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Reports:
Classical Interactive Logical Database ABAP query ALV Reports (ALV stands for ABAP List Viewer) Report Writer/Report Painter Views (There are different types of views also)
Classical Reports These are the simplest reports. Programmers learn this one first. It is just an output of data using the Write statement inside a loop.
Classical reports are normal reports. These reports are not having any sub reports. IT IS HAVING ONLY ONE SCREEN/LIST FOR OUTPUT.
INTIALIZATION: This event triggers before selection screen display. AT-SELECTION-SCREEN: This event triggers after processing user input still selection screen is in active mode. START OF SELECTION: Start of selection screen triggers after processing selection screen.
END-OF-SELECTION: It is for Logical Database Reporting. Event blocks are introduced by an event keyword. They end when the next processing block begins. The following processing block can either be an event block or another processing block allowed in this context for example, a subroutine or a dialog module. Event keywords have the same name as the events to which they react.
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Syntax: DATA:... INITIALIZATION. ... AT SELECTION-SCREEN. ... START-OF-SELECTION. ... GET spfli... ..
The sequence in which the processing blocks occur in the program is irrelevant. The actual processing sequence is determined by the external events. However, to make your programs easier to understand, you should include the event blocks in your program in approximately the same order in which they will be called by the system. Subroutines should be placed at the end of the program. With only two exceptions (AT SELECTION-SCREEN and GET), event blocks have no local data area. All declarative statements in event blocks are handled with the global data declarations in the program. You should therefore include all of your declarations at the start of the program. Statements that are not assigned to a processing block are never executed. In executable programs, all non-declarative statements between the REPORT or PROGRAM statement and the first processing block are assigned to the default event START-OF-SELECTION. if a program does not contain an explicit
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START-OF-SELECTION event block, these statements form the entire START-OF-SELECTION block. If a program contains an explicitly defined START-OF-SELECTION event block, these statements are inserted at the beginning of this event block. If a program does not contain any explicit event blocks, all non-declarative statements form the processing block START-OFSELECTION.
In ABAP Editor initial screen give your program name and then press F5 or click on Create
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Here Goes your coding check for inconsistencies and then activate it
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*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Report ZCLASSICAL * *& * *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& * *& * *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* REPORT ZCLASSICAL TABLES: vbak,vbap. DATA: v_flag TYPE i. .
******INTERNAL TABLE USED TO HOLD DATA TEMPORARILY DATA: BEGIN OF it_salesorder OCCURS 0, kunnr LIKE vbak-kunnr, " vbeln LIKE vbak-vbeln, " posnr LIKE vbap-posnr, " matnr LIKE vbap-matnr, " bstnk LIKE vbak-bstnk, " bstdk LIKE vbak-bstdk, " kwmeng LIKE vbap-kwmeng, netpr LIKE vbap-netpr, " netwr LIKE vbap-netwr, " END OF it_salesorder. ***********INPUT THE DATA USING SELECT OPTIONS SELECT-OPTIONS: s_kunnr FOR vbak-kunnr, " Sold To Party. s_vbeln FOR vbak-vbeln. " Sales Document Number. **********INITIALIZATION INITIALIZATION. PERFORM initialization. *********FETCH THE DATA FROM TABLES AND PLACE THEM IN INTERNAL TABLE START-OF-SELECTION. PERFORM fetch_data. **********DISPLAYING THE DATA FROM INTERNAL TABLE END-OF-SELECTION. **********PAGE HEADINGS PERFORM Page_headings. PERFORM display_data. *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form initialization *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * --> p1 text * <-- p2 text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM initialization . Sold To Party. Sales Document Number. Sales Document Item. Material Number. Customer purchase order number. Customer purchase order date. " Cumulative order quantity. Net price. Net value of the order item.
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ENDFORM. " initialization *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form fetch_data *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * --> p1 text * <-- p2 text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM fetch_data . REFRESH it_salesorder. CLEAR it_salesorder. SELECT kunnr vbak~vbeln posnr matnr bstnk bstdk kwmeng netpr vbap~netwr FROM vbak INNER JOIN vbap ON vbak~vbeln = vbap~vbeln INTO TABLE IT_SALESORDER WHERE kunnr IN s_kunnr AND vbak~vbeln IN s_vbeln. ENDFORM. " fetch_data *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form display_data *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * --> p1 text * <-- p2 text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM display_data . SORT it_salesorder BY kunnr vbeln. LOOP AT it_salesorder. AT NEW format WRITE: format ULINE. format vbeln. color 3 on. " COLOR START / 'CUSTOMER:',it_salesorder-kunnr. reset. "COLOR END color 4 on inverse on. "COLOR START
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ENDFORM. " display_data *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form page_headings *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * --> p1 text * <-- p2 text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM page_headings . format color 7 on inverse on. WRITE:/40 'SALES ORDER DOCUMENT FOR A GIVEN CUSTOMER'. SKIP. WRITE:/ 'DATE:',sy-datum, 100 'TIME:',sy-uzeit. format reset. SKIP 2. ENDFORM. " page_headings
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Interactive Reports: In simple Interactive reports are nothing but which were user interface the name itself signifies that it interacts with the users A classical non-interactive report consists of one program that creates a single list. Instead of one extensive and detailed list, with interactive reporting you create basic list from which the user can call detailed information by positioning the cursor and entering commands. Interactive reporting thus reduces information retrieval to the data actually required. Uses of interactive reporting: The user can actively control data retrieval and display during the session. Instead of an extensive and detailed list, you create a basic list with condensed information from which the user can switch to detailed displays by positioning the cursor and entering commands. The detailed information appears in secondary lists. Secondary list: It allows you to enhance the information presented in the basic list. The user can, for example, select a line of the basic list for which he wants to see more detailed information. You display these details on a secondary list. Secondary lists may either overlay the basic list completely or you can display them in an extra window on the screen. The secondary lists can themselves be interactive again. To prevent the user from selecting invalid lines, ABAP/4 offers several possibilities. At the end of the processing block END-OF-SELECTION, delete the contents of one or more fields you previously stored for valid lines using the HIDE statement. At the event AT LINE-SELECTION, check whether the work area is initial or whether the HIDE statement stored field contents there. After processing the secondary list, clear the work area again. This prevents the user from trying to create further secondary lists from the secondary list displayed.
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System fields for secondary lists: SY-LSIND Index of the list created during the current event (basic list = 0) SY-LISTI Index of the list level from which the event was triggered. SY-LILLI Absolute number of the line from which the event was triggered. SY-LISEL Contents of the line from which the event was triggered. SY-CUROW Position of the line in the window from which the event was triggered (counting starts with 1) SY-CUCOL Position of the column in the window from which the event was triggered (counting starts with 2). SY-CPAGE Page number of the first displayed page of the list from which the event was triggered. SY-STARO Number of the first line of the first page displayed of the list from which the event was triggered (counting starts with 1). Possibly, a page header occupies this line. SY-STACO Number of the first column displayed in the list from which the event was triggered (counting starts with 1). SY-UCOMM Function code that triggered the event. SY-PFKEY Status of the displayed list. Events for Interactive Reporting: AT LINE-SELECTION Moment at which the user selects a line by double clicking on it or by positioning the cursor on it and pressing F2. AT USER-COMMAND Moment at which the user presses a function key. TOP-OF-PAGE DURING Moment during list processing of a LINE-SELECTION secondary list at which a new page starts.
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*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Report ZSIMPLE_INTERACTIVE * *& * *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& * *& * *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* REPORT ZSIMPLE_INTERACTIVE .
TABLES: MARA,MARC,MARD. SELECT-OPTIONS: SMATNR FOR MARA-MATNR. *********************************************************** * INITIALIZATION. *********************************************************** INITIALIZATION. SMATNR-LOW = '1300-1400'. SMATNR-HIGH = '1300-2000'. SMATNR-SIGN = 'I'. SMATNR-OPTION = 'BT'. APPEND SMATNR. *********************************************************** * START-OF-SELECTION. *********************************************************** START-OF-SELECTION. WRITE:/10 'MATERIAL NO',25 'PLANT LOCATION',45 'STORAGE LOCATION'. ULINE. SELECT * FROM MARA WHERE MATNR IN SMATNR. WRITE:/10 MARA-MATNR,30 MARA-MBRSH,50 MARA-MTART. HIDE MARA-MBRSH. ENDSELECT. *********************************************************** * AT LINE-SELECTION. *********************************************************** AT LINE-SELECTION. IF SY-LSIND EQ 1. SELECT * FROM MARC WHERE MATNR EQ MARA-MATNR. WRITE:/ MARC-MATNR,MARC-WERKS. HIDE MARC-MATNR. ENDSELECT. ENDIF.
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The AT LINE-SELECTION event is triggered by double-clicking on the output value to get the drilldown report. First create two tables for this report How to create Table?
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Create Domain
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Message Class: This messages which we will set here will be displayed while executing a report. We can set up 4 kind of messages. 1. S- status Message. (Will appear green in status bar) 2. E-Error message. (Will appear red in status bar) 3. W-Warning message. (Will appear yellow in the status bar) 4. I-Information message (will appear as information box)
Creating Message Class: After creating your report then it will directly shows your report name as
REPORT ZSMALL_INTERACTIVE_REPORT.
Now to create a message class you have first declare your message class at the start of the report as
REPORT ZSMALL_INTERACTIVE_REPORT MESSAGE-ID ZPA1.
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In internal table we declare in two types 1) Internal Table manipulations 2) with Header line & 3) without header line Syntax for Table Manipulations: 1. READ: READ TABLE <itab> WITH KEY < fieldname = >. 2. INSERT: INSERT <itab> index <sy-tabix>. 3. MODIFY: MODIFY <itab> index <sy-tabix> 4. DESCRIBE: DESCRIBE TABLE <itab> lines <var1> OCCURS <var2>. 5. APPEND: APPEND <itab>. 6. CLEAR CLEAR <itab>. 7. REFRESH REFRESH <itab>.
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*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Report ZITAB_WITH_HEADER_MANIPULATION * *& * *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& * *& * *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* REPORT ZITAB_WITH_HEADER_MANIPULATION .
DATA: BEGIN OF ITAB OCCURS 0, BOOKNO(4) TYPE N, BOOKNAME(5) TYPE C, BOOKADD(10) TYPE C, END OF ITAB. ITAB-BOOKNO = '1234'. ITAB-BOOKNAME = 'SAP'. ITAB-BOOKADD = 'KOTI'. APPEND ITAB. CLEAR ITAB. ITAB-BOOKNO = '1235'. ITAB-BOOKNAME = 'ABAP'. ITAB-BOOKADD = 'PUNJAGUTTA'. APPEND ITAB. CLEAR ITAB. ITAB-BOOKNO = '1236'. ITAB-BOOKNAME = 'ERP'. ITAB-BOOKADD = 'BEGUMPET'. APPEND ITAB. CLEAR ITAB. LOOP AT ITAB. WRITE:/ ITAB-BOOKNO,ITAB-BOOKNAME,ITAB-BOOKADD. ENDLOOP. SKIP 2. READ TABLE ITAB WITH KEY BOOKNO = '1235'. WRITE:/ ITAB-BOOKNO,ITAB-BOOKNAME,ITAB-BOOKADD. SKIP 2. READ TABLE ITAB INDEX 3. WRITE:/ ITAB-BOOKNO,ITAB-BOOKNAME,ITAB-BOOKADD. SKIP 2. ITAB-BOOKNO = '9876'. ITAB-BOOKNAME = 'XI'. ITAB-BOOKADD = 'CHENNAI'. INSERT ITAB INDEX 2. LOOP AT ITAB. WRITE:/ ITAB-BOOKNO,ITAB-BOOKNAME,ITAB-BOOKADD. ENDLOOP. SKIP 2. ITAB-BOOKNO = '4567'. ITAB-BOOKNAME = 'BASIS'. ITAB-BOOKADD = 'SR NAGAR'. MODIFY ITAB INDEX 2. LOOP AT ITAB. WRITE:/ ITAB-BOOKNO,ITAB-BOOKNAME,ITAB-BOOKADD. ENDLOOP. SKIP 2.
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DATA: BEGIN OF ITAB OCCURS 0, BOOKNO(4) TYPE N, BOOKNAME(10) TYPE C, BOOKADD(15) TYPE C, END OF ITAB. ITAB-BOOKNO = '1216'. ITAB-BOOKNAME = 'SAP'. ITAB-BOOKADD = 'GANDHINAGAR'. APPEND ITAB. CLEAR ITAB. ITAB-BOOKNO = '1209'. ITAB-BOOKNAME = 'PAVAN-ABAP'. ITAB-BOOKADD = 'GANDHINAGAR'. APPEND ITAB. CLEAR ITAB. ITAB-BOOKNO = '1236'. ITAB-BOOKNAME = 'ERP'. ITAB-BOOKADD = 'HYD'. APPEND ITAB. CLEAR ITAB. LOOP AT ITAB. WRITE:/ ITAB-BOOKNO,ITAB-BOOKNAME,ITAB-BOOKADD. ENDLOOP. SKIP 2. READ TABLE ITAB WITH KEY BOOKNO = '1235'. WRITE:/ ITAB-BOOKNO,ITAB-BOOKNAME,ITAB-BOOKADD. SKIP 2. READ TABLE ITAB INDEX 3. WRITE:/ ITAB-BOOKNO,ITAB-BOOKNAME,ITAB-BOOKADD. SKIP 2. ITAB-BOOKNO = '9876'. ITAB-BOOKNAME = 'HR'. ITAB-BOOKADD = 'PUNJAGUTTA'. INSERT ITAB INDEX 2. LOOP AT ITAB. WRITE:/ ITAB-BOOKNO,ITAB-BOOKNAME,ITAB-BOOKADD. ENDLOOP. SKIP 2. ITAB-BOOKNO = '4567'. ITAB-BOOKNAME = 'BASIS'. ITAB-BOOKADD = 'KOTI'. MODIFY ITAB INDEX 2. LOOP AT ITAB. WRITE:/ ITAB-BOOKNO,ITAB-BOOKNAME,ITAB-BOOKADD. ENDLOOP. SKIP 2. DELETE ITAB INDEX 2. LOOP AT ITAB. WRITE:/ ITAB-BOOKNO,ITAB-BOOKNAME,ITAB-BOOKADD.
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Initialization event is to set the initial values for the output that we get for the report. Low value here refers to the low value for the primary key. High value here refers to the highest value u need. Sign can be either Inclusive or exclusive. Option can be BT (between), GT(greater than), LT( lesser than). Now after declaring your internal table declare these values in your report
SELECT-OPTIONS: EMP_NO FOR ZEMP_DETAILS1-EMPNO. INITIALIZATION. EMP_NO-LOW = '1000'. EMP_NO-HIGH = '4000'. EMP_NO-SIGN = 'I'. HERE I REPRESENTS INTEGER EMP_NO-OPTION = 'BT'. APPEND EMP_NO. CLEAR EMP_NO.
AT SELECTION-SCREEN is used to check the validity of the user input values by setting the messages in the Message Class.
AT SELECTION-SCREEN. IF EMP_NO-LOW < '1000'. MESSAGE S000(ZPA1). ELSEIF EMP_NO-HIGH > '4000'. MESSAGE S001. ENDIF.
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START-OF SELECTION event where exactly we use the SQL statements to retrieve the output from the database table.
START-OF-SELECTION. SELECT * FROM ZEMP_DETAILS1 INTO TABLE ITAB WHERE EMPNO IN EMP_NO. WRITE:/5 SY-ULINE(35). LOOP AT ITAB. WRITE:/5 SY-VLINE, 6 ITAB-EMPNO, 17 SY-VLINE,18 ITAB-EMPNAME,28 SY-VLINE , 39 SY-VLINE. ENDLOOP.
To get the output in the table format we use 2 system variables such as SYULINE to draw the horizontal line and SY-VLINE to draw the vertical line. To get the header at the top of every page we use TOP-OF-PAGE event .
TOP-OF-PAGE. WRITE:/5 SY-ULINE(35). WRITE:/5 SY-VLINE,6 'EMPNO',17 SY-VLINE,18 'EMPNAME',28 SY-VLINE, 39 SY-VLINE. WRITE:/5 SY-ULINE(35).
we need to declare In the first line of the program and at the end of each and every page we can set the page no by using the END-OF PAGE event and at the end of selection we can set some message telling that the output is closed in the ENDOF-SELECTION event.
END-OF-PAGE. WRITE:/5 SY-ULINE(35). WRITE:/ 'THE PAGE NO IS',SY-PAGNO. END-OF-SELECTION. WRITE:/ 'THE RECORD IS CLOSED'.
Up to here what we have performed is Classical report the events upto here same as interactive Some of the interactive events are: 1. At line Selection 2. At PFn.
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3. At User-command. AT LINE-SELECTION event is triggered by double-clicking on the output value to get the drilldown report.
AT LINE-SELECTION. IF SY-LSIND = 1. SELECT * FROM ZEMP_DETAILS1 INTO TABLE ITAB WHERE EMPNO = ITAB-EMPNO. LOOP AT ITAB. WRITE:/5 SY-VLINE,6 ITAB-EMPNO,17 SY-VLINE,18 ITAB-EMPNAME,28 SY-VLINE, 39 SY-VLINE. ENDLOOP. WRITE:/5 SY-ULINE(35). ELSEIF SY-LSIND = 2. SELECT * FROM ZCOMP_DETAILS INTO TABLE JTAB. LOOP AT JTAB. WRITE:/5 SY-VLINE,6 JTAB-COMP_NO,17 SY-VLINE,18 JTAB-COMP_NAME,28 SY-VLINE, 39 SY-VLINE. ENDLOOP. WRITE:/5 SY-ULINE(35). ENDIF.
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SELECT * FROM ZEMP_DETAILS1 INTO TABLE ITAB WHERE EMPNO IN EMP_NO. WRITE:/5 SY-ULINE(35).
LOOP AT ITAB. WRITE:/5 SY-VLINE, 6 ITAB-EMPNO, 17 SY-VLINE,18 ITAB-EMPNAME,28 SY-VLINE , 39 SY-VLINE. ENDLOOP. TOP-OF-PAGE. WRITE:/5 SY-ULINE(35). WRITE:/5 SY-VLINE,6 'EMPNO',17 SY-VLINE,18 'EMPNAME',28 SY-VLINE, 39 SY-VLINE. WRITE:/5 SY-ULINE(35). END-OF-PAGE. WRITE:/5 SY-ULINE(35). WRITE:/ 'THE PAGE NO IS',SY-PAGNO. END-OF-SELECTION. WRITE:/ 'THE RECORD IS CLOSED'. AT LINE-SELECTION. IF SY-LSIND = 1. SELECT * FROM ZEMP_DETAILS1 INTO TABLE ITAB WHERE EMPNO = ITAB-EMPNO. LOOP AT ITAB. WRITE:/5 SY-VLINE,6 ITAB-EMPNO,17 SY-VLINE,18 ITAB-EMPNAME,28 SY-VLINE, 39 SY-VLINE. ENDLOOP. WRITE:/5 SY-ULINE(35). ELSEIF SY-LSIND = 2. SELECT * FROM ZCOMP_DETAILS INTO TABLE JTAB. LOOP AT JTAB. WRITE:/5 SY-VLINE,6 JTAB-COMP_NO,17 SY-VLINE,18 JTAB-COMP_NAME,28 SY-VLINE, 39 SY-VLINE. ENDLOOP. WRITE:/5 SY-ULINE(35). ENDIF.
After executing this report if you click on the output any name or number then it will take you to the another line for which you have defined coding as above AT PF n event is triggered by clicking on the function key assigned at the n value wherein n can vary from 5 to 9. If we go to se41, we can get menus, items and different function keys, which we are using for secondary list in interactive report.
AT PF7.
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Now to set an PF-STATUS we have to go to Menu Painter (Se41). This Pf status is for GUI. Goto se 41 and create a menu list or just follow this In your program write the following code
SET PF-STATUS 'ZPA1_MENU'.
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Give any name to your object and double click on the same line
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In the application tool bar it provides option in output such as open, back, exit, folder etc,
Fill your required option here so that it will be displayed in the output and then press enter
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Give your Function Text and in the icon name press F4 and select relevant icon to be displayed at output
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You have to assign any function keys to the object for which u have created and then press enter
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Here you can see your added function keys or else you can add from here also
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IF SY-LSIND = 1. SELECT * FROM ZEMP_DETAILS1 INTO TABLE ITAB WHERE EMPNO = ITAB-EMPNO. LOOP AT ITAB. WRITE:/5 SY-VLINE,6 ITAB-EMPNO,17 SY-VLINE,18 ITAB-EMPNAME,28 SY-VLINE, 39 SY-VLINE. ENDLOOP. WRITE:/5 SY-ULINE(35). ELSEIF SY-LSIND = 2. SELECT * FROM ZCOMP_DETAILS INTO TABLE JTAB. LOOP AT JTAB. WRITE:/5 SY-VLINE,6 JTAB-COMP_NO,17 SY-VLINE,18 JTAB-COMP_NAME,28 SY-VLINE, 39 SY-VLINE. ENDLOOP. WRITE:/5 SY-ULINE(35). ENDIF. AT PF7. IF SY-LSIND = 1. SELECT * FROM ZEMP_DETAILS1 INTO TABLE ITAB WHERE EMPNO = ITAB-EMPNO. LOOP AT ITAB. WRITE:/5 SY-VLINE,6 ITAB-EMPNO,17 SY-VLINE,18 ITAB-EMPNAME,28 SY-VLINE, 39 SY-VLINE. ENDLOOP. WRITE:/5 SY-ULINE(35). ELSEIF SY-LSIND = 2. SELECT * FROM ZCOMP_DETAILS INTO TABLE JTAB. LOOP AT JTAB. WRITE:/5 SY-VLINE,6 JTAB-COMP_NO,17 SY-VLINE,18 JTAB-COMP_NAME,28 SY-VLINE, 39 SY-VLINE. ENDLOOP. WRITE:/5 SY-ULINE(35). ENDIF. AT USER-COMMAND. IF SY-UCOMM = '0001'.
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SELECT * FROM ZEMP_DETAILS1 INTO TABLE ITAB WHERE EMPNO = ITAB-EMPNO. LOOP AT ITAB. WRITE:/5 SY-VLINE,6 ITAB-EMPNO,17 SY-VLINE,18 ITAB-EMPNAME,28 SY-VLINE, 39 SY-VLINE. ENDLOOP. WRITE:/5 SY-ULINE(35). ELSEIF SY-LSIND = 2. SELECT * FROM ZCOMP_DETAILS INTO TABLE JTAB. LOOP AT JTAB. WRITE:/5 SY-VLINE,6 JTAB-COMP_NO,17 SY-VLINE,18 JTAB-COMP_NAME,28 SY-VLINE, 39 SY-VLINE. ENDLOOP. WRITE:/5 SY-ULINE(35). ENDIF. ENDIF.
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More Information from help.sap.com Logical databases are special ABAP programs that retrieve data and make it available to application programs. The most common use of logical databases is still to read data from database tables and linking them to executable ABAP programs while setting the program contents. You edit logical databases using the Logical Database Builder in the ABAP Workbench. However, since Release 4.5A, it has also been possible to call logical databases independently of this tool using the function module LDB_PROCESS. This allows you to call several logical databases from any ABAP program, nested in any way. It is also possible to call a logical database more than once in a program, if it has been programmed to allow this. This is particularly useful for executable programs, allowing them to use more than one logical database and process a database more than once. Logical databases contain Open SQL statements that read data from the database. You do not therefore need to use SQL in your own programs. The logical database reads the program, stores them in the program if necessary, and then passes them
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line by line to the application program or the function module LDB_PROCESS using an interface work area. Views of Data in Logical Databases Logical databases provide a particular view of database tables. It is appropriate to use logical databases if the database tables you want to read correspond largely to the structure of the logical database and where the flow of the system program (select - read - process - display) meets the requirements of the application. The data structure in a logical database is hierarchical. Many tables in the R/3 System are linked to each other using foreign key relationships. Some of these dependencies form tree-like hierarchical structures. Logical databases read data from database tables that are part of these structures.
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A logical database can read the lines of these tables one after the other into an executable program in a sequence which is normally defined by the hierarchical structure. The term logical database is sometimes used to mean not only the program itself, but also the data that it can procure. Tasks of Logical Databases Logical databases serve mainly to reuse predefined functionality for reading data from database tables, but they can also be programmed for other tasks. To keep the application logic of application programs free from technical details, logical databases can perform the following tasks: Reading the same data for several programs.
The individual programs do not then need to know the exact structure of the relevant database tables (and especially not their foreign key relationships). Instead, they can rely on the logical database to read the database entries in the right order during the GET event. Defining the same user interface for several programs.
Logical databases have a built-in selection screen. Therefore, all of the programs that use the logical database have the same user interface. Central authorization checks
Authorization checks for central and sensitive data can be programmed centrally in the database to prevent them from being bypassed by simple application programs. Improving Performance
If you want to improve response times, logical databases permit you to take a number of measures to achieve this (for example, using joins instead of nested SELECT statements). These become immediately effective in all of the application programs concerned and save you from having to modify their source code.
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Give the second node which should be hierarchically under the root node and enter the short description with the database table Name
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Give your second table name and the short text should be same as declared in your table for this particular table
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Now uncomment your select-options and give any name for your select option
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This is our complete code after uncommenting few lines SELECT-OPTIONS : empno FOR ZEMP_DETAILS1-EMPNO.
* Parameter for search pattern selection (Type SY-LDB_SP): * PARAMETERS p_sp AS SEARCH PATTERN ZEMP_DETAILS1.
FOR
TABLE
* Enable DYNAMIC SELECTIONS for selected nodes : SELECTION-SCREEN DYNAMIC SELECTIONS ZEMP_DETAILS1. SELECTION-SCREEN DYNAMIC SELECTIONS ZCOMP_DETAILS. * Enable FIELD SELECTION for selected nodes :
FOR FOR
TABLE TABLE
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Now go back to your initial screen and select your table and then Select Source code
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Now check whether the tables you have defined are uncommented or not??
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Double click on top include BASEN001 for emp details table here my table is ZEMP_DETAILS1
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Now uncomment the SQL statement and enter the field and the database table name according to the logical database builder.
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Now go back to includes screen and in the same way as done above for employee details now double click on Company details and uncomment the SQL statements then SAVE, CHECK and ACTIVATE the screen. Click BACK and SAVE, CHECK & ACTIVATE the screen until u reach the main screen and SAVE the logical database. Thus the logical database is constructed. In order to generate the query report, first construct the logical database and generation of query report is as follows. The transaction codes used in Query reports are: 1. SQ01 For creating Query. 2. SQ02 For creating Infoset. 3. SQ03 For creating User. First u need to create the USER and generate the INFOSET, in turn can produce the Query report.
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Infoset:
An SAP Infoset (formerly known as a Functional Area) is crucial for ABAP query usage (in SAP versions 4.6A - onward). The reason for Info Sets being important is because many R/3 clients find themselves faced with how to develop useful reports from an application using 20k+ tables. In addition, many clients desire to use third-party reporting tools; i.e., Crystal Reports. In this article, we will look at what an R/3 Infoset and how they relate to Crystal Reports. 1. Knowledge learned in this article can be put to use when: 2. Users require an understanding of how InfoSets are used within SAP R/3 3. Users require an understanding of the various methods of developing InfoSets 4. Users require an understanding of how InfoSets are used in concert with Crystal Reports. Report developers cannot be expected to cull through the thousands of tables and fields R/3 presents - even from a single logical database. Therefore, some form of technical shortcut is beneficial. InfoSets, when used with ABAP queries are an example of an available shortcut. At its simplest definition, an InfoSet determines which tables and/or fields within a table, queries may reference. To accomplish this, InfoSets are typically based upon table joins or logical databases (LDBs). Therefore, an Infoset is, for lack of a better term, a form of Ubber View (Super View).
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Go back to User Group initial screen and then click on Assign users and InfoSets
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Now go back to your user screen from there follow this menu path Environment InfoSets Or go to Tcode SQ02
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You can drag & drop your fields on to the screen save it and come back to main screen
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Now in SQ03 assign your Infoset which u had created just above
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Now to create Query goto USER screen and click on the ENVIRONMENT QUERIES and the Query name and click on the CREATE button. It will ask for infoset. Choose the corresponding Infoset.
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Now on the left hand side u can find the fields in the dictionary and on the right hand side the field required for the Query report. Drag and drop the field you want for the Query report and click on the GENERATE button.
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ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.
Now select the data fields that you want to appear in the query report and click on the SAVE button. Then Click on the TEST button.
The fields which u have selected will be displayed here Select the fields which u want to display in the output
In Logical data base(SE36) maintain all fields Such as Selection Texts, Documentation and then in query report SQ01 execute your report