.

ADDRESS :

TILAK ROAD, GHATKOPAR (E), MUMBAI 400077.

SUBJECT NAME : EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION. A PROJECT ON : 14/9/2009. SUBMITTED TO : PROF. JAYANT GORPHADE. SUBMITTED BY : VORA . MONICK . J. KOTHARI . VISHAL . G. DEDHIYA . DARPAN . K. RATNANI . HIREN . D. KATTA . NIKHIL . H.

STANDARD : F.Y.B.B.I.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ANY ATTEMPT AT ANY LEVEL CANNOT BE SATISFACTORILY COMPLETED WITHOUT THE SUPPORT AND GUIDANCE OF LEARNED PEOPLE.WE WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS OUR IMMENSE GRATITUDE TO MR.JAYANT .GORPHADE FOR HIS CONSTANT SUPPORT AND MOTIVATION THAT HAS ENCOURAGED US TO COME UP WITH THIS PROJECT. WE ARE ALSO THANKFUL TO ALL OTHER MEMBERS PRINCIPALS,TEACHERS,& FRIENDS WHO HAVE RENDERED THEIR WHOLE HERATED SUPPORT AT ALL TIMES FOR THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETEION OF THIS PROJECT.

INDEX INTRODUCTION

History of writing Modern writing Materials of writing TYPES OF WRITING Tips on writing skills Customer Focused Writing METHODS The Importance of Good Writing Skills The Benefits CONCLUSION BIBLOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION
WritingSkills
Before You Write It Down, Know This Many people are intimidated by writing. Even so, there are times when writing is the best way to communicate, and oftentimes the only way to get

History of writing
In the history of how systems of representation of language through graphic means have evolved in different human civilizations, more complete writing systems were preceded by proto-writing, systems of ideographic and/or early mnemonic symbol. Language expresses thought, preserves thought, and also suggests or creates thought. It has been considered obvious that, so long as language is unwritten, it can accomplish these ends only in a very imperfect measure. Hence it may well be supposed that, at a very early stage of man's history, attempts were made to present in some way to the eye the thought which spoken language conveyed to the ear, and thus give it visible form and permanence.[1] However, this understanding does not necessarily go

Modern writing
The nature of writing has been constantly evolving, particularly due to the development of new technologies over the centuries. The pen, the printing press, the computer and the mobile phone are all technological developments which have altered what is written, and the medium through which the written word is produced. Particularly with the advent of digital technologies, namely the computer and the mobile phone, characters can be formed by the press of a button, rather than making the physical motion with the hand. The nature of the written word had evolved over time to make way for an informal, colloquial written style, where an everyday conversation can occur through writing rather than speaking. Written communication can also be delivered with minimal time delay (e-mail, SMS), and in some cases, instantly (instant messaging). Writing creates the possibility to break spatial boundaries and travel through time, since a word normally spoken could only exist in the time and space it is spoken in. It creates a certain immortality, that could not be experienced without writing. Socially, writing is seen as an authoritative means of communication, from legal

Materials of writing
Main article: Writing material There is no very definite statement as to the material which was in most common use for the purposes of writing at start of the early writing systems.[1] In all ages it has been customary to engrave on stone or metal, or other durable material, with the view of securing the permanency of the record; and accordingly, in the very commencement of the national history of Israel, it is read of the two tables of the law written in stone, and of a subsequent writing of the law on stone. In the latter case there is this peculiarity, that plaster (sic, lime or gypsum) was used along with stone, a combination of materials which is illustrated by comparison of the practice of the Egyptian engravers, who, having first carefully smoothed the stone, filled up the faulty places with gypsum or cement, in order to obtain a perfectly uniform surface on which to execute their engravings.[1] Metals, such as stamped coins, are mentioned as a material of writing; they include lead,[20] brass, and gold. To the engraving of gems there is reference also, such as with seals or signets.[1] The common materials of writing were the tablet and the roll, the former probably having a Chaldean origin, the latter an Egyptian. The tablets of the Chaldeans are among the most remarkable of their remains There are small pieces of clay, somewhat rudely shaped into a furm resembling a pillow, and thickly inscribed with cuneiform characters.[21] Similar use has been seen in hollow cylinders, or prisms of six or eight sides, formed of fine terra cotta, sometimes glazed, on which the characters were traced with a small stylus, in some specimens so minutely as to be capable of decipherment only

Proto-writing
The history of human communication dates back to the earliest era of humanity. Symbols were developed about 30,000 years ago, and writing about 7,000. The early writing systems of the late 4th millennium BC are not considered a sudden invention. Rather, they were based on ancient traditions of symbol systems that cannot be classified as writing proper, but have many characteristics strikingly reminiscent of writing. These systems may be described as proto-writing. They used ideographic and/or early mnemonic symbols to

Essay Writing
Essays remain an important method of assessment and enable examiners to discriminate between candidates, while also enabling candidates to display the skills and abilities which they possess. As the essay paper has evolved it has become more demanding with much more emphasis on posing questions which allow candidates to display the higher order skills. Professor Roy Wilkinson of Sheffield University has identified a pyramid of skills which A

Tips skills

on

writing

THE focus of the SPM 1119 paper, which is the English Language paper, is mainly on the reading and writing skills. Paper 1 tests candidates on their writing skills while Paper 2 deals, for the most part, with the reading skills. The Directed Writing question carries a total of 35 marks 15 marks for content and 20 marks for language. The marks for format, which can vary between one to three marks depending on the text type, are included in the 15 marks allocated for content. In this section, candidates are given only one question. This means that candidates do not have the luxury of choice which they are given in the Continuous Writing section. Most candidates find this question quite manageable. In fact, even weak candidates can be taught to cope with this question to a certain extent.

Customer Focused Writing

Participants will learn a five-step writing process: Plan: Determine objectives and develop content. Organise: Use Four-Box organisation structure. Write: Construct a draft to communicate persuasively, concisely and professionally. Examine: Peer review the document to check for effectiveness. Revise: Is it clear,concise and correct?

Maximising use of Graphics

Visualise and better communicate your solutions Make professional graphics that are clear, communicative, and compelling Know what imagery, colours, fonts, and style to use (and why) Know where to go to find the right imagery at the right price Learn how proposals, presentations, marketing flyers, brochures, and any other business

The Benefits
Organisations that implement the principles and develop the skills taught in this workshop have used their customer focused documents to gain competitive advantage - increasing their win rates and their organisations profitability. The Audience Professionals who need to approach writing tasks with

 Expert training

writing-skills

Emphasis are specialists in writing skills: we train in no other area. That means we have the breadth of knowledge to tackle any area of business writing: company communications audits

METHOD
Focus groups were conducted with public relations professionals employed by agencies in Chicago, Illinois. The agencies ranged in size from relatively small operations with less than 10 employees to large agencies with thousands of employees around the world. Thirty participants took part in the focus groups. The participants represented a wide range of experience in the field, with two senior-level professionals having spent more than 3 decades in public relations while two participants had worked less than 6 months for their respective agencies. All focus groups took place between July and December of 2004. Each session was recorded on audiotape to ensure accurate transcription of quotes. A list of questions asked of participants concerning issues addressed in this report is

The Importance of Good Writing Skills

by Randall S. Hansen, Ph.D. and Katharine Hansen Writing skills can be the ticket to better college grades and greater academic achievement. This article introduces a few techniques for applying writing skills to college success. But this good advice will be lost on you if you don't believe writing skills are important and can help you achieve academic mastery. Our job is to convince you. To begin with, the overwhelming majority of instructors we surveyed said that writing skills are critical to academic success. And if you see yourself as one of those college students who will say "Phew" when the syllabus reveals only exams and no papers, what happens when those exams

 Improve your Writing

Skills

This book shows you how to develop the quality and effectiveness of your writing. The emphasis of this manual is on careful planning and editing not on learning grammatical rules. It will help you to give clarity and shape to your writing. Packed with good examples and handy hints, Improve your Writing Skills features clear advice written in non-technical language, and quick solutions to common

CONCLUSION
When you finish writing, leave yourself time to stand back from your report so you can get some perspective on it. Read the whole thing through again, making notes before you start the conclusion. There are some important things you need to do in the conclusion: You need to link it to the rest of your report. You need to highlight the significant elements from your report (from both parts). You need to draw out the main points you want to make about the topic - and make them at a general level.

BIBLOGRAPHY
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NEWS PAPERS INDIA & TIMES. : TIMES OF

ECONOMIC