GII MU THI CUI K GII TCH 1

Bn quyn thuc v Ngn Hng Thi H Bch Khoa HCM

https://www.facebook.com/nganhangdethibkhcm
1 Cu 1
Kho st v v th hm s:
y =

x
2
6x + 10
x 5
1.1 Hng dn gii
- Tp xc nh ca hm s: D = R \ {5}
- Ta vit li hm s: y = (x
2
6x + 10)
1
2
(x 5)
1
ln|y| =
1
2
ln(x
2
6x + 10) ln|x 5|
- o hm ca hm s:
y

y
=
x 3
x
2
6x + 10

1
x 5
=
(x 3)(x 5) (x
2
6x + 10)
(x
2
6x + 10)(x 5)
y

x
2
6x + 10
x 5
_
5 2x
(x
2
6x + 10)(x 5)
_
=
5 2x
(x 5)
2

x
2
6x + 10
+ im lm o hm bng 0:
y

= 0 x =
5
2
+ im lm o hm khng xc nh l: x = 5
- Bng bin thin:
1
x
y

5
2
5 +
+ 0
1 1

5
5

5
5

+
11
- Kt lun:
+ Hm s ng bin trn:
_
,
5
2

+ Hm s nghch bin trn:

_
5
2
, 5
_
(5, +)
+ Hm s t ch t cc i ti x =
5
2
v y
C
=

5
5
- Cc im dng v th:
x = 2 y =

26
7
0, 7284
x = 1 y =

17
6
0, 6872
x = 0 y =

10
5
0, 6325
x =
5
2
y =

5
5
0, 4472
x = 3 y =
1
2
x = 6 y =

10 3, 1623
x = 7 y =

17
2
2, 0616
- TIM CN NG:
lim
x5
+

x
2
6x + 10
x 5
= lim
x5
+

5
x 5
= +
lim
x5

x
2
6x + 10
x 5
= lim
x5

5
x 5
=
2
hm s c x = 5 tim cn ng.
- TIM CN XIN:
a = lim
x

x
2
6x + 10
x 5
1
x
= lim
x
_
1
6
x
+
10
x
2
x 5
= 0
b = lim
x+

x
2
6x + 10
x 5
= lim
x+
x
_
1
6
x
+
10
x
2
x
_
1
5
x
_ = 1
b = lim
x

x
2
6x + 10
x 5
= lim
x
|x|
_
1
6
x
+
10
x
2
x
_
1
5
x
_ = 1
khng c tim cn xin.
y = 1 l tim cn ngang v pha phi v y = 1 l tim cn ngang v
pha tri ca th hm s.
- TH HM S:
2 Cu 2
Cho min D gii hn bi cc ng cong sau:
x = 0, y = 1, y = x
2
2x
Tnh th tch vt th to ra khi D quay quanh trc Oy.
3
2.1 Hng dn gii
2.1.1 Cch 1
- Ta c: x = 0 y = x
2
2x = 0
- i bin ca hm y = x
2
2x
+ Ta c:
x
2
2x y = 0

= 1 + y
x = 1 +
_
1 + y x = 1
_
1 + y
+ Ta chn x = 1 +

1 + y (v ng cong b gii hn bi x = 0, nu chn

x = 1

1 + y th vi gi tr y > 0 lm cho gi tr x m dn n khng

tha).
- T ta c:
V
Oy
=
_
0
1
[(1
_
1 + y)
2
]dy =
_
0
1
(2 + y 2
_
1 + y)dy
=
_
2y +
y
2
2

4
3
_
(1 + y)
3
_
|
0
1
=

6
2.1.2 Cch 2
- Honh giao im ca y = x
2
2x v y = 1:
x
2
2x = 1 x = 1
- Ta c cng thc sau, nh cp trong cc n trc:
V
Oy
= 2
_
x
b
xa
|xf(x)|dx
- T ta c:
V
Oy
= 2
_
1
0
[x(x
2
2x) x.(1)]dx = 2
_
1
0
(x
3
2x
2
+ x)dx
= 2
_
x
4
4

2x
3
3
+
x
2
2
_
|
1
0
=

6
4
3 Cu 3
Tm tch phn sau hi t
I =
_
+
1
x

_
e
2
x
2
e

3
x
2
_
dx
Tnh tch phn khi = 5
3.1 Hng dn gii
- y l tch phn suy rng loi 1.
- Khi x +, ta c:
x

_
e
2
x
2
e

3
x
2
_
= x

[(e
2
x
2
1) (e

3
x
2
1)] x

_
2
x
2

3
x
2
_
=
5x

x
2
=
5
x
2
- tch phn hi t th:
2 > 1 < 1
- Khi = 5, tch phn tr thnh:
I =
_
+
1
e
2
x
2
e

3
x
2
x
5
dx
+ t:
u =
1
x
2
du =
2
x
3
dx
+ i cn:
x = 1 u = 1 ; x = +y = 0
+ Tch phn tr thnh:
I =
1
2
_
1
0
u(e
2u
e
3u
)du =
1
2
_
1
0
ue
2u
du
1
2
_
1
0
ue
3u
du = I
1
I
2
- Tnh I
1
:
+ t:
t = u dt = du
5
dv = e
2u
du v =
1
2
e
2u
I
1
=
1
2
_
u
2
e
2u
|
1
0

_
1
0
1
2
e
2u
du
_
=
1
2
_
u
2
e
2u
|
1
0

1
4
e
2u
|
1
0
_
=
e
2
8
+
1
8
- Tnh I
2
:
+ t:
t = u dt = du
dv = e
3u
du v =
1
3
e
3u
I
2
=
1
2
_

u
3
e
3u
|
1
0
+
_
1
0
1
3
e
3u
du
_
=
1
2
_

u
3
e
3u
|
1
0

1
9
e
3u
|
1
0
_
=
2
9e
3
+
1
18
- Vy:
I =
e
2
8
+
2
9e
3
+
5
72
4 Cu 4
Gii phng trnh:
a) 2(3xy
2
+ 2x
3
)dx + 3(2x
2
y + y
2
)dy = 0
b) y

+ 4y

+ 8y = 10xe
x
24
4.1 Hng dn gii
4.1.1 Cu a
- t:
P(x) = 2(3xy
2
+ 2x
3
) = 6xy
2
+ 4x
3
Q(x) = 3(2x
2
y + y
2
) = 6x
2
y + 3y
2
- Xt:
Q(x)
x
= 12xy
P(x)
y
= 12xy
6

Q(x)
x
=
P(x)
y
y l phng trnh vi phn ton phn.
- Nghim tng qut ca phng trnh l:
u(x, y) =
_
x
0
P(x, y)dx +
_
y
0
Q(0, y)dy = C

_
x
0
(6xy
2
+ 4x
3
)dx +
_
y
0
(0 + 3y
2
)dy = C
3x
2
y
2
+ x
4
+ y
3
= C
4.1.2 Cu b
y

+ 4y

+ 8y = 10xe
x
24
- Phng trnh c trng:
k
2
+ 4k + 8 = 0 k
1
= 2 + 2i k
2
= 2 2i
- Vi k
1
= 2 + 2i, nghim ca phng trnh thun nht:
y
0
= e
2x
(C
1
cos 2x + C
2
sin 2x)
- Ta xt:
f(x) = 10xe
x
24 = f
1
(x) + f
2
(x)
- Vi:
f
1
(x) = 10xe
x
= P
n
(x)e
x
+ T suy ra c:
= 1 ; P
n
(x) bc 1
- Nghim ring c dng:
y
r
= x
s
e
x
Q
n
(x)
+ Trong :
s = 0 v = 1 khng l nghim n ca phng trnh c trng.
Q
n
(x) = Ax + B v cng bc vi P
n
(x)
+ Khi ta c:
y
r1
= e
x
(Ax + B)
7
y

r1
= e
x
(Ax + B) + Ae
x
= e
x
(Ax + A B)
y

r1
= e
x
(Ax + A B) Ae
x
= e
x
(Ax 2A + B)
+ Nhn thm h s cng theo v, ta c:
8y
r1
= e
x
(8Ax + 8B)
4y

r1
= e
x
(Ax + B) + Ae
x
= e
x
(4Ax + 4A 4B)
y

r1
= e
x
(Ax + A B) Ae
x
= e
x
(Ax 2A + B)
+ Cng 2 v li, ta c:
y

r1
+ 4y

r1
+ 8y
r1
= e
x
(Ax 2A + B) + e
x
(4Ax + 4A 4B) + e
x
(8Ax + 8B)
= e
x
(5Ax + 2A + 5B)
+ T ta c:
e
x
(5Ax + 2A + 5B) = 10xe
x
+ T ta c h sau:
_
5A = 10
2A + 5B = 0

_
A = 2
B =
4
5
+ Ta c nghim ring ng vi f
1
(x) l:
y
r1
= e
x
_
2x
4
5
_
- Vi:
f
2
(x) = 24 = P
n
(x)e
x
+ T suy ra c:
= 0 ; P
n
(x) bc 0
- Nghim ring c dng:
y
r
= x
s
e
x
Q
n
(x)
- Tng t, suy ra:
y
r2
= A
8
y

r2
= 0
y

r2
= 0
+ Nhn thm h s cng theo v, ta c:
8y
r2
= 8A
4y

r1
= 0
y

r1
= 0
+ Suy ra:
8A = 24 A = 3
+ KT LUN: Nghim ca phng trnh l:
y = e
2x
(C
1
cos 2x + C
2
sin 2x) + e
x
_
2x
4
5
_
3
5 Cu 5
Gii h phng trnh:
_
x

= 11x + 5y 2e
t
(1)
y

= 30x + 14y (2)

5.1 Hng dn gii
5.1.1 Phng php kh
- Ta ly 30 (1) 11 (2), ta c:
30x

11y

= 4y 60e
t
(3)
- o hm 2 v ca phng trnh (2) theo t, ta c:
y

= 30x

+ 14y

30x

= y

+ 14y

(4)
- Thay (4) vo (3), ta c:
y

3y

4y = 60e
t
(3)
9
+ Phng trnh c trng:
k
2
3k 4 = 0 k
1
= 1 k
2
= 4
+ Nghim ca phng trnh thun nht:
y
0
= C
1
e
t
+ C
2
e
4t
+ Ta xt:
f(t) = 60e
t
= e
t
P
n
(t)
+ Suy ra:
= 1 ; P
n
(t) bc 0
+ Nghim ring ca phng trnh khng thun nht c dng:
y
r
= t
s
e
t
Q
n
(t)
+ Trong :
s = 1 do = 1 l nghim n ca phng trnh thun nht.
Q
n
(t) = A do cng bc vi P
n
(t)
+ Do :
y
r
= Ate
t
y

r
= Ae
t
Ate
t
= e
t
(At + A)
y

r
= e
t
(At + A) Ae
t
= e
t
(At 2A)
+ Nhn h s cng theo v d dng, ta c:
4y
r
= 4Ate
t
3y

r
= e
t
(3At 3A)
y

r
= e
t
(At 2A)
+ Cng theo v li ta c:
y

r
3y

r
4y

r
= 5Ae
t
+ V ta c:
60e
t
= 5Ae
t
A = 12
- Vy nghim tng qut l:
y = C
1
e
t
+ C
2
e
4t
12te
t
10
+ Suy ra:
y

= C
1
e
t
+ 4C
2
e
4t
12e
t
+ 12te
t
+ Thay vo (2), ta c:
C
1
e
t
+ 4C
2
e
4t
12e
t
+ 12te
t
= 30x + 14[C
1
e
t
+ C
2
e
4t
12te
t
]
30x = C
1
e
t
4C
2
e
4t
+ 12e
t
12te
t
+ 14C
1
e
t
+ 14C
2
e
4t
168te
t
30x = 15C
1
e
t
+ 10C
2
e
4t
180te
t
+ 12e
t
x =
1
2
C
1
e
t
+
1
3
C
2
e
4t
6te
t
+
2
5
e
t
- KT LUN: Nghim ca h phng trnh l:
_
x =
1
2
C
1
e
t
+
1
3
C
2
e
4t
6te
t
+
2
5
e
t
y = C
1
e
t
+ C
2
e
4t
12te
t
- kim chng li nghim ca h ng hay khng, ta thay cc nghim
tng ng ny vo h, sao cho 2 v bng nhau l c.
11