Antenna Design of HF-RFID Tags With High Power Requirement: P. Scholz, C. Reinhold, W. John, U. Hilleringmann

Introduction Model Simulation & Measurement Conclusion
Antenna Design of HF-RFID Tags with High Power Requirement

P. Scholz1 , 2 , C. Reinhold1 , 2 , W. John2 , U. Hilleringmann1
1 University of Paderborn Department of Electrical Engineering Sensor Technology Group, Germany 2 Fraunhofer IZM Departement Advanced System Engineering Paderborn, Germany
September 6, 2007
Institut fr Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik
Sensorik
Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Hilleringmann
Advanced System Engineering

1/15
Scholz, Reinhold, John, Hilleringmann - UPB/IZMase
OHD 2007 Valence
Outline
1 2
Introduction Modelling of the RFID System Antenna Parameters Transformed Transponder Impedance
Maximisation of the Coupling Maximisation of the Quality Factor
System Approach
3
Simulation and Measurement Results Test Setup for an 80 mW Tag Conclusion
OHD 2007 Valence
2/15
Motivation
New RFID Applications with high power consumptions
OHD 2007 Valence
3/15
Motivation

Passive RFID with display
OHD 2007 Valence
3/15
Motivation

Passive RFID with display RFID with embedded sensors
OHD 2007 Valence
3/15
Motivation

Power transmission must be understood
OHD 2007 Valence
3/15
Motivation


Aim 1: Maximisation of the eciency
OHD 2007 Valence
3/15
Motivation


Aim 1: Maximisation of the eciency Aim 2: Field emission should be minimised
OHD 2007 Valence
3/15
Antenna Parameters Trans. Impedance System Approach
System Overview
Typical Setup of inductive coupled coils

Reader Unit Matching Network Transponder IC
OHD 2007 Valence
4/15
System Overview

System constraints
OHD 2007 Valence
4/15
System Overview

System constraints
HF RFID system incorporate inductive coupled antennas
OHD 2007 Valence
4/15
System Overview

System constraints
HF RFID system incorporate inductive coupled antennas Power and data transmission in the near eld
OHD 2007 Valence
4/15
System Overview

System constraints
HF RFID system incorporate inductive coupled antennas Power and data transmission in the near eld Weakly coupled transformer concept
OHD 2007 Valence
4/15
Antenna Parameters 1
Analytical Solutions: Analytical solution only available for simple geometries

r2 I1 x r1
OHD 2007 Valence
5/15

r2 I1 x r1
Inductances depending on the spatial arrangement and geometry of the coils
OHD 2007 Valence
5/15

r2 I1 x r1
Inductances depending on the spatial arrangement and geometry of the coils Example Mutual Inductance: M = f (r1 , r2 , x) (circular coils, same axes, homogeneous ux)
OHD 2007 Valence
5/15

r2 I1 x r1
Inductances depending on the spatial arrangement and geometry of the coils Example Mutual Inductance: M = f (r1 , r2 , x) (circular coils, same axes, homogeneous ux) Coupling factor: k =
M L1 L2
OHD 2007 Valence
5/15

r2 I1 x r1
Numerical Solutions: Complicated structures analysed via FEM, FDTD, MoM, PEEC
FastHe
nry
OHD 2007 Valence
6/15
Transformed Transponder Impedance

R0 V0 CS CP I1 R1 L1
Reader
OHD 2007 Valence
7/15

R0 V0
Source Matching Network
CS CP
I1
R1 L1
Reader
OHD 2007 Valence
7/15

R0 V0 CS CP I1 R1 L1 L2 C2 V2 RL R2 I2
Reader
Transponder
OHD 2007 Valence
7/15

R0 V0 CS CP VI1=jwM I2 VI2=jwM I1 I1 R1 L1
Inductive Coupling
R2 L2
I2 C2 V2 RL
Reader
Transponder
OHD 2007 Valence
7/15

R0 V0 CS CP I1 R1 L1 Transformed
ZT Transponder
Impedance
Reader
ZT =
2 k 2 L1 L2 1 R2 + jL2 + 1/RL + jC2
e. g. [RFID Handbook]
OHD 2007 Valence
7/15

ZT Transponder
Impedance
Reader
ZT =
2 k 2 L1 L2 1 R2 + jL2 + 1/RL + jC2 2 k 2 0 L1 2 d + j 0 2
e. g. [RFID Handbook] Approximation equation
OHD 2007 Valence
7/15

ZT Transponder
Impedance
Reader
ZT =
2 k 2 L1 L2 1 R2 + jL2 + 1/RL + jC2 2 k 2 0 L1 2 d + j 0 2 1 Q2 damping factor;
e. g. [RFID Handbook] Approximation equation
d2 =
OHD 2007 Valence
7/15

ZT Transponder
Impedance
Reader
ZT =
2 k 2 L1 L2 1 R2 + jL2 + 1/RL + jC2 2 k 2 0 L1 2 d + j 0 2 1 Q2 damping factor;
e. g. [RFID Handbook] Approximation equation 0 0
d2 =
detuning
7/15
OHD 2007 Valence
Transformed Transponder Impedance - Comparison

Approximation in good agreement with original equation
Transformed Transponder Impedance (W)
0.8
Re{ZT} Re{ZT,approx} Im{ZT} Im{ZT,approx}
0.6
0.4
0.2
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6 -0.2
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
Normalized detuning frequency n
OHD 2007 Valence
8/15

Approximation in good agreement with original equation Approximation becomes real at resonance RT = 0 k 2 L1 Q2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6 -0.2
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
OHD 2007 Valence
8/15

Approximation in good agreement with original equation Approximation becomes real at resonance RT = 0 k 2 L1 Q2 Tag power is linear related to RT
-0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6 -0.2
OHD 2007 Valence
8/15

Approximation in good agreement with original equation Approximation becomes real at resonance RT = 0 k2 L1 Q2 Tag power is linear related to RT
-0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6 -0.2
Maximisation of k2 L1 and/or Q2
OHD 2007 Valence
8/15

Approximation in good agreement with original equation Approximation becomes real at resonance RT = 0 k 2 L1 Q2 Tag power is linear related to RT
-0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6 -0.2
Maximisation of k2 L1 and/or Q2
OHD 2007 Valence
8/15
Maximisation of the Quality Factor
Induced voltage |U2| (V)
Energy maximum
Sufficient bandwidth for communication
Number of turns
Maximum Quality Factor Maximum Load Voltage
No rm
ali ze d
de tu nin g
1
fre
2 3
qu en cy
ar y ond Sec
ce L 2 ctan indu
( H
OHD 2007 Valence
9/15
Maximisation of the Quality Factor
Induced voltage |U2| (V)
Energy maximum
Sufficient bandwidth for communication
Number of turns
Maximum Quality Factor Maximum Load Voltage Turn conguration for energy maximum:
No rm
ali ze d
de tu nin g
1
fre
2 3
qu en cy
ar y ond Sec
ce L 2 ctan indu
( H
Nopt = f (R20 , L20 , RL )
OHD 2007 Valence
9/15
System Approach
Aim: Maximum power delivered to tag for given current I1 (limited by regulations)
OHD 2007 Valence
10/15
System Approach
Aim: Maximum power delivered to tag for given current I1 (limited by regulations) 1 Maximising the coupling by optimising the coil geometry for a desired orientation
OHD 2007 Valence
10/15
System Approach
Maximising the transponder coil area
OHD 2007 Valence
10/15
System Approach
Maximising the transponder coil area Optimising the reader antenna geometry (max. k 2 L1 )
OHD 2007 Valence
10/15
System Approach
2
Determine the optimum number of turns of the transponder coil
OHD 2007 Valence
10/15
System Approach
2
Determine the optimum number of turns of the transponder coil A single winding for the reader coil to keep the quality factor low
OHD 2007 Valence
10/15
System Approach
2
Determine the optimum number of turns of the transponder coil A single winding for the reader coil to keep the quality factor low Design the reader matching network in order to deliver maximum power from the source
OHD 2007 Valence
10/15
Test Setup for an 80 mW Tag
Test Setup
R0=50 W V0=7.4 V
C4=170 pF
I1
R1=240 mW L1=530 nH
M(r)
R2=30 mW L2=168 nH
I2 V2 C2=820 pF RL=300 W
C5=730 pF
C3=120 pF
RP=1.8 kW
Model of a commercial available reader
OHD 2007 Valence
11/15
Test Setup
R0=50 W V0=7.4 V
C4=170 pF
I1
R1=240 mW L1=530 nH
M(r)
R2=30 mW L2=168 nH
I2 V2 C2=820 pF RL=300 W
C5=730 pF
C3=120 pF
RP=1.8 kW
Model of a commercial available reader Output Power of 275 mW, matched to the uncoupled case
OHD 2007 Valence
11/15
Test Setup
R0=50 W V0=7.4 V
C4=170 pF
I1
R1=240 mW L1=530 nH
M(r)
R2=30 mW L2=168 nH
I2 V2 C2=820 pF RL=300 W
C5=730 pF
C3=120 pF
RP=1.8 kW
Model of a commercial available reader Output Power of 275 mW, matched to the uncoupled case Transponder should be provided with 80 mW (V2 = 4.9 V)
Scholz, Reinhold, John, Hilleringmann - UPB/IZMase OHD 2007 Valence 11/15
Test Setup
R0=50 W V0=7.4 V
C4=170 pF
I1
R1=240 mW L1=530 nH
M(r)
R2=30 mW L2=168 nH
I2 V2 C2=820 pF RL=300 W
C5=730 pF
C3=120 pF
RP=1.8 kW
6.9 cm
Model of a commercial available reader Output Power of 275 mW, matched to the uncoupled case Transponder should be provided with 80 mW (V2 = 4.9 V)
12 cm
12 cm
12
cm
4 mm
(xTag,0,0)
x
4 mm
cm 12
cm 5.4
y 1 mm
x z
(xTag,0,0) 1 mm y x z
x
5. 4
cm
6.9
cm
(a) Parallel Arrangement
(b) Rectangular Arrangement
Fig.: Orientation of the coils for two test scenarios

OHD 2007 Valence 11/15
Measurement results
Parallel arrangement
0.3
0.25
0.2
Power (W)
P Source,sim P RL,sim 0.15 P

RL,meas
P R1,sim P RP,sim 0.1
0.05
0 0
10
15
20
25
Distance between the coils xTag (cm)
OHD 2007 Valence
12/15
Measurement results
Rectangular arrangement
0.14
P RL,sim P RL,meas
0.12
0.1
Power (W)
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0 0
Distance between the coils xTag (cm)
10
12
OHD 2007 Valence
13/15
Conclusion
1
Characterisation of the inductive link
OHD 2007 Valence
14/15
Conclusion
1 2
Characterisation of the inductive link Inductance parameters can be extracted by analytical and numerical methods and optimised
OHD 2007 Valence
14/15
Conclusion
1 2
Characterisation of the inductive link Inductance parameters can be extracted by analytical and numerical methods and optimised System model of the energy transmission for inductive coupled RFID-Systems was presented and discussed
OHD 2007 Valence
14/15
Conclusion
1 2
Characterisation of the inductive link Inductance parameters can be extracted by analytical and numerical methods and optimised System model of the energy transmission for inductive coupled RFID-Systems was presented and discussed Approximation formulae for the transformed transponder impedance
OHD 2007 Valence
14/15
Conclusion
1 2
Characterisation of the inductive link Inductance parameters can be extracted by analytical and numerical methods and optimised System model of the energy transmission for inductive coupled RFID-Systems was presented and discussed Approximation formulae for the transformed transponder impedance Power at dierent network elements was presented and analysed for varying turn numbers and coupling factors
OHD 2007 Valence
14/15
Conclusion
1 2
Characterisation of the inductive link Inductance parameters can be extracted by analytical and numerical methods and optimised System model of the energy transmission for inductive coupled RFID-Systems was presented and discussed Approximation formulae for the transformed transponder impedance Power at dierent network elements was presented and analysed for varying turn numbers and coupling factors A consecutive planning for an optimum system design was outlined
OHD 2007 Valence
14/15
Conclusion
1 2
Characterisation of the inductive link Inductance parameters can be extracted by analytical and numerical methods and optimised System model of the energy transmission for inductive coupled RFID-Systems was presented and discussed Approximation formulae for the transformed transponder impedance Power at dierent network elements was presented and analysed for varying turn numbers and coupling factors A consecutive planning for an optimum system design was outlined Measurement results were presented and compared with simulation results
OHD 2007 Valence 14/15
Antenna Design of HF-RFID Tags with High Power Requirement

P. Scholz1 , 2 , C. Reinhold1 , 2 , W. John2 , U. Hilleringmann1
1 University of Paderborn Department of Electrical Engineering Sensor Technology Group, Germany 2 Fraunhofer IZM Departement Advanced System Engineering Paderborn, Germany
September 6, 2007
Institut fr Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik
Sensorik
Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Hilleringmann
Advanced System Engineering

15/15
OHD 2007 Valence

Antenna Design of HF-RFID Tags With High Power Requirement: P. Scholz, C. Reinhold, W. John, U. Hilleringmann

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Antenna Design of HF-RFID Tags With High Power Requirement: P. Scholz, C. Reinhold, W. John, U. Hilleringmann

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Introduction Model Simulation & Measurement Conclusion