Professional Documents
Culture Documents
D_m_cri_us
John Dalton Imagined the atom as a small indivisible ball similar to a very tiny ball
J.J Thomson He discovers the electron. He described the atom as a sphere/cloud of positive charge which contains a few negatively-charged particles called electrons.
Protons are concentrated in the centre of the atom called the nucleus, with a cloud of electrons surrounding the nucleus.
Ernest Rutherford He discovers the proton. He suggested that protons are concentrated in the centre of the atom called the nucleus, with a cloud of electrons surrounding the nucleus.
Niels Bohr
He suggested that the electrons are moved in definite orbits surrounding the nucleus. He proposed that the electrons in an atom move in shells around the nucleus
Nucleus consists of protons and neutrons, with the nucleus surrounded by electron shells.
James Chadwick
He discovered the neutron. He suggested that nucleus consists of protons and neutrons, with the nucleus surrounded by electron Video: The Earliest Model shells.
J.J Thomson
He discovers the electron. He suggested that an atom is positive charged sphere/cloud with electron embedded in it. He discovers the proton. He suggested that protons are concentrated in the centre of the atom called the nucleus, with a cloud of electrons surrounding the nucleus.
Ernest Rutherford
Niels Bohr
He suggested that the electrons are moved in definite orbits surrounding the nucleus. He discovered the neutron. He suggested that nucleus consists of protons and neutrons, with the nucleus surrounded by electron shells.
James Chadwick
Video: Atom song The Properties Of The Subatomic Particles: PROTONS, ELECTRONS AND NEUTRONS Subatomic Symbol Relative Charge Location particle mass Proton Electron Neutron p e n 1 1/1840 1 +1 -1 0 In the nucleus In orbits around the nucleus In the nucleus
Proton Element symbol number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Flourine Neon H He Li Be B C N O F Ne
Proton numbe r 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
element Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulphur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium
symbol Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca
HW: pg. 19 WTO 2.4 no. 1,2 pg. 20 QRB no. 1-3
The isotopes of an element are the atoms of that element which contain a same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons. Video: Isotopes Isotopes of some element Element Hydrogen
1 1H
Isotopes
2 1H 3 1H
1 proton 0 neutron
1 proton 1 neutron
1 proton 2 neutrons
Carbon
12 6C
13 6C
14 6C
6 protons 6 neutrons
6 protons 7 neutrons
6 protons 8 neutrons
Oxygen
16 8O
17 8O
18 8O
8 protons 8 neutrons
8 protons 9 neutrons
8 protons 10 neutrons
Sulphur
32 16 S
34 16 S
16 protons 18 neutrons
81 35 Br
35 protons 44neutrons
35 protons 46 neutrons
Gamma rays from cobalt- 60 are used to kill cancer cell without surgery in patient. This treatment is known as radiotherapy. Medical instrument are sterilized using gamma rays. Radioactive materials such as iodide-131 are injected into patients to detect malfunction of thyroid glands. Archeology Radioisotope carbon -14 is used to study the age of ancient artifacts.
Agricultural Carbon -14 is used to study the passage of carbon in photosynthesis of green plants.
Industrial
Nucleus
The electrons in the outermost ocupied shell are known as valence electrons. Example: Sodium atom 23 11
Na
Electronic structure
Na
24 12
Mg
Electronic structure
Electron arrangement: 2.8.2 Number of valence electron : 2 Number of proton : 12 Number of electron: 12 Number of neutron: 24-12= 12
Mg
Cl
Electronic structure
Electron arrangement: 2.8.7 Number of valence electron : 7 Number of proton : 17 Number of electron: 17 Number of neutron: 35-17= 18
Cl
Element
Number Number Number Nucleon Electron of of of number arrangeneutrons protons electrons ment
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulphur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium
0 2 4 5 6 6 7 8 10 10 12 12 14 14 16 16 18 22 20 20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1 4 7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20 23 24 27 28 31 32 35 40 39 40
1 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8.1 2.8.2 2.8.3 2.8.4 2.8.5 2.8.6 2.8.7 2.8.8 2.8.8.1 2.8.8.2
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2
The electronic structures of elements with protons numbers 1 to 20 Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron
EA : 1 NVE: 1 Carbon
Sodium
Magnesium Aluminum
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Chlorine
Argon
Potassium
Calcium
HW: pg. 22 QRD no. 1 & 2 pg. 25 RQ Obj. 1-6 pg. 26 RQ Sub. no. 1&2