q!'S1.tt:..<rl~'1I<

    (4) Tc9 fAe+et"M\lAe.. ~ ~f"e$sO'("" ~eVJerf"J fir~+ deAeV"w\\~e. ~ ~~S

    flew

    '(~e.~.

    Far ~ ev'1X>ro-~
    Q' . -::.~(h-hd)
    "~

    '11\

    . _
    'YV\,

    <i,~
    _
    h,- h 6) -

    :::

    00 fcn,.S)
    (Zz.<:f ,/'1- ''2...00)

    O/ll

    Ibtl k:r{lkW III M\~


    \ -\-0'"

    "0 S

    ~/s

    ~t~ g~ ~ ~ ~Low Q>V.~SI""~ ~"",IA

    11u.ts)

    ~
    Wc.'L:'

    (bJ

    The.

    ~3( h~-l,3)::' (O.2.CJ~X28/.,"'7'-2S-g.2.r):: (g,Sb k.iN.

    c.oe+f.~<:.iewt

    Q.\~
    \ - Wc., t-Wc.-z.

    P.> -

    e-F ~r.fo-rWlCU\C~ is
    -:.

    (to ~5)

    (lJ,.c., .... ,. ~ b ) "-\II

    = Z. ft"

    , 2\\

    \c::r/r~\\\A'III\I\\i.\

    \~

    bo s

    II kW

    {k~{s

    Wc,1.

    "'IIii~~--------------_...:-

    ['0-31

    'PIlO~LEM

    10.2.q

    AMo\"""O~o.. IS t~ e..uo~k.4...., f-Iv" J ,'", 0... ~ -stp.,,~ vo-r0r- CC)~~I~


    S'ts,"""", lJ ,;~, a... cL.ir.e+ eoV\.Tad heA t ~c ~"'''''je,... '""'
    ac/..".;E'V"~ ;t1-1-at"c.4')Ol"""j" 1)4l'..+Doo. ~~~ tc"""'l.A.In ~+ ~~"'''()U.s tOCA+t'OY\S.J
    Cll-\ cl -t<- r e fv ,"~ e r 0- t\ V'\1 c.A.p A. Cot"
    c.o ~ i ve,.,

    l'NowN:

    re fr\1~Ah'~

    +;

    t=- I t..J t) ".


    D-e. ~~'k Co ( ~) ~ ~ -h' 0
    -t"-t "'-- IS . ~ / tfV,r r A .,.. oS v.:.. 'J I";", (.IAA.f\SlArlr) J (0) ti..a l'oc.eJ.er- ,''''pfA.+ to e.....c..c.... .<:.0 ~6.Jur 'S-+--.q--c.J ~ ccj ~
    p~rW'"~, Cd.) 1>'01 e.Cl.cM ~ ~ ., V41"#-h'~J ....,;. p6.rlt c.a.) - Cc)
    tA .l v..k

    Coef6""

    '1

    -tt-

    Vflrfe.tS

    'iI>,.,. e.u

    cl.c",~cr-~-b c t- ksa.-C> ./U)'c..~~ ~su,~.

    S,

    Qout

    Sc~n<:..

    ~L"SN PM2\::

    .2501bfl ~~

    'T

    &/
    '1~

    ,
    .'

    "t.xpansion

    t'

    valve

    Direct contact
    heat exchan er

    A$suMpnotVS ~ (I) Eta.dI\. c.o~fOneMt


    a.nQJ~~eJ. tt~

    "

    ~(V~lu.Me.
    ~~
    ~(~SSO('.s ) vc.c.\"e~ ~

    Q.

    Sta.4e. .(1. \ l1\4.


    d\rtct Um:ftAc.'t hu.t e ')( cllQ.~e.,. e~
    ~pe.fM(L ~C:o.b(A.tiGA\l"j.(~) -rk ekpa.~SlCMS
    to\YoU1~ t\a...c. V-.wes 1>,.V'(l. +hro'tt \ '~9 proc..esse.s.

    (&f)Tht.f't.

    (H'L 1\0

    Qin =

    30 tons

    s~n\Hc.Q.",* fre.~~~e. d~

    lor --ow ~Y'Ov..,,,, ~ ~fA.t e.~eW-.~erS.<'5) k:\t\chc..


    cw.d.. rokl.\kW ~e.f~'j ef~((,ts We, v\~\ lble..

    F\'rst, t\.,c

    A-NM,\l5\S',

    Sn:ue \ T, ': -2.0 OF ,

    i"

    e~ E>+- ~ fnV\(,\~A.l S~S.

    "4fOr"

    SA-to

    hi ~ /loqj,16*",' (!o,

    ~ For i$~II\,~\c.Ccm\fret;~lCl'. p~: 60 l"fl~~)


    J

    ~I

    1.01(,'2.

    'Sz.r 5, :(>

    VS\ k~ +kL ~te$~ effc:e.I~I/\~ )


    nCo:'

    ~~te. 3

    \tl\\~-a'
    ~-

    k'Z..~ ~l+- (k",s-~')

    P3': 80 l~f"~7)~t. 'itlfor

    ~~+e..i

    r't~ ~So lbHllt\~ ) SlfS ::

    hLf '=- ~., To

    ~~

    $1>

    =t>

    :.

    7(97,5'<)

    \I\~s '= &'1'2.)'1 ~

    Skv'lb

    h:;:. "23.~2. t.kA/lb J S3 ::

    h'ts ~

    BkA/"oOR,

    t9'(3.53 6~/lb

    ,.2 S'Z'I 6foIIbR.

    . 1ks

    h'ts-"~) ~ 705.ct1- 64u./lb


    he:.

    ~ Ps ':, :2 So \10(./\",2;- J SQ.,t. ll~ uA.d. ~ ~ S :. Lh111 ~w./11


    StMe <D Throtth~~ pt"oc.eSS =t> ~.~ ~5 -.:. '~1."17 'i!J}v.../ lb
    ~t6.~Q.1 p., ': 8'0 lb.f l'IAt:- J sc.a.t. l it>u.u,t =t> ~, ':. ~ I. '2. '2.. S~ (b
    s+~ 8 1hnrtt\l~ frec.e~~
    (A.)

    ike..

    M,CA.SS

    ,
    "I'A I

    Q'.2'2-

    %\-0./\\0

    .fLow ~tt, ~ro~k. ~ eNo.pora.ft:rr ts

    ':

    -=t> ~e ::.\t\~-::..

    ;""

    ~\-h~

    c::~ 0 to~> )

    -(bO'f.bl-Q','2.'2.)8k.t..
    I'D

    ,,.00 l~
    6WW\\""I'

    10-38

    U,

    :.

    ll.f#q~

    ?~BLEM

    {O .:z,~

    (~-td)- p~ 2-

    ih~

    V\'\A.SS flew rnA-e. 'l~to -\k S<Z.c.o~ ~~,~e. 8~e.. '\.& d.e,-\eV"n\\~~tA ~
    LtS\lI\g ~\A. .e~f.V'9C1 bcA.\~ 0'\\. tNL tLt'ee:t CD)\.fat;t h~t e"ck4~.e,.
    0::; ~"~Co + ~7. k'1. - 1\1\;) ~3 - ~, h,

    Buk

    W\~:: ~3

    <Mul~,:.M1.=-~'

    o=- ~~(h~-h~)~-M\(k'1..-k1)

    'M -::. ~J~'-"''L

    o-r

    \ :. QI''''~

    \: h" - h '5)

    't',Z2

    -7()1.'S,) ::.

    (5.92.

    '\ \(,1.-77 -(,23.,2-

    \b/~iM.

    The. MC4.~S -flew ("(A.t~ ('o':\"\.-o 'l~

    tM 3/M\ -=. /.353~


    \.h) Tktl. fowe-r \V\P\4.t to t\u2.

    -M3/W.,

    f..:rst

    (..()O\ffe~So-r s~e.

    i..t

    WC,\ -=- ~\ ( h-z.- ~, )

    "[<.0l~M\~I( I07,~'t-lPV"(,'
    ~

    \b
    :. ( "."q~)(

    I_",u

    Q4u.1 1SlfS~k1/h
    I hp
    ij;

    WeI
    -:. J. 8.3~ h p '"'lIiI~I-------------------
    Ano.)

    \'OWe,('

    Wc,-z, -=

    'V\~

    ~ 3(

    -\0 ~ S~ c.om~ ....es~o("

    \\'i - ~'l)

    ::(15.~1) ("105 .~2 - b23. ~ "l- )t2.;~51

    (e) Tkll. cc~fh(,l~t

    Q~

    f.er.fo-rma....ee

    :.

    s ...~~ is

    .
    Wc?.
    .;.;:0

    30,9>1 h p ...
    .,

    = ;Z.3C(O 00IIIli-4r-----------------~
    Cd) .he daJa -Por ft,te r~ltirtd
    ITCode

    Qdotin = 30 II tons
    T1 =-20 11F
    p2 = 80 IIIbf/in 2
    p3 = p2
    p4 = 250 II Ibf/in2
    eta_c1 = 0.85
    eta_c2 = 0.85
    x1 = 1
    p1 = Psat_T('Ammonia", T1)
    h1 = hsat_Px("Ammonia", p1, x1)

    flok

    Me

    do/t:a.LVteJ usi...",

    s1 = ssaCPx("Ammonia", p1, x1)


    s2s = s1
    h2s = h_Ps("Ammonia", p2, s2s)
    h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1) I eta_c1
    x3 = 1
    h3 = hsat_Px("Ammonia", p3, x3)
    s3 = ssat_Px("Ammonia", p3, x3)
    s4s = s3
    h4s = h_Ps("Ammonia", p4, s4s)
    h4 = h3 + (h4s - h3) I eta_c2
    p5 = p4
    h5 = hsat_Px("Ammonia", p5, 0)
    h6 = h5

    IT Results for DZ = 80 Ibf/in.2

    h 1 = 604.2 Btu/lb
    h2 = 707.1 Btu/lb
    h2s = 691.7 Btu/lb
    h3 = 622.9 Btu/lb
    h4 = 705.2 Btu/lb
    h4s = 692.9 Btu/lb
    h5 = 167.7 Btu/lb
    hs = 167.7 Btu/lb

    I':'> as

    -folLows:

    p7 = p3
    h7 = hsaCPx("Ammonia", p7, 0)
    h8 = h7
    mdot1 = (Qdotin * 200) I (h1 - h8) II Btu/min
    0= mdot3 * (h6 - h3) + mdot1 * (h2 - h7)
    mratio = mdot3 I mdot1
    Wdotc1 = rndott * (h2 - h1) * (60 I 2545)
    Wdotc2 = mdot3 * (h4 - h3) * (60 I 2545)
    Wdotc = Wdotc1 + Wdotc2
    beta = Qdotin*200)/(Wdotc1 +Wdotc2* (60/2545)
    h7 = 91.16 Btu/lb
    he = 91.16 Btu/lb
    ri1 / ri1 = 1.353
    3
    1

    = 28.37 hp

    = 30.71 hp

    c1

    c2

    = 59.08 hp

    c
    P= 2.394

    PR06L~ 10.1.'1 (~'d.) -p~e..1


    'PLOTS:
    70

    1.4 - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    W +W

    1.39

    c1

    60

    c2

    1.38
    50

    1.37
    ..E
    '<,

    1.36

    'C:

    (")

    -E

    40

    .c

    1.35
    1.34

    -So 30

    1.33

    20

    c1

    1.32
    1.31

    10

    20

    0
    40

    60

    80

    100 120 140 160 180 200


    P2 (Ibf/in.

    1.5

    0.5

    O+-,-,..---;-,.....-,----r-,-,...-,----,--.--r--r---r--r-r----,--j

    40

    60

    80

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100 120 140 160 180 200


    P2 (lbf/in. 2 )

    2.5 - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    20

    IN

    c2

    100 120 140 160 180 200


    P2 (lbf/in. 2 )

    10-40

    K.NOWN. : A vap"r-COM(>vo-essI c,.". ~~UJ e~f~61-'\ s ~s.j.e. WI


    Sl-l(P~l/~~

    z z: . J)afi.. .CU'-e

    wi-k-t

    YJ.1 ecltt.c.KiclA.l

    kw.pwYl a.t va.rLtJLU


    Ic:>c.a.fwrlS J ~ fke rePri,eraft~:J e.a.ptJ.Ct.t!j is ~LV!"l.
    ~t~ml~e. (at) fLte rna,s flo-w rffe t"1Ak> eocu. CCflA1Jrus&,: Cb)-fLvL
    power lilJpv.,t .'lIt.4-l> eAclA. unv..p~S~(!)~ (A.~ (eo) +k.a. e"efl.l'c./~t4- tJf

    FIND',

    1,t.5-S

    refrijWfA.IIf.:t

    oorfor('\llCt.lY\ce
    .
    rSCU6MAnC.

    8- wi VEAJ DA--TA ~

    heat exchanger

    .,..

    Q' out

    Counterflow

    P4

    = 180 Ibf/in. 2 ,
    = 40F

    ;- -

    Saturated liquid,
    -

    P3

    = 180
    3

    lbt/in.?
    ,---->...,.--.,
    ~~

    Condenser

    7
    Saturated vapor,

    T7

    l..e

    = 20F

    Ps

    = 180 Ibf/in. 2

    iE:1 pansion

    2
    P2 = 180 Ibf/in.2

    valve

    .5

    ASSUMPTLDNS ~ (I) E~(,l.\ c.oMj>one\A+


    YV\c:>tl~lee.t o-s C\. c..oY\.trC9\ "oLlA~~ at

    . I

    is

    Main
    compressor

    s~ &~1e, (2-) 1\1e. c..o~l"e~so('.s


    o~~ \selA:k'up\(,(,(llcj )C;} ""k~e QJ

    Wei

    vv.. t

    It-------l 1
    Saturated vapor,

    \l('es~u,re ~~ ~ro~ \..\ fu IAu-t


    e~c~~us.(if) K.~dlc ~\I\J rokufitll
    e~er~'1 effects (,(,re V\e~U~'t16\(2 ,

    Tl

    \1\0

    ~ , FirstJ

    ...

    s,

    = -20F

    cSfrAJe~.
    ~: T,=-20cFJScd,~ .::t>{t,,: 102::50 Ii3lu/1b,s.:::, ().z.33Lf ldkc.lllo,DR

    ~e 2:

    ~~

    pz -:>.(80

    ~'.
    ~:

    ~
    lb.)

    l"flc.~1.) S2. C $ . =t>

    1.1'2,.:'

    12'1,23 8kAJIII1

    P3 =ISc>

    ~~ Plj
    ~

    fix eec.c.!.t of ~e prt~c.tp(.41

    lbflti..t~ ~+, UqlA.('d. =t> k3 = 35."5 Bft.t/~b


    =180 ll*/i",2.) T4 =4,O oF -=P SLtlocoDleJ:=t> h4 ~ ~ (q-OOp) :: ~l,(p~

    8fullb

    Thn> fl (I ~'j prr>~S' ==t>

    ltl 5 :: h'{ :. 2'. be. iO}ullh


    1hr"tt{IJt~ pr()~~ ~ h,,: L.t~ = 35.15 0k-<./lb
    T;:: 20"C J S~, "1ITAfJt>7:::::!Y h7 :. 16)(,.45 Gk.</Ib ) s.-, :. o.zzs
    fB -=. (80 ~W>f{li:12.., $>8 = >7 =P ltl g :. L18.64 Stu-I\\'

    Ghtllft,. 'l<

    To .fiV\c1 .f1,t.e. ~'5 fLew rote "11+0 f~.e.+L"st ~(~S(9rJ M1 .> use..fk

    r.ef,,'g e.r~+i n5

    CPf~

    ~\~ ::. W\. ('h\ -~5 ')


    10-1\
    I(

    rS

    SolV\~1

    w. ~ ~

    G\~

    (50 -loons)

    (1tl,-IA S )

    '""'1 , OiY\~l'1'Zc. ~e

    To ~C2.t

    o=

    ~1

    ""'A

    rv"

    (1/\

    """"

    "',

    3-

    (102.'SO-21.(P(P)~

    l+oY\

    \10

    'V\I\ ,
    ::. 1'2. 3., \b I VV\i~ ..
    -A------------~

    U>v.\A~{.I"w V\~t e'i<:clAA~er

    ~tf) +- ~ ( "'"- !Ai )

    (hl.f- ~3 ihfp- h,

    ~s.c}s

    (1.l.(o(s, -

    3 s.CJS

    \L)

    (1'23.'..:z...

    l'\'\' ' '


    l~/M\'" 44---------

    - 10&,..,5

    = ') 5.073
    (hl The

    j2.0C e~JMM~

    f<9We( ~f eA.clA CO'M'P~"or is) rE'.tfE6hvel~


    W~l :: rVt l ( ~l.-~') ::: (l 23.,)(11,l{. 'l.,?> -102. So)

    '2."

    vJc.7. -=-

    =
    88 Btu lV\'\.l~ .6~----------"::":':
    M1(l-t9-~") ::'(2.S.013)(LL8.~~- LOo.'iS)
    =. 30S.~ 0'(v../M""4t
    ...-----------~

    Q+ <pe-r{.ofM",,\I\C.e.. is
    (?J &,.... . (so +om)
    \ ~c.\ t- Wc.'t. - (2C988 i- 305.Co) ~~"'-

    (c..) Tke we- l(.(-e",-t

    /200 Bk<{~
    1

    ~ 3. '3 44111S4S""------------------~

    10-42.

    PROBLE M 10.3 J
    j<IJOWN:

    Re..f.rlge~.,.,t 134~s ~ c.vOrk.lflAj fkUe.< ''''' o, vo.por- CD~v-essiot\.


    refri.sev-a.fu,&-\. ~sk.~ wLtk. -fwo eva-pC)~o Ih:~ ~~ k.tt.oW)'\.
    a.f-v~riDUeS (~eAf~ J tM1.t( -Iu. reft-'~~j~ C(.c.pltcj;1rj ef ~
    evapl9~ is '6f~ to i f;eJ. The ~~IeM ses Oh~ t:rIrt.CCJ'rVt(J re.ssor:
    0

    Fa Ni)

    DtA-et'M'Vle <a.) ii\Q. ~s .fu,w ~s tt.\V'o~'" eosu: evec.e0ro.tDr)


    (bJ -fktl. ~~~or fOtA!ev- \~~\.Ct, ~(C.) ~ kW hK.s1-er.frt,M

    00

    -tka. Y"Lrr"lgevu,k:t

    :5CliVi{lC-.

    "l

    \IS#..)

    Wit

    r{.t.SSll,\~ ~('o~1A ~ ~et":

    0.

    ,
    I

    oS

    AS~OMPTIONS ~ (t ) E:a.~ c.o~poo~ is .V\ce.l~u&


    tH. ~ cc\'}h-ol "V'Dlu..~e o.t s~~ s~{e. (2.) AlA
    0

    pro<.es-s~ s~ +{....~ "VOY'k.,,,~~ ~w.a ose. ilM-ei't\4~


    yevflJfsUole.. .ex c.ept for ~ ~PQ.M.S~~ -tkro\l~'"

    ea.cM. "Al\lQ..)

    T6: -I S -c
    ~t.

    w~i.ck t, e, ttv-oftllM~ p('oc.es~o

    (~J The. c.o~<es~oC" d~d. \1~t"es spe.Y'~1e t\tllA.~o.H c~t~.

    VA-pur

    Qin. J ~ 3 Ions

    (&.+l K.,\,\e.F\.C. ~~ fo\-ewhA,( e~er9Y effects ~re.


    V\~ \ \~ '\o>\e.
    A-NA4-\(S\S '. r\ ~~t ) t-l~ ea..c.lA. <af +tvt. fY'~C\fo-A f>~~.
    5\-Me- 3 f3 =(.0 'oalr , s~.li~u.i:Cll -=t> ~3 :.105. 2.'1 k"J"( ~

    '*

    2.'

    SWe Tkro\t\ \"';5 p.-oc.e.ss -=t> ""-"t:: ~~ :. J0 S. \c.~ I~


    Sffite.s -rhrott\ ,~~ f1'OGeS!. ::t> YlS -=- \.\'t -:::.. is. 2.-' k.~/~
    S+a,~e. (p

    S~Ol.te.1

    T,,:. - l t> Dc.

    sa.t v tlfOr"' ::t> ~ b ; 2.'3" .'5.3


    0

    "-;I"1\e.g

    P1-=-3.2.. be1' Js,,:~.\l4Jfor ~ h"l:2\{e.(oIo\c::I/~

    Sto.-te f> fut'ctt l\h~ p('oceCl;S -=> ~~ ='-"1 z..~8 .to" \c:rt ~
    To of \'( Sta{-es l CA.~ :L ("~ u.\r~s ~ MASoS .f.Lov.> rAtes -l't\roV1h 1k
    e\l'01'01'CAkoo. l\MA.s
    Go

    (o.~

    Q.\iAJ \ :''Mb(~''-~S)
    _
    -

    ('3 +ems)
    (Z'3~.S?>-lOS.2-~)"~

    121.\ \c."S/M\1I\, I
    \ tow\

    ~ 4.82. 3 \c.,3' M.\~ .....


    ~r------------

    10-43

    =
    S-\-Q-te. l

    .f-6r tke.
    stnCA.W\ \: 0:.
    Now

    h ~ -:=.

    k9

    (2.)(2.\\)

    - - - - - - : . 2.'N 3
    (1.'{e.lt~ -L05.1.Cf)

    ""'4_-----

    ~l.~Cll.lt>CAA-l.c: ~,~ \~~ .str.e.~"",S b QM.c.l ft -it> fo"rM.

    + ~ t!>"S - ( V\'\ Ceo ... ~!1 \ h, .


    ~ 10 ~(p 1" ~ee ""- :. LYt.13 1c..::r/~.9
    Y\'\c.. ~(,.

    w\"

    +- ~~
    ihe..~C:~H.c..e~ eo, \.s. ~~ \U.ll.ot3 tAoLd()l~ \~~
    i~ To.lok A -12.-k> b~; S." O.,\~q '3 k.:r/~.l<',.

    S~ 'Z. P'1. ':: \0 ~

    sz..'=s, -=t> hz. =Zel. 3

    k'I / ~

    (hI -rhe Co~Y"ec;.sor' fowe.r lS

    We.. ':.

    (~It + W\ '6)( \t,-lA,)

    =t:.7(P~
    :: 5. 3z..~

    Fa r

    -+"'-e

    )1'"0~\lI\S

    M\.""

    '('2.e7.~-

    'Z-'tL 13 ) \is""

    I" \

    k\\l

    1 \:::!!s'

    Ic.w ....- q t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    c.en!eV\.SQ.1

    Q,ou-t :: (~" +~ B) (

    :; ("1.1Ct")

    h"2.- ~"3 )

    tto I(;Z e~. '?> - to s. l.'l) ::. 22."l

    Jo-44

    k.W4E~t-------Q-.out

    '*

    pgQ13LEM I O.~2.

    A-V\ isl(l(X.( Y~er-e.urnpr~sSlO)\ re~rL~emt~ ~de. 'LS mo4..tfle~


    0.. c..eo.~rt\ow heat e}C~G(" ~1we.et.\. ~ ~~
    e"~+llA~ fu. C()1\~ser~ ev~(".
    A. __ OV\,I.~ \~ ~ ...... e,
    ~orlt.\,"'.9 ~lu.U(. Mo.. OJ'.r, k..nowV\ ~ \JltrLo~ \oCQ.tl.ow\s) ~

    I<NOWtJ:

    to \V\ctv.J.q,

    ~ ~Q.~S

    flow rGt~ ts .jtV~\A..


    FIND:
    'D..o\'erm\J,-\e..(p.) -\k Y'ef~~Q.V"~+'il\~ CA.f>",c\~.> (b) the. ce"'p~s~r
    powe.r ,'Vlptcl') (G) ~Q. c..oe-H-ic.ie.w\' e-t fq.r-fo~"ce.
    SC!:t6MM\.c.. i b',vSk) DATer ~
    (4oC4t2-

    S
    A$SUMPTLOA.]S ~

    SC1.n,e. t\.S ilo1 El(o.~l~ J ().f )


    Q.ssu.""'PrLO"6 1-4. A-lsoJ (A.S~ u..... e.. ')-1.~ heQ.t
    lo<;s.fn:>m t:. ne 0 U.t5 i ~ e uP 4;~e. h(.Co\.t
    e 'cl..w.lII.'J er.

    AtyAL'lS!S'. Flr~t.)

    folK

    eo..c~ of.

    tke.

    p~Lnc.~Q.1

    shtfes.

    r,,:. t.e ba,.r ) s~. '\TC&f0-r


    =t> h", = nCla.t{ l k.:I'~

    S+a.k "

    5+cMs- \ P,:.t.ob.V' )1";:

    SDC.

    Sai.Ild(>tTr

    ~h,: NaJ.l.S'k:rIa..., Js,=t..t(P7<D\c;~/~.K..

    :t> h 2. .... .lozs's'i

    1c.~/~

    stp.:\q.. 1.

    p-z, -=- 19 bM'

    Sf!.:k3

    p~~lg~ JT)=t<Oc. ~~.\i~tWt~ h3~hf(l.(OOC):31,.3$"1c~1~

    J <;2. -SI

    ~ Us \~~ G\~ ev\e~y b~lQ.lltc.42..

    0",

    ~ ~e.o.* Q.}CcMA.~.e,r CO'n+n:r(

    -M (~b - h L ) + ~ ( h~ - ~"t)
    (Jy\-\'( '= heo - h \ ~ ~ ~ -: ~.S". k:r-/lc:.~
    2tMe 5 ih('dtth~j pV't>c:ec;s ::b ~s ~~'t ::. 2~.sl \c.r/~
    "~e re~~\<jeV"~\-",~ <:.o.y~\.\y is
    .
    Q.. -::. w.. (~,,-hs\ :.(l~k.~ )( (~Cl~.I.(I- 2.8t.s) ~\
    1 i!m-,. I.:: CD~.4't tot\S ~_~\~
    LII\.
    ~\j,\
    1.0 Ic.:r ~L""
    ......
    t\TO\u.MJl..

    @.l

    a j",

    (~o b~

    (9:

    ro;/

    (p)

    The. c.o~~ssor fower

    'IS

    We.:' 'M( ~~-~,) =(l1..~~~) 1';;,0''; It "Z.O~S:5~

    (C) 1""-e c.ocftitiei.,dof

    -11{%).'l.S)

    ~ l~:.s% 1-::. (O%.S tcW-4

    r4.'fert~~e..t.';' ~ ~~b-~~)/(h1.-kl) =-2.5 ~

    We
    ~

    'DIscussion: ilt\e ~t<:d e)l.c,wC4V\qe.r CI) +CN\tls +0 iV\c'("ecue ~~ CfApC4c..~~ I ( , ) helps


    eVlSl.l('(. St.r\.\e.cd(l.~ v':f0'(' eV\.te.Yl~j tlt\e c..or\l\-r\"~~ol/o..'Ytd (3) iV\c~e.cc.ses ~e.

    0- \fe'~<t

    Speti'f,c voLvt~e i V\ ~e. co~rres~ or) ~ev-e\;J l'vtcrE!4SI'n~ ~Q. ~t)u)~(' (e~ l.llr"ul.
    10-45

    10.33

    PRO 1'3 LE 1"1

    A n \~eG(.l '(~-~~S5 iOlA he&d- &U.~ ~d..e. t.t"i>es. fefY"l~e~ 13'i e,


    fu WO('k.ll.-\~ ~\.UiA Cl-~ pro 'hcAe~ 0.. 1c-~ow'n e.\'\U9Cj <'u:tp\4 ff:>
    her.c.t ~ bc.Mtcl.llo.3' ])Ot.t'L ~~ "'MWY\ a* v"(.A,rL8lC.~ lo C~T~S.

    KNOWN:

    d>

    '*

    Dete.Y"~\'iAe. (a.j tke. c.o~ ~S$Or. rower; {b) & ~e."+\c.,~ of


    f~r.forrt\CA.V\Co. ) ~(C) t~ ~\MCA."" ~oreHc.tA.l CoeU-\.Gl~

    El~t>:

    fe.r.{oT~Ul..

    Ok

    5cl;Ai?t\MJ,C-

    :;)..0(.. ~

    "\V~N

    .(t,y- a. ~+ fU.~ GPQ.t'Y4+\~ ~ ~e\WeLl4... ~ewO\t$


    5 <Dc.

    DATt\;

    Tet ~l~3K/
    ~

    I'

    QOU!

    ~.l.~. ~--3

    15 kw

    ::.

    --~

    Condenser

    S bM

    l.':::

    2
    I

    ='.J

    r.::
    "
    L

    '"

    valve

    rr

    A5SlJMPTtoNS: See E)(4.~/, 10.1

    ANA,-YStS'.

    s~es.

    Sk<.te. ( Pc. '=2,1.( bM)


    ~~t4. 1. P'2.=8 baN'

    s~.

    J s~

    VOftrr"

    :s,

    ~OM

    11AM.s.,

    hi::'

    "''2.- "'~

    We.:' ~ (~~-~l \

    (j

    =t>

    Q~o.'t
    We-

    '::.

    \5

    k-----J

    r i~~2'&~
    io.T/~; S, ':: o.'l2.2.2. sat ~'ll:.

    ::l

    (2.6?6.'1"1-Q3.Lt2-) ~

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    'The \l\e + c, '--. ,,~-e ~ .e.,c. 4' ,.., j

    +e w-re.r'" ~r ~

    CD

    en - e.f~

    G{

    C4J ....

    ~ ~ c ~t"'" t.,

    A.

    S'\ .e S'

    + 1..""I1.S

    """. 5 '" 0

    ~.) - To( S, -h) -=- (I..,-~.) -To (,~ -,~ - t<fP'IP, )

    <h.l -

    =-

    :: (}IO.J.l,J - :;<1$.1)- ,,\,o( 1,"3V1f- I.Cl170.3)


    \k.a

    +""-&.

    .--t- c.t.o...-j~ . ......,;


    ~~ too

    he""t-

    ~ ~ V"j"J

    Ci.B,3

    ~~/~

    4ir fAn ~s +"'-cI.(.S ~ ~ ~ - '-k"""'P...,.a~ ....e

    00'.)

    eft-Q-f'f:

    lhl-~4 )-1O(SI-~4)-: (1.t'-"'4)-70(S~-~~-~~/P~)

    :: (Z70'" -Z-1'-.3)-1/0( t. ~~tf.~"

    W'lvet/~ ~

    - 1'1-107.1'1) :

    - 7-.":f2... t::. 4ft t:.:J

    ;~-

    (It\~-~t) - (~~-h'f)
    :: (3QS.J _ 210.") - ("110.l.-+ -

    "Z.:~G,.?)

    -:. 5/,0.6

    Ic'(J/r:'(

    ~(t ~"'\"3 "a """flAk h1


    w UY'"\'-

    "Dl ston '''''' IIY\

    1 tt--

    Jb1.-r~ ~ rt ~

    e~~('10 ~I\sfe~ 0uA., ~,l.t-~,,",? 1t)C


    r/ Aw- +(0....,.,. Ii)(

    ',G3 ~"J/~,

    ( /1.2> off)~

    7.lL ~J/~j

    (t 5.1 1~)

    ),0.21 ~:J/tj

    (3GJ.7 -'0)

    13,'2. ~ ~'JI t:.5

    (;ts.'l

    - E.".A'f'a "\ cl.~ ttvc..h'lI'o'\


    1/ t.0-r"us~

    ~ ... bl'k~

    51.05

    "

    70)

    t:\1' c:~

    F;rr \- \....ll.. ~,.j- 't..AL C ~~ ~ ....&...L.....t...; "'-0 l.u or I::"- (~eon ~ -f-,,- f-t..- e.u 0 r: Ie:), 1\-110)
    .y~ ......... "'-0 ...... ~I"~ i\'"t"ev4.-s1l.,./,tte!. (i"'UJIl.I.te l.4 Cl'ls-Hud). T~ I (1.1>\ ~er'::J
    fa1-~ ~",,\"'y\(~
    f~ +-~ o..lr s ..d~
    .e..&.c.L-.. ~ ~ c~ f-o...~e4 +~ Fe ..",.....

    1>

    IO~

    SCf

    pfl.o!3l.,elA 10.44
    I~Q daA-~.for ~e r~(,\,i"(eJ plak 4t' Ob~I/..te..J lJ~llAg lTJ a.~ .follows:
    IT Code

    T1 270
    p1 = 100
    rp = 3
    T3 = 310
    eta_t 1
    eta_c = 1
    mdot = 1
    II

    Wdotcycle I mdot = Wdotc I mdot - Wdott I mdot


    Wdott I mdot = (h3 - h4)
    Wdotc I mdot = (h2 - h1)
    Qdotin I mdot = (h1 - M)
    beta = (h1 - h4) I h2 - h1) - (h3 - M

    II K
    /I kPa

    /I K
    II Assume a unit mass
    flow rate of 1 kg/s.

    IT Results for D2m1 = 3 and


    119 = TIt = 100%

    h1 = h_T(lAir", T1)
    s1 = s_hP(lAir",h1,p1)
    s2s = s1
    p2 = rp * p1
    s2s = s_hP(lAir", h2s, p2)
    h2 h1 + (h2s - h1) I eta_c
    h3 h_T(lAir", T3)
    p3 p2
    s3 s_hP(lAir",h3,p3)
    s4s = s3
    p4 = p1
    s4s = s_hP(lAir",h4s,p4)
    h4 h3 - (h3 - Ms) * eta_t

    =
    =
    =
    =

    h1
    h2
    h3
    h4

    269.9
    369.9
    310.1
    226.2

    /rn = 100 kJ/kg

    kJ/kg
    kJ/kg
    kJ/kg
    kJ/kg

    W /m = 83.88
    t

    cycle

    Q.
    In

    1m

    kJ/kg

    1m = 16.13

    kJ/kg

    = 43.73 kJ/kg

    =2.711

    PI.OTS :

    ?2
    ......
    ~

    130 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    120
    TIc TIt 80% ,
    110
    TIc TIt 90% ""100
    TIc = TIt = 95% ""-' "
    TIc TIt 100%
    90

    = =
    = =
    = =

    70

    -"'(1)

    60

    80

    Ci
    ..I<:

    70

    ..I<:

    60

    50

    E
    <,

    ~ 50

    so

    90

    ......
    """)

    80

    100

    40
    30
    20
    10
    O-t--.,------,---,---,.---...,---.,------..,-----l
    2

    2.5

    3.5

    4.5

    5.5

    40
    30
    20
    10
    0

    2.5

    3.5

    4.5

    5.5

    P2 I P1

    P2 I P1

    =TIt =100%
    d",~",~95%
    TIc =TIt =90%
    TIc =TIt =80%

    TIc

    3
    cD..

    O-l--.,....-------,r-----,-----,--....,........-.,....-------,-----f

    2.5

    3.5

    4.5

    5.5

    P2 I P1

    IO-bo
    f

    IO.4~

    PJa>BLE"H

    A-i ...

    /'.NOwfIJ:

    It,

    Op.erofi~j dA.+~
    FllvT,):
    (C)

    t&...a. ~ool"lC.'n~
    o.~ci ~

    1)e.,.,.""""...e (Go)

    +"'"

    t.oaff.c..a~

    SC\,(-SJ..\ATl.c..

    t-

    ...'" .,

    .(./v ..d

    r fv-i,~r~n"'1

    lde....c 2r"yto.... r~f..-11~(" .. +t~ Ctcle.

    o'r~cd,

    J1o\Arr ft 0

    Iov a.."!'"'

    Q.t'\

    VJ

    ,..""

    Ar~ rl'~CA"fted.

    +cJ (b) t'-

    H.t.

    +-

    fO

    l.N

    e r: .11"

    r "'"*.J

    p"r"fo~"""'A.H.(e.

    CT\VE:I-J pA--TA:

    rr-------j1
    I 'Z.O \\I~/I~ I
    Heat exchanger H--f---I

    l!:

    IJ

    ASSlJMPTLQ tJ: S ee E.X(l.~ple. to.lf.


    I\tV!rL'lSl$. F lrSf" ~ ~i ~ e~c'" &~

    fr"L: f r ,

    PLI P,) :.

    Prtt ~fr) (P4!P})

    Sto.+e.lf
    ike.

    How rat~ &+ Cllr'"


    ~ _ Q.,'", ~ tons
    MG\.SS

    1S'toY\.s

    'i, 11.{ 1~ -=t> h 2. ~ I ~'3.(P t 6~' lb


    T 3 -::: 100 oR. :::) ~"l:' tcp l,5(p \Hv.. {lb I t'"~ ':. 3.44. ~

    sta.!e. 1SWe. 3
    (0-)

    :0

    ,",-e.. fri",c;~()..l 6~-fes (r~(e. A- 'Z.'tG)


    lO'{,qO fOkl/\b I p..., :. O.lql'~

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    SW~ I

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    fL.>0 6\.u1~""1_ ~lO 2: ...!k


    l

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    ~ \'h\""

    W\

    ..

    (b)rNAS , +U W\Q fowe.r- ihput is

    W~cA~

    =.

    l C'-'i:'"

    l ) -

    (~3-h't ) ]

    ~ ("1tO.'lI.()[( l~).l;L.-loq.qO) -((l.91,~'l-lOO,1..",]

    -=

    VN:l.l

    B\UI ",-\lA 0 I I i I 1 I l f f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . a . . . . ;

    LC) ""'"e.co~H_k\euk at- f(l.r~1"tv\tAM.cQ.. is

    e,\ -

    Q'\.\.

    \ill ~::.

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    l,ql{'Z..\

    6.J.u."":k /lOO&\Uhw",t
    \ \0\1\ :. I.SI.(

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    "*

    'PRo6LE M 10. 4-(P

    ""Now N: T~ ~ r ..y To", r~~l', ~ r"'Af,'t1V1 c:y c Ie of Prtlb1e".". I O. 4-~- is l't1otJ.,ft".d


    -to i"" e l l.ec("C ; ~ T ~ Co """1"""-' SOt or- a.t'\ cl. -/1..4,. b,.,., e
    "c.A (J-(. " S-f",.,
    "c.
    qfhCA.~"CA.#t of "~OIDAr\.d q:2., 0/0 11I..A.O,,~e#ive(q.
    F/~'f): o.+-o~~",~ (a.)
    a tr """AU r(OVJrA.te~ U~) +"'e. 1"I~I-r-w."""""reA.:J.I
    (c) ott.... e..e".r~c.A t ""* ~ p#r fU~~"t'\te"

    trrr

    "'k.A

    Pz.{f) ~ b
    ~c.~

    ,g%

    AS~UMPno~s: ~ee E1{d.~le lo.5.


    ftNM-,/SlS '. F\~T I fi)(;, e~clA. (9~ t\,\.ct pn~ c..\f"\ ~~s CTa.lole A - ~J.e.)" S
    FroM. ~Q. '&o\.u.t~ 9~ Pro~\~ \0. 45""

    h l ,:: I oq.~O C3~'llo


    h~s ': (g3.~:t B~llb
    h'} -:. (Col, 5<0 ~\ullb
    ~"t ') ':: 100,'2.3 tbkA/ \ ~
    '5tAA..(. 'Z.. US\~ ~ (.()~~s ..or e~\.c.\4W\.CAj ,

    h"Z.~-~,

    \'\ -=-

    l-l~-~,

    c.

    '5+0.t~ if

    :> h -:. ~

    (~) Us \"'j

    "'-c.

    '::0

    ~3-~j ~ h'i ': k~- "'--t:Ll.-l'3-k"ts\ = 1OS:(P2.f>~llb


    ~-

    'is

    ~e. V'e.tt"\:~ er~+\~.9 co..pCA.c.~\-~

    ~ _

    Q\",

    - h,-Yl'i -

    (\S toW\.S

    (oc(.CtO-lOS.(,t) ~

    ~ 117.1
    T~

    h~5 - hi) - 201 'ill ~~/lb

    U.s l~9 .fkct hM-~'Ii\e. e~I.c..le~Gc1 J

    vt-\;

    (\a)

    +(

    ~'\

    ~'"

    \2.(90 ~/f\4\~

    \ ~

    V\'\

    ~ r--'" ili'o(\J ~

    W~e-t ~

    ....

    (hl.-L,,)-(

    \11-1.,4\-)] ~ ("1f1.1)[('~0'{.l{l{-lO<:t~O)-(t(P7.s~-(oS.~1.n

    (t S"''l. ~()o) B """'~'"


    (1..".>,4 tiD 13-tv-./ ~'k

    10

    -=

    -,,2..

    o. 12..Q-

    10.41

    f'gOgLE1V\

    ~NCc.uN: op....Q+i""~ <tA+' At':" p"olll'd~c:l fov- ~ Br6yfv.... refy,',--rA-f1'Q\A",


    c'1c1e U.S'I~j ct,'r .:J,.() +~ c.oo",'c..'''''j fLvld.
    FIND: 1)c+-r-.."'~ (Il) ;--c..... C4,'r Vl-tAfrf<oe..v rA.~1 (") +~ ~i- p0(.Uet" ""'I'~
    CC) f-Iv ~ . .
    ft'""" C'l'ACA'~J D-'O Cd) #--e C-o.fi.ff1Cc-eJ ~ per~ . . tl\A.AVI ce ,

    1'. t'A

    $q-$MAnC ~ (PI.VEtV bA-TA ~

    CA"'l"'O.~v/
    T3 -:: 3 10 K
    3

    2.101<

    AS~UMPnQNS ~

    EX~'e.

    See

    'It ::.210 \(

    ,o.'1'

    ANAP:{5\S '. f\'rs+ J ~,')( e~clA of +ke. rr\~c\ped SM-tt.s CTC\.ble A - za).

    h\:::.210,U k-:r/"~J Pr,:::.D.1SI:!O

    SWe. \

    T,=t10,,"

    ~1"~te. 'Z.

    fY''Z.:: PY'\ (P~/Pl ) :. '1..81 1 ~ ~'2.:' 310.10 lCJ /l<.~


    T 3 '::. ~ 2. V ~ =t>"os:: '31.0. t.ct k.r/ \c.3 J ~3:' \.' ~15
    PY"'\ :: r"$ <. f-+ Iv..) = O.5i4:l'l..
    2.3'3.e.. \ \c.:r/~~

    '5 Wee 3

    ShMe. 4

    Ca.) .,.It\Q.

    V\'\AJSS ~w V'~e los

    'M :.. C.A;~2j -::. (AV-~ fi ~ (0.4 M ')1 s ) ( 4zo "Pa...)


    3

    .k.T

    ~1t\1 Ic~'"

    is

    k.P~

    8 ~
    lo'N.",,:::' /. Z

    II cYNIM?.l1 \ k.'J'"

    )(3201()

    WG~('\~:' >M l(~'Z. - \\,) - (~'3 -~'i,]


    ;: (V~'2..q

    (,) The.

    )L('~10.1 -

    ~e\-v~e.~(Jw+\"'d

    ThQ.

    c..,e':'f~c.\e\\.t

    R:> ':.

    a.\

    14

    w~t.le.

    2."to.[\) -(31.0.Leta-2.3'3.t,I)]

    CG\fCA.('\.'t1 is

    ~\-", -:.. M (h\-~'{'


    (d)

    (8'~'tf

    ft T3

    Tk.u.s) t'-'t. n.t.t paww


    (b)

    ' ' -It :

    :.

    blD'T~

    {,l#l" "W.
    :Z'l.3'1",W

    -:.

    w(,~c.l~

    Is

    2 ., 'f 3

    .....
    ~\"

    k..w .......r --

    s~()'!.fforM(U\~
    :.

    ~ 'll ~7$ J:..t<t .'3C? ~W

    ""4~-------------~

    10- "3

    ,..

    ~=30o~

    . So ~ t\ c. ~ /004

    Heal exchanger

    I ~OO
    l':

    kPc..

    I
    !.J
    ~-

    ---I .

    IWcyele

    t i - - - - - - + l Compressor I We

    ~_

    - WI

    .s
    A$SUMPTLON': For fo..r1-(",) ,See. E.xa.~pl~
    'P().rf{fe,) J See ~tAlMfle. /0,5.

    to.4. For

    A'NM..ysIS: S~~pl.e. c.~.JCM.lJ~s U51}....g ~cdz:t.froth Table. 4-22.:


    ~ : "T, ::2.6ol~ -==> h,::.2.(gO.D't k'J"/lc-j) Pr,:o,810S

    5..We

    Pr2. S

    2:

    ~\l'\j

    :: 1'(\ (

    f"&ol,. ) :::. Z' 52.1 S ~ ~c. S

    -::: 3 SG:>.

    3 ( ~~ llC4j

    L-seM.1Y~LC. (.6"MpfeSS Dr e~Ic.~eM'j


    h'2.~ ~\ + (n2.S h\)/~, ; "',-~ louo/o => ~2:'3~".31 k-Jll'j

    *1Ae..

    1I\c. :. 6010
    S:ka-e.3~ 7 3:3 0

    /< ~

    "'3= 300."

    kJ"/~

    h4

    ::

    (0.\

    38D. s 1 /GJ"/I~ Cb)

    PrJ=-/.3Sr.O

    S-kde. 4: Pr45 ::. Pr3( P4!P3) ::.. 0, ~b 2. ~ h4li s:. :2/8. 't 7 k.J l~
    t.(SI~j tke 16~+r-D~lC. +tu-~ij,'\e. e{+;CleMCj
    h4 ::. h3 - ( h 3- ~s) '11::) lilt: lOO -(0 ~ ~ :::. 218 ,'t7 lc..J"l~ (tA)
    ~:: ao/., ~ "'~::'~35.;21 k:J"ll'j [b)
    IO{),("~

    The. V\et

    Wc.~c.~e
    M

    LS

    W.e.
    -~
    ~ (~ 1.,
    -~,) - (\\'3 _h4)
    M
    VV\
    'Y\c.'::. ~ :. \ 00/0 =t> w~!vV. :. l 5
    :.

    V\c.::'

    \1Jc:: &0%

    "* Wer l M

    =- 65.3 k~ll~

    "'ow J ~Q... cotlt+\<..\ev.:\- e~ ~eK~('MO.M.C.e.

    e =\

    k.~ ll~ ~

    = ~h,-h~)
    V\J+('M 'N~/M

    '\..s

    ~'II"w..

    V\.c;.~ V\t ':. lOOblo ~ 9 =~"4 .~-----------:-Cy;.t.)


    Y1~

    -: ~:

    80 %

    =t>

    ~ ~ 0,45

    {o-lP4

    PRo~L~ (0,48
    (h)

    (Ctrvrt'&..)

    711e ~a.,+~ ~ -/1A.e ('e1ulreJ flofs

    etY"e

    Ohf-r,..li.-tuJ U.SI~j iT; c..s;+-Ollow~ :

    h4 = h3 - (h3 - h4s) * (eta_t 1100)

    IT Code

    T1 = 260 II K
    p1 = 100 II kPa
    p2 = 300 II kPa
    T3 = 300 /I K
    p3 p2
    p4 = p1
    eta_c = 80 II %
    eta_t = eta_c
    mdot = 1 II Assume a unit mass
    II
    flow rate of 1 kg/s.

    Wdot_c I mdot = (h2 - h1)


    Wdot_t I mdot = (h3 - h4)
    Wdotcycle I mdot = WdoCc I rndot - WdoCt I mdot
    beta = (h1 - h4) I (Wdotcycle I mdot)

    IT Results for TIc = TIt = 80%

    h1 = h_T("Air", T1)
    s1 s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    s2s s_hP("Air", h2s, p2)
    s2s = s1
    h2 h1 + (h2s - h1) I (eta_c 1100)
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    s3 s_TP("Air", T3, p3)
    s4s = s_hP("Air", h4s, p4)
    s4s = s3

    =
    =
    =
    =

    h1 = 259.9 kJ/kg
    h2 = 380.3 kJ/kg
    h2s = 356.2 kJ/kg
    h3 300 kJ/kg
    h4 235.1 kJ/kg
    h4s = 218.9 kJ/kg
    W /m = 120.4 kJ/kg

    =
    =

    W zm = 64.94
    t

    cycle

    kJ/kg

    1m = 55.45 kJ/kg

    = 0.4471

    60 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    3~---------------,

    50
    2

    --

    30
    <ll

    ti' 20

    'S
    10
    O-l-,.......,..-r-,.........,..---,-.,.......,...-,--.,.......,...-,--.,.......,...--,-.,.......,...--,-.,-

    85

    80

    95

    90

    100

    11c = 111 (%)

    'DlsUl~H~ ~

    A-s ~e iseAl\h-o~ ic
    V\et \.VOr~ \~ rlAX

    coV'\'\p'feSSD\

    O-+-,............-,--,............-,--,............-,--r-r--r--r-r--,--,....,...-,--.,-

    80

    85

    90

    95

    100

    11c = 11t (%)

    ~ .,..\.(/("bl~e. e.f+icieMc.ies o.ec~a..se.)

    &

    'to ~ ~ cle, \V\ CI("~(A..g es .


    ~ ~l~e. e~lCleMCj 4e..cr.ecues) pOl"""" 4 oY\ ~ (;(C('OY\Af~~'~j
    r-s clto.~{,~\M Y!'C'l/es .yo ~~ n~M )~er.e.~ ~ec.\'"eo.sl-~ ~e.Co..p~Cl~.

    --r'ke. cl.ecr.e.a..~~

    \V\c.'tp~cd'j c.cv..p\i& UJI~~e. \V\crec.(e lk \,\e+ t,uork.)

    t'.esv-.lt \\1\ ~ clro..~~-k(.. d..t-otr (\1\ C?e.#;ci~ e-f pQ.r~('VY\.CUAcQ..


    ,
    co VY\ro..-ra-J. +t> ~ lc{e~ ~e ( csw.-m,pl.C. c.eV"\fre~Stc)')A ~ e.~raM'lcM~

    to - flS

    kNQWtJ: The \<'AetA.\ ~r~i1!m- Ye~ls(,r{A,tLOV\ ~~le. Df frob\c.m 10.4-2. is ~c1L1 i~J

    to lll\c.lu..cle.

    o, r~(lV\er",tW~ \\~

    elCcJ...AWj-er,

    1)e+e.f"~'~C2. (tt) ~e. lowest let\l..f'.er~e.J ,~j fu. Y\et wcn-k. ,~()~
    ye,v".u-Wk 'M..~~s st o..\"- flew lee) tf.d ~f:~~e.rn.h~9 ~(Ac'd~j)rer
    LU\l t- MoltS!> ef o.."r ~lev.> ) (tAj ttvL c.o~f{.\c.,~ et- fe. rlorV't\Q.1A ee ,

    FlNt)',

    SCH-6f:.:\MlC

    ~\"'~ DM-A:
    '2..

    VI -:. l~O ,,"PC\.

    1,:::.210 K.
    rij-----=---.
    4

    ,--I

    II

    .s

    See EX(l,.~\4l. \O~4,


    Mso) f\\e.-e is we h~ ~ster .n,,1V\
    AsSUMPTIONS',

    ~ lI\~ elCcM.Q.~er

    k> \k

    !--.--Turbine

    ~~Ws5,

    F\rst l ~lX e.o-dA. C!)~ ~e. Qlr\~c'fc.J &1A.-Jes. (Talo\~ A-l'2.) , 'FroM ~
    10 Prob~ 1t>.4-2.1 h, -::. 2.,O,ll kTI ~) h'l.-::. a10.IO k'J' (~ ~

    ANAt.'iS1S:
    soLu.+~

    nq.-: . 3\0, 2..'t

    \<T I~,

    StA-te.. ~ \~ '::, 2.80 Ie. =9- ~~ '= 280.13


    St9,k 4

    -;>m.w.. 10

    \c.::rl ~

    +(

    W~le ::. (h1.- ~\) -\h ~ -h"t)

    (C)

    ~e re-h'~et{A.h'lA~Ulf(A.C.~-\-y b~rY\es

    (do)

    ~ =\

    1,06S,\

    = ~b-h't ~

    ?\,,,/.m

    w~{-M

    35.1Cc

    '&.!) T~-:'20~.3k
    ~
    't~_-r.__,,"il\

    htA,- h~) ~ hb ::. :z. ~o ~~/~

    (b)

    a.;

    p,,) -::.

    Pr'i -::. Pt'~(P'f/p~) :'O."!lfol.ct1 ~ ~'t::''l.Ol\.2.'f


    FoY'" t\..e. '-'U\.t e')<.cM.Q.vYjll.t'"

    o =. (n let - h\)
    ..

    ~ .\

    =. 2.

    'k.:S'/~

    (Q,)

    \c.'J""/~-:t

    -:. I.tt 8 't 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I j ; " . . .

    IO-b~

    Rec.oy\'s~tJ.e.r +\\Q. G\1c,\e. e'- frobleM IO.Li'f CMMl "V\c~t\A*.4Wz


    ce~<essoY- ~ -hMloi"'-e ~"Q. ~f.f\..de"c.\es 0-4- 85 cw.e( 8so/0 )
    ("-SPLc..+\."Q.~ .

    k::.NOWty',

    A-nswe,r +leo S~Me


    5C~T\.C.. i Gz\ v'6N ])~ ..
    fiND'.

    ~u.es+t:oll.S iU ~ PrOb~ \,0. "let.

    A-s-sv MPn.O~ s ~ see E2CA.~ \.e10,5. M,S.O J -I'ke-rec..s ~ heA.T

    ,--=-'ts~

    ~S~\ fte,m fu ~

    _
    s

    ex~er +0 \t.s $UKr~'~'


    ANAL.'1Sl$: F\rst,.ct',c e.l'A.CV\ ~f ~e ~T"\~C.lpG.( s-kA.ies (T",lD\~AttA.e SoLu.,~ to prob \eV\,\ 1.0. 'i~
    h\~1.,o.lI "'SI~
    hz.~ ':. -a,O. \0 \c;rl\c.~

    ~ll.': ~\.o"2.'" \c:.;rl~

    hl'= "2.80.13 "~/"-9


    h 'tS 201.(.1. 't \c:.J"'1 ~
    h\a
    2.'"10 ",:r/k,

    S+a..Je. 1.. ~S\."""'~ ~ ~res.sor- e.Htc. \e\I\CA.j ,


    "":. \\7.5- h ,
    k'].,= \t\,T (\11e'r k , ) '::. 391.1
    \-\1..- ""-\

    5We. Lf

    (As \~ ~ ~

    "+ . .

    +u..-o,," e,

    h 3 - ~j

    ~ ~~ V\'("

    ~c.

    lc.J'(~

    e -lc,\'eM.~

    ~ he, '::. ~ 3 - ~t 0'1)- 'vJ CfS) = 1...l3.'35


    00

    (b)

    Z2.). FYoM

    Ii!:-.l Ik9

    T"t .... ~13.'i K ..


    4---~

    w~ -:.(h-:e\.t, ) - ("3- h j ) : 5~. ~ \ kJf(..A

    r::J4l

    (c)
    Col.}

    9-j'
    e,-=
    '\

    ': .

    ~ b -l-t 't -= 2.~.' 5 k.:rI~

    2.~.1D5 '::. 052tf

    50. e I

    ;.:.;",l M
    < . l I " 4 . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Q
    (3

    ...lIIlilr-------------------~

    1)is WH(~<n1 ~ &5t'\ft,pcvY"tL-1j +kese. . . eSM~ W(~ tkcse of Probl~ l0.49) we See
    -/1Ae fevt().. .QJt25 QsSocc'cc1-e4 (,vifk i'r'YVI~'~11 h1-i~ i", ~ ~~~~cr~
    fr,vrblC,e = ;V\creA-fe& TI\.t,V\) t~c.rea.r~ hef- VJ c1 rk.. ) cl.ecrru>.seid, COfo.Cc..ry)~
    J.cre~<4{ CO#ic.t'~t
    ~er+o-rMJU.e .

    '*-

    PRDe<..e,t1 10. S {

    il-le.J~

    -+Ol"

    .kJr

    S cw.-rl~
    IT Code

    ~ Y'~~~ rlofs (J,J{~ olo~tM.dt.e.tl~

    c o.lc.lAA~s .)

    p1 = 100 II kPa
    T1 270 /I K
    Ta=310 11K
    rp 3
    rp = p21 p1
    p3 = p2
    T3 = 280 11K
    p4 = p1
    eta_c =.8
    eta_t = eta_c
    mdot = 1 II Assume a unit mass flow rate.

    =
    =

    Wdotcycle I mdot = (h2 - h1) - (h3 - M)


    Qdotin I mdot = hb - h4
    beta = Qdotin I Wdotcycle

    IT Results for D2ah = 3


    and TIS! = TIl = 100%
    h 1 = 269.9 kJ/kg
    h2 = 369.9 kJ/kg
    h2s = 369.9 kJ/kg
    h3 = 280 kJ/kg
    h4 = 204.2 kJ/kg
    h4s = 204.2 kJ/kg
    ha= 310.1 kJ/kg
    hb = 239.8 kJ/kg
    T 4= 204.5 K
    /m= 24.25 kJ/kg
    W

    h1 = h_T("Air", T1)
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    s2s = s_hP("Air", h2s, p2)
    s2s = s1
    h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1) I eta_c
    ha = h_T("Air", Ta)
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3, p3)
    s4s = s_hP("Air", Ms, p4)
    s4s = s3
    h4 = h3 - (h3 - Ms) * eta_t
    T4 = T_h("Air", M)
    0= (hb - h1) + (ha - h3)

    cycle

    Q.
    In

    /m= 35.6 kJ/kg

    P= 1.468

    PLOTS~

    220
    210
    200

    Q'

    "

    160

    TIc =TIt =100%


    TIc =TIt =95%
    TIc =TIt =90%
    TIc =TIt =80%

    140
    0;
    ~
    ......
    -,
    ~

    E
    ......

    190

    I-

    120
    100
    80

    cD

    u>. 60

    180

    'Su

    170

    TIc =TIt =100%


    c =TIt =95%
    TIc =TIt =90%
    c =TIt =80%

    40
    20

    160

    0
    3

    3.5

    4.5

    5.5

    6.5

    P2/ P1

    80

    3.5

    4.5

    P2 / P1

    1.5

    70
    0;
    ......
    -,

    5.5

    60

    6
    I

    6.5

    TIc =TIt =100%

    ",=",=95%

    TIc =TIt =90%


    TIc =TIt =80%

    50

    E
    ......
    .!:
    0

    CQ..

    40
    30

    0.5

    20
    10
    0

    0
    3

    3.5

    4.5

    5.5

    6.5

    P2 / P1

    3.5

    4.5

    5
    P2/ P1

    10-08

    5.5

    6.5

    Pfo6c.,.EM

    10.

    KNOWN:

    SC~

    S '2-

    It\r is ~ work.IV\~ ~hM.el \Ii' ().. ~rO-Cdtem ("Q.f-r~ero.t,,,,~ ~de


    wi~ ~ Y"U\-eN\e.r'<.twe. \tleA.t elC dA.~1A9 es-, J)o..t~ ~re kt1.0Wt\ AA
    V~r(,.eu.s l'iJcQ.tt'oY\s o.'V\C{ +t.te. I"-eCt"lCi e r~h(>", cQ..~o-td."( \ ~ q \.v~~
    De.\--t.r""""",,-t. (o...)~"'-e volv..lN\,e':\.. rvc: ~ low rct.tc.. o.t +-~e..
    -h\rbl"",e l"'-\<'-\-( a.......d.Cb) {~t.. c.Oe.~c..\C.l~",,*-O~ ~er-~r-""",o..O"\.c.e..

    e MA-T\C.

    (OWEt-J

    I>A=TA:
    ~

    T, '" qSOt<.

    1', =. l$ 1l*/t'147:

    .s

    Turbine

    See Exa.~IC2. lD.Lt . Al~C ~eYe. cs ~o ~~ inw.s ~e.(" ~


    ~.e. h(l.C'A.'\- t"clI\o..~e-r ic H.s SlM""rOu.~l~

    ,tSSUMPDONS"

    ANA-L,/S\S" FiV'"St,.f.i)(.e~c\A o~ ~e. fy\",(.~po.l5~s(r4ble.A-2ze).

    sicde I T," 4~O OR. =t> k, ': (l4 e<Dq e4ullb) p~, ~ O.cH~2..
    Sto..~e. L.
    StoAe. o.~
    5\-a.-\g..:3
    sto..~<2. :\
    $ta!e. b

    pr-z. ~ Pr\ (f~/p,),:, 2,.C(4.,<i


    h~ '= t~L'\O ~/1.b
    T~ -::.$1(0 DR
    h~~ 11.'1.0<0 6"'u/lb
    T;!. '=C{~O o~ :t> h~ -:: (Ll.{.<o'\ 6kl/\b) r '3 ':. DeC{ l~l.

    PY't '= Pr 3 l.p., IPs) ~ ().~l(l.(~


    k't -::. ~S"l... 6\-w'lb
    For~~ \teA.t e)C~e.f")
    0-: (h b- h, ) -t( ~~- ~'!I) ~ hI:> -:: lOO.1 '2..~/ lk

    (tA.) \IJ,~"""'4.,!\V~

    ~ _ Gi.",

    re.t.r\C\t ~\-\.~ c.Cl..po.c..\~'(I

    -(~\t-"~)

    -:.

    ( (415 +0",' )

    ltoo.~... -91..'i't.')6\ov.(lb

    +"'c. 0.\ r

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    11.O~ ~'N.(""",,,,
    l ~o",

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    Q.~ ~c. volv._.. ~ri.t. Clo",", ro-k-t.. ~+~ ... c.~-t r ~~~or \ ...\.le..~ \~
    nT
    (~11 u)'& ((~\o(~) ~\\)~( 6 \0,., I~
    ('I,)

    (Av) ~

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    'P,

    , -::.

    .,

    _\",

    (1..0)

    U:cii (\t~1l

    l\).t.li",~

    (b) The c.oeffl(,i~""t af- pQ,rforrY)aM.c.e is

    ( h b - \-h.)
    _
    ~ ~ lh'L- "',) -( h 3-"'Q) -

    "{.OJ '"

    (~

    I'N

    l"~.go

    ~l.""t.l -~ll

    I o-,,~

    I"'' "

    ':.l9~.!:!.

    1 Wl,l""

    (AV)

    PR06l.EIvi 10.S3-4(

    ~NOWN ~ Rec.on.stc{~r ~e. c~cl~ 0,," Probk.M


    El...,t>~

    iu.rb,,~e..

    'D. 52.) b\Nt lY\c:1w:(e. C.O~t'~~

    eff{ue.II\c.Ces of ~g ,g/o ~ iV\ +\vL U\.(1.~si~.


    At\swe-r t\.\e. $().W\(L \u.eGtio'1\S a.c \\'\ 1'i'Ob\e,M I~. 52-

    o..w:l

    SCHeMATIc. ~\VEN t>A-1'A ..

    'L

    ""

    ~S.

    ,'

    .",'

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    v.,0"\

    3
    A~SVMPnQNS " S.ee E~""f\e.
    \0,5. A-l$oJ tkeN. Los no ~~

    ~ster- b.e1w~ ~ ~u.t

    e~~u-~ iIt.s SUN'


    S
    ANAlH~l$" l=\rst I fl~ ~et -\W. fY"l.~Clpo.A sto..ws(Talo\e,4- Z2E). ~ ~
    Sol\AA-~ +0 Prob\e\M. to. S 2k,~ Ifl.{,~~ ~~/lb
    ~)= ll4,CDq ~W./lb
    hl.~:' tS"LqO t>\-u.1l1o
    \1'tS -:: ~. S"t. 6l-u./~1o
    h (1. ~ (1..'l.O~ 6\1.l/l~
    "'b :=. lOO,~ "2. f>\V. Hb

    SW'!.

    '2..

    u,'!> L"'!; ~e. c.o~i"eSSOr e*l.("eVl~


    "-'-':. ~h.cs.- h, =t>~"L': h\ + ( h1.S~ ~,)
    "~-h,

    sto---te'

    ~~

    =.

    (S~.ql ~\u./~b

    Us ,,~~ ~e.. -\uK\o,,~e. e.H~de,VlCt1

    'vlt- ': ",-"'-...

    "'~-\'\'tS

    ~ h4

    ":..

    h3-'\'\t(~~-h~s) :: gc:{/10 ~w./lb

    (~ W\~ """"'t.~\""'" re~r~t,r~~\.o", ~~t""'t I ~'- Q.~r _o.~~ ~l~ r~ t~


    '_ Q,"\
    _ (l~~-~)
    Q C( l~.
    W\ - (~ __ """) - (lOO,\"L- ~ .C\0)tsk.(lb
    l ,,"0"\
    - 2
    1. -'''\

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    o....d.~t.vol""_.."' ..\t..e.lO\N~+t.. Q.."- -\.-\...& C.O""Wlo.~re'sor \_(~(.. t~


    ~ (lS"(~
    A ) _ ~ {tT, _ ('l.il~C\)_\",
    u:cn \~l~"
    hb.~ (II
    \ ,~O ) oR. I ~
    :.2Sc;,\ ~)
    --::- - - (
    l\
    ("\.o) \~'" ( ,~"'ll("l ,,,,
    ~,~

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    (b)

    ' \p

    (\\b-h't)

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    ~ - ("'~-\"h) - C\1~-~'t) =

    IVote~

    ~ L....~.- t:A"I.-&.. f1,.e c.oeUic.ieMt- Q~ rer+Of~lACe


    IS
    \E>WeA('". ~'u". \\1\ Probl~M to. $2. ~<l. -k> l rV"ev~i loll it les iv. ~ U)wrfe-,~O('
    ~ tcr\o \~e. .

    +h.e

    C-(ow ~e.. (S

    (.{'~,L.~-:L<{.1'\) =O,S'tlc~

    10 -70

    PROBLEM 10,54
    \9-JOWN:

    Air- \~ e~o.ctetL from e, m",-~ .i~f C,~\",~ io'r C,J.Vb\"" coo\'W\.~,


    ~.e. ~i.y- ~tA..?~e& ~"'1\;,. ~ heevt e}<. cMQ.~e-f'" ~ ~'o\"'e.
    t>efore 'b~\V\j clls(,~a.r~eet
    ~ ~lol.~,

    ,,,,,,+0

    rlNt> "

    "De-+e,rM \~e (~.l +W2.. t>ower ck.veto pJUJ. ~ ~ fu.ybi~e ~


    (b) ~ hetA:t ~ster r~ from fu ~IH" f"-S~\''''' ~roWi\.\.

    +kt. hUk ~~~er,

    sa-\~A'rlc.

    "l

    \/SfJ T:>Mf:A:',
    I

    r----o

    =.~>

    PI ~ 1. bo..r
    TI -:. ,~o \c:.

    -r

    Auxiliary
    power

    ~:\ ~/S
    Cool air
    to cabin

    :3

    f~ :<. q IE>

    bG(N'

    "*

    eo.dA Co'O"f.~ew\- is
    steo.cL;, ~~e .(2) llu. a.\1- (l.~~r\~V\c:es
    V\O~("~)U,f~ ~ \V\ ~~~\~ ~ro~~ ~ ketN-t ex~",(~) \(LtAdic.. W.f~t\AA
    elA~91j d-'e.cl$ CIlM.. ht. ~~\e.dd.( "t) ~ -tux\o\\At. ~~ 'Uild~C'4t~C(l~,
    (5) The. o.1r is f\'\.6tlele&. ~ ' " ' -ldw.t ~(A..S,
    ASSUMPT\.QN$', (l)

    .+NA=PISl~ ~ <,,0..)

    For

    To.~\e '" - 2 '2. ; " 2 : ' 0 2.0, 1-", k:r, Ic;g ~ fr-z.::' , ., 3'.5' .
    ~lCOPo.M.'i\e"Y') fra.$:: frz. (P3IPoz,) ::. O.l3Z.S3'

    FroY\'\

    a."" i5eM~t(,

    11M.lo) has" ZS8.~1 k:J'1k.j. lA.s\'''''~ -\-~ -kM-1o~e e.fHc..\e\l\C4j

    W-l: ~ -.M \'\.'\: ( h'1.- h ~s)


    =Q ~)(.15)(3"Z.()."2.'- 2.SS.b1) sr \. \kw
    ~

    =. 1{ (0.1.

    \cJis,

    lc:.W 4

    W-t:

    ('0) FY"C>M i~lo\e. A - 22; h \-:. ~ eO:1. k.:r/~, ~

    0-:

    Q. cv +

    Got,,:' ~ ( ~ z,-

    ~ (V\\-~-z.)
    '" .)
    ,

    = (\ ) ( ~ 1. D. 1.9 - '3 eo. '1 ) (


    ::: - ~O, 't ~ k.w

    G- o,,"*

    -:.

    I)

    CQO ~ l{ t; lc.wOllll!!l-s~------

    QClU:t
    '=:::'

    KNOWN

    A\r l.sexttfACte~ tn>M ~MCA.\"'je.t e.\'\9 ln e. tor c.A.~\" c..oo\t"'!I"


    ike Q."\r ~,,-~~es ~ro~h ~ h4U'.\.t e)Cc~~elf" ~V\.c:.l iUN"bl~e.
    b(.~1"~ \)~it\!3 d.(~C.~C4.Y'9d \V\\o +f4e ~~~\'\"

    1>~l('m \\..\e.(~) ~e.

    fOWev- o.e"~op~ b~ ~e. tuKlo,~e .>(..b) ~e


    lseV\tr",p\c.. -tuKb\'he. eC..H.deV\~ ) ~(c.) iiw.. h~ ~s~
    r<l:l-e ~ +Wz. ~\-rflA.~\'~ fuoWjk. ~ neA..t e.)(c.kC4.~~r"
    SC\ij?tVrTlC, <4 ""V6!Y 1?errA~
    .
    "
    Heat transfer
    to ambient

    Tl. '; C9oo 0 R,

    1- -

    +Qo""t

    p, ~~l '~flt ....

    'T=- uti.. 0 DR..

    l7

    I:}

    2,.'

    1 ' - - - - -.....

    r--o

    Auxiliary
    power

    ~ :2.00~
    .3
    .5

    Coot air
    to cabin

    ~\'"

    f 3 '::. 1'"1 Ibfh~


    T1> -:. S E:>Oa...

    0.+

    A2$VMPTIQNS: (J) E~c1\ c.ompe\eM.~ is


    s+e~ &~-ie. (2.) Tltle Q.i,. f(l~ses
    +\1~\A..!~ t1A.tl. ht.C~.t e~c4"'Jje.,. Wlt\A. \1\0 ~(,~S!.UK.e ~Gf" ('3J k\'i-\t.+te. ~

    po~""~ e,~Q.f~Y eH-(.ets ().~ V\ ~li~ib le , (ttl 1'\\.t. tu.r'o\"'e orriUes


    o..Mt.Jo c",h,c.",U\1" ~5) ~ o.,"i,r ~ ~~ d.,e.ld Ct-S "'''' id~l 9fA.S.

    ANAL..'I2\S: (~) FrOM TA.ble Jt-'l'Z'i. _l "'2.:~ \"\ ~,"t1 ~w../\~ ~ h3c. 1I1,,~6 B~/lb"
    -rh""s I 1tt. fOWev- ete.,,4!ep~ ~ ~ iu-Ybl~e. is

    WL":. ~(lt\1.-~"5)
    "lO

    :.(2(90

    =,I ~,,'

    \~ \\(g1h~'(\'t"3.'ii-\\','t8\~'
    lh.p 1",1
    'I lb '2SCiS 6~

    W\\.~

    hp"'lS

    (b) Fer- ~ is ~~~l.C.. e~()~~~h\ J


    -r1u.L~) \-\ 3> '::. \\ '3.\ 't ~\-v..1 ~~ 1 ~

    YlL -=.
    \;

    ~ '1.-:3~S
    L-

    Go-u.t

    -=..

    :::.

    '.-Jot:

    Py1. ~

    .eoS ~ fr~: frz (PolI P,) ~ 0.8 ;7l1 .

    ':. 0",,, l (-r'l.l -/0),4

    (c) FV"~ rY\ TtA.b\.e 1\- 22) ~ \ -=- \Io"l. .,3

    r> \-V-.. I llo "

    tLt
    ~

    m (~~-"''1.)
    ~OC ~V\ ) ( \CD"l.1 '3 -

    = 3>52

    '61a-<A/ vW.,V\,

    \ '"t 3.~' ') Btl;

    10-12

    P~oBt.6M

    to, S6

    A-lt'" u,w.l~Y'5()~

    KNOWN,:

    tOO16'ITSSIOil\

    EI

    e, S+{ "'~~j ~+V"ljQrA,-h.~ ~cle. w i+l.\ Q I.e flOW'"


    f"fA.,tio, OHter &a+'l. ec.re also ,f1Ile", .fo r: -/11e C<dcfe.

    J)e+e('m,'~e <"l") +h~


    el(.~"SlO')\ /per f.,(,V\...t

    tVO:

    Ccc1c.(e J

    SCW-SMMlC

    hed- -WdVlS-kf' olu.V"~~~ +l1e. istr+he.("Oi\~(


    Y\1a's 0+ 'll r-J \b) tf...u2. "~.,. worle. -for41,\t~

    mtl~~ 0+ a.~ ....) "~(C.}

    f&r' ",-n.tt

    'IVW PA=14.:

    +ke

    c.()e(.fic.i~lAf

    .of

    r~("'.(o(mQ"'ce.

    1f

    &f>SUMPmAJS: (I J ,he ~t(" is C\ clo$e.& ~~s~m. (2.) 'T"'el-OMP~ssio\'\ Q.V\J.


    e~(\.\I\.si.cll\ Cc.r~ Uo-they"MQ.I.('J All proc:e.~s~ Q..re ivrl-~("W\~'l~ r-ever-S,b\e. .
    (4) A V\ Lcl~ re~t.V\er(l..(.or 'IS ,,"Vtl\. \ o.~\e -Jo s-\ore iM. eV\e~'j t'!.jeetuA etu.\",~
    r-0ce~s 3 -If -lo be.. u.sec,{ c..s ~e. lZ.V\er~~ i~f""t c:l..tAV"~"'j '?~~S \-2. .<.sJ -r~e
    Gt \-r" be"'<t\les ~ Q,V\ ~eoJ 8 AS (~) 1(, Vietic. Q. 'W\.d. fo\'~,,,:,\.,t( e 'W'et'lj j e.Hecis ce.re.
    'Y\~ l \5U~\cz.

    ANMN516 " (~) ~ e.Y\e.rg~ IoCll"'lI\cQ.

    r-eclttce~ -l-o

    (lHoceU 4\ -,

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    W Ii f

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    tb) "The.

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    UJO"'~

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    IT Code - part (a)

    IT Code - part (b)

    /I (a) steam at 2 MPa, 400C


    p = 2000 /I kPa
    T = 400 /I C

    (b) R-134a at 2 bar, 50C


    p_b = 200 /I kPa
    T_b = 50 /I C
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    v1_b = V_PT("R134A", p_b, T1_b)
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    dvdT_b (v2_b - v1_b) I (T2_b - T1_b)
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    s1_b = S_PT("R134A", p1_b, T_b)
    dsdp_b = (s2_b - s1_b) I (p2_b - p1_b)

    dT = 0.001
    dp 0.001
    T1 = T - dT
    T2 = T+ dT
    p1 P - dp
    p2 = P + dp
    v1 v_PT\,WaterISteam", p, T1)
    v2 = v_PT\,WaterISteam", p, T2)
    dvdT_a (v2 - v1) I (T2 - T1)
    s1 s_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T)
    s2 s_PT("WaterISteam", p2, T)
    dsdp = (s2 - s1) I (p2 - p1)

    =
    =

    =
    =

    =
    =
    =

    IT Results - part (b)


    IT Results - part (a)
    3

    (oyI8T)p = 0.2491 x 10- m

    3/kg'K

    (8s/8Ph = - 0.2492 x 10- m3/kg'K

    (ov/8T)p = 4.449 x 10-4 m3/kg'K


    4
    (8s/8Ph = - 4.449 x 10- m3/kg'K

    P~81-e M

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    ANALYSIS:

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    IT Code - part (a)

    IT Code - part (b)

    II (a) steam at 100 Ibf/in2 , 600F


    pa = 100 II Ibf/in2
    Ta = 600 11F
    dTa = 0.1
    T1a = Ta - dTa
    T2a = Ta + dTa
    dpa = 0.1
    p1a = pa - dpa
    p2a = pa + dpa
    v1a = v_PT('WaterISteam", pa, T1a)
    v2a = v_PT('WaterISteam", pa, T2a)
    dvdTa = (v2a - v1a) I (T2a - T1a)
    s1a = s_PT("WaterISteam", p1a, Ta)
    s2a = s_PT("WaterISteam", p2a, Ta)
    dsdpa = s2a - s1a) I (p2a - p1a * (778.17 1144)

    II (b) R134a at 40 Ibf/in2 , 100F


    pb = 40 II Ibf/in2
    Tb = 100 11F
    dTb = 0.1
    T1b = Tb - dTb
    T2b = Tb + dTb
    dpb = 0.1
    p1b= pb-dpb
    p2b = pb + dpb
    v1b = v_PT("R134A", pb, T1b)
    v2b = v_PT("R134A", pb, T2b)
    dvdTb = (v2b - v1b) I (T2b - T1b)
    s1b = s_PT("R134A", p1b, Tb)
    s2b = s_PT("R134A", p2b, Tb)
    dsdpb = s2b - s1b) I (p2b - p1b) * (778.17/144)

    IT Results - part (a)

    IT Results - part (b)


    3

    (Ovlot)p = 6.225 x 10- ft3 /lboR

    (Ovlot)p = 3.042 x 10-3 ft 3 /lboR

    (osloP)T = - 6.226 x 10-3 ft3 /lboR

    (osloph = - 3.041 x 10-3 ft 3 /lboR

    II.. 2..(..,

    Ai

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    PROt3tEM II. 32

    ITCode

    =20

    T
    dT
    T1
    T2

    /I of

    = 0.01
    = T - dT
    = T+ dT

    p2 = Psat_T("Ammonia". T2)
    p1 = Psat_T("Ammonia". T1)
    dpdT_sat = p2 - p1) 1 (T2 - T1)) * 144
    P = Psat_T("Ammonia". T)
    vg vsaCPx("Ammonia". P, 1)
    vf vsat_Px("Ammonia". p, 0)

    =
    =
    hfg =T + 459.67) * (vg - vf) * dpdT_sat) 1778.17
    sg = ssaCPx("Ammonia", P. 1)
    sf =ssat_Px("Ammonia". p, 0)
    sfg = hfg 1 (T + 459.67)
    ufg =hfg - P * (vg - vf) * 144/778.67
    IT Results
    (op/oT)

    =
    =

    I
    sa

    = 152.5 Ibf/ft2.oR

    hf9 552.6 Btu/lb


    Stg = 1.152 Btu/lboR
    Ufg
    500.2 Btu/lb

    11-32

    PJ?OGt-E,vc II. 33
    ~ p-v-T ~~ +Or wev4-e-r "-V'e. t:c.vAdc.ef.,Ie fro"","

    /.<:Noun)

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    55
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    J

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    ~

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    ",,~v..es

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    AV\ ~\-\~Y\&\.+\lve solu.~ lU\1;)1 IT +o(lo~~ ~

    IS

    oJo~ I.s

    11-'33

    IT Code

    T 50 1/ C
    dT'= 0.001
    T1 = T - dT
    T2 =T+ dT
    p1 = Psat_TC'WaterISteam", T1)
    p2 = Psat_TC'WaterISteam", T2)
    dpdT_sat = p2 - p1) I (T2 - T1 II bar/K
    p = Psat_T("WaterISteam",
    vg = vsaCPx('WaterISteam", p, 1)
    vf = vsat_Px('WaterISteam", p, 0)

    hfg = (T + 273.15) * (vg - vf) * dpdT_sat * 100


    sg = ssaCPx("WaterISteam", p, 1)
    sf = ssaCPx('WaterISteam", p, 0)
    sfg = sg - sf
    ufg = hfg - P * (vg - vf) * 100

    IT Results
    (op/OT)sat = 0.006127 bar
    hf9 = 2382 kJ/kg
    Stg = 7.372 kJ/kgK
    Ufg = 2234 kJ/kg

    (1-3t.[

    r"ut..

    ASSUMPTIONS: (I) T"'e. rcd~o ~~/V.f' does:- !l\Dt' CI-... Il3e c'S""
    i1j
    ~
    tC .... p~ A""t~
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    is,

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    f.ret:- 33. 1371bfli,,~


    C'.I1.~

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    f778ftl/af I"

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    ~ 2-'-. ~S'I + ~.. i'78


    I

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    I

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    5 j ;-e r

    - J.1, J

    J- P-. _ _ ( 88.n~AIt) [ ..L- - ...L.


    f. ( l ,q 1i<.. <?\-U- \ 486
    "'70
    \ W PI z, lb.R.' J
    ~

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    110 f I,' " 1..

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    ...
    ~:i--

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    SoJ-is-fu..to'lj resu.lis o..fe. Ob-\CLU"ul \A)'\,\~ b:>-\1A. \\Ae.~d.s. 'E:ue(,l~ ~'{ee~ac.d: wiA.:

    \-tA~\L \I~Lue. is o.cLtiGvd lAJi~ tke .r;,lAa.o\'t;\~ IT 6fpfo~e'" b6.S~ ot\ \W~YP."tkj
    ~. ll.4\O Wl~.u* M~k\'",~ ~ tl~~e CL.ssu~hblAs ~
    IT Code

    hg hsat_Px("R134A", p, 1)
    hf = hsat_PxC'R134A", p, 0)
    vf= vsaCPx("R134A", p, 0)
    vg = vsaCPxC'R134A", p, 1)
    P = PsaCT("R134A", T)

    /I Clapeyron Eq. 11.40


    dpdT_sat = hg - hf) 1 vg - vf) * (T + 459.67))) * (778.17 1144)
    psat = Integral(dpdT_sat,T) + 26.651
    IT Result (Sweep T from 10 to 20F in steps of 0.1.)
    Psat(20F) = 33.14 Ibf/in.2

    "'-f." '4d-

    k:'~OI.UN:
    rliJi)~

    E'~p._.j.(

    AnU~P1'loNr:

    ~~C1""""ok.&~

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    T~

    (,1)
    C.

    Phot -.('" '2.'-C

    I""'"

    ?OOC,

    0 .........

    ,....

    B-..:t:.

    10

    ~ Co o't. ~ ...,.

    "'1

    o-.,t.

    'Z.4 etc..

    -tr-....

    A.CCC4r4lcy

    O~'J

    '?sn'!4o<4:lk,

    c.t.-.t'\.'C S"11'~iC4"''f~ ...... +&.....


    C. '30<:.. (1.1 ~ c.a..... ~

    e v.

    c..-. 4f

    v 1'1 ....~ -rt-..

    Iv - t Ii

    ,'d.a-l S-..o ' - ~ ,

    '2.b 0 c,I

    l.T".f 1:: 0, I U 9 : ;

    0 ....

    -1'-

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    ~".....

    T~ ~'J~ ~'_ ~

    At-'AVt"')/ S'.

    e .... t

    r"'n'(;) hf}l\lf, d. ..r

    ALP ... M'v-. t. "1J1'

    c:!

    C"Q _ _

    f\.--.....~ a..~W\o_"" +- lofer.

    ~"'-Ow'"

    Qrt..

    \.\f3-:"

    (I 1,"0.7 t:J/1C.J \
    O,It.1.C\ .....'3/1C1

    P'O."1 f=

    vII:'"

    Il~\\~a.\ 1-. (~)

    I .\ Ilc.~,

    . lo~"'I,."

    '2.i f

    =. 1.z.~bW"

    f,,,*('100C.)~

    c..o ......",...,..,.""j
    ~ tt-cL ~ 1...
    .....-...---

    C.(o.~".d

    "'I'JA .

    H.fc:,ISbiM'"

    ~-. ~ ~.: IIb"5'"bAI"',

    -r-w)

    1 ....... ~

    <..u ,..f1,." tl '\S vvv.p h"""


    (' /

    - ---r ..":)r(/"'Y\.,

    ~uo

    ~[.J...
    ~

    /l..

    It Code
    hg = hsat_Px("Arnmonia", p, 1)
    hf hsaCPx('Ammonia", p, 0)
    vg = vsat_Px('Ammonia", p, 1)
    vf = vsaCPx("Ammonia", p, 0)
    p = Psat_T("Ammonia", T)

    IO.'lG.02.+{.'2..rI'=

    1 '\: b' 11.4-0

    (2. )

    ti t'"'Yl' C'!' ti- <to '2. I


    ..

    c... "" ~

    c.e.J ......

    CO'o"\

    A.."oJ

    Ce lI\ V

    I"" -/-t ,

    0,<..%

    J-ow.

    ~
    ~'~

    r '#4 0::1 1;.

    ~ f,

    (M.

    _~ ] _ _(II ,"0.1 w:~{r;1X .z., _ .L\K.) \1';~''''1


    It

    ~ ~.....
    17. 0 "t 1'5. Ie..

    -::: ,./1

    P2,.::'

    1()3K,

    2...i'i

    I jI:'"u

    11.s-bo..r-

    1/ Clapeyron Eq. 11.40


    dpdT_sat = hg - hf) / vg - vf) * (T + 273.15))) / 100
    psat = Integral(dpdT_sat,T) + 10.3602
    IT Result (Sweep T from 26 to 30 in steps of 0.1.)

    Psat(30C) = 11.69 bar

    FIND:

    cla.+c.. fur c.oA+~r ~r~ ClvtJll-c/A,.,ble fy~ ~Iole. A-~c.


    1hllt M - 40 0F o."",d ~-..pc..~ ","",1~-f'G..c..-+o...hle VAu...t.. J
    Ibf I,'~ 1. f-r~ 71<.':>' e A -" E ,

    Tr I pie ('0;/1\+

    ICNOIA.IN:

    l..v~clA. t:o

    sh\O..",,~

    0.001'

    ACi.Sl)MPi'ON~',

    (I)
    "T"~ y~l .. e. If. h..., is e...t+a ...'" i",d.Jt4'"cl4",t ef le"f/#,. ... f,.,.'e ~".".
    ,,,"'HI/ol
    ~o_ -the iv,tlc po... t. U_" ....A""ure to. -+ooJ:J it) v-. e ..... 10< ,'1",-u,e d
    relA.f\v~ it) V, 4t'\c1 V, ~ ...... boe .1I'... Iu ...".d US,'""
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    I.

    ,,"I..

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    e, .......

    Io~ co",ver.f.d

    ~ ., .. vt.

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    1),Se.uSlO\W\',

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    c...' .."t..,J" .. cl v~ o..~ ~ l..u;~~ ~


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    c.e....~ o...~ ~ "G>

    'PR08LEM 1137
    l<NOI.AJI'(:

    FU.".

    "U... te V""

    Ai

    0c.

    !/",

    ",i
    I otlfl' XfO- 3 1M
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    F I "-'b :

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    Ti

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    kIVOl.VN ~

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    reprereYlnV\j -tl--t< -1-'-<.><, -p"'-CAJ'e- s"I,d -1/ 7 u ,' d


    cL'CA'jV'';lM
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    PRO~LEM
    KNOWN:

    \I3'l
    Occ .. ",ecl ~"'Ot.""" 0f-fo-l.. , _ollCC.'tu.1"f't) 80:,
    t'.'tI\,l(.
    Th~
    ft_pct'&~ ..r e
    is -2, 0C.

    All'\,

    ,'J

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    ,'c:~

    'De. ..t,.-. .. ~ -+ ... ~ ""',........... ,,- +0+... 1


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    u.. hAve befo1'e. +t--e. ice.
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    e""' ,;.

    of -I"~
    ,;+" +"'e '~J.t c..uo ld ~/t.

    pt

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    -20""
    AS~UMP"(ONS.

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    te .... 1"~r

    ,~

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    (7.) Tk~ (oeAI

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    'iof ': (. 0002.100 Y'I I~) ~"'T ...."
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    SCHMA"'ttC

    T C.\,,~'" "DATA:

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    AN AL.YS IS :
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    10 3

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    T

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    1.... ( PsM', 1.)

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    a

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    "1i

    (P...:t,2.) -=.

    IS

    ~fPsci,'2. \ =
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    1M <..Ps..:l) I )

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    Psd),

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    PROBLEM

    /1.43
    The res-uti-,;;f

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    t)~I'V\:1

    t=/tvD

    Preote- 11.4'2...

    s"+vv,,,hoVl P'-('~.u,e.

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    (I:

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    ''''-.Ioh:.-

    and

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    I

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    PRoBl.EM 1144
    slop..s o..re ~~sc,.~"'e.,
    ~O: (I.} Ur. ... .1 s~ ...... ~ cL..-f-.)~lIo./ua.1-4 +"'c. ra.h'o of -t~~ slope
    ~
    VDjG"'3/:l.h~ 11'~e
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    KNOW''':

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    w.~

    '1

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    ANALYSIS:
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    1* The constant 0.0135 is added to account for the


    area from 0 to 5 bar. The computer cannot evaluate
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    IT Code

    u-c

    T= 280
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    IT Results
    In f/p = - 0.1898
    f/p = 0.816
    f= 52.31 bar

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    The depar+ure of a 5olu-t'lon from ideal behavio~


    IS
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    1/...139

    Yz:

    =0

    CHAPTER TWELVE

    IDEAL GAS
    MIXTURE AND
    PSYCHROMETRIC
    APPLICATIONS

    I~.

    PROBLEI\t!

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    Initial

    Assumptions:
    1. The system consists of gases A and B together.
    2. Each gas behaves as an ideal gas. The final mixture also acts as an ideal gas with each mixture component
    occupying the total volume and exhibiting the mixture temperature.
    3. No heat or work interactions with the surroundings occur.
    Analysis: An entropy balance for the closed system reduces to
    o
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    (2

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    conditions at which they exist in the mixture. That is
    S2 = nAsA(T, YAP)

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    a = nA[sA(T, YAP) - SA(T, p)]

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    P

    Introducing the foregoing into the entropy production expression gives

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    The irreversibility in this case is due to the free expansion each individual gas would undergo from its initial
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    12-33

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    a.c<O:SS
    VA IVe..1.

    tl.\. ~d"'A... e-e

    12-41

    ~('''''~
    o, ....d

    1>

    ..,.I.u""

    L __

    ~-.

    """'0/1\ e"ole,..,,,, a-e

    "",'1'"
    ""'~

    S:/~t>:

    -1. ,.
    .A 00 K) I

    ",r-1 0 >,\

    ...

    -.'_".

    r.,
    ,_
    "\I,, I"
    .. e .J . . . ,1(,,,,
    c:..,,"hoo

    ,.

    .......
    -'"
    300 1<) 1660,..
    ~

    s f/ot.A.I ,..+~ ,'s

    TI,4!:

    +,.... ~t

    )('

    .. t; ... P'~IIU'~
    of ",~".u_.

    ,,"'lCf.""e f'/Ct'+t.
    +h.. t

    ve,..(l.(.S 1:' -+~ Jl4,it- te""'-(>erA tt-.re -<:t.-,d ~


    chrlvvch~ (.1+ v~ ~\! 1 l~ "Io1W,'Y\,j.
    ~CHE'MA"TtC. ~ telVEN 1>~'T"':
    ~~

    "kloIC,
    ~t4e

    .....,_e,."

    p1o+

    rA.l-e. of

    ~.s

    ',,'S

    ...

    of

    I h.....

    d-

    ,h,..

    - ....--=-..,4

    /.r
    1 001<) '.:..ar~~.-.,ol

    "To '; 300 I~

    ~r : )( ""~c.
    ASSUMPTIONS:
    ('l.)

    o.~

    c.k.A_b~'"

    """,c""",

    i,s

    well

    40\.

    ,dQ.'" 'Jo..s ...... cl

    $11-

    .f

    ""~

    s.+t ... ~y s.t ...:tc.

    At

    i"'to""'""'j

    tl\C

    e.ffec:ts c.... '" b< t"I1o.-ed.


    IM,~ k-t~ ~cl.",,~ .. el' -1-0 +ke.
    tkt.

    flo- r.de.

    MAS"'

    ft ..... ,...tCJ

    "'Hi

    ''Ulo.lo.h.d

    "'I"'t~'c. ..... 4. poi~""~'AI ~l1e"1

    ...NAI.."l'SIS:

    t""-

    T~

    (')

    ~+'Cld~ S.+At~.

    0..1'

    cu./"" :Jcu C~11 ~e ~D</eieJ.

    (3)

    '00..1+011. lMod~(.

    of .He .... iltl-.... ,.c

    ,)C"n'''', ., "4/1

    Cll
    o

    0-:.

    ~ - ~v ~ ~~ ~ij~ (400K)"", ~A" ~Ar(3l)01<) -

    'Mt-le[ hlle(u) _

    Fol"

    +"'~

    ~"'t~S

    "",_".-o'""'C,

    -~e

    h~e(4COIC)J

    ~ if
    'i
    Mile

    He .... eI Ar.l

    (ie-4 0 o) ]

    Of"

    le- 400

    Ml\e.

    0+-

    )C

    h"rtie) -

    e,

    sIL RIM Clo.blt>A-2.I). "CCll,.tl..4~J

    cpO:

    ~He

    "'A.. t,OtlJc.)]

    0 0
    K
    M",. (Ie 3 )

    x (Ie- 3 0 0 ) =-

    M~..r

    400

    Te =

    :'"r[

    +-

    [':'''t hUe.l~) i' ~A"" ~(~)J

    Mile,

    -'Milt.

    W.~e SHe (-i-06ICJ

    +
    +

    :.

    (NAr) +

    ..L

    MAr

    IbM')

    400(~)
    +
    Mile

    300)(

    HH~

    aOO)(

    (1. )

    )C

    ~ ~Ar $Ar(~DOI<I 1&,... )

    (~Nt

    Sile (

    'e)

    12-48

    !:lilt.'lb.,.)

    ... .:-",. SAt- (Tt J ~4"" 41.1')] "'"

    <7'Cv

    Ff<DBtEJ-t 123 B (UMt 'c1.,)

    SiJ."ee 'JA,., + YU,

    :: I ,

    ~K' = 1-':IAt' )o..V\& E-J./rVt lie. ~

    ~
    :. T. {~ [2 L
    ""Me
    .ti He. ~

    Te -

    400

    ~ .. cI

    10

    """'ll """".. ~

    '<fAr,

    ~ (1- ~ Ar )]...

    +"..,+

    no-h'ce.

    1""

    <SeN/ ..nHe.' TLuAs


    E. [.2 ~.:!i - fJM.:JIt

    To

    M,w.

    300

    '2.

    Of

    .......s t fyAch'o..,,r

    He.

    4 .. cI

    A,..

    (3)

    r .)

    l", .,,,(

    fx"h'~

    o..l'e. J rup.th'Vf\,

    ~f)tI~
    Ctl'\~ ) 1\\"

    ';"~e

    --'"".",

    -n- e, '"'v . . . 1# .... of


    n~t.

    X w,tlt.

    (1"''Ill'':'~e.

    of

    ....olf't

    /ole

    A .. d

    ,/O+'/.)

    'ri

    V)AY" ..

    M~

    rk. daJa.

    Jt

    ::

    I+~

    A....

    ,'",

    I (we.)

    MAt"

    'T"'.... ~
    V\M~

    'a"'.......

    1+)(

    (I+'()~tfe

    ~lt\ilC
    :.

    J..

    ....

    ~t4e.

    ':'

    "Ht -+ '" """

    ':'

    tor ~ ~Wru(

    ( (I+lt)

    ~I\""

    (--l--
    (I~) Mtie

    (1ft)

    (+)

    ]=
    ~",.

    plots are ohla"l.t~ kSl~~

    fc 1l6()Js :

    Edotd I mdotHe = To * (A + B)
    A (Rbar I MHe) * (2.5 * In(Te 1400) - In(1 - yAr
    B = x * (Rbar I MAr) * (2.5 * In(Te I 300) - In(yAr
    yAr x I MAr I MHe) + x)

    IT Code

    =
    =

    mdotHe = 1
    MHe 4.003 II kg/kmol
    MAr = 39.94 II kg/kmol
    To = 300 II K
    Rbar = 8.314 II kJ/kmolK
    x=1

    IT Results for x = 1
    YAr

    Te

    = 0.0911

    =390.9 K

    E 1m

    mdotHe + mdotAr (1 +x) * mdotHe


    Te (400 * (MAr I MHe) + 300 * x) I MAr I MHe) + x)

    IT,; a.S

    He

    = 214.6 kJ/kg

    PL.OTS~

    3000 - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    400 - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    2500
    ~

    350 -

    2000

    --

    Ql

    1500

    300 -

    --" 1000

    500

    50

    150

    100
    x= m

    Ar

    1m

    He

    200

    250

    50

    100
    x=

    150

    m 1m
    Ar

    He

    200

    250

    1::-1\...Hh.uh.t~

    Q)<,~7<!v,

    +of/o.......-

    a.l{oLU"d

    Is;.

    ,'",+0

    ,oCJo'ft~+",,,,~) ;h"h'~II;;

    0...

    N L ) VYlr>'
    L I
    -the. prl?srure
    .., +~ +t'l.lA.lc. C<.cltt..'eves
    vetil.< e )w~ -rt- \e-pe(",,",~e ~ -tt-. +-,,,,,,t:. .AA "",-,-",,,, f Co '" d"lIu,,"

    :J
    LJ'IJe"
    ()

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    0 :

    1 tV

    w/f'r,

    I'"

    +.

    I.

    -+ N.. ~ U'
    DA 7"1 :

    ( L\. )

    S:C~"i'MA I Ie "\ G I v ~J...J

    OJ..

    spec,j,-ed

    0....

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    02-

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    VI

    H> ... ~ .>

    -+ t.u. ~ a:-+

    (h)

    fro.. VI !I--~

    looof-t.$ +t:,..",t. /
    t",o'h.d/1 f,lled wd"
    N. <l. -t 7o"FJ S Ibf/ih"L

    7ou~ :2Dlbff,'n'l-

    ASSUMPTION;;: (,) h>.,..

    i N C - 0 .",

    lie I .......... e

    -jv-o I

    ~ .........,

    "v\

    +t.<e

    f. ') IA" e , W c.v

    c.

    0..

    (2.)

    14-E'''-+

    sv(rovT\.d.~,S' lM"'t;"~~I"S -+~ -ht"t: <:'ofd~t.,fl' 0..+ 70"r-. (3) /UN/h'cCu'\.d


    eo+ewh"t /-tlUjY effah are Vle5"511>Ie (4-) 'l:.<:t.-. PUJ{' LO""-(l<>'1f,,7 het,.urer ~I'
    AV' Ide,,- \. <'jtd.
    The ~ Iv. r-e 4d he rn-fr; T~
    ide...1 '<'if /A.<..cde /.

    +e"IA.'for . WIt/.."

    ,.....

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    -a,

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    '"J-CO.f37et)"=- 1,7rtt> Ib,,,,,,l (0'1)

    &:l. ~ \(t-

    01.
    TlI.e",

    e"1k ..{

    "'''"''-

    ji'U5

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    I --

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    --I
    .

    ......0

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    Y\o~ ho:z-(T)

    t~""'1'---"'ft.....u... (!3D"~))

    6Jcv

    =-

    7st> l611......{) ."

    lb......k)

    2.

    \1'\0'1-.

    i~

    c.Ol1s_tant.T.Il....::j

    S'-. 2. (. l\do.l)
    ~

    'Ylte~l'''h't.>V\

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    Co ll e c. h"'t\J

    ~c.v :.

    !.

    To

    ~"'-ln~'''' *"-'-

    ~ ~ +ra. ... tf--.-- ex-o.c+{i

    feVVlp-<r-ah-t

    W1tttCt-uc.'

    u..f

    riA-<.... ,""'''V"S)I

    17.-50

    ~-300~)

    -tl--L qp..fUj,/ e)rt/..j,,,.,,

    VI+4-IVl,j

    /of

    f--wU/ U-.>o.J<:..

    'PROSLEM I ~,40
    J::.NOW"".

    o.""d

    A", i"'r"'l .... cl,l r",ci t-co.",~ """"'n'AIly co"'d........~""J ~(" ~


    ..;
    ce .." ,'\f"t.-k'" to ~ IAt"jC Itt"srel CC1Y\~",-,.... ,

    (l-"JHI..V <

    +e ""1~ r "d~", ~
    .fdr~",)

    C\",

    PloJ

    FII'vD:

    r--u ~s u. (e ,

    a. 1'\ Q

    IV I ~ :J e ""

    14

    II ~ cl

    i"'cI

    1- 1,,-",

    hr - t..J'2. ~ ~,n~
    4.:t "1j p.
    "'~ru.s +""- 4"'-lJ.,J, 1J'2, ~ ~

    ....

    I~t..t..-v\.

    t~....,,~.,(I,tu.~

    N2." A.t"" 0 - ~
    " '7b +t.... '"'fa '" ~ )
    j;\

    +-... /(:,

    Ta.",. p

    T,,= 3001<

    P, -: \bar
    'l\Af'~ \ ~~I

    +- '" ~
    V:

    V\Ar

    RT(

    l ~Ar-+ \'lN1.1 ~T ~

    ':

    Mus

    p ~ 4b4<.r,
    40'd.

    p-= ff

    P,
    ",,"e~

    vol.u ~ ~ IU ~.l'\ S ~+o.M.'


    ~~" .. o\ o.f t-'1. 1M +0... "" f,'", .. t1y

    t.lI\ .V"~

    ~ b ",\",,,( (> so

    J\.O c:l /,4ce

    ::~][ ~,

    L\ +

    0)

    +0 ~ i v-e (~.s~ Co. 4-.4 )

    A"UC" :. htoJ~(T,.,z.) V\~~


    ur

    {l!'Nz.~""1.(T) -r rt~W"~l\,,<'T)1-l........ 'U."rCT,>] ~::

    ~"'z. ~Wz.(T) +

    YlArt. IS-R

    S"A..,,\e.u.lc,,-lA.nIM~

    cT-7i)] '::

    (..uk .. ",- V\tJ2,. ':: 0.'2..

    h,.,1. (7,.,.) Vl~4

    -hfoJ'Z,. (7A1,..)

    ~_I 16,.. ('l.)

    ('2..)

    Y1,v2..

    f\A..l-d.t

    WI,",-

    et",,-\-

    ~"- "T~A2..j>

    (f).~.JtMO') ~~",(T)+ QIc:.~I)O,S")( g . ol'~:"~.l')("'T -?oo)l<.=' lO<2F-...t)(14~8~~)


    (0- 4')

    u.,.., cr ) + la.'lTI
    '\.

    Sol"iV\j i'~A.<\'l""'\

    J..

    V'11 .......

    ':

    "s':f..'S K~

    ..,..~ A~1.J cla.~

    1= 400K .

    'T1o-.t ...,

    r.,,, C,,) r~

    p~ (J bAr) l \ + ~:~ 1[~::] ~

    I,e.. b,,(.

    i~<Z. ~ ~ ~ r e-~~eA plch. ~ ~eJ It.Sl\r.j fWL.\o~l.>"'IMj $'\~rle IT ~'.


    IT Code

    IT Results for nN2 = 0.2 kmol

    p1 = 1 II bar
    T1 = 300 II K
    TN2 = 500 11K
    n_N2 = 0.2 II kmol
    Rbar 8.314 II kJ/kmolK

    T = 400.4 K
    P = 1.602 bar

    p = p1 * (1 + n_N2) * ( T I T1)
    n_Ar 1 II kmol
    n_N2 * u_T("N2",n + n_Ar * 1.5 * Rbar *(T - T1) = n_N2 * h_T("N2",TN2)

    PlOTS'.
    4---.---------------~

    620 - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    580

    3.5

    540

    500

    2.5

    460
    a.

    420

    1.5

    380

    340

    0.5
    O-f--,---,--,---,--,----r---r

    0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
    n

    (kmol)

    ,.--,--..,------!

    0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
    n

    (kmol)

    No1e ....

    As f"lore. N;&. is \\A~au,eJ) ~ 1>('~su,re Q.MLl ~~ bot\A. \ \Ac..(eASe..

    ~ ~ -k~Ye. 1~,(l2~ 40 \I~ 'f1u;{~ ~ +ka.. ~e 0{'


    fk \I\"tfoe:J~ eu.kAA~~1du.4.1o fLou:> \.Oo'"~ .
    Wk-eu. "'~~ r.ea.d\es . 1.13 k~ol) -t'W2.. f(,~SlA.'(e ilA ~ ~ re~ 4 10M"" ~
    t1M. rproce'>s ceases.

    PJ20BlEM 1"2,41
    KN. OWN ~

    A s +rep.W\ of
    ~t

    F/I0Q:

    300 K.

    0, I ty

    If

    Uefer.....,,>'IC'

    <t\

    SCH<Z/Vlft TIC.

    t:{

    -s To- -t e

    s~ dj

    at

    dry

    ilL II)

    'r
    A"

    P."

    300 te) 0, I /VI

    a.."t.

    5'ep4.r.l~o/

    '"

    <J.d.....

    Ope"..",-h"'j

    -th.e.

    c...(t</;...,t>

    ,,,10 pure.

    de

    ce:

    y,

    OiL/ N L

    ofJ'2 ,"., h "'J


    ,(L.,

    Stv-eA.WlSJ

    pr ov . de d '

    a re

    VA

    tue:

    C.<'{p"

    I:;-e

    c.e)J'~ct,

    Goa..
    '300

    l.:l

    0.711

    t< ..

    (;J f

    W<-v ~
    A<;;:~UHPT'ONl:

    1t\f'~itJ.loie

    TJv;

    (I)

    P,,-

    NJM p~

    JOO/<=/ (J, I

    to tlA...

    "'-

    DATA

    O, 2.1

    '3-t-JI..:'

    eYl fer.'

    '''''P 1.A7

    Luor-K-

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    Co e.

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    ~IVIJ;. h'L//U'I-eH1tAI ei--0--Y5Y ef'~ck (2.) 7.d~ js. p'll/lc<,pl.er c,pply


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    ITCode
    T1 = 520
    phi1 = 0.75
    p1 = 14.7
    p2 = 100
    w = w_Tphi(T1,phi1 ,p1)
    mdota = 1 II Assume a unit mass flow rate.

    sa1 = s_TP("Air", T1, pa1)


    sa2s = s_TP("Air", T2s, pa2)
    sv1 = s_TP("H20", T1, pv1)
    sv2s = s_TP("H20", T2s, pv2)
    (sa1 - sa2s) + w * (sv1 - sv2s) = 0
    sa2 = s_TP("Air", T2, pa2)
    sv2 = s_TP("H20", T2, pv2)

    Wdot I mdota = (ha1 - ha2) + w * (hv1 - hv2)


    Wdots I mdota = (ha1 - ha2s) + w * (hv1 - hv2s)
    Wdot I mdota = (Wdots I mdota) I eta_c
    eta_c = 0.8

    Edot d I mdota = To * ((sa2 - sa1) + w * (sv2 - sv1))


    To =520

    ha1 = h_T("Air", T1)


    ha2 = h_T("Air", T2)
    hv1 = h_T("H20", T1)
    hv2 = h_T("H20", T2)
    ha2s = h_T("Air", T2s)
    hv2s = h_T("H20", T2s)

    pal = 14.51 Ibf/in.2


    pa2 = 98.68 Ibf/in.2
    pvl = 0.1945 Ibf/in.2
    pv2 = 1.323 Ibf/in.2
    T2s = 894.4 "R
    '1= 0.008~41

    IT Results for

    Dc

    = 0.8

    ,J

    ~w 1m
    = -91.98 Btu I Ib(da)
    cv
    a s
    12 = 986.1 oR

    pg1 = Psat_T('WaterISteam", T1)


    pv1 = phi1 * pg1
    yv = pv1 I p1
    ya = 1 - yv
    pa1 = p1 - pv1
    pv2 = yv * p2
    pa2 = p2 - pv2

    (W 1m) =-115 Btu/lb(da)


    a

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    d

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    pv.nc.:ples.

    At:>AL.YS IS: A( ikJ<. pc-rh'p.( (l'H.... res ,\.,,~ "Aly s""",tt t""h'otl> Df"", b.\V' :.........", h1 f>..Je l T"'-' {,"'''''\ .shde. j",,,,,,
    L" ...... pr-eS;cIO.. lPou.ld 1:1-0. p..r "'....... "'3'" fr<> .... 1Vo..si.. v''1J0'- cio-ne: -ioel._ .......~lJ<e ct-tlA.Vlcect c.o"''' ... .sahcVl.

    ;"<:t....'"IoAf, x,

    C l..L.)
    Ie

    ~ -=

    (l.c.~"''''''''':'h)

    CD

    (In..

    Ii - Pill.

    ~ R-I ~

    1'1/1..

    Fj

    1',,-

    4'~ = f'1('l.lp~fJ~) ~ 0.0379/1.014 = O,b'3'7 (3,7%)

    l'(edv"""'J

    (b')

    (0,62.2.)

    P, .. fin

    .:i....

    ~"-

    Wc.1( -

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    (

    I?Vte r

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    lo"l...",ce- ~ I vel: aflar-

    fe

    l (bet +

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    htl, +

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    I r314
    1......--.:;)-'1
    =

    ..

    b2.2.(O.OIt("i)

    Pt"f'vl

    w.. a. [ ~l -

    1 ::

    \-I'll

    -+

    W- (

    1::.5 ;

    X.

    hv'l- \""/'

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    'A.'lS Ie)

    D.bt'2.- 'F-<?:,CII)/C<j(a.)

    L 010'

    ccV'\de"'$"d IO~ \'t"-V~;I. -J~ ~ (.V '" ~ a 11 d. lid" l e A-2.?. ~ T'1A.o1. a... r ,

    'S'''CA.

    u.>

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    ( D, J""!Js)( /,05 - O. 019'1 )Xlorp/... 2. -::: O. 3f, 8'


    ",-

    (.>V/

    +~.:..

    f'e.O\.lrfA."'je"""tiot

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    '
    _ 0,360e, [373,'7- )'13.1.
    'W
    <'I ..

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    c,OtW [12.4.'JJ is

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    +t~ .A..~ 5a..s.

    =_3b. 2.9 k..yJ


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    J ...

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    ..................

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    (I'

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    cov,rl........ t
    ~"-'e

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    KNOWN:

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    l)e.fe-...lM-<"'e.

    SCH'}:fVlATtC

    are.

    t~

    (A)

    ~r a...

    l:lrt)VIc1ed

    c.o n iv ot

    II'Oful.<A..t?

    a."t

    SfeAc(y

    sf.t1e,

    ~fv-&tvtSf<.r fA'te) (0) el1IYoP7 ~<:1uCh"V1 f'1:;<fe.

    GfV'iNl>I'\TA

    .,

    I@

    '1;=tlD"F

    I...,

    P, = I a.t"",
    4>,::. 00%
    (A v7 j =J.ooo.[:t3jl<M"

    ~_I-1loolla S.~~ .......'" led .....,.:s't

    I
    I

    -=======~~~==~
    C"",de"'J.de..

    13"51'[=
    ll-u

    ASSUMPtiONS: (I)

    'J;c:..V-=-O

    tv ...cJ e fA. (

    ,AtvAL-'1'S'IS:

    0>,'"

    S-/-t=.......d) s(-...,fe.-, (Z)

    FOr

    -tA.Q

    C"vo.fy~ I

    Vl'J1c..JlMe

    tJ:}J.)'

    <:PI

    Pff' ' ]

    V VI I PoYVV\,

    C e- i col: 1->"'.9
    C;l,GU

    [(O,(,,)@,6q~8)] ~
    14.7- (j.4-1'l3

    0.018"2.(,

    /11(v)

    '''(a)

    t-..A

    ii

    S%l -

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    P-ct>1 P'ijl

    IT'CY

    i:

    "'-""-"-4; ~f~c1r are V1~Jibfe. (3) Tire .......".:st: air'


    j ~J
    r:," CA.pl es. (4) 7"-0. p-cesrccr-e 'J
    o.t:
    (a. t:.......
    ra ie:
    b~(a.n('ef red.-t..,(i:: -tv "Ve.
    W.a.I=.M<l~=-';"a..)"\;'VI=W,\l2.+~3o

    (().T, -

    0.1.>2.2 [

    .
    At

    Mass

    er:.,3 = M...

    IhMs)

    II'D(uvt-te

    b ...ehc./;z-.ot-e",hoJ

    l1lAQ

    0..<1 ~e V'e.f

    coV\fv(.l1

    _ G?cv

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    I. "1 v:d ..So;


    I",

    SA

    tvY' o- k d J

    4, (.seE' \'ec.

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    WI(SO'-!~eP/) + ~/-w2.) Sf3]

    cJcv

    _ 0,

    o/e21O(:l.~_I~~{;, I.,(0-'))
    of (b.Ob'14Y0431JU

    ,
    -=

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    '2..Bb

    f3f,A/........ ""

    0c\

    -4-----

    <J;v

    12.G?+

    PROBLEM

    Oper",fI''''j

    to' ,,",ou.:>N:

    dAfA.

    \:).e'~"VIA.o<..-...l.

    Ftfo.JD ,:

    Are

    SCt-i'l.Mf-\TIC ~ ~ (Vr t0

    p.'ovided

    fr... t.-<ft--

    ~ ... +

    (e,) tk.t

    f,.r ."...

    C-cM.f>--ol

    I"Aff'.1 (b)+i-.q

    volvu... e.

    a-t

    :Sf.ee..d

    "'hop,Y pYOd-vcJ,o....

    [;fa.7-e,

    ra.I-e,

    DATA~

    li~200C

    <P, ~43%
    l

    Cb~1 :::qoo~

    ltv

    Pi ~ I ",/'w-.

    .ASSUMP7(O~S:
    Vcl{uw-<>

    \A..<.o,st

    VI

    (I)

    Wcv':CO
    ~

    COVl~{ VO(U~ S~u.-"" ,'. a.T sfe-.dJ <S~ .Cz) h:,r-t"'- CO'1.fn:J!
    ~tM1l'<:./fJ0fe",-h~ J1f'r;y .e~fed' are l1e~jtble . C:l)Tt-A..

    iZJ ide,,1

    i-a. ~

    fv!.iLS!;.

    +~l.= ~v3.

    -&'0-,=

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    al'\.

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    lb=~;;K =:J

    ~tH

    b",Ie..>1((>J

    C A1"",t ...-I>"'.5

    ~fure pr,V\.c'ples,

    ....i~ d..'j

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    PV 1 ~

    s~

    tel'.d

    ~I["")I:: (j.,1I)ct.( = C400'WlYtiYI.00J2f.,.to'~/ ...~)


    I'\JD.I
    .E TI
    ll'314 .!:!..:..-""')('2."I3/<)

    1074.'1

    :=

    l<:~ , ~

    (O.bl2. )(O.4-1)(O. 02T 5"l )

    :-

    O. 006z...~)

    l:1(II

    /.()03'2-

    An.. 12l-\etJj rIA k hedaYlce reduce" to

    y;"""Lll-.a.

    0: Qcv +-

    +Wh,,), +

    ~:>. loll- ),;,""

    or

    0=
    or

    -~cv

    ""T;

    So

    ,
    Qcll

    Tit>

    f"e...c/

    ll

    (,h +

    l-"J3J

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    f.lo.,

    yj;,Q\

    ~t:t3

    l'\P<f'i PHI:: f. o 132S-(o.43)(O. 023Jif)

    ~ W,

    ""'1. = b
    >MGl

    =I~003'2.
    l07+.Q

    J
    btlr:

    .=O,OD4("5/'5C!)
    I<jla)

    P~OELE-M 1~'5"'
    j<IVOWf'..(:

    T~ dr'j-b~ a"d e.u~+-btJ..lp ~u..per"a.I..(u~~ o re prov'I'r/eel ~

    FIND:

    USIt\j

    fe..vo

    ~a. cIA ~

    C.A.~'

    !to' /~ .48

    a~d

    ) de-kr-..o. ...... or:

    <f -Pr

    eac4....~.

    ASS(.;lMPTto"IS(I)~ we+- ~lA..t..h +ew.v>~rOlW-(, c..a."", ~ <.A.8-qc;( I ..... p(QC'-e. 01> ~


    46.c'Ab""h'c.. +elMp~t"a.+c..t.,..e. -to evat oo i u..r:(z) p= ("'t+.,....
    ANALTSIS.

    1db-::~4()C./7"'10= 1~t:lC ') p-::.lo.+w...

    (A)

    CAl . e, .. '"
    It

    b~

    p, .

    fou ... c! "t,",~


    W t:.

    f,> ..",,* ~o.... ~,. tZ."U;. 'T"'~


    .... d

    1 'I ....

    0.c.2.1- [

    w:

    Cpo. (

    CO I i'18

    o.e

    '"

    t'"" "I4.,'t f."'''~JJ''''''

    Ie, (..;

    (v)

    11-4.

    ~pll~t.O.)-

    (.v,.......

    T) +

    Twit -

    of,.,1

    (,,./6 +~""/M"'''''''''''e. fro_7A"'~ ".~

    /.OllU"-tJ.euSf8

    G:'1",,,i\_14.4B +~~"" ~., .....t

    V~I\,(~

    1-\, (TW6

    W' [

    o."ct d ..+..

    Ic.-r/Ii:S/C

    fyo ..... 7~ .../.f>A-Z.

    ' (Twit)]

    ",(T) - l-lf C,....)

    : (1.00$')( IC.-).'f) ... 0011'1 [, ? ... ,,'J.t,J

    '7. t.j

    (?.S4-)'. t'olv,''''~ SCi' (1.\f]

    ft.~ PI'

    wP

    fv :

    Ct>.0081 )(1.0 1]1"" h..) z

    '::

    0.c.\.1. .. W

    Tke",,-

    (10 )

    q,=-

    Pv

    _ _

    o-

    0'"

    ~ ,"o-F

    :>

    fool"'.

    p~

    l4il\.. t-.

    ll'f.1- 0. l.r(,J

    ~IU.t

    tkh

    (a,,+,,-

    J=

    k1 (T) -

    'SOIIlI ....)

    e.,

    p~:.

    Ivf8. 7"c. VAIl.(~ ~


    -+"""..t
    <.De#- hlA.IO it....pe'.. NI'C. frtl-74b/~ 1f2E

    O. 0' I 0 I/o

    Pl'

    = (0. 007b )(,1/.",.) e. 1174 U't/,... l...

    '"' P
    O.Co'\.l.-t

    ,,,,<I. d,+..

    ~+ (7l..Ir )

    O.OIlO\l(IO~"J
    (01"1'''r - ,8.08

    .ft,.

    U,(v)

    lola)

    (T~)-~ (r....>]

    O.)'f(,"O-iS")-t

    11.'13

    w' ,'",

    e,.

    Cpa. = o~'f a"""/16ofl..

    toPA. (T"'IJ- T) +e.u /[ It"

    bAr

    ( 43.~ 0./0)

    _ O.l.lJ"

    w' -:. O.~1.l. [0.2.1'''.]


    e,uaf\~ 1'2..48

    ~OI3

    i'!' -

    b~ fevt'\d fro_
    us,''''8 P3 Q.+ -t""~

    (.&.....

    .... pf.'~'O., is

    c).ol3

    ::.

    't'T)

    'db :: 7'S"'F I T ....b

    o.oo'i(

    0.40'\.1. -t

    Coo

    Olr,U of 0.0.7(,

    12-8'2.

    fv().. . T~"/~

    ,4..2

    (C)

    ~(;J i&.
    l4.J

    =0.008'1

    ~,; VI'

    Cd )

    ::

    fi 5 tA.(~ A-Gt e..u n... ~ cL....~


    I

    t:..,h)/~, c),

    't.

    o.oo"f S

    fi SI..\.fP A- Cf
    Ib(lt)

    WIn...

    c:La. t--

    I '~(4).

    IT Solution
    T_a = 24 1/ C
    Twb_a 16 /IOC
    P 1.01325 1/ bar
    w_a = w_TTwb(T_a,Twb_a, p)
    phi_a phLTw(T_a,w_a, p)

    IT Results - Part (a)


    ~ = 0.435
    co = 0.00807

    T_b=751/F
    Twb_b = 60 1/ of
    P = 1 II atm
    w_b w_TTwb(T_b,Twb_b, p)
    phLb = phLTw(T_b,w_b, p)

    IT Results - Part (b)

    ~
    0.4124
    co = 0.00759

    12.-$ :3

    p~""

    (0.)

    4'=

    4-4-%)

    6 p~+ l.& ) J cP = 4 z cl/c

    ~:

    Us,,,,,

    <p) ~ s

    ca.)
    CItJ)

    IN) "'111.<4

    CIa)

    "'CIt -+ l.V1-\,~

    w"--. .....

    W!..q) T ...... ~

    w~

    f--

    po....+-

    1;(b:' '30"'(/

    ru.-p~~t (~) -(e) u ~I

    ld)

    c.. )

    pr'1ckY1:)V\.A-4.!-v,'c.

    T~

    &.)

    AUjI\\..."(SI

    +t-..

    s~

    L.t\O:1 ~j

    Yb: '!otJC j T.....\:1

    d.e4-e"''''''-4'''1e

    oC J T....b ':.2.St .

    ""Q~

    ::!OC:C.)

    T .... h

    ':- 2.o"'c.

    ~-=- (DO%

    ~ T.

    c k

    t (f::. LGl.n-)

    ': 2)'"'c..
    W

    ep:

    G, 0

    'v: o.o/<oa)

    -=.0 182) ""'~-Tw-hq::: 76>,31t:'I1/C.~(o)

    %
    1.tQ.-4-<.uL-J

    d ==- 7/.S" #C.::rII:='(~)1

    Tc!.b ::. '3o oC) T"""lcJ: 2.0<::. )

    (e)

    ~O

    Tdb:'

    'fH'-t Co t...._ "'- It-,...,'c..

    <p:.~8/a)
    "T db : ~ 0 0 C)

    ""3

    ~Lc........-t J

    T_b~:2.4"c

    Tel....... z IS0C.
    pr

    =1.01325

    II bar

    T_a=30IloC
    TWb_a 25 11C
    TWb_a = Twb_ Tphi(T_a, phLa, p)
    w_a w_TTwb(T_a.Twb_a, p)
    h_a = ha_Tw(T_a, w_a)

    T_c = 30 11C
    Twb_c = 20 11C
    Twb_c = Twb_Tphi(T_c, phLc, p)
    pg = PsaCTC'WaterISteam", T_c)
    pv = phLc * pg
    T_dewpt = Tsat_P('WaterISteam", pv)

    IT Results for part (a)

    h, + roh v = 76.13 kJ I kg(a)


    q> =0.6706
    ro = 0.018
    T_b = 30 11C
    phLb = 0.6
    w_b = w_Tphi(T_b, phi_b, p)
    h_b = ha_Tphi(T_b, phi_b, p)
    TWb_b = TWb_Tphi(T_b, phLb, p)

    IT Results for part (b)

    Twb = 23.83 C
    h, + roh v = 71.15 kJ I kg(a)
    ro = 0.01605

    IT Results for part (c)


    pg = 0.04246 bar
    Pv = 0.0169 bar
    q> = 0.398
    T dew point = 14.86 C

    Fl~D:

    u.s."",.,t't--. rJ1''1e~,.....dYtc. c:.~lrt) ~:Le~t'jA,A,.(~

    Td~

    (0.)

    (b)

    CJJ

    (C)

    ep)

    Cd)

    .f-.

    t.v k

    -t"1--.

    1-

    -ferv--

    '1d.b

    = &" 0 "'F

    Tc...b

    =" S

    UJ"k.r'I7

    (a.)-(c)

    l..t$(V'\~

    Tot> = scoFf

    C4l )

    ~ .... -i-

    (...V" J

    =70F
    -t- Tdlo=rOoF)<p.:o70%

    T...."

    cwb

    )l.,o..-+t.vl.,'J

    A..... AL"1'\\S.

    Tdb': f!!ooF,

    P~'\.C"'-V"U~~~c.

    c..v-.....~ Co

    to: l ",n.-)

    Twlo ~ 70F

    Tc1.w :: G. 5' . s-et F

    J:rf
    (10 ')

    Tcilo

    =SooF, 4>;: 7 0 %
    tv ';: 0.01S3'"

    ~4-+<.v~a
    .cvb
    ~

    '=

    S;~I

    '7::2S

    S~/lb(A)

    Td" ::. SoDF) T..... lo

    -:...

    GsoP

    cp::. 4$""'/0
    W-:.

    o.oocr't

    htHw~(,: 30 t ..... '/Htt)


    Cd)

    US'I-1J JT
    p

    =1

    -F-r

    (lh+J

    co , (10),

    (()

    /I atm

    T_c = 80 II of
    Twb_c = 65 11F
    Twb_c = Twb_Tphi(T_c, phi_c, p)
    w_c = w_TTwb(T_c, Twb_c, p)
    h_c = ha_Tphi(T_c, phLc, p)

    T_a = 80 11F
    Twb_a = 70 11F
    Twb_a = Twb_Tphi(T_a, phi_a, p)
    pg Psat_T("WaterISteam", T_a)
    pv phLa * pg
    Tdewpt = TsaCP('WaterISteam", pv)

    =
    =

    IT Results for part (c)


    IT Results for part (a)

    ~ = 0.447
    co = 0.009739
    ha + oh, = 29.84 Btu/lb(a)

    pg = 0.03452 Ibf/in. 2
    Pv 0.02114 Ibf/in. 2

    = 0.6124
    = 65.46F

    Tdewpoint

    T_b=80 11F
    phi_b 0.7
    w_b = w_Tphi(T_b, phLb, p)
    h_b ha_Tphi(T_b, phLb, p)
    TWb_b = Twb_Tphi(T_b, phLb, p)

    =
    =

    IT Results for part (b)


    co = 0.01539
    h, + coh v = 36.03 Btu/lb(a)

    Twb = 72.39F

    /2-flS

    f-A.c,rt Ac'r A.+5';tCJ I tat,..,., </'= (O% ki Coole.f/ -.:t- CtiJJ"L~f-rrt4


    +0 ISc_
    F/IoJD~
    Usct\~ -te...... 1')~'1ckt'o"""'~f'y,'c C.~+1 rJc.Ie,.~-~ t.V"'-t~ c..o"'cI-e"'la .... ttqa""
    occurs. ':i="f So) (;",cL -f'tIu o.~vlI\f c./I1ch~.re."j p-e- IC~ a f
    <:a, 'r,
    :rf ~-t<i
    c:( CI /4,,,.,,.,..' ~H
    l' .. + -riA..J A'" .J s f-,. k ,
    ~""(1WN:
    i$(A r e

    r--v

    eLy.,

    i)'"

    S"Cftt MJ\"t'1 C et" V!'tU

    T11 :

    15 C
    AS.!"uM.P"T(()I\J~

    A to.,)A l..""'~ I S ~
    6

    f>" ': y" p.


    ~

    I 011\ S

    f"W" J

    V"

    -f1-.-&':"

    Ao?

    A."'"

    S I"" e..c \e-oft...

    IU ~'i'\,t

    ~tfa"",t

    >, C,'l/iN

    '1~

    cl-/-""

    ~I'{d-

    -h'"""" ~.-- Lq

    'iiJlIeVI

    r I" h' ve.

    fr o-c fr .ova

    dM.",')\.S co""m",t - (!"-UtA.,e. ~ I~''''',:

    C1' 12l/ l S ~ ~

    6Y\. ~ ~c.A.a~' C.-

    o'r<::.

    ",,,,d

    DC.

    ce",s h","*
    IA-oO

    fOr

    0..

    w,'1'k1"-'-

    UN\.ck~S'A. p'~

    ~V\

    h."',.......<L.1y

    ......

    ;tl... ..

    "",,"/- ."t/.u.

    ..
    ..-rl---

    inS.'/'" i.,..,j duct..


    o",ct..
    ,..... Iet..
    0."1

    @
    -I

    ~~"

    111

    Tz.= 22."'C

    -----'--'.... ":: Got> "ID


    fAir)],,::: f).s .....!fs
    ------------..1

    -+ -

    AtvALysIS:

    Fr"""",

    Re.l,..,c.-<lAj

    ~lAe'-7'( re-.-k

    0::

    cL.c' ~,~

    i","

    te""'pera-f,.".,re

    e..",

    cl .e '"

    CQj,\,rta..

    0..(,,(>

    w<..v=--I,- 3K
    \IJ
    - - -

    I
    I

    <P,

    f1,.

    fAAIIlca.p/ .:

    DATJ'\:

    o'=
    1;

    ~~r\S

    S~

    ope'A<,t>~

    L:e+e,M.-ol'1e t-"'e.

    FIND;

    S'CH1'(V\A"TIC

    co

    1-"-0

    A"d

    A-S

    dD\.-r-) h.., - A ~t::t


    o Cc.u,/ c
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    IT Code
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    II Check for condensation.


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    II No condenstaion.

    =
    =

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    co 0.01148
    T dP1 = 61.03F
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    a
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    These "o.llAes o.r~ v\oseLj +~e S(A,~~ ~~ ob}o..,Wl.(.l


    ::

    T~.V\

    is So.'hA,V'Q.""e.J elt 2., Pv~: r;(T~) =. 0.01'105 \Qa.'t", ~V\.J.

    "

    M~

    11.(4'(".

    kcrv'

    1.0,'H,5- 0.o~814

    eo : .(g"Z.'Z.[
    ~w

    ,:r

    too_ h 11

    +-

    e..t. '" t

    (W,- W1.)

    h.f3

    0.{)\Ob5(2'.SZ8,Q)- 0.0\1"

    -ZOd + 2.b.'\3 - 4S.SQ'" 0.452 ': -

    ,?>e. ~\

    (2.5"5.3) or 0.00'11 (~2.q~)

    ~1t1'o.) o l I I ! I 4 l - - - - - - - - - - - - ~
    J

    J 2-q

    ""Q,

    (l.) I '" ~e F6~C.~(,o\NIe.tv~c. c~

    ~e.

    r-r

    S'c>ll.I..+t0"" ) +l..\e eV\e~~ lj rMe. ei~+l~""', f'( 2.)) +6-.keS

    ..fo'(M

    frOM

    ~V'"

    (h", l' to hj l, i' ("',-w~) hi.


    ~,~ A- 'I:, (ha, + W h5 ) I ;:' SO." k~/ ks c"-\ fAMet (1,4 TW lt g /1. ~ 42. rrIIctj CD..)."T1u.<.s
    (1...1' whj l. -

    G.~t ~

    42.- 80,b + O.'fS2.

    ~~

    (0.)

    - 3B./S .....Il--

    ITCode

    T1 = 35 11C
    phi1 0.5
    T2=1511C
    phi2 1
    T3 = 15 11C
    P = 1.01325 II bar
    mdota = 1 II Assume a unit mass flow rate.

    =
    =

    w1 = w_Tphi(T1, phi1, p)
    w2 = w_Tphi(T2, phi2, p)
    h1 = ha_Tphi(T1, phi1, p)
    h2 = ha_Tphi(T2, phi2, p)
    psat = Psat_T('WaterISteam", T3)
    h3 = hsat_Px('WaterISteam", psat, 0)
    mdotw I mdota = w1 - w2
    Qdotcv I mdota h2 - h1 + (w1 - w2) * h3

    IT Results

    w1 = 0.01775 kg(v)/kg(a)
    w2 = 0.01066 kg(v)/kg(a)
    h1 = 80.66 kJ/kg(a)
    h2 42.02 kJ/kg(a)
    h3 = 61.93 kJ/kg(a)
    m /m = 0.007085 kg/kg(a)
    w a
    Q 1m = -38.21 kJ/kg(a)

    cv

    ....
    .c:------......f - - - - - - -

    Qc 'l

    M~

    I~'T~

    PROBLEM

    S~d't

    op-e ...." ''hVlj d.A.~ 4r'-c.. 1>ro~. eel -fo". ~ c:Jehu.-...d..t'frer--.


    ':,rvp. (..(."'",,,1 +.. J./~ d.+-..) d . -k ","""",'",e. (A.) .... k.t f\.4.b.
    htJ tT'.. I1S fer f r - ~
    ~"'Ch'~+ Q,.,'r") Uo) -f"'" A...:b. I.AJ ....,. .,. t s co ... d-tl'ls-ec:J. te) c.~~ I"'\U~ u..,,'lo'\' ~
    Pf'1 cv.....olo"'o\~ fv,'C c..v.a. v" t ' (d) C I.#~ ~ ",-In LA.r.'I1., 'Z T.
    /<ft,JOUlN.

    - s-l-.. +-c

    \(f-)owN:

    Op~(',,1'l'M~ dQ.-f.o...

    FI/VD:

    t)~ .. ~ ....... ,.-e

    te r

    (.VI.

    +k~

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    c.ot\d e M$.e el,

    1.6

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    : : - 1

    ~,:7D%

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    <D

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    I

    1"/~ I res~ee

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    -tkt.
    rc..-te..

    *' vel..,.

    S4 ........ -Ied .... o,'s't


    A f r o.'t: Tl
    So.F

    -rk.~

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    ~",er~y.

    (1."\

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    c.....",

    wAhr

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    ""it ......Ut 'f

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    07 (D. S073) : 03 rrl lIDff,,,?'

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    +-. ..... +~d

    (""-eo&.<,

    ] _ o. 0 I No ~)
    ..
    1\0(4.)

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    O,i e 0
    [ "'.6.!G._ o.t"1~

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    Co.. d~",,~cI per

    ,'r

    Q.",d

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    W, -_ O. (,,'2-1.

    elce.. ....,,""';1.", .,f.', ,.ve,


    of. t.;.. ~ft'c. a ...cl poft,,-n... ,
    tv .... .,.~tf. Tke c.o ...de ... SA"f~ ....t 1 I' S S"~::I.
    c.onst~t'\~ +"''''OlA~'''OIl't"'lt I"'t ......
    ~hO\N'" I'"

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    P"uslAl'e re"""Al'tl

    ~
    (..I.

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    ~"I~ ~Vl.-+~\y, ~~$I i"~ f"A.h

    1j

    Ta.,.

    W~y~O

    IN,'t...

    sfu.d" \t... t~

    A+

    Af.)AL.Y'S'S:

    s....e e,

    +_ r

    ..

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    AS'SvllAP"CON'1: t.)
    is 0.+ ste ..
    s. h

    f.... d

    ...'"

    .... o'st

    1;1".II .. t.

    To

    d~ItI1/,"'d"f.e,...

    ~IVG'" J)~7~:
    '
    .......-ee.I.... ~ c.o;'

    ""/4 t ..

    for ""

    prt:>v,'t:led

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    i:

    SCHeMA'TIC

    1j: 80F

    1J

    t '-,

    J ::

    f\.'&.:.

    o. () 0

    P,

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    0.'-" 0 If~fll'" \.. J a.... ~


    o",~, ..ed .fro-

    ... ,

    "9. A-CiE.

    ,'V\1b 6,.(1)
    O.o,N - 0.0076= 0.0078 Ib(y)
    .I,t<t)

    :.

    ::'

    o.ct~-

    llo(a)

    I 01.)""\.1

    Q,v : (~41.-"41)
    w,.f1....

    "",.

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    4-

    W'I,.. "1'- - c..., ~41 -+

    (C.-u:a.)

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    a.... /I"o~
    o.~ .. (5'o.eo)'"
    _ , . 'L.

    -+ S. '&.'3 -

    o.oo7f> (foil.l) It.. ~t

    O,O,S'I(IO'tG..4) T 0.60"78

    + 0.' "#-:: -1r.71

    r.:
    IS'.?I a l-v.. J[o. q i)' uot<l)]
    \....
    \b(.)
    -r.

    I +OV\

    J,oo 8~/Jt,.o ...

    (1'a.O')

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    II ::~ I-

    (A.)

    'Sa il'\sp.e-tr

    (el

    i,.I, BJn./

    b(~)

    ~ ':.

    OY\
    I

    Fi~.

    of-

    ~,- ""'"..:: 0,

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    A-'E:) Gu,::

    O.O/S~-)

    (h~ .... ....,'h 1) a. ~ ~.'l.. 13 h.-./l.bt A


    f'

    ~=H3 ~

    ~""'Y"

    "'5 E1 l'l.)

    IIc:lG) ,

    ~~ A~ e.u.c,11
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    r..u-a

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    -t:- l

    w, - WI.)

    ~ f' e C ~ c.l

    IT Code
    T1 = 80 II of
    phi1 0.7
    T2 = 50 /I OF
    phi2 = 1
    T3 50 /I OF
    P 1 II atm
    mdot1
    1 II Ibis

    =
    =

    w1 = w_Tphi(T1, phi1, p)
    w2 w_Tphi(T2, phi2, p)
    h1 = ha_Tphi(T1, phi1, p)
    h2 = ha_Tphi(T2, phi2, p)
    psat = PsaCT('WaterISteam", T3)
    h3 hsat_Px('WaterISteam", psat, 0)

    mdota = mdot11 ( 1 + w1)


    mdotw I mdota = w1 - w2
    Qdotcv I mdota = (h2 - h1 + (w1 - w2) * h3) * (60 1200) II tons

    It Results

    = 0.01539 Ib(v)/lb(a)
    = 0.007624 Ib(v)/lb(a)
    h 1 = 36.03 Btu/lb(a)
    h2 = 20.23 Btu/lb(a)
    h3 = 17.67 Btu/lb(a)
    m = 0.9848 Ibis
    a
    m = 0.007645 Ibis
    w
    Q = -4.628 tons

    0)1
    0)2

    cv

    ~)

    -'''H... I -'to 0.14::: _IS"c.'S+"'/lb{Cl)

    -h- -tt-.. ~ ~UJ....t I

    ("'q,+ w I, a.),

    W.'i'""-

    to ~et

    ( ~c'i..:. ..) : (, ~A + twL..a)1- - (~~;, e.u "'d)


    ~

    0, OO'T' )
    ~ S I c1' (,1)

    w,a,:::'

    ) .

    1''-&o

    ::'

    ~ -l-bl~

    CJf'4.,--.-h'rt., d ...+~ o.t'< Prt)vidAc::l f'-- A'" ~,',.... CQ",t:L.,j,Q"ter


    ""- .s-h.., '? ' t (\.C ~"e" ~,,- ~ ~ 1.\ t "",..... I lU~ C"~ ~ +WJ"" L--o .tad .
    f.!.!::...E: 1).e ~.........: lI'A (4) -tt....a ~..." ~ .. +- y e IIf -1-...... ""...... e ~i.j, "'5
    q e it v - ' ... oft&1"'.1
    c.t,j -t'- V'#'v~lv.~ .f-<.w ~ -..:I- ~ a,'1"" co"lck'hol1er It'\l~tl ec.) +-~
    ~foc."..d't-S7'--k.

    {(NowN:

    e.v~.."....

    ~k

    -J1-

    w,..~ t4

    c.o"",d c ~~d

    A",d

    r"'SS'llo'\~ t"-voCo\.Sk. ~ ~~~'Kj

    (d)

    -r-'-

    ~f.f

    'f

    h.(~+

    -IrA."'! fv To -re- -....;-

    v"""t,

    'SCWT""I\"tlC ~GII/~tw bl't7A


    Cooling
    coil

    m;

    lr-- L

    Heating
    coil

    ------~

    I
    I

    Moist air :

    ;:lSOG
    ft-:.lb.,.

    rna'
    p=

    12=lOOO/O

    : T 2<T1

    10)2<0)1

    a~

    (\>.-:.10%

    I
    I
    I

    I
    I
    I

    ---f-!>
    I

    I
    I

    I
    I
    I

    I
    I
    I

    1
    I

    P3= I~,.y

    : '3=2lf -c
    : "*"3= '!-O %
    --j--C>
    I
    I
    I
    I

    0)

    I
    I

    Condensate saturated at T2

    T2

    (Dehwnidifier section)

    T3
    Dry-bulb temperature

    (Heating section)

    AS roM P"'t ".H. I T~ <:..A>lo\.h--ol volu"'-te.r ~~~ ~ 0-::&- &~ i~.


    1)..., ~i\! IW~ lMf ~c:.\.vclad ...;~ c..~M( ""'.t..v~ e~, .. "';1 ~ +~ "~c:!A'v\~
    sec-ii "",. '2, Nv ..... ~ C-cM.+to1 V'OtllWlol J We" ~ 0
    4~ll .J:c...~h~ ~ P.D~....l
    (lli'oH'a"\ ~ ..f+c:.t1 L.A..... ~ I ~ cl. 3, ~H 2 J .f'i-. ......, rt- ~,;.. &.0 SO ~~.
    A-f 4f"-'
    V : c:I...; r *" ~ V ",..l:a ci 0 J
    1i.
    .J

    A..4,

    A.~Ac.."r"~'S':

    ~+ S'~y &'~)~.rr r~k h ... LA.I-1.000 01~ IMQ.I

    ~"l':. W'ow+

    lM.\I'a.)

    MW ~

    \MV1.:::''''''\13

    Ac~~c:L..~J Wz.c.~.J I

    MQ" (""1- """a. ) :: ~ ... ( WI

    - ""3)

    z:

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    (~+cJ.)

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    (w l - w'\.) L.,1'1.

    ~:!'::'~ I

    \.oo~1 ttc. -1.8'1 .... 0 .OOlS"tb{'Z)l~~) - D.O,,,=,ql(~2.~ + (0.00''1-)(40.1:1)) ~(A)

    Stfi"1 't<.dV.)/~Y)

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    + w7".l1,l. _ w, '-1a I -+

    c ~11 ~

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    -:.
    -

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    <{04-. I

    12 -f~

    2S(~. Db)

    u.o

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    ?t<.ClSL. ~

    0P-C"#l.-h tt , d4..-fo.. 4r~ prove ded for 0.. CO~ He .....


    b
    GW\.
    (J.f-J-q r ce () I. r.
    t= I IV D: ~ +-"-""""",'"",,,, (A.I ~ ~
    N~ -tv-AKt ~ :ff"D"-;-t...... C'-O~ s.t CIr --ft,
    i-h .r\A(t'ov""d..."'r J (~) +k.c. MAU -:f<:.w ~
    ~ cOl1.
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    t::-tuowN:

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    tt

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    'SCt+~ lo\J\"'C ,

    C;,

    ve N

    1.

    ue""s

    'I> A7.-\:

    Refrigerant circulating
    in a cooling coil

    T2 = 400F
    P3 = 100 Ibflin 2
    2

    Aftercooler

    3
    Air-water vapor
    mixture
    T 3 = 100F

    , = 100%
    P3 = 100 Ibf/in"

    Saturated
    liquid at 100F
    Power in

    Heat
    transfer to
    the surroundings

    "

    --+
    IS hp

    Atmospheric air,
    100 ft3/min at T 1 = 90F,
    2
    CPI =75%, PI = 14.7 Ibflin

    ASSUMP,'oNs: (I) TI1e. Ctl_p'~sro" o....cl II1f+~,.c.eole'(' ope r:.,,+e.sot; s+eA.cI:1 st.. fc. /A.....,,,
    ",e~l.srb'#- l:."'-,..... ~~J ,..... /c....e.,'- o... c:1 p6h .. t-,.., e..e.". ('2.) ''''erc I'~ "'-0 ~n--...y he...t frA"sfe,. b~hv,f'e", +I{t. "'f+erC4>ole~ Q>tel i"~ s .... ,.o"..d "II\,r.
    ANAI..YSIS:

    o;:te ... d:l

    s ......fll.

    \MASS:

    r-..+.. bAI..... t .f 0'"

    c:.o",hl VOIUMeJ

    .e.... <:lo,,..,,

    ""'' c.

    co""pr~ssor A"d o.t+.rc.ooler "'~e ~I-=~."'~~-: ".:, / ..:.",'" ~V'L.J ""'v~:: ~v~+~w.
    Ac.c.... .l...'...~I~I W, = w"\..
    6-"4
    "':"W/~A::' (Cu:a:.-e,.,,3-) ("""l. - "'.,31
    To f....d W, Q." "-' GlU.3 J
    PVI = 4>, ~I:: (0.7\ )(O." q ~~) := OS2 .. , IbiN,,\.
    o.",,j Pv~~ +3> '9..:
    Pt.?> = c. QSb3 \\>f '; ..' 1.. , .........
    1...1,

    ~ O.b'Ll

    T"e. _o.sS'
    ftC)"", ("0. ~~

    rL o.~~'4- l ~
    ,

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    ..

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    .

    ~IL:' ~~,
    ~

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    LIft> - 0.4 70S =O.oo)Ct7 ~


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    (AI("'), _ [14.i_O.Sl 'l l)X,# Urllffl.] ( C60-f 1 ... ,... >
    R T,
    1S''''~.2i.''7 ~t"bU'b1>1l (SSO(t

    4. q C,

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    ~.'",

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    w.-r"'~~~ fr....... "T~ A -2.c J 202ft

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    PR08LE.M 12.18
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    t>c.~c. .. "",,,c floc. ........ "''''t -/


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    IT Results

    IT Code
    w1 = w_Tphi(T1 ,phi1,p)
    h1 ha_Tw(T1,w1)
    va1 = va_Tw(T1,w1 ,p)
    psat = Psat_T('WaterISteam", T2)
    h2 = hsat_Px('WaterISteam", psat, x2)
    w3 = w_Tphi(T3, phi3, p)
    h3 = ha_Tphi(T3, phi3, p)

    T1 = 95 II of
    p = 14.696
    phi1 0.3
    AV1 = 5700 II ff3/min
    T2 = 230 11F
    x2 1
    phi3 = 0.5

    mdota = AV1 I va1


    mdotv = mdota * (w3 - w1)
    o = mdota * (h1 - h3) + mdotv * h2

    = 0.01053 Ib(v)/lb(a)

    0)1

    =
    =
    =

    0.01877 Ib(v)/lb(a)
    h1 34.37 Btu/lb(a)
    h2 1157 Btu/lb(a)
    h3 = 43.9 Btu/lb(a)

    0)3

    til
    til

    a
    2

    =400.9 Ib/min
    = 3.304 Ib/min

    .~---~ '2.

    t ------- T3

    T 3 = 96.79F ......

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    s2 = ssat_Px("WaterISteam", psat, x2)

    IT Code
    T1 = 95 11F
    p1 = 14.696 IlIbf/in. 2
    w1 = 0.01053 IIlb(v)/lb(a)
    mdota 400.9 Illb/min
    T2 = 230 II OF
    x2 = 1
    T3 = 96.79 11F
    p3 = 14.696 IlIbf/in. 2
    w3 = 0.01877 Illb(v)/lb(a)
    To = 555/1 OR

    sigmadot = mdota * (s3 - s1 - (w3 - w1) * s2)


    Edotd = To * sigmadot
    IT Results
    0= 1.526 Btu/minoR

    cv
    E = 846.8 Btu/min . J l l l f f - - - - - - - - - - - d

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    c=tc=s-------

    <b.

    .co Hows :

    '\.$

    va1 = va_Tw(T1,w1,p)
    mdota = (AV1 * 60) I va1
    mdota * w1 + mdotw = mdota * w2
    0= Odot + mdota * (h1 - h2) + mdotw * h3

    p = 1.01325 II bar
    T2 =27
    phi2 = 0.5
    T3 = 33 /I C
    Odot = 34000 II kJ/h
    mdotw = 4.5 II kg/h
    AV1 = 40 II m3/min

    IT Results for (A\/)1 = 40 m3/min


    = 0.01115 kg(v)/kg(a)
    h2 = 55.54 kJ/kg
    h3 = 2561 kJ/kg
    ri1 = 2891 kg(a)/min
    a
    h1 = 39.79 kJ/kg
    (01 = 0.009592 kg(v)/kg(a)
    T 1 = 15.4rC
    ~1 = 0.8758 (87.58%)
    (02

    phi1 = phLTw(T1, w1, p)


    h1 = ha_Tw(T1, w1)
    h2 = ha_Tphi(T2, phi2, p)
    w2 = w_Tphi(T2, phi2, p)
    psat = Psat_T('WaterISteam", T3)
    h3 = hsat_Px('WaterISteam", psat, 1)

    PLOTS:
    100
    24

    90

    22

    80
    70

    20

    60

    ~ 50

    18

    -e-

    16

    40
    30

    14

    20
    12

    10

    10
    35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
    (AVh (m

    3/min)

    35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
    (AV)1 (m3/min)

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    PROBLe~

    1'2.88
    See Example 12.16 for the IT code. To obtain data for the plot, use the Explore button
    to sweep AV2 from 0 to 1400 m3/min in steps of 10.

    PLOT:

    25
    20

    (")

    t-

    10

    200

    400

    600

    800

    1000 1200 1400

    (AV}2 (m3/min)

    Discussion: When (AV)2 approaches 0, there is no flow in stream 2, and the exit
    temperature approaches the value ofT 1 When (AV)z becomes large, the effect of
    stream 1 is reduced and the exit temperature approaches the value of Tz

    /2-112

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    USI\'\~I"') d.S .follows:
    IT Code
    T1 = 33 1/ C
    Twb1 = 29 11C
    T2=16 11C
    Twb2 = 12 11C
    AV2=R*AV1
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    AV1 = 1
    P = 1.01325 II bar
    w1 = w TTwb(T1 ,Twb1 ,p)
    phi1 = phLTw(T1,w1 ,p)
    h1 = ha_Tw(T1 ,w1)
    w2 = w TTwb(T2,Twb2,p)
    phi2 = phLTw(T2,w2,p)
    h2 = ha_Tw(T2,w2)
    phi3 = phLTw(T3,w3,p)
    h3 = ha_Tw(T3,w3)

    AVO"'

    ~5

    Hem.+io'v'. tAi!+'\..\ to.b\4. clC1+~ is Olohc.i~cz.d

    mdota1 = AV1 I va1


    mdota2 = AV2 I va2
    va1 = va_Tw(T1 ,w1.p)
    va2 = va_Tw(T2,w2,p)
    mdota1 + mdota2 = mdota3
    mdota1 * w1 + mdota2 * w2 = mdota3 * w3
    0= mdota1 * h1 + mdota2 * h2 - mdota3 * h3

    IT Results
    (01 = 0.02391 kg(v)/kg(a)
    h 1= 94.37 kJ/kg(a)
    (02 = 0.007106 kg(v)/kg(a)
    h2 = 34.04 kJ/kg(a)
    (03 = 0.01105 kg(v)/kg(a)
    h3= 48.2 kJ/kg(a)
    T 3= 20.08C
    ~3 = 0.7508 (75.08%)

    /2-1)0

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    I. A'V\ u-1+e("V\C1.h\I~ SOI\A..+lO"Y\ +~(;t,+ ~"o\d~


    v...5l'V\~ l T) A..~ follows:

    "tetra..ho", w ii--!A 4-t4bl-e.

    &.~+o.. is 01~\i.1e&

    IT Code
    T1 = 55// of
    phi1 = 0.2
    P = 14.696
    AV1 = 650 /I fP/min
    T3 = 66 /I of
    phi3 =.6
    AV3 = 1500 /I fP/min

    IT Results

    w1 = w_Tphi(T1,phi1,p)
    w2 = w_Tphi(T2,phi2,p)
    w3 = w_Tphi(T3,phi3,p)
    h1 = ha_Tw(T1,w1)
    h2 = ha_Tw(T2,w2)
    h3 = ha_Tw(T3,w3)

    0)1 = 0.001816 Ib(v)/Ib(a)


    0)2 = 0.01328 Ib(v)/Ib(a)
    0)3 = 0.008154Ib(v)/lb(a)
    m = 49.96 Ib(a)/min
    a1

    = 61.79 Ib(a)/min

    = 111.7Ib(a)/min

    a2

    mdota1 = AV1 / va1


    va1 = va_Tw(T1 ,w1.p)
    mdota2 = AV2 / va2
    va2 = va_Tw(T2,w2,p)
    mdota3 = AV3 / va3
    va3 = va_Tw(T3,w3,p)
    mdota3 = mdota1 + mdota2
    mdota1 * w1 + mdota2 * w2 = mdota3 * w3
    mdota1 * h1 + mdota2 * h2 = mdota3 * h3
    mdot2 = (mdota3 - mdota1) * (1 + w2)

    a3

    (AV)2 = 850 fP/min


    T 2= 74.71F
    <P2= 0.7215 (72.15%)
    m = 62.61 Ib/min
    2

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    IT Code

    T1 = 30 11C
    P = 1 II bar
    phi1 = 0.5
    mdot1 = 3 II kg/min
    T2 = 5 II C
    phi2 = 1
    mdot2 = 5 II kg/min
    w1 = w_Tphi(T1,phi1,p)
    w2 = w_Tphi(T2,phi2,p)
    mdota1 = mdot11 (1 + w1)
    mdota2 = mdot21 (1 + w2)
    mdota3 = mdota1 + mdota2
    mdota3 * w3 = mdota1* w1 + mdota2 * w2
    mdota3 * h3 = mdota1* h1 + mdota2 * h2
    h1 = ha_Tw(T1,w1)
    h2 = ha_Tw(T2,w2)
    h3 = ha_TW(T3,w3)
    w3 = w_Tphi(T3,phi3,p)

    k.:l"/~~"')llm\~11 \ kW
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    0= mdota1* s1 + mdota2 * s2 - mdota3 * s3 + sigmadot
    Edotd = To * sigmadot 160
    To = 293
    s1 = sa_Tw(T1,w1,p)
    s2 = sa_Tw(T2,w2,p)
    s3 = sa_Tw(T3,w3,p)
    IT Results

    (J)1 = 0.0135 kg(v)/kg(a)


    (J)2 = 0.005486 kg(v)/kg(a)
    (J)3 = 0.008477 kg(v)/kg(a)

    ri1
    m

    ri1

    a1
    a2
    a3

    = 2.96 kg(a )/min


    = 4.973 kg(a)/min
    = 7.933 kg(a)/min

    0-

    = 0.01009 kJ/min'K
    cv
    T3 = 14.41C
    $3= 0.8167 (81.67%)
    Ed = 0.04926 kW

    '2-120

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    ~~/,w ..) I hAt. a O.'1. ... (qo) ~


    0.444 C"o):. 10 t7"lf 8""'/ '''(\0)
    OA44 (<to):, 1/00. (4(. n4t-.1 'ftC,)

    0.').+ (,"0)
    IOf.lo+
    fOGol't

    = 'i.of.

    "2.1.(,

    tl.n../,/,c,,)

    10 ~ (.c) ... e .1

    E:ll 11.. h"'" (l)

    + 4g. C,<r03

    17. '57 r

    t+I
    14."U& r

    + 22. 5t3,

    r ... ,

    W,:.

    wkU't

    OOO'?':l.;

    o,,,-ci

    w .... ~ o

    r: '2. ) T~

    01'f s-t:f7. FOt"

    :: ;0.'2."

    "F ....,~----- 73

    Cb) The &od-(\ .for -#'e r~~tA.il"'G!c( plct+ Olr~ olokc.':"'e.el \,lSi~ tT, "s foLlows:
    IT Code
    T1 = 60 11F
    P = 1 /I atm
    phi1 0.3
    T2 90 /I of
    phi2 = 0.8

    =
    =

    r= 2
    w1 = w_Tphi(T1 ,phi1 ,p)
    w2 = w_Tphi(T2,phi2,p)
    w3 = w_Tphi(T3,phi3,p)
    h1 = ha_Tw(T1,w1)
    h2 = ha_Tw(T2,w2)
    h3 = ha_Tw(T3,w3)

    IT Results
    001

    = 0.02457 Ib(v)/lb(a)
    = 0.01037 Ib(v)/lb(a)
    <1>3 = 0.6577 (65.77%)
    T 3 = 70.26F

    003

    r * w1 + w2 = (1 + r) * w3
    r * h1 + h2 = (1 + r) * h3

    PlOT

    = 0.003269 Ib(v)/lb(a)

    002

    90 - . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    As r

    -\0 00 ;

    eo'/< pe.c+e.tt.
    80

    '"
    I70

    10

    12.-11.4

    T l -4 T,::. oOClF, &os

    ASSOMffLQt..) 5 ~ (i)

    ike C.Ol1~J vot~me. ~\.t.ow",


    ope.r~+e.s a:t 6+eo..clc1 s+a.-\.e. wi~ G,v: W,,,: 0
    o.~ he~ liS lbl.e. e.f+ecA-s of ltiV\(,Hc. QM.~,
    10~eM.t\Cl\\ ~V\eY1~' (z) e ... c.k ~~.e.~ VlI\ lS

    idtoJ ~ClS

    IN\olJ.~(e.J a..~ A.\.\

    t',

    tu-re. ,(~) t.e,+ 1; =SSSOf.

    (AV) = 3000 ft3jmin


    T= 120F
    p= I atm
    TWb = 85F

    ANA\..'i~: To d~".m'l'\4!. ~e. exena'1 kshu.di~


    rate) we.. +t rs\' f ~x '5+a..fe. :3 Lt~, 'h,j V\'\Cc..S S tl. M
    eV\eN"Cj bc:e-I(M1~S:, M: sfe~~ sWe.
    Q\ r: WV\(\, + ~ Gi't. ~

    "'~

    "'"

    ~v, + ~"'1. -:. ~V3 ~ w, rht..\.1 + W"1, ~c.."L.


    w _ w, ~~, ..... (.01'. ~4'2.

    \.30*&;"

    1"luA..s

    3 -

    At s~t(. I

    ..

    h\o., +

    (I)

    \'y\ Q. 'Z.

    1r,
    ~ PV'/ )
    '~ty)
    1" ~ <f> fa<.T,) ~ 0, S (0, 501 ~) :. O,2.'5?>b S Ibt/",,,,
    ; 0,: .(,22 ~tI.O\O~'Z.--(

    p-p",
    ~.:s, \'l.,'S.3 ~ l'l.SS'} ('esped-\vt'Jj) wltlA. T w .b '2,= TCI,s

    Wi::

    w'- ':

    ,~1. '2.

    r P,<.Twp

    ~'3<'T
    ::. o,0\~o3

    .~~'2.'f+- uJ'1.

    Pv'2.:

    l: I

    '2,)

    2.7-

    [ r - 1'3 <-Twin.)

    Cpa.CT'w'I..-z. - T 'Z.-)

    Mso

    1\'''')

    \J

    To .(.\.~a LV-z, u..~e.

    The..

    w~ ""(\ 3

    -=.

    lu' hl-,<J Twio'2.

    i"

    l' - ~of

    O.

    s~".,

    l4 ."'~l.J

    _J:: 0. 0
    - .sq"'" J

    '2,

    ~3 '2.

    = O.1.4( 85-l2.0)1"" (0,0'2."';'2,) (1045 ,"IS)

    "'3. S -

    (.TwllJt..)

    53.08

    Ib(A,)

    -::. (0. OIl3~.:~C\4,1o~~)

    O,"t\4

    lbHI~~

    nJ-e.s ~(l, ~ -Mq'Z,. ClV"~


    _ (p- Pv, ) (P;\i) I (14.(01'" - 0.2-'5 3,"5') Ibf/liA~ c z.-no ~o/~'''')1144

    \'\"Ass .(:.lou)

    'IY\,\, -

    ""

    R~ 1\

    (ISiS. F~lb{. \ (540o~)

    j"'71

    I f;.z

    lloo..

    2,.8.'1'

    'b(~)

    :: 200 -

    1In\~

    (t4.C.qfcJ-OA\4)(3000~ll4!..1 :ltlt.t.'5 lb~c.)

    ::

    (1'S41S )
    -z..8.'l,

    011.

    ~A'" ~.,

    -,:

    (580)

    met, +- M~ ..... -::.

    3'llf.5

    .I

    1\>\-'''''-

    ~~e..\
    t1I\\ l-\

    At s+ea..~j 5kk ,the e~vu"'t:) \A.-te. bCllOv~e. re.tLuce~-\-o

    o :Jt:vo_,JK::/" +L~AI~\",+'t~"1 ~v,-l ~ [Mc.'1.~4",-+ V'Av~\--.v"Ll- (~G(3ka::.+~v3h"31

    T~MS

    0:'
    Or

    M~~ (~, +w. ~ 5,1 +- ~Q.'2. t \rI~'1. +-l.O7,.hj ,.1- mGlJ t

    "'tV!, -\0 tV'! h~

    til

    W\

    h<A.~+W3\-)5-~: w-.:~(~4t,+w,,,,~,l+ ::~l~'\2.+W~.h:\'l..1


    12-'25

    (2)

    12. 'leo

    PRoG(,eA!\

    (ClMt'ot)

    U~\~j +~Q.. re.~lllt 'O~ "Pl"obk~ 12.10, htt+(,vh5 =-

    0.'2.4

    T+ W(I()~" + O.444T).

    TIr\IAS>

    V)et,+WI~'51: 3\.1'14 6~Jlb(~'


    ~o.'1.+w'Z,."~1..: 49.8'\ ~/lb(",)

    (z.), ~ 1A.~IM9 ~.C.I) +0

    F{"CNY\

    ~~1

    'HA,)"!)

    ,t..t

    uJ3 ~ o.ol+f1 \blvlltb(~)

    \V\'5 ~::. (2.0


    C l
    (Iq'i. 5 )
    3Q<f.S 1( 31.1'4) +- 3'~. s (tt,Q.8<i) :

    -"..

    40.021 -v ~3 :. 100.' lD F 4---T

    The. e)(e-Y'~'1 de.s+rlA.c..~ rette 'lS Ec(::. To o-c.y llU~C.'t'e Q-c.v is -t~e.e'V\tror~ pf'od.udw~ ("'t(,,1e,
    fy-oM 0,11\ e,\I\:\'rop'j too..\o.M.ce \,..)~lck 0..+-. StQ4dj 5-k:tie ta.k.es f"'~ -+OYM

    "
    "T
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    S'v (1jPI')~

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    (Tl)

    'S9(7") - R/MV

    'J

    'T

    IT"c ,

    .. ~t1.3 Gt.>J SV('~~,) _..:.., (I.I."V (l.,P,,) -

    Lc....<p ) o."d ~SI'~.s E~. r...~' .(0,. ..a..(' .l~~

    rtc y ':. ~l\lql


    ..I",!L - E.. I", P_:q -t~4l.fc.p..l .. '!i_ .i..t......~] "'" w..., W 3 [',tT
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    "1',
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    Ta.
    ~

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    .......

    -""0,\. W" Sy tr'l t'w\.)

    E-" I", ~I)-

    -,

    '-'",,10<. C~.t~..
    tr.). K. J"..4,7-~.'a.~[S.(Tt.)-i.
    104.
    FrOM Above. Pet,::: P-P." ~ J4.~qC.- 0.'253'5 ~ 14.44'2..
    f~'1.:' t>-p"z,:' 14.'2.6'2..
    o
    W3 P
    4
    / . '&..
    IVl:' .101:Z.t<.c>3: C.33 'fblllA.
    r~~::. P-YV) ~\4.~Co2. ,\"+"',,,~

    ,,,,4.

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    c.:r)

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    =>

    ::r~s~\-h~~
    (])

    vo..llAes.

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    ~v ~ 2oo[ o:z.41" ~l
    - ,.~8"
    540
    1.8."

    \"

    \4."j~1:.
    1+ I~Cf.SrO.2A I", 5(,0.1
    _ "8_ tl\ 14.Z."2. 1+
    1J:t'.441seo z.8.tt1
    14!t.282.

    3QQ.5 (0.01 441> [l.l\8 ICf5 -

    Il::~ ll/\

    - \q'l.s(o.od~o~) l,.'l3~(.

    -~

    F,'""" n.')
    Ed. ':. ToO-c."
    I.The ~llot.U'lI\'3 loS

    ':. (5S~ )(c.o001q)


    &!l,

    MU.~ ~\""p'(.Y"

    IT Code
    T1 = 80 /I OF
    P = 1 /I atm
    phi1 = 0.5
    AV1 = 2770 /I ft"/min
    va1 = va_Tw(T1,w1,p)
    mdota1 = AV11 va1
    w1 = w_Tphi(T1,phi1,p)
    T2 = 120 11F
    Twb2 = 85 11F
    phi12 = phLTw(T2,w2,p)
    w2 = w_TTwb(T2,Twb2,p)
    AV2 = 3000 II ft"/min
    va2 = va_ Tw(T2,w2,p)

    ~."..

    t~.o"2.

    O.3S04]-ZOD(O.OlOtf2) [2.035,,_1.'\6" 111\

    l", 0:2.44] ': D.oBo1~ IlM/rr;",

    /l!l.O~

    05]

    = 4484 BkA/~,u'i;\ 4
    E-J..
    ~oll.L.+101A. fu-t u.ses +ke 'P~~'Meh-i" ftA,\,\c,+-i.oV\s llA IT~

    mdota2 = AV21 va2


    mdota3 = mdota1 + mdota2
    mdota3 * w3 = mdota1 * w1 + mdota2 * w2

    IT Results
    = 0.01091 Ib(v)/Ib(a)
    = 0.01799Ib(v)/Ib(a)
    $2 = 0.2441 (24.41%)
    (il3 = 0.01445 Ib(v)/lb(a)
    (ill
    (il2

    mdota3 * h3 = mdota1 * h1 + mdota2 * h2


    h1 = ha_Tw(T1,w1)
    h2 = ha_Tw(T2,w2)
    h3 = ha_Tw(T3,w3)
    0= mdota1 * s1 + mdota2 * s2 - mdota3 * s3 + sigmadot
    st = sa_Tw(T1,w1,p)
    s2 = sa_Tw(T2,w2,p)
    s3 = sa_Tw(T3,w3,p)
    Edotd = To * sigmadot
    To = 80 + 460

    rh
    = 200.1 Ib(a)/min
    a1
    rh
    = 199.6Ib(a)/min
    a2

    m
    = 399.7Ib(a)/min
    a3
    h1 = 31.13 Btu/lb(a)
    h2 = 48.8 Btu/lb(a)
    h3 = 39.95 Btu/lb(a)

    et

    cv

    = 0.08154 Btu/minoR

    T3=100.1F

    12-12{,

    = 45.26 Btu/min

    KNOWN:

    p-er.. f\",,~

    s-e r v i ee e

    S'CH-T ~"" 1/(' of,

    ""'P

    ~ IV

    fo('" -

    ~ c:L

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    pow-Qr'PL~l'\t,

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    -----~

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    PRo6L6M 12.ct 8 (C<M,I 'cA,)


    IT Code
    T1 = 120 11F
    mdot1 = 140 II Ibis
    T2 = 80 /I of
    T3 = 80 11F
    p3 = 14.696 II Ibf/in2
    phi3 = 0.3
    T4=100 11F
    p4 = p3
    phi4 = 1.0
    h1 = hsaCPx('WaterISteam", psat1, 0)
    psat1 = PsaCT('WaterISteam", T1)
    h2 = hsaCPx('WaterISteam", psat2, 0)
    psat2 = Psat_T('WaterISteam", T2)
    w3 = w_Tphi(T3,phi3,p3)
    h3 = ha_Tw(T3,w3)
    w4 = w_Tphi(T4,phi4,p4)
    h4 = ha_Tw(T4,w4)

    IT Results for T 2 = 80F


    = 0.006503 Ib(v)/lb(a)
    = 0.04265 Ib(v)/Ib(a)
    m = 135.3 Ibis

    0)3

    mdota3 = mdota4
    mdot1 + w3 * mdota3 = mdot2 + w4 * mdota4
    o = mdota3 * h3 + mdot1 * h1 - mdota4 * h4 mdot2 * h2
    mdota = mdota3 * 3600 /I Ib/h

    0)4

    m = 4.72E5 Ib/h
    a

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    h3 = ha_Tw(T3,w3)
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    h4 = ha_Tw(T4,w4)
    h5 = hsaCPx('WaterISteam", psat5, 0)
    psat5 = Psat_T('WaterISteam", T5)

    ITCode
    T1 = 100 II of
    AV1 = 200 II gal/min
    T2 80 II of
    T3 80 II of
    Twb3 60 II of
    T4 90 II OF
    phi4 = 0.9
    T5 80 II of
    P = 14.696 II Ibf/in2

    =
    =
    =
    =
    =

    mdot5 = mdota * (w4 - w3)


    mdot1 = AV1 * 0.13368 I v1 II Ib/min
    o = mdota * (h3 - M) + mdot5 * h5 + mdot1 * (h1 - h2)

    IT Results for T?

    h1 = hsat_Px('WaterISteam", psat1, 0)
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    v1 vsaCPx("WaterISteam", psat1, 0)
    h2 hsat_Px('WaterISteam", psat2, 0)
    psat2 = Psat_T('WaterISteam", T2)
    w3 = w_TTwb(T3,Twb3,p)

    = 0.006453 Ib(v)/lb(a)
    = 0.02778 Ib(v)/lb(a)
    T 2 = 80F
    m 1343 Ib(a)/min
    a
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    1

    CHAPTER
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    (2)
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    IT Code
    T = 20 11C
    pv = 0.10358 /I bar
    Tdp Tsat_P('Water/Steam", pv)
    ncond = 5 - nv
    pg * 43.41/ (1.01325 - pg)
    nv
    pg Psat_T("Water/Steam", T)

    =
    =
    =

    IT Results for T = 20C


    TdP = 46.5C
    n, = 1.026 bar
    pg = 0.02339 bar
    ncond = 3.974 kmol(water)/kmol(fuel)

    PloT:
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    2.-4- O.C>SI3t 11."113::

    hj

    ~ o . 34-2..7 n~ol l"(l.p<>~)/ H,MA)I (f.t,le.()


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    \1\c tt:' (:z. - 0.341-') I bMOl 18.02. \b
    tJl\

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    ~

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    IT Code
    T = 70 11F
    AF = 15 II kg(air) I kg(fuel)
    alpha AF * (28.05/28.97) 14.76
    pctXS alpha - 3) I 3) * 100
    ndry 2 + (alpha - 3) + alpha * 3.76
    pv = PsaCT('WaterISteam",
    pv = (nv I (nv + ndry * 14.696
    mcond = (2 - nv) * 18.02 IIlb(water) Ilbmol(fuel)

    =
    =
    =

    IT Results for AF = 15, T = 70F


    o: = 3.051

    % excess air = 1.706 %


    ndry = 13.52 Ibmol(dry prod.)/lbmol(fuel)
    Pv 0.3632 Ibf/in. 2
    n,
    0.3427 Ibmol(water vap.)/lbmol(fuel)
    mcond 29.86 Ib(water)/lbmol(fuel)

    pLoT:
    30
    ~

    (j)
    :J

    :=.. 25
    0

    E
    -..

    :3

    20

    ....

    Q)

    ro
    3

    15
    AF
    AF
    AF
    AF

    10

    -e

    c:
    0
    0

    = 15
    =20
    =25
    =30

    0
    70

    75

    80

    85

    90

    95

    T (OF)

    /3-/4

    100

    l T J as fo \(.ows '.

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    ITCode
    T1 = 25 + 273 /I K
    T2 = 227 + 273 /I K
    hfo fuel = -277690 II from Table A-25
    Qdot = -3.75E05
    ndotjuel = 25 I 46.07 /I kmol/s
    0= Qdot I ndot fuel + hfuel + 2.5 * h02 2 +
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    hfuel = hfo_fuel
    h02_2 = h_T("02", T2)
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    hH20_3 = h_T("H20", T3)
    hN2_3 = h_T("N2", T3)

    IT Result
    T3 = 993.7 K

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    dc.+r:o.. fr(J\-.(~ A-l..3) 72, -=. 19roC ~~~------

    +ala Ie et(ll -f.",

    T1 = 25 11C
    T3 797
    T4 662 /I C

    =
    =

    ~Jc ~

    (~. 78 j;; t-''1.(T~ ) ~

    IT Code

    =
    =

    -+ I~. 7~ [~(T~ ) - Sl,{,"l]JJ"2..,


    j'q 2..("

    dl/....

    ~ Y~tll d r

    - [~CCl. .

    L~ (Ta.) _ &'G. i't.] 0:1.

    s~ ..~ ~+A.t-e.

    ir, ~7c.. /A..Acl,t


    IJ'L acc..eNf'.....~
    (+) Tl.--J all" A.lAcl ~ c..ow-but{-l",

    (3.4 h()~ of t~.131loJJ, ~ l ~of 1:o~ -t1~.:78 ~ ",'&.12.

    3 . .6r

    i~ c.i-

    ~of~f,' W

    ilt\~,..t.

    o--J

    ~ "'" l:, u r h""" e.u;f-1-,

    A..... e v--rjl ~ \0 ... 1 Q..,..

    Steam

    & lCt"'-A.h~/foH ... h.....t ~e-.e"'5>' ~f~eT-r 4Y~ "'~r'5Ih/~.

    Cq)v-p(~h .....,.-f"'- 170%

    e..o ""1J I~ ~

    Cl-\.q

    0=

    e"'~""'j~

    'J

    <:e>,,"+;-O'

    (,) T~

    Ats'U(\..\\-'''''ONS:

    ~Oo.c""-

    kt~~r.

    Boiler

    Feedwater

    (~)

    pre

    =?

    (t:t 351<)

    ror+......

    a, .......

    dI.",d

    ~IVl'1-J 1)jl>.,7t\:

    (l.)

    b-o,.l~r

    o:

    CCAAA...

    10<.

    0..

    v 0 \."d e cJ. h"j

    loB I ~3 l ~

    as -to Ltc w s:

    hN2_3 = h_T(IN2".T3)
    hC02_4 = h_T("C02",T4)
    hH20_4 = h_T(IH20",T4)
    h02_4 = h_T(I02",T4)
    t1,T4)
    hN2_4 = h_T( tlN2
    0= (3.4 * h02_1 + 12.. 78 * hN2_1) - (3.4 * h02_2 + 12.78 * hN2_2) +
    (hC02_3 + 2 * hH20_3 + 1.4 * h02_3 + 12.78 * hN2_3) (hC02_4 + 2 * hH20_4 + 1.4 * h02_4 + 12.78 * hN2_4)

    IT Result
    T 2 = 196.4C

    J 3-48

    rlfJid

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    ASS'UMPIION,~~
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    4-2..Sl!

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    ---i....,.S-.o~8-

    = -81tJ,5,O

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    =. - ~15,1"5

    0k4/ IbW\ol (~u:e()

    rite. dcd"" k'(' title rL~u.\V"e.J ,1of c.'('Q..


    obkA.~II\&.(,( (..(~ii\4J IT', 4$ follows "

    PLDT:

    IT Code

    880000 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    T = 500 /I of

    ,n
    ,n

    hC02 = h_T(IOC02IO
    hH20 h_T(IOH20 IO
    hC3H8 = - 44680 + (0.41) * (44.04) * (T - 77)
    h02 = h_T(1002 IO

    ,n

    878000

    Qi

    (5

    876000

    .c

    ....

    :::J

    -hRP = 3 * hC02 + 4 * hH20 - hC3H8 - 5 * h02

    IT Reults for T = 500F

    iIi 874000
    ~

    "7

    872000

    - hRP = 8.751 x 10 Btu / Ibmol (fuel)

    O-r--r----r--,--..,..----,--,---,--..-----J
    50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

    T (OF)

    "'(of-. .fkc.....t

    l-.~,. v~Y1e..s Ot\.l; sli ,kt\~ wi""'- ..Le.'Mf4u,,,~ '11.\ ~ \"a.~e. Skew".

    '*"

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    IT Code

    346000

    T = 900 1/ OR

    n
    n

    hC02 = h_T("C02",
    hH20 = h_T("H20",
    hCH4 = -32210 + 4.52 * (T - 537) +
    (7.37 / 2000) * (T"2 - 537"2)
    h02 = h_T("02",

    345000

    Q)
    ::::l

    :=.
    344000
    (5
    E

    ::e

    ::::l

    343000

    iii

    -hRP = hC02 + 2 * hH20 - hCH4 - 2 * h02


    IT result for T = 900

    0R

    o,

    a::

    342000

    s:

    341000

    - hRP = 3.442 x 10 Btu / Ibmol(fuel)

    0
    500

    700

    900

    1100

    1300

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    ey--t

    73 =1647 k

    ~e.l CS Coe~h'6(fl). (!SH 18 +- l2.S( 1+ ~)~ ~.:t3.1Ct ).:>.,..l-lf BCDz.t-q&\.,.D + l~~: 02,+ 12..s0+~~'1")tJ1...

    o.M!
    8

    JJz.

    00 )(3.11

    (t.('T~)-1\ttJ1)1
    .

    +q Gl.T,) -\:O.'i'c\]

    ~~

    +'~.5(1+~)(3.16) [~(T)'-~(1JUn
    SCll,,\""~ ~

    1'= lOOO(o

    ~o
    ~~

    '3 =-1'501.

    -+ \2\OD
    :5')( C~(T!- k('1.~g) J
    0

    :.

    \h~t
    ~

    )- e~f\~ -

    ~~~a

    (t~)~'Z-OlQ)
    r
    ~

    Ike. dtLTh .f.o..c- +"'~ v'"~lillt'"aJ flal=s

    aA,e..

    obJ.o.~ (,(S'~5 IT)

    AS

    .foLlOlAS".

    IT Code

    T = 25 + 273.15 II K
    x=1
    PCT = x * 100
    Part (a)
    0= - hC02_3 - x * h02_3 - (1+x) * 3.76 * hN2_3
    hC02_3 = h_T("C02",Tp)
    h02_3 = h_T("02", Tp)
    hN2_3 = h_T("N2", Tp)
    Result for x = 100%: Tp = 1507 K
    Part (b)
    0=- hH20_3 - (x/2) * h02_3 - 1+x) I 2) * 3.76 * hN2_3
    hH20_3 = h_T("H20",Tp)
    h02_3 = h_T("02",Tp)
    hN2_3 = h_T("N2",Tp)
    Result for x = 100%: Tp=1647K part (b)
    Part (e)
    0= hC8H18_1 - 8 * hC02_3 - 9 * hH20_3 - 12.5 * x * h02_3 - 12.5 * (1+x) * 3.76 * hN2_3
    hC8H18_1 = -249910 II Table A-25
    hC02_3 = h_T("C02",Tp)
    . hH20_3 = h_T("H20",Tp)
    h02_3 = h_T("02",Tp)
    hN2_3 = h_T("N2",Tp)
    Result for x = 100%: Tp = 1507 K part(c)

    PLOTS',
    2500
    2000
    1500

    52
    ~
    '"

    1000
    -*- Carbon (C)

    500

    --+- H2
    -8--

    C8H18 (.e )

    50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500


    % excess air

    l3-(p(

    C3t-f8(~)

    Kt-:)OWH.

    aot" '2'S()I.+-"--

    u>~11

    Qr'"

    w,+t,...

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    "''''

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    rec.cf-o r: ~ b" ... ~

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    'Sc*~,",,"'Tlcd.

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    A+- S ~ <S
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    A-2.E>

    + Ig8 '" ~ \J'l. (73) s: - , 0'3 I ystJ - s l-S'1~ s ~ - c::n'-4- ]


    - ~(-:lA', t'\.o - <:t'i'oq.] ~<,,,,-,ll%C:.~t)-I'??V\ cr'-b'l)

    3h (!JoI.(')) + 4~ \h.o(-r3) + 5'("'-1) ~ 01. t-r3) "'* \&. ~J. \J,..L-r!)::<' ~) til) fllq ~

    'T 43/410 (1, - 1) -+

    .s~-Pc.CoJuJ..o.fl(lVl. USi"', T~ A-t'3 c:!.~~~~

    UJ~ 1.f!-f ~

    Tke. cloA-o.. t&r ~ v'"~~eo<. plot

    c.e..o.L V\

    ore o6k". eJ.

    13-bZ

    Us \

    "'5

    =-1. i.)

    l I) a S

    "yt"'1h.

    = ~1'2-Si<..

    .ce lbs :

    P({t>6L6M 13.58

    (~r'a(.)

    IT Code

    n = 120 II % theoretical air


    0= hfo_C3H8 - 3 * hC02_3 - 4 * hH20_3 - 5*(n/100 - 1) * h02_3 - 18.8 * n/100 * hN2_3
    hfo_C3H8 = -103850 II Table A-25
    hC02_3 = h_T("C02", T3)
    hH20_3 = h_T("H20",T3)
    h02_3 = h_T("02",T3)
    hN2_3 = h_T("N2",T3)
    IT Result for n = 120%

    T 3 = 2124 K
    f'LOT :

    2500 , . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    2000
    1500
    ~

    1000
    500
    O-+---.-..,.---r--,...----,---"T--.,...--,---,--,----,--~--,--........_l

    100

    200

    300

    % theoretical air

    13-'- 3

    400

    I<~O"'H.,:

    I-/2,."t.

    Of

    ~:

    PJo~

    sc~eMAilC

    ' ' +.... ,-"..

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    ~,.s

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    ....

    r~ .. el'o......... 1011 .....3

    ~"h,..,,,,, ",t, 77 0 /5 /.

    Air

    +,-u,e+\cAI

    (!O-pl.,.pl:;,

    tu.oof"-

    I(

    "'" ,

    .flAMe.. +elMpUOf.. fe. for

    f-r-o .... 100 +0400 Cl/O

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    ." . I.,...
    Air

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    ASSUMP"TIONS: CI,)
    sh~ ..d:t

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    cs

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    0 ...

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    -#"""1' I,tc........s

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    (I)

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    ~4~ C()..\~lI'\o'\; <.u;~~~ f.,- T~ A-U

    +11- ~

    \(-:2 j

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    1\...e.. W'" ~ ~ r~u,.,e..-l. ple~


    IT Code
    X

    o~e ~

    oJ'-e

    PL.OT":

    IT Result for x = 200%


    T3

    =2964 OR

    \~ IT

    dS.

    ~ ll()(,O$ :

    5000

    = 200 II % theoretical air

    0= hH20 3 + 0.5 * (x/100 - 1) * h02_3


    + 1:88 * x/100 * hN2_3
    hH20_3 = h_T(IH20",T3)
    h02_3 = h_T(I02",T3)
    hN2_3 = h_T("N2",T3)

    I).C

    4000
    3000
    ~

    e.....O)

    I-

    2000
    1000
    0
    100

    200

    300

    400

    % theoretical air

    -rl.te.. e.'tC~,~ Gl'W" kteJ.~ .J.o 'Mo'f. C)"1.~ t-J'l.. lV. ~ ff"~<i\ . . .ds) ~ IOlPttn\\j fu..
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    C.O.... pl~ t~('1 tAl .......

    fA t ....

    "'3 ..".1 !YO ....

    .....

    100

    +0

    40((

    lb

    l:>"'\7"9:

    ~LLL~Li'C-

    0-1+
    Z.SOC)IA''''

    0/

    ~~

    ~ 11
    fkftl,Ai,.

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    .+:b":----I..~

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    All" ~'4
    '111:.1, .... "':'\-\f"' 6 '" JA. .. ~ ",oi\"j~t.'"
    ""1::0 frv O~At<lt-J'l.t'L..", h~u_t"J
    o e, tho.'Jr.1+"'l + l 0 ) - H:'1.f 04 t, ("1i) -\; l1..~f)J COl T 2. [T.i.(.1 (11 ) - ~ (1.."\1 J] 101&.0 -+
    '1 {'f.-I ) L t tT)- t (1.l\UJ
    o l' i.n)( t 1\ ('6) -\; p,qU] t-J J
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    ~ (It-I) ~ (~~) ~in)C
    0..:

    +-.. . f1-

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    -7+J ~O - t-'141JSlO -~, 1(,,4 J

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    The c1.A,t-e.. ~

    tA.+\ (p..

    (.,~ '" V. ':. 7..)

    13 ~

    -HM ,<~i,re(( plot-

    "'1..[-~'lfrW-'M04] -+
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    :0.

    S-o.~ c.....\ c..c..\

    iW" ().Cli)

    S'SIJ+tl._-+ 17!.,,"f(t-l) ~ <.5' Iq I

    H6l k

    axe. oloto.~\I\e! lJ.-D \~~ l T J AS k>lu,lI\SS ~

    13-lPS

    )C

    IT Code
    T1 = 25 + 273.15 /I K
    x = 200 II % theoretical air
    0= hCH4_1 - (hC02_3 + 2 * hH20_3 + 2 * (x/100 - 1) * h02_3 + 7.52 * x/100 * hN2_3)
    hCH4_1 = h_T("CH4",T1)
    hC02_3 = h_T("C02",T3)
    hH20_3 = h_T("H20",T3)
    h02_3 = h_T("02",T3)
    hN2_3 = h_T("N2",T3)

    IT Results for x = 200%


    T3= 1481 K
    PLOT '.

    2500
    2000
    1500

    SZ
    ~

    '" 1000

    I-

    500
    O-+-...---,---.,.--,r--r---,----r-----r---,.--,-....,--,---r--.,...-----.j

    100

    200

    300

    400

    % theoretical air

    ThQ. e~c.~~s air \e.~ +0 \More 07..4M.~ Nz.. 'fA. ~ f'C"od-M.e-fs ~ tt..e..",.e~'j leweV'\lAj ~
    ~o..\oo.\-i." -f\~ ~Mp0ra.w..f~ > a.s t.}Gpe.cke &.

    'P'R.0!3LE M /3,CoI
    /~fw., e"d.u a~ '''''S&4.[.+e d (eacforof4rA1-J'Y\~ at s~4yst-.fQ..
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    'A

    :/

    I:.L

    ~I

    2.

    +"'
    0.A'"
    1.)c,14t~

    r/

    '/

    1/

    1T/77T//7T/ -/7"1/

    AS~UMP11l)N~.lI)T"~ co~!""o 1 \fclu_c r k.",., ~ ;11\ -t"'- AU C Wop .""':1 ....., f,.,v..e opp",".J dot
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    1?;.78

    PROBLE IV]

    ct&\.-f-b....
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    /3,71

    PRoBLE H
    r-NOLJ-.'("';:

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    (6.)

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    H~/tJ2..Fud cell cd- d-e-..d:; s~

    0e d<ve1of'ed i{2
    '8COK)(b)400te)(c)5 DO K .
    (.j<.)<.;.-ie:-

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    T = 300 11K
    P = 1.01325 II bar

    =-

    CD

    WdoCmax
    hfo_H20 + delh_H2 + .5 * delh_02 - delh_H20 - T * (so H2 + .5 * so 02 -so H20)
    hfo_H20 = h_T("H20",298.15)
    -delh_H2 h_T("H2",n - h_T("H2",298.15)
    delh_02 = h_T("02",n - h_T("02",298.15)
    h_T("H20",n - h_T("H20",298.15)
    delh_H20
    so_H2 5_TP("H2",T,p)
    5o_02 5_TP("02",T,p)
    so_H20 5_TP("H20",T,p)

    =
    =
    =
    =
    =

    13-'1IP

    T = 300 K

    [~h]H

    [~h]H

    T = 500 K

    (kJ/kmol)

    53.39

    2955

    5877

    (kJ/kmol)

    62.04

    3449

    6918

    (kJ/kmol)

    54.36

    3030

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    -2.418E5

    -2.418E5

    -2.418E5

    130.7

    139.1

    145.6

    188.9

    198.7

    206.4

    205.2

    213.8

    220.6

    2.285E5

    2.239E5

    2.191E5

    2
    2

    [~h]O

    T = 400 K

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    ASSUMPTIONS: (,1)

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    C
    ER
    FOURTEEN
    CHEMICAL AND

    PHASE
    EQULIBRIUM

    S~II~"'AI

    7'",

    c~ I-~'" J vI-

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    Ideal Gas Properties of Hydrogen, H 2

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    SO (kJ /kmol . K)

    260
    270
    280
    290

    7,370
    7,657
    7,945
    8,233

    5,209
    5,412
    5,617
    5,822

    126.636
    127.719
    128.765
    129.775

    1440
    1480
    1520
    1560
    1600

    42,808
    44,091
    45,384
    46,683
    47,990

    30,835
    31,786
    32,746
    33,713
    34,687

    177.410
    178.291
    179.153
    179.995
    180.820

    298
    300
    320
    340
    360

    8,468
    8,522
    9,100
    9,680
    10,262

    5,989
    6,027
    6,440
    6,853
    7,268

    130.574
    130.754
    132.621
    134.378
    136.039

    1640
    1680
    1720
    1760
    1800

    49,303
    50,662
    51,947
    53,279
    54,618

    35,668
    36,654
    37,646
    38,645
    39,652

    181.632
    182.428
    183.208
    183.973
    184.724

    380
    400
    420
    440
    460

    10,843
    11,426
    12,010
    12,594
    13,179

    7,684
    8,100
    8,518
    8,936
    9,355

    137.612
    139.106
    140.529
    141.888
    143.187

    1840
    1880
    1920
    1960
    2000

    55,962
    57,311
    58,668
    60,031
    61,400

    40,663
    41,680
    42,705
    43,735
    44,771

    185.463
    186.190
    186.904
    187.607
    188.297

    480
    500
    520
    560
    600

    13,764
    14,350
    14,935
    16,107
    17,280

    9,773
    10,193
    10,611
    11,451
    12,291

    144.432
    145.628
    146.775
    148.945
    150.968

    2050
    2100
    2150
    2200
    2250

    63,119
    64,847
    66,584
    68,328
    70,080

    46,074
    47,386
    48,708
    50,037
    51,373

    189.148
    189.979
    190.796
    191.598
    192.385

    640
    680
    720
    760
    800

    18,453
    19,630
    20,807
    21,988
    23,171

    13,133
    13,976
    14,821
    15,669
    16,520

    152.863
    154.645
    156.328
    157.923
    159.440

    2300
    2350
    2400
    2450
    2500

    71,839
    73,608
    75,383
    77,168
    78,960

    52,716
    54,069
    55,429
    56,798
    58,175

    193.159
    193.921
    194.669
    195.403
    196.125

    840
    880
    920
    960
    1000

    24,359
    25,551
    26,747
    27,948
    29,154

    17,375
    18,235
    19,098
    19,966
    20,839

    160.891
    162.277
    163.607
    164.884
    166.114

    2550
    2600
    2650
    2700
    2750

    80,755
    82,558
    84,386
    86,186
    88,008

    59,554
    60,941
    62,335
    63,737
    65,144

    196.837
    197.539
    198.229
    198.907
    199.575

    1040
    1080
    1120
    1160
    1200

    30,364
    31,580
    32,802
    34,028
    35,262

    21,717
    22,601
    23,490
    24,384
    25,284

    167.300
    168.449
    169.560
    170.636
    171.682

    2800
    2850
    2900
    2950
    3000

    89,838
    91,671
    93,512
    95,358
    97,211

    66,558
    67,976
    69,401
    70,831
    72,268

    200.234
    200.885
    201.527
    202.157
    202.778

    1240
    1280
    1320
    1360
    1400

    36,502
    37,749
    39,002
    40,263
    41,530

    26,192
    27,106
    28,027
    28,955
    29,889

    172.698
    173.687
    174.652
    175.593
    176.510

    3050
    3100
    3150
    3200
    3250

    99,065
    100,926
    102,793
    104,667
    106,545

    73,707
    75,152
    76,604
    78,061
    79,523

    203.391
    203.995
    204.592
    205.181
    205.765

    14- .

    &'lI\j

    E:~~ liS ~

    TeR),

    Ideal Gas Properties of Hydrogen, H 2

    fi and u(Btu/lbmol), sO(Btu/lbmol OR)

    [fir = 0 Btu/lbmol]
    h

    Ii

    SO

    300
    320
    340
    360
    380

    2063.5
    2189.4
    2317.2
    2446.8
    2577.8

    1467.7
    1553.9
    1642.0
    1731.9
    1823.2

    27.337
    27.742
    28.130
    28.501
    28.856

    1400
    1500
    1600
    1700
    1800

    9673.8
    10381.5
    11092.5
    11807.4
    12526.8

    6893.6
    7402.7
    7915.1
    8431.4
    8952.2

    37.883
    38.372
    38.830
    39.264
    39.675

    400
    420
    440
    460
    480

    2710.2
    2843.7
    2978.1
    3113.5
    3249.4

    1915.8
    2009.6
    2104.3
    2200.0
    2296.2

    29.195
    29.520
    29.833
    30.133
    30.424

    1900
    2000
    2100
    2200
    2300

    13250.9
    13980.1
    14714.5
    15454.4
    16199.8

    9477.8
    10008.4
    10544.2
    11085.5
    11632.3

    40.067
    40.441
    40.799
    41.143
    41.475

    500
    520
    537
    540
    560

    3386.1
    3523.2
    3640.3
    3660.9
    3798.8

    2393.2
    2490.6
    2573.9
    2588.5
    2686.7

    30.703
    30.972
    31.194
    31.232
    31.482

    2400
    2500
    2600
    2700
    2800

    16950.6
    17707.3
    18469.7
    19237.8
    20011.8

    12184.5
    12742.6
    13306.4
    13876.0
    14451.4

    41.794
    42.104
    42.403
    42.692
    42.973

    580
    600
    620
    640
    660

    3937.1
    4075.6
    4214.3
    4353.1
    4492.1

    2785.3
    2884.1
    2983.1
    3082.1
    3181.4

    31.724
    31.959
    32.187
    32.407
    32.621

    2900
    3000
    3100
    3200
    3300

    20791.5
    21576.9
    22367.7
    23164.1
    23965.5

    15032.5
    15619.3
    16211.5
    16809.3
    17412.1

    43.247
    43.514
    43.773
    44.026
    44.273

    680
    700
    720
    740
    760

    4631.1
    4770.2
    4909.5
    5048.8
    5188.1

    3280.7
    3380.1
    3479.6
    3579.2
    3678.8

    32.829
    33.031
    33.226
    33.417
    33.603

    3400
    3500
    3600
    3700
    3800

    24771.9
    25582.9
    26398.5
    27218.5
    28042.8

    18019.9
    18632.4
    19249.4
    19870.8
    20496.5

    44.513
    44.748
    44.978
    45.203
    45.423

    780
    800
    820
    840
    860

    5327.6
    5467.1
    5606.7
    5746.3
    5885.9

    3778.6
    3878.4
    3978.3
    4078.2
    4178.0

    33.784
    33.961
    34.134
    34.302
    34.466

    3900
    4000
    4100
    4200
    4300

    28871.1
    29703.5
    30539.8
    31379.8
    32223.5

    21126.2
    21760.0
    22397.7
    23039.2
    23684.3

    45.638
    45.849
    46.056
    46.257
    46.456

    880
    900
    920
    940
    960

    6025.6
    6165.3
    6305.1
    6444.9
    6584.7

    4278.0
    4378.0
    4478.1
    4578.1
    4678.3

    34.627
    34.784
    34.938
    35.087
    35.235

    4400

    4500
    4600
    4700
    4800

    33070.9
    33921.6
    34775.7
    35633.0
    36493.4

    24333.1
    24985.2
    25640.7
    26299.4
    26961.2

    46.651
    46.842
    47.030
    47.215
    47.396

    980
    1000
    1100
    1200
    1300

    6724.6
    6864.5
    7564.6
    8265.8
    8968.7

    4778.4
    4878.6
    5380.1
    5882.8
    6387.1

    35.379
    35.520
    36.188
    36.798
    37.360

    4900
    5000
    5100
    5200
    5300

    35356.9
    38223.3
    39092.8
    39965.1
    40840.2

    27626.1
    28294.0
    28964.9
    29638.6
    30315.1

    47.574
    47.749
    47.921
    48.090
    48.257

    SO

    Ii

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    S'I-O,S'X)

    l0 -

    C).

    ..

    SII. -

    10~ ~ h...u- ~ -

    dA~uc....4i'.{.t~,) ~-1I..tr-oc.p~

    ~(

    10- 0

    u.s.",,~

    w'.f'k'" J-....~ c...l~J oL:.o.l+3. ~a.yo1I11?"VIV\~~

    ':!""~

    If

    ~1V~~'W\ ......lvet" ori.w,.,~'""

    lAJ

    ().OS7NOJ

    O.i+3

    t-lO'3.-)

    q.n~07.) ~(;)

    ''''-44'''t.:ti "'~ o.l~

    b ~c.~1I\o'\. 1444
    /4-/2.

    4'\

    co ......... Io.t ~p/Ied.

    }.ILl

    AI;\. 12-Tv,

    (c.)

    _I........
    '1,

    ~~

    ('.. """r"" S fv-'


    T'-

    ,,"-c

    I
    T~

    ~~

    ~L/fvO.

    O"t,.J
    Il\0o.-

    Plot ~
    0 k::: .

    IA ~ t~. Mel

    W'

    I 0,-

    1-'2..+

    Od"'_-.l",t

    2-

    e.o to h' t. -Eo r_ "-- L.tt v. " ., /'1


    ""-"ol.f.r.cft~1 I-JO v~...rI.HT
    f\

    "l

    2')<. tJO -\:' (1-lC-)"-'2.. ...

    ~ fu.~(> ~

    T~~I -t-1- ~l(" ~o.(,hc.v..

    t1

    ctJ

    0::.

    J.

    .....

    ..1 0

    ~'-1." '\.

    k. ::

    ""':"">

    a, ~

    c...'I.

    +(1-><) .... (1- X) ':: 2 .


    &r'I +k~ ~7 vi'l.h,.."' .... ~f-c..'e

    l4-")-

    ()

    liz.

    -+-- Ie.. t

    I-.l -.1
    PIP~) "to ~

    (l-~) 021.0

    e:- 4. boo. h _

    IV 0 )

    2.)(

    IV 0

    Y"'o = .3.:!..::
    "2'Fbr

    v"":'

    '2..0 0

    (N

    1 2.0 0

    c:; 2.. ~ ~

    [( l-~ ) ( I - ) ( ) ] " " ,

    -yt....

    -+C>r" I.M-

    (l-)(.")

    K.(T)
    '2.;-!<.(T)
    Se\lll.c@l,e.

    Wwlcdic'K. ~

    ?(=

    T= 12.00

    ~.hS4J(.(o-.4-

    To oh+c.Ut-\ ot~

    tc-r

    FrOVVl.

    ~ ~~eJ.

    TalP(c. It - 21 / I ~io k : - 3.2.7 5' ~ k

    rlo;',

    ~ t T)

    ()..6

    0::.

    o.ODoS309

    ~ tLo\.Us '.

    IT Code
    T = 1200 11K
    P 1 II atm

    IT Results

    II 1 N2 + 1 02 ===> 2x NO + (1 - x) N2 + (1 - x) 02
    nNO 2 *x
    nN2 = 1 - x
    n02 = 1 - x
    ntot = 2 * x + 2 * (1 - x)
    yNO = nNO I ntot
    yN2 = nN2 I ntot
    y02 = n02 I ntot
    pref 1 II atm

    T (K)
    1200
    1300
    1400
    1500
    1600
    1700
    1800
    1900
    2000

    II Forthe reaction 1/2 N2 + 1/202 <===> NO


    K = (yNO I (yN2 * y02)"0.5) * (p I pref)"O
    II Data from Table A""'lare stored in EQNO.LUT.
    log(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQNO,1,T,3)

    K
    .0005309
    .001015
    .001941
    .003155
    .005129
    .007656
    .01091
    .01503
    .02000

    x
    0.0002654
    0.0005073
    0.0009695
    0.001575
    0.002558
    0.003813
    0.005428
    0.007460
    0.009900

    100 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    80

    ~-

    60

    .....

    -2$. 40
    ><

    20
    O-t-,..-..--r--r---,---,--,--,-----,--,--,..-..--r--r---r-1

    1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000


    T (K)

    .4-\~

    PROBLEM 1+./5

    v+
    F '''-''D:

    of

    OVie KjM.()1

    K,..:)OUJN:

    t&)

    CO~)

    A Ssu ~ 1> T (0 /'oJ :

    (0)

    o.v-o~ .... '" ~

    T-=.

    E\,cl)

    Q.1Mo<lwvt-

    +~ l.M-p..e.,.,. +u....~ -f....- 2.000 ~


    \.oVo~

    't. Co

    VoU-t' ~

    h r. u""'-

    JOOO,,"

    VI

    ll'b r,.ullV>...lM.4l~

    1 CD p~~ ,...:..

    TI-\.Q id..e-D <j0./

    e1'-'11.

    E''(

    f"'A'uu,r'.e.. ~
    L ~ F~ 10 4Th...
    lc:l.t..... 1 plo+ ~ ~""-v-t
    Co p~~~, ~

    \ C O~....:o,
    A~

    a""

    Ij r

    m.- p:
    ve rru~

    TINl..

    O'L.I

    Co )

    T=- '3000 K \ plot- ~

    \/et'TW
    (,b)

    d..c~~OCl'a.~S --10 forM

    Co

    (l-'!-)

    VI

    Co,.;t!

    T .. bl~ A-?-=1

    F.~"
    t::-~..1

    T!: ES"Oo K

    a...p pi,.eI.

    ~'3- +
    '= }<.

    Co ~

    (J'V-W

    to

    O~

    (t-~)

    0t.,

    -To {

    ::

    k=O.~2.7s4 7~

    \00,01<-::. - o.49-r ov-

    be~

    l~~ [2:)(] 'h::


    o.~'

    O,3~73'+

    ( f/P~J'h

    plo*"V\j

    (..v~

    J e-i:

    V'll

    1.000
    2.000
    3.000
    4.000
    5.000
    8.000
    7.000
    8.000
    9.000
    10.000

    0.436
    0.370
    0.333
    0.309
    0.291
    0.277
    0.265
    0.256
    0.247

    0.5
    0.4
    ~

    0.3

    ~
    0

    II

    0.240

    0.2
    0.1
    0
    1

    P (atm)

    -r"""",,,~, ca...t- ~ ... ed -I-t-p .......'" ~ +-"- o.~


    M..i't\'lA .. ~

    decV"~

    0.4

    ~ t'~(~

    \I",-\-

    Co

    ,,,,c...(t" ... ~.

    14--1+

    jll\,

    ~ ~ 1 u,

    Id",-,

    VIN-

    10

    PR08t,EM 14, IS (~t'c(/)


    (bl

    f = 10."".

    .eg.! II

    S~\e colCM.\~

    I/:L.

    be.eooes
    frOM

    ,:,,-

    [2:" ] : K<n.

    Teo;.lol A- 21 a;f T.::. ceo k .) lc~\ol< : -o.4~5. Tt.J.;.,

    = O. 3Z134. Sol" l"'~ X ::. 0.43(02.


    lle <lo.,~ fo.r -t'ke. r~ui(d plo+ a.re o~~eJ
    K

    l(~i~q \T \ as: ~ II Ot.c>S:

    IT Code

    IT Results

    T = 3000 II K

    T(K)

    nco (kmol)

    p = 1 II atm

    2000
    2100
    2200
    2300
    2400
    2500
    2600
    2700
    2800
    2900
    3000
    3100
    3200
    3300
    3400
    3500

    0.01494
    0.02524
    0.04048
    0.06207
    0.09116
    0.1287
    0.1754
    0.2309
    0.2946
    0.3638
    0.4362
    0.5084
    0.5775
    0.6418
    0.6983
    0.7480

    II C02 ===> x CO + (1 - x) C02 + x/2 02


    nCO=x
    nC02 = 1 - x
    n02 = x/2
    ntot = x + (1 - x) + x I 2
    yCO = nCO I ntot
    yC02 = nC02 I ntot
    y02 = n02 I ntot
    pref = 1 1/ atm
    K = yCO * y02"0.5) I yC02) * (p I pref)"0.5
    II Data from Table 4-2-1are stored in
    EQC02A.LUT.
    log(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQC02A,1,T,3)

    PLOT:
    0.8
    0.7
    0.6
    ~

    (5

    E
    6

    0.5
    0.4

    o
    c:

    0.3
    0.2
    0.1
    O--+=-...,--,.......,---,--,---r---r-...,--,.......-,---,--,---r-,-..,...---l

    2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600

    T (K)

    )( 3 ... <3 [

    I~

    J )(. -

    '----'"
    =.r

    14-/5

    2. [

    ,;'0/. J =0

    k,""O<.UN:

    0;

    H~CJ)

    (.)

    11......

    vrl.Af

    'FW'J:

    vel, b"ulNt

    ~'/-<A~

    H2o. fI"'U~c..* ,'",-tC- ~~


    p l"'e'S rIA. t' e
    -Ir- \. ~ P ~ to ....p... .
    l c..-fw.. J to I crt 1"'- <:l\.""'4u""
    H~ ~ ~ v-e I'"tc.l$ 7"-e ....,,--.~

    -'s..'4

    ~~ z,

    ASS' uN. P T( ON:

    e,

    0.100\

    Ii f .

    -..1-

    S40o~

    r::.

    -toy",""

    d.....~soc.eA+e.s -+0

    li2,.b

    HLJ OL.,

    'Fev T:
    "e

    Co.,

    'b

    lb_1

    pled: ;-lA... Q,_v",;

    61ooOR,

    c1a........D

    pr I

    l'

    '"

    c..pl4lJ o..pp I;)

    A~A: l..."(SI S:

    T"'-.,

    f-.A-A C

    +t' 0 V\.

    fo ~ "'-

    +~

    ~ f-v.-L L.'O

    o..-v"",f '\

    A+

    +.... ~ e S'

    l~ ~"()' l"f. '1)- f,..lc.s ~ ~V&....

    ~v.le b~:v_

    G~) l~:~J

    k=
    ((}.)

    T::. 5400

    '/1.

    cP/J'r~J

    '/2(

    ~R.

    ~t\) b.e~

    "t:

    O.b4S"'3Q

    G!~~!;~)=
    So I v ..'"J

    p (atm)

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9

    10

    (A,v\'

    (P/tIJt..(3 IlL.

    f 10 " " Y\.'

    nH2

    0.2 - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.15

    (Ibmol)

    0.1476
    0.1192
    0.1050
    0.09592
    0.08938
    0.08435
    0.08031
    0.07696
    0.07411
    0.07165

    <5
    E

    0.1

    .0

    =
    c'"
    I

    0.05

    10

    P (atm)

    Th.......s I et.....:.\
    ~"","t'~

    F..,~c1 t-t.~A~,.e
    d..~r~

    0-

    -f!'-- A~ u .... i-

    r----~Su.t"'e

    lIo\Ct'~A.S-e~.

    /4-lb

    ""L .....:

    tur v, 'e /:)r. \ . 1 -

    IT) =

    >< [
    1-)(

    )< ]

    'iz.

    =t+)C

    SArnp'e. CC.lc.u.(afIQ~.

    FroY\o'\ TaMe. A- Z 7 4+ T= 5400 oR. > lO~ho k ~ -1.343 ::.> K:0.0453'1.


    $0\"''''5 1 x;: o.\4,to.
    Th,,- ~~ flu. ~~lNLV"e& ple-\- d("e ob-frM.~eJ. u.sl"'j rr, tlS .foLlCl\PSo.
    IT Code

    =5400 II OR
    P = 1 II atm

    II H20 ~ (1 - x) H20 + x H2 + x/2 02


    nH20 1 - x
    nH2 =x
    n02 =xl 2
    ntot (1 - x) + x + x/2
    yH20 nH20 I ntot
    yH2 = nH2 I ntot
    y02 n02 I ntot
    pref = 1 II atm

    =
    =
    =

    II For the reaction H20 ~ H2 + 1/2 02


    K = yH2 * y02"0.5) I yH20) * (p/pref)"0.5
    IIData from Table 4-2-:1 are stored in EQH20.LUT.
    log(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQH20,2,T,3)

    T (OR)
    3600
    3750
    3900
    4050
    4200
    4350
    4500
    4650
    4800
    4950
    5100
    5250
    5400
    5550
    5700
    5850
    6000
    6150
    6300

    (Ibmol)
    0.005485
    0.008174
    0.01183
    0.01514
    0.02016
    0.03084
    0.04061
    0.05232
    0.06629
    0.08271
    0.1017
    0.1233
    0.1476
    0.1740
    0.2030
    0.2341
    0.2671
    0.3018
    0.3380

    PLOT:

    "H2

    0.0002884
    0.0005258
    0.0009183
    0.001332
    0.002056
    0.003922
    0.005970
    0.008814
    0.01272
    0.01797
    0.02491
    0.03391
    0.04539
    0.05961
    0.07733
    0.09897
    0.1251
    0.1566
    0.1941

    r----

    0.4

    0.3
    ~

    ..c
    N

    0.1

    0
    3600 4000 4400 4800 5200 5600 6000 6400
    T rR)

    T ~s I A ~ ~ ~ Q.l.
    ss \A or ~ ,i"<-L
    ~ ~ ~ v\. I ~ lor, v"""'" ~ ~ .... e
    ~(.,,~~

    0.2

    Q.

    14-:7

    ~v"Vt'- 1 H~

    re.~

    r--u.(-t ~

    ...-0

    te""'-P~~~

    PROBLEM

    14-.17

    K~OWN:

    IbW\<)1 of 1-/z.O

    ~k.t(-e
    A&.\d

    I={t--JO:

    o.~ ...."t

    1J

    o.v-.,",li'-';'

    "'2.

    >'-

    to

    ""'

    ~~

    hv W,O ~ l-4l... -to ~ 0"l.

    K ::

    x.

    0.000
    0.100
    0.200
    0.300
    0.400
    0.500
    0.600
    0.700
    0.800
    0.900
    1.000
    1.100
    1.200
    1.300
    1.400
    1.500
    1.600
    1.700

    1.800
    1.900
    2.000

    Ic..~

    o""cL

    -f:,~1M-O

    @ljv,J.l,r"vu-

    0.'"

    Df

    C04-lSIS-h',."

    1:> H'l.

    Pl'~!f'",,+

    ,,.,

    +t...

    ~fu~e

    -r~ '1~! pYI-t'l,c.1.pl~! ~pplo-'

    I H~
    "-

    N~

    Hz.oJ+ll..'0z...

    N,

    'Plo+-""t"'-

    A~rUMP7(ON$; (I)

    S4[-ooOR

    CA..-I

    x Ib~/

    p/t.ts

    ~ (l-OI.) ~ ~ ~

    n
    I

    ex. r o'/'2.J '/'L.


    L I'
    l -0{

    -7 (t-O<)U2. 0 -+-

    0<

    0.17.

    (1)~"l If

    liz. -+ ~ 0'2
    "t'

    ')(.

    ::

    -I-

    of-" N~
    :i. +)C

    ~'b' I Cf-. ~T" ~Ic... r ~ fo~ . . . .


    [

    PI P..-

    +1/1.-~1

    l"'" ~ rv.

    --!!!.- [~/2.
    -01..

    l+ ~ T-~
    2.

    0.25

    0.162

    0.2

    0.166
    0.169
    0.172
    0.174

    0.177
    0.180
    0.182
    0.185
    0.187
    0.189
    0.191
    0.193
    0.195
    0.197
    0.199
    0.201

    0.15
    0{

    0.1
    0.05
    0
    0

    cett:~2,

    ill1e,...t.

    0<..

    0.148
    0.152
    0.155
    0.159

    x/

    Vf!YfLA,f

    1.5

    0.5

    l4-1~

    'I).

    (plfJ~)
    '---

    =I

    1/
    2-

    PROBLEM Ii. I ~
    \<:.t-.lDLON "
    -

    ASSIl""Pi'IC~

    +v.1"t'

    N:

    1,

    ~-I-v-r e

    CO &./ Co

    Co

    I o...... d

    CO

    of

    ~ffat..+

    &<....

    lI'eACh'o,""

    ~ ~

    2.

    c. '.

    -::.)(-+

    0:

    'i

    +..Ic4!'s
    -+

    ('02.

    l.

    o...:t- 1"000

    0'L

    PI\.as.rW'~

    Tf\<. et.,.lllo"'~lM ... ;'C-h.o~. ,'s """.d.I .& .... s


    'TI-l~

    AIoo2AL.'('S IS:

    \Ch.. ~ ..

    12, vi """'-0 fAr-

    ue* r: """-4.""t. -+"'--

    FIN'D:

    e ..

    AV\
    ~

    ...

    re.Ack te. -{or""" 40"1 ~9 VI'" hr/IJ_


    K ~ ~t. r U--A..A. f,
    011\.

    ,'cJ~.'

    , ..S

    e..tbw-p0J;f,.oV\.

    1; ~

    "",,'ylu,a,

    -t...c. ,fo".-.

    1'ra 02-

    ('0

    0(

    "'J

    Co

    T"'~

    "-,c -+<.l .. 1C) ..... ~8

    + o~ ......,. )( C'o~ '"

    ... -

    <:01.

    :.

    'i:.

    '2-~

    "'i:

    (t - () O2

    'T

    "$

    n=. l{+ (I-~) "1' (I -{ ) :<


    ~ CO+i,02. . AC'Cord.4'oy'vr IS.,.

    .L

    (.1-

    CO

    (I - lC.)

    of "")( ,"",ye.

    0.""'0 ..... -1

    t :

    , I ! . .. 1-)(

    ,~

    "",";','!tI,,',,_

    At

    cc.:l.I-X

    0(

    i;

    'lC] C.~] ~[P( Ih


    oif:-y.

    ,c

    ;l- - { ; :

    4;..'"

    t .... 1r-+lI.tu

    ~~ {O"'-

    It-I -(

    ..

    O.

    3~7~~ ~

    [t-; ][ ~_-:]

    r"~ k>~low ''''9 f~O+- lS ob}cA.\\.\e.J..

    'h

    [f~J

    l.\SliAj l T

    '/
    (r)

    20

    ~\.~ lre.f- -=-l a.k:

    0.9
    0.8
    0.7
    0.6

    I T = 3000 K

    0.5
    X

    0.4
    0.3
    0.2
    0.1
    0
    0

    P (atm)

    F"o~ +L<.e...

    otecvet<.s:e..

    ~t -ft-te. a hWU.&J- &-P e0z.. /''fe.5tu.+ ~ e~iI ibrltt."'"


    "r"~~sut'tZ du~scs ec+ T=-3000 k.

    plot- we. ccrn.cLuae.


    C4,4

    14-,Q

    ~(.u,fe

    A", q,!","""".I." .... lC""'.. ~ of co _..d "'1.0 c,J ,p'u:."J.r +0 fo"""" "''' ~10"';"':'I1""
    tM,''It'''''''~ of cOI./c.0I'"hO,a"df.#l. _"t '2.OOO#t:, 10.1' .....
    Oe-lc"..........e ""''''~+
    +"'e "' ......... f of H~ foo...... d i .. t.,,-e..,.t .,.. dee.reAses
    elS
    A ..... '~
    ~CleAS.t. Also c:l'-h" .... ,.. ~ t~ ~Ii~a
    "'f'~J'ur~ 01\. +ke.

    "NOIIINI

    ~/IVC :

    .......

    .,.-p....

    0."""."...-1

    '.AC "'0""

    n.~

    Co -to H",o .....,


    c~

    F;.... ""1

    1 ':.

    D\

    ~... /C'" t

    -q! -to

    0:

    'Z. ':.

    tt

    '2. e

    7-~ -+'2.~

    1(:'1(/

    r~t-fC.,

    Qf

    " .. it/ftc' ~4S IN''v~1e.

    13

    "''I. 0

    ...

    If

    co +x

    Hz.

    "l'al-~

    -+ If

    ",",orle/,J

    "',,. fc...-

    ~ CO 2. ~

    '2. II

    '

    ..... ,It ko".;1

    T"E' c>,,,.,.~"t"""

    !'tSSl.1MPTtoN:
    At-1ALY~IS.

    -{

    ..f... _eJ.

    .( foI,.

    (j~'-x

    ~=

    ,c

    I -

    T ....... '

    or

    (I)

    (t)

    O"~r" .. ~"i
    ~"SSl.c.I~

    t.... ..s

    ~ .. ~erf'. ...j

    .. -t I~OOK
    X

    i"'CftASU

    100.0

    p,eu&4 re d.,.0pJ 0
    ~~(.f

    T.. ~'~

    .f4.fl.

    0'"

    '2.'T

    Q..Jt

    10,'01'= ~.c.(q ~
    "T d~e,eAS~S.

    0.'

    .....

    4u

    2OOO~"

    ''S'" .

    l- +1,41.

    ~'_I ~v: ,r~U'o". ACc.o".et. ...j ''1,1

    HI. fo" ...... d.


    lo',ok.: O ')~" ~ "':- .... '52. f"'1 wIt.~(U
    "If
    li o w l .for....... 4j.(l) / +"u'~Io"~) ftv.+

    10{

    to

    14-20

    til)

    If.;2.0

    PROBLEM
    K~. ?.~!:;;J :

    N ."eo.

    F/f-Ji) :

    i)e.{e,...-.,>te

    A~S'UjV\PTtOl\i:
    AA.JAL"n:lS~

    per'''''1 t Ct
    T.
    <?~

    Th-e

    The

    Hl.

    d. ~>-o<-<'<i.. f..tl s .:...- to

    "'.1.10,,-'...,........

    ~flA.l'e

    e,

    t- P "- 10

    <i

    ~ IT:

    I~

    i ~

    (ead"o"

    k.::

    K=

    (J)'2..)'2..[.l!:-]H= 0.404 '9


    (0.4)

    B()" "lo\,(Uch~ 1 T....-6-t-t

    "'2,.

    d..'SS()~'-~"'j

    jlfl.c

    "'0

    1+''l..':1 )

    ft'AS-e~

    ,.

    ~cr~o.Si!"J

    ( ..i ,p,) 0.0

    IOj i o k. =- O. 314 ~ T>3'+~#::.


    0.-0

    ~ p.rce",..J.-.-riJ

    ~ ~'-'v-b ll4~ ~

    f<-4. ~\").I'~r,,,..-.

    ~ ha re. deu e...-....o ).

    \.

    L,-.-

    i",w,..-l..h-v.. "" .. ~~(~,

    p~""~"",,,

    '4-.~

    ((LlI\

    b.I

    ,'lI\.volced,

    A'~~4~~~)tt-~~

    KNQg..)~ ":2..1'-.01
    D

    COl..

    -r
    E.l&~

    of

    cL'S',s0 Co4."a. ~

    C02.

    I co I t:Jy.J.
    ytA-A .fSUY<

    02.

    A~"L't"S1S:

    -f--

    Tk.

    +... t:~t

    "'Ht""'Ok

    I.e-+

    ~">

    c:

    2':.

    0:

    4 ... (it)Ct) l'

    0. .............

    AI-

    0(

    I e

    1'1),.'"....

    l<: t 0 '1 :I( o. 1')

    IC "'-e I

    t:J.r~q::>.!:-IOQn....

    +I\~

    ..... t1.I#d

    AS

    A'"

    ,'clto,

    '41

    .... ,~.,...,f~.

    +0,~

    CO"'"

    I(

    o&.

    e-z,

    0(::

    0.2. -t

    1 ....."n.. . . "

    e1 ....

    """

    ~1 u:I, b,...".... .... ,'t+....e ts

    TI\p

    2- ('01. ~ 1.8CO,,+

    Tkt:

    to. 1.-'

    plo-t- T vlVr.... ! p

    ASSI1MP"TIPN:

    " '"

    ecz t:, I.' b,....v ........ ~ ~


    10 ~ J~" + ~ k ~< r'" ~

    ~--fo"_.""

    '-(l =)

    0.'

    (3::

    "':. ~.I .

    ,'S

    ~CI\. ~ CO ... .!'I. 01.' Accorcl.."'~r:11 6, 1~.?r+...k4't 1" .(;... _

    '12.

    [pt'ref]

    1.8

    1+

    II
    l -

    '1."

    S~ry\~ w.lc...u.lA~. T:2J400 K. . f=roM~\-eA-'2..' ~ l~lO"'= -1.(O'1li ~ k =o.o2oCicf..


    9o v ,~~ ~ f ) Lo~+1.A y,.ef- ~ \
    f = C~l) ll.OO'l.OC\4)(l.~)Jt. ':. 0.'459 CI.~
    0,2.-

    O.t

    Tke ~~ .fo-r f{N. V'~e-( fto+

    QK'4

    oh~Vle.J lL6i"'j tT J ~s +otLow~:

    JrCode

    IT Results

    p = 0.5 II atm

    II 2 C02 ~ 1.8 C02 + .2 CO + 0.1 02


    nC02 = 1.8
    nCO 2 - nC02
    n02 = 2 - nC02 - nCO I 2
    ntot = nC02 +.2 + 0.1
    yC02 = nC02 I ntot
    yCO nCO I ntot
    y02 n02 I ntot
    pref = 1 II atm

    =
    =

    II For the reaction C02 ~ CO + 1/202


    K = yCO * y02"0.5) I yC02) * (p I pref)"0.5
    IIData from Table A-27 are stored in EQC02A.LUT.
    log(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQC02A,1,T,3)

    2700 - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    2600

    0.01714
    0.02425
    0.02970
    0.03429
    0.03834
    0.04200
    0.04536
    0.04849
    0.05143
    0.05422
    0.05686
    0.05939
    0.06182
    0.06415
    0.06640
    0.06858
    0.07069
    0.07274
    0.07473
    0.07667

    T (K)
    2367
    2427
    2463
    2490
    2511
    2529
    2544
    2557
    2568
    2579
    2588
    2597
    2605
    2613
    2620
    2627
    2634
    2640
    2645
    2651

    p (atm)
    0.5
    1.0
    1.5
    2.0
    2.5
    3.0
    3.5
    4.0
    4.5
    5.0
    5.5
    6.0
    6.5
    7.0
    7.5
    8.0
    8.5
    9.0
    9.5
    10.0

    2500
    ~
    I-

    2400

    ~r .f.ixed (O"""po6'i+I~) +(.IMfe.V'a.~


    llt\,"V'eA-Sts CA.S pre4Sure. I~c.r~.".ses.

    2300
    2200
    0

    10

    P (atm)

    14-22

    t..vOwN:

    0........

    of.

    '"1

    o.q~~~

    'Ple.-r Tv.errw
    ""~

    As:rUMPTloN:

    A~Af.,'r'SIS:

    -R.,. -. "'-- AUf ~. l, 10....,v ...... ~ ~

    lh 0(8) L sso ",,' Io.~ -to


    ... " . . V 'l..
    ~ ~Lw' """ 11--0

    lh..o(D) / H L

    (,i

    F' ..... o .

    l:: ~

    T&o.oe.

    -{-<~"""'7w.t~~rcM.A.r

    t.,.

    '2."

    I ~ -+

    0:

    ,':.

    o.qf'

    2. 0'
    ~

    1./i

    V,.,.-

    L~f>~lOA.~.

    ",;'l~'~

    t.~

    1 ''''''2.0~o.qr!+Lo+ o(Ml.."t'

    H':

    c--"..A ~ ~A. {a.,.

    f:'v..t;b v-

    ,~ ..efl_

    0.

    ts

    lMode(~J Dot

    AM

    ,aJ "...,~I\;"e.

    ,!JttA.1

    tov-.
    ~Oa..

    0<:: ~or

    ~ ~

    o.Ozr

    ,..... s

    I
    "1"\..f:

    At

    oqr l-lt..o

    1-4\.0 ~

    Q._o .....'1

    Of .....)C"""'e

    ~1 ... 11 10"

    11"'-

    o.or Ht.+ oOtrO~


    Ic>zr ...... 1.

    "t'

    ,'J

    "'1.0 ~ l-Il.. ~ {. 0t . Ac:eo.. 4.t"'3/~

    k ':. [o.or"J[o.ot.~J'~

    I~

    P(f'efJ ]

    o.qr

    'It

    G,. l4.1T f-.t~/'

    ~ for....

    ~,

    '.ot.r

    j~Ykf'L c.()...(wIGt~, T:2hoo k . N-Cy'h ,..cqlolJZ..A-z.7..,) l6~lol< ::. -Z..O~8 ~ k ': O,oo'lI"Z2.,

    S<olVllA~

    to<- f ~ ui\~ fr~f -:'l ~

    1::' :. (, . 02.S

    Th e ~

    \ [CO,DO ~

    D.O'l.'S)

    ~ ~2.) COli'S) ]

    0.0$

    ~ ~ Y~rd

    ,U*

    (l,ye.

    1
    I __

    :.

    1.242

    olote...i",t&

    t\TVY\

    US ('''''9 IT, 0.5

    to I LD"'" S "

    fT Code

    IT Results

    p = 1 II atm

    T (K)
    2568
    2613
    2646
    2672
    2693
    2711
    2728
    2743
    2756
    2767
    2778
    2788
    2797
    2806
    2815
    2823
    2831
    2838
    2845

    II H20 ~ 0.95 H20 + (1 - 0.95) H2 + 1 - 0.95) 12) 02


    nH20 0.95
    nH2 = 1 - nH20
    n02 (1 - nH20) I 2
    ntot 0.95 + (1 - 0.95) + (1 - 0.95)/2
    yH20 = nH20 I ntot
    yH2 = nH2 I ntot
    y02 = n02 I ntot
    pref = 1 II atm

    =
    =
    =

    II Forthe reaction H20 B H2 + 1/202


    K = yH2 * y021\0.5) I yH20) * (p I pref)1\0.5
    IIData from Table A-27 are stored in EQH20.LUT.
    10g(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQH20,1 ,T,3)

    2900 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    K
    0.00822
    0.01007
    0.01162
    0.01300
    0.01424
    0.01538
    0.01644
    0.01744
    0.01838
    0.01928
    0.02013
    0.02096
    0.02175
    0.02251
    0.02325
    0.02396
    0.02466
    0.02533
    0.02599

    p (atm)
    1.0
    1.5
    2.0
    2.5
    3.0
    3.5
    4.0
    4.5
    5.0
    5.5
    6.0
    6.5
    7.0
    7.5
    8.0
    8.5
    9.0
    9.5
    10.0

    2800

    '!'r ttxe..d co~pcSi+I6l'Y\) ~'M.pef"CthW2...

    2700

    (!A(..(ec<ses.
    2600

    P (atm)

    10

    (s

    preSS\J.f.

    u.~"~eCtses.

    ~N(HUN:

    A- IA?~Se(

    fo.. ~ -..
    ~s"rh"'1

    I'''''''''h~

    c..1o\~'&.I.<'II\J

    L t:.",,-I

    "~tJ~ 1lQr.v..... ~"'-.a..

    ~o (" ) J H'l.

    o.. I

    --*

    '1

    (~""'"

    HloC,)

    t....:: ",",~c.i...

    N'l.

    o--cP

    ~""""1 JVa..

    ~ ~~ T

    o- ~ ~<""-"

    1 ~o (e;)

    ~F"~'

    Plot

    FIl"/ D:

    'T"'~

    ASSU","P1tul"lS'. (I)

    1. ':: ~r')('l)
    I::

    +-1. ~
    (!

    0')0+1-

    of

    jl. ............

    At-

    """'ll."", .. ~

    ,'~

    0't'"

    S'V\Ge. P/Pref
    _

    AJ

    A'"

    ;d~.1

    '41

    e- S"tnP (~) -+ o s- II.. 't

    O.l.)' 61.

    I'\~ Of-+O)--t Ol.J--4

    Ill.

    'Y

    -+

    [~J

    JJL.

    = ,.1T+X.

    ~ 1-11. ~ -{ 01. . Ace 0" Q.,' "':I' j

    ''''.1'' ~t~J .,.4.#'

    X -:.

    0.2.5

    L tk{Tn 2-

    S~l<. C&J.CM.lCl.~. Fro\')o\ Tabk ~-'2-1 ~


    'X ': \ 20.0' .

    fu~ ~ ~ '(~~ (-'torWJL

    - 1.2SJ

    T::' 3000

    obk.u4Aul ~

    ~ )o9u;)K ~

    IT)

    etA

    IT Code

    IT Results

    p = 1 II atm
    T = 3000 II K

    T (K)

    /I H20 + x N2
    nH20 = 0.5
    alpha = 1 - 0.5

    -fu.......

    '(.,.

    ,.z.r.f-tc

    l , ~c.s ro(.~ 1'0

    ~.5
    1< - 0.2.5 +-xVlz..

    't' It All.

    0.)

    Eh 0

    (I 1,,, t V _

    1'0..-

    0.).1

    1M'.... ""'... es

    '=0

    01

    [o~to.1.)1
    CO. S1

    \<.=

    1twA

    ....... ~~(.J

    e. S' .hO(~) l' oc."'l, -t ~ e '\.

    (3 ~

    "~o c~ ) -+)l 1-'..

    "'\"Wt.

    ""l.

    Ul.ot,) + lC ~&. ....ll)

    0:

    <'''';,;''',; ........

    "".'~"",,,~. 0.)
    ts I",~.t
    TlI\c .'~,.d,o,", +""~.r ;Io\~

    A t-:>At."($ts:

    H~

    "10''1''"s T ~ ~11l'O.s. -'-' 15'00 tc .

    '><.

    3000
    3050
    3100
    3150
    3200
    3250
    3300
    3350
    3400
    3450

    0.5 H20 + alpha H2 + beta 02 + x N2

    nH2 alpha
    beta = (1 - 0.5) 12
    n02 = beta
    ntot = 0.5 + alpha + beta + x
    yH20 = nH20 I ntot
    yH2 = nH2 I ntot
    y02 = n02/ntot
    pref = 1 II atm

    -l. 3043

    =-> K =O.o4SJt.M.

    te~~ ~
    x (kmol of N2)

    K
    0.04539
    0.05346
    0.06295
    0.07345
    0.08570
    0.09897
    0.1143
    0.1309
    0.1500
    0.1706

    120.1
    86.24
    61.84
    45.09
    32.79
    24.27
    17.89
    13.34
    9.866
    7.339

    120
    100

    II For the reaction H20 B H2 + 1/202


    K
    yH2 * y02 A O.5) I yH20) * (p I pref)A O.5
    /I Data from Table A-'2.'1are stored in EQH20.LUT.
    log(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQH20,1 ,T,3)

    (\J

    80

    o
    o

    60

    for ~uJ,. <.mYfosi.t\M IV. ~s ef 14~D,

    U'1.

    O"t)

    Cl-MMOv4

    ro.;u,ire.A &-~04.QIj
    t L.,. c.vea.U5 a+ f-U<.eA

    Cl6

    &~

    \\.<.u+N:z.
    ~ ~Ct..~V~

    pr~st.tre.

    40
    20
    0
    3000

    3100

    3200

    3300

    T (K)

    3400

    3500

    ?~ol3l.eM

    \4.'2.4

    vess41 i~hAtl'1 co"",~V\.s 210HA.D1 1 Nt.. G.t\.d I /b#kc1/1 Oa' A,....,


    "1 u./.hri v-. ~ I-re fJ.f IV?,. J O-;&. -..t. No -{O,,"'" s J
    lcd"",) I.
    1<.~owN:

    FIND:

    A Sf v",", PI' 0"" :


    ArvA'-"I"SI~:

    4 -:.

    0'1.. ;

    NO

    -fo,...... ed

    Vrsl.(.$

    ,.-:

    "'-e

    +...

    + (0

    2. K -to Z.
    '1)j

    of

    ,.. "-sl. " c::IA..-O. SA-t' k...c> cl...t-t o...p p


    J
    - \ "- '~~ch """
    1:-.1' t""-- ~,. .....

    2/V2.

    N',

    ~_v..,.i:

    'Plo+ t ' -

    +;z.

    2-

    2)

    2. ~

    10'2- t- '7 0L +-

    4.

    ND

    4 - 2.><:

    "Z. ~ 2.

    Y ~ (4 - 2 >()

    v>

    X_ I

    IT results
    It Code
    p = 1 II atm
    T = 5400 II oR

    II 2 N2 + 1 02 ===> x N2 + (x - 1) 02 + 2 * (2 - x) NO
    nN2 =x
    n02 = x-1
    nNO = 2 * (2 - x)
    ntot = x + (x - 1) + 2 * (2 - x)
    yN2 = nN2 I ntot
    y02 = n02 I ntot
    yNO = nNO I ntot
    pref = 1 II atm
    II Forthe reaction 1/2 N2 + 1/202 <===> NO
    K = (yNO I (yN2"0.5 * y02"0.5 * (p I pref)"O
    II Data from TableA-l1 are stored in EQNO.LUT.
    log(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQNO,2,T,3)

    T (OR)
    3600
    3800
    4000
    4200
    4400
    4600
    4800
    5000
    5200
    5400
    5600
    5800
    6000
    6200

    K
    0.02000
    0.02663
    0.03441
    0.04342
    0.05366
    0.06510
    0.07774
    0.09146
    0.1063
    0.1222
    0.1388
    0.1566
    0.1750
    0.1942

    (Ibmol
    0.02799
    0.03713
    0.04779
    0.06002
    0.07379
    0.08898
    0.1056
    0.1233
    0.1423
    0.1622
    0.1828
    0.2044
    0.2264
    0.2489

    "NO

    0.3 - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.2

    As ~o..f.wre. \~C(~se.s

    c:

    &+ (..lx.f(....t

    f~~';I).("e. ;.~ ll~olM/t ~~ !-JO \L. ~


    ~nbr\l(,lM M..U)(~ H"c.r~~$.

    ..c

    0.1

    0-+--,----r---r-~_,.__..___.,.....__r____r__,___..,.___..,._--r-___1

    3600 4000 4400 4800 5200 5600 6000 6400


    T (OR)

    14-Z5

    'PROSL-EM l4.2SK~bWN:

    fo.-.... s
    ~

    co",~ ...,

    .",,'ft'ally

    Vet... ,

    t"~

    I " .....0 1

    ,.....~

    ~'II",/.,..V""

    CIt'"

    Oot.t~"..,. ... e

    of

    fe .. e"'o", -I...t.r

    Tkf

    13 ~

    ~-=-l-

    C:

    I'::.cot'

    O~

    ~':. 7.tt~)r-+'t. 'f ~

    ~s

    't'C

    C.Oo(.

    I ol,."t"

    of

    -Ill ,,-,.

    .......1

    ~~

    0(

    P{O

    COz. ~

    It)

    cL'" ( I '

    Ct) TIt.

    r01.+3.7".AJ,

    PIth' ] 117. ~
    I"to

    "1:: '-~

    2.t =)

    (1-

    0+

    '*' 'ho",.

    COt. ~ Cb

    1- 0\. [ '2._ ~

    :Jecz ...... yJ,."e.

    ,''''hl

    ......

    CooL .... (t~IC.)CO -Eo (l-t)

    0<

    t)

    ACCb..

    I<

    0L

    of )7<;' ': S:.iC.-

    ~ t.::.!C [ ~ ]
    ~

    + l,7&.A,),a.

    t,

    E, 14,3r ""'t~s 14~ (.:u-

    d'"'"j(:;'
    II, n

    IlL

    . I(

    K: -O'4$l'J':!I> K =0"]2.7,4 '

    "Tk.'-\J

    1 ~

    I~ J

    d:'

    a&,....-h'()l,'\. (.A.II'+~

    e,uA-n'e- s-olll'e'r or

    ttl'\

    .,',.

    0("

    ... ':.

    ".:A; 300&(1::)

    o,~2.731'l

    of dr'j

    .......

    L~f.SL -")Iz

    oc.

    !Yo-or,. A"l.':f

    CA..SI1r'lj

    ,'./

    t 'Z.~ j"tr

    CI-Il.'

    K .....tt

    N7. "to JOOOI<.)I.t"".

    COl 0'2./11""

    CO",/

    3 '= 7. fC ... (1'e()1

    ),7,"P"\.

    ~t .." '0",-",,,,",

    At

    t,,~ ~

    l0oz. .... ~,'7c. ...,,,~

    CO+

    _ ..." 47&..

    &1'" I. elf"'

    co_pos,'-f!'o"',
    ASSVMP'T'ONS~tI)'T\u""tuil,'ov'v_~~.jvtl'w,lIa-\od.led o.J
    t-J"" is ',,,crt.
    AUAL'r'SIS:

    CO

    A.

    T~ ..e,v;/d;n;v""" Co~SI' h'q\oo\ &.d

    {t>.~18 CO~ )0.

    v~rr~(

    Ic:POWN:

    F,u 0 :

    ~
    'D~+

    ,''''if\.lIy

    ,"",'..e
    ('2.)

    i ".

    N'

    T"~

    "l.:'2.0l.+ ~

    I 11: ..... 1 0,&)

    &:.....01

    "

    t-J1.1

    I &:. . . /

    if,.. ..;..."""

    No) QW\od Ar ~1 1'0 00 1<:) (11.+.....


    c.o-p."~O"".
    Woa')rN".
    ,'s .....d.(~~ Q1 "'" ,,'lIf.1
    O&,) N" I

    1 v~ (,'"",,'.,-

    .,,,.1.,,,,',,,",

    '4t.

    A-y:!o.... ts " Ill ... L

    t~a.eno ...

    0'1. -to 2.. 1-J1.. ~


    0:

    COIO\,-4 .. ,...

    , "," "'...".. "'" ...,,, "-,~ 0;

    ASStlMP'tION~'.(I) Tk."

    AfI)ALl"~IS:

    ""2. CO,,> O. i i ' ()~) 3."1' Nz. ~

    +"'1:'.$
    A,

    -=->

    +"'~
    c:(

    fr.,.Oz. -t

    (3 ~~ ~

    lC No

    Ar

    "

    4::.'2.#l+'I)

    T...... l
    I o'\.+7.~1.'1' ( Ar

    1'\.\~

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    IT CAM

    be.. v..sut

    IT Code
    T1 = 25 + 273.15 11K
    p1 = 5.1 II atm
    T2 = 2800 II K
    p2 = 5 II atm

    II C02 ===> (1 - x) C02 + x CO + x/2 02


    ndot1 = 1 II per kmol entering
    ndotC02_2 = 1 - x
    ndotCO_2 = x
    ndot02_2 = x/2
    ndot2 = ndotC02_2 + ndotCO_2 + ndot02_2
    yC02 = ndotC02_2 I ndot2
    yCO = ndotCO_2 I ndot2
    y02 = ndot02_2 I ndot2
    pref = 1 II atm
    II For the reaction C02 <===> CO + 1/2 02
    K = yCO * y02 AO.5) I yC02) * (p21 pref)AO.5
    IIData from Table A~21 are stored in EQC02A.LUT.
    log(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQC02A,1,T2,3)
    0= Qdot + ndot1*hC02_1 - ndotC02_2*hC02_2 - ndotCO_2*hCO_2ndot02_2*h02_2
    hC02_1 = h_T("C02",T1)
    hC02_2 = h_T("C02",T2)
    hCO_2 = h_T("CO",T2)
    h02_2 = h_T("02",T2)

    IT Results
    K = 0.1496

    CO

    In
    2,2

    CO,2

    02,2

    In
    In

    CO

    CO

    CO

    Q In
    cv CO

    = 0.8136 kmoll kmol (C0 2 entering)


    2,1

    = 0.1864 kmoll kmol (C0 2 entering)


    2,1

    = 0.09322 kmoll kmol (C0 2 entering)


    2,1

    = 1.916E5 kJ/kmol (C0 2 entering)


    2,1

    /4- 31

    1437

    PRoBLE-M

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    IT Code

    p1 = 15 1/ Ibf/in2 , saturated vapor


    T1 = Tsat_P("Steam",p1)
    T2 = 4500 1/ oR
    p2 = 1 1/ atm

    1/ H20 ~ (1 - x) H20 + x H2 + x/2 02


    ndot1 = 1 1/ Do calculations on the basis of 1 Ibmol of H20 entering.
    ndotH20_2 = 1 - x
    ndotH2_2 = x
    ndot02_2 = x/2
    ndot2 = ndotH20_2 + ndotH2_2 + ndot02_2
    yH20 = ndotH20_2 1 ndot2
    yH2 = ndotH2_2 1 ndot2
    y02 = ndot02_2 1 ndot2
    pref = 1 1/ atm
    1/ For the reaction H20 ~ H2 + 1/2 02
    K = yH2 * y02"0.5) 1 yH20) * (p2 1 pref)"0.5
    I/Data from Table A-Z1are stored in EQH20.LUT.
    10g(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQH20,2,T2,3)
    0= Qdot + ndot1 * hH20_1 - (ndotH20_2 * hH20_2 + ndotH2_2 * hH2_2 + ndot02_2 * h02_2)
    1/ Note: Use the ideal gas function for H20 in order to get the correct
    1/ reference value for H20 in the calculations. This results in only a slight error.
    hH20_1 = h_T("H20", T1)
    hH20_2 = h_T("H20",T2)
    hH2_2 = h_T("H2",T2)
    h02_2 = h_T("02",T2)

    IT Results

    K = 0.00597
    n
    I Ii
    H
    20,2

    H
    20,1

    I Ii

    Ii

    In H 0 ,1

    H ,2
    2

    02,2

    cv

    I Ii

    H 0 ,1
    2

    = 0.9594 Ibmol/lbmol(H 20 entering)


    = 0.04061 Ibmol/lbmol(H 20 entering)
    = 0.0203 Ibmol/lbmol(H 20 entering)

    H 0 ,1
    2

    = 4.582 x 10 Btu/lbmol(H 20 entering)

    \4~~

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    IT Code
    p1 = 1 /I atm
    T1 = 25 + 273.151/ K
    p2 1 II atm
    T2 = 127 + 273.15 /I K
    ndot1 = 1 II Do all calculations on the basis of 1 kmol of carbon entering.
    ndot2 = ndot1 II Entering streams have equal molar flow rates.
    T3 = 2727 + 273.151/ K
    p3 = 1 II atm

    II C + 02 ~ x 02 + 2x CO + (1 - 2x) C02
    ndot02_3 x
    ndotCO_3 2*x
    ndotC02_3 1 - 2 * x
    ndot3 ndot02_3 + ndotCO_3 + ndotC02_3
    y02 = ndot02_31 ndot3
    yCO ndotCO_31 ndot3
    yC02 = ndotC02_31 ndot3
    pref = 1 II atm

    =
    =
    =

    =
    =

    /I For the reaction C02 B CO + 1/202


    K = yCO * y02"0.5) I yC02) * (p31 pref)"0.5
    II Data from Table A-1.1 are stored in EQC02a.LUT.
    10g(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQC02A,1 ,T3,3)

    o =Qdot + ndot1*hC + ndot2*h02_2 - (ndotC02_3*hC02_3 +


    ndotCO_3*hCO_3 + ndot02_3*h02_3)
    hC = 0 II See Table A-25.
    h02_2 = h_T("02",T2)
    hC02_3 h_T("C02",T3)
    hCO_3 = h_T(ffCO",T3)
    h02_3 h_T(ff02 ff,T3)

    =
    =

    IT Results
    K = 0.3275

    CO

    2,3

    In 1 =0.5637 kmol/kmol(C)

    In 1

    In =0.2181 kmol/kmol(C)

    CO,3

    02,3

    cv

    In 1

    = 0.4363 kmol/kmol(C)

    =-1.246x10

    5kJ/kmol(C)

    A .... eTI.I. ....... l ...... ~k...t'~


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    f l :: \jlt.tw\

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    o-t 2-700 oR J l e:t ~ .


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    u{.c.. ~o ..... -tkt. ..:~ jas t--~I QS
    O"~U~ [-,,"q/'Joo~ '30,561-

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    K =.

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    ....
    -44----------------_

    PRo~(,6M 14.41

    CCo ....t'cL)

    fTCode

    T1 = 25 + 273.15 11K
    p1 = 1 II atm
    T2 = 227 + 273.15 11K
    p2 = 1 II atm
    T3 = 1427 + 273.15 II K
    p3 = 1 II atm
    ndotCH4 1 II Do calculations on the basis of 1 kmol of CH4 entering.

    II CH4 + 1.6 (02 + 3.76 N2) ~ x C02 + (1 - x) CO + (2.2 - x) H20 + (x - 0.2) H2 + 6.016 N2
    ndotC02_3 x
    ndotCO_3 = 1 - x
    ndotH20_3 = 2.2 - x
    ndotH2_3 = x - 0.2
    ndotN2_3 = 6.016
    ndot3 ndotC02_3 + ndotCO_3 + ndotH20_3 + ndotH2_3 + ndotN2_3
    yC02 = ndotC02_3 I ndot3
    yCO ndotCO_3 I ndot3
    yH20 ndotH20_3 I ndot3
    yH2 = ndotH2_3 I ndot3
    pref = 1 II atm

    =
    =
    =

    II For the reaction C02 + H2 B CO + H20


    K (yCO * yH20) I (yC02 * yH2) * (p3 I pref)"O
    IIData from Table A-21are stored in EQWATGAS.LUT.
    10g(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQWATGAS,1,T3,3)

    o = Qdot + ndotCH4*hCH4_1 + 1.6*h02_2 + 6.016*hN2_2 - (ndotC02_3*hC02_3 +


    ndotCO_3*hCO_3 + ndotH20_3*hH20_3 + ndotH2_3*hH2_3 + 6.016*hN2_3)
    hCH4_1 = h_T(ICH4",T1)
    h02_2 h_T(102",T2)
    hN2_2 h_T(IN2",T2)
    hC02_3 = h_T(IC02",T3)
    hCO_3 = h_T(ICO",T3)
    hH20_3 = h_T(IH20",T3)
    hH2_3 = h_T(IH2",T3)
    hN2_3 = h_T(IN2",T3)

    =
    =

    fTResults
    K = 3.389
    Ii
    In
    CO,3

    Ii
    Ii
    Ii
    Ii

    CO

    I Ii

    2,3

    H
    2,3

    CH

    =0.5674 kmol/kmol(CH 4)

    In

    H
    20,3
    N
    2,3

    = 0.4326 kmol/kmol(CH 4)

    CH
    4

    CH

    = 0.3674 kmol/kmol(CH 4)
    4

    In
    CH

    In

    CH
    4

    = 1.633 kmol/kmol(CH 4)
    4

    =6.016 kmol/kmol(CH 4)
    5

    Qdot = -1.917 x 10 kJ/kmol(CH 4)

    P-!-Y5

    .p~o
    I::

    BLG

    14.420.

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    ANAl-l'SIS':

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    c:.o>..

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    'I

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    _ 5

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    -+

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    11-'- ....'..L.-.J J ~ ~

    q '3 I 2_t,'(

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    -e-

    )]

    L:.
    -

    ('.<'

    cJ

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    ,l-}'
    h H L IJ

    0.<31'0

    + 1-o . 04.

    -+

    LI'e2...l:: cu

    (73 )

    z: J'.,J~ J

    L..,... J.J~ ",,~d 1-./<I'"


    'JOI-

    T""f::" 0

    -+ 0,9/6 [ hC7j)-h(l.Qt') J H2..

    ~ t-.....

    ~ u..-"

    r4~",(TJ-T
    /J,04t:.
    _

    "J

    .h=t..

    Solv''''6

    ~"~LI-!,DA,O.ft~\+.l.-&-IS"',o4-lVl...,

    -+

    -e- L

    +(~y('

    "-2,U2...2.

    [i;:;-(T3)

    +~(~)- T,{1.'ufJ Co

    - "h12.q2;)

    J I'.h. -

    -e- '3.''2.

    .-0

    [I."

    {J ('3 H,&

    [~f t-1',~) 1:::(1..'1\\)112,0

    PR06(,eM. 14.42 (COK/'eI..)

    IT Code

    =
    =
    =
    =

    T1 25 + 273.15 /I K
    T2 25 + 273.15 /I K
    T3 1227 + 273.15 11K
    p3 1 II atm
    ndotfuel 1 II Do calculations on the basis of 1 kmol of C3H8 entering.

    II C3H8 + 4 (02 + 3.76 N2) ~ x C02 + (3 - x) co + (5 - x) H20 + (x - 1) H2 + 15.04 N2


    ndotC02_3 = x
    ndotCO_3 3 - x
    ndotH20_3 = 5 - x
    ndotH2_3 = x - 1
    ndotN2_3 15.04
    ndot3 = ndotC02_3 + ndotCO_3 + ndotH20_3 + ndotH2_3 + ndotN2_3
    yC02 ndotC02_3 I ndot3
    yCO = ndotCO_3 I ndot3
    yH20 = ndotH20_3 I ndot3
    yH2 = ndotH2_3 I ndot3
    pref = 1 II atm

    II For the reaction C02 + H2 B CO + H20


    K = yCO * yH20) I (vC02 * yH2 * (p31 pref)"O
    /I Data from Table A-Z1are stored in EQWATGAS.LUT.
    log(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQWATGAS,1 ,T3,3)

    o =Qdot + ndotfuel*hC3H8 + 4*h02_2 + 15.04*hN2_2 - (ndotC02_3*hC02_3 +


    ndotCO_3*hCO_3 + ndotH20_3*hH20_3 + ndotH2_3*hH2_3 + ndotN2_3*hN2_3)
    hC3H8 h_T("C3H8",T1)
    h02_2 = h_T("02",T2)
    hN2_2 = h_T("N2",T2)
    hC02_3 h_T(
    hCO_3 h_T("CO",T3)
    hH20_3 = h_T(
    hH2_3 = h_T("H2",T3)
    hN2_3 = h_T("N2",T3)

    =
    =

    IC02",T3)

    IH20",T3)

    IT Results
    K = 2.533

    CO,3

    fuel

    CO

    2,3

    H
    2,3

    In

    H
    20,3
    N
    2,3

    In

    fuel

    In

    Q In
    cv

    = 0.8175 kmol/lmol(C 3H s)

    fuel

    n
    n

    =1.182 kmolllmol(C 3Hs)


    In
    =1.818 kmol/lmol(C 3Hs)
    fuel

    In

    fuel

    fuel

    = 3.182 kmol/lmol(C 3H s)
    = 15.04 kmol/lmol(C 3H s)

    = -5.933 x 105 kJ/kmol(C3H s)

    IY-41

    ~IP"':

    ,<,)

    at 7?O~ 1,ld.., ~ .......1 Q..


    "",'+'" -t"'r "lA4.o,~~C'",1 a",,",ou.. i uF

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    _+ sr... d'j S+#t -Ie. ..... el


    S
    ("+''''''''5 &12.401'$ (l:\tM. jOlf-M .,,,,1,6,,&.......
    )oo.~ ".HI" of COL, CoI H~ oc 3)1 0 t. ,o."d 1J1 ~.,."'1 t ot '3 '00 Oil I fa .......
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    C! H

    !=IUO:

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    CaH a(1) I n-------1i... '7'70,: --H--Ilto

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    1.
    ~"fO. Ill,..

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    1

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    1i .,. '3~C) / p! ~ fa+ ...

    COq

    2406
    l <:\.........
    ASSUMPTIONS: (,) T~r co .. "'01

    '~'t

    s+-."~

    "",,,'til""

    AtJ I.L.yn s: "T1'I.~ t~AC f\' U", 0 f (';, Me C,)


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    ltce-o.. 64

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    "tj

    "-:'(1-'lC)-t1.,.:t t ...

    c~1 t {. fl2.[ !l.!!:!


    SH. 'l.
    t 1~'41

    K=

    fi"lA~~

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    ()t.~ 4111.0+ /1.''''1..
    Z.

    ""',o(".,~ t s

    Ai Ot",'d","....

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    ,'f
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    + "lic,1lt (T.) ..

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    for-

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    !.\'"'

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    -+ '\ [1.f ~ 1(.TJ ) -~l~3')JH"o
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    "to Au.d

    -+

    8p-.{ U~..-( (Cj'

    ~ [-(04/0~ f

    !72S.I] ....

    '15'5"+' - "E-1.s81 +

    ""-4 "SO"'1 - S- #7'f- 372.S] - t ~, 8 [

    -T

    Ht

    4"r- 3710)

    "'<i~--------------

    14 -

    48

    c.o.-", be. \4etL as


    lLSl"'j +a,/ol-e.. JuU-a...
    IT

    AAA.

    ilA

    ~lt-e...v-V\a.+We.

    +0

    i.te,;r&(.~ l.Ul~ I1v ~& cA-lG(.A.[C(.-ter ~


    ~ ~~ ba1o.AA.c.e.. Ihe. IT pVt)jro..wa -fc Vlow.s.

    IT Code
    T1 = 77 + 459.67 II OR
    T2 = 240 + 459.67 II oR
    T3 = 3140 + 460 /I oR
    p3 = 1 /I atm
    ndotfuel = 1 II Do calculations on the basis of 1 Ibmol of C3H8 entering.

    II C3H8 + 5 (02 + 3.76 N2) ~ (3 - x) C02 + x co + x/2 02 + 4 H20 + 18.8 N2


    ndoCC02 = 3 - x
    ndoCCO = x
    ndot_02 = x 12
    ndoCH20 = 4
    ndoCN2 = 18.8
    ndot3 = ndoCC02 + ndoCCO + ndot_02 + ndoCH20 + ndoCN2
    yC02 = ndot_C02 I ndot3
    yCO = ndot, CO I ndot3
    y02 = ndot_02 I ndot3
    pref = 1 /I atm

    /I For the reaction C02 B CO + 1/2 02


    K = yCO * y02 AO.5) I yC02) * (p31 pref)A.5
    II Data from Table A-'l1are stored in EQC02A.LUT.
    10g(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQC02A,2,T3,3)
    0= Qdot + ndotfuel*hC3H8 + 5*h02_2 + 18.8*hN2_2 - (ndot_C02*hC02_3 +
    ndoCCO*hCO_3 + ndot_02*h02_3 + ndot_H20*hH20_3 + 18.8*hN2_3)
    hC3H8 = h_T("C3H8",T1)
    h02_2 = h_T("02",T2)
    hN2_2 = h_T("N2",T2)
    hC02_3 = h_T("C02",T3)
    hCO_3 = h_T("CO",T3)
    h02_3 = h_T("02",T3)
    hH20_3 = h_T("H20",T3)
    hN2_3 = h_T("N2",T3)

    IT Results
    K = 0.001306

    nCO,3 In fuel = 0.09071 Ibmol/lbmol(C3Ha)


    nCO In fuel = 2.909Ibmol/lbmol(C3Ha)
    2,3

    In

    In fuel

    02,3
    cv

    fuel

    = 0.04536 Ibmol/lbmol(C 3H a)

    = -1.985E5 Btu/lbmol(C 3H a)

    ILi-

    4q

    to

    PROQI-EM

    14.44
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    'tr-A~t;'e.,.. ."'. +"'~ wo,..t:-6'-C.A)T=",q1K/C.b)T~400K.


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    'P~aLeM L4.44
    (b) T= 400 K
    As...:.. po.\I"t-

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    ':.

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    ~J I'~(~a)

    ~I--------------

    III-51

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    ....

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    ::

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    '3 ='30"3'3 K,

    '" ~ '1(+(,-_) .. t.S,) 'll):


    --t:'
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    __

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    "qo 4J ~

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    (I-'lt)

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    ={,7\'" [1'67b - t('ll.l


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    J

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    '1-52.

    )(

    Cl. ...

    73.

    ~/\I""':J

    (2)

    PJ;?o6LEM ,4.45 (Ctmfd.)

    rite. ~Llowill\~

    \T 5oLu.~ fYovid~ ~"" ~t+eKv\.(dwe. -to i-kx~~ l.($1~j

    ~~ ~) as s~ ?Y'-Wl8V.'~ :
    IT Code

    T1 = 25 + 273.15 11K
    T2 = 227 + 273.15 11K
    p3 = 1 II atm
    ndot1 = 1 II Do calculations on the basis of 1 kmol of H2 entering.
    /* Use this section for part (a), comment out part (b).
    II For part (a): H2 + 1.75 02 ~ H20 + 1.2502
    hr= h_T("H2",T1) + 1.75 * h_TC'02",T2)
    hp = h_T("H20",T3) + 1.25 * h_T("02",T3)
    hp = hr
    *1

    II For part (b) H2 + 1.75 02


    ndotH20_3 = x
    ndotH2_3 = 1 - x
    ndot02_3 = (3.5 - x) 12
    ndot3 = (5.5 - x) I 2
    yH20 = ndotH20_31 ndot3
    yH2 = ndotH2_31 ndot3
    y02 = ndot02_31 ndot3
    pref = 1 II atm

    x H20 + (1 - x) H2 + 3.5 - x)/2) 02

    II For the reaction H20 B H2 + 1/202


    K = yH2 * y02 AO.5) I yH20) * (p3 I pref)AO.5
    /I Data from Table A- 2.1are stored in EQH20.LUT.
    10g(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQH20,1 ,T3,3)
    hr = h_T("H2",T1) + 1.75 * h_TC'02",T2)
    hp = ndotH20_3 * hH20_3 + ndotH2_3 * hH2_3 + ndot02_3 * h02_3
    hp = hr
    hH20_3 = h_T("H20",T3)
    hH2_3 = h_T("H2",T3)
    h02_3 = h_T("02",T3)

    IT Results
    Part (a): T3 = 3033 K
    Part (b): x = 0.9533, T3 = 2926 K

    14-53

    -\-able.. ~

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    PRD8,&).IJ 14.4 t

    ( tOil Pd. )

    A-Jkv"f1C(:kVe.. So'u.h.~ Us, n&

    ,r.

    IT Code
    T1 = 25 + 273.15 11K
    T2 = 25 + 273.15 11K
    p3 = 1 II atm
    ndot1 = 1 II Do all calcualtions on the basis of I kmol of H2 entering.

    II For part (a): H2 + 0.5 02 + 1.88 N2 ~ H20 + 1.88 N2


    hr = h_T("H2",T1) + 0.5 * h_T("02",T2) + 1.88 * h_T("N2",T2)
    hp = h_T("H20",Tp) + 1.88 * h_T("N2",Tp)
    hp =hr
    1* Use this section fer part (b) and comment out part (a).
    II For part (b): H2 of 0.5 02 + 1.88 N2 ~ (1 - x) H20 + x H2 + x/2 02 +
    1.88 N2
    ndotH20_3 = 1 - x
    ndotH2_3 = x
    ndot02_3 = x/2
    ndotN2_3 = 1.88
    ndot3 = ndotH20_3 + ndotH2_3 + ndot02_3 + ndotN2_3
    yH20 = ndotH20_3 I ndot3
    yH2 = ndotH2_3 I ndot3
    y02 = ndot02_3 I ndot3
    pref = 1 1/ atm

    1/ For the reaction H20

    H2 + 1/202

    K = yH2 * y021\0.5) I yH20) * (p3 I pref)1\0.5


    II Data from Table A-27 are stored in EQH20.LUT.
    log(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQH20,1 ,T3,3)
    hr = h_T("H2",T1) + 0.5 * h_T("02",T2) + 1.88 * h_T("N2",T2)
    hp = (1-x)*hH20_3 + x*hH2_3 + (x/2)*h02_3 + 1.88*hN2_3
    hp = hr
    hH20_3 = h_T("H20",T3)
    hH2_3 = n,T("H2",T3)
    h02_3 = h_T("02",T3)
    hN2_3 = h_T("N2",T3)
    *1

    IT Results
    Part (a): T3 = 2526 K
    Part(b): x = 0.04563, K = 0.004239, T3 = 2432 K

    14- 5 to

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    PRrJeU3:M 14.48

    [Ctn-1Fol.)

    ITCode
    T1 = 77 + 459.67 II OR
    T2 = 77 + 459.67 II oR
    p3 = 1 /I atm
    ndot_CH4 = 1 /I Do calculations on the basis of 1 kmol of CH4 entering.

    II CH4 + 1.802 + 6.768 N2 ~ (1 - x) C02 + x CO + (1.6 + x) H20 + (0.4 - x) H2 + 6.768 N2


    ndotC02_3 = 1 - x
    ndotCO_3 =x
    ndotH20_3 = 1.6 + x
    ndotH2_3 = 0.4 - x
    ndotN2_3 = 6.768
    ndot02_3 = 1.8
    ndot3 = ndotC02_3 + ndotCO_3 + ndotH20_3 + ndotH2_3 + ndotN2_3
    yC02 = ndotC02_31 ndot3
    yCO = ndotCO_31 ndot3
    yH20 = ndotH20_31 ndot3
    yH2 = ndotH2_31 ndot3
    pref = 1 II atm
    II Forthe reaction: C02 + H2 B CO + H20
    K = (yCO * yH20) I (yC02 * yH2)
    II Data from Table A-27 are stored in EQWATGAS.LUT.
    10g(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQWATGAS,2,T3,3)
    0= hCH4_1 + 1.8*h02_2 + 6.768*hN2_2 - (1-x)*hC02_3 - x*hCO_3 - (1.6+x)*hH20_3 (0.4-x)*hH2_3 -6.768*hN2_3
    hCH4_1 = h_T("CH4",T1)
    h02_2 = h_T("02
    hN2_2 = h_T("N2
    hC02_3 = h_T(
    hCO_3 = h_T("CO",T3)
    hH20_3 = h_T("H20",T3)
    hH2_3 = h_T("H2
    hN2_3 = h_T(
    f1,T2)

    f1,T2)

    f l C 0 2 f1,T3)

    f1,T3)

    flN2",T3)

    IT Results
    K = 5.276
    x= 0.2694
    T3 = 4003R

    14-58

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    't t-Mv.ri- 1M ,-' ~ .'",,~ .. vo-t 0< K<08" e:1~(I),(1)tIoV'~ s ..... vH.. ~o~ .......

    -. ...cl Tl'

    So\v,~ "WCll."'v~\,,\

    TNt Cl~v""t

    ,....,Ht\-..t...bl-.,

    cf.~'-)

    "b

    Q"{ v,i, 10" VIM. ,

    14.. ~q

    13,=43i't>o~J)(-:: o,,.'fo.

    Peo6l-EM 14.4'1 ( Co",fd.)

    Non\'\, ....k..... T:,Q,:-

    s:r:.

    +~bt~

    c. r't"t! ",~d s ttl 'Z.S' 0C- J t..U~ '""s~ c::LA.+e.. Tt-V\AA -I- ~

    TAolo(' A-1.l

    tu

    ob~..,

    x (-1l0,S!o +- ~.(T! ) - &flb~J(o+(I.~) L-JQ!,no +-~ (Tt) - Q3""')C:;: ~ t h(T,l)- ib81.J o


    \98 ['ktT -lb''1J~~

    or

    x I ~ trt )
    co

    - \let, Wi)

    =-

    IIO J

    He>

    ... -II t ~3'O

    6tv .. k\'u-UJ)t'2.) ~ ~,,,,,,,"I~fIoC.Iu$ ~'7vQh~

    Q) j ~Ahve~ (.w"-/"""- -fT,.bl~

    I.

    c:l."-fcl..1

    X::

    D.t2.~

    -fvv- )(.,

    7j -= z.~"

    (3,

    Ie::

    (~)

    .s.()\V'''''~

    (41' e oR.)

    A-s op.f.cku() +\..\.c. ~y~~ (A,YWIl"",,t ~~ ~;..;. 1A.~~et I.e". ftiW+(~) I"~ i", "l-owe--r CO"M~~~ f'("otlAA.vt" Wf~~kM'< T) ~ "'- 'fjyuJ..e.r ~
    (()1- w-.-~uJ...

    ... tt-Jt.) ( i:(ol.(Ts)- IWI., "4] + { ( 't01.("11) - ...~U] '\- I.CUt"... ('Ii )-i6'Q

    D-(?

    ITCode
    T1 = 77 + 459.67 II oR
    T2 = 77 + 459.67 II oR
    p3 = 1 II atm
    ndotCO_1 = 1 II Do calculations on the basis of 1 Ibmol of CO entering.

    1/ CO + a (0.5) (02 + 3.76 N2) ~ x C02 + (1 - x) CO + a - x) I 2) 02 + a 1.88


    ndotC02_3 = x
    ndotCO_3 = 1 - x
    ndot02_3 = (a - x) I 2
    ndotN2_3 = a * 1.88
    ndot_3 = ndotC02_3 + ndotCO_3 + ndot02_3 + ndotN2_3
    yC02 = ndotC02_3 I ndot_3
    y02 = ndot02_3 I ndot_3
    yCO = ndotCO_3 I ndoC3
    pref = 1 II atm
    II Part (a):
    a = 0.8
    II For Part(b): Set a = 1.

    II For the reaction C02 <===> CO + 1/202


    K = (yCO) * (y02)"0.5) I (yC02 * (p3 I pref)".5
    II Data from Table A-27 are stored in EQC02A.LUT.
    10g(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQC02A,2,T3,3)
    0= hCO_1 + a*0.5*h02_2 + a*1.88*hN2_2 - x*hC02_3 - (1-x)*hCO_3a-x)/2)*h02_3 - a*1.88*hN2_3
    hCO_1 = h_T("CO",T1)
    h02_2 = h_T("02",T2)
    hN2_2 = h_T("N2",T2)
    hC02_3 = h_T("C02",T3)
    hCO_3 = h_T("CO",T3)
    h02_3 = h_T("02",T3)
    hN2_3 = h_T("N2",T3)

    IT Results
    Part (a): 80% theoretical air: x = 0.7658, T3 = 4380 0 R
    Part (b): Theoretical air: x = 0.8751 (Ibmol of CO out per Ibmol of CO in)
    T3 = 4318R

    14- "

    N1.

    i'NC:IC..uN~

    SoL", ~ -

    Se4t..

    +0 ?ADlole ...... 14, ~q.

    FI/u a \
    ~r'" ~.c.k CAr~ J If e +-e,.~",,<. f''''-- JIJl' ...., 't clufvv ch'""" p~,... lc:....-.o'
    Co q",\4-r"'\W'\'J
    SCH1:MI'\o"t I.e i (i,vE-N P".7.... :
    ~ Sow'n_1-o f~bl~"""" \4.4-C}.
    ASSv~p-rtON\.. \ ........ IOlvh'"",io P~~'~\.4oo'\ L4.40, 't. "'ZO=S"8ro~.

    ,AWA l.."r't'l s:

    (I>.) fioo"'""'--\'t...t.

    <!.O+

    h~ +0 Pf\.(Jb/~ .... 1+. 4q ) +~ ~ c..hO\A ,'S

    o40z.. -to Iso4-Nl. ~ on,

    s.\-eo.d::J ~+"'+.

    At

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    cOl.

    + O,2.~4CO -+

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    ~ f~ .....

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    t:SC.D)t":. S:<SliOjl): +,.17 8+"'I''''''0'o~.


    SO
    l..-,'TM. .,. 11.1..J

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    ~ 48 Ai'- ,.4\i"

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    .... ,.

    "i' 1..08 Bft.-Illo... t- ore.

    s~~2.'" ~~.. (~17) _ i. J- ~ ~z.:' 4f"" - '.1U, J- o itt:


    T~

    a.o'70l.T ('JD4 N~

    p"'-Odllc" .. ,. . o.'t. 4380 OR.

    't"

    ....." '-t.f.

    "'01

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    4 (.. 2.( (J/lA/II:1I..-, De.

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    2..,3 E

    S;o~':. ~1I1.(41SC'-i...t-~co),:. ".7Se~ '.4I9" ...... ~ = 7Cl./O 81M./'ltMto"0R.


    ::l '11

    Sco: ~o C43i1) - R..l-. ':1 to:.


    So",-.:.

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    a-ta.II&....' oJ:.

    ~S.U8~ \.'l?f.A- ~ :7~-.~1 Bfo,/lb...,,6l.

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    ,

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    ~ , ... ~ .d ... s A.t 7.!"' (/ I

    S.~(~8)-iiJ...,.~l>l.:
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    so.. =-

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    (r(:/) , ':. SC~ (~"'i):: /97.SV

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    Ij.7.;} <it"d. d",-+ ..

    ICJ!IC..... I./<

    fro_ {(l.6/.

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    ft .... ' ... 6/f..A'2.3


    A-~'

    ~co:. s:'(2.:WI)- R..a....~eo:: '2.(,,';).2.3CJ' -I '" 0..:.!ll" ~ ~q/.lfq, k.a/IC_I ...


    :1.4'111'""

    ....

    ~OL:.WCO&('l.3'I.,)-lJ.,.~(1>2:' ]1.017'-- R.t-.~ = 3.l0.~r, ~7/1:-_JK.


    'a,.,C/l('

    n'i"-'(/l - R J~~i':l'f

    RJ-

    = '307.~~

    O.O"OZf
    :M'H)-

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    :MUr

    ~~/t:.-'I<

    ~ '2. ;1.'0 c.::J/tIMo/K

    ~: (Q.I2.r)(~'t'~'i1) ~ (t>'&1S)(310.'f4;) ~ @.06tr)(Jo7.6U) i-Q'" )(~"Z. ~fo) C!.ct'.N)- (gn(~18.01) -

    ::

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    '2.'

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    'N~"'lr:I"3 """ S.I v~h

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    P"'C)IoI~_ l4~q(b)

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    ef\~l~

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    ot" ... H" -t..l,)I-e d o.t-o..


    " [-3tt3 '5l.O -+ lS"q) 11"7- ~'J(.,4-J + (1-'1..) C.-110)'5'30 +

    IOO,3~'"2.-i''''] + (a,It~lC)[lO+, 7es..."rz.]

    )C
    0",.

    ~u.,.-tlole"

    te.Ou

    ?-tl-3/7'-7J +

    <.r~)t-t~8et"'J

    -t

    ~Ql:')()(q~/03) :

    IIO/~'JO

    cii.'"

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    e1s. tl)

    ...... d

    () tnl4-'S' :

    ('I.)

    f I -'It Jl.( ~, .. tot)(.- ,,/fOR] -=">


    l "7"
    4.c.t 0 So'< + O,b~~

    lAs ..., t~s "A~~ frr ')( ,~, (1.) 1"....J


    0(:: l,
    0'a. r~,v,,~~ is 0.5 ~_lllC_\(.co'S', Acco,d.\~~l'a)

    e4 .

    1'-1- bIf

    -J"'--

    '1<= 0,702-

    ~ ~,t.ku..l

    o. ......-.._{

    ~.'t.r"i b'~'U 0l. ,'s 108 olD . . =


    ..4......- -

    IT Code
    T1 = 25 + 273.15 11K
    T2 = 25 + 273.15 11K
    T3 = 2950 II K
    p3 = 1 II atm
    ndotCO_1 = 1 II Do calculations on the basis of 1kmol of CO entering.
    II CO + (1+XS) (0.5) 02 ~ x C02 + (1 -x) CO + 1 + XS - x) 12) 02
    ndotC02_3 = x
    ndotCO_3 = 1 - x
    ndot02_3 = (1 + XS - x) I 2
    ndot3 = ndotC02_3 + ndotCO_3 + ndot02_3
    yC02 = ndotC02_3 I ndot3
    yCO = ndotCO_31 ndot3
    y02 = ndot02_3 I ndot3
    pref = 1 II atm
    II Forthe reaction C02 B CO + 1/202
    K = (yCO) * (y02)"0.5) I (yC02 * (p31 pref)"0.5
    II Data from Table A-27 are stored in EQC02A.LUT.
    10g(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQC02A,1,T3,3)

    o = hCO_1 + (1+XS)*(0.5)*h02_2 - x*hC02_3 - (1-x)*hCO_3 - 1+XS-x)/2)*h02_3


    hCO_1 = h_T("CO",T1)
    h02_2 = h_T("02",T2)
    hC02_3 h_T("C02",T3)
    hCO_3 h_T("CO",T3)
    h02_3 h_T("02",T3)
    PCTXS XS * 100

    =
    =
    =
    =

    IT Results
    x = 0.7019
    % excess oxygen

    =107.6%

    A \.''''1+V'~ .of CO

    !c:WOl.UN:

    ell\~ .... t

    0."

    of

    M''''''''' .. e

    F Ir-Jt>~

    Al\"

    j",s...\o.hd

    ~loe. +~~o'~-b<'6.1
    rt .. t~ ... o~ .....

    ('02.) CO J ()1.1 AMI

    /.-fr.LLL.L. L~~
    I

    ?1~I,5At ... .r-7//

    ,.u_

    tlo\~

    ~~i-kl'\j

    """'ll

    f\.\.V"e '

    l)ATA:

    l~

    tCO)-l~6.Ai"1/j
    T, ,.'1-01t ~

    """

    (t~at At IS41 ...

    Nz.

    C.+C."....I~e. +"t. -ie ....pt"V' ..d .... ,.~ O,f

    ""c.K6kl'\TIC 7; (;IVSt-J

    A.... o..... i 0t a"r .. ~ 72.0RJI.S"


    4'f- r~t"c>.cl..:;, ft.. ic. ,1(", EOf""/' b

    fI'"",

    <:0'11 co) O~J J,)1. ')


    T2,,"? ) P1.;: liAt.....

    1/
    ~V

    77;1' 7T/

    ASSOMt>TION~:lt)The .co",,+r~ vol,,~e skowO\ ,'", i~ o.c(,O_p."::)IlI\j f,',u.(~ 1'$ c"t


    ~te.. cl\ ~+A.'\e. 1..... +"'- Qc:v ~ W ey : l)
    A""~ t'\~3tt~,,,, +fun
    /I:.;lIIthC'.. AOId (J6fflJlft--.1

    tJt

    t.~er''JY.

    l1.) 'The

    en "'1.

    lM''ll,,-,.. e\.
    A""AL'rSlS:

    r.. h

    A "'0"""...
    1ota,\AlI\te.

    O~

    ,r
    ~t

    TI\c

    e,

    i"'30ill\J' o... c:I "djO"~ ..... ,y fu. ... ~ 1 Ar~ \Ito\dcl.I.c1 as


    is ,",e,.t.
    reocn'ol\ ,'s d.,Sc..r,ht"c/ b~

    1''''V6IV,''''~

    VQ f,o..

    ""'~t"" r~duc.J
    0

    \!41\d
    ~Ad:7

    A+

    )(

    - + -hco ]
    '2.,
    ~ ~Co + LO.S"'02."'.88"'~

    ~co

    c....i-tll\.

    1.f =-0

    fur

    01. Illl\cI

    -'+71 $'10 T hco(Tt.)- 372$.IJ -t

    +1.SS( hlJa. (71.)- 111 cMl

    ~'l.

    ell."" ".H' Ob+A"""~ d

    sf.fc

    ,'d eAr

    -fro_

    A'"

    'AJ

    e",.e.-,y

    - +:1
    - ~lC~co't'(I.,,)k(D
    1.
    ~

    "'0l +'.90~"'aJ

    1..

    a"\6 do.+A. foro ..... ~ ..;,,~ (ja.s T,,-blQ.r

    C.I~) [ -U"ql Joo + l;co1.(Td

    : C.~ lSC2.~,q - 17lr.11

    - IJ,O'l.7.r-]

    + ~[

    i;Oi (Td-

    rns. I J

    t I. '8(56/)1-.) - )7z'.)'""1 ... L-4'INO~ ~oo(,.I- :t71.S': IJ

    :: - 4'3 'L\)
    I

    ~i~\~l'\Q..oV..\ L...::. X. ta" cl T~, "I .... srn-h'~ \ tt-itac.+\"" "'1 "'Ah~ 10 ~ +~ .fo- Co G\lI\c:I C~ il:l Jo-......: ~ ~e ~
    '( _""i- Q.e ~ ~ jYlf~",vAl
    0<)( <; (.
    'Solvi~j (.1), Ct) i~" h~
    u. t , .... ') -t~ c:L...-t... J
    'I( ~ 0.\31.5")
    Tz. '= 4-42.0 o~
    AlA----------

    E"l"",+'CI\o4(1) )(1.) o.t'e,

    The. Sow.h"~ ?V"ael.\.tut

    ~ n.)C+ f~ use IT -ft> cwo1,(.( ~ ~~lZ.o So~


    et- S\"w.\A.A\-o.MQ.S~ e.~+-~.) iIMlO\"I"J +o..bW!. ~.
    O'VI.

    fTCode

    T1 = 260 + 459.67 II oR
    p1 = 1.5 /I atm
    p2 = 1.5 II atm
    ndotCO_1 = 1 II Do calculations on the basis of 1 Ibmol of CO entering.

    II CO + 0.5 02 + 1.88 N2 ===> x C02 + (1 - x) CO + (1 - x)/2 02 + 1.88 N2


    ndotC02_2 = x
    ndotCO_2 = 1 - x
    ndot02_2 = (1 - x) I 2
    ndotN2_2 = 1.88
    ndot2 = ndotC02_2 + ndotCO_2 + ndot02_2 + ndotN2_2
    yC02 = ndotC02_2 I ndot2
    yCO = ndotCO_2 I ndot2
    y02 = ndot02_2 I ndot2
    pref = 1 II atm
    II Forthe reaction C02 <===> CO + 1/202
    K = (yCO)*(y02"0.5 I (yC02 * (p2 I pref)"0.5
    /I Data from Table A-27 are stored in EQC02A.LUT.
    10g(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQC02A,2,T2,3)
    0= hCO_1 + 0.5*h02_1 + 1.88*hN2_1 - x*hC02_2 - (1-x)*hCO_2 - 1-x)/2)*h02_2 - 1.88*hN2_2
    hCO_1 = h_T("CO",T1)
    h02_1 = h_T("02",T1)
    hN2_1 = h_T("N2",T1)
    hC02_2 = h_T("C02",T2)
    hCO_2 = h_T("CO",T2)
    h02_2 = h_T("02",T2)
    hN2_2 = h_T("N2",T2)

    fTResults
    K = 0.02862
    x = 0.8659
    T2 = 4422R

    14-

    '1

    C'"'4 At. '1.~oc.J 10.1.... ~ ....h ..r

    \<"-,ouo,,,,:

    ~d.

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    '" Jled

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    o~

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    Hz.ot1 1 ~c.""s cd '12.5bIC, lQ

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    lL.~ 11."7 -c

    1_1_

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    IlI-bB

    PRo6tE.M 14.S 3

    l Co~Fc.{. )

    Ite~~ve. Sol~~ of- S \Ml.l\4"C,Dl.lt ~1.tA~ j",vlPl Vl~~ tAIe>I-e. i:s ~voiJul L?.'j
    I T 1 ~~ follows.
    I.

    IT Code

    T1 = 25 + 273.15 1/ K
    T2=127+273.15 11K
    T3 = 3250 II K
    p3 = 1 /I atm
    ndotCH4_1 = 1 1/ Do calculations on the basis of 1 kmol of CH4 entering.
    II CH4 + A 02 ===> x C02 + (1 - x) CO + (A - (3 + x) 12) 02 + 2 H20
    ndotC02_3 = x
    ndotCO_3 = 1 - x
    ndot02_3 = A - (3 + x)/2
    ndotH20_3 = 2
    ndot3 = ndotC02_3 + ndotCO_3 + ndot02_3 + ndotH20_3
    yC02 = ndotC02_3 I ndot3
    yCO = ndotCO_31 ndot3
    y02 = ndot02_3 I ndot3
    pref = 1 II atm
    II Forthe reaction C02 <===> CO + 1/202
    K = (yCO) * (y02 AO.5 I (yC02 * (p3 I pref) AO.5
    II Data from Table A-27 are stored in EQC02A.LUT.
    10g(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQC02A,1 ,T3,3)

    0= hCH4_1 + A*h02_2 - (x*hC02_3 + (1-x)*hCO_3 + (A-(3+x)/2)*h02_3 + 2*hH20_3)


    hCH4_1 = h_T("CH4",T1)
    h02_2 = h_T("02",T2)
    hC02_3 = h_T("C02",T3)
    hCO_3 = h_T("CO",T3)
    h02_3 = h_T("02",T3)
    hH20_3 = h_T("H20",T3)

    IT Result

    02,2

    In

    CH
    4

    = 4.037 kmol/kmol

    lA.1''''j

    KNOWN:

    ,...,tI ~

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    ,4

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    PROBCeM 14.54

    CCc1# d. )
    l

    AI+er~t:lhve. SollA..~ U~I~a fT.


    IT Code
    T1 = 77 + 459.67 II oR
    p1 = 1// atm
    T2 = 77 + 459.67 II oR
    p2 = 1 II atm
    p3 = 1 II atm
    To = 537 II oR
    ndotCH4_1 = 1 II Do calculations on the basis of 1 Ibmol of CH4 entering.
    II CH4 + 2 * (02 + 3.76 N2) ~ (1 - x) C02 + x CO + x/2 02 + 2 H20 + 7.52 N2
    ndotC02_3 = 1 - x
    ndotCO_3 = x
    ndot02_3 = x/2
    ndotH20_3 = 2
    ndotN2_3 = 7.52
    ndot3 = ndotC02_3 + ndotCO_3 + ndot02_3 + ndotH20_3 + ndotN2_3
    yC02 = ndotC02_3 I ndot3
    yCO = ndotCO_3 I ndot3
    y02 = ndot02_3 I ndot3
    yH20 = ndotH20_3 I ndot3
    yN2 = ndotN2_3 I ndot3
    pref = 1 II atm
    II Forthe reaction C02 B CO + 1/202
    K = yCO * y02"0.5) I yC02) * (p3 I pref)"0.5
    II Data from Table A-27 are stored in EQC02A.LUT.
    10g(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQC02A,2,T3,3)

    0= hCH4_1 + 2*h02_2 + 7.52*hN2_2 - 1-x)*hC02_3 + x*hCO_3 + (x/2)*h02_3 + 2*hH20_3


    +7.52*hN2_3)
    hCH4_1 = h_T("CH4",T1)
    h02_2 = n,T("02",T2)
    hN2_2 = h_T("N2",T2)
    hC02_3 = h_T("C02",T3)
    hCO_3 = h_T("CO",T3)
    h02_3 = h_T("02",T3)
    hH20_3 = h_T("H20",T3)
    hN2_3 = h_T("N2",T3)
    Edotd = To * (sigmadot/ ndotCH4_1)
    sigmadot I ndotCH4_1 = (1-x)*sC02_3 + x*sCO_3 + (x/2)*s02_3 + 2*sH20_3 + 7.52*sN2_3sCH4_1 - 2*502_2 - 7.52*sN2_2
    sCH4_1 = 5_Tp("CH4",T1,p1)
    p02_2 = .21 * p2
    502_2 = 5_Tp("02",T2,p02_2)
    pN2_2 = .79 * p2
    sN2_2 = 5_Tp("N2",T2,pN2_2)
    pC02_3 = yC02 * p3
    sC02_3 = 5_Tp("C02",T3,pC02_3)
    IT Results
    pCO_3 = yCO * p3
    sCO_3 = 5_Tp("CO",T3,pCO_3)
    x = 0.109
    p02_3 = y02 * p3
    T3= 406rR
    502_3 = 5_Tp("02",T3,p02_3)
    0- IJiCH = 189.3 Btu/lbmol(CH 4YR
    pH20_3 = yH20 * p3
    cv
    4
    sH20_3 = s_Tp("H20",T3,pH20_3)
    pN2_3 = yN2 * p3
    Ed I Ji CH = 1.016 x 105 Btu/lbmol(CH 4)
    sN2_3 = 5_Tp("N2",T3,pN2_3)
    4

    14-1Z

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    IY-,3

    14.55 (Ccw+'al.)

    PJ2oJ3(.eM

    T1 = 25 + 273.15 11K
    T2 = 25 + 273.15 11K
    p3 = 1 II atm
    x=1
    ndotCH4_1 = 1 II Do calculations on the basis of 1 kmol of CH4 entering.

    II CH4 + (2 * x) 02 + (7.52 * x) N2 ===>


    II
    (1- a) C02 + a CO + (2 * x + a /2 - 2) 02 + 2 H20 + (7.52 * x) N2
    ndotC02_3 = 1 - a
    ndotCO_3 = a
    ndot02_3 = 2 * x + a 12 - 2
    ndotH20_3 = 2
    ndotN2_3 = 7.52 * x
    ndot3 = ndotC02_3 + ndotCO_3 + ndot02_3 + ndotH20_3 + ndotN2_3
    yC02 = ndotC02_3/ ndot3
    yCO = ndotCO_3 I ndot3
    y02 = ndot02_3 I ndot3
    pref = 1 II atm
    II Forthe reaction: C02 <===> CO + 1/202
    K = yCO * y021\0.5) I yC02) * (p3 I pref)1\0.5
    II Data from Table A-27 are stored in EQC02A.LUT.
    10g(K) = LOOKUPVAL(EQC02A,1 ,T3,3)
    0= hCH4_1 + 2*x*h02_2 + 7.52*x*hN2_2 - 1-a)*hC02_3 + a*hCO_3 + (2*x+a/2-2)*h02_3 +
    2*hH20_3 + 7.52*x*hN2_3)
    hCH4_1 = h_T("CH4",T1)
    h02_2 = h_T("02",T2)
    hN2_2 = h_T("N2",T2)
    hC02_3 = h_T("C02",T3)
    hCO_3 = h_T("CO",T3)
    h02_3 = h_T("02",T3)
    3000 . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    hH20_3 = h_T("H20",T3)
    hN2_3 = h_T("N2",T3)
    2500

    2000

    IT Results

    1.0
    1.5
    2.0
    2.5
    3.0
    3.5
    4.0

    0.109
    7.025 x 10-4
    1.036 x 10-5
    2.471 x 10-7
    8.101 X 10-9
    3.934 x 10-10
    5.312 x 10-12

    T 3(K)
    2259
    1789
    1481
    1280
    1138
    1032
    950.7

    SZ

    '"

    1500

    I-

    1000
    500
    0
    1.5

    2.5

    4s

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    ~ ~ ~ ~ C.O etu..r~e..

    3.5

    14.5"

    'PR06L.EM
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    IT Code

    nCO_1 = 1 II kmol
    n02_1 = 0.5 /I kmol
    T1 = 227 + 273.15 11K
    p1 = 1 II atm
    n1 = nCO_1 + n02_1 + nN2
    /I CO + 0.5 02 + 1.88 N2 ~ x CO + (1 - x) C02 + x/2 02 + 1.88 N2

    nCO=x
    nC02 = 1 - x
    n02 = x/2
    nN2 = 1.88
    n2 = nCO + nC02 + n02 + nN2
    yCO = nCO I n2
    y02 = n021 n2
    yC02 = nC02 I n2
    pref = 1 /I atm
    p21 p1 = (n21 n1) * (T21 T1)
    II Forthe reaction C02 B CO + 1/202
    K = yCO * y02"0.5) I yC02) * (p21 pref)"0.5

    II Data from Table A-27 are stored in EQC02A.LUT.


    log(K) = Lookupval(EQC02A,1,T2,3)
    U21 nCO_1 = (x * uCO_2 + (1 - x) * uC02_2 + (x 12) * u02_2 + 1.88 * uN2_2)
    U11 nCO_1 = (uCO_1 + 0.5 * u02_1 + 1.88 * uN2_1)

    U2= U1
    uCO_1 = u_T("CO",T1)
    u02_1 = u_T("02",T1)
    uN2_1 = u_T("N2",T1)
    uCO_2 = u_T("CO",T2)
    uC02_2 = u_T("C02",T2)
    u02_2 = U_T("02",T2)
    uN2",-2 = u_T("N2",T2)

    IT Results

    n2 = 2.993 kmol
    x= 0.2262
    T2 = 2760 K
    P2 = 4.887atm

    1"1-"7 b

    14. 57

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    II Look up log10(K1) in EQC02A.LUT.
    log(K1) = LOOKUPVAL(EQC02A,1 ,T,3)

    II Look up log10(K2) in EQNO.LUT.


    10g(K2) = LOOKUPVAL(EQNO,1,T,3)

    IT Results

    K 1 = 0.3273
    K2= 0.1222
    Yco = 0.06506
    YC02 = 0.2574
    YN2 = 0.303
    YNO = 0.03896
    Y02 = 0.3355

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    ITCode
    T = 2227 + 273.15 // K
    p= 1 lIatm

    II C02 + H20

    x C02 + Y H20 + (1 - x) CO + 1/2 (1 - x - y) 02 + (1 - y) lol,.

    nC02 =x
    nH20 = y
    nCO = 1 - x
    n02 = (1/2) * (1 - x - y)
    nH2 = 1 - Y
    ntot = nC02 + nH20 + nCO + n02 + nH2
    yC02 = nC02 / ntot
    yH20 = nH20 / ntot
    yCO = nCO / ntot
    y02 = n02 / ntot
    yH2 = nH2 / ntot
    pref = 1 // atm
    // For the reaction: C02 B CO + 1/2 02
    K1 = yCO * y02"0.5) / yC02) * (p / pref)"0.5

    II Look up log10(K2) in EQC02A.LUT.


    log(K1) = LOOKUPVAL(EQC02A,1,T,3)
    // For the reaction: C02 + H2 B CO + H20
    K2= (yCO * yH20) / (yC02 * yH2)
    // Look up log10(K1) in EQWATGAS.LUT.
    10g(K2) = LOOKUPVAL(EQWATGAS, 1,T,3)

    IT Results
    K1 = 0.03634
    K2 =6.082
    nCO = 0.7119 kmol
    nC02 = 0.2881 kmol
    nH2 = 0.2889 kmol
    nH20= 0.7111 kmol
    n02 = 0.0004324 kmol
    x = 0.2881
    Y = 0.7111

    1"1- BS

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    IT Code

    T = 4220 + 459.67 1/ oR
    P = 1 II atm

    II 3 C02 + 6 CO + 1 H2 ~ x C02 + (9 - x) CO + (3 - x - 2y) H20 + (x + 2y - 2) H2 + Y 02


    nC02 =x
    nCO = 9-x
    nH20 = 3 - x - 2*y
    nH2 = x + 2*y - 2
    n02 =y
    ntot = nC02 + nCO + nH20 + nH2 + n02
    yC02 = nC02 I ntot
    yCO = nCO I ntot
    yH20 = nH20 I ntot
    yH2 = nH2 I ntot
    y02 = n02 I ntot
    pref = 1 1/ atm
    1/ Forthe reaction: C02 B CO + 1/202
    K1 = yCO * y02"0.5) I yC02) * (p I pref)"0.5
    1/ Look up log10(K1) in EQC02A.LUT.
    log(K1) = LOOKUPVAL(EQC02A,2,T,3)
    1/ For the reaction: H20 B H2 + 1/202
    K2 = yH2 * y02"0.5) I yH20) * (p I pref)"0.5
    1/ Look up log1 O(K2) in EQH20.LUT.
    10g(K2) = LOOKUPVAL(EQH20,2,T,3)

    IT Results

    K1 = 0.06034
    K2= 0.00952
    nco = 6.694 Ibmol
    nC02 = 2.306 Ibmol
    nH2 = 0.3142 Ibmol
    nH20 = 0.6858
    n02 = 0.00432
    x = 2.306
    Y = 0432

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    ITCode
    T = 1400 /I K
    P = 20 /I atm
    K2 = 8.4E-10

    /I C4H10 + 13 (02 + 3.76 N2) ~


    4 C02 + 5 H20 + x NO + Y N02 + (6.5 - x/2 - y) 02 + (48.88 - x/2 - y/2) N2
    nC02 = 4
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    ntot = nC02 + nH20 + nNO + nN02 + n02 + nN2
    yNO = nNO I ntot
    y02 = n02 I ntot
    yN02 = nN02 I ntot
    yN2 = nN2 I ntot
    pref = 1 II atm
    II Forthe reaction: 1/2 N2 + 1/202 B NO
    K1 = (yNO I (yN2"0.5 * y02"0.5
    II Data from Table A-27 are stored in EQNO.LUT.
    log(K1) = LOOKUPVAL(EQNO,1,T,3)

    II For the reaction: N2 + 2 02 B 2 N02


    K2 = (yN02"2 I (yN2 * y02"2 * (p I pref)"-1
    IT Results
    K1 = 0.001941
    nC02 = 4 kmol/kmol(C 4H lO)
    nH20 = 5 kmol/kmol(C 4H10)
    nNO = 0.03454 kmol/kmol(C 4H lO)
    nN02 = 0.0007319 kmol/kmol(C 4H lO)
    n02 = 6.482 kmol/kmol(C 4H lO)
    nN2 = 48.86 kmol/kmol(C 4H lO)

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    /TCode
    T = 5000 1/ oR
    P = 1 II atm
    II H20 ~ a H2 + b 02 + c OH + d H20
    1 = a + c/2 + d II H2 balance
    112
    b + c/2 + d/2 II 02 balance
    ntot = a + b + c + d
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    yOH cl ntot
    yH20 d I ntot
    pref = 1 II atm

    =
    =

    II Forthe reaction: H20 B H2 + 1/202


    K1 = yH2 * y02 AO.5) I yH20) * (p I pref)AO.5
    II Data from Table A-27 are stored in EQH20.LUT
    log(K1) LOOKUPVAL(EQH20,2,T,3)

    1/ For the reaction: H20 B OH + 1/2 H2


    K2 = yOH * yH2AO.5) I yH20) * (p I pref)AO.5
    II Data from Table A-27 are stored in EQH20_0H.LUT.
    log(K2) = LOOKUPVAL(EQH20_0H,2,T,3)
    /TResults
    K 1 = 0.0201
    K2 :: 0.02147
    a = 0.09828 Ibmol
    b = 0.03376 Ibmol
    c 0.06153 Ibmol
    d 0.8709 Ibmol

    =
    =

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    ITCode
    T = 3000 /I K
    P = 1 II atm

    II H20 ~ a H20 + b H2 + c02 + d H + e OH


    1 = a + b + d/2 /I H2 balance
    112 = a/2 + c + e/2 II 02 balance
    ntot = a + b + c + d + e
    yH20 = a I ntot
    yH2 = b I ntot
    y02 = c I ntot
    yH = d I ntot
    yOH = e I ntot
    pref = 1 /I atm

    /I H20 B H2 + 1/2 02
    /I H20 B 112 H2 + OH
    /I H2 B2 H

    /I Reaction 1
    /I Reaction 2
    /I Reaction 3

    K1 = yH2 * y02/10.5) I yH20) * (p I pref)/lO.5


    K2 = yH2/10.5 * yOH) I yH20) * (p I pref)/lO.5
    K3 = (yH/l2 I yH2) * (p I pref)/l1

    /I Data from Table A-27 are stored in EQH20.LUT, EQH20_0H.LUT, and EQH2.LUT.
    /I Look up log1O(K) in the appropriate tables.
    log(K1) = LOOKUPVAL(EQH20,1,T,3)
    10g(K2) = LOOKUPVAL(EQH20_0H,1,T,3)
    log(K3) = LOOKUPVAL(EQH2,1,T,3)
    IT Results
    Part (a): T = 2800 K
    nH20 = 0.8719 kmol
    nH2= 0.1136 kmol
    n02 = 0.03162 kmol
    nH = 0.02894 kmol
    nOH = 0.06481 kmol
    Part (b): T = 3000 K
    nH20 = 0.7884 kmol
    nH2 = 0.1755 kmol
    n02 = 0.04983 kmol
    ru, = 0.07216 kmol
    nOH= 0.1119 kmol

    It; - q to

    c.)

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