GIẢI ĐỀ THI ĐẠI HOCJ HÓA CÁC NĂM VỪA QUA

P N CHI TIT THI TUYN SINH H C
KHI A NM 2007 M 930

I. t vn
K thi H C nm 2007 n nay qua i c gn 1 nm, nhng t n nay, rt nhiu
bi tp trong thi tuyn sinh nm ngoi vn cn c tho lun rng ri trn cc din n hc tp.
y l iu hon ton d hiu v i vi cc bn hc sinh trc khi bc vo k thi ca nm nay, th
vic nghin cu k lng cc thi ca cc nm trc l ht sc quan trng, nht l thi nm
2007 bt u thay i theo hng thi trc nghim.
cung cp thm cho cc em mt ti liu tham kho quan trng cng nhng li khuyn b ch
trc khi bc vo k thi sp ti, ti xin cung cp p n chi tit ca c nhn ti vi thi tuyn sinh
H C nm 2007 mn Ha hc, trc ht l thi ca khi A (m 930).
II. p n chi tit

p n: B
Cho t t HCl v Na
2
CO
3
u tin to ra mui acid, t l phn ng 1:1 (cc t l ny u
nhm c trong u)
C kh thot ra HCl d (a-b) mol

p n B.
Bi ny lm trong 20 - 30s

p n: A
Ag
+
mnh nht loi C, D v ch cn xt th t Cu
2+
v Fe
2+
p n A
Bi ny lm trong 10 - 15s

p n: D

46g = 0,5 mol M = 888 M 3 gc acid = 888 41 44*3 = 715 M trung bnh =
715/3 S C trung bnh khong = (715 : 3) : 14 (php tnh lin tc, ko cn gi tr trung gian) =
17,0238 p n B hoc D.

Lm ngc li: 17 * 14 = 714 = 715 1 p n D.

(cc gi tr 41, 45, 92, 888 l hon ton c th tnh nhm c nh rn luyn k nng tnh)
Bi ny lm trong 40 60s.

Bi ny th p n A, C, D u c th ng, nhng n gin nht l cch nhn bit bng Cu,
theo p n C ca B (^^ d nhin l bi ny c vn , v ti cng khng hi lng vi p n ny)
Bi ny lm trong 10-15s

p n: B (Ci ny th khng cn phi ngh nhiu)

p n: D (Bi ny cng khng cn phi ngh ngi nhiu)

p n: D
Bi ny nhn thong qua cng c th on l p n B hoc D (va l kinh nghim c 2 p n
cng s C, va l c th tnh nhm: 8,4 = 1,4 x 6 nh rn luyn k nng tnh).
Cng nh k nng tnh, c th thy nCO
2
< 0,4 (8,96lt) so vi nH
2
O ~ 0,6 (9g = 0,5 mol, 10,8 =
0,6 mol) th nh hn kh nhiu p n D.
(Hoc tnh s mol CO
2
, N
2
, H
2
O ri tnh t l: C : H : N ta c kt qu l p n D)

p n: A
Thc ra bi ny c th nhn thong qua cng thu c p n ng da vo suy lun: log100 = 2
p n A hoc B, y > x (v CH
3
COOH l acid yu hn) p n A
(hoc t in ly, thay vo cng thc tnh nng , ri ly log[H
+
] th cng s ra kt qu)

p n: B.
Bi ny nu c k nng tnh tt th cng hon ton c th nhn ra kt qu ch trong 10s.
Suy lun: + HCl theo t l 1:1 anken (loi C), sn phm c 1 Cl khi lng 35,5 vi
%m = 45, 223 ~ 50% Anken ban u c M > 36 mt cht p n B (3C = 36)

(hoc, ly 35,5 : 0,45223 M ca hidrocacbon suy ra p n)
Bi ny lm trong 10s 15s

p n: D
D acid mui Fe
3+
Nh k nng tnh c th nhm ngay ra hn hp gm 0,1 mol Fe v 0,1 mol Cu cho 0,5mol e.
Dng ng cho cho hn hp X thu c t l NO : NO
2
= 1:1 (nhm c) hay l x v x
mol
Bo ton e: 3x + x = 0,5 x = 0,125 mol V = 5,6 lt (Tt c u c th tnh nhm c
hoc on c)

Bi ny c th gii trong vng 30s 50s

p n: C. Ch iu kin nung trong khng kh
Bi ny ch cn 5s-10s

p n: A
Anken cng nc ch cho 1 ru khi v ch khi anken l Ank-1-en hoc l Anken i xng
Bi ny ch cn 10-15s

p n: B.
T bi tnh 2 cht c dng mui amoni RCOOR + NaOH RCOONa + (R 1H) +
H

2
O vi t l mol cc cht l 1:1 v bng 0,2 mol (nhm)
Bo ton khi lng, ta c: m = [(24 + 7 + 46) + 40 27,5 18]*0,2 = 14,3 (ch cn bm my
tnh 1 ln, cc gi tr 46; 40; 27,5 l c th nhm c)
Bi ny c th gii trong vng 40 60s

p n: C
y l mt phn ng rt quen thuc trong qu trnh hc cng nh gii ton (thm ch mt s em
cn thuc lng c h s): 1 4 1 2 2.
(Cho d phi vit phn ng ra th cng rt nhanh)
Bi ny c th gii trong 15-20s

p n: A
y l mt bi tp rt rt quen thuc. Ta d dng thy X, Y, Z l C
2
H
4
, C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
8
m khng
cn phi suy ngh nhiu (M + 28 = 2M M = 28 C
2
H
4
).
0,1C
3
0,3CO
2
30g CaCO
3
(M = 100 qu quen thuc, c th nhm c)

p n: D
SGK ghi r l H
2
c th kh c oxit ca cc kim loi ng sau Al trong dy hot ng v
chng ta chp nhn iu ny.

p n: B
Tnh nhm: 43,2/108 = 0,4 mol t l Andehit : Ag = 1:4 Andehit 2 chc B hoc C.
Tnh nhm: 4,6/23 = 0,2 mol t l Ru : Na = 1:2 Y c 2 nhm OH p n B

p n: A.
T d kin 1 acid cho c 2C, t d kin 2 acid cho l acid 2 chc p n A

p n: D
p dng nh lut bo ton in tch (tng in tch dng = tng in tch m), ta c:
0,12*3 + 4a = 0,24*2 + 2a a = 0,06 mol

p n: A.

T gi thit ta c: Ca(HCO
3
)
2
1 mol v CaCO3 5,5 mol CO
2
: 7,5 mol Glucose: 3,75
mol Tinh bt: (180 18)*3,75/0,81= 750, trong gi tr 180 v 18 l nhm c hoc bit t
trc, cc phn ng Ha hc v h s hnh dung trong u.
Bi ny c th gii trong 30s 40s.

p n: C
Ch ch hp th hon ton, c ngha l CO
2
tc dng ht vi Ba(OH)
2
, vi CO
2
0,12
mol v BaCO
3
0,08 mol, d dng suy ra Ba(HCO
3
)
2
0,02 mol Ba(OH)
2
0,1mol a = 0,04.
(Trong bi ny, gi tr M = 197 ca BaCO
3
l phi bit trc hoc nhm c)

p n: D
D dng nhm ra X gm 0,05 mol mi cht, hay l 0,1 mol acid M trung bnh = 53
Ch l y, s mol C
2
H
5
OH l 0,125 mol nn lng phn ng phi tnh theo cc acid.
M = (53 + 46 18)*0,1*0,8 = 6, 48 (cc gi tr 53, 46, 18 l phi thuc hoc tnh nhm c)
Bi ny c th lm trong 30-40s

p n: D
p dng phng php tng gim khi lng.
M cht rn gim = 15,6 + 9,2 24,5 = 0,3g = s mol H c gii phng = s mol ru phn
ng.
M trung bnh = 15,6/0,3 = 52 (tnh nhm) p n D (46 v 60 nhm)

p n: C

Br
2
ch gim X phn ng ht, Br
2
d M trung bnh = 6,7/0,2 = 33,5 (nhm) B
hoc C

X: 0,2 mol < Br
2
phn ng = 0,7/2 = 0,35 mol (nhm) C
Bi ny lm trong 30 40s

p n: C
5,6g Fe 0,1 mol Fe phn ng vi H
2
SO
4
long 0,1 mol Fe
2+
oxh bi KMnO
4
0,1 mol
Fe

3+
- cho 0,1mol e KMnO
4
nhn 0,1 mol e, m Mn
+7
+ 5e Mn
+2
V = 0,1/5/0,5 = 0,04
C.

p n: A
(Ru khng no Acid khng no)
Bi ny ch cn 10-15s

p n: C
Este 0,1 mol (nhm) v NaOH 0,04 mol Este d m = (15 + 44 + 23)*0,04 = 3,28g

p n: A
4 cht tr NH
4
Cl, ZnSO
4

p n: A
0,1 mol NO 0,3 mol e trao i 0,3 mol Ag 0,15 mol andehit M = 6,6/0,15 = 44
CH

3
CHO hoc 0,3 mol HCHO (v l, loi)

p n: B
0,005 mol Cu (nhm) 0,005 mol Cl
2
0,01 mol NaOH phn ng, trong NaOH d =
0,05*0,2 = 0,01 mol C

M
= 0,02/0,2 = 0,1M

p n: A.
Bi ny khng cn phi suy ngh nhiu, 10-15s

p n: A
Bi ny cng khng phi suy ngh nhiu, 5-10s

p n: B
Tng gim khi lng: (13,95 10,3)/36,5 = 0,1 mol HCl (tnh nhm) = 0,1 mol a.a M =
103
R = 103 44 16 = 43 C
3
H
7
-

p n: B
Bi ny qu quen thuc, cng khng cn gii thch nhiu, lm trong 5-10s

p n: D
Bi ny nu c k ton b cu hi v p n th rt mt thi gian, nhng nu suy lun mt cht
th chn ngay c p n ng l D v ngay v u tin ch c D ng vi X, do khng cn quan
tm n Y (ch cn c v u tm mnh ng vi X trc)

p n: B

p n: B
nH
+
= 0,5 mol (nhm), trong nH
+
phn ng = 5,32/22,4*2=0,475 mol nH
+
d = 0,025
C

M
= 0,1M pH = 1
Bi ny gii trong vng 15-20s

p n: B

Tch nc C
4
H
10
O C
4
H
8
, trong s cc C
4
H
8
, ta bit but-2-en l c ng phn hnh hc
(y l v d in hnh v ng phn hnh hc trong SGK cng nh trong cc bi ging v ti liu
tham kho) B

p n: D
Bi ny ch mt thi gian vic c v p n, ch khng mt sc ngh.
Lm trong 15-20s

p n: D
Bi ny nhn thong qua cng c th thy p n l B hoc D (h s phi nh trong u ri)
D dng suy ra c p n D

p n: A
Bi ny ch nhn vo cu hi v m, lm trong 10-15s

p n: C

Bi ny cng rt d, nu khng nhn ra ngay c p n th ta cng c th loi tr ln lt theo
chin thut chn ngu nhin: khng xt a,b (v p n no cng c hin nhin ng, xt c v d,
thy d ng loi A v B, xt g v h, thy g ng chn C)

p n: A
i vi 1 mt xch PVC (-C
2
H
3
Cl-), sau khi Clo ha s c CTPT dng -C
2
H
3-x
Cl
1+x
-
Lp t s: 35,5(x+1)/(24+3-x+35,5(1+x) = 0,6396
Gii ra c x = 1/3
Tc l c 3 mt xch phn ng th c 1 nguyn t Clo ng vi 1 phn t Cl
2
Bi tp ny vn khng h kh, nhng mt thi gian 1 cht trong lc gii, c th lm trong vng
40-60s

p n: C
Cu ny rt d, khng cn phi suy ngh nhiu, ch 5s l c kt qu.

p n: B
Vi k nng tnh tt, ta c th nhm nhanh CO
2
0,15 mol, N
2
0,025 mol cht em t c
3C B

p n: C
C th on ngay ra vi t l nh vy O
2
d, Z gm O
2
v CO
2
, ta dng ng cho t
l 1:1 (nhm)
x = 10 (x + y/4), thay x = 3 v x = 4 vo (theo p n) x = 4, y = 8


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p n: D
p dng tng gim khi lng: m = 0,05(96 16) + 2,81 = 6,81g (ton b php tnh ny c th
nhm c, t cc gi tr 96; 0,05 n kt qu ca c php tnh)
Bi ny gii trong 15-20s

p n: D
Cc kim loi trc Al
Bi ny ch cn 5 10s

p n: B
Loi cc p n c etilen v butin-2.

p n: C
Cu ny khng cn phi suy ngh nhiu, 5 10s

p n: C
T d kin 1, ta c k = (2/3)
2
/(1/3)
2
= 4.
Gi s mol C
2
H
5
OH l x, thay vo biu thc tnh k, ta c : (0,9)
2
/0,1(x 0,9) = 4, gii ra c x
= 2,925 mol
im cn lu nht trong bi tp ny l khng c b qua nng ca H
2
O trong biu thc
tnh (khc vi cc phn ng xy ra trong dung dch nc)
http://my.opera.com/saobanglanhgia

Bi ny cn c mt cht kin thc v hng s cn bng, gii trong 30-40s.

p n: A
l HCN v H
2
(dung dch KMnO
4
ch phn ng ct mch C vi keton trong mi trng acid)

p n: B
Ru khng no khng bn, chuyn ha thnh andehit

p n: D
Dng Cu kh Ag
+
nn bo ton in tch hoc bo ton e, ta c kt qu l D
Bi ny rt d dng gii c trong 10-15s

p n: C
Ch c Cr
3+
mi c tnh cht lng tnh.

p n: C
Ch 1 kt ta, v Al
3+
v Zn
2+
c tnh lng tnh, Cu
2+
v Zn
2+
c kh nng to phc vi NH
3

THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2007
Mn thi: HO HC, Khi B, M 285
Thi gian lm bi: 90 pht.

PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (44 cu, t cu 1 n cu 44):
Cu 1: Cho m gam mt ancol (ru) no, n chc X qua bnh ng CuO (d), nung
nng. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim 0,32 gam. Hn
hp hi thu c c t khi i vi hiro l 15,5. Gi tr ca m l (cho H =1, C =12, O =
16)
A. 0,92. B. 0,32. C. 0,64. D. 0,46.
Phn tch, hng dn gii:
Gi cng thc phn t ca ru no n chc C
n
H
2n+1
OH
C
n
H
2n+1
OH + CuO C
n
H
2n
O + Cu + H
2
O
Gi a l s mol ca X =n
O

Khi lng cht rn gim : 16a =0,32 a =0,02 mol
Hn hp hi gm : C
n
H
2n
O : 0,02 (mol) , H
2
O : 0,02 (mol)
a mol C
n
H
2n
O ( 14n + 16 ) 13
31
a mol H
2
O 18 14n 15
13 : (14n 15 ) =a : a n =2 C
2
H
5
OH
Khi lng ca ru l : 0,02.46 =0,92 gam
Chn p n A

Cu 2: Cc ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C
8
H
10
O (u l dn xut ca benzen)
c tnh cht: tch nc thu c sn phm c th trng hp to polime, khng tc dng
c vi NaOH. S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C
8
H
10
O, tho mn tnh
cht trn l
A. 1. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2.

Phn tch, hng dn gii
cht (X) khng c phn ng vi NaOH X khng phi l ng ng phenol (
khng c nhm OH lin kt trc tip vi nhn benzen )
X tch c nc X c dng C
6
H
5
-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH , C
6
H
5
-CHOH-CH
3

n C
6
H
5
-CH=CH
2
(- CH-CH
2
- )
n

C
6
H
5

Chn D
Cu 3: Dy gm cc cht u lm giy qu tm m chuyn sang mu xanh l:
A. anilin, metyl amin, amoniac.
B. amoni clorua, metyl amin, natri hiroxit.
C. anilin, amoniac, natri hiroxit.
D. metyl amin, amoniac, natri axetat.

Cu 4: Trong phn ng t chy CuFeS
2
to ra sn phm CuO, Fe
2
O
3
v SO
2
th mt
phn t CuFeS
2
s
A. nhn 13 electron. B. nhn 12 electron.
C. nhng 13 electron. D. nhng 12 electron.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
CuFeS
2
+O
2
CuO +Fe
2
O
3
+SO
2

S cho nhn :
[CuFeS2]
o
- 13e Cu
+2
+Fe
+3
+2S
+4

Chn p n C

Cu 5: Trong hp cht ion XY (X l kim loi, Y l phi kim), s electron ca cation bng
s electron ca anion v tng s electron trong XY l 20. Bit trong mi hp cht, Y ch
c mt mc oxi ha duy nht. Cng thc XY l
A. AlN. B. MgO. C. LiF. D. NaF.

Phn tch, hng dn gii
Na : z =11 , 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
, Na
+
c 10e
F : z =9 , 1s
2
2s
2
2p
5
, F
-
c 10 e , trong mi hp cht F u c s oxi ha l -1 .
Tng s e ca XY l 20 Tha mn .
Chn D

Cu 6: Trong cc dung dch: HNO
3
, NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
, Ca(OH)
2
, KHSO
4
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
, dy
gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2
l:
A. HNO
3
, NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
. B. HNO
3
, Ca(OH)
2
, KHSO
4
, Na
2
SO
4
.
C. NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
, Ca(OH)
2
. D. HNO
3
, Ca(OH)
2
, KHSO
4
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
2HNO
3
+Ba(HCO
3
)
2
Ba(NO)
3
+CO
2
+2H
2
O
Na
2
SO
4
+Ba(HCO
3
)
2
BaSO
4
+2NaHCO
3

Ca(OH)
2
+Ba(HCO
3
)
2
BaCO
3
+CaCO
3
+H
2
O
KHSO
4
+Ba(HCO
3
)
2
BaSO
4
+2CO
2
+2H
2
O
Chn B

Cu 7: Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl
3
1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M,
lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l (cho H =1, O =16, Al =27)
A. 1,2. B. 1,8. C. 2,4. D. 2.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
n
AlCl3
=0,2.1,5 =0,3 mol , S mol kt ta nAl(OH)
3
=15,6/78 =0,2 mol
AlCl
3
+ 3NaOH Al(OH)
3
+ 3NaCl (1)
0,3 0,9 0,3
Al(OH)
3
+ NaOH NaAlO
2
+ H
2
O (2)
x x
Sau (1) , (2) thu c 0,2 mol cht kt ta 0,3 x =0,2 x =0,1 mol tng s mol
NaOH tham gia phn ng l : 0,9 +0,1 =1 mol V =1/0,5 =2 lt
Chn D

Cu 8: Trong mt bnh kn cha hi cht hu c X (c dng C
n
H
2n
O
2
) mch h v O
2
(s
mol O
2
gp i s mol cn cho phn ng chy) 139,9
o
C, p sut trong bnh l 0,8 atm.
t chy hon ton X sau a v nhit ban u, p sut trong bnh lc ny l 0,95
atm. X c cng thc phn t l
A. C
2
H
4
O
2
. B. CH
2
O
2
. C. C
4
H
8
O
2
. D. C
3
H
6
O
2
.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
Gi s mol C
n
H
2n
O
2
l x
C
n
H
2n
O
2
+ (3n-2)/2 O
2
n CO
2
+ (n)H
2
O
x (3n-2)x/2 nx (n)x
n
2
phn ng =(3n-2)x/2 n
O2
ban u (3n-2)x
Trc phn ng c : (3n-2)x mol O
2
v x mol C
n
H
2n
O
2

Hn hp sau phn ng gm : O
2
d : (3n-2)x/2 , CO
2
: nx , H
2
O : nx
p dng cng thc : PV = n.R.T
Ban u : 0,8.V =[(3n-2)x +x ].R.T
Sau p : 0,95.V = [(3n 2)x/2 +nx +nx ] .R.T
Chia hai v ca phng trnh ta c : n =3
X l C
3
H
6
O
2

Chn D

Cu 9: Cho tt c cc ng phn n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C
2
H
4
O
2

ln lt tc dng vi: Na, NaOH, NaHCO
3
. S phn ng xy ra l
A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
Cc ng phn c th c ca C
2
H
4
O
2
: HCOOCH
3
, CH
3
COOH , HO-CH
2
-CHO
HCOOCH
3
+NaOH HCOONa +CH
3
OH
CH
3
COOH +Na CH
3
-COONa +H
2

CH
3
COOH +NaOH CH
3
COONa +NaOH
CH
3
COOH +NaHCO3 CH
3
COONa +CO
2
+H
2
O

HO-CH
2
-CHO +Na NaO-CH
2
-CHO +1/2H
2

C 5 phn ng
Chn B

Cu 10: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol H2SO4 c, nng (gi thit SO2
l sn phm kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c (cho Fe =56)
A. 0,03 mol Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,06 mol FeSO
4
. B. 0,05 mol Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,02 mol Fe d.
C. 0,02 mol Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,08 mol FeSO
4
. D. 0,12 mol FeSO
4
.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
n
Fe
=6,72/56 =0,12 mol , n
H2SO4
=0,3 mol
2Fe + 6H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
Ban u 0,12 0,3
Phn ng 0,1 0,3 0,05
Kt thc 0,02 0 0,05
C phn ng :
Fe + Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
3FeSO
4

Ban u 0,02 0,05
Phn ng 0,02 0,02 0,06
Kt thc 0 0,03 0,06
Chn A
Ch : Khi bit s mol ca c hai cht ban u Tnh theo cht ht

Cu 11: S cht ng vi cng thc phn t C
7
H
8
O (l dn xut ca benzen) u tc dng
c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 1.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
c phn vi NaOH th cht phi c nhm OH trong nhn benzen :
H
3
C-C
6
H
4
-OH Trong CH
3
- nh vo 3 v tr octho , meta , para
C 3 ng phn. Chn C

Cu 12: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht
hn hp X trong dung dch HNO
3
(d), thot ra 0,56 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn phm kh
duy nht). Gi tr ca m l (cho O =16, Fe =56)
A. 2,52. B. 2,22. C. 2,62. D. 2,32.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
n
NO
=0,56/22,5 =0,025 mol
Khi nung nng Fe trong khng kh th thu c X gm : Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, FeO , Fe d
X + HNO
3
Mui Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Kh NO + H
2
O
Tm tt : Fe + O
2
X (1)
X + HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + H
2
O (2)
Nhn thy s OXH ca cc nguyn t thay i nh sau :
Fe
o
3 e Fe
3+

x 3x
O
2
o
+4e O
-2

y 4y
N
+5
+3e N
+2
=(NO)
0,075 0,025
Tng s e cho bng tng s e nhn : 3x =4y +0,075
Bo ton khi lng phn ng (1) : m
Fe
+m
O2
=m
X

56x +32y =3
x =0,045 , y =0,015 mol
m =56.0,045 =2,52 gam
Chn A
Cu 13: Xenluloz trinitrat c iu ch t xenluloz v axit nitric c c xc tc axit
sunfuric c, nng. c 29,7 kg xenluloz trinitrat, cn dng dung dch cha m kg axit
nitric (hiu sut phn ng t 90%). Gi tr ca m l (cho H =1, C =12, N =14, O =16)
A. 42 kg. B. 10 kg. C. 30 kg. D. 21 kg.

Phn tch, hng dn gii
Cng thc phn t ca Xenlulozo : (C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
hay [C
6
H
7
O
2
(OH)
3
]
n

[C
6
H
7
O
2
(OH)
3
]
n
+ 3nHNO
3
[C
6
H
7
O
2
(ONO
2
)
3
]
n
+ 3nH
2
O
Xenlulozo trinitrat
iu ch 29,7 gam Xenlulozo trinitrat : n =29,7/297n =0,1/n
n
HNO3
=3n.0,1/n =0,3 mol m
HNO3
=0,3.63 =18,9
V hiu sut l 90% m
HNO3
cn dng =18,9.100/90 =21 gam
iu ch 29,7 kg cn 21 kg HNO
3

Chn D

Cu 14: Cho 13,44 lt kh clo ( ktc) i qua 2,5 lt dung dch KOH 100
o
C. Sau khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 37,25 gam KCl. Dung dch KOH trn c nng l
(cho Cl =35,5; K =39)
A. 0,24M. B. 0,48M. C. 0,4M. D. 0,2M.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
n
Cl2
=13,44/22,4 =0,6 mol , n
KCl
=37,25/74,5 =0,5 mol
3Cl
2
+ 6KOH un nng KClO
3
+ 5KCl + 3H
2
O
Ban u 0,6 cha bit
Phn ng 0,3 0,6 0,5
Kt thc 0,3 0 0,5

Theo phn ng n
KOH
=6/5. n
KCl
=6.0,5/5 =0,6 mol C
M

KOH
=n /V =0,6/2,5 =0,24
M
Chn p n A
Cu 15: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc, cn va V lt O
2

( ktc), thu c 0,3 mol CO
2
v 0,2 mol H
2
O. Gi tr ca V l
A. 8,96. B. 11,2. C. 6,72. D. 4,48.

Phn tch, hng dn gii
Gi cng thc ca axit cacboxylic n chc l : C
x
H
y
O
2

C
x
H
y
O2 + (x + y/4 1 ) O
2
x CO
2
+ y/2 H
2
O
a mol (x +y/4 1)a ax ay/2
a =0,1
ax =0,3 x =3 , ay/2 =0,2 y =4 .
n
O2
=(3 +4/4 1 )0,1 =0,3 V
O2
=0,3.22,4 =6,72 lt
Chn C

Cu 16: Mt trong nhng im khc nhau ca protit so vi lipit v glucoz l
A. protit lun cha chc hiroxyl. B. protit lun cha nit.
C. protit lun l cht hu c no. D. protit c khi lng phn t ln hn.
Phn tch, hng dn gii

Cu 17: Cho 1,67 gam hn hp gm hai kim loi 2 chu k lin tip thuc nhm IIA
(phn nhm chnh nhm II) tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thot ra 0,672 lt kh H
2

( ktc). Hai kim loi l (cho Be = 9, Mg = 24, Ca = 40, Sr = 87, Ba = 137)
A. Be v Mg. B. Mg v Ca. C. Sr v Ba. D. Ca v Sr.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
n
H2
=0,672/22,4 = 0,03 mol
Gi cng thc trung bnh ca hai kim loi l :
R + 2HCl RCl
2
+ H
2

0,03 0,03
R =1,67/0,03 =55,7
V l hai kim loi hai chu k lin tip ca nhm A nn hai kim loi l : Ca , Sr

Cu 18: Dy gm cc cht c dng tng hp cao su Buna-S l:
A. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-CH=CH
2
, C
6
H
5
CH=CH
2
.
B. CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
, C
6
H
5
CH=CH
2
.

Email: manquang2003@yahoo.com
C. CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
, lu hunh.
D. CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
, CH
3
-CH=CH
2
.
Cao su buna S c to ra t phn ng ng trng hp :
nCH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
+ n C
6
H
5
-CH=CH
2
(-CH
2
-CH=CH-CH
2
-CH-CH
2
(C
6
H
5
)-)n
Chn B
Nu n thm lu hunh vo cao su ta s c cao su lu ha

Cu 19: Cho cc loi hp cht: aminoaxit (X), mui amoni ca axit cacboxylic (Y), amin
(Z), este ca aminoaxit (T). Dy gm cc loi hp cht u tc dng c vi dung dch
NaOH v u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l
A. X, Y, Z, T. B. X, Y, T. C. X, Y, Z. D. Y, Z, T.

Cu 20: Cho cc cht: axit propionic (X), axit axetic (Y), ancol (ru) etylic (Z) v
imetyl ete (T). Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si l
A. T, Z, Y, X. B. Z, T, Y, X. C. T, X, Y, Z. D. Y, T, X, Z.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
Nhit si ph thuc vo : Lin kt Hidro trong phn t . v khi lng phn t
Trong lin kt Hidro quan trng hn
Nhit si ca T <Z <Y <X

Cu 21: Hn hp X gm Na v Al. Cho m gam X vo mt lng d nc th thot ra V
lt kh. Nu cng cho m gam X vo dung dch NaOH (d) th c 1,75V lt kh. Thnh
phn phn trm theo khi lng ca Na trong X l (bit cc th tch kh o trong cng
iu kin, cho Na =23, Al =27)
A. 39,87%. B. 77,31%. C. 49,87%. D. 29,87%.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
Gi s mol ca Na , Al l x , y
Xt Th nghim 2 trc : Cho hn hp X vo NaOH d :
Na + H
2
O NaOH + 1/2H
2
(1)

Al + NaOH + H
2
O NaAlO
2
+ 3/2 H
2
(2)
NaOH sinh ra (1) thm vo NaOH d phn ng (2) chc chn Al ht
Tng s mol kh H2 thu c l : x / 2 +3y/2 =1,75V (I)
Th nghim 1 : Cho hn hp X vo nc :
(2) NaOH ht Tnh H
2
theo NaOH :
Tng th tch kh H
2
l : x/2 +3x/2 =V (III)
T (I) , (III) chia c 2 v y =2x khi lng Al : 27y =54x , Khi lng Na : 23x
. % Na =23x.100 / (23x +54x ) =29,87% Chn p n D

Cu 22: Nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr 2, thu c 6,8
gam cht rn v kh X. Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M,
khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l (cho H =1, C =12, O =16, Na =23)
A. 5,8 gam. B. 6,5 gam. C. 4,2 gam. D. 6,3 gam.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
nNaOH =0,075.1 =0,075 mol
Gi cng thc ca hai mui l MCO
3

MCO
3
MO + CO
2

13,4 g 6,8 g
p nh lut bo ton khi lng : m
CO2
=m
MCO3
- m
MO
=13,4 6,8 =6,6
n
CO2
=0,15 mol
Xt t s : n
NaOH
: n
CO2
=0,075 : 0,15 =1 : 2
Ch c phn ng :
NaOH + CO
2
NaHCO
3

Khi lng mui NaHCO
3
thu c : 0,075.84 =6,3 gam
Chn D
Cu 23: Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H
2
SO
4
long v NaNO
3
, vai tr ca
NaNO3 trong phn ng l
A. cht xc tc. B. cht oxi ho. C. mi trng. D. cht kh.

Phn tch, hng dn gii
3Cu +8H
+
+2NO
3
-
3Cu
2+
+2NO +8H
2
O
NO
3
- ng vai tr l cht xi ha NaNO
3
ng vai tr l cht oxi ha
Chn B

Cu 24: X l mt este no n chc, c t khi hi i vi CH
4
l 5,5. Nu em un 2,2
gam este X vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2,05 gam mui. Cng thc cu to thu
gn ca X l (cho H =1, C =12, O =16, Na =23)
A. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
. B. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
.
C. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
. D. HCOOCH(CH
3
)
2
.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
Khi lng phn t ca Este l : 16.5,5 = 88 , Este no n chc c cng thc
C
n
H
2n
O
2
14n +32 =88 n =4 C
4
H
8
O
2

2,2 gam este c 2,2/88 =0,025 mol
RCOOR + NaOH RCOONa + ROH
0,025 0,025
M
mui
=2,05 : 0,025 =82 R +67 =82 R =15 CH
3

Este l C
2
H
5
-COOCH
3

Chn B

Cu 25: Hn hp X cha Na
2
O, NH
4
Cl, NaHCO
3
v BaCl
2
c s mol mi cht u bng
nhau. Cho hn hp X vo H
2
O (d), un nng, dung dch thu c cha
A. NaCl, NaOH, BaCl
2
. B. NaCl, NaOH.
C. NaCl, NaHCO
3
, NH
4
Cl, BaCl
2
. D. NaCl.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
Na
2
O + H
2
O 2NaOH
a 2a
NaOH + NH
4
Cl NaCl + NH
3
+ H
2
O
a a

NaOH + NaHCO
3
Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
a a a
Na
2
CO
3
+ BaCl
2
BaCO
3
+ 2NaCl
a a
NaOH ht , Na
2
CO
3
c tao ra ri phn ng ht , BaCO3 l cht kt ta , NH3 l kh
Cht cn li trong dung dch sau phn ng l NaCl
Chn D

Cu 26: Cho cc phn ng xy ra sau y:
(1) AgNO
3
+Fe(NO
3
)
2
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+Ag
(2) Mn +2HCl MnCl
2
+H
2

Dy cc ion c sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh oxi ho l
A. Mn
2+
, H
+
, Fe
3+
, Ag
+
. B. Ag
+
, Fe
3+
, H
+
, Mn
2+.

C. Ag
+
, Mn
2+
, H
+
, Fe
3+
. D. Mn
2+,
H
+
, Ag
+
, Fe
3+.

Cu 27: trung ha 6,72 gam mt axit cacboxylic Y (no, n chc), cn dng 200 gam
dung dch NaOH 2,24%. Cng thc ca Y l (cho H =1, C =12, O =16, Na =23)
A. CH3COOH. B. HCOOH. C. C2H5COOH. D. C3H7COOH.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
m
NaOH
=200.2,24/100 =4,48 gam n NaOH =4,48/40 =0,112 mol
C
n
H
2n+1
COOH + NaOH C
n
H
2n+1
COONa + H
2
O
0,112 0,112
Khi lng phn t ca axit : 6,72/0,112 =60 14n +1 +45 =14n +46 =60
n =1 Axt CH
3
COOH
Chn A
Cu 28: Cho glixerol (glixerin) phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C
17
H
35
COOH v
C15
H
31
COOH , s loi trieste c to ra ti a l
A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.

Phn tch, hng dn gii
Cc trieste c to ra t glixerol v 2 axit C
17
H
35
COOH (RCOOH) v C
15
H
31
COOH
(RCOOH) l
RCOOCH
2
RCOOCH
2
RCOOCH
2
RCOOCH
2
RCOOCH
2
RCOO CH
2

RCOOCH RCOOCH RCOOCH RCOOCH RCOOCH RCOOCH

RCOOCH
2
RCOOCH
2
RCOOCH
2
RCOOCH
2
RCOOCH
2
RCOOCH
2

C 6 sn phm
Chn A

Cu 29: Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta thng iu ch HNO
3
t
A. NaNO
2
v H
2
SO
4
c. B. NaNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
c.
C. NH
3
v O2. D. NaNO
3
v HCl c.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
Phn ng iu ch HNO
3
trong phng th nghim
2NaNO
3
+H
2
SO
4
c 2HNO
3
+Na
2
SO
4

Chn B

Cu 30: C th phn bit 3 dung dch: KOH, HCl, H
2
SO
4
(long) bng mt thuc th l
A. giy qu tm. B. Zn. C. Al. D. BaCO
3
.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
BaCO
3
: Khng c phn ng vi NaOH
BaCO
3
+2HCl BaCl
2
+H
2
O +CO
2

BaCO
3
+H2
S
O
4
BaSO
4
+CO
2
+H
2
O
Nhn bit c C 3 cht
Chn D

Cu 31: C 4 dung dch ring bit: a) HCl, b) CuCl
2
, c) FeCl
3
, d) HCl c ln CuCl
2
.
Nhng vo mi dung dch mt thanh Fe nguyn cht. S trng hp xut hin n mn
in ho l
A. 0. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
Trng hp b) Cu to thnh bm vo Fe to thnh hai in cc cng nhng trong mi
trng in ly Xy ra hin tng n mn in ha
Trng hp d) CuCl
2
phn ng trc vi Fe to thnh Cu bm vo Fe c hai cp in
cc , c hai c nhng trong mi trng in ly HCl , CuCl
2
Xy ra hin tng n
mn in ha
C hai trng hp
Chn C

Cu 32: in phn dung dch cha a mol CuSO
4
v b mol NaCl (vi in cc tr, c
mng ngnxp). dung dch sau in phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng
th iu kin ca a v b l (bit ion SO4
2-
khng b in phn trong dung dch)
A. b > 2a. B. b =2a. C. b <2a. D. 2b =a.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
CuSO
4
Cu
2+
+ SO
4
2-

a mol a
NaCl Na
+
+ Cl
-

b mol b
Cu
2+
+ 2Cl- Cu + Cl
2

a b
Nu d Cl
-
: a/1 <b/2 2a <b 2Cl- + 2H
2
O 2OH- + Cl
2
+ H
2

V trong mi trng kim phenoltalein chuyn sang mu hng Cl
-
d
Chn A

Cu 33: Trn 100 ml dung dch (gm Ba(OH)
2
0,1M v NaOH 0,1M) vi 400 ml dung
dch (gm H
2
SO
4
0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M), thu c dung dch X. Gi tr pH ca dung
dch X l
A. 7. B. 2. C. 1. D. 6.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
n
Ba(OH)2
=0,01 mol , n
NaOH
=0,01 mol , n
H2SO4
=0,015 mol , n
HCl
=0,025 mol
Tng s mol OH- : 0,02 +0,01 =0,03 mol
Tng s mol ca H
+
: 0,035 mol
Phn ng :
H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O
Ban u 0,035 0,03
Sau phn ng d 0,005 mol H+ , Tng th tch l 0,5 lit [H
+
] =0,005/0,05 =0,01
PH =- Lg[H
+
] =-lg0,01 =2
Chn B

Cu 34: Khi t 0,1 mol mt cht X (dn xut ca benzen), khi lng CO
2
thu c
nh hn 35,2 gam. Bit rng , 1 mol X ch tc dng c vi 1 mol NaOH. Cng thc
cu to thu gn ca X l (cho C =12, O =16)
A. C
2
H
5
C
6
H
4
OH. B. HOCH
2
C
6
H
4
COOH.
C. HOC
6
H
4
CH
2
OH. D. C
6
H
4
(OH)
2
.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
n
CO2
=35,2/44 =0,8 mol
t chy 0,1 mol X cho khng qu 0,8 mol X khng c qu 8 nguyn t C C p
n C , D u tha mn iu kin ny
1 mol X tc dng vi 1 mol NaOH X ch c 1 nhm OH lin kt trc tip vi
nhn benzen
Chn C
HO-C
6
H
4
-CH
2
-OH + NaOH NaO-C
6
H
4
-CH
2
OH + H
2
O
1 : 1

Cu 35: Trong mt nhm A (phn nhm chnh), tr nhm VIIIA (phn nhm chnh
nhm VIII), theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t th
A. tnh phi kim gim dn, bn knh nguyn t tng dn.
B. tnh kim loi tng dn, m in tng dn.
C. m in gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn.
D. tnh kim loi tng dn, bn knh nguyn t gim dn.

Cu 36: thu c Al
2
O
3
t hn hp Al
2
O
3
v Fe
2
O
3
, ngi ta ln lt:
A. dng kh H
2
nhit cao, dung dch NaOH (d).
B. dng kh CO nhit cao, dung dch HCl (d).
C. dng dung dch NaOH (d), dung dch HCl (d), ri nung nng.
D. dng dung dch NaOH (d), kh CO
2
(d), ri nung nng.

Cu 37: X l mt ancol (ru) no, mch h. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol X cn 5,6 gam
oxi, thu c hi nc v 6,6 gam CO
2
. Cng thc ca X l (cho C =12, O =16)
A. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
. B. C
3
H
7
OH. C. C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
. D.
C
3
H
6
(OH)
2
.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
n
CO2
=0,15 mol , n
O2
=0,175 mol
n
H2O
=n
CO2
+n
ancol
=0,15 +0,05 =0,2
n
O
(trong ru) =0,3 +0,2 0,175.2 =0,15 C : H : O =0,15 : 0,2 : 0,15
C
3
H
8
O
3

Chn C

Cu 38: Cho hn hp Fe, Cu phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 long. Sau khi phn ng
hon ton, thu c dung dch ch cha mt cht tan v kim loi d. Cht tan l
A. Cu(NO
3
)
2
. B. HNO
3
. C. Fe(NO
3
)
2
. D. Fe(NO
3
)
3
.

Cu 39: Cho cc cht: etyl axetat, anilin, ancol (ru) etylic, axit acrylic, phenol,
phenylamoni clorua, ancol (ru) benzylic, p-crezol. Trong cc cht ny, s cht tc dng
c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 3.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
Etylaxetat : CH
3
COOC
2
H
5

Axit acrylic : CH
2
=CH-COOH
Phenol : C6H5-OH
Phenyl amoni clorua : C
6
H
5
-NH
3
Cl
p Crezol : p Metyl - C
6
H
4
OH
Chn p n C

Cu 40: Thc hin hai th nghim:
1) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lt NO.
2) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch cha HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5 M
thot ra V2 lt NO. Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu
kin. Quan h gia V1 v V2 l (cho Cu =64)
A. V
2
=V
1
. B. V
2
= 2V
1
. C. V
2
=2,5V
1
. D. V
2
=1,5V
1
.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
Trng hp 1 : n
Cu
=0,06 mol , n
HNO3
=0,08 mol
HNO3 H+ + NO3-
0,08 0,08 0,08
3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
-
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO + 4H
2
O
Ban u 0,06 0,08 0,08
Th tch ca NO : V
1
=0,02.22,4 =4,48 lt

Trng hp 2 : n
Cu
=0,06 mol , n
HNO3
=0,08 mol , n
H2SO4
=0,04 mol
Tng s mol H+: 0,18 mol , s mol NO
3
-
: 0,08 mol
3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
-
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO + 4H
2
O
Ban u 0,06 0,16 0,08
Th tch kh thu c : V
2
=0,04.22,4 =8,96 lt
V
2
=2V
1

Chn B

Cu 41: t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO
2
v c mol
H
2
O (bit b =a +c).Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X
thuc dy ng ng anehit
A. no, n chc. B. khng no c hai ni i, n chc.
C. khng no c mt ni i, n chc. D. no, hai chc.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
Xt 1 nhm Andehit : R-C
+1
HO +Ag
2
O R-C
+3
OOH +2Ag
C
+1
2e C
+3

V 1 nhm -CHO cho 2 e nn theo gi thit anehit ch c 1 nhm CHO
Gi cng thc phn t ca andehit l C
x
H
y
O
C
x
H
y
O + O
2
x CO
2
+ y/2 H
2
O
a mol ax ay/2
Theo gi thit : n
CO2
=ax =b
n
H2O
=ay/2 =c
b =a +c ax =ay/2 +a y =2x 2
C
x
H
2x-2
O Anht khng no n chc c 1 ni i trong gc Hidrocacbon
Chn C

Cu 42: Pht biu khng ng l
A. Dung dch fructoz ho tan c Cu(OH)2.
B. Thy phn (xc tc H+, to) saccaroz cng nh mantoz u cho cng mt
monosaccarit.
C. Sn phm thy phn xenluloz (xc tc H+, to) c th tham gia phn ng trng gng.
D. Dung dch mantoz tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 khi un nng cho kt ta Cu2O.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
B : Thy phn saccarozo to ra : 1 gc glucozo +1 gc fructozo
Thy phn mantozo to ra 2 gc glucozo
B ng

Cu 43: Hai este n chc X v Y l ng phn ca nhau. Khi ho hi 1,85 gam X, thu
c th tch hi ng bng th tch ca 0,7 gam N2 (o cng iu kin). Cng thc
cu to thu gn ca X v Y
l (cho H =1, C =12, N =14, O =16)
A. HCOOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOCH
3
. B. C
2
H
3
COOC
2
H
5
v C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
3
.
C. C
2
H5COOCH
3
v HCOOCH(CH
3
)
2
. D. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
n
N2
=0,7/14 =0,025 mol ,
V 1,85 gam X th hi c th tch bng vi th tch ca 0,7 gam N
2
n
X
=n
N2
n
X

=1,85/0,025 =74
V X l este n chc Cng thc phn t C
x
H
y
O
2
12x +y +32 =74
12x +y =42 x =3 , y =6
Vy cng thc ca Este l : HCOOCH
2
-CH
3
, CH
3
COOCH
3

Chn p n A
Cu 44: C 3 cht lng benzen, anilin, stiren, ng ring bit trong 3 l mt nhn. Thuc
th phn bit 3 cht lng trn l
A. dung dch phenolphtalein. B. nc brom.
C. dung dch NaOH. D. giy qu tm.

Phn tch, hng dn gii
Anilin +3Br
2
2,4,6 Tribrom anilin +3HBr
Stiren C
6
H
5
-CH=CH
2
+ Br
2
C
6
H
5
-CHBr-CH
2
Br
Mu nu khng mu
Benzen khng phn ng vi Br
2

Chn B

PHN RING: Th sinh ch c chn lm 1 trong 2 phn (Phn I hoc Phn II).
Phn I. Theo chng trnh KHNG phn ban (6 cu, t cu 45 n cu 50):
Cu 45: Cho 4 phn ng:
(1) Fe +2HCl FeCl
2
+H
2

(2) 2NaOH +(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
Na
2
SO
4
+2NH
3
+2H
2
O
(3) BaCl
2
+Na
2
CO
3
BaCO
3
+2NaCl
(4) 2NH
3
+2H
2
O +FeSO
4
Fe(OH)
2
+(NH
4
)
2
SO
4

Cc phn ng thuc loi phn ng axit - baz l
A. (2), (4). B. (3), (4). C. (2), (3). D. (1), (2).
Phn tch, hng dn gii
(2) 2NaOH + (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
Na
2
SO
4
+ 2NH
3
+ 2H
2
O
Bazo Axit
(4) 2NH
3
+ 2H
2
O + FeSO4 Fe(OH)
2
+ (NH
4
)2SO
4

Baz Axit
Chn A
Cu 46: Thy phn este c cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O
2
(vi xc tc axit), thu c 2 sn
phm hu c X v Y. T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y. Vy cht X l
A. ru metylic. B. etyl axetat. C. axit fomic. D. ru etylic.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
CH
3
-COOCH
2
-CH
3
+H
2
O CH
3
-COOH (Y) +CH
3
-CH
2
OH (X)
CH
3
-CH2OH (X) +O
2
men gim CH
3
COOH (Y) +H
2
O
X l ru etylic CH3-CH2OH : Etyl etylic Chn D

Cu 47: Cho m gam hn hp bt Zn v Fe vo lng d dung dch CuSO4. Sau khi kt
thc cc phn ng, lc b phn dung dch thu c m gam bt rn. Thnh phn phn
trm theo khi lng ca Zn trong hn hp bt ban u l (cho Fe =56, Cu =64, Zn =
65)
A. 90,27%. B. 85,30%. C. 82,20%. D. 12,67%.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
Gi s mol ca Zn , Fe l x , y khi lng ca hn hp ban u : m =65x +56y
Zn + CuSO
4
ZnSO
4
+ Cu
x x
Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
y y
Khi lng cht rn sau phn ng l : m =64x +65y
65x +56y =64x +64y x =8y
% Zn =65x.100/(65x +56y) =65.8.x.100/(65.8.y+56y) =90,27%
Chn A

Cu 48: Cho 0,01 mol mt hp cht ca st tc dng ht vi H
2
SO
4
c nng (d), thot
ra 0,112 lt ( ktc) kh SO
2
(l sn phm kh duy nht). Cng thc ca hp cht st l
A. FeS. B. FeS
2
. C. FeO D. FeCO
3
.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
S
+6
+ 2e S
+4

0,01 0,02 mol
C . FeO + H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ H
2
O
Phng trnh cho e :
Fe+2 1e Fe+3
0,1 0,1 mol Tha mn

Cu 49: Khi oxi ha hon ton 2,2 gam mt anehit n chc thu c 3 gam axit tng
ng. Cng thc caanehit l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)
A. HCHO. B. C
2
H
3
CHO. C. C
2
H
5
CHO. D. CH
3
CHO.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
Gi cng thc phn t ca andehit l
R-CHO + O
2
R-COOH
2,2 3
Dng nh lut bo ton khi lng m
Oxi
=3 2,2 =0,8 n O2 =0,025 mol
n andehit =2.0,025 =0,05 mol
Khi lng phn t ca andehit =2,2/0,05 =44 R +29 =44 R =15
12x +y =15 x =1 , y =3 CH
3

Chn D

Cu 50: Khi brom ha mt ankan ch thu c mt dn xut monobrom duy nht c t
khi hi i vi hiro l 75,5. Tn ca ankan l (cho H = 1, C = 12, Br = 80)
A. 3,3-imetylhecxan. B. 2,2-imetylpropan.
C. isopentan. D. 2,2,3-trimetylpentan.
Phn tch, hng dn gii
Gi cng thc phn t ca ankan l C
n
H
2n+2

C
n
H
2n+2
+Br
2
C
n
H
2n+1
Br +HBr
Khi lng phn t ca dn xut : 75,5.2 =151 14n +81 =151 n =5
C
5
H
12
, Cc ng phn : CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
3
(1) pentan

CH
3

CH
3
-C - CH
3
(3) 2,2-imetyl propan

CH
3

Chn B

KHI A NM 2008 M 794

I. p n chi tit:

p n: A
Cu ny khng cn thi gian suy ngh nhiu, ch cn c ln lt tng phn ng v nh du li,
10-15s

p n: D
Cu ny cng khng cn nhiu thi gian, ch cn c bi, nh du qua tng cht ri m,
hoc loi tr Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v K
2
SO
3
, 10-15s

p n: A
nCO
2
= 0,2 mol (nhm), nOH
-
= 0,25 mol (nhm: (1+2*2)/2 = 2,5 0,25) 0,05 mol CO
3
2-

v 0,15 mol HCO
3
-
(nhm bo ton C + bo ton in tch m) 0,05 mol Ba
2+
b kt ta
9,85g (nhm)

p n: C

n
FeO
= nFe
2
O
3
xem hn hp cho l 0,01 mol Fe
3
O
4
(M = 232 quen thuc) p n C
(t l Fe

3
O
4
: HCl = 1:8 cng rt quen thuc, hoc nhm nhanh: Fe
3
O
4
: 0,4mol O
2-
0,8 mol H+)


p n: B
D kin 1 c gc NO
3
-
D kin 2 c gc NH
4
+

p n: D
Cu ny kh n gin, ch cn c ln lt tng p n l chn c p n ng. Thm ch,
p n D vi ni dung ngn hn thng c c trc tin (theo tm l thng thng ca hc sinh)
(D l mui amoni hu c, khng phi este)
Cu ny 5-10s

p n; A
Cu ny kh n gin, 5-10s

p n: A
y l 1 cu tng i di.
V CuO d 2 ru phn ng ht, M
Y
= 27,5 < 29 trong hn hp Y c H
2
O.

Trong phn ng oxh RCH
2
OH RCHO + H
2
O, t l mol l 1:1:1. Do
2
27, 5
2
aldehyde
H O
Y
M M
M
+
= = 37 aldehyde M = c HCHO v CH
3
CHO vi t l 1:1, n
Ag
=
0,6 mol ban u c 0,2 mol ru, m = 0,2 * (37+2) = 7,8g (tt c u c th nhm nhanh c)
Bi ny cn 40-60s

p n: D
Cu ny kh d, chc bn no cng nh v lm ng: 3 xylen + etylbenzen

p n: B
(a thm s liu: V = 1 lt). Nhn thong qua cng thy H
+
d l 0,02 mol pH = 2 (nhm)
Bi ny rt d, lm trong 5-10s

p n: C
D kin 1: phn tch h s th tch kh gim = th tch H
2
phn ng t l:1:2
D kin 2 Ru Z l ru 2 chc
p n C: X l aldehyde no, 2 chc.

p n: C
Cu ny qu d, ch cn 5s

p n: C
Cu ny cng kh d, Al 0,1mol v Fe 0,1 mol (nhm) khi tc dng vi Ag
+
c th cho ti
a 0,6mol e trong khi Ag
+
ch c 0,55 mol Ag
+
b kh ht, m = 0,55*108 = 59,4g
Cu ny cn 15-20s

p n: C
Y c kh nng trng gng Y l HCOOH hoc mt aldehyde
- Y l HCOOH Ru Z l CH
3
OH tch nc khng th ra anken
- Y l aldehyde Ru ban u khng no tch nc cng khng th ra anken
(cc p n cn li u ng hoc cha chc sai)
Cu ny cn 20-30s

p n : A
Catot (ch ca cation Na
+
, loi B v C)
Cu ny qu d, 5-10s.

p n: C
p dng phng php tng gim khi lng: m = 5,48 + 22*0.06 = 6,8g
Cu ny cn 15-20s

p n: A
2,24 lt NO
2
0,1 mol e 0,1 mol Ag 0,05 mol Aldehyde (loi tr HCHO) M = 72
p n A

Cu ny 15-20s

p n: B
Cu to mch C (ru acid) c th l: 4 = 1 + 3 = 2+ 2 = 3 (thng v nhnh) + 1 c 4 ng
phn
Cu ny 15-20s

p n: C
Cu ny cng rt d, ch cn 5-10s

p n: D
y l Bi ton kinh in qu quen thuc, cho nhanh, ta p dng cng thc tnh nu
trong bi ging nh gi y hn ngha ca phng php ghp n s:
n
NO
= 0,06 mol (nhm) 0,18 mol e trao i
m
Fe
= 0,7*11,36 + 5,6 *0,3 = 8,96g hay 0,16 mol mFe(NO
3
)
3
= 38,72g
Bi ny cn 20 -30s.

p n: B
y l mt kin thc c bn v cu to bng tun hon, khng c g trao i thm
Cu ny cn 10-15s

p n: B
Phn ng ca Al vi NaOH c t l 1:1 (nhm d dng v to ra NaAlO
2
c Na : Al = 1:1) do
Al d. H
2
0,4 mol (nhm) s e Al v Na cho l 0,8 mol (vi t l Al : Na = 1:1) Al = Na =
0,2 mol Al d = 0,2 mol m = 5,4g (tt c u tnh nhm c)

Cu ny cn 20-30s

p n: C
Cu ny cng khng kh nu hc k v nh c CTPT ca 2 loi t ny.
Cu ny cn 20-30s

p n: A
X l mui cacbonat X
1
l oxit X
2
l kim (loi B) Y l mui acid l NaHCO
3
Cu ny cn 20-30s

p n : B
Cu ny khng c, c k , ln lt tng cht v nh du li l c p n ng.
Cu ny cn 10-15s

p n : C

Ch l bi hi V ln nht. Th t phn ng : trung ha trao i.
Trong nH
+
= 0, 2 mol n
NaOH
= 0,2 mol
v nAl
3+
= 0,2 mol trong c 0,1 mol Al(OH)
3
kt ta 0,3 mol NaOH v 0,1 mol NaAlO
2

0,4 mol NaOH (t l ca phn ng t Al
3+
NaAlO
2
l Al(OH)
3
: NaOH = 1:4)
Tng hp li, n
NaOH
= 0,9 mol V = 0,45 lt
(Tt c cc gi tr trn u c th nhm c rt nhanh)
Cu ny lm trong 20-30s

p n: B
Hn hp X gm 3 Hidrocacbon c cng 3C. Do d dng tm ra CTPT trung bnh ca X l
C
3
H
6,4
3CO
2
+ 3,2H
2
O
Khi lng cn tm: m = 0,3*44 + 18*0,32 = 18,96g

p n: A
Kt ta l 0,6 mol Al(OH)
3
(46,8/78 nhm c) 0,6 mol Al
3+
ban u c 0,1 mol
Al

4
C
3
v 0,2 mol Al (nhm c) 0,3 mol CH
4
+ 0,3 mol H
2
(nhm c) a = 0,6

p n: D
Cu hi ny khng kh, nhng i hi cc em phi nh danh php v bit cch vit li cho ng
CTCT.

p n: D
Cu ny lm trong 5s

p n: C
m
gim
= m
O
= 0,32g n(CO, H
2
) = n
O
= 0,02 mol V = 0,448 lt (tt c u c th nhm rt
nhanh)
Cu ny cn 10-15s

p n: A
Cu ny rt d, nh l HCl c Cl
-
trng thi oxh thp nht khng cn tnh oxh, tnh oxh
ch do H

+
gy ra c phn ng no c gii phng H
2
l ok.
Cu ny ch cn 5s

p n: B
Cu ny kh d, ch cn 5-10s

p n: B
Cu ny ch cn 5s

p n: D
Cu ny ch cn 5-10s, ch oleic l acid khng no

p n: C
nH
+
= 0,08 + 0,04 = 0,12 mol, n
Cu
= 0,05 mol m t l phn ng to NO l:
Cu + 4H
+
NO H
+
ht, Cu d NO = 0,12/4 = 0,03 mol 0,672 lt (nhm c ht)
Cu ny cn 20-30s

p n: B
250kg 4000 mol VC. T l 2CH
4
-C
2
H
3
Cl- (bo ton C) V = 4000*2/0,5/0,8 = 448
Cu ny cn 20-30s

p n: C
m
tng
= m
O
= 1,2g n
O
= 0,075 mol n
HCl
= 0,15 mol V = 75ml (nhm c ht)
Cu ny cn 15-20s

p n: D
Cu ny l thun ty l thuyt, ch cn nh l ok, 5s.

p n: D
Z c M = 16 trong Z cn H
2
(M = 2) d v C
2
H
6
(M = 30) t l 1:1 (M trung bnh l
trung bnh cng) hay H

2
- 0,01 mol, C
2
H
6
0,01 mol H
2
phn ng l 0,03 mol, trong 0,02 mol
to thnh C
2
H
6
m tng = 26*0,05 + 2*0,01 = 1,32g

(c th gii nhanh hn bng phng php bo ton khi lng:
m
tng
= 0,06*26 + 0,04*2 0,02*16 = 1,32g)
Cu ny cn 20-30s

p n: B
Cu ny rt d dng, tm l chung l khi ni kim loi tc dng vi Fe3+ bao gi ta cng ngh
n Fe v Cu trc (thi quen t duy) ^^
Cu ny 10-15s

p n: A
Cu ny rt d, 5-10s

p n: B
12x + y = 16*3,625 = 58 x = 4, y = 10, c 4 ng phn qu quen thuc l n-, iso, sec v
tert-
Cu ny 10-15s

p n: D
Cu ny ch cn 10-15s

p n: D
Phn ng hon ton m Al d Fe
2
O
3
phn ng ht.
T d kin 2 nH
2
= 0,0375mol Al d l 0,0375/1,5 = 0,025 mol, kt hp vi d kin 1
Fe sinh ra l 0,1 mol (trong Y)
Fe
2
O
3
ban u l 0,1 mol v Al = 0,05 + 0,2 = 0,25 mol m = 16 + 0,25*27 = 22,75g

p n: A
Cu ny rt d, 1 quy tc ca n mn in ha v phn ng oxh kh, 5-10s

p n: D
Cc lm bi tp ny c th xem thm trong bi ging Phn tch h s v ng dng
Khi lng hn hp trc v sau c bo ton KLPT (M) t l nghch vi s mol kh
M = 12 * 2 * 3 = 72 C
5
H
12

p n: B
Cu ny ch cn cn thn 1 cht l ok, 10-15s

p n: D
Cu ny c nguyn vn trong SGK, ch cn 5-10s

p n: C
m trn mch C:
C C C C
C

Cu ny ch cn 5 10s

p n: A
M
glucose
= 180 M
sorbitol
= 182 0,01 mol Sorbitol (nhm c ht)
M = 180 * 0,01/0,8 = 2,25g

p n: D
0,01 mol Cr
3+
0,01 mol Cr
+6
cho 0,03 mol e 0,015 mol Cl
2
.
S mol K
+
phi bo ton in tch vi: 0,01 mol CrO
4
2-
, 0,03 mol Cl
-
(trong CrCl
3
) v 0,03
mol Cl
-
(to thnh t 0,15 mol Cl
2
) 0,08 mol 0,08 mol KOH

p n: A
y l mt nguyn tc in ha, cc m l Zn b n mn.

p n: B
Cu ny qu n gin, 5s

p n: A
y l mt quy trnh quen thuc, iu ch Cu t qung chancopirit.

p n: C
p dng phng php m ng phn trn mch C.
II. Mt s nhn xt:
Qua vic gii nhanh cc bi tp trong thi tuyn sinh H C khi A nm 2008 mn Ha, ta
rt ra mt s nhn xt nh sau:
1, thi nm nay v c bn l tng ng vi thi H nm ngoi (2007) tuy nhin c phn
d hn mt cht, th hin 2 :
Mt l, cc em hc sinh cng nh gio vin lm quen tt hn vi hnh thc thi trc
nghim cng nh cc dng bi tp thi trc nghim c th ri vo thi nn c s chun
b tt hn.
Hai l, thi nm nay khng cn nhiu cu hi kh, khng c cu hi di, cng khng
c thm c dng bi tp no mi v c sc hn, so vi thi nm ngoi.
Vi mc thi th ny, cng vi vic thi L khng qu kh v thi Ton nm nay c
phn d hn (d tnh ton di hn v phc tp hn) nm ngoi, c th d on ph im thi H nm
nay s tng i ng u hn khu vc 15-20 im. Do , kt qu thi tnh chung c l s cao
hn, im chun vo cc trng H s mc tng ng hoc cao hn nm ngoi mt cht
(khong 0,5 im), nht l cc trng c im chun nm trc trong khong 17-21.
2, T l kin thc lp 12 tip tc chim u th v gi vai tr ch o trong thi H vi
khong 80 - 85% cu hi cho cc ni dung lin quan (t l ny c phn cao hn so vi cc nm
trc, k c nm 2007). Tuy nhin, Ha hc v Ton hc khng ging nh Vt l hay Sinh hc, kin
thc thi mn Ha mang tnh lin tc, i hi th sinh vn phi nm vng nhng nguyn l, nhng
nh lut v nhng phng php t duy Ha hc ct li c tch ly t lp 10, lp 11. an xen vo
mi cu hi ta vn thy mt s thng nht, s lin tc v kin thc.

3, thi Ha hc d rt c gng v c cht lng cao, th sinh phi c kin thc Ha hc v
t duy logic tng i mnh th mi c th vn dng tt chin thut chn ngu nhin mt cch c
hiu qu. Mc d vy, trong thi vn bc l nhiu im yu trong suy ngh, nhn thc ca ngi ra
(ti s phn tch c th trong mt bi vit khc sau) nn vn cha thc s phn loi tt c th
sinh v nu tnh to, th sinh hon ton c th vt qua d dng nhng phng n nhiu. Ch
khong 10-20% thi l c th p dng chin thut chn ngu nhin.
4, gii nhanh c mt bi ton m rng hn l mt thi Ha hc, i hi s kt hp
nhun nhuyn v hiu qu 4 yu t: kin thc, k nng, kinh nghim v phng php (ch l ti
xp phng php hng th yu, cui cng), m mi mt yu t u i hi mt qu trnh rn
luyn tch cc v ng hng (nn cn phi c hng dn). Nhng mc thi gian lm bi ti t
ra trong p n l trong iu kin l tng, vi mt hc sinh hi t c 4 yu t trn v trong
iu kin nh vy th mt thi H (d tng c nh gi l kh) cng c th gii quyt c
trong vng 15-20 pht. Tt nhin, tm l thc t trong phng thi s khc v khng c nhiu hc
sinh hi t c 4 yu t trn, song, phi ni nh vy cc em thy v t tin rng vic gii trn
vn thi H trong vng 30 pht khng phi l iu khng th v trong 60-90 pht th l iu
hon ton c th
Hy vng l qua nhng g trnh by trn, cc em th sinh nhng nm sau s t tm ra cho
mnh mt hng t duy ng, mt cch lm bi nhanh v c hiu qu. ng thi, cng c c
nhng thng tin b ch tm ra cho mnh mt phng n n tp ph hp nht nhm nng cao c 4
yu t trn. Nht l khi B GD T gn nh chc chn s phi t b k hoch gp 2 k thi H v
Tt nghip THPT lm mt (ti s c bi vit phn tch nhng bt hp l ca d tho ny sau).
Chc cc em hc tt v thi tt!!!

KHI B NM 2008 M 195

Mc d bn i cng tc nhng ti vn ch theo di hot ng ca cc forum trong t thi th
2 v tht ng mng l ngay sau khi cc bui thi din ra, rt nhiu thy c gio nhit tnh gii chi
tit v trn vn thi tuyn sinh H mn Ha nm nay cho khi B, trong c nhng bi vit kh
hay nh p n chi tit ca tc gi L Phm Thnh. Tuy c hi mun, nhng ti cng xin ng gp
mt s kin ring ca mnh cho thi nm nay v ti tin rng nhng ai thc s quan tm u c th
tm thy trong bi vit ny nhng iu ng hc hi.
*
Trong bi vit c s dng t liu c cung cp bi tc gi L Phm Thnh!

PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (44 cu, t cu 1 n cu 44)
Cu 1 : Cho bit cc phn ng xy ra nh sau :
2FeBr
2
+ Br
2
2FeBr
3
;

2NaBr + Cl
2
2NaCl + Br
2
Pht biu ng l
A. tnh kh ca mnh hn ca Cl
Br
.
B. tnh oxi ho ca Br
2
mnh hn ca Cl
2
.
C. tnh kh ca mnh hn ca Fe Br
2+
.
D. tnh oxi ho ca Cl
2
mnh hn ca Fe
3+
.
# p n D.
i vi cu hi loi ny, ta c th lm bng phng php loi tr nhng ch nn p dng nu
trong bi ch c 1 cp oxh kh hoc cu hi c tnh tun t, cn trong bi tp ny, cu hi c tnh
cht lin h - bc cu th ta nn lm theo kiu lit k.
Phng trnh 1 Fe
3+
< Br
2
, phng trnh 2 Br
2
< Cl
2
Fe
3+
< Br
2
< Cl
2
(ch xt ring tnh oxh, cn tnh kh s theo chiu ngc li ging nh dy in ha)
Cu ny khng kh nhng c tnh logic, kh hay. Lm trong 5-10s
Cu 2 : Dy cc nguyn t sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim t tri sang phi l
A. P, N, F, O. B. N, P, F, O. C. P, N, O, F. D. N, P, O, F.
# p n C.
Cu ny c th loi tr p n, do a s cc em u bit F l phi kim mnh nht, nn p n A
v B d dng b loi. Gia C v D cng khng kh chn c p n ng.
Nhn chung, y l mt cu hi d, ch cn 5s.
Cu 3 : Nguyn tc luyn thp t gang l
A. dng O
2
oxi ho cc tp cht Si, P, S, Mn, ... trong gang thu c thp.
B. dng cht kh CO kh oxit st thnh st nhit cao.

C. dng CaO hoc CaCO
3
kh tp cht Si, P, S, Mn, ... trong gang thu c thp.
D. tng thm hm lng cacbon trong gang thu c thp.
# p n A.
Ch , trnh nhm ln vi nguyn tc sn xut gang!
y l mt cu hi thun ty l thuyt, nhng li ri vo mt ni dung m rt t em quan tm,
nn chc cng gy khng t kh khn.
Cu ny lm trong 10s
Cu 4 : un nng cht H
2
N-CH
2
-CONH-CH(CH
3
)-CONH-CH
2
-COOH trong dung dch HCl (d),
sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c sn phm l
A. H
2
N-CH
2
-COOH, H
2
H-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH.
B. H
3
N
+
-CH
2
- CO , H OHCl
3
N
+
-CH
2
-CH
2
- COOHCl
.
C. H
3
N
+
-CH
2
- CO , H OHCl
3
N
+
-CH(CH
3
)- COOHCl
.
D. H
2
N-CH
2
-COOH, H
2
N-CH(CH
3
)-COOH.
# p n C.
y, cch vit HCl
-
c th gy mt cht l cho th sinh, nhng ti ngh l cng khng lm
kh c cc em, v n tng t vi cch vit mui ni ca amino acid
+
H
3
N-R-COO
-
, hn na, nu
c kinh nghim th cng ch cn thy rng y c 2 nhm: c to mui v khng to mui, ta khng
cn quan tm bi vit theo cch no.
Nu lm mt cch bi bn th ch cn xt v tr ct ca lin kt peptid (ch l lin kt amide v
lin kt ester c im chung rt d nh ^^)
Tuy nhin, bi ny c th lm bng cch suy lun rt thng minh nh sau: sn phm to thnh
phi c nhnh CH(CH
3
)- do loi ngay 2 p n A v B. Ch d kin HCl(d) l ta s c c
p n ng.
Vi cch suy lun nh vy th bi ny c th lm trong 5-10s.
y, p n gy nhiu A v B c phn hi th khi khng a nhnh vo!
Cu 5 : Cho s chuyn ho sau :
0 0
2
Br (1:1mol ),Fe,t NaOH(d ),t ,p HCl(d )
Toluen X Y Z
+ + +

Trong X, Y, Z u l hn hp ca cc cht hu c, Z c thnh phn chnh gm
A. m-metylphenol v o-metylphenol. B. benzyl bromua v o-bromtoluen.
C. o-bromtoluen v p-bromtoluen. D. o-metylphenol v p-metylphenol.
# p n D.
X : o-bromtoluen v p-bromtoluen ; Y : o-NaO-C
6
H
4
-CH
3
v p-NaO-C
6
H
4
-CH
3

Z : o-metylphenol v p-metylphenol.

Cu hi ny cng c th gi l hay, cp n quy tc th trn nhn benzen, nhng ci m cc
em d lng tng hn c l l cch gi tn.
Bi ny lm trong 10s
Cu 6 : Mt mu nc cng cha cc ion : Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
,
3
HCO
, Cl
, . Cht c dng lm
mm mu nc cng trn l
2
4
SO

A. Na
2
CO
3
. B. HCl. C. H
2
SO
4
. D. NaHCO
3
.
# p n A.
Nguyn tc lm mm nc cng ton phn (bng phng php ha hc) l dng Na
3
PO
4
hoc
Na
2
CO
3
loi b Mg
2+
v Ca
2+
di dng mui kt ta.
Cu hi ny cng thun l thuyt, kh d, lm trong 5-10s
Cu 7 : un nng hn hp gm hai ru (ancol) n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng
ng vi H
2
SO
4
c 140
0
C. Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 6 gam hn hp gm ba ete v
1,8 gam nc. Cng thc phn t ca hai ru trn l
A. CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH. B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH.
C. C
3
H
5
OH v C
4
H
7
OH. D. C
3
H
7
OH v C
4
H
9
OH
# p n A.
Ta gi chung 2 ru l OH R ete thu c l R O R , phn ng ete ha c n
ru
= n
nc
= 0,1
mol M
ete
= 60 22 =
R
M -CH
3
(M = 15) v ng ng k tip l C
2
H
5
Bi ny kh d v l mt dng bi quen thuc, cc s liu u c th nhm c, lm trong 15-
20s.
Cu 8 : Cho cc cht : ru (ancol) etylic, glixerin (glixerol), glucoz, imetyl ete v axit fomic. S
cht tc dng c vi Cu(OH)
2
l
A. 1. B. 3. C. 4. D. 2.
# p n B.
C th: glixerol (to phc) ; glucoz (to phc v oxi ha kh) ; ring i vi trng hp acid
formic, tuy cn mt s kin nghi ng, nhng i vi kin thc ca mt hc sinh ph thng, th hon
ton c th chp nhn c, phn ng y c th l phn ng acid base hoc l phn ng oxh kh
ca nhm aldehyde vi Cu(OH)
2
(chnh xc hn l trong mi trng kim)
Bi ny kh d, va c va nh du v m, lm trong 5-10s
Cu 9 : Oxi ho 1,2 gam CH
3
OH bng CuO nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp sn
phm X (gm HCHO, H
2
O, CH
3
OH d). Cho ton b X tc dng vi lng d Ag
2
O (hoc AgNO
3
)
trong dung dch NH
3
, c 12,96 gam Ag. Hiu sut ca phn ng oxi ho CH
3
OH l
A. 76,6%. B. 80,0%. C. 65,5%. D. 70,4%.
# p n B.

CH
3
OH HCHO 4Ag
n
Ag
= 0,12 mol (nhm) nCH
3
OH phn ng = 0,03 mol (nhm)
nCH
3
OH ban u = 0,0375 mol H% = 80%
y l mt cu hi d v kh quen thuc.
V l mt cu hi rt d, nn vic a thm cc p n nhiu vo nu khng kho s kh t
c hiu qu gy nhiu v tr thnh v ngha. cu hi ny, cc p n gy nhiu c a
vo thi qu ty tin v v trch nhim m khng h da trn mt c s tnh ton no. i vi mt
hc sinh khng c kin thc cng c th d dng chn p n l B v l lun kt qu thng l s
p.
Trong trng hp ny, nn thay vo bng p n 40% nh vy di 4 p n s c 2 s trn 2
s l s gy kh khn cho nhng th sinh khng bit lm m ch chn ngu nhin, ng thi cng
khin cho nhng th sinh kin thc khng vng d b lng tng, cho d c gii ra kt qu l 80% ri
m khng vng vng cng c th b dao dng v mt thi gian vi ci 40% (v HCHO l aldehyde
c bit c t l phn ng to Ag l 1:4 trong khi cc aldehyde khc l 1:2)
Ngoi ra, nu ngi ra thc s mun by nhng th sinh chn ngu nhin th c th thm
vo p n 60%, vi 4 p n: 3 chn 1 l, s c khng t th sinh thiu kin thc chn theo tm l
p n c bit v b mt im.
Cu 10 : Khi lng ca tinh bt cn dng trong qu trnh ln men to thnh 5 lt ru (ancol)
etylic 46
0
l (bit hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 72% v khi lng ring ca ru etylic nguyn cht l
0,8 g/ml)
A. 5,4 kg. B. 5,0 kg. C. 6,0 kg. D. 4,5 kg.
# p n D.
C
6
H
10
O
5

H = 72%
2C
2
H
5
OH
m(tinh bt) =
46% 5 0,8 0, 5 162
4, 5
46 72%

= kg
y ta b qua h s n ca tinh bt v dng s hp thc (c tnh n hiu sut) tnh
nhanh. (Mc d, thc ra l: (C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n

H = 72%
2nC
2
H
5
OH ri trit tiu n). Php tnh rt di nhng
ch cn thc hin 1 ln trn my tnh m khng s nhm ln v ch php nhn v chia. Ch khng
i lt thnh ml n v cui cng l kg).
i vi cu hi ny cc phng n nhiu l c th chp nhn c, v c 4 phng n u
l nhng s trn - s kh cho hc sinh no mun chn ngu nhin. Tuy nhin, cc p n nhiu
vn cha da trn mt c s tnh ton no, nn nu phn bin p n tt th nn la chn cc phng
n nhiu hp l hn.

Trong trng hp ny nn a thm 2 phng n nhiu l 3,24 v 6,25. y l 2 phng n
nhiu ht sc hp l v qua kinh nghim ging dy thc t cho thy c khng t hc sinh vn cn
lng tng trong vic tnh ton cc bi tp c H%, vi 3,24 l trong trng hp qun khng chia cho
0,72 v 6,25 l tip tc chia 4,5 cho 0,72 (hiu nhm l 2 giai on). p n nhiu cn li l 5,4.
Nh vy di 4 p n l: 3,24 4,5 5,4 6,25, rt hp l.
Ngoi ra, cng c th thay 6,25 hoc 5,4 bng 2,333 vi ngha l nhm vic 3,24 chia 0,72
thnh nhn vi 0,72, cng to thnh b p n rt hay.
Cu 11 : Nung mt hn hp rn gm a mol FeCO
3
v b mol FeS
2
trong bnh kn cha khng kh (d).
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, a bnh v nhit ban u, thu c cht rn duy nht l
Fe
2
O
3
v hn hp kh. Bit p sut kh trong bnh trc v sau phn ng bng nhau, mi lin h gia
a v b l (bit sau cc phn ng, lu hunh mc oxi ho +4, th tch cc cht rn l khng ng k).
A. a = 0,5b. B. a = b. C. a = 4b. D. a = 2b.
# p n B.
Bi tp ny c th gii quyt theo 2 cch:
Cch 1: Vit PTP t chy.
4FeCO
3
+ O
2
2Fe
2
O
3
+ 4CO
2
; 4FeS
2
+ 11O
2
2Fe
2
O
3
+ 8SO
2

Cch 2: p dng nh lut bo ton e.
a mol FeCO
3
a mol CO
2
v cho a mol e, b mol FeS
2
2b mol SO
2
v cho 11b mol e.
O
2
+ 4e 2O
-2
p dng nh lut bo ton e, ta c
2
11
4
O
a b
n
+
=

C 2 cch lm u cho ta mt kt qu l:
p sut kh trong bnh khng i b a b a 2
4
11
4
1
+ = + a = b.
y, cc em phi lu rng 2 cch lm u c cng 1 bn cht, v cch 1, mun cn bng
phn ng cho ta phi p dng nh lut bo ton e ri. (^^ d nhin, hn ch vit ptp cng l mt
phong cch ring ca Sao bng).
Trong trng hp ca cu hi ny, cc p n gy nhiu c phn cm tnh khi xp chng i
mt gp i nhau, mc d vy, cng ging nh cu 10, y l nhng p n c th chp nhn c.
Tuy nhin, s l hay hn nu ta xp cc p n gy nhiu da trn vic nh gi nhng im yu ca
th sinh. V d a = 1,67b da vo vic th sinh c th xc nh sai s oxh ca S trong FeS2 l -2, ...,
cng c kin cho rng nn thm p n a = 5b vi lp lun l th sinh c th nhm nu ch cn c
vo h s ca phng trnh m xem cht rn cng c th tch nh cht kh. Tuy nhin, theo ti th kh
nng ny kh c th xy ra, v trong bi c ghi rt r rng th tch cc cht rn l khng ng
k

Cu 12 : Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d). Sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn Y thu c 7,62 gam FeCl
2
v m gam
FeCl
3
. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,75. B. 8,75. C. 7,80. D. 6,50.
# p n A.
Quy i hn hp u thnh hn hp ch c FeO v Fe
2
O
3
: FeO FeCl
2
; Fe
2
O
3
2FeCl
3
m
FeO
= 7,62/127*72 = 4,32gam mFe
2
O
3
= 4,8g hay 0,03 mol (nhm)
m = mFeCl
3
= (56 + 35,5*3)*0,03*2 = 9,75g
m = mFeCl
3
= 2*[9,12 (7,62/127)*72]*162,5/160 = 9,75 gam.
Ch l c th dn thnh mt php tnh lin hon :
m = m(FeCl
3
) = 2*[9,12 (7,62/127)*72]*162,5/160 = 9,75g
nhng khi thc hin lin hon nhiu php tnh trn my tnh bao gm c cng tr, nhn chia th
phi ht sc cn thn trong thao tc, nu khng s mc phi sai st.
C kin cho rng nn thay i cc p n nhiu, trong thm vo gi tr: 4,875 v 19,5. y
cng l mt kin hay, gi tr 4,875 cng rt c kh nng th sinh chn nhm, do khng nhn 2 s
mol Fe
2
O
3
khi n chuyn thnh FeCl
3
, mc d vy, gi tr 4,875 c phn hi l. Cn gi tr 19,5 nu
a vo chc ch nhiu c cc th sinh cha bit lm cu ny, v nu c mt cht kinh nghim th
s thy l n hi ln v hi v l.
Bi ny c th lm trong 20-40s
Cu 13 : Cho dy cc cht v ion : Cl
2
, F
2
, SO
2
, Na
+
, Ca
2+
, Fe
2+
, Al
3+
, Mn
2+
, S
2-
, . S cht v ion
trong dy u c tnh oxi ho v tnh kh l
Cl
A. 3. B. 4. C. 6. D. 5.
# p n B.
C tnh oxi ha v tnh kh s oxi ha trung gian : Cl
2
, SO
2
, Fe
2+
, Mn
2+
.
Trong cu hi ny s c nhiu bn s chn nhm phi p n A, do cc hp cht ca Mn t c
ch trong chng trnh, nht l chng trnh khng phn ban. Cu hi ny l ra nn c sp xp
vo phn la chn cho th sinh phn ban th s cng bng hn.
Bi ny lm trong 10 15s.
Cu 14 : Phn ng nhit phn khng ng l
A. 2KNO
3

0
t
2KNO
2
+ O
2
B. NH
4
NO
2

0
t
N
2
+ 2H
2
O
C. NH
4
Cl
0
t
NH
3
+ HCl D. NaHCO
3

0
t
NaOH + CO
2
# p n D.

2NaHCO
3

0
t
Na
2
CO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
Cc mui Cacbonate ca kim loi kim bn vi nhit nn khng b nhit phn tip trong iu
kin thng thng.
Cu hi ny kh d, lm trong 5-10s
Cu 15 : Cho dy cc cht : KAl(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O, C
2
H
5
OH, C
12
H
22
O
11
(saccaroz), CH
3
COOH,
Ca(OH)
2
, CH
3
COONH
4
. S cht in li l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 2.
# p n B.
i vi cu hi loi ny c th lm theo kiu lit k hoc loi tr, y ta loi tr saccaroz v
ru etylic.
Cu hi ny kh d, lm trong 5-10s
Cu 16 : Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
(d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
thu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm bay hi
dung dch X l
# p n B.
n
Mg
= 0,09 mol

n
e(cho)
= 0,18 mol (nhm)
n
NO
= 0,04 mol n
e(nhn)
= 0,12 mol (nhm)
n
e(cho)
> n
e(nhn)

Trong dung dch c to thnh NH
4
NO
3

n(NH
4
NO
3
) = (0,18 0,12)/8 mol
m
mui khan
= m(Mg(NO
3
)
2
) + m(NH
4
NO
3
)
= (24 + 62*2)*0,09 + 80*(0,18 0,12)/8 = 13,92 gam.
bi tp ny, c mt s kin cho rng NH
4
NO
3
khng sinh ra trong HNO
3
d, iu ny l
khng ng, th oxh kh ca HNO
3
ph thuc vo nng ch khng ph thuc vo lng cht.
HNO
3
d nhng nng rt thp (long) th vn c th to thnh NH
4
NO
3
.
y l mt bi tp kh hay, c tnh phn loi. Nu hc sinh quen vi vic dng phng php
bo ton e trong cc bi ton c phn ng oxh kh th s khng gp nhiu kh khn lm khi pht hin
ra mu thun, mc d vn c th hi lng tng khi suy lun ra s c mt ca NH
4
NO
3
, cn nu hc
sinh cu th th rt d b mt im cu ny.
Phng n 13,32 l c tnh nhiu cao nht khi hc sinh ch tnh khi lng ca Mg(NO
3
)
2
.
Phng n 8,88 l trong trng hp ch tnh khi lng Mg(NO
3
)
2
m s mol tnh da vo NO
....

Mc d vy, c nhn ti cho rng, cc phng n ny u khng qu nhiu, t c hc sinh no
tnh khi lng mui t d kin s mol Mg m khng bn khon ngi ta cho NO lm g v
ngc li tnh da vo NO m khng bn khon ngi ta cho Mg lm g
Cu 17 : Thnh phn chnh ca qung photphorit l
A. Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
. B. NH
4
H
2
PO
4
. C. Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
. D. CaHPO
4
.
# p n A.
y l mt cu hi thun l thuyt v kh d, lm trong 5s.
Nu hi thnh phn ca supephosphate n v supephosphat kp th s hay hn v kh hn.
Cu 18 : un nng mt ru (ancol) n chc X vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
c trong iu kin nhit
thch hp sinh ra cht hu c Y, t khi hi ca X so vi Y l 1,6428. Cng thc phn t ca Y l
A. C
3
H
8
O. B. C
2
H
6
O. C. CH
4
O. D. C
4
H
8
O.
# p n B.
d(X/Y) = 1,6428 > 1 M
X
> M
Y
phn ng tch nc to anken.
X : C
n
H
2n+2
O Y : C
n
H
2n

6428 , 0
14
18
6428 , 1
14
18 14
= =
+
=
n n
n
d
Y
X

Cu ny vn khng kh nhng bi b nhm mt cch rt ng ngn v ng tic ch
ng l phi hi cng thc phn t ca X l th li hi cng thc phn t ca Y l (!?).
Ch phng php bin i t l thc trn, n c th p dng m rng cho cc bi tp tm
cng thc phn t khc, c trong v c v hu c, v d tm CTPT ca oxit, hp cht vi hidro, CTPT
hidrocacbon v cc cht hu c, ... (xem thm cch bin i cu 36)
Cu 19 : Cho cc phn ng :
Ca(OH)
2
+ Cl
2
CaOCl
2
+ H
2
O 2H
2
S + SO
2
3S + 2H
2
O
2NO
2
+ 2NaOH NaNO
3
+ NaNO
2
+ H
2
O 4KClO
3

0
t
KCl + 3KClO
4
O
3
O
2
+ O
S phn ng oxi ho kh l
A. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
# p n D.
Da vo s thay i s oxi ha ca cc nguyn t, c thay i s oxh

l phn ng oxh kh.
y cn lu , phn ng sau vn c s thay i s oxi ha ca Cl (t oxi ha t kh) :
Ca(OH)
2
+ Cl
2
CaOCl
2
+ H
2
O

y phi xt n cu to ca CaOCl
2
th mi thy c iu ny : Cl
(-1)
-Ca-O-Cl
(+1)
Clorua vi l mt cht kh c bit v d n tng nn ti ngh s khng c nhiu em b sai cu
ny. Cn phn ng phn hy ca Ozone, theo ti l khng nn a vo thi H, v nu hc sinh c
kin thc su hn s d bn khon v mt thi gian cu ny.
Bi ny lm trong 10-15s.
Cu 20 : Cho 8,9 gam mt hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
3
H
7
O
2
N phn ng vi 100 ml
dung dch NaOH 1,5M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c 11,7 gam cht
rn. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. HCOOH
3
NCH=CH
2
. B. H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
COOH.
C. CH
2
=CHCOONH
4
. D. H
2
NCH
2
COOCH
3
.
# p n D.
Da vo p n, ta thy cc cht u phn ng vi NaOH theo t l 1:1.
n
NaOH
phn ng = n
X
= 0,1 mol n
NaOH
d = 0,05 mol hay 2g
p dng phng php tng gim khi lng, ta c: RCOOR RCOONa
m
gim
= 11,7 2- 8,9 = 0,8 g hay M
gim
= 8 gam M
R
= 23-8 = 15 hay l CH
3
p n D
Bi ny c th gii trong 20-30s, cc s liu u c th nhm c.
Cu 21 : Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon vo bnh ng dung dch brom (d). Sau
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c 4 gam brom phn ng v cn li 1,12 lt kh. Nu t chy hon
ton 1,68 lt X th sinh ra 2,8 lt kh CO
2
. Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l (bit cc th tch
kh u o ktc).
A. CH
4
v C
2
H
4
. B. CH
4
v C
3
H
4
. C. CH
4
v C
3
H
6
. D. C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
6
.
# p n C.
k
hirocacbon khng no
= (4/160)/[(1,68 1,12)/22,4] = 1 Loi B.
n
trung bnh
= 2,8/1,68 = 5/3 = 1,67 Loi D.
n
hirocacbon khng no
= (2,8 1,12*1)/0,56 = 3
CTPT ca hai hirocacbon l : CH
4
v C
3
H
6
T l v th tch cng l t l v s mol nn ta tnh ton ngay vi th tch m khng cn chuyn
v s mol, mc d cc s liu th tch y u ktc v d dng chuyn i thnh s mol.
Bi tp ny kh n gin v c trng cho cc bi tp c lin quan n hidrocacbon. Tuy nhin,
cn ch cn thn khi s dng vi cc php tnh lin hon c c cng tr, nhn chia.
Lm trong 20 30s.
Cu 22 : Axit cacboxylic no, mch h X c cng thc thc nghim (C
3
H
4
O
3
)
n
, vy cng thc phn t
ca X l

A. C
6
H
8
O
6
. B. C
3
H
4
O
3
. C. C
12
H
16
O
12
. D. C
9
H
12
O
9
.
# p n A.
i vi bi tp ny c th lm theo 3 cch:
Cch 1: Da vo cng thc tnh bt bo ha k
Axit cacboxylic no, mch h k =
2
4 2 3 2
2
3 n n +
= n = 2
CTPT ca X l C
6
H
8
O
6
lm cch ny th cc em phi nm rt vng cng thc tnh bt bo ha k.
^^ c thm bi ging bt bo ha k v ng dng trong gii ton trn Blog ca ti bit
thm chi tit v hiu r hn cch xy dng cng thc tnh ny.
Cch 2: Da vo vic xy dng CTPT tng qut.
Axit cacboxylic no, mch h c CTPT tng qut dng: C
x
H
2x+2-k
(COOH)
k
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t, ta c:
=
= +
= +
n k
n x
n k x
3 2
4 2 2
3

=
=
=
3
2
3
k
n
x
Cch lm ny tuy di hn nhng li quen thuc hn vi a s cc em.
Cch 3: Da vo cng thc thc nghim v c im ha hc.
(C
3
H
4
O
3
)
n
l acid CTCT dng:
( )
2
3
2
3
4
2
3
3
n
n
n
n
n
COOH H C

no, mch h
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
5 n n n
+ =
2 = n
Cch lm ny cng kh ph bin, v c bn l tng t nh cch 2, nhng khng phi gii h pt.
Bi ny lm bng cch 1 trong 20-25s.
Cu 23 : Cho cn bng ho hc : N
2
(k) + 3H
2
(k)
2NH
3
(k) ; phn ng thun l phn ng to
nhit. Cn bng ho hc khng b chuyn dch khi
A. thay i p sut ca h. B. thay i nng N
2
.
C. thay i nhit . D. thm cht xc tc Fe.
# p n D.
Cn bng ha hc ch c th b chuyn dch khi thay i cc yu t nng , nhit v p sut.
Cht xc tc ch c vai tr lm tng tc phn ng (thun v nghch) m khng lm cho cn bng
chuyn dch!

y l mt bi kh d, v cc phn ng thng dng hi v cn bng Ha hc rt quen thuc
v c th gii hn c nh: phn ng tng hp NH
3
, tng hp SO
3
, nhit phn CaCO
3
, ....
Cu 24 : Cho 1,9 gam hn hp mui cacbonat v hirocacbonat ca kim loi kim M tc dng ht
vi dung dch HCl (d), sinh ra 0,448 lt kh ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Na. B. K. C. Rb. D. Li.
# p n A.
M
2
CO
3
CO
2
; MHCO
3
CO
2

n
mui
= 0,02 mol M + 61 < 1,9/0,02 = 95 < 2M + 60 17,5 < M < 34 M l Na (23).
y l mt bi tp gii bng phng php bin lun bt phng trnh kh hay nhng cng rt
quen thuc, c th bt gp c trong cc bi tp hu c v v c v th m khng kh.
Hn na, i vi cc bi tp tm kim loi kim kiu ny, th kinh nghim lm bi cho thy trn
90% kt qu tm c l Na hoc K, trong trn 50% l Na. V th, ti hi tht vng, l ra nn i
mi loi b tm l , c th sa i s liu kt qu l Rb th hay hn (ng no th trong thi
cng c ch thch M
Rb
)
Cu 25 : Th tch dung dch HNO
3
67,5% (khi lng ring l 1,5 g/ml) cn dng tc dng vi
xenluloz to thnh 89,1 kg xenluloz trinitrat l (bit lng HNO
3
b hao ht l 20%)
A. 55 lt. B. 81 lt. C. 49 lt. D. 70 lt.
# p n D.
3HNO
3

H = 80%
C
6
H
7
O
2
(NO
3
)
3
V(HNO
3
) = {[3*(89,1/297)/0,08]*63/0,675}/1,5 = 70 lt.
Cu ny nu tnh lin hon trong 1 php tnh nh trn th qu phc tp v d sai st, nn chia
nh thnh cc php tnh.
Cc phng n nhiu cha n, nn thay bng cc gi tr 47,25 ; 56 ; 84 hoc 105.
Cu 26 : Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Cu vo dung dch HCl (d), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh
ra 3,36 lt kh ( ktc). Nu cho m gam hn hp X trn vo mt lng d axit nitric (c, ngui), sau
khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 6,72 lt kh NO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,5. B. 10,5. C. 12,3. D. 15,6.
# p n C.
Cu khng tc dng vi HCl n
Al
= 0,15*2/3 = 0,1 mol (nhm)
Al khng tc dng vi HNO
3
c ngui n
Cu
= 0,3/2 = 0,15 mol (nhm)
m = 27*0,1 + 64*0,15 = 12,3 gam.

C th c kin cho rng c th Al s tc dng vi Cu
2+
nhng trong trng hp ny iu
khng xy ra, v Al b th ng ha trong HNO
3
c ngui v tr nn bn vng ri.
Bi ny kh n gin, c th lm trong 20-30s.
Cu 27 : Hp cht hu c no, a chc X c cng thc phn t C
7
H
12
O
4
. Cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va
vi 100 gam dung dch NaOH 8% thu c cht hu c Y v 17,8 gam hn hp mui. Cng thc
cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH
3
OOC-(CH
2
)
2
-COOC
2
H
5
. B. CH
3
COO-(CH
2
)
2
-COOC
2
H
5
.
C. CH
3
COO-(CH
2
)
2
-OOCC
2
H
5
. D. CH
3
OOC-CH
2
-COO-C
3
H
7
.
# p n C.
Do sinh ra hn hp mui Loi A, D n(Y) = 0,1 mol.
Cch 1: Phng php bo ton khi lng
M
Y
= [(16 + 8) 17,8]/0,1 = 62 Y l HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH.
(Nn tnh nhm mt s gi tr, thay v thc hin php tnh lin hon :
M
Y
= [(160*0,1 + 100*8%) 17,8]/0,1 = 62 s rt d mc sai st)
Cch 2: Phng php tng gim khi lng
m
tng
= 17,8 16 = 1,8g (nhm) M
tng
= 1,8/0,1 = 18 (nhm) M
gc ru
= 23*2 18 = 28
-CH
2
-CH
2
-
X l CH
3
COO-(CH
2
)
2
-OOCC
2
H
5
.
Hai cch lm thc ra c cng bn cht (xem thm nhn xt cu 29), phng php tng gim
khi lng l mt kt qu c rt ra t phng php bo ton khi lng.
*
V cc phng php gii ton Ha hc v mi quan h ca chng, cc bn c th tm c li qua ni dung ca lp
hc K nng, kinh nghim v phng php gii nhanh bi thi trc nghim Ha hc ca ti.
Vi cch lm nh trn, bi ton ny c th gii quyt trong 20 - 40s.
y, d kin no l hon ton tha.
Cu 28 : Trn 100 ml dung dch c pH = 1 gm HCl v HNO
3
vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH nng
a (mol/l) thu c 200 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Gi tr ca a l (bit trong mi dung dch [H
+
][OH
]
= 10
14
)
A. 0,15. B. 0,30. C. 0,03. D. 0,12.
# p n D.
pH = 12 pOH = 2 [OH

d] = (0,1a 0,1*0,1)/0,2 = 0,01 a = 0,12.
Ch : t iu kin [H
+
][OH
] = 10
14
pH + pOH = 14.
y l mt bi ton dung dch quen thuc, tng i d, lm trong 15-20s

Cu 29 : Cho 3,6 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung dch gm
KOH 0,12M v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dung dch thu c 8,28 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng
thc phn t ca X l
A. C
2
H
5
COOH. B. CH
3
COOH. C. HCOOH. D. C
3
H
7
COOH.
# p n B.
X tc dng hon ton X ht (KOH v NaOH c th d)
Cch 1: Phng php bo ton khi lng
3,6 + 0,06(56 + 40) = 8,28 + (3,6/X)*18 X = 60 X l CH
3
COOH.
Cch 2: Phng php tng - gim khi lng
m
tng
= 3,6 + 0,06(56 + 40) 8,28 = 1,08g 0,09 mol H
2
O (nhm) M
acid
= 3,6/0,9 = 60
(nhm) X l CH
3
COOH.
Thc ra 2 cch lm c cng bn cht v tng ng nhau, ty vo k nng v phng php
ca mi th sinh m la chn cch lm no cho n gin v thun li trong tnh ton.
Mc d tng ca bi ton l kh hay khi p th sinh phi dng n phng php bo ton
khi lng hoc tng gim khi lng mi c th tm c p n ng, cc p n nhiu ca bi
tp ny vn cn kh cu th v mang nng tnh hnh thc, nu hc sinh vn dng kinh nghim s
mol trn th cng c th tm ra p n l B. D kin axit cacboxylic no l tha, nn sa li
bi l axit cacboxylic n chc v thm vo p n C
2
H
3
COOH th s hay hn rt nhiu, v khi
3,6g cng l 0,05 mol C
2
H
3
COOH rt trn v s c tnh cht nhiu cao hn.
Cu 30 : Cht phn ng vi dung dch FeCl
3
cho kt ta l
A. CH
3
NH
2
. B. CH
3
COOCH
3
. C. CH
3
OH. D. CH
3
COOH.
# p n A.
CH
3
NH
2
+ H
2
O
CH
3
NH
3
+
+ OH
; Fe
3+
+ 3OH
Fe(OH)
3

Cu 31 : Cho cc phn ng sau :
H
2
S + O
2
(d)
0
t
Kh X + H
2
O
NH
3
+ O
2

0
850 C, Pt
Kh Y + H
2
O
NH
4
HCO
3
+ HCl long Kh Z + NH
4
Cl + H
2
O
Cc kh X, Y, Z thu c ln lt l
A. SO
3
, NO, NH
3
. B. SO
2
, N
2
, NH
3
. C. SO
2
, NO, CO
2
. D. SO
3
, N
2
, CO
2
.
# p n C.
H
2
S + O
2
(d)
0
t
SO
2
+ H
2
O
NH
3
+ O
2

0
850 C, Pt
NO + H
2
O

NH
4
HCO
3
+ HCl long CO
2
+ NH
4
Cl + H
2
O
(Cc ptp khng cn vit ra m ch hnh dung trong u)
Ch iu kin trong 2 phn ng u: phn ng (1) c O
2
d, phn ng (2) c xc tc Pt v
850*C, d sao y cng u l cc phn ng qu quen thuc trong chng trnh lp 10 v 11.
Bi ny c th lm trong 5-10s.
Cc p n c SO
3
hoc NH
3
l qu th, hc sinh d dng loi tr v tm ra p n ng!
Nn thay bng cc t hp (S, NO, CO
2
) hoc (S, N
2
, CO
2
) hoc (SO
2
, N
2
, CO
2
).
Cu 32 : Nhit phn hon ton 40 gam mt loi qung lmit c ln tp cht tr sinh ra 8,96 lt kh
CO
2
( ktc). Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca CaCO
3
.MgCO
3
trong loi qung nu trn l
A. 40%. B. 50%. C. 84%. D. 92%.
# p n D.
Qung lmit l CaCO
3
.MgCO
3

MCO
3
CO
2
(ci ny nhm trong u) nMCO
3
= nCO
2
= 0,04 mol (nhm)
%m(CaCO
3
.MgCO
3
) = {[(100 + 84)*0,02]/40}*100% = 92%.
y l mt cu hi rt d, v th m cc phng n nhiu khng c nhiu ngha.
HBr + C
2
H
5
OH
0
t
C
2
H
4
+ Br
2

C
2
H
4
+ HBr C
2
H
6
+ Br
2

askt (1:1mol )

S phn ng to ra C
2
H
5
Br l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
# p n B.
HBr + C
2
H
5
OH
0
t
C
2
H
5
Br + H
2
O
C
2
H
4
+ Br
2
C
2
H
4
Br
2
C
2
H
4
+ HBr C
2
H
5
Br C
2
H
6
+ Br
2

askt (1:1mol )
C
2
H
5
Br + HBr
(Thc ra khng cn vit ptp m ch cn hnh dung trong u l c)
Bi ny khng kh, lm trong 10-15s
Cu 34 : Tin hnh hai th nghim sau :
- Th nghim 1 : Cho m gam bt Fe (d) vo V
1
lt dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M;
- Th nghim 2 : Cho m gam bt Fe (d) vo V
2
lt dung dch AgNO
3
0,1M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng cht rn thu c hai th nghim u bng nhau.
Gi tr ca V
1
so vi V
2
l
A. V
1
= V
2
. B. V
1
= 10V
2
. C. V
1
= 5V
2
. D. V
1
= 2V
2
.

# p n A.
Khi lng cht rn hai th nghim bng nhau V
1
(64 56) = 0,1*V
2
(108 56*0,5)
V
1
= V
2
(nhm)
y l mt bi ton tng gim khi lng in hnh. Cn ch t l mol ca phn ng Fe vi
AgNO
3
l 1:2, do c th thay th phng n nhiu bng : V
1
= 0,65V
2
, l trong trng hp th
sinh qun mt iu ny, m xem t l l 1:1.
Cu 35 : Polime c cu trc mng khng gian (mng li) l
A. PE. B.amilopectin . C. PVC. D. nha bakelit.
# p n D.
lm c cu ny cn phi nh v nm vng cu trc phn t ca cc polime..
Tuy nhin cu ny kh d v kh quen thuc, lm trong 5-10s..
Cu 36 : Cng thc phn t ca hp cht kh to bi nguyn t R v hiro l RH
3
. Trong oxit m R
c ho tr cao nht th oxi chim 74,07% v khi lng. Nguyn t R l
A. S. B. As. C. N. D. P.
# p n C.
i vi mt nguyn t th: Ha tr cao nht vi H + Ha tr cao nht vi O = 8.
Oxit c dng : R
2
O
5

96 , 25
04 , 74
2
80
100
07 , 74
% 100
5 16 2
5 16
= =
+
R R
R = 14 R l N
Bi tp ny rt quen thuc, cc thy c vn thng dy cc em thi chuyn, thi HSG lp 9 v cho
cc em lp 10 trong ni dung ca chng H thng tun hon cc nguyn t Ha hc.
Bin i t l thc trong bi l 1 tnh cht ca Ton hc. (xem thm cch bin i cu 18)
Cu 37 : nh hng ca nhm -OH n gc C
6
H
5
- trong phn t phenol th hin qua phn ng gia
phenol vi
A. dung dch NaOH. B. Na kim loi. C. nc Br
2
. D. H
2
(Ni, t
o
)
# p n C.
C
6
H
5
OH + Br
2
2,4,6-tribromphenol
phn ng xy ra ngay ra trong dung dch, nhit thng, khng cn xc tc, theo t l 1:3 (d
hn nhiu so vi benzen : brom khan, nhit cao, xc tc l bt Fe (^^ chnh xc hn l FeBr
3
)).
Cu ny kh hay, nu khng cn thn th s c nhiu bn chn nhm p n A, v p n A l
ngc li, nh hng ca gc C
6
H
5
- n nhm OH.

Cu 38 : Hirocacbon mch h X trong phn t ch cha lin kt v c hai nguyn t cacbon bc
ba trong mt phn t. t chy hon ton 1 th tch X sinh ra 6 th tch CO
2
( cng iu kin nhit
, p sut). Khi cho X tc dng vi Cl
2
(theo t l s mol 1 : 1), s dn xut monoclo ti a sinh ra l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 5.
# p n C.
X 6CO
2
X c 6C.
X mch h, ch cha lin kt X l ankan: C
6
H
14
.
X c 2 nguyn t C bc ba X l : 2,3-imetylbutan.
Cho X tc dng vi Cl
2
(t l mol 1:1) ch sinh ra ti a 2 dn xut monoclo :
C C
C
C
C
C

y cn quan tm n tnh i xng ca phn t v s dng phng php m nhanh s
lng ng phn trn mch C ( y c 1 trc i xng chnh v 2 trc i xng ph)
(xem thm p n chi tit mn Ha khi A nm 2008 ca Sao bng lnh gi).
Bi ny c th xem l kh hay, lm trong 10-15s.
Cu 39 : X phng ho hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06 mol NaOH. C cn dung dch
sau phn ng thu c khi lng x phng l
# p n A.
Phn ng : (RCOO)
3
C
3
H
5
+ 3NaOH 3RCOONa + C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
(nhm trong u)
Theo bo ton khi lng : m(x phng) = m(cht bo) + m(NaOH) m(glixerol)
m(x phng) = 17,24 + 40*0,06 92*0,06/3 = 17,80 gam. (cc gi tr 40, 92 v 0,02 l nhm
c)
Cu ny khng kh, lm trong 30-40s
Cu 40 : Cho dy cc cht : C
2
H
2
, HCHO, HCOOH, CH
3
CHO, (CH
3
)
2
CO, C
12
H
22
O
11
(mantoz). S
cht trong dy tham gia c phn ng trng gng l
A. 3. B. 6. C. 5. D. 4.
# p n D.
Cc cht tham gia phn ng trng gng : HCHO, HCOOH, CH
3
CHO v C
12
H
22
O
11
.

Lu l trong s cc disaccarit c hc trong chng trnh th ch c mantoz l c tham gia
phn ng trng gng. Ngoi ra, C
2
H
2
c phn ng vi AgNO
3
/NH
3
to kt ta nhng khng phi l
phn ng trng gng. (kt ta Ag
2
C
2
c mu vng cn lp bc Ag c to ra t phn ng trng
gng c v sng nh kim ca kim loi).
Bi ny kh d nu kin thc cc em vng vng, ta va c va nh du v m, ch cn
khong 10s.
Cu 41 : Cho 0,1 mol P
2
O
5
vo dung dch cha 0,35 mol KOH. Dung dch thu c c cc cht
A. K
3
PO
4
, K
2
HPO
4
. B.K
2
HPO
4
, KH
2
PO
4
. C. K
3
PO
4
, KOH. D. H
3
PO
4
, KH
2
PO
4
.
# p n B.
P
2
O
5
2H
3
PO
4
Phn tch h s ca nguyn t trong CTPT, ta c t l:
2 75 , 1
2 1 , 0
35 , 0
1 < =
= <
P
K
n
n

Hai mui l : K
2
HPO
4
, KH
2
PO
4
Bi ny cu hi khng hay v qu n gin, l ra nn cho thm th tch v nng ca dung
dch kt hp hi nng mui hoc khi lng mui, khi ta c th s dng k thut ng
cho tnh nhanh.
Cu 42 : Khi t chy hon ton mt este no, n chc th s mol CO
2
sinh ra bng s mol O
2

phn ng. Tn gi ca este l
A. metyl fomiat. B. etyl axetat. C. n-propyl axetat. D. metyl axetat.
# p n A.
Este no, n chc (mch h) C
n
H
2n
O
2

Phn ng chy : C
n
H
2n
O
2
+ (3n 2)/2O
2
nCO
2
+ nH
2
O
nCO
2
= nO
2
(3n 2)/2 = n n = 2 Este l C
2
H
4
O
2
hay HCOOCH
3
(metyl fomiat).
y l mt dng bi tp thng thng kh ph bin v khng kh.
Cu 43 : Cho cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
2
H
8
O
3
N
2
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c
cht hu c n chc Y v cc cht v c. Khi lng phn t (theo vC) ca Y l
A. 85. B. 68. C. 45. D. 46.
# p n C.
X + NaOH cht hu c Y v cc cht v c
X l CH
3
CH
2
NH
3
NO
3

Phn ng : CH
3
CH
2
NH
3
NO
3
+ NaOH CH
3
CH
2
NH
2
+ NaNO
3
+ H
2
O

Y l CH
3
CH
2
NH
2
(M = 45 vC).
y l mt cu hi tng i kh v chc s khin nhiu bn s lng tng trong vic xc nh CTCT ca X. C nhiu
cch tm ra CTPT ca X, thm ch nu l ngi c kinh nghim th khng cn phi suy ngh nhiu, y ti xin trnh by v
d mt li suy ngh nh sau:
X c cha N v 3O m X li tc dng vi NaOH sinh ra sn phm hu c X l mt este, hoc mt mui
amoni hu c.
V bt bo ha k = 0 X khng th l mt este X l mui amoni hu c.

Nu X l mui amoni ca amin vi acid hu c khi tc dng vi NaOH khng th ch c 1 sn phm hu
c phi l mui ca NH

3
vi acid hu c hoc amin hu c vi acid v c.
V X cha 2N v 3O m Y l n chc CTPT ca X l CH
3
CH
2
NH
3
NO
3
(mui ca amin CH
3
CH
2
NH
2
vi
HNO
3
)
y l mt bi tp i hi phi t duy logic v c kin thc tng hp tt, c tnh phn loi th
sinh cao.
Lm trong 20-30s.
Cu 44 : Hn hp rn X gm Al, Fe
2
O
3
v Cu c s mol bng nhau. Hn hp X tan hon ton trong
dung dch
A. NaOH (d). B. HCl (d). C. AgNO
3
(d). D. NH
3
(d).
# p n B.
Cch t duy rt n gin: ta thy Fe
2
O
3
l mt oxit base khng c tnh lng tnh ch c th
tan c trong acid p n B.
i vi bi tp ny, ch cn ch Cu tan trong Fe

3+
l lm c, ti ngh y l mt phn ng
rt c trng trong dy in ha nn s khng kh cho cc em tr li.
D kin s mol cc cht bng nhau ch cho cu hi thm cht ch (Cu v Fe
3+
tc dng va
), cn i vi th sinh th khng cn phi quan tm n d kin ny cng c th tm ra p n ng.
V ch c p n B mi c th tha mn yu cu.
C th b qua d kin c s mol bng nhau m vn m bo tnh chnh xc ca cu hi bng
cch thay i cm t hn hp X tan hon ton bng hn hp X c th tan hon ton)
(Nu xt ring tng p n th:
NaOH ch ha tan c Al.
AgNO
3
d ch ha tan c Al v Cu.
NH
3
khng ha tan c cht no.
Vi HCl : Al tan, Fe
2
O
3
tan, Cu tan trong Fe
3+
(va ))

PHN RING ------ Th sinh ch c lm 1 trong 2 phn : Phn I hoc Phn II -------

Phn I. Theo chng trnh KHNG phn ban (6 cu, t cu 45 n cu 50)
Cu 45 : Cho dy cc cht: CH
4
, C
2
H
2
, C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
2
=CH-COOH, C
6
H
5
NH
2
(anilin), C
6
H
5
OH
(phenol), C
6
H
6
(benzen). S cht trong dy phn ng c vi nc brom l
A. 6. B. 8. C. 7. D. 5.
# p n D.
Tr CH
4
, C
6
H
6
(benzen) v C
2
H
5
OH. i vi bi tp ny, ta cng c v nh du cc cht c
tc dng (hoc khng tc dng) ri m.
Lm trong 10-15s.
Cu 46 : Th tch dung dch HNO
3
1M (long) t nht cn dng ho tan hon ton mt hn hp
gm 0,15 mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu l (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht l NO)
A. 1,0 lt. B. 0,6 lt. C. 0,8 lt. D. 1,2 lt.
# p n C.
Th tch dung dch HNO
3
l t nht dung dch gm Fe
2+
v Cu
2+

(do Cu (v Fe d, nu c) v Fe
3+
tc dng va ht vi nhau).
Bo ton e : n
e cho
= 0,6 mol = n
e nhn
n
NO
= 0,2 mol
Ta c th nh t l : nHNO
3
= 4nNO = 0,8 mol V(HNO
3
) = 0,8 lt.
y l bi tp kh hay nhng khng kh v n cng kh quen thuc, i vi nhng bn c k
nng, rn luyn tch cc v c kinh nghim th ch cn 20-25s, tt c cc s liu trong p n u c
th nhm c.
(1) O
3
+ dung dch KI (2) F
2
+ H
2
O
0
t

(3) MnO
2
+ HCl c
0
t
(4) Cl
2
+ dung dch H
2
S
Cc phn ng to ra n cht l
A. (1), (2), (3). B. (1), (3), (4). C. (2), (3), (4). D. (1), (2), (4).
# p n A.
O
3
+ KI + H
2
O KOH + I
2
+ O
2

F
2
+ H
2
O
0
t
HF + O
2

MnO
2
+ HCl c
0
t
MnCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ H
2
O
Cl
2
+ H
2
S + H
2
O HCl + H
2
SO
4
Bi tp ny khng qu kh, ch cn nm vng tnh cht ha hc ca cc nguyn t nhm
Halogen v Oxi nhng ni dung quan trng trong chng trnh lp 10 v thng c trong thi
H. Cc phn ng trn u l nhng trng tm m cc thy c gio phi nhn mnh trong qu trnh
dy hc: phn ng (1) l phn ng chng minh tnh oxh ca O
3
mnh hn O
2
, phn ng (2) phn nh
tnh oxh mnh lit ca F
2
(t chy H
2
O), phn ng (3) qu quen thuc iu ch Cl
2
trong phng th
nghim v phn ng (4) cng rt quen thuc, phn nh tnh oxh ca Cl
2
trong nc.

Lm trong 5-10s
Cu 48 : t chy hon ton 1 lt hn hp kh gm C
2
H
2
v hirocacbon X sinh ra 2 lt kh CO
2
v 2
lt hi H
2
O (cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
2
H
6
. B. C
2
H
4
. C. CH
4
. D. C
3
H
8
.
# p n A.
S nguyn t C trung bnh = 2 X c 2C.
Do : V(CO
2
) = V(H
2
O) X l ankan: C
2
H
6
.
Bi ny c nhng bin lun logic kh c trng cho bi tp v phn ng t chy cht hu c, v
vy nn kh quen thuc v khng qu kh, lm trong 10-15s.
Cu 49 : Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z l ng ng k tip, khi lng phn t ca Z bng 2 ln khi
lng phn t ca X. Cc cht X, Y, Z thuc dy ng ng
A. ankan. B. ankaien. C. anken. D. ankin.
# p n C.
y l mt bi tp qu quen thuc m gn nh ti liu tham kho no c ni dung lin quan u
c, l ra nhng cu hi th ny khng nn a vo thi H.
Gi X l C
a
H
b
Z l C
a
H
b
(C
2
H
4
) = 2X X l C
2
H
4
Cc cht X, Y, Z thuc dy ng ng anken.
i vi cc bi tp d th ny th vic s dng phng n nhiu nhiu khi ch l hnh thc v
khng cn thc, tuy nhin, cng c th b sung thm phng n xicloankan mc nhiu s cao
hn mt cht.
Lm trong 10-15s.
Cu 50 : Tin hnh bn th nghim sau :
- Th nghim 1 : Nhng thanh Fe vo dung dch FeCl
3
;
- Th nghim 2 : Nhng thanh Fe vo dung dch CuSO
4
;
- Th nghim 3 : Nhng thanh Cu vo dung dch FeCl
3
;
- Th nghim 4 : Cho thanh Fe tip xc vi thanh Cu ri nhng vo dung dch HCl
S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3.
# p n B.
Ch c cc th nghim 2 v 4 xut hin n mn in ha.
Cu hi ny cng kh d v quen thuc, ch cn 5-10s.
Phn II. Theo chng trnh phn ban (6 cu, t cu 51 n cu 56)

Cu 51 : Mui (phenyliazoni clorua) c sinh ra khi cho C
6 5 2
C H N Cl
+
6
H
5
-NH
2
(anilin) tc dng
vi NaNO
2
trong dung dch HCl nhit thp (0-5
0
C). iu ch c 14,05 gam
6 5 2
C H N Cl
+

(vi hiu sut 100%), lng C
6
H
5
-NH
2
v NaNO
2
cn dng va l
A. 0,1 mol v 0,4 mol. B. 0,1 mol v 0,2 mol.
C. 0,1 mol v 0,1 mol. D. 0,1 mol v 0,3 mol.
# p n C.
Phn ng : C
6
H
5
NH
2
+ NaNO
2
+ HCl
6 5 2
C H N Cl
+
+ 2H
2
O
Loi A, B, D Duy ch c C ng !
Phng n nhiu ca bi tp ny hi ty tin, nhng do c th ca cu hi nn c th chp
nhn c, cn phi nh phn ng mi lm c, 10 15s.
Cu 52 : Cho cc dung dch : HCl, NaOH c, NH
3
, KCl. S dung dch phn ng c vi Cu(OH)
2

l
A. 1. B. 3. C. 2. D. 4.
# p n B.
Cc dung dch phn ng c vi Cu(OH)
2
l : HCl, NaOH c v NH
3
.
Vn lng tnh ca Cu(OH)
2
l mt vn nhy cm cn nhiu tranh ci. Theo ti, khng
nn a vn ny vo trong thi.
Cu 53 : Hi thu ngn rt c, bi vy khi lm v nhit k thu ngn th cht bt c dng rc
ln thu ngn ri gom li l
A. vi sng. B. ct. C. mui n. D. lu hunh.
# p n D.
Cu hi ny khng kh. y l tnh cht c bit ca Hg rt d nh ( hc trong bi S v
mi hc trong bi Ha hc v vn mi trng).
Bi ny ch cn 5s.
Cu 54 : Ba cht hu c mch h X, Y, Z c cng cng thc phn t C
3
H
6
O v c cc tnh cht : X,
Z u phn ng vi nc brom; X, Y, Z u phn ng vi H
2
nhng ch c Z khng b thay i nhm
chc; cht Y ch tc dng vi brom khi c mt CH
3
COOH. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l
A. C
2
H
5
CHO, CH
2
=CH-O-CH
3
, (CH
3
)
2
CO. B.(CH
3
)
2
CO, C
2
H
5
CHO, CH
2
=CH-CH
2
OH.
C.C
2
H
5
CHO, (CH
3
)
2
CO, CH
2
=CH-CH
2
OH. D.CH
2
=CH-CH
2
OH, C
2
H
5
CHO, (CH
3
)
2
CO.
# p n C.
Nu bin lun mt cch y v tun t th:
X tc dng vi nc brom Loi B.
Cht Y ch tc dng vi brom khi c mt CH
3
COOH Y c nhm cacbonyl Loi A.

Ch Z khng b thay i nhm chc Z ch c lin kt mch C Loi D.
X, Y, Z ln lt l : C
2
H
5
CHO, (CH
3
)
2
CO, CH
2
=CH-CH
2
OH.
Tuy nhin, cng c mt cch bin lun rt thng minh nh sau:
Cht Y ch tc dng vi brom khi c mt CH
3
COOH Y khng th l ete hay Aldehyde

phi l p n C

y s l mt cu hi kh nu c bin lun tun t v y nh cch lm th nht, trong c
iu kin xy ra phn ng th Brom ca xeton l iu m rt t th sinh quan tm.
Nhng nu bin lun nh cch lm th 2, th ta thy bi ton tr nn rt n gin v d dng
chn c p n ng m khng cn quan tm n cc d kin khc (^^ nu quan tm th cng c
th th li d dng v cho kt qu ok)
Vi cch bin lun th 2, bi ny ch cn lm trong 10-15s.
Cu 55 : Cho sut in ng chun E
0
ca cc pin in ho : E
0
(Cu-X) = 0,46V, E
0
(Y-Cu) = 1,1V;
E
0
(Z-Cu) = 0,47V (X, Y, Z l ba kim loi). Dy cc kim loi xp theo chiu tng dn tnh kh t tri
sang phi l
A. Z, Y, Cu, X. B. X, Cu, Z, Y. C. Y, Z, Cu, X. D. X, Cu, Y, Z.
# p n B.
E
0
(Y-Cu) = 1,1V > 0 v E
0
(Cu-X) = 0,46V > 0 Tnh kh ca X < Cu < Y.
E
0
(Y-Cu) = 1,1V > E
0
(Z-Cu) = 0,47V > 0 Tnh kh ca Y > Z > Cu.
Tnh cht bc cu: tnh kh tng dn theo chiu X, Cu, Z, Y
lm cu ny cn nm vng khi nim v cch tnh sut in ng chun cng nh kin
thc v Dy th in ha ca kim loi, lm trong 20-25s.
Mt s tnh cht nh: m hn l m (cc), cng m cng kh, ....
Cu 56 : Cho mt lng bt Zn vo dung dch X gm FeCl
2
v CuCl
2
. Khi lng cht rn sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton nh hn khi lng bt Zn ban u l 0,5 gam. C cn phn dung dch
sau phn ng thu c 13,6 gam mui khan. Tng khi lng cc mui trong X l
# p n A.
Theo bo ton khi lng, khi lng cht rn gim = khi lng mui tng.
m(X) = 13,6 0,5 = 13,1 gam.
Cu ny khng kh, lm trong 15-20s.

Qua vic gii nhanh cc bi tp trong thi tuyn sinh H C khi B nm 2008 mn Ha, ta
rt ra mt s nhn xt nh sau:

1, thi nm nay v c bn l tng ng vi thi H nm ngoi (2007) tuy nhin cc em
hc sinh cng nh gio vin lm quen tt hn vi hnh thc thi trc nghim cng nh cc dng bi
tp thi trc nghim c th ri vo thi nn c s chun b tt hn. thi cng cha c thm nhiu
cu hi mi, dng bi mi c tng hay v c o, nhiu phng php mi c th cho ra nhng
bi tp rt hay nh Phn tch h s v ng dng cn cha c khai thc trong thi, cc cu hi
hay vn ch xoay quanh Phng php bo ton khi lng, tng gim khi lng v bo ton
electron. y l mt im hn ch ln ca thi, v do ti tin tng v hy vng rng ph im
chung ca nm nay vn kh quan hn nm ngoi.
2, T l kin thc lp 12 tip tc chim u th v gi vai tr ch o trong thi H vi
khong 80 - 85% cu hi cho cc ni dung lin quan (t l ny c phn cao hn so vi cc nm
trc, k c nm 2007). Tuy nhin, Ha hc v Ton hc khng ging nh Vt l hay Sinh hc, kin
thc thi mn Ha mang tnh lin tc, i hi th sinh vn phi nm vng nhng nguyn l, nhng
nh lut v nhng phng php t duy Ha hc ct li c tch ly t lp 10, lp 11. an xen vo
mi cu hi ta vn thy mt s thng nht, s lin tc v kin thc.
3, Nu so snh vi thi khi A, th thi mn Ha ca khi B nm nay hay hn v mt
tng, ng thi cng c mc phn loi th sinh cao hn, th sinh phi c kin thc Ha hc v t
duy logic tng i mnh th mi c th vn dng tt chin thut chn ngu nhin mt cch c hiu
qu. Mc d vy, trong thi vn bc l nhiu im yu trong suy ngh, nhn thc ca ngi ra
ng thi vi l s cu th, ty tin trong vic a ra phng n nhiu (ti s c bi vit phn
tch c th nhng yu km v 2 thi ny sau) nu tnh to, th sinh hon ton c th vt qua d
dng nhng phng n nhiu. Sai st do li nh my cu hi v phn ng tch nc to ete
ca ru l mt li kh c th chp nhn c trong mt vn bn quan trng nh thi H, li sai
ny c th bin thi khi B nm nay tr thnh thi t nht trong s cc thi H k t thi im
thi 3 chung.
4, gii nhanh c mt bi ton m rng hn l mt thi Ha hc, i hi s kt hp
nhun nhuyn v hiu qu 4 yu t: kin thc, k nng, kinh nghim v phng php (ch l ti
xp phng php hng th yu, cui cng), m mi mt yu t u i hi mt qu trnh rn
luyn tch cc v ng hng (nn cn phi c hng dn). Nhng mc thi gian lm bi ti t
ra trong p n l trong iu kin l tng, vi mt hc sinh hi t c 4 yu t trn v trong
iu kin nh vy th mt thi H (d tng c nh gi l kh) cng c th gii quyt c
trong vng 15-20 pht. Tt nhin, tm l thc t trong phng thi s khc v khng c nhiu hc
sinh hi t c 4 yu t trn, song, phi ni nh vy cc em thy v t tin rng vic gii trn
vn thi H trong vng 30 pht khng phi l iu khng th v trong 60-90 pht th l iu
hon ton c th
Hy vng l qua nhng g trnh by trn, cc em th sinh nhng nm sau s t tm ra cho
mnh mt hng t duy ng, mt cch lm bi nhanh v c hiu qu. ng thi, cng c c
nhng thng tin b ch tm ra cho mnh mt phng n n tp ph hp nht nhm nng cao c 4

yu t trn. Nht l khi B GD T gn nh chc chn s phi t b k hoch gp 2 k thi H v
Tt nghip THPT lm mt (ti s c bi vit phn tch nhng bt hp l ca d tho ny sau).
Chc cc em hc tt v thi tt!!!

**********************

GII THI TUYN SINH I HC 2009
Mn thi : HO, khi A M : 825

* Cho bit khi lng nguyn t (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t :
H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35,5;
K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52, Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Ba=137; Pb = 207.

PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH: (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40)
Cu 1 : Cho hn hp gm 1,12 gam Fe v 1,92 gam Cu vo 400 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm H
2
SO
4
0,5M v Na
NO
3
0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht).
Cho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch X th lng kt ta thu c l ln nht. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l
A. 240. B. 120. C. 360. D. 400.
n
H+
=0,4 mol n
NO3
=0,08 mol n
Fe
=0,2 mol n
Cu
=0,3 mol
Fe Fe
3+
+3e Cu Cu
2+
+ 2e
0,02 0,02 0,06 0,03 0,03 0,06 Tng s mol e nhng = 0,12 mol
NO
3
-
+3e+4H
+
NO+2H
2
O
0,08 0,24 n
e nhn
>n
e nhng
nn Fe tan ht
0,04 0,12 0,16 n
H+ d
=0,4-0,16=0,24 mol
Trung ho X
Tng s mol OH
-
=3n
Fe3+
+2n
Cu2+
+n
OH-
=0,06+0,06+0,24=0,36 mol
S mol NaOH=0,36 lt=360 ml
p n C
Cu 2 : X phng ha hon ton 66,6 gam hn hp hai este HCOOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOCH
3
bng dung dch NaOH,
thu c hn hp X gm hai ancol. un nng hn hp X vi H
2
SO
4
c 140
0
C, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton thu c m gam nc. Gi tr ca m l
A. 18,00. B. 8,10. C. 16,20. D. 4,05.
HCOOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOCH
3
cng ng phn C
3
H
6
O
2
Tng s mol hai cht = 66,6:74=0,9 (mol)
RCOOR+ NaOH RCOONa + ROH 2ROH R
2
O + H
2
O
0,9 0,9 (mol) 0,9 0,45 (mol)
Khi lng nc = 0,45 . 18 =8,1(gam)
p n B
Cu 3: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng ha hc?
A. Cho Fe vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, ngui. B. Sc kh Cl
2
vo dung dch FeCl
2
.
C. Sc kh H
2
S vo dung dch CuCl
2
. D. Sc kh H
2
S vo dung dch FeCl
2
.
H
2
S khng phn ng vi FeCl
2

p n D
Cu 4: Cho cc hp kim sau: Cu-Fe (I); Zn Fe (II); Fe-C (III); Sn-Fe (IV). Khi tip xc vi dung dch cht in li
th cc hp kim m trong Fe u b n mn trc l:
A. I, II v III. B. I, II v IV. C. I, III v IV. D. II, III v IV.
Tnh kh Fe>Cu(I), Zn>Fe(II), Fe>C(III), Fe>Sn(IV)
Fe b n mn I, III, IV
p n C
Cu 5: Cho hn hp kh X gm HCHO v H
2
i qua ng s ng bt Ni nung nng. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c hn hp kh Y gm hai cht hu c. t chy ht Y th thu c 11,7 gam H
2
O v 7,84 lt kh CO
2

( ktc). Phn trm theo th tch ca H
2
trong X l
A. 65,00%. B. 46,15%. C. 35,00% D. 53,85%.
S mol HCHO=s mol CO
2
=0,35 (mol)
HCHOH
2
O
0,35 0,35 (mol) Suy ra s mol H
2
=(11,7:18)-0,35=0,3(mol)
% th tch H
2
=(0,3:0,65).100%=46,15%
p n B
Cu 6: Cho bn hn hp, mi hn hp gm hai cht rn c s mol bng nhau: Na
2
O v Al
2
O
3
; Cu v FeCl
3
; BaCl
2

v CuSO
4
; Ba v NaHCO
3
. S hn hp c th tan hon ton trong nc (d) ch to ra dung dch l
A. 4. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3.

Ch to ra mt dung dch l:
p n C
Cu 7: Hn hp kh X gm anken M v ankin N c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t. Hn hp X c khi
lng 12,4 gam v th tch 6,72 lt ( ktc). S mol, cng thc phn t ca M v N ln lt l
A. 0,1 mol C
2
H
4
v 0,2 mol C
2
H
2
. B. 0,1 mol C
3
H
6
v 0,2 mol C
3
H
4
.
C. 0,2 mol C
2
H
4
v 0,1 mol C
2
H
2
. D. 0,2 mol C
3
H
6
v 0,1 mol C
3
H
4
.
Phng php th
m=0,2.42+0,1.40=12,4(g)
p n D
Cu 8: X phng ha hon ton 1,99 gam hn hp hai este bng dung dch NaOH thu c 2,05 gam mui ca mt
axit cacboxylic v 0,94 gam hn hp hai ancol l ng ng k tip nhau. Cng thc ca hai este l
A. HCOOCH
3
v HCOOC
2
H
5
. B. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
v C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
5
.
C. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOC
3
H
7
. D. CH
3
COOCH
3
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
.
p dng bo ton khi lng
m
NaOH
=0,94+2,05-1,99=1(g) n
NaOH
=0,025(mol)
M=1,99:0,025=79,6
p n D
Cu 9: Cho 1 mol amino axit X phn ng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c m
1
gam mui Y. Cng 1 mol amino
axit X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c m
2
gam mui Z. Bit m
2
m
1
=7,5. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
4
H
10
O
2
N
2
. B. C
5
H
9
O
4
N. C. C
4
H
8
O
4
N
2
. D. C
5
H
11
O
2
N.
t cng thc l
(NH
2
)
x
R(COOH)
y
Ta c phng trnh
22y-36,5x=7,5 Nghim duy nht tho mn x=1, y=2 chn B
p n B
Cu 10: Ha tan ht m gam ZnSO
4
vo nc c dung dch X. Cho 110ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X, thu c a
gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 140 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X th cng thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m
l
A. 20,125. B. 12,375. C. 22,540. D. 17,710.
TNI: Zn
2+
d OH-

ht
Zn
2+
+2OH
-
Zn(OH)
2

0,22 0,11
TNII: Zn
2+
ht OH
-
d ho tan mt phn kt ta
Zn
2+
+2OH
-
Zn(OH)
2

x 2x x
Zn(OH)
2
+2OH
-
[Zn(OH)
-
4
]
x-0,11 2x-0,22
Tng s mol OH
-
=0,28=2x+2x-0,22 suy ra x=0,125
m=0,125.161=20,125(g)
p n A
Cu 11: Hirocacbon X khng lm mt mu dung dch brom nhit thng. Tn gi ca X l
A. etilen. B. xiclopropan. C. xiclohexan D. stiren.
Xiclo hexan khng lm mt mu nc brom k thng
p n C
Cu 12: Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al
2
O
3
nung nng n khi phn ng hon
ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban u l
m
O
=9,1-8,3=0,8(g) n
O
=n
CuO
=0,05(mol)

m
CuO
=0,05.80=4(g)
p n D
Cu 13: un nng hn hp hai ancol n chc, mch h vi H
2
SO
4
c, thu c hn hp gm cc ete. Ly 7,2
gam mt trong cc ete em t chy hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) v 7,2 gam H
2
O. Hai ancol
l
A. CH
3
OH v CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH. B. C
2
H
5
OH v CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH.
C. CH
3
OH v C
3
H
7
OH. D. C
2
H
5
OH v CH
3
OH.
n
CO2
=n
H2O
=0,4 nn c mt ancol cha no
Cng thc ancol l C
n
H
2n+1
OH
Ete : (C
n
H
2n+1
)
2
O 28n+18=7,2: (0,4:n) nn n=1,8 nn chn A

p n A
Cu 14: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl long l
A. AgNO
3
, (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
, CuS. B. Mg(HCO
3
)
2
, HCOONa, CuO.
C. FeS, BaSO
4
, KOH. D. KNO
3
, CaCO
3
, Fe(OH)
3
.
Dy Mg(HCO
3
)
2
, HCOONa, CuO tc dng c vi HCl long
p n B
Cu 15: Cho phng trnh ha hc: Fe
3
O
4
+ HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ N
x
O
y
+ H
2
O
Sau khi cn bng phng php ha hc trn vi h s ca cc cht l nhng s nguyn, ti gin th h s ca
HNO
3
l
A. 46x 18y. B. 45x 18y. C. 13x 9y. D. 23x 9y.
Cn bng
(5x-2y)Fe
3
O
4
+(46x-18y)HNO
3
3(5x-2y)Fe(NO
3
)
3
+N
x
O
y
+(23x-9y)H
2
O
p n A
Cu 16: X phng ha mt hp cht c cng thc phn t C
10
H
14
O
6
trong dung dch NaOH (d), thu c glixerol
v hn hp gm ba mui (khng c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc ca ba mui l:
A. CH
2
=CH-COONa, HCOONa v CHC-COONa.
B. CH
3
-COONa, HCOONa v CH
3
-CH=CH-COONa.
C. HCOONa, CHC-COONa v CH
3
-CH
2
-COONa.
D. CH
2
=CH-COONa, CH
3
-CH
2
-COONa v HCOONa.
C
10
H
14
O
6

Tng k=4 = 3pi(COO)+1pi gc nn chn phng n B hoc D
B CH
3
CH=CHCOONa c ng phn hnh hc nn chn D
p n D
Cu 17: Ln men m gam glucoz vi hiu sut 90%, lng kh CO
2
sinh ra hp th ht vo dung dch nc vi
trong, thu c 10 gam kt ta. Khi lng dung dch sau phn ng gim 3,4 gam so vi khi lng dung dch
nc vi trong ban u. Gi tr ca m l
A. 13,5. B. 30,0. C. 15,0. D. 20,0.
Khi lng CO
2
=10-3,4=6,6(g)
S : C
6
H
12
O
6
2CO
2

180 88
x 6,6 x=13,5(g) H=90% nn
Khi lng glucoz=(100.13,5):90=15(g)
p n C
Cu 18: Cho hn hp X gm hai ancol a chc, mch h, thuc cng dy ng ng. t chy hon ton hn hp
X, thu c CO
2
v H
2
O c t l mol tng ng l 3 : 4. Hai ancol l
A. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
v C
3
H
6
(OH)
2
. B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
4
H
9
OH.
C. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
v C
4
H
8
(OH)
2
. D. C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
v C
4
H
7
(OH)
3
.
Hai ancol a chc c t l s mol CO
2
v nc l 3:4 th chng t hai ancol no c
n trung bnh = 3 chn C
p n C
Cu 19: Cho 3,68 gam hn hp gm Al v Zn tc dng vi mt lng va dung dchH
2
SO
4
10% thu c 2,24
lt kh H
2
( ktc). Khi lng dung dch thu c sau phn ng l
S mol H
2
SO
4
phn ng = s mol H
2
=0,1(mol)
Khi lng dung dch H
2
SO
4
=[ (0,1.98).100]:10=98(g)
Khi lng dung dch sau phn ng =98+3,68-0,1.2=101,48(g)
p n A
Cu 20: Nu cho 1 mol mi cht: CaOCl
2
, KMnO
4
, K
2
Cr
2
O
7
, MnO
2
ln lt phn ng vi lng d dung dch HCl
c, cht to ra lng kh Cl
2
nhiu nht l
A. KMnO
4
. B. K
2
Cr
2
O
7
. C. CaOCl
2
. D. MnO
2
.
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
3Cl
2
; KMnO
4
2,5Cl
2
; CaOCl
2
Cl
2
; MnO
2
Cl
2

p n B
Cu 21: Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
thu c 54
gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H
2
d (xc tc Ni, t
0
) th 0,125 mol X phn ng ht vi 0,25 mol H
2
.
Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung l
A. C
n
H
2n-1
CHO (n > 2). B. C
n
H
2n-3
CHO (n > 2).

C. C
n
H
2n
(CHO)
2
(n > 0). D. C
n
H
2n+1
CHO (n > 0).
S mol Ag = 2 ln s mol anehit chng t anehit n chc
S mol H
2
=2 ln s mol anehit chng t anehit cha no cha 1 pi
p n A
Cu 22: Ha tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO
3
long (d), thu c dung dch X v 1,344 lt (
ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N
2
O v N
2
. T khi ca hn hp kh Y so vi kh H
2
l 18. C cn dung dch X,
thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 97,98. B. 106,38. C. 38,34. D. 34,08.
Ta c h
a=0,03 44a+28b=0,06.18.2

b=0,03 a+b=0,06

2N
+5
+8eN
2
O 2N
+5
+10eN
2
Tng s mol e nhn=0,54(mol)
0,24 0,03 0,3 0,03
S mol Al=0,46(mol)
AlAl
3+
+3e
0,46 1,38 > 0,54(s mol e nhn ) chng t phn ng cn to NH
4
NO
3
N
+5
+ 8e NH
4
NO
3

(1,38-0,54) 0,105
Tng khi lng mui = 0,46.n
Al(NO3)3
+ 80.n
NH4NO3
= 106,38(g)
p n B
Cu 23: Cho 3,024 gam mt kim loi M tan ht trong dung dch HNO
3
long, thu c 940,8 ml kh N
x
O
y
(sn
phm kh duy nht, ktc) c t khi i vi H
2
bng 22. Kh N
x
O
y
v kim loi M l
A. NO v Mg. B. N
2
O v Al C. N
2
O v Fe. D. NO
2
v Al.
M
Kh
=22 chng t N
x
O
y
l N
2
O duy nht
2N
+5
+ 8e N
2
O MM
n+
+ne
0,336 0,042 Khi M=3,024: (0,336:n) M=9n (n=3, M=27) Chn Al
p n B
Cu 24: Cho 10 gam amin n chc X phn ng hon ton vi HCl (d), thu c 15 gam mui. S ng phn cu
to ca X l
A. 8. B. 7. C. 5. D. 4.
Theo bo ton khi lng n
HCl
=(15-10):36,5
M
Amin
=10:s mol Axit HCl = 73 (C
4
H
11
N) c tng 8 ng phn
p n A
Cu 25: Cho hn hp gm Fe v Zn vo dung dch AgNO
3
n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung
dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y gm hai kim loi. Hai mui trong X l
A. Fe(NO
3
)
2
v AgNO
3
. B. AgNO
3
v Zn(NO
3
)
2
.
C. Zn(NO
3
)
2
v Fe(NO
3
)
2
. D. Fe(NO
3
)
3
v Zn(NO
3
)
2
.
Dung dch cha 2 mui chng t Fe phn ng mt phn v AgNO
3
ht
Dung dch cha Fe(NO
3
)
2
v Zn(NO
3
)
2
p n C
Cu 26: Thuc th c dng phn bit Gly-Ala-Gly vi Gly-Ala l
A. Cu(OH)
2
trong mi trng kim. B. dung dch NaCl.
C. dung dch HCl. D. dung dch NaOH.
Dng Cu(OH)
2
/OH
-
p n A
Cu 27: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo 400ml dung dch HNO
3
1M, n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh NO
(sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ha tan ti a m gam Cu. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,92. B. 0,64. C. 3,84. D. 3,20.
S mol Fe=0,12(mol) s mol HNO
3
=0,4 (mol)
Fe+4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+NO+2H
2
O Fe + 2Fe(NO
3
)
3
3Fe(NO
3
)
2

0,1 0,4 0,1 0,02 0,04
Fe(NO
3
)
3 d
=0,1-0,04=0,06(mol) Cu + 2Fe(NO
3
)
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+2Fe(NO
3
)
2

0,03 0,06 m
Cu
=0,03.64=1,92(g)
p n A

Cu 28: Mt hp cht X cha ba nguyn t C, H, O c t l khi lng m
C
: m
H
: m
O
= 21:2:4. Hp cht X c cng
thc n gin nht trng vi cng thc phn t. S ng phn cu to thuc loi hp cht thm ng vi cng thc
phn t ca X l
A. 5. B. 4. C. 6. D. 3.
C
x
H
y
O
z
x:y:z=(21:12):2:(4:16)=7:8:1 Cng thc C
7
H
8
O=3 phenol+1 ete+1 ancol
p n A
Cu 29: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Zn, S, FeO, SO
2
, N
2
, HCl, Cu
2+
, Cl
-
. S cht v ion c c tnh oxi ha v tnh kh
l
A. 4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 7.
Cht tho mn S, FeO, SO
2
, N
2
, HCl
p n C
Cu 30: Nung 6,58 gam Cu(NO
3
)
2
trong bnh kn khng cha khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c 4,96 gam cht
rn v hn hp kh X. Hp th hon ton X vo nc c 300 ml dung dch Y. Dung dch Y c pH bng
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 1.
Theo phng php tng gim khi lng
S mol mui phn ng =(6,58-4,96):108=0,015(mol)
Cu(NO
3
)
2
2NO
2
+1/2O
2
0,015 0,03
4NO
2
4HNO
3

0,03 0,03 [H
+
]=0,03:0,3=0,1(M) pH=1
p n D
Cu 31: Poli (metyl metacrylat) v nilon-6 c to thnh t cc monome tng ng l
A. CH
3
-COO-CH=CH
2
v H
2
N-[CH
2
]
5
-COOH.
B. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-COOCH
3
v H
2
N-[CH
2
]
6
-COOH.
C. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-COOCH
3
v H
2
N-[CH
2
]
5
-COOH.
D. CH
2
=CH-COOCH
3
v H
2
N-[CH
2
]
6
-COOH.
Hai monome ln lt l
CH
2
=C(CH
3
)COOCH
3
v H
2
N-[CH
2
]
5
-COOH
p n C
Cu 32: Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch brom nhng khng tc dng vi
dung dch NaHCO
3
. Tn gi ca X l
A. metyl axetat. B. axit acrylic. C. anilin. D. phenol.
X tc dng c vi NaOH v Br
2
, khng tc dng vi NaHCO
3
l phenol
p n D
Cu 33: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns
2
np
4
. Trong hp cht kh ca nguyn
t X vi hir, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t X trong oxit cao nht l
A. 27,27%. B. 40,00%. C. 60,00%. D. 50,00%.
Hp cht vi H l H
2
X c %X theo khi lng l 94,12% X l S nn %S trong SO
3
l 40%
p n B
Cu 34: Dy gm cc cht u iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra anehit axetic l:
A. CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
2
, C
2
H
4
. B. C
2
H
5
OH, C
2
H
2
, CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
.
C. C
2
H
5
OH, C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
2
. D. HCOOC
2
H
3
, C
2
H
2
, CH
3
COOH.
Dy cht iu ch trc tip to ra CH
3
CHO l
C
2
H
5
OH, C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
2

p n C
Cu 35: Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
1,5M v KHCO
3
1M. Nh t t tng git cho n ht 200 ml
dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48. B. 1,12. C. 2,24. D. 3,36.
S mol CO
3
2-
=0,15 (mol) ; s mol HCO
3
-
=0,1(mol) ; s mol H
+
=0,2(mol)
H
+
+CO
3
2-
HCO
3
-
; Tng s mol HCO
3
-
=0,25 ; H
+
+ HCO
3
-
CO
2
+H
2
O
0,15 0,15 0,15 0,05 0,25 0,05 VCO
2
=0,05.22,4=1,12 (lt)
p n B
Cu 36: Khi t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol no, n chc, mch h thu c V lt kh CO
2
( ktc)
v a gam H
2
O. Biu thc lin h gia m, a v V l:
A.
V
m a
5, 6
= . B.
V
m 2a
11, 2
= . C.
V
m 2a
22, 4
= . D.
V
m a
5, 6
= + .

m=m
C
+m
H
+m
O
=12.(V:22,4)+a:9+16.(a:18-V:22,4)
p n A
Cu 37: C ba dung dch: amoni hirocacbonat, natri aluminat, natri phenolat v ba cht lng: ancol etylic,
benzen, anilin ng trong su ng nghim ring bit. Nu ch dng mt thuc th duy nht l dung dch HCl th
nhn bit c ti a bao nhiu ng nghim?
A. 5. B. 6. C. 3. D. 4.
Dng HCl nhn ra 6 cht: NH
4
HCO
3
c kh thot ra ; NaAlO
2
c kt ta keo sau tan ; Phenolat natri c hin
tng vn c ; C
2
H
5
OH dung dch trong sut ; Phenol phn lp ; Anilin ban u phn lp sau lc u to
dung dch trong sut vi HCl d
p n B
Cu 38: Cho 0,448 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp NaOH 0,06M v Ba(OH)
2

0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 3,940. B. 1,182. C. 2,364. D. 1,970.
n
OH-
=0,006+2.0,012=0,03(mol)
n
CO2
=0,02(mol) 1<n
OH-
/n
CO2
<2 nn to ra 2 ion s mol bng nhau=0,01mol
Ba
2+
+CO
3
2-
BaCO
3

0,012 0,01 0,01
khi lng kt ta = 0,01.197=1,97(g)
p n D
Cu 39: Dy cc kim loi u c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch mui ca chng l:
A. Ba, Ag, Au. B. Fe, Cu, Ag. C. Al, Fe, Cr. D. Mg, Zn, Cu.
Fe, Cu, Ag
p n B
Cu 40: Cu hnh electron ca ion X
2+
l 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc, nguyn
t X thuc
A. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB. B. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA.
C. chu k 3, nhm VIB. D. chu k 4, nhm IIA.
Cu hnh ca X l
3d
6
4s
2
chu k 4, nhm VIIIB
p n A

II. PHN RING [10 cu]: Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn (phn A hoc B)

A. Theo chng trnh Chun (10 cu, t cu 41 n cu 50)
Cu 41: Cho cc hp cht hu c: C
2
H
2
; C
2
H
4
; CH
2
O; CH
2
O
2
(mch h); C
3
H
4
O
2
(mch h, n chc). Bit
C
3
H
4
O
2
khng lm chuyn mu qu tm m. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
to ra kt ta
l
A. 3. B. 4 C. 2 D. 5
CH=CH, HCHO, HCOOH, CH=C-COOCH
3
, 4 cht ny u tc dng vi AgNO
3
/NH
3

p n B
Cu 42: C nm dung dch ng ring bit trong nm ng nghim: (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, FeCl
2
, Cr(NO
3
)
3
, K
2
CO
3
, Al(NO
3
)
3
.
Cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
n d vo nm dung dch trn. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, s ng nghim c kt ta l
A. 5. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, FeCl
2
, K
2
CO
3
to kt ta vi Ba(OH)
2
v cc kt ta to ra khng tan
p n D
Cu 43: Ha tan hon ton 14,6 gam hn hp X gm Al v Sn bng dung dch HCl (d), thu c 5,6 lt H
2
(
ktc). Th tch kh O
2
( ktc) cn phn ng hon ton vi 14,6 gam hn hp X l
A. 3,92 lt. B. 1,68 lt C. 2,80 lt D. 4,48 lt
Al + 3/2HCl AlCl
3
+ 3/2H
2
Zn + HCl ZnCl
2
+ H
2

X 3/2x y y
27x+119y=14,6 x=0,1

y=0,1 3/2x+y=0,2

5

p : 4Al + 3O
2
2Al
2
O
3
. Sn + O
2
SnO
2
0,1 0,1*3/4 0,1 0,1
n
O2
= (0,1*3/4 + 0,1*1) = 0,175 (mol) Vo
2
= 0,175*22,4 = 3,92 (lt)

p n A
Cu 44: Cacbohirat nht thit phi cha nhm chc ca
A. Xeton B. Anehit C. Amin D. Ancol.
Cacbohirat phi c nhm OH(ancol)
p n D
Cu 45: Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol Cu
2+
v 1 mol Ag
+
n khi cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch cha 3 ion kim loi. Trong cc gi tr sau y, gi tr no ca x tha
mn trng hp trn?
A. 1,5 B. 1,8 C. 2,0 D. 1,2
MgMg
2+
+2e ZnZn
2+
+2e
1,2 2,4 x 2x
Ag
+
+1eAg Cu
2+
+2eCu
1 1 2 4
Tho mn ra th 2,4+2x<1+4 hay x<1,3(mol)
p n D
Cu 46: Cho hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch khng phn nhnh. t chy hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp
X, thu dc 11,2 lit kh CO
2
( ktc). Nu trung ha 0,3 mol X th cn dng 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Hai axit
l:
A. HCOOH, HOOC-CH
2
-COOH. B. HCOOH, CH
3
COOH.
C. HCOOH, C
2
H
5
COOH D. HCOOH, HOOC-COOH.
0,3 mol axit trung ho 0,5 mol NaOH th phi c 1 axit n chc v mt axit hai chc
n trung bnh l 5/3 nn chn D
p n D
Cu 47: Hp cht X mch h c cng thc phn t l C
4
H
9
NO
2
. Cho 10,3 gam X phn ng va vi dung dch
NaOH sinh ra mt cht kh Y v dung dch Z. Kh Y nng hn khng kh, lm giy qu tm m chuyn mu xanh.
Dung dch Z c kh nng lm mt mu nc brom. C cn dung dch Z thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m
l
A. 8,2 B. 10,8 C. 9,4 D. 9,6
Cng thc thu gn ca X l CH
2
=CHCOONH
3
CH
3

CH
2
=CHCOONH
3
CH
3
+NaOHCH
2
=CHCOONa+CH
3
NH
2
+H
2
O
0,1mol 0,1 mol
Khi lng cht rn = 0,1.94=9,4(g)
p n C
Cu 48: Cho cn bng sau trong bnh kn: ( )
2
2NO k N
2
O
4
(k).
(mu nu ) (khng mu)
Bit khi h nhit ca bnh th mu nu nht dn. Phn ng thun c:
A. AH < 0, phn ng thu nhit B. AH > 0, phn ng ta nhit
C. AH > 0, phn ng thu nhit D. AH < 0, phn ng ta nhit
Phn ng to nhit tc delta H<O
p n D
Cu 49: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt ancol X no, mch h, cn va 17,92 lt kh O
2
( ktc). Mt khc, nu
cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va vi m gam Cu(OH)
2
th to thnh dung dch c mu xanh lam. Gi tr ca m v tn
gi ca X tng ng l
A. 4,9 v propan-1,2-iol B. 9,8 v propan-1,2-iol
C. 4,9 v glixerol. D. 4,9 v propan-1,3-iol
s mol Cu(OH)
2
=1/2s mol X=0,05(mol)
Khi lng Cu(OH)
2
=4,9(g)
chn A hoc C ch c A tha mn
p n A
Cu 50: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Phn ur c cng thc l (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
.
B. Phn hn hp cha nit, photpho, kali c gi chung l phn NPK.
C. Phn ln cung cp nit ha hp cho cy di dng ion nitrat (NO
3
-
) v ion amoni (NH
4
+
)
D. Amophot l hn hp cc mui (NH
4
)
2
HPO
4
v KNO
3
.
Phng n B
p n B

B. Theo chng trnh Nng cao (10 cu, t cu 51 n cu 60)

Cu 51: Mt bnh phn ng c dung tch khng i, cha hn hp kh N
2
v H
2
vi nng tng ng l 0,3 M v 0,7
M. Sau khi phn ng tng hp NH
3
t trng thi cn bng t
0
C, H
2
chim 50% th tch hn hp thu c. Hng s cn
bng K
C
t
0
C ca phn ng c gi tr l
A. 2,500 B. 0,609 C. 0,500 D. 3,125
Cu 52: Cho sut in ng chun ca cc pin in ha: Zn-Cu l 1,1 V; Cu-Ag l 0,46 V. Bit th in cc chun
0
/
0,8
Ag Ag
E V
+
= + . Th din cc chun
2
0
/ Zn Zn
E
+
v
2
0
/ Cu Cu
E
+
c gi tr ln lt l
A. +1,56 V v +0,64 V B. 1,46 V v 0,34 V
C. 0,76 V v +0,34 V D. 1,56 V v +0,64 V
Cu 53: Nung nng m gam PbS ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian, thu c hn hp rn (c cha mt oxit) nng 0,95 m
gam. Phn trm khi lng PbS b t chy l
A. 74,69 % B. 95,00 % C. 25,31 % D. 64,68 %
A. Anilin tc dng vi axit nitr khi un nng thu c mui iazoni
B. Benzen lm mt mu nc brom nhit thng.
C. Etylamin phn ng vi axit nitr nhit thng, sinh ra bt kh.
D. Cc ancol a chc u phn ng vi Cu(OH)
2
to dung dch mu xanh lam.
Cu 55: Dy gm cc dung dch u tham gia phn ng trng bc l:
A. Glucoz, mantoz, axit fomic, anehit axetic
B. Frutoz, mantoz, glixerol, anehit axetic
C. Glucoz, glixerol, mantoz, axit fomic.
D. Glucoz, frutoz, mantoz, saccaroz.
Cu 56: Dy gm cc cht v thuc u c th gy nghin cho con ngi l
A. penixilin, paradol, cocain. B. heroin, seduxen, erythromixin
C. cocain, seduxen, cafein. D. ampixilin, erythromixin, cafein.
Cu 57: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
5
H
8
O
2
. Cho 5 gam X tc dng va ht vi dung dch NaOH, thu c mt
hp cht hu c khng lm mt mu nc brom v 3,4 gam mt mui. Cng thc ca X l
A. CH
3
COOC(CH
3
)=CH
2
. B. HCOOC(CH
3
)=CHCH
3
.
C. HCOOCH
2
CH=CHCH
3
D. HCOOCH=CHCH
2
CH
3
.
Cu 58: Cho dy chuyn ha sau:
Phenol
X +
Phenyl axetat
0
(du) NaOH
t
+
Y (hp cht thm)
Hai cht X,Y trong s trn ln lt l:
A. anhirit axetic, phenol. B. anhirit axetic, natri phenolat
C. axit axetic, natri phenolat. D. axit axetic, phenol.
Cu 59: Cho s chuyn ha:
CH
3
CH
2
Cl
KCN
X
3
0
H O
t
+
Y
Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l:
A. CH
3
CH
2
CN, CH
3
CH
2
CHO. B. CH
3
CH
2
NH
2
, CH
3
CH
2
COOH.
C. CH
3
CH
2
CN, CH
3
CH
2
COONH
4
. D. CH
3
CH
2
CN, CH
3
CH
2
COOH.
Cu 60: Trng hp xy ra phn ng l
A. Cu + Pb(NO
3
)
2
(long) B. Cu + HCl (long)
C. Cu +HCl (long) +O
2
D. Cu + H
2
SO
4
(long)

--------------------------------------

1
HNG DN GII CHI TIT MN HA KHI B NM 2009
( M 475 )

Cu 1: Cho hn hp X gm CH
4
, C
2
H
4
v C
2
H
2
. Ly 8,6 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch brom
(d) th khi lng brom phn ng l 48 gam. Mt khc, nu cho 13,44 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X tc
dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 36 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch ca CH
4
c
trong X l
A. 20%. B. 50%. C. 25%. D. 40%.
Gii:
CH
4
: x mol
C
2
H
4
: y mol
C
2
H
2
: z mol
m
hh
= 16x + 28y + 26z = 8,6 g (1)
- Tc dng vi Br
2
C
2
H
4
+ Br
2
C
2
H
2
+ 2Br
2
nBr
2
= y + 2z = 0,3 mol (2)
- Cho 0,6 mol hn hp tc dng vi AgNO
3
/NH
3
C
2
H
2
+ AgNO
3
/NH
3
C
2
Ag
2
0,15 0,15 mol
- Nu cho 8,6 g hn hp ( ng vi x + y + z mol ) phn ng vi AgNO
3
/NH
3
th nC
2
Ag
2
= nC
2
H
2
= z
( 0,6 mol hn hp thu 0,15 mol kt ta
x+y+z ...z )
Ta c t l :
6 , 0
z y x
=
15 , 0
z
x+y-3z=0 (3)
Gii (1),(2),(3) x = 0,2 ; y = 0,1 ; z = 0,1
%V CH
4
= 50%.
B
Cu 2: S dipeptit ti a c th to ra t hn hp alanin v glyxin l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4
Gii:
Alanin: CH
3
-CH(NH
2
)-COOH
Glyxin: H
2
N-CH
2
-COOH
2
ipeptit c to thnh t 2 amino axit c 4 loi
Ala-ala: H
2
N-CH(CH
3
)-CO-NH-CH(CH
3
)-COOH
Gly-gly: H
2
N-CH
2
-CO-NH-CH
2
-COOH
Ala-gly (gly-ala): H
2
N-CH(CH
3
)-CO-NH-CH
2
-COOH
Hoc: HOOC-CH(CH
3
)-HN-OC-CH
2
-NH
2
D
Cu 3: Th nghim no sau y c kt ta sau phn ng
A. Cho dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch Cr(NO
3
)
3
.
B. Cho dung dch HCl n d vo dung dch NaAlO
2
(hoc Na[Al(OH)
4
]).
C. Thi CO
2
n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
.
D. Cho dung dch NH
3
n d vo dung dch AlCl
3
.
Gii:
A. NaOH + Cr(NO
3
)
3
Cr(OH)
3
( lng tnh ) +
Cr(OH)
3
+ NaOH NaCrO
2
hoc Na[Cr(OH)
4
] (tan)
B. HCl + NaAlO
2
+ H
2
O Al(OH)
3
+
Al(OH)
3
+ HCl AlCl
3
+(tan)
C. 2CO
2
d + Ca(OH)
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
D. NH
3
+ AlCl
3
+ H
2
O Al(OH)
3
+ NH
4
Cl
Do tnh baz ca NH
3
rt yu nn ko th phn ng vi Al(OH)
3
, ng thi cng ko th to phc c kt
ta
D
Cu 4: Cho cc phn ng sau:
(a) 4HCl + PbO
2
PbCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2H
2
O.
(b) HCl + NH
4
HCO
3
NH
4
Cl + CO
2
+ H
2
O.
(c) 2HCl + 2HNO
3
2NO
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2H
2
O.
(d) 2HCl + Zn ZnCl
2
+ H
2
.
S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh kh l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
Gii:
(a) H
1
Cl
0
2
Cl + 2e : kh
(b) th hin tnh axit
(c) H
1
Cl
0
2
Cl + 2e : kh
(d) 2H
+
+ 2e H2 : oxi ha
C: 2 (a) v (c)
Cu 5: Hn hp X gm axit Y n chc v axit Z hai chc (Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon). Chia X
thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn mt tc dng ht vi Na, sinh ra 4,48 lt kh H
2
( ktc). t chy
t
h
p
t
n
g
u
y
e
n
h
u
u
c
a
n
h
.
i
n
f
o
3
hon ton phn hai, sinh ra 26,4 gam CO
2
. Cng thc cu to thu gn v phn trm v khi lng
ca Z trong hn hp X ln lt l
A. HOOC-COOH v 42,86%. B. HOOC-COOH v 60,00%.
C. HOOC-CH
2
-COOH v 70,87%. D. HOOC-CH
2
-COOH v 54,88%.
Gii:
X: RCOOH ( CnH...) : x mol
Y: R(COOH)
2
(CnH): y mol
- Tc dng vi Na
RCOOH 1/2H
2
R(COOH)
2
H
2
nH
2
= x/2 + y = 0,2 (1)
- t chy ( X, Y cng s C )
X nCO
2
Y nCO
2
nCO
2
= (x + y)n = 0,6
Nhn p n thy, Y ch c 2 cht l:
(COOH)
2
( n = 2 ) X l CH
3
COOH
CH
2
(COOH)
2
(n=3) X l C
2
H
5
COOH hoc C
2
H
3
COOH hoc C
2
HCOOH ( d thy loi TH ny, v nhiu
TH X nh vy s ko tnh c % khi lng )
Xt : n = 2 x + y = 0,3 (2)
Gii (1), (2) x = 0,2 ; y = 0,1 tnh ra % (COOH)2 = 42,86%
A
Cu 6: Khi cho a mol mt hp cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) phn ng hon ton vi Na hoc vi
NaHCO
3
th u sinh ra a mol kh. Cht X l
A. ancol o-hiroxibenzylic. B. axit aipic.
C. axit 3-hiroxipropanoic. D. etylen glicol.
Gii:
a mol X + Na a mol H
2
X c 2 nhm chc -OH hoc COOH hoc c 2 nhm chc .
a mol X + NaHCO
3
a mol CO
2
X phi c 1 nhm COOH v 1 nhm OH ( v 2 nhm COOH to ra 2a mol CO
2
)
Loi p n : A, D ( c 2 nhm OH), B ( c 2 nhm COOH)
C : HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH
Cu 7: Cho 61,2 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe
3
O
4
tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
long, un nng v
khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 3,36 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht,
ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 2,4 gam kim loi. C cn dung dch Y, thu c m gam mui khan. Gi
tr ca m l
t
h
p
t
n
g
u
y
e
n
h
u
u
c
a
n
h
.
i
n
f
o
4
A. 137,1. B. 108,9. C. 97,5. D. 151,5.
Gii: ( bi ny hay )
Ch d Cu Fe
3
O
4
phn ng ht, c th Cu phn ng 1 phn vi HNO
3
Dng LBT e
Fe
3
O
4
3Fe
3+
+ e
x 3x x
Cu Cu
2+
+ 2e ( nu Cu ko phn ng, th sau khi tnh ton y = 0, ko cn phi xt nhiu TH)
y y 2y
N
+5
+ 3e NO
0,45 0,15
x + 2y = 0,45 (1)
Cu cn phn ng vi Fe
3+
trn, do Cu cn d Fe
3+
ht 3x mol
Cu + 2Fe
3+
Cu
2+
+ 2Fe
2+
3x/2 3x 3x/2 3x
m
hh kim loi
= mFe
3
O
4
+ mCu phn ng + mCu cn d
= 232.x + 64.(y+3x/2) + 2,4 = 61,2
328x + 64y = 58,8 (2)
(1),(2) x=y=0,15
M mui = mCu(NO3)2 + mFe(NO3)2
= 188.(y+3x/2) + 180.3x = 151,5
C
Cu 8: Cho cc nguyn t: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Dy gm cc nguyn t
c sp xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l:
A. Mg, K, Si, N. B. K, Mg, Si, N. C. K, Mg, N, Si. D. N, Si, Mg, K.
Gii
Bn knh nguyn t cng ln khi tnh kim loi cng ln, v tnh phi kim cng nh
Nh vy bi s i thnh xp theo chiu tnh kim loi gim dn, v phi kim tng dn
K >Mg>Si>N
B
Cu 9: Cho cc hp cht hu c:
(1) ankan; (2) ancol no, n ch c, mch h;
(3) xicloankan; (4) ete no, n ch c, mch h;
(5) anken; (6) ancol khng no (c mt lin kt i C=C), mch h;
(7) ankin; (8) anehit no, n ch c, mch h;
(9) axit no, n chc, mch h; (10) axit khng no (c mt li n kt i C=C), n chc.
Dy gm cc cht khi t chy hon ton u cho s mol CO
2
bng s mol H
2
O l:
A. (2), (3), (5), (7), (9). B. (1), (3), (5), (6), (8).
t
h
p
t
n
g
u
y
e
n
h
u
u
c
a
n
h
.
i
n
f
o
5
C. (3), (4), (6), (7), (10). D. (3), (5), (6), (8), (9).
Gii:
t chy hp cht thu nCO
2
= nH
2
O cht lun c dng C
n
H
2n
O
z
( c 1 hoc 1 vng no , ko quan
trng bao nhiu oxi)
(Bi ny khi thi ko cn phi vit cng thc, cc cng thc phi hnh dung ngay trong u )
(1) ankan :C
n
H
2n+2
(2) C
n
H
2n+1
OH hay C
n
H
2n+2
O
(3) CnH2n ( 1 vng no )
(4) = (2)
(5) = (3)
(6) C
n
H
2n-1
OH hay C
n
H
2n
O
(7)
C
n
H
2n-2
(8) C
n
H
2n+1
CHO hay C
m
H
2m
O ( c 1 pi nhm CHO, gc hica no)
(9) C
n
H
2n+1
COOH hay C
m
H
2m
O
2
( c 1 pi nhm COOH, gc hica no)
(10) C
n
H
2n-1
COOH hay C
m
H
2m-2
O
2
B
Cu 10: Trn 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm H
2
SO
4
0,05M v HCl 0,1M vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp
gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)
2
0,1M, thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X c pH l
A. 12,8. B. 13,0. C. 1,0. D. 1,2.
Gii:
H
2
SO
4
2H
+
HCl H
+
nH
+
= 0,02
Ba(OH)
2
2OH
-
NaOHOH
-
nOH
-
= 0,04
H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O
0,02 0,02
[OH
-
] d = 0,02: 0,2 = 0,1 M
pOH = 1
pH = 13
B
Cu 11: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(I) Cho dung dch NaCl vo dung dch KOH.
(II) Cho dung dch Na2CO3 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2.
(III) in phn dung dch NaCl vi in cc tr , c mng ngn.
t
h
p
t
n
g
u
y
e
n
h
u
u
c
a
n
h
.
i
n
f
o
6
(IV) Cho Cu(OH)2 vo dung dch NaNO3.
(V) Sc kh NH3 vo dung dch Na2CO3.
(VI) Cho dung dch Na2SO4 vo dung dch Ba(OH)2.
Cc th nghim u iu ch c NaOH l:
A. I, II v III. B. II, V v VI. C. II, III v VI. D. I, IV v V
Gii: ( cu ny n gin )
p n: C
Cu 12: Cho cc hp cht sau:
(a) HOCH
2
-CH
2
OH. (b) HOCH
2
-CH
2
-CH2OH.
(c) HOCH
2
-CH(OH)-CH
2
OH. (d) CH
3
-CH(OH)-CH
2
OH.
(e) CH
3
-CH
2
OH. (f) CH
3
-O-CH
2
CH
3
.
Cc cht u tc dng c vi Na, Cu(OH)
2
l:
A. (a), (c), (d). B. (c), (d), (f). C. (a), (b), (c). D. (c), (d), (e).
Gii:
Cc cht phn ng c vi Cu(OH)
2
to phc phi c nhiu nhm OH cc C lin k nhau
A
Cu 13: Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo nc, thu c 500 ml dung
dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04Mv 0,224 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Ca. B. K. C. Na. D. Ba.
Gii:
M: x mol
M
2
O
n
: y mol
- Tc dng vi nc
M M(OH)
n
+ n/2 H
2
x x nx/2
M
2
O
n
2M(OH)
n
y 2y
nH
2
= nx/2 = 0,01 mol xn = 0,02
nM(OH)
n
= x + 2y = 0,02
Ch c kim loi kim v kim th phn ng vi nc n = 1, 2
n=1 (kim loi kim) x = 0,02 , y = 0 loi p n B, C
n=2 ( kim loi kim th ) x= 0,01, y = 0,005
m
hh
= 0,01.M + 0,005. (2M + 16.2) = 2,9
M = 137 Ba
D
A. th rn, NaCl tn ti di dng tinh th phn t.
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B. Kim cng c cu trc tinh th phn t.
C. Nc thuc loi tinh th phn t.
D. Photpho trng c cu trc tinh th nguyn t.
Gii:
A. th rn, NaCl tn ti di dng tinh th ion: cc ion Na+ v Cl- cc nt mng lin kt vi nhau
thnh 1 mng tinh th hnh lp phng cn i.
B. Kim cng c cu trc tinh th nguyn t in hnh: mi 1 C lin kt vi 4 C bn cnh trn 4 nh
ca 1 t din u
C. Nc thuc loi tinh th phn t: cc phn t nc lit kt vi nhau = lin kt H cht ch trong
mng tinh th nc .
D. Photpho trng c cu trc tinh th phn t: mi nt mng l 1 phn t P
4
(gm 4 nguyn t P lin kt
yu vi nhau thnh 1 hnh t din )
C
Cu 15: t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c X, thu c 0,351 gam H
2
O v 0,4368 lt kh CO
2
(
ktc). Bit X c phn ng vi Cu(OH)
2
trong mi trng kim khi un nng. Cht X l
A. C
2
H
5
CHO. B. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH. C. CH
3
COCH
3
. D. O=CH-CH=O.
Gii:
X tc dng vi Cu(OH)
2
/NaOH loi B, C
nCO
2
= nH
2
O =0,0195 mol
X c dng C
n
H
2n
O
z
( c 1 lin kt pi ) loi D ( v c 2 pi )
A
Cu 16: Cho hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t l C
3
H
7
NO
2
. Khi phn ng vi dung
dch NaOH, X to ra H
2
NCH
2
COONa v cht hu c Z; cn Y to ra CH
2
=CHCOONa v kh T. Cc cht
Z v T ln lt l
A. CH
3
NH
2
v NH
3
. B. C
2
H
5
OH v N
2
.
C. CH
3
OH v CH
3
NH
2
. D. CH
3
OH v NH
3
.
Gii:
X, Y + NaOH X, Y l axit, este hoc mui ca 1 baz yu
X + NaOH H
2
NCH
2
COONa + Z
X l H
2
N-CH
2
-COO-CH
3
Z: CH
3
OH
Y + NaOH CH
2
=CHCOONa + T
Y: CH
2
=CH-COONH
4
T: NH
3
D
Cu 17: Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm AgNO
3
0,1M v Cu(NO
3
)
2
0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v m gam cht rn Y. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,80. B. 0,64. C. 4,08. D. 2,16.
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Gii:
nFe = 0,04
nAg
+
=0,02
nCu
2+
=0,1
Fe + 2Ag
+
Fe
2+
+ 2Ag
0,01 0,02 0,01 0,02
Fe + Cu
2+
Fe
2+
+ Cu
0,03 0,03 0,03
Fe, Ag
+
ht, Cu
2+
d
m
Y
= mAg + mCu = 0,02.108 + 0,03.64 = 4,08 g
C
Cu 18: Ha tan hon ton 20,88 gam mt oxit st bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng thu c dung dch
X v 3,248 lt kh SO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam mui
sunfat khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 48,4. B. 52,2. C. 58,0. D. 54,0.
Gii:
Fe
x
O
y
+ H
2
SO
4
SO
2
Ch c th l FeO hoc Fe
3
O
4
S
+6
+ 2e SO
2
0,29 0,145
n e Fe
x
O
y
cho = 0,29 mol
- Nu l FeO
FeO Fe
3+
+ e
0,29 0,29 0,29
mFeO = 0,29.72 = 20,88 ng
mFe
2
(SO
4
)
3
= 0,29/2.400 = 58g ( v 2Fe
3+
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
)
- ( Nu l Fe
3
O
4
Fe
3
O
4
3Fe
3+
+ e
0,29 0,29
mFe
3
O
4
= 67,28 g sai )
C
Cu 19: Cho X l hp cht thm; a mol X phn ng va ht vi a lt dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu
cho a mol X phn ng vi Na (d) th sau phn ng thu c 22,4a lt kh H
2
( ktc). Cng thc cu to thu
gn ca X l
A. HO-CH
2
-C
6
H
4
-OH. B. HO-C
6
H
4
-COOCH
3
.
C. HO-C
6
H
4
-COOH. D. CH
3
-C
6
H
3
(OH)
2
.
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Gii:
a mol X + Na thu a mol H
2
X phi c 2 nhm OH hoc COOH
a mol X + a mol NaOH c 1 nhm OH gn vng benzene ( phenol ) hoc 1 nhm COOH hoc 1 nhm
este COO-
Cc p n B,C,D u + NaOH theo t l 1:2 loi
A
HO-CH
2
-C
6
H
4
-OH + NaOH HO-CH
2
-C
6
H
5
-ONa + H
2
O (1:1)
HO-CH
2
-C
6
H
4
-OH + 2Na NaO-CH
2
-C
6
H
4
-ONa + H
2
Cu 20: Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si t tri sang phi l:
A. CH
3
COOH, HCOOH, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO. B. HCOOH, CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO.
C. CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
5
OH, HCOOH, CH
3
CHO. D. CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH, HCOOH, CH
3
COOH.
Gii:
- Nhng cht c lin kt H gia cc phn t th nhit si cao hn cht ko c lin kt H
- Nhng cht c nhiu lin kt H hn hay lin kt H bn hn th nhit si cao hn
- Nhng cht c cng dng lin kt H m c M ln hn th nhit si cao hn
Hidrocacbon, ete,andehit, xeton, estel nhng cht ko c lin kt H
Ancol n chc c 1 lin kt H
Axit hu c n chc c 2 lin kt H v lin kt bn hn ca ancol
D : CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH, HCOOH, CH
3
COOH.
Cu 21: Khi nhit phn hon ton tng mui X, Y th u to ra s mol kh nh hn s mol mui tng
ng. t mt lng nh tinh th Y trn n kh khng mu, thy ngn la c mu vng. Hai mui X, Y
ln lt l:
A. CaCO
3
, NaNO
3
. B. KMnO
4
, NaNO
3
. C. Cu(NO
3
)
2
, NaNO
3
. D. NaNO
3
, KNO
3
.
Gii:
Y chy vi mu vng mui ca Na loi D
A. CaCO
3
CaO + CO
2
( nCO
2
= nCaCO
3
) loi
C. Cu(NO
3
)
2
CuO + 2NO
2
+ 1/2O
2
( n kh > n Cu(NO
3
)
2
) loi
B
2KMnO
4
K
2
MnO
4
+ MnO
2
+ O
2
NaNO
3
NaNO
2
+ 1/2O
2
Cu 22: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y l ng ng k tip, u tc dng vi Na v c phn ng trng bc.
Bit phn trm khi lng oxi trong X, Y ln lt l 53,33% v 43,24%. Cng t hc cu to ca X v Y
tng ng l
A. HOCH
2
CH
2
CHO v HOCH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CHO.
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B. HOCH
2
CHO v HOCH
2
CH
2
CHO.
C. HCOOCH
3
v HCOOCH
2
CH
3
.
D. HOCH(CH
3
)CHO v HOOCCH
2
CHO.
Gii:
X, Y + Na v AgNO
3
/NH
3
loi C v este ko phn ng vi Na
Loi D v ko phi l 2 cht ng ng
Cc p n A, B u l tp chc ancol v andehit cng thc X dng C
n
H
2n
O
2
X:
H C
O
, %
%
=
n 14
32
=
67 , 46
33 , 53
n = 2 ( X c 2 C Y c 3 C )
B
Cu 23: Cho mt s tnh cht: c dng si (1); tan trong nc (2); tan trong nc Svayde (3); phn ng
vi axit nitric c (xc tc axit sunfuric c) (4); tham gia phn ng trng bc (5); b thu phn trong dung
dch axit un nng (6). Cc tnh cht ca xenluloz l:
A. (3), (4), (5) v (6). B. (1), (3), (4) v (6). C. (1), (2), (3) v (4). D. (2), (3), (4) v (5).
Gii:
(1) do c to bi cc gc glucozo lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt -1,4-glucozit nn c cu to
mch thng, dng si.
(2) Cc polisaccarit ( tinh bt, xenlulo..) u ko tan trong nc.
(3) Xenlulo khng ha tan Cu(OH)
2
nhng tan c trong [Cu(NH
3
)
4
](OH)
2
( nc Svayde)
(4) Phn ng vi HNO
3
c to xenluloz trinitrat lm thuc sng ko khi.
(5) Khng c nhm CHO nn khng tham gia phn ng kh AgNO
3
/NH
3
hay Cu(OH)
2
/NaOH
(6) Cc polisaccarit ( tinh bt, xenlulo..) u b thy phn cho monosaccarit
B
Cu 24: Ho tan m gam hn hp gm Al, Fe vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long (d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy
ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
(d) vo dung dch X, thu c kt ta Y.
Nung Y trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn Z l
A. hn hp gmAl
2
O
3
v Fe
2
O
3
. B. hn hp gm BaSO
4
v Fe
2
O
3
.
C. hn hp gmBaSO
4
v FeO. D. Fe
2
O
3
.
Gii:
Al + H
2
SO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ H
2
Fe FeSO
4
X: Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
, FeSO
4
, H
2
SO
4
d
- X + Ba(OH)
2
:
Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2-
BaSO
4
Fe
2+
+ 2OH
-
Fe(OH)
2
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Y: BaSO
4
, Fe(OH)
2
- Nung Y
Fe(OH)
2
+ O
2
Fe
2
O
3
+ H
2
O
Z: BaSO
4
, Fe
2
O
3
B
Cu 25: Hn hp X gm hai este no, n chc, mch h. t chy hon ton mt lng X cn dng va
3,976 lt kh O
2
( ktc), thu c 6,38 gam CO
2
. Mt khc, X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c mt
mui v hai ancol l ng ng k tip. Cng thc phn t ca hai este trong X l
A. C
3
H
6
O
2
v C
4
H
8
O
2
. B. C
2
H
4
O
2
v C
5
H
10
O
2
.
C. C
2
H
4
O
2
v C
3
H
6
O
2
. D. C
3
H
4
O
2
v C
4
H
6
O
2
.
Gii:
CTTQ cho 2 este X:
2
2
O H C
n n
2
2
O H C
n n
+ (3 n /2 -1 ) O
2
n CO
2
0,1775 0,145
0,1775
) 1 - /2 n (3
=
145 , 0
n
n =3,6
A
Cu 26: Cho 0,02 mol amino axit X tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M thu c 3,67 gam mui
khan. Mt khc 0,02 mol Xtc dng va vi 40 gamdung dch NaOH 4%. Cng thc ca Xl
A. H
2
NC
3
H
5
(COOH)
2
. B. (H
2
N)
2
C
3
H
5
COOH. C. H
2
NC
2
H
3
(COOH)
2
. D. H
2
NC
3
H
6
COOH.
Gii:
0,02 mol X + 0,02 mol HCl X c 1 nhm NH
2
loi B
0,02 mol X + 0,04 mol NaOH X c 2 nhm COOH loi D
X: H
2
N-R(COOH)
2
X + HCl (HOOC)
2
R-NH
3
Cl
M
mui khan
= 3,67/0,02 = 183,5 (g/mol)
R = 41 C
3
H
5
A
Cu 27: in phn c mng ngn 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl
2
0,1M v NaCl 0,5M (in
cc tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) vi cng dng in 5A trong 3860 giy. Dung dch thu c sau
in phn c kh nng ho tan m gam Al. Gi tr ln nht ca m l
A. 5,40. B. 4,05. C. 2,70. D. 1,35.
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Gii:
Cng thc Faraday
S mol Cl
2
thot ra khi in phn trong thi gian t (s): nCl
2
= It/F.n = 5.3860/96500.2 = 0,1 mol
n: s e Cl
-
trao i in cc l 2
2Cl
-
Cl
2
+ 2e
CuCl
2
in phn trc:
CuCl
2
Cu + Cl
2
0,05 0,05
nCl
2
thot ra khi in phn NaCl l 0,1 0,05 = 0,05 mol
NaCl + H
2
O NaOH + 1/2H
2
+ 1/2Cl
2
0,1 0,1 0,05
(NaCl d = 0,15 ko b in phn)
NaOH + Al + H
2
O NaAO
2
+ 3/2H
2
nAl = 0,1 m Al = 2,7
C
Cu 28: Cho m gam bt Fe vo 800 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO
3
)
2
0,2M v H
2
SO
4
0,25M. Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,6m gam hn hp bt kim loi v V lt kh NO (sn phm kh
duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l
A. 10,8 v 4,48. B. 10,8 v 2,24. C. 17,8 v 4,48. D. 17,8 v 2,24.
Gii: (bi ny hay v kh )
nCu
2+
= 0,16
nNO
3
-
= 0,32 ( = 2nCu(NO3)2 )
nH
+
= 0,4 ( = 2nH2SO4 )
Do sau phn ng thu c hn hp kim loi l Fe, Cu Fe d, H
+
, Cu
2+
ht
Fe + NO
3
-
+ 4H
+
Fe
3+
+ NO +
0,1 0,1 0,4 0,1 0,1
V= 2,24 lit loi A, C
Fe d s phn ng vi Fe
3+
trc khi phn ng vi Cu
2+
( v tnh oxi ha ca Fe
3+
> Cu
2+
)
Fe + 2Fe
3+
3Fe
2+
0,05 0,1
Fe + Cu
2+
Fe
2+
+ Cu
0,16 0,16 0,16
Sau phn ng khi lng kim loi gim i 0,4m gam, do mFe phn ng > mCu tch ra
0,4m = mFe
p
mCu = 56(0,1+ 0,05+0,16) 64.0,16 = 7,12g
m = 17,8
D
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Cu 29: Nung nng m gam hn hp gm Al v Fe
3
O
4
trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) thu c dung
dch Y, cht rn Z v 3,36 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Sc kh CO
2
(d) vo dung dch Y, thu c 39 gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 48,3. B. 45,6. C. 36,7. D. 57,0.
Gii:
X + NaOH H
2
nn Al d, Fe
3
O
4
ht
8Al + 3Fe
3
O
4
4Al
2
O
3
+ 9Fe
x 3x/8 x/2
X: Al
2
O
3
, Fe, Al d ( y mol ) + NaOH
Al NaAlO
2
+ 3/2H
2
y y 3y/2
Al
2
O
3
2NaAlO
2
x/2 x
nH
2
= 3y/2 = 0,15 y = 0,1
nNaAlO
2
= x + y = 0,5 x = 0,4
m = m Al + mFe3O4 = 27.0,5 + 232.3.0.4/8 = 48,3
A
Cu 30: Hn hp kh X gm H
2
v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm hu c duy nht. T
khi ca X so vi H
2
bng 9,1. un nng X c xc tc Ni, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn
hp kh Y khng lm mt mu nc brom; t khi ca Y so vi H
2
bng 13. Cng thc cu to ca anken l
A. CH
3
-CH=CH-CH
3
. B. CH
2
=CH
2
.
C. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)
2
. D. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH
3
.
Gii:
Anken + HBr 1 sn phm duy nht anken c cu trc i xng loi C, D
Gi s ly 1mol X: x mol anken C
n
H
2n
v (1-x) mol H
2
mX = 14nx + 2 (1-x)
X
M = m
X
: n
X
= m
X
= 18,2 (g/mol ) ( v n
X
= 1 )
un nng X thu Y ko lm mt mu Br
2
anken ht, H
2
d
C
n
H
2n
+ H
2
C
n
H
2n+2
x x x ( sau phn ng gim i x mol )
nY = (1 x) mol
y
M = mY : nY = mX : nY = 18,2 : (1-x) = 26 (LBTKL, mX = mY )
x = 0,3
mX = 14n.0,3 + 2 (1-0,3) = 18,2 n = 4
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A
Cu 31: Dy gm cc cht u c kh nng tham gia phn ng tr ng hp:
A. stiren; clobenzen; isopren; but-1-en.
B. 1,1,2,2-tetrafloeten; propilen; stiren; vinyl clorua.
C. 1,2-iclopropan; vinylaxetil en; vinylbenzen; toluen.
D. buta-1,3-ien; cumen; etilen; trans-but-2-en.
Gii:
Cc cht ko tham gia trng hp c
A. clobenzen: C
6
H
5
-Cl
C. 1,2-iclopropan: Cl-CH
2
-CHCl-CH
3
v toluene: C
6
H
5
-CH
3
D. cumen: C6H5-CH(CH
3
)
2
B
1,1,2,2-tetrafloeten : CF
2
=CF
2
(-CF
2
-CF
2
-) (Teflon: polime cc k bn )
Cu 32: Cho dung dch cha 6,03 gam hn hp gm hai mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l hai nguyn t c trong t
nhin, hai chu k lin tip thuc nhm VIIA, s hiu nguyn t Z
X
< Z
Y
) vo dung dch AgNO
3
(d), thu
c 8,61 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng ca NaX trong hn hp ban u l
A. 52,8%. B. 58,2%. C. 47,2%. D. 41,8%.
Gii: ( bi ny hay )
Trong cc nguyn t halogen , tr F cn li Cl, Br, I u to kt ta vi Ag
- Nu X, Y u to kt ta vi Ag
t CT chung : Na X : a mol
Na X + AgNO
3
Ag X + ..
a a tng a ( 108-23) = 85a gam
85a = 8,61 6,03 x = 0,03
X = 177, loi v ko c halogen tha mn ( I = 127)
- X phi l F ko to kt ta, Y l Cl to kt ta AgCl
nAgCl = nNaCl = 0,06
%NaCl = 41,8 (g)
D
Cu 33: Cho cht xc tc MnO
2
vo 100 ml dung dch H
2
O
2
, sau 60 giy thu c 33,6 ml kh O
2
(
ktc). Tc trung bnh ca phn ng (tnh theo H
2
O
2
) trong 60 giy trn l
A. 5, 0.10
5
mol/(l.s) B. 5, 0.10
4
mol/(l.s) C. 2, 5.10
4
mol/(l.s) D. 1, 0.10
3
mol/(l.s).
Gii:
H
2
O
2
1/2O
2
+ H
2
O
0,003 0,0015
t
h
p
t
n
g
u
y
e
n
h
u
u
c
a
n
h
.
i
n
f
o
15
[H
2
O
2 phn ng
] = 0,003: 0,1 = 0,03 mol/l
Vn tc phn ng v = 0,03/60 = 5, 0.10
4
mol/(l.s)
B
Cu 34: Khi nhit phn hon ton 100 gam mi cht sau: KClO
3
(xc tc MnO
2
), KMnO
4
, KNO
3
v
AgNO
3
. Cht to ra lng O
2
ln nht l
A. KMnO
4
. B. KNO
3
. C. KClO
3
. D. AgNO
3
.
Gii:
KClO
3
3/2O
2
0,81 1,22
KNO
3
1/2O
2
0,99 0,49
KMnO
4
1/2O
2
AgNO
3
1/2O
2
- Thy s h s cn bng O
2
thot ra t KClO
3
nhiu nht, tuy nhin cn phi xt s mol ca cc mui. Mui
no c Mcng ln th s mol cng nh thu cng t O
2
v ngc li.
- Do M ca KMnO
4
v AgNO
3
> KClO
3
ch xt s mol KClO
3
v KNO
3
C
Cu 35: Pht biu no sau y ng:
A. Trng ngng buta-1,3-ien vi acrilonitrin c xc tc Na c cao su buna-N.
B. T visco l t tng hp.
C. Poli(etylen terephtalat) c iu ch bng phn ng trng ngng cc monome tng ng.
D. Trng hp stiren thu c poli(phenol-fomanehit).
Gii:
A. Trng hp ko phi trng ngng
B. L t nhn to ( do c ch t xenlulozo l 1 polime t nhin )
C. ng
nHO-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH + n p-HOOC-C
6
H
4
-COOH (-O-CH
2
-CH
2
-OOC-C
6
H
4
-CO-)
n
+ 2nH
2
O
D. Styren trng hp to thnh poli styrene, cn trng ngng phenol vi andehit fomic vi thu c
poli(phenol-fomanehit)
C
Cu 36: Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH un nng v vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong
NH
3
. Th tch ca 3,7 gam hi cht X bng th tch ca 1,6 gam kh O
2
(cng iu kin v nhit v p
sut). Khi t chy hon ton 1 gam X th t h tch kh CO
2
thu c vt qu 0,7 lt ( ktc). Cng
thc cu to ca X l
A. HCOOC
2
H
5
. B. O=CH-CH
2
-CH
2
OH.
t
h
p
t
n
g
u
y
e
n
h
u
u
c
a
n
h
.
i
n
f
o
16
C. CH
3
COOCH
3
. D. HOOC-CHO.
Gii:
Do X tc dng c vi NaOH, AgNO
3
/NH
3
loi B, C
n
X
= nO
2
= 1,6/32 = 0,05 mol
M
X
=74 (g/mol)
t chy X : C
x
H
y
O
z
X xCO
2
1/74 x/74 mol
nCO
2
= x/74 > 0,03125
x > 2,3
loi D ( v ch c 2 C )
A
Cu 37: in phn nng chy Al
2
O
3
vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu c m kg Al
catot v 67,2 m
3
( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh
X sc vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 67,5. B. 54,0. C. 75,6. D. 108,0.
Gii:
Hn hp kh X gm: O
2
, CO
2
v CO ( do oxi t chy cc in bng than ch )
0,1 mol X th c 0,02 mol CO
2
(= nCaCO
3
)
3 kmol ..0,6 kmol CO
2
Gi s trong 3 kmol hn hp X c: x kmol O
2
, 0,6 kmol CO
2
v (2,4-x ) kmol CO
X M = [ 32.x + 0,6.44 + (2,4-x)28 ] /3 = 32
x = 0,6
C + O
2
CO
2
0,6 0,6
C + 1/2O
2
CO
0,9 1,8
nO
2
tng = 0,6 + 0,6 + 0,9 = 2,1 (kmol)
in phn: Al
2
O
3
2Al + 3/2 O
2
2,8 2,1
mAl = 75,6 kg
C
Cu 38: Cho hn hp X gm hai hp cht hu c no, n chc tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch
KOH 0,4M, thu c mt mui v 336 ml hi mt ancol ( ktc). Nu t chy hon ton lng hn hp X
t
h
p
t
n
g
u
y
e
n
h
u
u
c
a
n
h
.
i
n
f
o
17
trn, sau hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(d) th khi lng bnh tng
6,82 gam. Cng thc ca hai hp cht hu c trong X l
A. CH
3
COOH v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
. B. C
2
H
5
COOH v C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
.
C. HCOOH v HCOOC
3
H
7
. D. HCOOH v HCOOC
2
H
5
.
Gii:
nKOH = 0,04 mol
n ancol = 0,015 mol
X gm 1 este v 1 axit
n este = nancol = 0,015
n axit = 0,04 0,015 = 0,025 mol
Do u l este v axit no, n chc mch h CTTQ: C
n
H
2 n
O
2
t chy: C
n
H
2 n
O
2
n CO
2
+ n H2O
0,04 0,04n 0 ,04n
mCO
2
+ mH2O = 0,04 n .44 + 0,04 n .18 = 6,82 n = 2,75
loi B ( v c 2 cht u > 3 C )
Phng php ng cho
Este C
n
2,75 - m
n = 2,75
Axit C
m
n 2,75
axit
este
n
n
=
75 , 2
75 , 2

n
m
=
025 , 0
015 , 0
3n + 5m = 22 n = 4, m = 2
A
Cu 39: C cc th nghim sau:
(I) Nhng thanh st vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ngui.
(II) Sc kh SO2 vo nc brom.
(III) Sc kh CO2 vo nc Gia-ven.
(IV) Nhng l nhm vo dung dch H2SO4 c, ngui.
S th nghim xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 1. D. 2.
Gii:
(I) Fe + H
2
SO
4
FeSO
4
+ H
2
(II) SO
2
+ Br
2
+ H
2
O HBr + H
2
SO
4
(III) CO
2
+ H
2
O + NaClO NaHCO
3
+ HClO ( ko phn ng vi NaCl )
(IV) Al b th ng
A
t
h
p
t
n
g
u
y
e
n
h
u
u
c
a
n
h
.
i
n
f
o
18
Cu 40: Cho cc phn ng ha hc sau:
(1) (NH4)2SO4 + BaCl2 (2) CuSO4 + Ba(NO3)2
(3) Na2SO4 + BaCl2 (4) H2SO4 + BaSO3
(5) (NH4)2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 (6) Fe2(SO4)3 + Ba(NO3)2
Cc phn ng u c cng mt phng trnh ion rt gn l:
A. (1), (2), (3), (6). B. (1), (3), (5), (6). C. (2), (3), (4), (6). D. (3), (4), (5), (6).
Gii:
(1) SO
4
2-
+ Ba
2+
BaSO
4
(2) = (1)
(3) = (1)
(4) H
+
+ SO
4
2-
+ BaCO
3
BaSO
4
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
(5) SO
4
2-
+ NH
4+
+ Ba
2+
+ OH
-
BaSO
4
+ NH
3
+ H
2
O
(6) = (1)
A
Cu 41: ng dng no sau y khng phi ca ozon?
A. Ty trng tinh bt, du n. B. iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim.
C. St trng nc sinh hot. D. Cha su rng.
Gii:
Cc ng dng A, C, D u ng do ozon c tnh oxi ha rt mnh
B : thc t ch iu ch ozon t oxi trong PTN cng nh trong CN.
Cu 42: Ho tan hon ton 24,4 gam hn hp gm FeCl
2
v NaCl (c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2) vo
mt lng nc (d), thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO
3
(d) vo dung dch X, sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 57,4. B. 10,8. C. 68,2. D. 28,7.
Gii: ( Cu ny hay v d b la )
nFeCl
2
= x , nNaCl = 2x
m = 127x + 58,5.2x = 2,24 x = 0,1
nCl
-
= 0,4 mol
nFe
2+
= 0,1 mol
Dung dch X + AgNO
3
:
Cl
-
+ Ag
+
AgCl
0,4 0,4
Fe
2+
+ Ag
+
Fe
3+
+ Ag ( d b thiu phn ng ny )
0,1 0,1
t
h
p
t
n
g
u
y
e
n
h
u
u
c
a
n
h
.
i
n
f
o
19
m cht rn = mAgCl + mAg = 68,2 g
C
A. Saccaroz lm mt mu nc brom.
B. Glucoz b kh bi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
.
C. Xenluloz c cu trc mch phn nhnh.
D. Amilopectin c cu trc mch phn nhnh.
Gii:
A. Saccarozo khng c nhm CHO v trong dung dch cng ko th t vng to nhm CHO nn
khng tc dng c vi nc brom.
B. Glucoz c nhm CHO nhng s b oxi ha bi AgNO
3
/NH
3
, ch ko phi b kh.
C. Xenlulozo c cu trc mch thng do to bi cc gc glucozo lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt -
1,4-glucozit.
D
Cu 44: Cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1,5M vo 200 ml dung dch H
3
PO
4
0,5M, thu c dung dch X. C
cn dung dch X, thu c hn hp gm cc cht l
A. K
3
PO
4
v KOH. B. KH
2
PO
4
v K
2
HPO
4
.
C. KH
2
PO
4
v H
3
PO
4
. D. KH
2
PO
4
v K
3
PO
4
.
Gii:
KOH + H
3
PO
4
KH
2
PO
4
(1:1)
2KOH + H
3
PO
4
K
2
HPO
4
(2:1)
3KOH + H
3
PO
4
K
3
PO
4
(3:1)
1 < nKOH : nH
3
PO
4
= 1,5 < 2
thu c 2 mui : KH
2
PO
4
v K
2
HPO
4
B
Cu 45: Hiro ho hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong
dy ng ng thu c (m + 1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t chy hon ton cng m gam X th
cn va 17,92 lt kh O
2
( ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,5. B. 8,8. C. 24,8. D. 17,8.
Gii:
X: R -CHO ( hoc C
n
H
2 n
O)
R -CHO + H
2
R -CH
2
OH
LBTKL mH
2
= 1 g
nH
2
= nX = 0,5 ( mol)
t
h
p
t
n
g
u
y
e
n
h
u
u
c
a
n
h
.
i
n
f
o
20
t chy:
C
n
H
2 n
O + (3 n -1)/2 O
2
0,5 0,25 (3 n -1)

nO2 = 0,25 (3 n -1) = 0,8
n = 1,4
m X = (14 n +16).0,5 = 17,8
D
Cu 46: Este X (c khi lng phn t bng 103 vC) c iu ch t mt ancol n chc (c t khi
hi so vi oxi ln hn 1) v mt amino axit. Cho 25,75 gam X phn ng ht vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH
1M, thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m l
A. 26,25. B. 27,75. C. 24,25. D. 29,75.
Gii:
nX = 0,25 mol
nNaOH = 0,3
X phn ng ht vi NaOH X l este n chc v NaOH cn d
Ancol c M > 32 ko th l CH
3
OH
X c dng: H
2
N-R-COO-R ( ph bin l dng ny )
M
X
= 103 R + R = 43 nhm ra R l 14 (-CH
2
-)
R l 29 ( -C
2
H
5
)
X : H
2
N-CH
2
-COO-C
2
H
5
H
2
N-CH
2
-COO-C
2
H
5
+ NaOH H
2
N-CH
2
-COONa + C
2
H
5
OH
0,25 0,25 0,25
m = m mui + mNaOH
d
= 29,25
A
Cu 47: Cho s chuyn ho gia cc hp cht ca crom:
Cr(OH)
3

KOH
X
KOH Cl
2
Y
4 2
SO H
Z

4 2 4
SO H FeSO
T
Cc cht X, Y, Z, T theo th t l:
A. KCrO
2
; K
2
Cr
2
O
7
; K
2
CrO
4
; CrSO
4
. B. K
2
CrO
4
; KCrO
2
; K
2
Cr
2
O
7
; Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
.
C. KCrO
2
; K
2
Cr
2
O
7
; K
2
CrO
4
; Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
. D. KCrO
2
; K
2
CrO
4
; K
2
Cr
2
O
7
; Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
.
Gii:
Cr(OH)
3
+ KOH KCrO
2
+ H
2
O ( hoc K[Cr(OH)
4
] )
KCrO
2
+ Cl
2
+ KOH K
2
CrO
4
+ KCl + H
2
O
K
2
CrO
4
+ H
2
SO
4
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+ K
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+ FeSO
4
+ H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ K
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O
D
t
h
p
t
n
g
u
y
e
n
h
u
u
c
a
n
h
.
i
n
f
o
21
Cu 48: Cho hirocacbon X phn ng vi brom (trong dung dch) theo t l mol 1 : 1, thu c cht hu c
Y (cha 74,08% Br v khi lng). Khi X phn ng vi HBr th thu c hai sn phm hu c khc nhau.
Tn gi ca X l
A. but-2-en. B. xiclopropan. C. propilen. D. but-1-en.
Gii:
X + HBr thu c 2 sn phm c cu trc bt i xng loi A, B
X l anken: C
n
H
2n
+ Br
2
C
n
H
2n
Br
2
H C
Br
, %
%
=
n 14
160
=
92 , 25
08 , 74
n = 4
D
Cu 49: t chy hon ton 1 mol hp cht hu c X, thu c 4 mol CO
2
. Cht X tc dng c vi Na,
thamgia phn ng trng bc v phn ng cng Br
2
theo t l mol 1 : 1. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. HOOC-CH=CH-COOH. B. HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CHO.
C. HO-CH
2
-CH=CH-CHO. D. HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH=CH-CHO.
Gii:
t 1 mol X 4 mol CO
2
c 4 C loi D
X + Na c nhm OH hoc COOH
X + AgNO
3
/NH
3
-CHO
X + Br
2
(1:1) c 1 ni i C=C
C
Cu 50: Nhng mt thanh st nng 100 gam vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO
3
)
2
0,2M v
AgNO
3
0,2M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra, ra sch lm kh cn c 101,72 gam (gi thit
cc kim loi to thnh u bm ht vo thanh st). Khi lng st phn ng l
Gii:
nCu
2+
= 0,02
nAg
+
= 0,02
m thanh tng = 1,72 g
Nu Ag
+
phn ng ht th
Fe + 2Ag
+
Fe
2+
+ 2Ag
0,01 0,02 0,02 tng (108.2 56).0,01 = 1,6 g < 1,72
Fe cn phn ng vi Cu
2+
thanh tng thm 1,72 -1,6 = 0,12 gam
Fe + Cu
2+
Fe
2+
+ Cu
x x x thanh tng (64-56)x = 0,12 g x = 0,015
t
h
p
t
n
g
u
y
e
n
h
u
u
c
a
n
h
.
i
n
f
o
22
nFe phn ng = 0,025
D
Cu 51: Cho dung dch X cha hn hp gm CH
3
COOH 0,1M v CH
3
COONa 0,1M. Bit 25
o
C, K
a
ca CH
3
COOH l 1,75.10
-5
v b qua s phn li ca nc. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X 25
o
C l
A. 2,88. B. 4,24. C. 1,00. D. 4,76.
Gii:
y l dung dch m
CH
3
COONa CH
3
COO
-
+ Na
+
0,1 0,1
CH
3
COOOH CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+
Lc u: 0,1 0,1 0
in li: x x x
Cn bng: 0,1-x 0,1+x x
Ka =
] [
] ][ [
3
3
COOH CH
H COO CH

=
x
x x
1 , 0
) 1 , 0 (
=
1 , 0
) 1 , 0 ( x x
1,75.10
-5
( v x << 0,1 nn 0,1-x 0,1 )
x = 1,75.10
-5
pH = -lg[1,75.10
-5
] = 4,76 (g)
D
Cu 52: Ngi ta iu ch anilin bng s sau:
Benzen
4 2 3
/ SO H c HNO
Nitrobenzen
HCl Fe
Anilin
Bit hiu sut giai on to thnh nitrobenzen t 60% v hiu sut giai on to thnh anilin t
50%. Khi lng anilin thu c khi iu ch t 156 gam benzen
Gii:
nC
6
H
6
= 2 mol
n anilin = 2.50%.60% = 0,6 mol
m anilin = 55,8
B
Cu 53: Ha tan hon ton 1,23 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Al vo dung dch HNO
3
c, nng thu c
1,344 lt kh NO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch Y. Sc t t kh NH
3
(d) vo dung dch
Y, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam kt ta. Phn trm v khi lng ca Cu trong hn
t
h
p
t
n
g
u
y
e
n
h
u
u
c
a
n
h
.
i
n
f
o
23
hp X v gi tr ca mln lt l
A. 78,05% v 2,25. B. 21,95% v 2,25. C. 78,05% v 0,78. D. 21,95% v 0,78.
Gii:
nCu = x mol
nAl = y mol
mX = 64x + 27y = 1,23 (1)
PT cho nhn e:
Cu Cu
2+
+ 2e
x x 2x
Al Al
3+
+ 3e
y y 3y
N
+5
+ e N
+4
0,06 0,06
LBT e 2x + 3y = 0,06 (2)
Gii h (1), (2) x =0,015 , y =0,01
%Cu = 78,05%
Dung dch Y + NH
3
d thu kt ta l Al(OH)
3
v Cu(OH)
2
tan ra do to phc [Cu(NH
3
)
4
](OH)
2
nAl(OH)
3
= nAl = y = 0,01
m = 0,78
C
Cu 54: Khi ho tan hon ton 0,02 mol Au bng nc cng toan th s mol HCl phn ng v s mol
NO (sn phm kh duy nht) to thnh ln lt l
A. 0,03 v 0,01. B. 0,06 v 0,02. C. 0,06 v 0,01. D. 0,03 v 0,02.
Gii:
Au + HNO
3
+
3
HCl AuCl
3
+ NO + H
2
O
0,02 0,06 0,02
B
Cu 55: Phn bn no sau y lm tng chua ca t?
A. KCl. B. K
2
CO
3
. C. NH
4
NO
3
. D. NaNO
3
.
Gii:
C
V NH
4
Cl c tnh axit do NH
4
+
Cu 56: Cho s chuyn ho:
Butan-2-ol
o
t c SO H ,
4 2
X(anken)
HBr
Y
khan ete Mg,
Z
t
h
p
t
n
g
u
y
e
n
h
u
u
c
a
n
h
.
i
n
f
o
24
Trong X, Y, Z l sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca Z l
A. (CH
3
)
2
CH-CH
2
-MgBr. B. CH
3
-CH(MgBr)-CH
2
-CH
3
.
C. (CH
3
)
3
C-MgBr. D. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-MgBr.
Gii:
CH
3
-CH(OH)-CH
2
-CH
3

o
t c SO H ,
4 2
CH
3
-CH=CH-CH
3
+ H
2
O
CH
2
-CH=CH-CH
3
+ HBr CH
3
-CHBr-CH
2
-CH
3
CH
3
-CHBr-CH
2
-CH
3
+ Mg
khan ete
CH
3
-CH(MgBr)-CH
2
-CH
3
B
Cu 57: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Glucoz tn ti dng mch h v dng mch vng.
B. dng mch h, glucoz c 5 nhm OH k nhau.
C. Khi glucoz dng vng th tt c cc nhm OH u to ete vi CH
3
OH.
D. Glucoz tc dng c vi nc brom.
Gii:
C
V ch c OH gn vi C1 trong phn t glucozo dng v ng mi phn ng c v n linh ng hn.
Cu 58: Hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Oxi ho hon
ton 0,2 mol hn hp X c khi lng m gam bng CuO nhit thch hp, thu c hn hp sn phm
hu c Y. Cho Y tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 54 gam Ag. Gi tr ca
ml
A. 13,5. B. 8,1. C. 8,5. D. 15,3.
Gii:
TH1: 2 andehit u to ra 2Ag ( ko c HCHO )
X: R CH
2
OH + CuO R CHO
0,2 0,2
R CHO + AgNO
3
/NH
3
2Ag
0,2 0,4 # 0,5 loi
TH2: hn hp andehit c HCHO ancol l CH
3
OH v ancol k tip l C
2
H
5
OH
CH
3
OH HCHO 4Ag
x x 4x
C
2
H
5
OH CH
3
CHO 2Ag
y y 2y
Gii h:
x+ y = 0,2
t
h
p
t
n
g
u
y
e
n
h
u
u
c
a
n
h
.
i
n
f
o
25
4x + 2y = 0,5
x =0,05; y = 0,15
m = 0,05.32 + 0,15.46 = 8,5
C
Cu 59: Cho 0,04 mol mt hn hp X gm CH
2
=CH-COOH, CH
3
COOH v CH
2
=CH-CHO phn ng
va vi dung dch cha 6,4 gam brom. Mt khc, trung ho 0,04 mol X cn dng va 40 ml dung
dch NaOH 0,75 M. Khi lng ca CH
2
=CH-COOH trong X l
Gii:
CH
2
=CH-COOH : x mol
CH
3
COOH : y mol
CH
2
=CH-CHO : z mol
nX = x + y + z = 0,04 (1)
- Tc dng vi dung dch Brom
CH
2
=CH-COOH + Br
2
CH
2
Br-CHBr-COOH
z x
CH
2
=CH-CHO + 2Br
2
+ H
2
O CH
2
Br-CHBr-COOH + HBr
z 2z
nBr
2
= x + 2z = 0,04 (2)
- Tc dng vi NaOH
C 2 axit phn ng x + y = 0,03 (3)
Gii (1), (2),(3) x = 0,02; y =0,01 ; z = 0,01
m C
2
H
3
COOH = 0,02.72 = 1,99 (g)
B
Cu 60: Cho cc th in cc chun: E
o
Al
Al
3
= -1,66V ; E
o
Zn
Zn
2
= -0,76V ; E
o
Pb
Pb
2
= - 0,18V ; E
o
Cu
Cu
2
=
0,34V.
Trong cc pin sau y, pin no c sut in ng chun ln nht?
A. Pin Zn Cu. B. Pin Al Zn. C. Pin Zn Pb. D. Pin Pb Cu.
Gii:
A.
E
o
=
E
o
Cu
Cu
2
- E
o
Zn
Zn
2
= 0,34 + 0,76 = 1,1 (V)
B. E
o
=
E
o
Zn
Zn
2
- E
o
Al
Al
3
= 0,9 V
C.
= E
o
Pb
Pb
2
- E
o
Zn
Zn
2
= 0,58 V
D. =
E
o
Cu
Cu
2
- E
o
Pb
Pb
2
= 0,52 V
A
t
h
p
t
n
g
u
y
e
n
h
u
u
c
a
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h
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i
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f
o

THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2010
Mn thi : HO, khi A - M : 596

H = 1; He =4, Li =7, Be =9, C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35,5;
K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52, Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85, Sr = 88, Ag=108; Sn = 119; Cs =133; Ba =
137: Pb = 207.
C 1 : n h h: 0,07 N
+
; 0,02 mol SO
4
2-
OH
-
n h Y h ClO
4
-
, NO
3
-
H
+
;
tn ClO
4
-
v NO
3
-
0,04 Tn Y 100 n h n h H ( in i H
2
O
A. 1 B. 2 C. 12 D. 13
LBTT: 0,07 = 0,02*2 + x x =0,03 (mol); y =0,04 (mol) . Vy n
H+
d = 0,01 (mol). [H
+
] =0,01:0.1 =0,1 (M) pH =1
C 2 : Ch 19,3 hn h t n C t tn n 1 : 2 n h h 0,2
2
(SO
4
)
3
S khi
hn n hn tn, th ki i Gi t
A. 6,40 B. 16,53 C. 12,00 D. 12,80
65x +64*2x =19,3 n
Zn
=0,1 (mol) ; n
Cu
=0,2 (mol) ; n
Fe3+
=0,4 (mol).
Zn + 2Fe
3+
2Fe
2+
+ Zn
2+
Cu + 2Fe
3+
2Fe
2+
+ Cu
2+

0,1 ----0,2 0,1 -- 0,2
Vy cn d 0,1 mol Cu m = 0,1*64 = 6,4 (g)
C 3 : Hn h kh N
2
H
2
t khi i H n 1,8 n nn t thi in tn nh kn ( t
t, th hn h kh Y t khi i H n 2 Hi t hn n tn h NH
3

A. 50% B. 36% C. 40% D. 25%
Chn 1 mol hn hp u: a mol N
2
v (1-a) mol H
2
. Ta c: M =28x +(1-a) =1,8*4 a =0,2
X l lng N
2
phn ng : N
2
+ 3H
2
2 NH
3

0,2 0,8
x 3x 2x
0,2-x 0,8-3x 2x n
hn hp
=0,2 x +0,8 3x +2x =1 2x
4*1,8
1 2
hh
hh
m
M
n x
= =
x =0,05. H%(theo N
2
) =0,05/0,2 =25 (%)
C 4 : Tn ht : C
3
H
8
, C
3
H
7
Cl, C
3
H
8
O C
3
H
9
N; ht nhi n hn t nht
A. C
3
H
7
Cl B. C
3
H
8
O C. C
3
H
8
D. C
3
H
9
N
S C bng nhau , nguyn t N trong hp cht hu c c ha tr (III) cao hn O(II), Cl(I) v H(I) nn to nhiu ng phn hn.
C 5: Th hin th nhi : (I S kh SO
2
n h MnO
4

(II S kh SO
2
n h H
2
S (III S hn h kh NO
2
O
2
n
(IV) Cho MnO
2
n h HC , nn (V) Cho Fe
2
O
3
n h H
2
SO
4
, nn
(VI) Cho SiO
2
n h H. S th nhi hn n i h - kh
A. 3 B. 6 C. 5 D. 4
Phn ng (V) st ha tr cao nht, phn ng (VI) to H
2
O +SiF
4
ha tr khng i nn khng l phn ng OXH kh.
C 6: Ch n n 2SO
2
(k) + O
2
(k) 2SO
3
(k hi tn nhit th t khi hn h kh i H
2
i i Pht
i n khi ni n n n :
A Phn n nhh t nhit, n n h hn th hi thn khi tn nhit
Phn n thn t nhit, n n h hn th hi nhh khi tn nhit
C Phn n nhh th nhit, n n h hn th hi thn khi tn nhit
Phn n thn th nhit, n n h hn th hi nhh khi tn nhit
V t khi hi hn hp vi H
2
gim nn s mol hn hp tng (s phn t kh tng) theo chu nghch.
Vy phn ng ta nhit, khi tng nhit cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch.
C 7: Ch NOH 2 t n h NHCO
3
nn , th 2 t n h 1 t n h t
n i n h C
2
( th 11,82 kt t Mt kh, h 1 t n h n h CC
2
( i
n nn, khi kt th hn n th 7,0 kt t Gi t , tn n
A 0,04 4,8 0,07 3,2 C 0,08 4,8 0,14 2,4
C n
BaCO3
=0,06 (mol) ; n
CaCO3
= 0,07 (mol) nn dd X c 2 mui CO
3
2-
v HCO
3
-
(d) .
HCO
3
-
+ OH
-
CO
3
2-
+ H
2
O; Ba
2+
+ CO
3
2-
BaCO
3
;
0,06 --- 0,06 ---------------------------------------------- 0,06 Vy m =0,06*2*40 =4,8 (g)
2HCO
3
-
CO
3
2-
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O; Ca
2+
+ CO
3
2-
CaCO
3
. s mol ca HCO
3
-
l 0,06 +x
x ----------- x/2 (0,06 + x/2) -- 0,07 . C 0,06 + x/2 = 0,07 ; x = 0,02. Vy a = 0,08*2/2 =0,08 (M)
C 8: Mt hn t
A. t |- t |-ft t |- t o-ft
C hi o- t o- t |-ft
p n D.
C 9: Oi h ht 2,2 hn h hi n n h thnh nhit n 4,8 CO Ch tn n nhit
tn t n i n n h ANO
3
trong NH
3
, th 23,76 A Hi n :
A. C
2
H
5
OH, C
2
H
5
CH
2
OH B. C
2
H
5
OH, C
3
H
7
CH
2
OH
C. CH
3
OH, C
2
H
5
CH
2
OH D. CH
3
OH, C
2
H
5
OH
C
n
H
2n+1
OH +CuO C
n
H
2n
O +Cu

+ H
2
O; n
CuO
= n
ancol
=n
andehit
=0,6(mol) ; n
Ag
=0,22 (mol)

2, 2
36, 67
0, 06
ancol M = =
vy mt cht CH
3
OH
3
2 1 2
4
2
n n n n
CH OH HCHO Ag
C H OH C H O Ag
+

0, 06 0, 05
4 2 0, 22 0, 01
x y x
x y x
+ = =

+ = =

m
hn hp ancol
=0,05*32 + 0,01*M
ROH
=2,2; R =60 17 = 43. Ancol cn li l C
3
H
7
OH
C 10: Hn h M n n, n h it i n h Y, h h n nn t C, tn
hi ht 0,5 ( Y n hn N t h hn tn M th th 33,6 t kh CO
2

(kt 25,2 H
2
O Mt kh, n n nn M i H
2
SO
4
th hin hn n t h (hi t 80 th
t th
A. 34,20 B. 27,36 C. 22,80 D. 18,24
S C = n
CO2
/n
hh
=3 vy ancol l C
3
H
7
OH 4H
2
O . V n
Nc
< n
CO2
nn axit khng no.
Axit c 3C c 2TH: CH
2
=CH-COOH 2H
2
O ; x + y = 0,5 v 4x + 2y = 1,4. Ta c x= 0,2 v y = 0,3 (nhn)
CHC-COOH 1H
2
O ; x +y =0,5 v 4x + y = 1,4. Ta c x= 0,3 v y = 0,2 (loi n
Y
<n
X
)
Este l CH
2
=CH-COOC
3
H
7
. Vi m
CH2=CH-COOC3H7
=0,2*0,8*114 = 18,24 (g)
C 11: Ch n h : 0,007 N
+
; 0,003 mol Ca
2+
; 0,006 mol Cl
-
; 0,006
3
HCO
0,001 mol
3
NO
. i ht
Ca
2+
trong n t n n h h C(OH
2
G t
A. 0,222 B. 0,120 C. 0,444 D. 0,180
n
Ca(OH)2
=x. n
OH-
=2x v n
Ca2+

= x. Theo bi:
OH
-
+ HCO
3
-
CO
3
2-
+ H
2
O
2x 0,006 --------- 0,006
Ca
2+
+ CO
3
2--
CaCO
3
.
x+0,003 0,006 Ch c x = 0,003 tha mn. Vy a = 0,003*74 = 0,222 (g)
C 12: Hn h kh n khn tn ti nhit thn
A. H
2

2
B. Cl
2
O
2
C. H
2
S N
2
CO O
2
F
2
l phi kim mnh nht phn ng mnh lit vi H
2
ngay c trong bng ti v nhit rt m.
Cu 13: n nn hn h kh 0,02 C
2
H
2
0,03 H
2
tn t nh kn ( t Ni, th hn h kh
Y Ch Y i t t nh n (, khi kt th hn n, khi n nh tn 280 hn
h kh (kt tht T khi i H
2
10,08 Gi t
A. 0,328 B. 0,205 C. 0,585 D. 0,620
Trong 0,0125 mol kh thot ra l H
2
(x mol) v C
2
H
6
(0,0125 mol):
m
C2H6
+m
H2
=0,0125*2*10,08 =2x +30(0,0125 x) . x =0,123/28 ( mol H
2
) v 0,227/28 mol C
2
H
6
.
m
tng
=m
hn hp u
- m
kh thot ra.
=(0,02*26 +0,03*2) 2*0,123/28 30*0,227/28 =0,328 (g)
C 14: Nn nn tn ht tn nh kn: (1 S (, (2
2
O
3
+ CO (k), (3) Au + O
2
(k), (4) Cu + Cu(NO
3
)
2
(r),
(5) Cu + KNO
3
( , (6 A NC ( C tn h hn n i h ki i :
A. (1), (3), (6) B. (2), (3), (4) C. (1), (4), (5) D. (2), (5), (6)
Ch c (1), (2), (4), (5) c phn ng , Ch c (1), (4), (5) kim loi l cht kh.
C 15: Tn ht h h h, n n th hn t C
2
H
4
O
2

A. 3 B. 1 C. 2 D. 4
Cc CTCT mch h ph hp: HCOOCH
3
; CH
3
COOH; HO-CH
2
-CHO
C 16: C ht i : (1 hnh, hth h khi ti i CO
3

(2) Ion Fe
3+
hnh tn it n A3
5
(3 t nh t h khi ti i kh
(4 Phn h n th N
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O. C ht i n
A. (1), (3), (4) B. (2), (3), (4) C. (1), (2), (3) D. (1), (2), (4)
Pht biu (4) sai phn chau c CTPT: K
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O.
C 17: Pht i n n
A C ki i: nti, i, i t n i n nhit thn
i i i n h t t n in
C i i i ki n tinh th hn t in
Th hi tn n in th ht nhn, ki i ki th (t i n i nhit nn h i n
Loi A v Be Khng tc dng vi nc, Loi C v Mg c tinh th lc phng, loi D v KL kim th c s bin thin nhit
khng theo qui lut v chng c kiu mng tinh th khc nhau.
C 18: H tn hn tn nSO
4
n n h N h 110 n h OH 2M th th
3 kt t Mt kh, n h 140 n h OH 2M th th 2 kt t Gi t
A. 32,20 B. 24,15 C. 17,71 D. 16,10
Nhn thy kt ta gim dn nn phn ng c d NaOH. Gi x s mol ZnSO
4
cn tm, m = a/78 (mol).
C phn ng: ZnSO
4
+ 2NaOH Zn(OH)
2
+ Na
2
SO
4

x 2x x
Tan Zn(OH)
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
ZnO
2
+ 2H
2
O
x- 3m 2(x 3m) Vy 2x +2(x 3m) = 0,11*2
Tng t, trng hp 2 : 2x +2(x-2m) = 0,14*2
Gii h x = 0,1. Vy m = 0,1*161 = 16,1 (g)
C 19: Ch i t: n, t n, t n axetat, t t, t nitn, nin-6,6 S t tn h
A. 3 B. 4 C. 2 D.5
T tng hp l t capron, t nitron, nilon-6,6
C 20: Tn ht i hn (C
6
H
5
OH):
(1 Phn tn t tn n nhn tn nhi tn n h HC
(2 Phn tnh it, n h hn khn i t

(3 Phn n n t k n, ht it n
(4 Phn th i hn n th th nit hn nn
C ht i n
A. (1), (2), (4) B. (2), (3), (4) C. (1), (2), (3) D. (1), (3), (4)
Loi (1) v phenol khng tan trong nc, khng phn ng vi HCl nn khng tan trong dd HCl.
C 21: C nhi titit (h h kh i khi th hn hn tn th 3 init: in, nin
phenylalanin?
A. 3 B. 9 C. 4 D. 6
thy phn to ra 3 amino axit khc nhau th 3 amino axit to nn peptit phi khc nhau l :
Gli-Ala-Phe, phe-ala-gli, ala-gli-phe, phe-gli-ala, ala-phe-gli, gli-phe-ala
C 22: Hn h kh itin hi hin n n in ti t h hn tn 100 hn h
n t n i , th 550 hn h Y kh hi n N h Y i n h it nfi
( th n i 250 kh ( th th kh hi n i kin Cn th hn t hi hin
A. C
2
H
6
C
3
H
8
B. C
3
H
6
C
4
H
8
C. CH
4
C
2
H
6
D. C
2
H
4
C
3
H
6

V
H2O
=V
gim
=350 ml . V
CO2
+V
N2
= V
cn li
=250 . Do V
hh
=100 ml nn
2
50
N
V ml <
=>
200 250
2 2, 5
100 100
C = < < =
=> loi B,C.
- Nu l 2 ankan th:
2 2 2 2 2
300 250 50
C H N Ankan H O CO N
V V V V ml
+
+ = = =
= 100 ml =>V l => D
C 23: Pht i n
A hi th hn n n tin n in h hn h o-aminoaxit
hi h n h n tn tn C(OH
2
th t hin h nh
C. Enzim amila t h hn n th hn n thnh nt
Ait ni it it hthi
p n A.
C 24: t h hn tn hn h 3 n n h, th n n n, th 3,808 t kh CO
2
(kt
5,4 gam H
2
O Gi t
A. 4,72 B. 5,42 C. 7,42 D. 5,72
n
CO2
=0,17 (mol); n
H2O
=0,3 (mol) ancol no. n
ancol
=0,3 - 0,17 =0,13 (mol)

2 1
17
13
n n
C H OH n
+
=
;
17
0,13*(14 18) 0,13*(14* 18) 4, 72 ( )
13
m n g = + = + =

C 25: Nhn nh n n khi ni 3 nn t :
26 55 26
13 26 12
X, Y, Z ?

A , Y th n t nn t h h n khi
C Y n ntn , 2 n n t nn t h h
p n A.
Cu 26: Ch tn hn tn tn n h h H
2
SO
4
(t : 2 : 5, th t n h kh
nht n h h h i nft S tn n tn nhn khi h tn
A. 3x B. y C. 2x D. 2y
Nu: H
2
SO
4
+Fe FeSO
4
+H
2
. Loi ( v x = y). Nu : 6H
2
SO
4
+2Fe Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O. Loi ( v x : y = 3:1)
T suy ra to c hai mui Fe
2+
v Fe
3+
. SO
4
2-
+ 4H
+
+ 2e SO
2

+ 2H
2
O.
nSO
4
2-
lm mi trng = nSO
2
=y/2 =>ne cho = y (bo ton S, ban u c y mol H
2
SO
4
)
Ta c: ne cho =2.nSO
2
=y mol
C 27: Atn i h n h i h n nh i, th hn tn n h H
2
SO
4
n th
145 tn th n n n n (i hi t tnh i h t 75
A. 300 gam B. 500 gam C. 400 gam D. 600 gam
S : C
6
H
5
CH(CH
3
)
2

2
3
1,
2,
O
H O
+
+
(CH
3
)
2
CO.
145
2, 5 ( )
58
xeton cumen
n mol n = = =
2, 5*120*100
400 ( )
75
m g = =

C 28: Ch ht: NHCO
3
, CO, Al(OH)
3
, Fe(OH)
3
, HF, Cl
2
, NH
4
C S ht t n i n h NOH n
nhit thn
A. 4 B. 5 C. 3 D. 6
Cc cht tc dng vi NaOH t
0
thng l NaHCO
3
, Al(OH)
3
, HF, Cl
2
, NH
4
Cl.
C 29: Th hn hn tn 0,2 t t n n 100 n h NOH 24, th t n
43,6 hn h ui hi it i n h Hi it
A HCOOH CH
3
COOH B. CH
3
COOH C
2
H
5
COOH
C. C
2
H
5
COOH C
3
H
7
COOH HCOOH C
2
H
5
COOH
n
NaOH
= 0,6 (mol).
3
NaOH
este
n
n
=
. Nn E l trieste
3 3
( ) ' 3 3 '( ) RCOO R NaOH RCOONa R OH + +

43, 6
72, 67 5, 67
0, 6
RCOONa R = = =
. 1 cht l HCOOH s mol 0,4 loi B, C.
0,4*68 + 0,2*M =43,6 . M =82 CH
3
COONa vy 2 cht HCOOH v CH
3
COOH
C 30: C nn t t i n , th hi tn in th ht nhn th
A n knh nn t in tn n knh nn t tn, in i
C n knh nn t i, in tn n knh nn t in i
T Li n F (cng chu k ) nn bn knh nguyn t gim, m in tng
Cu 31: Cho 0,15 mol H
2
NC
3
H
5
(COOH)
2
(it ti 175 n h HC 2M, th n h Ch NOH
n h S khi hn n hn tn, NOH hn n
A. 0,50. B. 0,65. C. 0,70. D. 0,55.

H
2
NC
3
H
5
(COOH)
2
+HCl ClH
3
NC
3
H
5
(COOH)
2
.
0,15 0,15 0,15 HCl d 0,175*2 0,15 =0,2 (mol)
ClH
3
NC
3
H
5
(COOH)
2
+ 3NaOH H
2
NC
3
H
5
(COONa)
2
+NaCl +3H
2
O ; HCl + NaOH NaCl + H
2
O
0,15 ---------------- 0,45 0,2 0,2 Vy n
NaOH
=0,65 (mol)
C 32: Ch 7,1 hn h t ki i ki t ki i ki th Y t n ht i n n h
HC n, th 5,6 t kh (kt i i , Y
A. natri v magie. B. liti v beri. C. kali v canxi. D. kali v bari.
2
(1 2); 2 2 .
7,1 7,1 7,1
0, 5 0, 25. . 14, 2 28, 4. Na ; Mg
0, 5
n
M ne M n H e H
n M n V M KL l
M M
+
+
< < +
= < <

C 33: H tn hn tn 8,94 hn h N, n, th n h 2,688 t kh H
2
(kt
n h Y HC H
2
SO
4
, t tn n 4 : 1 Tn h n h i n h Y, tn khi n
i t
Ta c: H
2
O OH
-
+H
2
. n
OH-
=0,24 (mol). HCl (4x mol) H
2
SO
4
(x mol) th n
Cl-
=4x ; n
SO4
=x; n
H+
=6x =0,24
x =0,04. m
mui
=m
KL
+ m
Cl-

+ m
SO4
=8,94 +4*0,04*35,5 +0,04*96 = 18,46 (g)
C 34: Ch hn h: C
3
H
6

2
dung dich Br
X
NaOH
Y
0
, CuO t
Z
2
, O xt
T
0
3
, , CH OH t xt
(t
hc). Tn i Y
A. propan-1,3-i B. propan-1,2-iol. C. propan-2-ol. D. glixerol.
V E l este a chc nn T phi l axit a chc vy C
3
H
6
l xiclopropan, cht cn tm l propan-1,3-iol.
C 35: Ch 4 n h: H
2
SO
4
long, AgNO
3
, CuSO
4
, A Cht khn t n i 4 n h tn
A. KOH. B. BaCl
2
. C. NH
3
. D. NaNO
3
.
Ch c NaNO
3
khng phn ng vi dy cc cht trn.
C 36: Phn n in hn n h CC
2
(i in t hn n n n in h khi nhn h kim
Zn-C n h HC i :
A Phn n n k th ht inh n in inh C
C Phn n th i ki i h in ki i Phn n n i h C
-
.
+Loi tr A v in phn tiu th dng in. + B sai v cc m Zn kim loi Zn b n mn
C 37: Ankn h n t thnh 3-etylpentan-3- Tn
A. 3-etylpent-3-en. B. 2-etylpent-2-en. C. 3-etylpent-2-en. D. 3-etylpent-1-en.
CH
3
-CH
2
-C(OH) CH
2
-CH
3

0
2 4
,170 H SO C
CH
3
-CH=C-CH
2
-CH
3
+ H
2
O

CH
3
-CH
2
CH
3
-CH
2
(3-etylpent-2en)
C 38: Ch hn h: Triolein
0
2
( , ) H du Ni t +
X
0
, NaOHdu t +
Y
HCl +
Z. Tn
A. axit linoleic. B. axit oleic. C. axit panmitic. D. axit stearic.
+S vit li: Triolein [(C
17
H
33
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
]
0
2
( , ) H du Ni t +
[(C
17
H
35
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
(X )
0
, NaOHdu t +
C
17
H
33
COONa (Y)
HCl +
C
17
H
33
COOH axit stearic( Z).
C 39: Pht i khn n :
A Hi nf i h i n nhit thn
i n, thn h, fn n th hnh n
C Tt nn t hn i h: -1, 1, 3, 5 7 tn h ht
Tn n nhi, hth n t n h nn hn h n hthit, t thn 1200
0
C
tn in
Cc halogen c s oxi ha -1,+1,+3,+5,+7 trong hp cht. Tr F phi kim mnh nht lun c s oxi ha -1 trong hp cht.
C 40: t h hn tn t t n h, h h (hn t in kt t nh hn 3, th th th kh CO
2

n 67 th th kh O
2
hn n ( th th kh n i kin Ch t n hn tn i 200
n h OH 0,7M th n h Y C n Y th 12,88 ht n khn Gi t
A. 7,20. B. 6,66. C. 8,88. D. 10,56.
Gi a l s lin kt trong gc hidrocacbon. Do s lin kt trong X < 3 nn a < 2.

2 2 2 2 2 2
3 2 6 3 2 6 12
( ) ( ) . *( ) . 18 6 12 14
2 7 2 4
n n a
n a n a a
C H O O nCO n a H O n n a n n
+
+ + = = =

Ch c a = 0 ; n = 3 tha mn , CTPT C
3
H
6
O
2
c 2 CTCT( HCOOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOCH
3
).
Th KOH (0,14 mol) phn ng ht khi lng mui khng tha mn. Nn KOH d:
C
3
H
6
O
2
+ KOH RCOOH + ROH ( R l CH
3
hoc C
2
H
5
OH), x l s mol ese( x < 0,14 ).
p dng LBTKL: m
este
+m
KOH
=m
Rn
+m
ROH
74x + 0,2*0,7 * 56 = 12,88 + (R + 17)x.

3
2 5
'( ) 15 0,12
57 ' 5, 04
'( ) 29 0,18 ( )
R CH x
x R x
R C H x sai
= =
=

= =
. Vy m = 0,12*74 = 8,88 (g)

II PHN RING (10 - Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn (phn A hoc B)
A Th hn tnh Chn (10 , t 41 n 50
C 41: Cht n t tn i t i tn n nhi
A. CO
2
. B. SO
2
. C. N
2
O. D. NO
2
.

SO
2
c tnh ty mu c ng dng lm cht ty mu trong cng nghip giy vi.
Cu 42: Hn h 1 init n, h h 1 in n, h h kh nn hn n ti i 2
HC h 2 NOH t h hn tn th 6 CO
2
, x mol H
2
O v y mol N
2
C i t , tn n
A. 8 v 1,0. B. 8 v 1,5. C. 7 v 1,0. D. 7 v 1,5.
S nhm NH
2
=n
HCl
/n
X
= 2/2 = 1. Vy amin n chc, aminoaxit c mt nhm NH
2
.
S nhm COOH ca amino axit =n
NaOH
/1 = 2/1 = 2. Vy aminoaxit c hai nhm COOH.

CTPT TB ca 2 cht l
2
6
. 3
2
CO
n y z t
hh
n
C H O N n
n
= = =
; Ta dng n =3 cho c amin v aminoaxit gii ton.

2 2 2 2 2 3 7 2 2 2 2
min : ( ) 3 2, 5 0, 5 ; min : 3 4, 5 0, 5
1 3 2, 5 0, 5 1 3 4, 5 0, 5
a oaxit NH CH COOH CO H O N a C H NH CO H O N + + + +

x =2,5 +4,5 =7; y =0,5 +0,5 =1,0
C 43: T 180 , n hn h n n , th n ti (hi t 80%). Oxi ha 0,1a
n ti n hn h n n i, th hn h tn h hn h n 720 n h
NaOH 0,2M. Hi t tnh n n i
A. 80%. B. 10%. C. 90%. D. 20%.
Vi 0,1a gam: n
glucoz
=0,1(mol); n
NaOH
=0, 144 (mol). C
6
H
12
O
6
2C
2
H
5
OH 2CH
3
COOH +2NaOH ( a l H% cn tm)
0, 1mol 0,8* 0,2mol ---------- 0,8*a*0,2
0,8*2*a =0,144 a =0,9 hay H% =90(%)
C 44: C ht t n i n h HC t n i n h ANO
3
l:
A. CuO, Al, Mg. B. Zn, Cu, Fe. C. MgO, Na, Ba. D. Zn, Ni, Sn.
Tc dng vi AgNO
3
th l kim loi, loi A, C v CuO, MgO.Tc dng vi HCl nn KL trc H loi B v Cu sau H.
C 45: Tn hn n:
2
Cr
2
O
7
+ HCl CrCl
3
+ Cl
2
+ KCl + H
2
O
S hn t HC n i t ht kh n k n tn hn t HC th i hn n Gi t k
A. 4/7. B. 1/7. C. 3/14. D. 3/7.
Phn ng: K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+14HCl 2CrCl
3
+3Cl
2
+2KCl +7H
2
O. Tng n
HCl
=14
n
HCl
ng vai tr cht kh l 3Cl
2
6HCl . Vy k = 6/14 = 3/7.
Cu 46: Nh t t tn it n ht 30 n h HC 1M 100 n h h N
2
CO
3
0,2M v NaHCO
3
0,2M,
hn n th CO
2
l
A. 0,030. B. 0,010. C. 0,020. D. 0,015.
H
+
+ CO
3
2-
HCO
3
-
. HCO
3
-
+H
+
H
2
O + CO
2
.
0,03 0,02 0,02 . d H
+
=0,01 mol 0,01 --------- 0,01
C 47: Ch hn h tn n hn n hn tn i n n h ANO
3
trong NH
3
, th
43,2 kt t n h h 17,5 i ni hi it h Gi t
A. 10,9. B. 14,3. C. 10,2. D. 9,5.
n
Ag
=0,4 (mol) P:
3 3 2 4 4 3
2 3 2 2 R CHO AgNO NH H O R COONH Ag NH NO + + + + +
LBTKL: m = m
mui amoni
+m
Ag
+m
NH4NO3
m
H2O
m
NH3
m
AgNO3
.
=17,5 +43,2 +0,4*80 - 0,2*18 - 0,6*17 0,4*170 = 10,9 (g)
C 48: Hn h 0,1 t it i n h 0,1 i it i ki i k tn khi n
15,8 Tn it tn
A. axit propanoic. B. axit metanoic. C. axit etanoic. D. axit butanoic.
Axit RCOOH, mui RCOOM: 0,1(R+45) + 0,1(R + M + 44) = 15,8 0,2R +0,1M = 6,9.
R =1 M = 67 (loi); R = 15 M =39 (K); R =29 M = 11(loi) . Vy axit l CH
3
COOH (axit etanoic)
C 49: t h hn tn t n hin H th tn n h h n h (OH
2
( t
29,55 kt t, n h hn n khi n i 19,35 i n h (OH
2
n Cn th
hn t
A. C
3
H
4
. B. C
2
H
6
. C. C
3
H
6
. D. C
3
H
8
.
n
CO2
= n= 0,15 (mol). m
Gim
=m
ta
- (m
CO2
+m
H2O
) m
H2O
=m
ta
m
CO2
- m
gim
=29,55 0,15*44 19,35 =3,6(g).
n
H2O
=0,2 (mol) >n
CO2
ankan. C
n
H
2n+2
vi n = n
CO2
/n
X
=0,15/(0,2-0,15) =3. CTPT C
3
H
8
.
C 50: in hn (i in t t n h NC CSO
4
n , n khi tt t hin t kh
th n in hn Tn tnh in hn tn, n h th nt
A. kh Cl
2
v O
2
. B. kh H
2
v O
2
. C h kh C
2
. D. kh Cl
2
v H
2
.
PT in phn: 2NaCl + CuSO
4

dpdd
Na
2
SO
4
+Cu +Cl
2
. CuSO
4
(d) + H
2
O
dpdd
Cu +H
2
SO
4
+1/2O
2
.
Vy 2 kh l Cl
2
v O
2
.
Th hn tnh Nn (10 , t 51 n 60
Cu 51: Trong cc polime sau: (1) poli(metyl metacrylat); (2) polistiren; (3) nilon-7; (4) poli(etylen-terephtalat); (5) nilon-
6,6; (6 i (in tt, i n h hn n tn nn :
A. (1), (3), (6). B. (3), (4), (5). C. (1), (2), (3). D. (1), (3), (5).
C (3) nilon-7; (4) poli(etylen-terephtalat); (5) nilon-6,6 l cc polime ca phn ng trng ngng
nNH
2
-(CH
2
)
6
-COOH nH
2
O + [-NH-(CH
2
)
6
-CO-]
n
(nilon -7);
nHO-CH
2
-CH
2
OH +nHOOC-C
6
H
4
-COOH 2 nH
2
O +[-O-CH
2
-CH
2
OOC-C
6
H
4
-CO-]
n
(poli(etylen-terephtalat) hay t lapsan)
nNH
2
-(CH
2
)
6
-NH
2
+nHOOC-(CH
2
)
4
-COOH 2nH
2
O + [-NH-(CH
2
)
6
-NHCO-(CH
2
)
4
-CO-]
n
(nilon -6,6)

C 52: in hn (in t n h h 0,2 CSO
4
0,12 NC n n in n 2A Th
th kh (kt tht nt 9650 i in hn
A. 2,240 lt. B. 2,912 lt. C. 1,792 lt. D. 1,344 lt.
p dng nh lut Faraday
64*2*9650
6, 4.( ) 0,1( )
2*96500
Cu Cu
m g n mol = = =

2NaCl + CuSO
4

dpdd
Na
2
SO
4
+Cu +Cl
2
. CuSO
4
(d) + H
2
O
dpdd
Cu +H
2
SO
4
+1/2O
2
.
0,12----0,06 ------------------------ 0,06 0,06 lng Cu cn li do 0,04 ---- 0,02
Vy V kh = (0,06 +0,02)*22,4 = 1,972 (lt)
Cu 53: Cho 0,448 lt kh NH
3
(kt i n n 16 CO nn nn, th ht n (i hn n
hn tn Phn t khi n C tn
A. 12,37%. B. 87,63%. C. 14,12%. D. 85,88%.
n
NH3
=0,02 (mol) ; n
CuO
=0,2 (mol). 3CuO +2NH
3

dpdd
N
2
+3Cu + 3H
2
O.
0,03 0,02 ---------------------0,03

64*0, 03
% *100 12, 37(%).
64*0, 03 80(0, 2 0, 03)
Cu = =
+

C 54: t h hn tn V t hi t in n t n i t 8V t hn h kh ni, kh
nit hi n ( th th kh hi n i kin Ain t n i it nit nhit thn, ii
phn kh nit Cht
A. CH
2
=CH-NH-CH
3
. B. CH
3
-CH
2
-NH-CH
3
. C. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-NH
2
. D. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-NH
2
.
Khi tc dng vi HNO
2
to kh N
2
nn X l amin bc I. Loi A,B.
Th vi 1 p n C. C
3
H
7
NH
2
3CO
2
+4,5H
2
O +0,5 N
2
V kh = 3 +4,5 +0,5 =8 (ng)
Cu 55: Hi h ht h th (CH
3
)
2
CHCH(OH)CH
3
Cht tn th th
A. metyl isopropyl xetol. B. 3-metylbutan-2-on.
C. 3-metylbutan-2-ol. D. 2-metylbutan-3-on.
X cng H nn khng no, loi A,C. Chn D.
C 56: Tn nn nn n: (1 th in, (2 i, (3 t ti, (4 h thh; nhn nn nn n h :
A. (1), (3), (4). B. (2), (3), (4). C. (1), (2), (4). D. (1), (2), (3).
Nng lng Ha thch (ch yu l than , du m) gy nhim mi trng v nhiu vn khc( loi)
C 57: Ch hn h n ti hi it i (n, n h, k ti nh tn n n t n
ht i N, ii hn 6,72 t kh H
2
(kt N n nn hn h ( H
2
SO
4
t th ht tn hn
h hn n i nh t thnh 25 hn h t (i thit hn n t h t hi t 100 Hi it
tn hn h
A. HCOOH v CH
3
COOH. B. CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
COOH.
C. C
2
H
5
COOH v C
3
H
7
COOH. D. C
2
H
7
COOH v C
4
H
9
COOH.
N
hh
= 2n
H2
=0,6 (mol). Do axit tc dng vi CH
3
OH nn n
2 axit
= n
CH3OH
. =0,3 (mol).
3 3 2
R COOH CH OH R COOCH H O + + .
3
R COOCH
M

=25/0,3 =83,33 R =24,33 (CH
3
- v C
2
H
5
-)
Vy 2 axit l CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
COOH.
C 58: Ch hn h t ki i n, C, Sn n nh t n ht i n n h
HC n, nn th n h Y kh H
2
C n n h Y th 8,98 i khn N h hn
h t n hn tn i O
2
( t hn h 3 it th th th kh O
2
(kt hn n
A. 2,016 lt. B. 0,672 lt. C. 1,344 lt. D. 1,008 lt.
3 kim loi vi HCl long nng u b oxi ha thnh s oxi ha +2. Cn khi tc dng O
2
, Zn to +2, Cr to +3, Sn to +4.
- Gi s mol mi kim loi l a (mol) th:
2
65 52 119
3 .( 71) 8, 98 0, 02
3
MCl
m a a
+ +
= + = => =
.
- Bo ton (e) cho qu trnh tc dng O
2
:
2
2.0, 02 3.0, 02 4.0, 02
0, 045( ) 1, 008( )
4
O
n mol lit
+ +
= = <=>
=>B.
C 59: Th n hn h n ti n Y h t 2 nkn t h n i n th n n
inh t n n n 53 n n n inh t n ki An Y
A. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH(OH)-CH
3
. B. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH.
C. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH. D. CH
3
-CH(OH)-CH
3
.
C
2
H
5
OH 3 H
2
O nn H
2
O do ancol Y to ra l 5 mol c 10H vy ancol l C
4
H
10
O, loi C, D.
Do tch nc ch to 1 anken nn Y l ancol bc 1 (u mch) . Chn B.
C 60: t n n: N
2
O
4
(k) 2NO
2
(k 25
0
C hi hn h n t tn thi n n i n nn
N
2
O
4
tn n 9 n th nn NO
2

A tn 9 n tn 3 n C tn 4,5 n D. i 3 n
2
2
2 2 4
2 4
[ ]
[ ] .[ ]
[ ]
C C
NO
K NO K N O a
N O
= => = =
. Khi [N
2
O
4
] tng 9 ln th
2 2 4
[ ] .9.[ ]
C
NO K N O = =3a =>B.
Trang 1/6 M 174
B GIO DC V O TO

CHNH THC
( thi c 06 trang)
THI TUYN SINH I HC NM 2010
Mn thi : HA HC; Khi B
Thi gian lm bi : 90 pht, khng k thi gian pht

Ho, tn th sinh:
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t :
H = 1, Be =9, C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; P = 31, S = 32; Cl = 35,5;
K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52, Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Sr = 88, Ag=108; Ba = 137, Pb=207.

I. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40)

Cu 1 : Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C
6
H
10
O
4
. Thy phn X to ra hai ancol n
chc c s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t gp i nhau. Cng thc ca X l
A. CH
3
OCO-CH
2
-COOC
2
H
5
. B. C
2
H
5
OCO-COOCH
3
.
C. CH
3
OCO-COOC
3
H
7
. D. CH
3
OCO-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOC
2
H
5
.
Gii: Ch c este to thnh t 2 ancol: CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH tha mn
Cu 2: Nung 2,23 gam hn hp X gm cc kim loi Fe, Al, Zn, Mg trong oxi, sau mt thi gian thu
c 2,71 gam hn hp Y. Ha tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HNO
3
(d), thu c 0,672 lt kh NO
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). S mol HNO
3
phn ng l
A. 0,12 . B. 0,14. C. 0,16. D. 0,18.
Gii: Ta c: n
HNO3
= 2n
O (oxit)
+ 4n
NO
=
16
) 23 , 2 71 , 2 (
.2 + 4.
4 , 22
672 , 0
= 0,18 mol
Cu 3: Hn hp X gm axit panmitic, axit stearic v axit linoleic. trung ha m gam X cn 40 ml
dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton m gam X th thu c 15,232 lt kh CO
2

(ktc) v 11,7 gam H
2
O. S mol ca axit linoleic trong m gam hn hp X l
A. 0,015. B. 0,010. C. 0,020. D. 0,005.
Gii: Ta c: axit panmitic, axit stearic no n chc nn khi chy to n
H2O
= n
CO2
cn axit linoleic
khng no c 2 lin kt i trong gc HC v n chc nn khi chy cho: 2n
axit
= n
CO2
- n
H2O
.
n
axit linoleic
= (0,68 0,65)/2 = 0,015 mol
Cu 4: Phng php loi b tp cht HCl c ln trong kh H
2
S l: Cho hn hp kh li t t qua mt
lng d dung dch
A. Pb(NO
3
)
2
. B. NaHS. C. AgNO
3
. D. NaOH.
Gii: Dng NaHS. V cc cht cn li u tc dng vi H
2
S
Cu 5: Pht biu no sau y khng ng khi so snh tnh cht ha hc ca nhm v crom?
A. Nhm v crom u b th ng ha trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
c ngui.
B. Nhm c tnh kh mnh hn crom.
C. Nhm v crom u phn ng vi dung dch HCl theo cng t l v s mol.
D. Nhm v crom u bn trong khng kh v trong nc.
Gii: Al tc dng vi HCl to AlCl
3
cn Cr tc dng vi HCl to CrCl
2

Cu 6: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y c cng cng thc phn t l C
3
H
7
NO
2
, u l cht rn iu kin
thng. Cht X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, gii phng kh. Cht Y c phn ng trng ngng. Cc
cht X v Y ln lt l
A. vinylamoni fomat v amoni acrylat.
B. amoni acrylat v axit 2-aminopropionic.
C. axit 2-aminopropionic v amoni acrylat.
D. axit 2-aminopropionic v axit 3-aminopropionic.
Gii: CH
2
=CH-COONH
4
(tc dng NaOH to kh NH
3
) v CH
3
-CH(NH
2
)-COOH c phn ng
trng ngng
Cu 7: Kh hon ton m gam oxit M
x
O
y
cn va 17,92 lt kh CO (ktc), thu c a gam kim loi
M. Ha tan ht a gam M bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng (d), thu c 20,16 lt kh SO
2
(sn phm
kh duy nht, ktc). Oxit M
x
O
y
l
A. Cr
2
O
3
. B. FeO. C. Fe
3
O
4
. D. CrO.
Gii: Gi s M M
x +
M
+m
. (+x l s oxi ha ca M trong oxit, +m l s oxi ha ca M
trong mui sunfat).
M thi 174
Trang 2/6 M 174
Ta c: n
electron ion kim loi trong oxit nhn
= 2n
CO
= 1,6 mol (khi tc dng vi CO)
n
electron kim loi nhng
= 2n
SO2
= 1,8 mol (khi tc dng vi H
2
SO
4
c nng)

m
x
=
9
8
. Ch c cp m = 3; x = 8/3 tha mn.

Cu 8: Cho dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2
ln lt vo cc dung dch: CaCl
2
, Ca(NO
3
)
2
, NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
,
KHSO
4
, Na
2
SO
4
, Ca(OH)
2
, H
2
SO
4
, HCl. S trng hp c to ra kt ta l
A. 4. B. 7. C. 5. D. 6.
Gii: Ba(HCO
3
)
2
tc dng vi cc cht to kt ta l: NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
, KHSO
4
, Na
2
SO
4
, Ca(OH)
2
,
H
2
SO
4
.
Cu 9: ipeptit mch h X v tripeptit mch h Y u c to nn t mt aminoaxit (no, mch h,
trong phn t cha mt nhm NH
2
v mt nhm COOH). t chy hon ton 0,1 mol Y, thu c
tng khi lng CO
2
v H
2
O bng 54,9 gam. t chy hon ton 0,2 mol X, sn phm thu c cho li
t t qua nc vi trong d, to ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 120. B. 60. C. 30. D. 45.
Gii: Gi CT ca amino axit l: C
n
H
2n+1
NO
2
CT ca X l: C
2n
H
4n
N
2
O
3

CT ca Y l: C
3n
H
6n-1
N
3
O
4
C
3n
H
6n-7
N
3
O
4

+
2
O
3nCO
2
+ (3n -3,5)H
2
O + 1,5N
2

0,1 0,3n (3n-3,5).0,1
0,3n.44 + (3n-0,5).0,1.18 = 54,9 n = 3.
Vy khi t chy: C
2n
H
4n
N
2
O
3

+
2
O
2nCO
2

0,2 mol 1,2 mol
m = 1,2 .100 = 120 gam
Cu 10: Hn hp Z gm hai axit cacboxylic n chc X v Y (M
X
> M
Y
) c tng khi lng l 8,2
gam. Cho Z tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, thu c dung dch cha 11,5 gam mui. Mt khc,
nu cho Z tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc
v phn trm khi lng ca X trong Z l
A. C
3
H
5
COOH v 54,88%. B. C
2
H
3
COOH v 43,90%.
C. C
2
H
5
COOH v 56,10%. D. HCOOH v 45,12%.
Gii: n
hn hp axit
= (11,5-8,2)/22 = 0,15 mol
n
HCOOH
= n
Ag
= 0,1 mol
0,1.46 + 0,05.(R + 45) = 8,2 R = 27 (C
2
H
3
). Vy axit X: C
2
H
3
COOH ( 43,90%)
Cu 11: Cc cht m phn t khng phn cc l:
A. HBr, CO
2
, CH
4
. B. Cl
2
, CO
2
, C
2
H
2
.
C. NH
3
, Br
2
, C
2
H
4
. D. HCl, C
2
H
2
, Br
2
.
Gii: Cl
2
( 0 = A_ ), CO
2
v C
2
H
2
c lai ha sp
Cu 12: Mt ion M
3+
c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 79, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn
s ht khng mang in l 19. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M l
A. [Ar]3d
5
4s
1
. B. [Ar]3d
6
4s
2
. C. [Ar]3d
6
4s
1
. D. [Ar]3d
3
4s
2
.
Cu 13: Hn hp kh X gm mt ankan v mt anken. T khi ca X so vi H
2
bng 11,25. t chy
hon ton 4,48 lt X, thu c 6,72 lt CO
2
(cc th tch kh o ktc). Cng thc ca ankan v anken
ln lt l
A. CH
4
v C
2
H
4
. B. C
2
H
6
v C
2
H
4
. C. CH
4
v C
3
H
6
. D. CH
4
v C
4
H
8
.
Gii: M
X
=

22,5

. Nn ankan l CH
4
. m
H
= m
X
- m
C
= 0,9gam

n
H2O
=0,45 mol
n
CH4
= 0,45 0,3 = 0,15 mol n
anken
= 0,2 0,15 = 0,05 mol.
Gi CTPT anken: CnH2n (n>

2) n = 3 (C
3
H
6
)

Cu 14: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Trong cc dung dch: HCl, H
2
SO
4
, H
2
S c cng nng 0,01M, dung dch H
2
S c pH ln
nht.
B. Nh dung dch NH
3
t t ti d vo dung dch CuSO
4
, thu c kt ta xanh.
C. Dung dch Na
2
CO
3
lm phenolphtalein khng mu chuyn sang mu hng.
D. Nh dung dch NH
3
t t ti d vo dung dch AlCl
3
, thu c kt ta trng.
Gii: Kt ta xanh sau tan to dung dch mu xanh lam thm khi NH
3
d
Cu 15: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi H
2
(xc tc Ni, t
0
) to ra sn phm c kh nng phn ng
vi Na l:
A. C
2
H
3
CH
2
OH, CH
3
COCH
3
, C
2
H
3
COOH. B. C
2
H
3
CHO, CH
3
COOC
2
H
3
, C
6
H
5
COOH.
C. C
2
H
3
CH
2
OH, CH
3
CHO, CH
3
COOH. D. CH
3
OC
2
H
5
, CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
3
COOH.
Trang 3/6 M 174
Cu 16: Mt loi phn supephotphat kp c cha 69,62% mui canxi ihirophotphat, cn li gm cc
cht khng cha photpho. dinh dng ca loi phn ln ny l
A. 48,52%. B. 42,25%. C. 39,76%. D. 45,75%.
Gii: Gi s c 100 gam phn supephotphat kp c: Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
P
2
O
5

234 gam 142 gam
69,62 gam 42.25 gam
Cu 17: Cho 13,74 gam 2,4,6-trinitrophenol vo bnh kn ri nung nng nhit cao. Sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton, thu c x mol hn hp kh gm: CO
2
, CO, N
2
v H
2
. Gi tr ca x l
A. 0,60. B. 0,36. C. 0,54. D. 0,45.
Gii: C
6
H
3
N
3
O
7

0
t
CO
2
+ 5CO + 1,5N
2
+ 1,5H
2

0,06 0,06 0,3 0,09 0,09 x = 0,54 mol
Cu 18: Hn hp X gm 1 ancol v 2 sn phm hp nc ca propen. T khi hi ca X so vi hiro
bng 23. Cho m gam X i qua ng s ng CuO (d) nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c hn hp Y gm 3 cht hu c v hi nc, khi lng ng s gim 3,2 gam. Cho Y tc
dng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, to ra 48,6 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng
ca propan-1-ol trong X l
A. 65,2%. B. 16,3%. C. 48,9%. D. 83,7%.
Gii: M
X
= 46 2 anol CH
3
OH v C
3
H
7
OH (c 2 ng phn) v n
CH3OH
= n
C3H7OH
).
Ta c: n
hn hp ancol
= 0,2 mol
Gi s mol: propan-1-ol (x mol)
propan-2-ol (y mol)
HCHO (x+y)
3 3
/NH AgNO
4(x+y)
C
2
H
5
CHO x
3 3
/NH AgNO
2x

= +
= +
225 , 0 2 3
1 , 0
y x
y x

=
=
075 , 0
025 , 0
y
x
%m
propan-1-ol
= 16,3 %

Cu 19: Cho phn ng: 2C
6
H
5
-CHO + KOH C
6
H
5
-COOK + C
6
H
5
-CH
2
-OH
Phn ng ny chng t C
6
H
5
-CHO
A. va th hin tnh oxi ha, va th hin tnh kh.
B. ch th hin tnh oxi ha.
C. ch th hin tnh kh.
D. khng th hin tnh kh v tnh oxi ha.
Gii: 2C
6
H
5
-
1
C
+
HO + KOH C
6
H
5
-
3
C
+
OOK + C
6
H
5
-
-1
C H
2
-OH
Cu 20: Ha tan hon ton 2,44 gam hn hp bt X gm Fe
x
O
y
v Cu bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng
(d). Sau phn ng thu c 0,504 lt kh SO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch cha 6,6
gam hn hp mui sunfat. Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
A. 39,34%. B. 65,57%. C. 26,23%. D. 13,11%.
Gii: 2,44 gam X gm Fe
x
O
y
v Cu c th to ra ti a:
Hn hp Fe
2
O
3
v CuO c khi lng: 2,44 +
4 , 22
504 , 0
.16 = 2,8 gam
Gi: s mol Fe
2
O
3
x Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
x
CuO y CuSO
4
y
Ta c:
= +
= +
6 , 6 160 400
8 , 2 80 160
y x
y x

=
=
01 , 0
0125 , 0
y
x
%m
Cu
= 26,23 %

Cu 21: in phn (vi in cc tr) 200 ml dung dch CuSO
4
nng x mol/l, sau mt thi gian thu
c dung dch Y vn cn mu xanh, c khi lng gim 8g so vi dung dch ban u. Cho 16,8g bt
Fe vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 12,4g kim loi. Gi tr ca x l
A. 2,25 B. 1,5 C. 1,25 D. 3,25
Gii: CuSO
4
+ H
2
O
pdd
Cu + H
2
SO
4
+ O
2
(1)
a a a a 64a + 16a = 8 a = 0,1 mol
n
Fe
= 0,3 mol
Fe + H
2
SO
4
FeSO
4
+ H
2
(2)

0,1 0,1
Trang 4/6 M 174
Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu (3)
0,2x -0,1 0,2x -0,1 0,2x -0,1
Ta c: m
kim loi
= m
Cu

(3)
+ m
Fe d
= (0,2x 0,1).64 + (0,3-0,2x ).56 = 12,4 x = 1,25
Cu 22: Trn 10,8g bt Al vi 34,8g bt Fe
3
O
4
ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm trong iu kin
khng c khng kh. Ho tan hon ton hn hp rn sau phn ng bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
long (d) thu
c 10,752 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Hiu sut ca phn ng nhit nhm l
A. 80% B. 90% C. 70% D. 60%
Gii: 8Al + 3Fe
3
O
4
4Al
2
O
3
+ 9Fe
0,4 0,15
8x 3x 4x 9x
(0,4-8x) (0,15-3x) 4x 9x
Khi phn ng vi H
2
SO
4
long
Ta c: (0,4-8x).3 + 9x .2 = 0,48.2 x = 0,04 mol H phn ng =
4 , 0
8 . 04 , 0
.100 = 80%
Cu 23: Hn hp M gm anhit X (no, n chc, mch h) v hircacbon Y, c tng s mol l 0,2
(s mol ca X nh hn ca Y). t chy hon ton M, thu c 8,96 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 7,2g H
2
O.
Hircacbon Y l
A. CH
4
B. C
2
H
2
C. C
3
H
6
D. C
2
H
4
Gii: Ta c: n
H2O
= n
CO2
= 0,4 mol HC l anken hoc xicloankan.
Mt khc s nguyn t C
TB
= n
CO2
/n
M
= 2. Nn X c th l HCHO v Y l C
3
H
6
( loi do n
X
<n
Y
)
Hoc X l CH
3
CHO v Y l C
2
H
4

Cu 24: Cc dung dch phn ng c vi Cu(OH)
2
nhit thng l
A. glixeron, axit axetic, glucoz B. lng trng trng, fructoz, axeton
C. anhit axetic, saccaroz, axit axetic D. fructoz, axit acrylic, ancol etylic
Gii: glixeron, glucoz th hin tnh cht ca ancol a chc cn axit axetic th hin tnh axit
Cu 25: Cho dung dch X cha KMnO
4
v H
2
SO
4
(long) ln lt vo cc dung dch : FeCl
2
, FeSO
4
,
CuSO
4
, MgSO
4
, H
2
S, HCl (c). S trng hp c xy ra phn ng oxi ho - kh l
A. 3 B. 5 C. 4 D. 6
Gii: FeCl
2
, FeSO
4
, H
2
S, HCl c
Cu 26: Cc cht u khng b thu phn trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, nng l
A. t capron; nilon-6,6, polietylen
B. poli (vinyl axetat); polietilen, cao su buna
C. nilon-6,6; poli(etylen-terephtalat); polistiren
D. polietylen; cao su buna; polistiren
Cu 27: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt amin no, mch h X bng oxi va thu c 0,5 mol hn
hp Y gm kh v hi. Cho 4,6g X tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), s mol HCl phn ng l
A. 0,1 B. 0,4 C. 0,3 D. 0,2
Gii : Gi CT ca amin: C
n
H
2n+x
N
x

C
n
H
2n+2+ x
N
x

+
2
O
nCO
2
+ (n + 1+ 0,5x)H
2
O + 0,5xN
2

0,1 0,1n (n + 1+ 0,5x).0,1 0,5x.0,1
0,2n + 0,1 + 0,1x = 0,5 2n + x = 4 n = 1; x = 2 tha mn:
n
HCl
= 2n
CH6N2
= 0,2 mol
Cu 28: Cho 150 ml dung dch KOH 1,2M tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch AlCl
3
nng x mol/l, thu
c dung dch Y v 4,68 gam kt ta. Loi b kt ta, thm tip 175 ml dung dch KOH 1,2M vo Y,
thu c 2,34 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 1,2 B. 0,8 C. 0,9 D. 1,0
Gii: Al
3+
+ OH
Al(OH)
3
+ Al(OH)
4

0,1x 0,39 0,09 (0,1x -0,09)
0,39 = 0,09.3 + (0,1x 0,09).4 x = 1,2 M
Cu 29: Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?
A. Dung dch m c ca Na
2
SiO
3
v K
2
SiO
3
c gi l thu tinh lng
B. m chy magie c th c dp tt bng ct kh
C. CF
2
Cl
2
b cm s dng do khi thi ra kh quyn th ph hu tng ozon
D. Trong phng th nghim, N
2
c iu ch bng cch un nng dung dch NH
4
NO
2
bo ho
Gii: 2Mg + SiO
2

0
t
Si + 2MgO
Trang 5/6 M 174
Cu 30: C 4 dung dch ring bit: CuSO
4
, ZnCl
2
, FeCl
3
, AgNO
3
. Nhng vo mi dung dch mt thanh
Ni. S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho l
A. 1 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2
Gii: CuSO
4
v AgNO
3

Cu 31: Thu phn este Z trong mi trng axit thu c hai cht hu c X v Y (M
X
< M
Y
). Bng
mt phn ng c th chuyn ho X thnh Y. Cht Z khng th l
A. metyl propionat B. metyl axetat
C. etyl axetat D. vinyl axetat
Cu 32: Tng s hp cht hu c no, n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C
5
H
10
O
2
, phn
ng c vi dung dch NaOH nhng khng c phn ng trng bc l
A. 4 B. 5 C. 8 D. 9
Gii: axit : CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
COOH ; CH
3
CH
2
CH(CH
3
)COOH ; CH
3
CH(CH
3
)CH
2
COOH ;
CH
3
C(CH
3
)
2
COOH
Este : CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COOCH
3
; CH
3
CH(CH
3
)COOCH
3
; CH
3
CH
2
COOC
2
H
5

CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
; CH
3
COOCH(CH
3
)
2

Cu 33: Ho tan hon ton 2,45 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim th vo 200 ml dung dch HCl
1,25M, thu c dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng mol bng nhau. Hai kim loi trong X l
A. Mg v Ca B. Be v Mg C. Mg v Sr D. Be v Ca
Gii: V dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng bng nhau s mol 2 kim loi kim th bng
nhau = n
HCl d
(nu c). n
HCl
= 0,25 mol
M + 2HCl MCl
2
+ H
2
a 2a a
Ta c : n
HCl d
= a 0,25 2a= a a = 0,1 M = 24,5 =
2
40 9 +
. Nn 2 kim loi l Be v Ca
Cu 34: Cho cc cn bng sau
(I) 2HI (k) H
2
(k) + I
2
(k) ;
(II) CaCO
3
(r) CaO (r) + CO
2
(k) ;
(III) FeO (r) + CO (k) Fe (r) + CO
2
(k) ;
(IV) 2SO
2
(k) + O
2
(k) 2SO
3
(k)
Khi gim p sut ca h, s cn bng b chuyn dch theo chiu nghch l
A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1
Gii: (II) CaCO
3
(r) CaO (r) + CO
2
(k)
Cu 35: Cho s chuyn ho :

3 4
2 5
H PO KOH KOH
PO X Y Z
+ + +

Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l :
A. K
3
PO
4
, K
2
HPO
4
, KH
2
PO
4
B. KH
2
PO
4
, K
2
HPO
4
, K
3
PO
4
C. K
3
PO
4
, KH
2
PO
4
, K
2
HPO
4
D. KH
2
PO
4
, K
3
PO
4
, K
2
HPO
4

Cu 36: t chy hon ton m gam FeS
2
bng mt lng O
2
va , thu c kh X. Hp th ht X
vo 1 lt dung dch cha Ba(OH)
2
0,15M v KOH 0,1M, thu c dung dch Y v 21,7 gam kt ta.
Cho Y vo dung dch NaOH, thy xut hin thm kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 23,2 B. 12,6 C. 18,0 D. 24,0
Gii: Y cho NaOH thy xut hin thm kt ta Y c HSO
3
. n = 0,1 mol < n
+ 2
Ba
= 0,15 mol
SO
2
+ OH
SO
2
3
+ HSO
3

0,3 0,4 0,1 0,2
n
FeS2
= 0,15 mol m = 18 gam
Cu 37: Cho s chuyn ho sau

0 0
2
0
3
H ,t xt,t Z
2 2 Pd,PbCO
t ,xt ,p
C H X Y Caosu buna N
+ +

Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l :
A. benzen; xiclohexan; amoniac B. axetanehit; ancol etylic; buta-1,3-ien
C. vinylaxetilen; buta-1,3-ien; stiren D. vinylaxetilen; buta-1,3-ien; acrilonitrin
Gii: Z l CH
2
=CHCN (acrilonitrin). Ch c p n D tha mn
Cu 38: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp X gm 2 ancol (u no, a chc, mch h, c cng s
nhm -OH) cn va V lt kh O
2
, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO
2
va 12,6 gam H
2
O (cc th tch kh o
ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 14,56 B. 15,68 C. 11,20 D. 4,48

Trang 6/6 M 174
Gii: n
ancol
= n
H2O
n
CO2
= 0,2 mol. S nguyn t C
TB
= n
CO2
/n ancol =2,5. mt ancol l
C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
.
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t oxi
n
O2
= (2. 0,5 + 0,7 0,2.2) = 0,65 mol V = 14,56 lt
Cu 39: Hn hp X gm alanin v axit glutamic. Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch
NaOH (d), thu c dung dch Y cha (m+30,8) gam mui. Mt khc, nu cho m gam X tc dng
hon ton vi dung dch HCl, thu c dung dch Z cha (m+36,5) gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 112,2 B. 165,6 C. 123,8 D. 171,0
Gii: Gi s mol: ala x
Glu y
+ Tc dng NaOH ta c: x + 2y = 1,4 (*)
+ Tc dng HCl ta c: x + y = 1 (2*)
Gii (*), (2*) x = 0,6 mol; y = 0,4 mol m = 0,6. 89 + 0,4. 147 = 112,2 gam
Cu 40: Trong cc cht : xiclopropan, benzen, stiren, metyl acrylat, vinyl axetat, imetyl ete, s cht c
kh nng lm mt mu nc brom l
A. 5 B. 4 C. 6 D. 3

Gii: xiclopropan, stiren, metyl acrylat, vinyl axetat.
II. PHN RING [ 10 cu ]
Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn (phn A hoc B)

Cu 41: Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Khi un C
2
H
5
Br vi dung dch KOH ch thu c etilen
B. Dung dch phenol lm phenolphtalein khng mu chuyn thnh mu hng
C. Dy cc cht : C
2
H
5
Cl, C
2
H
5
Br, C
2
H
5
I c nhit si tng dn t tri sang phi
D. un ancol etylic 140
0
C (xc tc H
2
SO
4
c) thu c imetyl ete
Gii: Do M tng dn
Cu 42: Cho cc cp cht vi t l s mol tng ng nh sau :
(a) Fe
3
O
4
v Cu (1:1) (b) Sn v Zn (2:1) (c) Zn v Cu (1:1)
(d) Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v Cu (1:1) (e) FeCl
2
v Cu (2:1) (g) FeCl
3
v Cu (1:1)
S cp cht tan hon ton trong mt lng d dung dch HCl long nng l
A. 4 B. 2 C. 3 D. 5
Gii: (a) Fe
3
O
4
v Cu (1:1) (b) Sn v Zn (2:1) (d) Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v Cu (1:1)
Cu 43: C bao nhiu cht hu c mch h dng iu ch 4-metylpentan-2-ol ch bng phn ng
cng H
2
(xc tc Ni, t
0
)?
A. 3 B. 5 C. 2 D. 4
Gii:
CH
2
=CH(CH
3
)CH
2
CH(OH)CH
3
; (CH
3
)
2
CH=CHCH(OH)CH
3
; CH
2
=CH(CH
3
)CH
2
COCH
3
;
(CH
3
)
2
CH=CHCOCH
3
; CH
3
)
2
CH
2
CH
2
COCH
3

Cu 44: Hn hp M gm axit cacboxylic X, ancol Y (u n chc, s mol X gp hai ln s mol Y) v
este Z c to ra t X v Y. Cho mt lng M tc dng va vi dung dch cha 0,2 mol NaOH, to
ra 16,4 gam mui v 8,05 gam ancol. Cng thc ca X v Y l
A. HCOOH v CH
3
OH B. CH
3
COOH v CH
3
OH
C. HCOOH v C
3
H
7
OH D. CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
OH
Gii: gi s mol: RCOOH a
ROH a
RCOOR b
Theo gi thit: n
RCOONa
= a + b = 0,2 mol. M
RCOONa
= 82 R = 15. (CH
3
). X l CH
3
COOH
Loi p n: A v C. (a + b) < n
ROH
= a + b < a + b 0,1 < n
ROH
< 0,2
40,25 < M
ancol
< 80,5. Loi p n B.
Cu 45: Dung dch X cha cc ion: Ca
2+
, Na
+
,
3
HCO
v Cl
, trong s mol ca ionCl
l 0,1. Cho
1/2 dung dch X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2 gam kt ta. Cho 1/2 dung dch X cn
li phn ng vi dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(d), thu c 3 gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu un si n cn dung
dch X th thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,21 B. 9,26 C. 8,79 D. 7.47
Gii: T gi thit n
+ 2
Ca
= 2.0,02 = 0,04 mol; n
-
3
HCO
= 2.0,03 = 0,06 mol
Trang 7/6 M 174
p dng bo ton in tch n
+
Na
= 0,08 mol
Khi c cn xy ra phn ng: 2
3
HCO

0
t
CO
2
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
0,06 0,03
m = 0,04.40 + 0,08.23 + 0,03.60 + 0,1.35,5 = 8,79 gam

Cu 46: Hn hp X gm CuO v Fe
2
O
3
. Ho tan hon ton 44 gam X bng dung dch HCl (d), sau
phn ng thu c dung dch cha 85,25 gam mui. Mt khc, nu kh hon ton 22 gam X bng CO
(d), cho hn hp kh thu c sau phn ng li t t qua dung dch Ba(OH)
2
(d) th thu c m gam
kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 76,755 B. 73,875 C. 147,750 D. 78,875
Gii: Ta c: 2n
O
2-
(oxit)
= n
Cl
- = a (mol) (trong 44 gam X)
m
Cl
- - m
O
2-
= 41,25 a. 35,5 a.16 = 41,25 a = 1,5 mol
Trong 22 gam X c n
O
2-
(oxit)
= 0,375 mol n
BaCO3
= n
CO2
= 0,375 mol. m = 73,875 gam
Cu 47: Cho mt s nhn nh v nguyn nhn gy nhim mi trng khng kh nh sau :
(1) Do hot ng ca ni la
(2) Do kh thi cng nghip, kh thi sinh hot
(3) Do kh thi t cc phng tin giao thng
(4) Do kh sinh ra t qu trnh quang hp cy xanh
(5) Do nng cao ca cc ion kim loi : Pb
2+
, Hg
2+
, Mn
2+
, Cu
2+
trong cc ngun nc
Nhng nhn nh ng l :
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (2), (3), (5) C. (1), (2), (4) D. (2), (3), (4)
Cu 48: Thu phn hon ton 1 mol pentapeptit X, thu c 2 mol glyxin (Gly), 1 mol alanin (Ala), 1
mol valin (Val) v 1 mol Phenylalanin (Phe). Thu phn khng hon ton X thu c ipeptit Val-Phe
v tripeptit Gly-Ala-Val nhng khng thu c ipeptit Gly-Gly. Cht X c cng thc l
A. Gly-Phe-Gly-Ala-Val B. Gly-Ala-Val-Val-Phe
C. Gly-Ala-Val-Phe-Gly D. Val-Phe-Gly-Ala-Gly
Gii: pentapeptit X Gly + Ala + Val + Phe
1 mol 2 mol 1 mol 1 mol 1 mol
X thy phn Val-Phe + Gly-Ala-Val

Cu 49: Hn hp bt X gm Cu, Zn. t chy hon ton m gam X trong oxi (d), thu c 40,3 gam
hn hp gm CuO v ZnO. Mt khc, nu cho 0,25 mol X phn ng vi mt lng d dung dch KOH
long nng, th thu c 3,36 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
A. 19,81% B. 29,72% C. 39,63% D. 59,44%
Gii: Ta c n
Zn
= n
H2
= 0,15 mol n
Cu
= 0,1 mol n
Zn
/n
Cu
= 3/2
Gi s mol Zn 3x
Cu 2x 81.3x + 80.2x = 40,3 x = 0,1 mol %m
Cu
= 39,63%
Cu 50: Cho cc cht : (1) axit picric; (2) cumen; (3) xiclohexanol; (4) 1,2-ihiroxi-4-metylbenzen;
(5) 4-metylphenol; (6) o-naphtol. Cc cht thuc loi phenol l:
A. (1), (3), (5), (6) B. (1), (2), (4), (6) C. (1), (2), (4), (5) D. (1), (4), (5), (6)
Cu 51: Cho 0,3 mol bt Cu v 0,6 mol Fe(NO
3
)
2
vo dung dch cha 0,9 mol H
2
SO
4
(long). Sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 6,72 B. 8,96 C. 4,48 D. 10,08
Gii: 3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO + 4H
2
O (1)
0,3 0,8 0,2 0,2
3Fe
2+
+ 4H
+
+ NO
3
3Fe
3+
+ NO + 2H
2
O (2)
0,6 1,0 1,0 0,2
T (1), (2) n
NO
= 0,4 mol V = 8,96 lt
Cu 52: Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?
A. Trong mi trng kim, mui Cr(III) c tnh kh v b cc cht oxi ho mnh chuyn thnh
mui Cr(VI).
B. Do Pb
2+
/Pb ng trc 2H
+
/H
2
trong dy in ho nn Pb d dng phn ng vi dung
dch HCl long ngui, gii phng kh H
2
.
C. CuO nung nng khi tc dng vi NH
3
hoc CO, u thu c Cu
Trang 8/6 M 174
D. Ag khng phn ng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long nhng phn ng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
c
nng.
Cu 53: Dung dch axit fomic 0,007M c pH = 3. Kt lun no sau y khng ng?
A. Khi pha long 10 ln dung dch trn th thu c dung dch c pH = 4.
B. in li ca axit fomic s gim khi thm dung dch HCl.
C. Khi pha lang dung dch trn th in li ca axit fomic tng.
D. in li ca axit fomic trong dung dch trn l 14,29%.
Gii. HCOOH l axit yu ph thuc vo Ka.
Cu 54: Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C
5
H
10
O. Cht X khng phn ng vi Na,
tha mn s chuyn ha sau:

3 2
0
2 4
, c ,
+ +

CH COOH H
H SO a Ni t
X Y Este c mi mui chn.
Tn ca X l
A. pentanal B. 2 metylbutanal
C. 2,2 imetylpropanal. D. 3 metylbutanal.
Cu 55: nh gi s nhim kim loi nng trong nc thi ca mt nh my, ngi ta ly mt t
nc, c c ri thm dung dch Na
2
S vo thy xut hin kt ta mu vng. Hin tng trn chng t
nc thi b nhim bi ion
A. Fe
2+
. B. Cu
2+
. C. Pb
2+
. D. Cd
2+
.
Gii: Cd
2+
+ S
2-
CdS vng
Cu 56: Cho s phn ng:
2 2
0 0
,
+ +
+ + +

H O Br CuO
H t t H
Stiren X Y Z
Trong X, Y, Z u l cc sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. C
6
H
5
CHOHCH
3
, C
6
H
5
COCH
3
, C
6
H
5
COCH
2
Br.
B. C
6
H
5
CH
2
CH
2
OH, C
6
H
5
CH
2
CHO, C
6
H
5
CH
2
COOH.
C. C
6
H
5
CH
2
CH
2
OH, C
6
H
5
CH
2
CHO, m-BrC
6
H
4
CH
2
COOH
D. C
6
H
5
CHOHCH
3
, C
6
H
5
COCH
3
, m-BrC
6
H
4
COCH
3
.
Cu 57: Trung ha han tan 8,88 gam mt amin (bc mt, mch cacbon khng phn nhnh) bng axit
HCl, to ra 17,64 gam mui. Amin c cng thc l
A. H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
. B. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
.
C. H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
NH
2
D. H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
.
Gii: Ta c : n
HCl
=

0,24 mol ; Gi CT ca amin R(NH
2
)
2
R(NH
2
)
2
+ 2HCl R(NH
3
Cl)
2

0,12 0,24 R = 42 (C
3
H
6
)
Cu 58: Cho s chuyn ha:
Fe
3
O
4
+ dung dch HI (d) X + Y + H
2
O
Bit X v Y l sn phm cui cng ca qu trnh chuyn ha. Cc cht X v Y l
A. Fe v I
2
. B. FeI
3
v FeI
2
. C. FeI
2
v I
2.
D. FeI
3
v I
2
.
Gii: Do HI c tnh kh cn Fe
3+
c tnh oxi ha
Cu 59: t chy han tan m gam hn hp X gm ba ancol (n chc, thuc cng dy ng ng),
thu c 8,96 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 11,7 gam H
2
O. Mt khc, nu un nng m gam X vi H
2
SO
4
c th
tng khi lng ete ti a thu c l
Gii: n
CO2
= 0,4 mol < n
H2O
= 0,65 mol. Gi CT chung ancol l: C
n
H
2 n 2 +
O; n
X
= 0,25 mol
n = 1,6 m = 10,1 gam.
p dng bo ton khi lng: m
ancol
= m
ete
+ m
H2O
m
ete
= 10,1
2
25 , 0
.18 = 7,85 gam
Cu 60: Cht X c cc c im sau: phn t c nhiu nhm OH, c v ngt, ha tan Cu(OH)
2
nhit
thng, phn t c lin kt glicozit, lm mt mu nc brom. Cht X l
A. xenluloz B. mantoz C. glucoz D. Saccaroz

------------- HT-------------

Trn y l mt s hng tm ra p n ca cc cu hi m nhiu khi
khng nht thit phi gii ra p s

Trang 9/6 M 174

HNG DN GII CHI TIT THI TUYN SINH I HC NM 2011
MN HA KHI A

Cho bit nguyn t khi ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52;
Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Ag = 108.

I. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40)
Cu 1: un nng m gam hn hp Cu v Fe c t l khi lng tng ng 7 : 3 vi mt lng dung dch
HNO
3
. Khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu dc 0,75 m gam cht rn, dung dch X v 5,6 lt hn hp kh
(ktc) gm NO v NO
2
(khng c sn phm kh khc ca N
+5
). Bit lng HNO
3
phn ng l 44,1
gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 44,8. B. 33,6. C. 40,5. D. 50,4.
S bi ton:

* Cch 1:
Th t phn ng: Fe phn ng trc, Cu phn ng sau.
Theo bi ta c, 0,7m gam Cu v 0,3m gam Fe. Ta thy, m
rn
= 0,75m gam => Cu cha phn ng, Fe phn
ng mt phn v cn d 0,75m 0,7m = 0,05m (g). => m
Fe p
= 0,3m 0,05m = 0,25m (g).
=> Dung dch X ch cha Fe(NO
3
)
2
.
Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t N:
3 3 2 2
HNO Fe(NO ) (NO, NO )
n = 2n + n
=>
3 2
Fe(NO )
0, 7 0, 25
n 0, 225 mol
2
= =
Fe Fe(NO
3
)
2

0,225 mol 0,225 mol
=> 0,25m = 0,225.56 => m = 50,4 gam.
=> p n D.

m gam
Cu: 0,7m (g)
Fe: 0,3m (g)
+ 0,7 mol HNO
3

0,75m gam rn
Dung dch X + 0,25 mol (NO, NO
2
)
M thi 758

* Cch 2: Da v phng trnh ion electron v nh lut bo ton electron.

3 2
NO + 4H + 3e NO + 2H O
+

4x3x.. x

3 2 2
NO + 2H + 1e NO + H O
+

2yy.... y

=>

=> n
e nhn
= n
e nhng
= 3.0,1 + 0,15 = 0,45 mol
Fe Fe
2+
+ 2e
0,225 mol 0,45 mol
=> 0,25m = 0,225.56 => m = 50,4 gam.
=> p n D.
Cu 2: t chy hon ton 3,42 gam hn hp gm axit acrylic, vinyl axetat, metyl acrylat v axit oleic,
ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(d). Sau phn ng thu c 18 gam kt ta v
dung dch X. Khi lng X so vi khi lng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
ban u thay i nh th no?
A. Tng 2,70 gam. B. Gim 7,74 gam. C. Tng 7,92 gam. D. Gim 7,38 gam.
* Cch 1: Nhn thy: Axit acrylic (CH
2
=CHCOOH), Vinyl axetat (CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
), Metyl acrylat
(CH
2
=CHCOOCH
3
), Axit oleic (C
17
H
33
COOH) u c cng thc chung:
2
n 2n 2
C H O

2 2 2
n 2n 2
C H O nCO + (n 1)H O

0,18
n
0,18
=> M
hn hp
=
3, 42
14n + 30 = .n => n 6
0,18
= => n
hn hp
=
0,18
0, 03 mol
6
=
=>
2 2
H O CO hh
n n n 0,18 0, 03 0,15 mol = = =
=> Khi lng phn thm vo:
2 2
H O CO
m + m 0,15.18 0,18.44 10, 62 gam = + = < 18 gam (phn tch ra).
=> Khi lng dung dch gim: 18 10,62 = 7,38 gam.
=> p n D.
* Cch 2: Ta c n
hn hp
=
2 2
CO H O
n n = 0,18 x vi
2
H O
x = n
p dng bo ton khi lng: m
hn hp
= m
C
+ m
H
+ m
O
= 0,18.12 + 2x + (0,18 x)2 = 3,42 gam.
=> x = 0,15 mol
=> Khi lng phn thm vo:
2 2
H O CO
m + m 0,15.18 0,18.44 10, 62 gam = + = < 18 gam (phn tch ra)
=> Khi lng dung dch gim: 18 10,62 = 7,38 gam.
=> p n D.

Cu 3: Cho axit salixylic (axit 0-hidroxibenzoic) phn ng vi anhidrit axetic, thu c axit
axetylsalixylic (0-CH
3
COO-C
6
H
4
-COOH) dng lm thuc cm (aspirin). phn ng hon ton vi 43,2
gam axit axetylsalixylic cn va V lt dung dch KOH 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0.48. B. 0,72. C. 0,24. D. 0,96.
2
(NO, NO )
n x + y = 0,25 =
3
HNO
H
n n = 4x +2y = 0,7
+
=
=> x = 0,1 mol, y = 0,15 mol

axetylsalixylic
43, 2
n 0, 24 mol
180
= =
CH
3
COOC
6
H
4
COOH + 3KOH CH
3
COOK + KOC
6
H
4
COOK + 2H
2
O
0,24 mol 0,72 mol
=> V
KOH
= 0,72 lt => p n B.

Cu 4: Ha tan 13,68 gam mui MSO
4
vo nc c dung dch X. in phn X (vi in cc tr, cng
dng in khng i) trong thi gian t giy, c y gam kim loi M duy nht catot v 0,035 mol kh
anot. Cn nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th tng s mol kh thu c c hai in cc l 0,1245
mol. Gi tr ca y l
A. 4,788. B. 1,680. C. 4,480. D. 3,920.
S bi ton:

13,68 gam MSO
4
+ H
2
O

* Cch 1: Ti anot ch xy ra qu s oxi ha H
2
O: 2H
2
O 4e O
2
+ 4H
+

Trong thi gian t giy c 0,035 mol O
2
=> 2t giy c 0,035.2 = 0,07 mol O
2
.
Tng s mol kh thu c 2 in cc l 0,1245 mol => c 0,1245 0,07 = 0,0545 mol kh H
2
do s kh
nc catot.
* thi gian 2t giy:
Catot (-) MSO
4
Anot (+)
M
2+
, H
2
O H
2
O,
2
4
SO

M
2+
+ 2e M 2H
2
O 4H
+
+ O
2
+ 4e
x 2x 0,07 0,28
2H
2
O + 2e 2OH
-
+ H
2

0,109 0,0545

Bo ton electron: 2x + 0,109 = 0,28 => x = 0,0855 mol M
=> 0,0855(M + 96) = 13,68 => M = 64 (Cu).
* thi gian t giy:
Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu 2H
2
O 4H
+
+ O
2
+ 4e
0,14 0,07 0,035 0,14
m
Cu
= 0,07.64 = 4,48 gam.
=> p n C.

* Cch 2: Vit phng trnh phn ng
Bc 1: Tm M
+ Kh thot ra anot l O
2

+ t giy c 0,035 mol O
2
=> 2t giy c 0,035.2 = 0,07 mol O
2
.
+ Tng s mol kh thot ra 2 in cc trong 2t giy l 0,1245 mol => c 0,1245 0,07 = 0,0545 mol kh
H
2
do H
2
O b in phn.
pdd
t(s)
Y gam M (catot) + 0,035 mol kh (anot).
2t(s)
n
kh
= 0,1245 mol ( anot v catot).

MSO
4
+ H
2
O M +
1
2
O
2
+ H
2
SO
4
(1)
0,0855 0,07 0,02725 = 0,04275
H
2
O H
2
+
1
2
O
2
(2)
0,0545 0,02725
=>
4
MSO
m = 0,0855(M + 96) = 13,68 => M = 64(Cu)
Bc 2: Tnh m
t giy: MSO
4
+ H
2
O M +
1
2
O
2
+ H
2
SO
4
0,07 mol 0,035 mol
=> m = 0,07.64 = 4,48 gam.
=> p n C.

Cu 5: Cho dy cc cht: NaOH, Sn(OH)
2
, Pb(OH)
2
, Al(OH)
3
, Cr(OH)
3
. S cht trong dy c tnh cht
lng tnh l
A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. D. 4.

Cc cht c tnh cht lng tnh l: Sn(OH)
2
, Pb(OH)
2
, Al(OH)
3
, Cr(OH)
3
.
=> p n D.

Cu 6: Khi ni v peptit v protein, pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Lin kt ca nhm CO vi nhm NH gia hai n v - amino axit c gi l lin kt peptit.
B. Thy phn hon ton protein n gin thu c cc - amino axit.
C. Protein c phn ng mu biure vi Cu(OH)
2
.
D. Tt c cc protein u tan trong nc to thnh dung dch keo.

Protein c th tn ti 2 dng: dng hnh si v dng hnh cu:
- Dng hnh si: keratin ca tc, mng, sng,hon ton khng tan trong nc.
- Dng protein hnh cu: anbumin ca lng trng trng,tan c trong nc to dung dch keo.
=> p n D.
Cu 7: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau:
(1) Cho dung dch NaOH vo dung dch Ca(HCO
3
)
2
.
(2) Cho dung dch HCl ti d vo dung dch NaAlO
2
(hoc Na[Al(OH)
4
]).
(3) Sc kh H
2
S vo dung dch FeCl
2
.
(4) Sc kh NH
3
ti d vo dung dch AlCl
3.

(5) Sc kh CO
2
ti d vo dung dch NaAlO
2
(hoc Na[Al(OH)
4
]).
(6) Sc kh etilen vo dung dch KMnO
4
.
Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, c bao nhiu th nghim thu c kt ta?
A. 3. B. 5. C. 6. D. 4.

Cc th nghim c kt ta l:
(1) 2NaOH + Ca(HCO
3
)
2
CaCO
3
+ Na
2
CO
3
+ 2H
2
O
(2) NH
3
+ AlCl
3
+ H
2
O Al(OH)
3

+ NH
4
Cl
(3) CO
2
+ Na[Al(OH)
4
] Al(OH)
3
+ NaHCO
3

(4) 3CH
2
=CH
2
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 4H
2
O 3C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
+ 2MnO
2
+ 2KOH
=> p n D.

Cu 8: Dy gm cc cht u c th lm mt tnh cng tm thi ca nc l:
A. NaOH, Na
3
PO
4
, Na
2
CO
3
. B. HCl, NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
.
C. KCl, Ca(OH)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
. D. HCl, Ca(OH)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
.

Nc cng tm thi l nc cng cha cc ion: Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
,
3
HCO

=> C th dng mt trong cc cht sau lm mm nc cng: NaOH, Na
3
PO
4
, Na
2
CO
3.

=> p n A.

Cu 9: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Bn knh nguyn t ca clo ln hn bn knh nguyn t ca flo.
B. Tnh axit ca HF mnh hn tnh axit ca HCl.
C. m in ca brom ln hn m in ca iot.
D. Tnh kh ca ion Br
-
ln hn tnh kh ca ion Cl
-

Tnh axit ca axit halogenhiric tng dn theo th t: HF<<HCl < HF < HI.
=> p n B.
Cu 10: Phn chua c dng trong ngnh cng nghip thuc da, cng nghip giy, cht cm mu trong
ngnh nhum vi, cht lm trong nc. Cng thc ha hc ca phn chua l:
A. Li
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
).24H
2
O. B. Na
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O.
C. K
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O D. (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O.

Phn chua c cng thc: K
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O hay KAl(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O
=> p n C.

Cu 11: Sn phm hu c ca phn ng no sau y khng dng ch to t tng hp?
A. Trng hp vinyl xianua.
B. Trng ngng axit -aminocaproic.
C. Trng hp metyl metacrylat.
D. Trng ngng hexametyleniamin vi axit aipic.

- Trng hp vinyl xianua (acrilonnitrin): CH
2
=CHCN T nitron hay t olon.
- Trng ngng axit -aminocaproic: H
2
N(CH
2
)
5
COOH) T Nilon 6 hay t capron.
- Trng hp metyl metacrylat: CH
2
=C(CH
3
)COOCH
3
Poli metyl metacrylat hay plexiglas (thy tinh
hu c) dng lm cht do.
- Trng ngng hexametyleniamin (H
2
N (CH
2
)
6
NH
2
) vi axit aipic (HOOC(CH
2
)
4
COOH)
T Nilon 6,6.
=> p n C.

Cu 12: in phn dung dch gm 7,45 gam KCl v 28,2 gam Cu(NO
3
)
2
. (in cc tr, mng ngn xp)
n khi khi lng dung dch gimi 10,75 gam th ngng in phn (gi thit lng nc bay hi khng
ng k ). Tt c cc cht tan trong dung dch sau in phn l:
A. KNO
3
v KOH. B. KNO
3
, HNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
C. KNO
3
, KCl v KOH. D. KNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
.


KCl
7, 45
n 0,1 mol
74, 5
= =

3 2
Cu(NO )
28, 2
n 0,15 mol
188
= =
2KCl + Cu(NO
3
)
2
Cu + Cl
2
+ 2KNO
3
(1)
0,1 mol 0,05 mol 0,05 mol 0,05 mol
Khi lng dung dch gim chnh l khi lng kt ta v kh thot ra khi dung dch:
Sau (1): khi lng dung dch gim = 0,05.64 + 0,05.71 = 6,75 gam < 10,75 gam.
=> Cu(NO
3
)
2
tip tc b in phn.
2Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2H
2
O 2Cu + O
2
+ 4HNO
3
(2)
2x 2x x
Khi lng dung dch gim =
1 2
m + m = 6,75 + 64.2x + 32x = 10,75 => x = 0,025 mol.
Theo (1), (2): S mol Cu(NO
3
)
2
tham gia phn ng l 0,05 + 2.0,025 = 0,1 mol < 0,15 mol.
=> Trong dung dch sau phn ng c cc cht: KNO
3
, HNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
=> p n B.

Cu 13 : Chia hn hp X gm K, Al v Fe thnh hai phn bng nhau.
- Cho phn mt vo dung dch KOH (d) thu c 0,784 lt kh H
2
(ktc).
- Cho phn hai vo mt lng d H
2
O, thu c 0,448 lt kh H
2
(ktc) v m gam hn hp kim loi Y.
Ha tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HCl (d) thu c 0,56 lt kh H
2
(ktc).
Khi lng ( tnh theo gam) ca K, Al, Fe tnh trong mi phn hn hp X ln lt l :
A. 0,39 ; 0,54 ; 1,40. B. 0,78; 0,54; 1,12. C. 0,39; 0,54; 0,56. D. 0,78; 1,08; 0,56.

S bi ton:

1
2
X
K: a mol
Al: b mol
Fe: c mol
P
1
+ KOH d
P
2
+ KOH d
0,035 mol H
2

0,02 mol H
2

m gam kim loi + HCl d 0,025 mol H
2

phn 1: dung dch KOH d => Al v K u ht.
2 1 2 2
H (P ) H (P )
n < n => phn 2 cn d Al.
Gi a = n
Al
, b = n
Al,
c = n
Fe
trong mi phn ca X
- Phn 1 + KOH d:
K + H
2
O KOH +
1
2
H
2
(1)
a 0,5a
Al + KOH + H
2
O KAlO
2
+
3
2
H
2
(2)
b 1,5b
- Phn 2 + H
2
O d:
K + H
2
O KOH +
1
2
H
2
(3)
a a 0,5a
Al + KOH + H
2
O KAlO
2
+
3
2
H
2
(4)
a a 1,5a

Hn hp kim loi Y gm:
0,02 0,01 = 0,01 mol
0
Al d, c mol
0
Fe + H
+
(Al
3+
, Fe
2+
) +
0, 56
0, 025 mol
22, 4
= H
2
.
p dng bo ton electron: 0,01.3 + 2c = 0,025.2 = 0,05 => c = 0,01 mol.
Vy m
K
= 0,01.39 = 0,39 gam.
m
Al
= 0,02.27 = 0,54 gam.
m
Fe
= 0,01.56 = 0,56 gam.
=> p n C.

Cu 14 : Cho dy cc cht phenylamoni clorua, benzyl clorua, isopropyl clorua, m crezol, ancol
benzylic, natri phenolat, anlyl clorua. S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long un
nng l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 5. D. 6

Cc cht tc dng vi dung dch NaOH long, un nng gm: phenylamoni clorua (C
6
H
5
NH
3
Cl), benzyl
clorua (C
6
H
5
CH
2
Cl), isopropyl clorua (CH
3
CHClCH
3
), mcrezol (mCH
3
C
6
H
5
OH), anlyl clorua
(CH
2
=CHCH
2
Cl).
=> p n C.

Cu 15 : Hp cht hu c X cha vng benzen c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht.
Trong X, t l khi lng cc nguyn t l m
c
: m
H
: m
O
= 21 : 2 : 8. Bit khi X phn ng hon ton vi Na
th thu c s mol kh hiro bng s mol ca X phn ng. X c bao nhiu ng phn (cha vng
benzen) tha mn cc tnh cht trn?
A. 10. B. 9. C. 7. D. 3.
=>
2
H
0, 784
n 0, 5a + 1,5b = 0, 035
22, 4
= = (I)
=>
2
H
0, 448
n 0, 5a + 1,5a = 0, 02 => a = 0,01
22, 4
= =
Thay vo (I): b = 0,02

Do m
c
: m
H
: m
O
= 21 : 2 : 8 =>
C H O
21 2 8
n : n : n = : :
12 1 16

= 1,75 : 2 : 0,5
= 7 : 8 : 2
V cng thc phn t trng vi CTGN => CTPT (X) C
7
H
8
O
2
.
X phn ng hon ton vi Na th thu c s mol kh H
2
bng s mol X => X c 2H linh ng.
bt bo ha ca (X) l
2.7 2 8
4
2
+
= , vng benzen c 1V + 3 => phn ngoi vng benzen: no, c
1C v 2O => X cha 1 OH ancol v 1 OH phenol hoc 2 OH phenol.
- X cha 1 OH ancol v 1 OH phenol c 3 cng thc cu to:
C H
2
OH

- X cha 2 OH phenol c 6 cng thc cu to:
CH
3
OH
CH
3
OH

=> p n B.

Cu 16 : Khi so snh NH
3
vi NH
4
+
, pht biu khng ng l :
A. Trong NH
3
v NH
4
+
, nit u c s oxi ha -3.
B. NH
3
c tnh baz, NH
4
+
c tnh axit.
C. Phn t NH
3
v ion NH
4
+
u cha lin kt cng ha tr.
D. Trong NH
3
v NH
4
+
, nit u c cng ha tr 3.

Cng thc cu to ca NH
3
v
4
NH
+

NH
3

4
NH
+

Cng ha tr ca mt nguyn t l s lin kt cng ha tr ca nguyn t vi cc nguyn t khc.
=> N trong NH
3
c cng ha tr l 3, N trong
4
NH
+
c cng ha tr l 4.
=> p n D.
N H
H
H
N H
H
H
H
+
in OH vo mi tn
in OH vo mi tn

Cu 17 : Thnh phn % khi lng ca nit trong hp cht hu c C
x
H
y
N l 23,73 %. S ng phn amin
bc mt tha mn cc d kin trn l
A. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 1.

14
%N = .100% 23, 73% => M = 59 (g/mol) => 12x + y = 59 14 = 45
M
= => x = 3, y = 9.
Cng thc phn t l C
3
H
9
N, c 2 ng phn amin bc 1.
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
v CH
3
CH(NH
2
) CH
3
.
=> p n B.

Cu 18 : Hp th hon ton 0,672 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo mt lt dung dch gm NaOH 0,025M v
Ca(OH)
2
0,0125M, thu c x gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 2,00. B. 0,75. C. 1,25. D. 1,00.

2
CO
0, 672
n 0, 03 mol
22, 4
= =

OH
n 0, 025 0, 0125.2 0, 05 mol
= + =
0, 05
1 < 1, 67 < 2
0, 03
= => To 2 mui
3
HCO
v
2
3
CO

S bi ton: CO
2
+ OH
-

Bo ton nguyn t C: x + y = 0,03 (1)
Bo ton in tch m: 2x + y = 0,05 (2)
T (1), (2) => x = 0,02 mol, y = 0,01 mol
Nhn thy,
2 2
3
CO Ca
n = 0,02 > n 0, 0125 mol
+
=
=>
2
3
CaCO Ca
n n 0, 0125 mol
+
= =
=> x = 0,0125.100 = 1,25 gam.
=> p n C.
Cch 2: vit phng trnh ion rt gn
0, 05
1 < 1, 67 < 2
0, 03
= => To 2 mui
3
HCO
v
2
3
CO

CO
2
+ 2OH
-

2
3
CO

+ H
2
O
x 2x x
CO
2
+ OH
-

3
HCO

y y y
Ca
2+
+
2
3
CO

CaCO
3

2
3
CO

x mol
3
HCO
y mol

T ta c h phng trnh: S mol CO
2
= x + y = 0,03, s mol OH
-
= 2x + y = 0,05.
=> x = 0,02, y = 0,01. Cc bc tip theo lm nh cch 1.
=> p n C.

Cu 19: t chy hon ton x gam hn hp gm hai axit cacboxylic hai chc, mch h v u c mt lin
kt i C=C trong phn t, thu c V lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v y mol H
2
O. Biu thc lin h gia cc gi tr
x, y v V l
A.
28
V= (x 62y).
95
B.
28
V= (x +30y).
55
C.
28
V= (x +62y).
95
D.
28
V= (x 30y).
55

Hai axit cacboxylic hai chc, mch h v u c mt lin kt i C=C trong phn t c cng thc chung
4
n 2n 4
C H O

2
O
4 2 2
n 2n 4
C H O nCO + (n 2)H O

T s trn d thy:
2 2
2 2
CO H O
CO H O Axit Axit
n n
n n 2n => n
2
= =
=>
Axit
V
y
V 22,4y 22, 4
n
2 44,8
= =
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng v nguyn t:
x = m
C
+ m
H
+ m
O
=
V
.12
22, 4
+ 2y +
V 22,4y
.4.16
44, 8
=
55V
30y
28

=>
28
V = ( x + 30y)
55

=> p n B.

Cu 20: Este X c to thnh t etylen glicol v hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Trong phn t este, s
nguyn t cacbon nhiu hn s nguyn t oxi l 1. Khi cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d)
th lng NaOH phn ng l 10 gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 14,5. B. 17,5. C. 15,5. D. 16,5.

Cng thc tng qut este X l:

S nguyn t O trong este l 4 => S C l 5. Da vo cng thc tng qut ca (X) => ch c th l R = H
v R = CH
3
.
V este hai chc =>
X NaOH
1 1 10
n n . 0,125 mol
2 2 40
= = = => m
X
= 0,125.132 = 16,5 gam.
=> p n D.
Cu 21: Hp cht no ca canxi c dng c tng, b bt khi gy xng?
A. Thch cao nung (CaSO
4
.H
2
O). B. Thch cao sng (CaSO
4
.2H
2
O).
C. vi (CaCO
3
). D. Vi sng (CaO).
RCOOCH
2

RCOOCH
2

Thch cao nung CaSO
4
.H
2
O c dng c tng, b bt khi gy xng.
Thch cao sng (CaSO
4
.2H
2
O) dng sn xut xi mng.
vi CaCO
3
vt liu xy dng, cng trnh kin trc,
Vi sng CaO dng kh chua cho t,
=> p n A.

Cu 22: Cho 13,8 gam cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
7
H
8
tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch
AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 45,9 gam kt ta. X c bao nhiu ng phn cu to tha mn tnh cht trn?
A. 4. B. 6. C. 2. D. 5.


7 8
C H
13, 8
n 0,15 mol
92
= =
C
7
H
8
+ xAgNO
3
+ xNH
3
C
7
H
8 x
Ag
x
+ xNH
4
NO
3

0,15mol 0,15 mol
=> m = (92 + 107x)0,15 = 45,9 gam => x = 2 => X c 2 lin kt 3 u mch.
Mt khc, bt bo ha ca (X) =
2.7 2 8
4
2
+
=
=> Ngoi 2 lin kt 3 u mch, cc lin kt cn li u l lin kt n => c 4 cng thc cu to.
CHCCH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CCH,

=> p n A.

Cu 23: t chy hon ton x mol axit cacboxylic E, thu c y mol CO
2
v z mol H
2
O (vi z = y - x).
Cho x mol E tc dng vi NaHCO
3
(d) thu c y mol CO
2
. Tn ca E l
A. axit acrylic. B. axit aipic. C. axit oxalic. D. axit fomic.
E + O
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O
x mol y mol z mol
* Cch 1: V z = y x hay
2 2 2 2
H O CO E E CO H O
n n n n n n = => = => E l axit khng no, 1 lin kt C=C
trong phn t hoc axit no, hai chc => loi D.
S C =
2
CO
E
n
y
n x
= (*)
Mt khc, tng qut ta c:
R(COOH)
n
+ nNaHCO
3
R(COONa)
n
+ nCO
2
+ nH
2
O
x xn

CHCCH
2
CHCCH
CH
3

CHCCCCH
CH
3

CH
3

CHCCHCCH
CH
2
CH
3

=> S mol CO
2
= xn = y =>
y
n =
x
, vi n l s nhm chc COOH (**)
T (*), (**) => S C = S nhm COOH.
=> p n C. Axit oxalic HOOCCOOH.

* Cch 2: Th p n, chn x = 1 mol.
Axit acrylic: CH
2
=CHCOOH; Axit aipic: C
4
H
8
(COOH)
2
;
Axit oxalic: HOOCCOOH; Axit fomic: HCOOH
Ch c Axit oxalic: HOOCCOOH tha mn cc d kin ca bi ton.
(COOH)
2
2CO
2
+ H
2
O
1 mol 2 mol 1 mol
(COOH)
2
+ NaHCO
3
(COONa)
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
1 mol 1 mol

Cu 24: Cho 0,87 gam hn hp gm Fe, Cu v Al vo bnh ng 300 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,1M. Sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,32 gam cht rn v 448 ml kh (ktc) thot ra. Thm tip vo
bnh 0,425 gam NaNO
3
, khi cc phn ng kt thc th th tch kh NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) to
thnh v khi lng mui trong dung dch l
A. 0,224 lt v 3,750 gam B. 0,112 lt v 3,750 gam
C. 0,112 lt v 3,865 gam D. 0,224 lt v 3,865 gam

+
H
n 0, 3.0,1.2 0, 06 mol = =
2
H
0,448
n = = 0,02 mol
22,4

Khi thm tip NaNO
3
vo bnh, thu c kh NO => H
+
d .
Theo bo ton nguyn t H:
H
n
+ d
= 0,06 0,02.2 = 0,02 mol => 0,32 gam cht rn l Cu.
Gi x = n
Fe
, y = n
Al
, ta c:
m
(Fe, Al)
= 56x + 27y = 0,87 0,32 = 0,55 (I)
+ Fe, Cu v Al vo bnh ng 300 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4

Fe 2e Fe
2+

x 2x x
Al 3e Al
3+

y 3y y
Theo nh lut bo ton electron: 2x + 3y = 0,04 (II)
T (I), (II): x = 0,005, y = 0,01
+ Thm tip NaNO
3
:
3
3
NaNO
NO
0, 425
n n 0, 005 mol
85
= = =
(Fe
2+
, Cu) + H
+
,
3
NO
(Fe
3+
, Cu
2+
) + NO
Fe
2+
1e Fe
3+

0,005 0,005 0,005
Cu 2e Cu
2+

0,005 0,01 0,005
2H
+
+ 2e H
2

0,04 0,02

3 2
NO + 4H + 3e NO + 2H O
0,005 0,02 0,015 0,005
+

=> V
NO (ktc)

= 0,005.22,4 = 0,112 lt.
Sau cc phn ng dung dch c: 0,03 mol
2
4
SO

; 0,005 mol Na
+
; 0,01 mol Al
3+
; 0,005 mol Fe
3+
; 0,005 mol
Cu
2+
.
=> m
mui
= 0,03.96 + 0,005(23 + 56 + 64) + 0,01.27 = 3,865 gam.
Hoc c th lp lun: do Fe
2+
, H
+
,
3
NO
u ht => Trong dung dch ch cha cc ion kim loi v

2
4
SO

=> m
mui
= m
kim loi ban u
+
Na
m
+
+
2
4
SO
m

= 0,87 + 0,005.23 + 0,03.96 = 3,856 gam.
=> p n C.

Cu 25: Qung st manhetit c thnh phn l
A. FeS
2
. B. Fe
2
O
3
. C. Fe
3
O
4
. D. FeCO
3
.

FeS
2
: pirit; Fe
2
O
3
: hematit; Fe
3
O
4
: manhetit; FeCO
3
: xierit.
=> p n C.

Cu 26: Hn hp X gm axit axetic, axit fomic v axit oxalic. Khi cho m gam X tc dng vi NaHCO
3

(d) th thu c 15,68 lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Mt khc, t chy hon ton m gam X cn 8,96 lt kh O
2

(ktc), thu c 35,2 gam CO
2
v y mol H
2
O. Gi tr ca y l
A. 0,3. B. 0,6. C. 0,8. D. 0,2.

* Cch 1: gi s mol ca CH
3
COOH, HCOOH, (COOH)
2
ln lt l a, b, c.
- X + NaHCO
3
d:
CH
3
COOH + NaHCO
3
CH
3
COONa + CO
2
+ H
2
O (1)
a mol a mol
HCOOH + NaHCO
3
HCOONa + CO
2
+ H
2
O (2)
b mol b mol
(COOH)
2
+ 2NaHCO
3
(COONa)
2
+ 2CO
2
+ H
2
O (3)
c mol 2c mol
Theo (1, 2, 3):
2
CO
15, 68
n = a + b + 2c = 0, 7 mol
22, 4
= (I)
- X + O
2
:
CH
3
COOH + 2O
2
2CO
2
+ 2H
2
O (4)
a 2a 2a 2a
HCOOH +
1
2
O
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O (5)
b 0,5b b b
(COOH)
2
+
1
2
O
2
2CO
2
+ H
2
O (6)
c 0,5c 2c c

Theo (4, 5, 6):
2
CO
35, 2
n = 2a + b + 2c = 0, 8 mol
44
= (II)

2
O
8, 96
n = 2a + 0,5b + 0,5c = 0, 4 mol
22, 4
= (III)
Cch x l 1: T (I, II, III) => a = 0,1, b = 0,2, c = 0,2
=>
2
H O
n = 2a + b + c = 2.0,1 + 0,2 + 0,2 = 0,6 mol
Cch x l 2: Ly (II) (I) => a = 0,1 mol
2
O
n = 2a + 0,5b + 0,5c 0, 4 mol => 4a + b + c = 0,8 = => 2a + 2a + b +c = 2.0,1 +
2
H O
n = 0,8 mol
=>
2
H O
n 0, 8 0, 2 0, 6 mol = = => p n B.
Cch x l 3:
2
CO
15, 68
n = a + b + 2c = 0, 7 mol
22, 4
=
(Axit)
O
n = 2a + 2b + 4c = 2(a + b + 2c) 2.0, 7 1, 4 mol = =
p dng bo ton nguyn t Oxi:
2 2 2
O(Axit) O(O ) O(CO ) O(H O)
n + n = n + n
=> 1,4 + 0,4.2 = 0,7.2 + y => y = 0,6
=> p n B.

* Cch 2: Khi cho axit cacboxylic tc dng vi NaHCO
3
. Bn cht phn ng l

3 2 2
COOH + HCO COO + CO + H O

Nhn thy,
2
O(Axit) CO
n = 2n = 2.0,7 = 1,4 mol
+ Khi t chy hon ton X:
1,4 mol X + 0,4 mol O
2
0,7 mol CO
2
+ y mol H
2
O
p dng bo ton nguyn t O: p dng bo ton nguyn t Oxi:
2 2 2
O(Axit) O(O ) O(CO ) O(H O)
n + n = n + n
=> 1,4 + 0,4.2 = 0,7.2 + y => y = 0,6
=> p n B.

Cu 27: Hn hp X gm C
2
H
2
v H
2
c cng s mol. Ly mt lng hn hp X cho qua cht xc tc
nung nng, thu c hn hp Y gm C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
2
v H
2
. Sc Y vo dung dch brom (d) th khi
lng bnh brom tng 10,8 gam v thot ra 4,48 lt hn hp kh (ktc) c t khi so vi H
2
l 8. Th tch
O
2
(ktc) cn t chy hon ton hn hp Y l
A. 33,6 lt. B. 44,8 lt. C. 22,4 lt. D. 26,88 lt.

Ta c s phn ng:

+ Khi lng bnh brom tng = m
hirocacbon khng no
= 10,8 gam.
+ Kh thot ra gm C
2
H
6
v H
2
d.
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng: m
X
= m
Y
= 10,8 + 0,2.16 = 14 gam.
Hn hp X

C
2
H
2
: a mol
H
2
: a mol

t
0
, xt
Y
C
2
H
4

C
2
H
6

C
2
H
2

H
2

+ Br
2

[C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
2
] + [C
2
H
6
, H
2
]
m = 10,8 gam n = 0,2 mol
M = 16 (g/mol)

Cch x l 1: m
X
= 26.a + 2a = 14 => a = 0,5 mol.
2C
2
H
2
+ 5O
2
2CO
2
+ H
2
O
a mol 2,5a mol
H
2
+
1
2
O
2
H
2
O
a mol 0,5a mol
=>
2
O
n = 2,5a + 0,5a = 3a = 3.0,5 = 1,5 mol =>
2
O
V = 1,5.22,4 = 33,6lt.
Cch x l 2: V
2 4 2
C H H
n = n => Quy hn hp X v a mol C
2
H
4
.
m
X
= 28a = 14 => a = 0,5 mol.
C
2
H
4
+ 3O
2
2CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
0,5 1,5
=>
2
O
V = 1,5.22,4 = 33,6 lt.
=> p n A.

Cu 28: Trung ha 3,88 gam hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h bng dung dch
NaOH, c cn ton b dung dch sau phn ng thu c 5,2 gam mui khan. Nu t chy hon ton 3,88
gam X th th tch oxi (ktc) cn dng l
A. 3,36 lt B. 4,48 lt. C. 2,24 lt D. 1,12 lt.

+ 3,88 gam X + NaOH 5,2 gam mui
RCOOH RCOONa
1 mol 1 mol m 22 1 = 22 =
0,06 mol m 5,2 3, 88 = 1,32 gam = (theo bi)
+ t chy
2
n 2n
C H O (X):
X
3,88 7
M = 14n + 32 = n
0,06 3
=> =
2 2 2 2
n 2n
3n 2
C H O + O nCO + nH O
2

0,06 0,03(3n 2)
=>
2
O
7
V 0, 03.(3. 2).22, 4 3, 36
3
= = lt.
=> p n A.

Cu 29: Xenluloz trinitrat c iu ch t phn ng gia axit nitric vi xenluloz (hiu sut phn ng
60% tnh theo xenluloz). Nu dng 2 tn xenluloz th khi lng xenluloz trinitrat iu ch c l
A. 2,97 tn. B. 3,67 tn. C. 1,10 tn. D. 2,20 tn.

Xenluloz: (C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
= [C
6
H
7
O
2
(OH)
3
]
n
, n gin khi tinh ton ta chn n = 1.

[C
6
H
7
O
2
(OH)
3
] + 3HNO
3
[C
6
H
7
O
2
(ONO
2
)
3
] + 3H
2
O
162 tn 297 tn
2 tn
2.297
162
tn
V H = 60% => m
xenluloz trinitrat
=
2.297 60
. 2, 20
162 100
= tn.
=> p n D.

Cu 30: t chy hon ton andehit X, thu c th tch kh CO
2
bng th tch hi nc (trong cng iu
kin nhit , p sut). Khi cho 0,01 mol X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
th
thu c 0,04 mol Ag. X l
A. anehit no, mch h, hai chc. B. anehit fomic.
C. anehit axetic. D. anehit khng no, mch h, hai chc.

- cng iu kin T, P: t l v th tch l t l v s mol. X + O
2
c
2 2
CO H O
n = n => X l anehit no, n
chc mch h.
- 0,01 mol X 0,04 mol Ag => n
Ag
= 4n
X

=> X l anehit fomic HCHO.
=> p n B.

Cu 31: Thy phn ht m gam tetrapeptit AlaAlaAlaAla (mch h) thu c hn hp gm 28,48 gam
Ala, 32 gam AlaAla v 27,72 gam AlaAlaAla. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 111,74 B. 81,54 C. 90,6 D. 66,44

S : m gam AlaAlaAlaAla 28,48 gam Ala + 32 gam AlaAla + 27,72 gam AlaAlaAla
Ala: NH
2
CH(CH
3
)COOH, M
ala
= 89 (g/mol).
* Cch tnh khi lng phn t peptit: da trn nguyn tc n aminoaxit tch (n 1) H
2
O
Ala + Ala AlaAla + H
2
O
p dng bo ton khi lng ta c: M
Ala-Ala
= 89.2 1.18 = 160 (g/mol) => n
Ala-Ala
= 0,2 mol.
Tng t, ta c:
Ala Ala Ala
M = 3.89 2.18 = 231 (g/mol)

=> n
Ala-Ala-Ala
= 0,12 mol.
M
Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala
= 4.89 3.18 = 302 (g/mol)
AlaAlaAlaAla 0,32 mol Ala + 0,2 mol AlaAla + 0,12 mol AlaAlaAla
Bo ton nhm Ala:
Ala
n
trc
=
Ala sau
n
= 0,32 + 0,2.2 + 0,12.3 = 1,08 mol.

=> n
Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala
=
1, 08
0, 27 mol
4
= => m = 0,27.302 = 81,54 gam.
=> p n B.
* Cch 2: S dng bo ton nguyn t C v N.
1 Ala c 3 C v 1N:
Theo bo ton nguyn t C ta c:
tetrapeptit
0, 32.3 0, 2.6 0,12.9
n 0, 27
12
+ +
= = mol

Hoc theo bo ton nguyn t N:
tetrapeptit
0, 32.1 0, 2.2 0,12.3
n 0, 27
4
+ +
= =
=> m = 0,27.302 = 81,54 gam
* Cch 3:
Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala + H
2
O 2Ala-Ala
0,1 mol 0,2 mol
Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala + H
2
O Ala + Al-Ala-Ala
0,12 mol 0,12mol 0,12 mol
Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala + H
2
O 4Ala
0,05 mol 0,32 0,12 = 0,2 mol
=> Tng s mol Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala = 0,1 + 0,12 + 0,05 = 0,27 mol
=> m = 0,27.302 = 81,54 gam.
=> p n B.

Cu 32: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm C
2
H
2
,
3 4
C H v
4 4
C H ( s mol mi cht bng nhau) thu c
0,09 mol CO
2
. Nu ly cng mt lng hn hp X nh trn tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3

trong NH
3
, th khi lng kt ta thu c ln hn 4gam. Cng thc cu to ca C
3
H
4
v C
4
H
4
trong X
ln lt l:
A.
3 2 2
CH C-CH , CH =C=C=CH . B.
2 2 2 2
CH =C=CH , CH =C=C=CH .
C.
3 2
CH C-CH , CH =CH-C CH. D.
2 2 2
CH =C=CH , CH =CH-C CH.

Gi x l s mol mi cht trong hn hp X.
+ t chy X ta c:
2
CO
n 2x + 3x + 4x = 0,09 mol => x = 0,01 mol =
+ Cho X + AgNO
3
/NH
3
: ch ankin 1 to kt ta.
Gi s 3 cht u to kt ta
CHCH CAgCAg (1) => to 2,4 gam kt ta.
CHCCH
3
CAgCCH
3

(2) => to 1,47 gam kt ta.
CHCCH=CH
2
CAgCCH=CH
2
(3) => to 1,59 gam kt ta.
(1) lun xy ra.
+ Nu xy ra (1) v (2) => khi lng kt ta = 2,4 + 1,47 = 3,87 < 4gam => loi.
+ Nu xy ra (1) v (3) => khi lng kt ta = 2,4 + 1,59 = 3,99 < 4gam => loi.
Vy c 3 cht u to kt ta.
=> p n D.

Cu 33: S ng phn ca amino axit c cng thc phn t
3 7 2
C H O N l:
A. 4. B. 1. C. 3. D. 2.
ng vi
3 7 2
C H O Nc 2 ng phn amino axit: NH
2
CH
2
CH
2
COOH v CH
3
CH(NH
2
)COOH
=> p n D.

Cu 34: Khi lng ring ca canxi kim loi l 1,55 g/cm
3
. Gi thit rng trong tinh th canxi cc nguyn
t l nhng hnh cu chim 74% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng. Bn knh nguyn t canxi tnh
theo l thuyt l:
A. 0,185 nm. B. 0,196 nm. C. 0,155 nm. D. 0,168 nm.
Th tch 1 mol nguyn t Ca (phn c):
3 Ca
1 mol Ca
M 74 40 74
V = . . 19,135 cm
d 100 1, 55 100
= =
1 mol nguyn t Ca c 6,02.10
23
nguyn t Ca
=> Th tch gn ng ca 1 nguyn t Ca
1 mol Ca
1 NT Ca 23 23
V 19,135
V =
6, 02.10 6, 02.10
= (cm
3
)
Mt khc, nu coi nguyn t Ca hnh cu:
3
8 1NT Ca
3
3
1 NT Ca 23
3V 4r 3.19,135
V = => r = 1, 96.10
3 4 4.6,02.10
= = (cm) = 0,196nm.
=> p n B.

Cu 35: Cho 7,68 gam Cu vo 200ml dung dch gm HNO
3
0,6M v H
2
SO
4
0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton ( sn phm kh duy nht l NO), c cn cn thn ton b dung dch sau phn ng th
khi lng mui khan thu c l:

Cu
7, 68
n 0, 2 mol
64
= = ;
H
n 0, 2(0, 6 0, 5.2) 0, 32 mol
+
= + = ;
3
NO
n 0, 2.0, 6 0,12 mol
= =

3Cu + 2
3
NO
+ 8H
+
3Cu
2+
+ NO + 4H
2
O
Ban u: 0,12 0,12 0,32
Phn ng: 0,12 0,08 0,32 0,12
Sau phn ng: 0 0,04 0 0,12
Khi lng mui =
2+ - 2-
3 4
Cu NO SO
m + m + m = 0,12.64 + 0,12.62 + 0,5.0,2.96 = 19,76 gam.
=> p n A.
Cu 36: Nung m gam hn hp X gm FeS v FeS
2
, trong mt bnh kn cha khng kh ( gm 20 % th
tch O
2
v 80% th tch N
2
) n khi cc phn ng ny xy ra hon ton, thu c mt cht rn duy nht v
hn hp kh Y c thnh phn th tch: 84,8% N
2
, 14% SO
2
, cn li l O
2
. Phn trm khi lng ca FeS
trong hn hp X l:
A. 59,46% B. 19,64% C. 42,31% D. 26,83%
* Cch 1: chn 1 mol hn hp Y
=>
2
2
2
N
SO
O
n 0, 848 mol
n 0,14 mol
n 1 (0,848 + 0,14) = 0,012 mol
=
=
=

V khng kh gm 20 % th tch O
2
v 80% th tch N
2
=>
2
O
n
ban u
=
2
N
1 1
n = .0,848 = 0,212 mol
4 4

=>
2
O
n
phn ng
= 0,212 0,012 = 0,2 mol
Cch x l 1: Quy hn hp X (FeS v FeS
2
) X ( Fe: a mol; S: b mol)
4Fe + 3O
2
2Fe
2
O
3

a 0,75a
S + O
2
SO
2

b b b
=> b = 0,14 mol; 0,75a + b = 0,2 mol => a = 0,08 mol
FeS: x mol
FeS
2
: y mol

=>
0, 02.88
%FeS = .100% 19, 64%
0, 02.88 0, 06.120
=
+
=> p n B.
Cch x l 2: Gi s mol FeS l x, mol FeS
2
l y mol
2FeS +
7
2
O
2
Fe
2
O
3
+ 2SO
2

x
7
4
x x
2FeS
2
+
11
2
O
2
Fe
2
O
3
+ 4SO
2

y
11
4
y 2y
Ta c h phng trnh:
2
SO
n x + 2y = 0,14 =

2
O
n
p =
7 11
x + y = 0,2
4 4

=> x = 0,02, y = 0,06.
=>
0, 02.88
%FeS = .100% 19, 64%
0, 02.88 0, 06.120
=
+
=> p n B.
* Cch 2: Chn 1 mol khng kh v xc nh thnh phn s mol mi kh. Sau p dng cch x l 1
hoc 2 nh trn.

Cu 37: Cho cn bng ha hc: H
2
(k) + I
2
(k)
2HI (k); H
Cn bng khng b chuyn dch khi:
A. gim nng HI. B. tng nng H
2
.

C. tng nhit ca h. D. gim p sut chung ca h.

i vi cn bng ca cht kh. p sut khng lm chuyn dch cn bng i vi phn ng khng lm thay
i s phn t kh.
=> p n D.

Bo ton Fe: x + y = 0,08
Bo ton S: x + 2y = 0,14
=> x = 0,02; y = 0,06

Cu 38: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Fe; Cl
2
; SO
2
; NO
2;
C; Al; Mg
2+
, Na
+
, Fe
2+
; Fe
3+
. S cht v ion va c
tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh l:
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 8.

S cht v ion va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh l: Cl
2
; SO
2
; NO
2;
C; Fe
2+

=> p n B.

(1) t dy st trong kh clo.
(2) t nng hn hp bt Fe v S ( trong iu kin khng c oxi)
(3) Cho FeO vo dung dch HNO
3
( long, d)
(4) Cho Fe vo dung dch Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
(5) Cho Fe vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
( long, d)
C bao nhiu th nghim to ra mui st (II)?
A. 3. B. 2. C. 1. D. 4.

S phn ng to ra mui st (II):
(2) Fe + S FeS
(4) Fe + Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
3FeSO
4

(5) Fe + H
2
SO
4
FeSO
4
+ H
2

=> p n A.

Cu 40: Trong cc th nghim sau:
(1) Cho SiO
2
tc dng vi axit HF.
(2) Cho kh SO
2
tc dng vi kh H
2
S.
(3) Cho kh NH
3
tc dng vi CuO un nng.
(4) Cho CaOCl
2
tc dng vi HCl c.
(5) Cho Si n cht tc dng vi dung dch NaOH.
(6) Cho kh O
3
tc dng vi Ag.
(7) Cho dung dch NH
4
Cl tc dng vi dung dch NaNO
2
ung nng.
S th nghim to ra n cht l:
A. 4. B. 7. C. 5. D. 6.

Cc th nghim to ra n cht:
(2) SO
2
+ H
2
S S + H
2
O
(3) 2NH
3
+ 3CuO 3Cu + N
2
+ 3H
2
O
(4) CaOCl
2
+ 2HCl
c
CaCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ H
2
O
(5) Si + 2NaOH + H
2
O Na
2
SiO
3
+ 2H
2

(6) O
3
+ 2Ag Ag
2
O + O
2

(7) NH
4
Cl + NaNO
2
NaCl + N
2
+ 2H
2
O
=> p n D.

II. PHN RING (10 cu)
Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn (phn A hoc phn B)
Cu 41: Cho buta-1,3-ien phn ng cng vi
2
Br theo t l mol 1: 1. S dn xut ibrom (ng phn cu
to v ng phn hnh hc) thu c l:
A. 1. B. 3. C. 2. D. 4.

Sn phm cng 1,2: CH
2
BrCHBrCH=CH
2
.
Sn phm cng 1,4: CH
2
BrCH=CHCH
2
Br (c 2 ng phn hnh hc: cis v trans)
=> p n B.

Cu 42: Dung dch no sau y lm qu tm i thnh mu xanh
A. Dung dch lysin B. Dung dch alanin C. Dung dch glyxin D. Dung dch valin

Lysin: NH
2
(CH
2
)
4
CH(NH
2
) COOH
Glyxin: NH
2
CH
2
COOH
Alanin: NH
2
(CH)CH
3
COOH
Valin: (CH
3
)
2
CH(CH)NH
2
COOH
=> Lysin c 2 nhm NH
2
v 1 nhm COOH lm qu tm ha xanh.
=> p n A.

Cu 43: Khi in phn dung dch NaCl (cc m bng st, cc dng bng than ch, c mng ngn xp) th
A. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh
2
H Ov cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ha ion Cl
.

B. cc m xy ra qu trnh oxi ha
2
H O v cc dng xy ra qu trnh kh ion Cl

C. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion
+
Na v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ha ion

Cl
.

D. cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ha ion
+
Na v cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion

Cl
.

Cc (-) NaCl Cc (+)
Na
+
, H
2
O Cl
-
, H
2
O
H
2
O + 2e H
2
+ 2OH
-
2Cl
-
Cl
2
+ 2e
Qu trnh kh Qu trnh oxi ha
=> p n A.

Cu 44: Cu hnh electron ca ion
2+ 3+
Cu v Cr ln lt l
A. [ ] [ ]
9 1 2
Ar 3d Ar 3d 4s . v B. [ ] [ ]
7 2 1 2
Ar 3d 4s Ar 3d 4s . v
C. [ ] [ ]
9 3
Ar 3d Ar 3d . v D. [ ] [ ]
7 2 3
Ar 3d 4s Ar 3d . v

Cu(Z = 29): 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
10
4s
1

Cu 2e Cu
2+

=> Cu
2+
: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
9

Cr(Z = 24): 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5
4s
1

Cr 3e Cr
3+
=> Cr
3+
: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
3

=> p n C.

Cu 45: Ancol etylic c iu ch t tinh bt bng phng php ln men vi hiu sut ton b qu trnh
l 90%. Hp th ton b lng
2
CO sinh ra khi ln men m gam tinh bt vo nc vi trong, thu c 330
gam kt ta v dung dch X. Bit khi lng X gim i so vi khi lng nc vi trong ban u l 132
gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 297. B. 405. C. 486. D. 324.
S : C
6
H
10
O
5
C
6
H
12
O
6
2C
2
H
5
OH + 2CO
2

2
CO
m dd = m m =>
2 2
CO CO
m 330 132 = 198 gam => n 4, 5 mol = =
C
6
H
10
O
5
C
6
H
12
O
6
2C
2
H
5
OH + 2CO
2

2,25 mol 4,5 mol
V H = 90% => m =
2, 25.162.100
405 gam
90
=
=> p n B.

Cu 46: Ha hi 15,52 gam hn hp gm mt axit no n chc X v mt axit no a chc Y (s mol X ln
hn s mol Y), thu c mt th tch hi bng th tch ca 5,6 gam
2
N (o trong cng iu kin nhit ,
p sut). Nu t chy ton b hn hp hai axit trn th thu c 10,752 lt
2
CO (ktc). Cng thc cu
to ca X, Y ln lt l
A.
3 2
CH CH COOHv HOOC COOH. B.
3 2 2
CH COOHv HOOC CH CH COOH.
C. H COOHv HOOC COOH. D.
3 2
CH COOHv HOOC CH COOH.

T, P = const: t l v th tch l t l v s mol
=>
2
Axit N
5, 6
n = n 0, 2 mol
28
= =
=>
2
CO
hh
n
0, 48
n 2, 4
n 0, 2
= = =
=> X c s C < 2,4 => loi A. X l HCOOH hoc CH
3
COOH.
Trong 3 p n cn li, c 2 p n l X l CH
3
COOH v 1 p n X l HCOOH, Y l axit no, 2 chc
C
n
H
2n 2
O
4

Nu X l CH
3
COOH:
Theo bi ta c h phng trnh:
60a + (14n + 62)b = 15,52
a + b = 0,2 => n =3
2a + bn = 0,48

=> p n D.

Cu 47: Nhm nhng cht kh (hoc hi) no di y u gy hiu ng nh knh khi nng ca chng
trong kh quyn vt qu tiu chun cho php?
A.
4 2
CH v H O. B.
2 2
CO v O . C.
2 4
CO v CH . D.
2
N v CO.
p n C. Kh CO
2
v CH
4
.

Cu 48: Cho 2,7 gam hn hp bt X gm Fe v Zn tc dng vi dung dch
4
CuSO . Sau mt thi gian,
thu c dung dch Y v 2,84 gam cht rn Z. Cho ton b Z vo dung dch
2 4
H SO . (long, d), sau khi
cc phn ng kt thc th khi lng cht rn gim 0,28 gam v dung dch thu c ch cha mt mui
duy nht. Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong X l
A. 58,52%. B. 41,48%. C. 48,15%. D. 51,85%.
S bi ton: 2,7 gam X (Fe, Zn) + CuSO
4
Rn Z dung dch ch cha 1 mui
+ Th t phn ng: Zn phn ng trc, Fe phn ng sau.
+ Dung dch sau phn ng ch cha mui duy nht l FeSO
4

=> Rn Z c: Cu v Fe d + H
2
SO
4
long, d.
Khi lng rn gim l Fe d = 0,28 gam => n
Fe
=
0, 28
0, 005 mol
56
=
+ Gi x = n
Zn
; y = n
Fe p
, ta c:
m
X
= 65x + 56y + 0,28 = 2,7 (I)
Zn + CuSO
4
ZnSO
4
+ Cu
x x
Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
y y
m
Z
= 64(x + y) + 0,28 = 2,84 (II)
T (I), (II): x = y = 0,02 mol
=>
(0, 02 0, 005)56
%Fe = .100% 51, 85%
2, 7
+
=
=> p n D.

Cu 49: Cho hn hp X gm
2 3
Fe O , ZnOv Cu tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d) thu c dung dch Y
v phn khng tan Z. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (long, d) thu c kt ta
A.
2 2
Fe(OH) v Cu(OH) . B.
2 2 2
Fe(OH) ,Cu(OH) v Zn(OH) .
C.
3
Fe(OH) . D.
3 2
Fe(OH) v Zn(OH) .
X + HCl d:
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HCl 2 FeCl
3
+ 3H
2
O
ZnO + 2HCl ZnCl
2
+ H
2
O
Phn khng tan Z l Cu => FeCl
3
chuyn ht thnh FeCl
2
.
Cu + 2FeCl
3
2FeCl
2
+ CuCl
2

Dung dch Y gm: FeCl
2
, ZnCl
2
, CuCl
2
, HCl d + NaOH d
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H
2
O
H
2
SO
4
l, d
ZnCl
2
+ 2NaOH Zn(OH)
2
+ 2NaCl
CuCl
2
+ 2NaOH Cu(OH)
2
+ 2NaCl
FeCl
2
+ 2NaOH Fe(OH)
2
+ 2NaCl
Zn(OH)
2
+ 2NaOH d Na
2
[Zn(OH)
4
]
=> Kt ta thu c gm: Cu(OH)
2
, Fe(OH)
2
.
=> p n A.

Cu 50: X, Y, Z l cc hp cht mch h, bn c cng cng thc phn t
3 6
C H O. X tc dng c vi
Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Y khng tc dng c vi Na nhng c phn ng trng bc. Z
khng tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Cac cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A.
2 2 3 3 3 2
CH =CH CH OH, CH CO CH , CH CH CHO.
B.
2 2 3 2 3 3
CH =CH CH OH, CH CH CHO, CH CO CH .
C.
3 2 3 3 2 2
CH CH CHO, CH CO CH , CH =CH CH OH.
D.
3 3 3 2 2 2
CH CO CH , CH CH CHO, CH =CH CH OH.
X tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc => loi C, D.
Z khng tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc => loi A.
=> p n B.


Cu 51: Pht biu no sau y v anehit v xeton l sai?
A. Hiro xianua cng vo nhm cacbonyl to thnh sn phm khng bn.
B. Anehit fomic tc dng vi H
2
O to thnh sn phm khng bn.
C. Axetanehit phn ng c vi nc brom.
D. Axeton khng phn ng c vi nc brom.


Xianohirin
Sn phm bn
=> p n A.

Cu 52: Khng kh trong phng th nghim b nhim bi kh clo. kh c, c th xt vo khng kh
dung dch no sau y?
A. Dung dch H
2
SO
4
long. B. Dung dch NaCl.
C. Dung dch NaOH. D. Dung dch NH
3
.

Kh Cl
2
d dng kt hp vi NH
3
to thnh sn phm khng c.
2NH
3
+ 3Cl
2
N
2
+ 6HCl
RCR
O
+ HCN RCR
OH
CN

H
3 d
+ HCl NH
4
Cl
=> NH
3 (k)
+ Cl
2 (k)
NH
4
Cl
(r)
+ N
2 (k)

=> p n D.

Cu 53: Thy phn hon ton 60 gam hn hp hai ipeptit thu c 63,6 gam hn hp X gm cc amino
axit (cc amino axit ch c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacbonyl trong phn t). Nu cho
1
10
hn hp
X tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), c cn cn thn dung dch, th lng mui khan thu c l

60 gam hn hp 2 ipeptit + H
2
O 63,6 gam hn hp X
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng:
2 2
H O H O
3, 6
m 63, 6 60 3, 6 gam => n 0, 2 mol
18
= = = =
NH
2
RCONHRCOOH + H
2
O NH
2
RCOOH + NH
2
RCOOH
0,2 mol 0,2 mol 0,2 mol
=> n
X
= 0,2 + 0,2 = 0,4 mol.
1
10
X c 0,04 mol aminoaxit
2
NH R COOH , 6,36 gam X.

2
NH R COOH + HCl
3
NH Cl R COOH
0,04 0,04
Theo bo ton khi lng: m
mui
= m
aminoaxit
+ m
HCl
= 6,36 + 0,04.36,5 = 7,82 gam.
=> p n D.
Hoc tnh theo tng gim khi lng:
1 mol
2
NH R COOH 1 mol
3
NH Cl R COOH : m = 36,5 gam
0,04 mol m = 0,04.36,5 = 1,46 gam
=> m
mui
= 6,36 + 1,46 = 7,82 gam.


2
+HCN trung hop dongtrunghop
2
CH CH X; X polime Y; X+CH =CH-CH=CH polime Z.
Y v Z ln lt dng ch to vt liu polime no sau y?
A. T capron v cao su buna. B. T nilon-6,6 v cao su cloropren.
C. T olon v cao su buna-N. D. T nitron v cao su buna-S.

X: CH
2
=CHCN trng hp => Y: poliacrilonitrin (t nitron hay cn gi l olon).
ng trng hp CH
2
=CHCN v CH
2
=CHCH=CH
2
=> Cao su bunaN (polime Z)
=> p n C.

Cu 55: Ha tan hn hp bt gm m gam Cu v 4,64 gam Fe
3
O
4
vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
(long, rt d), sau
khi cc phn ng kt thc ch thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X lm mt mu va 100 ml dung dch
KMnO
4
0,1M. Gi tr ca m l
A. 0,96. B. 1,24. C. 0,64. D. 3,2.

* Cch 1: Vit phng trnh ion

3 4
Fe O
n = 0,02 mol

4
KMnO
n = 0,1.0,1= 0,01 mol
Fe
3
O
4
+ 8H
+
Fe
2+
+ 2Fe
3+
+ 4H
2
O
0,02 0,02 0,04
Cu + 2Fe
3+
Cu
2+
+ 2Fe
2+

x 2x
=>
2
Fe
n
+
= 0,02 + 2x
5Fe
2+
+
4
MnO
+ 8H
+
5Fe
3+
+ Mn
2+
+ 4H
2
O
0,05 0,01
=> 0,02 + 2x = 0,05 => x = 0,015
=> m
Cu
= 0,015.64 = 0,96 gam.
=> p n A.
* Cch 2: S bi ton
(x mol Cu, 0,02 mol Fe
3
O
4
) + H
+
dung dch X (Cu
2+
, Fe
2+
, Fe
3+
, H
+
) + Mn
+7
(Cu
2+
, Fe
3+
) + Mn
+2

Cu 2e Cu
2+

x 2x
Fe
3
O
4
1e 3Fe
3+
0,02 0,02
Mn
+7
+ 5e Mn
+2

0,01 0,05
Theo bo ton electron: 2x + 0,02 = 0,05 => x = 0,015
=> m
Cu
= 0,015.64 = 0,96 gam.
=> p n A.

Cu 56: Hin tng xy ra khi nh vi git dung dch H
2
SO
4
vo dung dch Na
2
CrO
4
l:
A. Dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam.
B. Dung dch chuyn t mu da cam sang mu vng.
C. Dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang khng mu.
D. Dung dch chuyn t khng vng sang mu da cam.

2 2
4 2 7 2
2CrO + 2H Cr O + H O
+

Mu vng mu da cam
Theo nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng, khi nh H
+
vo dung dch Na
2
CrO
4
=> cn bng chuyn dch theo
chiu thun.
=> p n A.

Fe + 2Fe(NO
3
)
3
3Fe(NO
3
)
2

AgNO
3
+ Fe(NO
3
)
2
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Ag
Dy sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ha ca cc ion kim loi l:
A. Fe
2+
, Fe
3+
, Ag
+
. B. Ag
+
,

Fe
2+
, Fe
3+
. C. Fe
2+
, Ag
+
, Fe
3+
. D. Ag
+
,

Fe
3+
, Fe
2+
.

Da vo quy tc :
V Fe + 2Fe(NO
3
)
3
3Fe(NO
3
)
2
=> Tnh oxi ha: Fe
3+
> Fe
2+

AgNO
3
+ Fe(NO
3
)
2
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Ag => Tnh oxi ha: Ag
+
> Fe
3+

=> Tnh oxi ha: Ag
+
> Fe
3+
> Fe
2+

Hay da vo dy in ha ta thy ngay p n A.

Cu 58: t chy hon ton 0,11 gam mt este X (to nn t mt axit cacboxylic n chc v mt ancol
n chc) thu c 0,22 gam CO
2
v 0,99 gam H
2
O. S este ng phn ca X l
A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
* Cch 1:
2 2
H O CO
n n =
2
CO
n 0, 005 mol = ;
2
H O
n 0, 005 mol = =>
2 2
H O CO
n n = => Este no, n chc (hay
theo u bi ta cng suy ra este no, n chc) => X c cng thc: C
n
H
2n
O
2

C
n
H
2n
O
2
nCO
2

0,005
n
0,005
=> M
X
= 14n + 32 =
0,11n
0,005
=> n = 4 => X: C
4
H
8
O
2

p dng cng thc tnh nhanh s ng phn este no, n chc = 2
n-2

= 2
4 -2
= 2
2
= 4.
=> p n C.

Cu 59: Dung dch X gm CH
3
COOH 1M (K
a
= 1,75.10
-5
) v HCl 0,001M. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X l
A. 2,33. B. 2,55. C. 1,77. D. 2,43.

Cc qu trnh phn li:
HCl H
+
+ Cl
-

0,001 M 0,001 M
CH
3
COOH

CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+

Ban u: 1M 0,001M
Phn li: x x x
Cn bng: 1 x x 0,001 + x
- +
5 3
a
3
[CH COO ][H ] x(0,001 + x)
K = 1, 75.10
[CH COOH] 1 x
= =
=> x = 3,705.10
-3

=> [H
+
] = 0,001 + 3,705.10
-3
= 4,705.10
-3
M => pH = lg[H
+
] = 2,33
=> p n A.

Cu 60: Cho dy chuyn ha sau:

2 5 2 4 2
o 0
KOH/C H OH +C H +Br , as
ti le mol1:1 xt, t t
Benzen X Y Z (trong X, Y, Z l sn phm chnh).
Tn gi ca Y, Z ln lt l
A. benzylbromua v toluen. B. 2-brom-1-phenylbenzen v stiren.
C. 1-brom-1-phenyletan v stiren. D. 1-brom-2-phenyletan v stiren.

0
, t
6 6 2 2 6 5 2 3
C H + CH =CH C H CH CH
xt

(X)
as
6 5 2 3 2 6 5 3 1:1
C H CH CH + Br C H CHBrCH + HBr : Th vo gc no, u tin th C bc cao.
(Y)
2 5
0
C H OH
6 5 3 6 5 2 2 2
C H CHBrCH + KOH C H CH =CH + KBr + H O
t

(Z)
* Ch : nu khng c C
2
H
5
OH th xy ra phn ng th nguyn t brom.
(Y)
6 5 3
C H CHBrCH : 1-brom-1-phenyletan
(Z)
6 5 2 2
C H CH =CH : Stiren.
=> p n C.

MN HA I HC KHI B NM 2011
M 749

B GIO DC V O TO THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2011
THI CHNH THC Mn thi : HA, khi B - M : 794
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t :
H = 1; He = 4; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35,5;
K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52, Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Sr = 88; Ag=108; Sn = 119; Ba
= 137.
Cu 1 : Hn hp X gm Fe(NO
3
)
2
, Cu(NO
3
)
2
v AgNO
3
. Thnh phn % khi lng ca nit trong X l
11,864%. C th iu ch c ti a bao nhiu gam hn hp ba kim loi t 14,16 gam X?
A. 10,56 gam B. 7,68 gam C. 3,36 gam D. 6,72 gam
Hng dn:
CCH 1:
3
N N
m = 14,16.0,11864 = 1,68gam=>n = 0,12 = =>m = 14,16 - 0,12.62 = 6,72gam
NO
n

CCH 2: Ta c::
48
%O= .11,864% =40,677%
14

% khi lng cc kim loi trong mui: 100 - 40,677 -11,864 = 44,492%
Khi lng KL iu ch c ti a: 14,16 . 44,492% = 6,72 gam
Cu 2: Cho dy cc cht: phenyl axetat, anlyl axetat, metyl axetat, etyl fomat, tripanmitin. S cht trong dy
khi thy phn trong dung dch NaOH (d), un nng sinh ra ancol l:
A. 4 B. 2 C. 5 D. 3
Hng dn: Qu n gin nh. bn phi thuc tt c cc cht hu nh. Ch c CH
3
COOC
6
H
5
thy
phn to 2 mui
Cu 3: Cho 200 gam mt loi cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 tc dng va vi mt lng NaOH, thu c
207,55 gam hn hp mui khan. Khi lng NaOH tham gia phn ng l:
A. 31 gam B. 32,36 gam C. 30 gam D. 31,45 gam
Hng dn: cu ny tng t thi C 2010 chc cc bn lm thun thc ri, gi gp cu ny ch cn
tnh ton khng qu 30S k c c v lm ra kt qu ng.
chtbeo
KOH NaOH H2O NaOH
m . axit 200.7
n = =0,025= n =n => n =a mol
chi so
=
1000.56 1000.56

s mol NaOH phn ng vi trieste l : a 0,025 s mol glixerol thu c:
3
025 0 ) , a (

ADLBTKL
2
X NaOH muoi glixerol
NaOH
m + m = m + m +
( 0, 025)
200 +40a = 207,55+92. + 18 . 0,025=> a = 0,775 => m = 31 gam
3
H O
m
a
Ch : Nh vy chng ta khng c s dng bt nhp mt nhiu thi gian m phi s dng my tnh
FX570ES tnh ra kt qu nh.( nu kh hiu th cn luyn thm k nng gii ton )
thi C H ch c 1 cu v ch s axit v cn nh cng thc tnh th bi ton tr nn nh nhng hn nhiu
Cu 4: Thc hin cc th nghim vi hn hp gm Ag v Cu (hn hp X):
(a) Cho X vo bnh cha mt lng d kh O
3
( iu kin thng)
(b) Cho X vo mt lng d dung dch HNO
3
(c)
(c) Cho X vo mt lng d dung dch HCl (khng c mt O
2
)
(d) Cho X vo mt lng d dung dch FeCl
3

Th nghim m Cu b oxi ha cn Ag khng b oxi ha l:

A. (a) B. (b) C. (d) D. (c)
HD: cu ny qu n gin v hi th nghim no? cn nu hi tng s pt m Cu b oxi ha cn Ag khng b
oxi ha th chc chn nhiu th sinh sai l chuyn thng,
Cu 5: Khi cho 0,15 mol este n chc X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), sau khi phn ng kt thc th
lng NaOH phn ng l 12 gam v tng khi lng sn phm hu c thu c l 29,7 gam. S ng phn
cu to ca X tha mn cc tnh cht trn l:
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 2
Hng dn: p dng nh lut BTKL
ESTE X 7 8 8 8 2
m =29,7+0,15.18 -12=20,4 gam=>M =136=R +44=>R = 92=>C H - =>CTPT C H O
=> C 4 ng phn. => A ng.
Nu khng hiu lm th xem cch sau thi.
Cch khc: n
NaOH
:n
Este
= 2:1 l este to bi axit v gc ancol dng phenol RCOOR
+ 2NaOH RCOONa + RONa + H
2
O
0,15 0,3 0,15
m
Este
= 29,7 + 0,15.18 12 = 20,4 gam M
X
= 136 = R + 44 R = 92 C
7
H
8

CTPT C
8
H
8
O
2
ng phn ca X: CH
3
-COO-C
6
H
5
; HCOOC
6
H
4
CH
3
(c 3 p )
Cu 6: Cho phn ng : C
6
H
5
-CH=CH
2
+ KMnO
4
C
6
H
5
-COOK + K
2
CO
3
+ MnO
2
+ KOH + H
2
O
Tng h s (nguyn, ti gin) tt c cc cht trong phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng trn l:
A. 27 B. 31 C. 24 D. 34
Hng dn: bi ny lm cng mt nhiu thi gian . Tt nht l lm sau cng nh. cc bn tm cch gii
khc nhanh hn nh:
Dng s oxi ha ca nhm : H C H C
1
5 6
=
2
2
H C
OOK C H C
3
5 6
+
+
+
2
3
4
O C
C
-1
C
+3
+ 4e v C
-2
C
+4
+ 6e cng li:

C
-1
+ C
-2
C
+3
+ C
+4
+ 10e x 3
Mn
+7
+ 3e Mn
+4
x 10
3 C
6
H
5
-CH=CH
2
+ 10KMnO
4
3 C
6
H
5
-COOK + 3 K
2
CO
3
+ 10 MnO
2
+ KOH + 4 H
2
O
Cu 7: Cho dy cc oxi sau: SO
2
, NO
2
, NO, SO
3
, CrO
3
, P
2
O
5
, CO, N
2
O
5
, N
2
O. S oxit trong dy tc dng
c vi H
2
O iu kin thng l:
A. 5 B. 6 C. 8 D. 7
HD: SO
2
, NO
2
, SO
3
, CrO
3
, P
2
O
5
,, N
2
O
5
, => B ng
Cu 8: luyn c 800 tn gang c hm lng st 95% , cn dng x tn qung manhetit cha 80% Fe
3
O
4

(cn li l tp cht khng cha st). Bit rng lng st b hao ht trong qu trnh sn xut l 1%. Gi tr ca
x l:
A. 959,59 B. 1311,90 C. 1394,90 D. 1325,16
Hng dn: s dng my tnh FX570ES tnh khng qu 20S u.
800.232 95 100 100
x = . . . = 1325,1563..=1325,16 tn
56.3 100 80 99
=> D ng.
Ch : hao ht 1% ngha l hiu sut p s l 99% thi.
Nu khng ch n hao ht1% th tht l tai hi vi kt qu ng tic sau:
800.232 95 100
x = . . .= 1311,90 tn
56.3 100 80
=> B sai.
Cu 9: Triolein khng tc dng vi cht (hoc dung dch) no sau y?
A. H
2
O (xc tc H
2
SO
4
long, un nng) B. Cu(OH)
2
( iu kin thng)
C. Dung dch NaOH (un nng) D. H
2
(xc tc Ni, un nng)
HD: cu ny thuc tchh ri th 0,2 im ngon qu. B ng
Cu 10: Cho cc phn ng:
(a) Sn + HCl (long) (b) FeS + H
2
SO
4
(long)
(c) MnO
2
+ HCl (c)
0
t
(d) Cu + H
2
SO
4
(c)
0
t

(e) Al + H
2
SO
4
(long) (g) FeSO
4
+ KMnO
4
+ H
2
SO
4

S phn ng m H
+
ca axit ng vai tr oxi ha l:
A. 3 B. 6 C. 2 D. 5

HD: Nay thi khng hi p oxi ha kh m hi b oxi ha, b kh, ng vai tr oxi ha, ... nn chng ta cn
thn mt cht l OK thi m. (a) Sn + HCl (long) H2; (e) Al + H
2
SO
4
(long) H2 . Chon C.
Cu 11: Cho s phn ng :
(1) X + O
2

0
t , Xt
axit cacboxylic Y
1
(2) X + H
2

0
t , Xt
ancol Y
2

(3) Y
1
+ Y
2
Y
3
+ H
2
O Bit Y
3
c cng thc phn t C
6
H
10
O
2
. Tn gi ca X l:
A. anehit acrylic B. anehit propionic C. anehit metacrylic D. andehit axetic
Hng dn: Bit Y
3
c cng thc phn t C
6
H
10
O
2
nn este ny c 1 lin kt t=> A ng.
hoc Y
3
l Este c 1 lin kt t; Y
2
l ancol no X khng no c 1 lin kt t vi n = 3
(a) Nung NH
4
NO
3
rn.
(b) un nng NaCl tinh th vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
(c)
(c) Sc kh Cl
2
vo dung dch NaHCO
3
.
(d) Sc kh CO
2
vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(d).
(e) Sc kh SO
2
vo dung dch KMnO
4
.
(g) Cho dung dch KHSO
4
vo dung dch NaHCO
3
.
(h) Cho PbS vo dung dch HCl (long).
(i) Cho Na
2
SO
3
vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
(d) , un nng. S th nghim sinh ra cht kh l:
A. 2 B. 6 C. 5 D.4
HD: cu ny cng kh v hay nha.
(a) Nung NH
4
NO
3
rn=> N2
(b) un nng NaCl tinh th vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
(c)=> HCl
(c) Sc kh Cl
2
vo dung dch NaHCO
3
=> CO2
(g) Cho dung dch KHSO
4
vo dung dch NaHCO
3
=> CO2
(i) Cho Na
2
SO
3
vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
(d) , un nng=> SO2 => chn C
Cu 13: Dung dch X gm 0,1 mol H
+
, z mol Al
3+
, t mol NO
3
-
v 0,02 mol SO
4
2-
. Cho 120 ml dung dch Y
gm KOH 1,2M v Ba(OH)
2
0,1M vo X, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 3,732 gam kt a. Gi tr
ca z, t ln lt l:
A. 0,020 v 0,012 B. 0,020 v 0,120 C. 0,012 v 0,096 D. 0,120 v 0,020
Hng dn: p dng l bo ton in tch:
0,1 + 3z = t + 0,04 (1) Ta c :
OH
n = 0,12.1,2 + 0,12.0,1.2 = 0,168 mol
Trung ha H
+

= 0,1 d 0,068 ;
+ 2
Ba
n = 0,012 <
2
4
SO
n
4
BaSO
m = 0,012.233 = 2,796 gam

3
) OH ( Al
m = 3,732 2,796 = 0,936
3
) OH ( Al
n = 0,012 mol
Al
3+
+ 3 OH
-
Al(OH)
3
v Al
3+
+ 4 OH
-
AlO
2
+ 2 H
2
O Bo ton cho
OH
n
0,012 0,036 0,012 0,008 0,032
+ 3
Al
n = 0,012 + 0,008 = 0,02 thay z = 0,02 vo (1) thu c t = 0,12=> B ng.
Cu 14: Dy gm cc kim loi c cng kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A. Na, K, Ba B. Mg, Ca, Ba C. Na, K , Ca D. Li , Na, Mg
HD: Chn A: phn i cng kim loi.
Cu 15: Pht biu no sau y l sai ?
A. Na
2
CO
3
l nguyn liu quan trng trong cng nghip sn xut thy tinh.
B. nhit thng, tt c kim loi kim th u tc dng c vi nc.
C. Nhm bn trong mi trng khng kh v nc l do c mng oxit Al
2
O
3
bn vng bo v
D. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, nhit nng chy ca kim loi kim gim dn
HD: Be, Mg khng phn ng vi nc nhit thng( nu c phn ng th v cng chm v dng ngay)
A. Tinh th nc , tinh th iot u thuc loi tinh th phn t.
B. Trong tinh th NaCl, xung quanh mi ion u c 6 ion ngc du gn nht.
C. Tt c cc tinh th phn t u kh nng chy v kh bay hi.
D. Trong tinh th nguyn t, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt cng ha tr.
HD: cu ny nm trong chng trnh lp 11 v cng hay ra. Chn C

Cu 17: hiro ha hon ton 0,025 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit c khi lng 1,64 gam, cn 1,12 lt
H
2
(ktc). Mt khc, khi cho cng lng X trn phn ng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
th
thu c 8,64 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca hai anehit trong X l:
A. OHC-CH
2
-CHO v OHC-CHO B. H-CHO v OHC-CH
2
-CHO
C. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-CHO v OHC-CHO D. CH
2
=CH-CHO v OHC-CH
2
-CHO
Hng dn:
Cch 1: suy lun nhanh sau: nhn vo s mol 0,025 th chn s mol 0,01 v 0,015 sau dng my
tnh FX570ES thay nhanh khi lng mol cc p n th ch c D ng.
V 0, 01.56 0, 015.72 1, 64 gam + = trng vi khi lng X m bi ra cho. tt nhin ta cn nm khi lng
mol cc p n sau:
A. OHC-CH
2
-CHO(72) v OHC-CHO(58) B. H-CHO(30) v OHC-CH
2
-CHO(58)
C. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-CHO(84) v OHC-CHO(58) D. CH
2
=CH-CHO(56) v OHC-CH
2
-CHO(72)
Nu kh hiu th xem cch sau thi.
Cch 2: nH
2
: n X= 2: 1 Vy hai anehit u cng hiro theo t l 1: 2 loi B
n
Ag
/ n
andehit
= 0,08:0,025 = 3,2 loi A v andehit 2 chc c s mol (0,08- 0,025x2)/2 = 0,015 mol ;
andehit n chc = 0,01 mol phng n D tha mn
Cch 3: n
X
= 0,025 v
2
H
n = 0,05 C 1 lin kt t hoc 2 nhm chc (t l 1 :2)
n
Ag
= 0,08 c 1 anehit 2 chc cn 1 anhit khng no
C
n
H
2n-2
O (x) x + y = 0,025 x = 0,01
C
n
H
2n-2
O
2
(y) 2x + 4y = 0,08 y = 0,015
(14n + 14)0,01 + (14m + 30)0,015 = 1,64 14n + 21m = 105 nhn vo p n d dng chn c
n = m = 3 => D ng
Cu 18: Hn hp kh X gm etilen, metan, propin v vinylaxetilen c t khi so vi H
2
l 17. t chy hon
ton 0,05 mol hn hp X ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo bnh dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(d) th khi lng
bnh tng thm m gam. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 5,85 B. 3,39 C. 6,6 D. 7,3
Hng dn: Gii nhanh:( khng qu 20s cho bi ton ny) .Ta thy 4 cht trn u c 4H nn t X l:
2 2
4 tang CO H O n
C H =>12n+4 =17.2 =>n=2,5=>m = m +m =0,05.2,5.44+0,05.2.18=7,3 gam
=> D ng

cch khc: m
X
= 0,05.34 = 1,7 Coi hn hp l CH
4
v C
4
H
4

x + y = 0,05 (1) v 16x + 52y = 1,7 x = y = 0,025
m = (0,025 + 0,025.4).44 + (0,025.2 + 0,025.2).18 = 7,3 gam
=> D ng

Cu 19: Nhit phn 4,385 gam hn hp X gm KClO
3
v KMnO
4
, thu c O
2
v m gam cht rn gm
K
2
MnO
4
, MnO
2
v KCl . Ton b lng O
2
tc dng ht vi cacbon nng , thu c 0,896 lt hn hp kh
Y (ktc) c t khi so vi H
2
l 16. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca KMnO
4
trong X l:
A. 62,76% B. 74,92% C. 72,06% D. 27,94%
Hng dn: gp bi ton ny chc nhiu th sinh s gp cht rc ri y nh? nhng khng sao c
cch hay m ti gii thiu nhng thi H nm trc ri.
T hn hp X ta c ngay pt:158x + 122,5y = 4,385. s dng my tnh FX570ES tnh khng qu 20S l
tm ra c p n C. V nghim hp l l x=0,02mol, y=0,01mol=>
0, 02.158
% KMnO4 = .100% 72, 06%
4, 385
=

Cch khc:
S dng pp ng cho tnh Y gm CO
2
0,01 v CO 0,03 Bo ton O
2
O
n

= 0,025
2 KMnO
4
K
2
MnO
4
+ MnO
2
+ O
2
v 2 KClO
3
2 KCl + 3 O
2

x 0,5x y 1,5y
Lp h:
0, 02.158
0,5x + 1,5y = 0,025 v 158x + 122,5y = 4,385 (2) x = 0,02 % KMnO4 = .100% 72, 06%
4, 385
=
Cu 20: Cho hi nc i qua than nng , thu c 15,68 lt hn hp kh X (ktc) gm CO, CO
2
v H
2
.
Cho ton b X tc dng ht vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c hn hp cht rn Y. Ha tan ton b Y bng

dung dch HNO
3
(long, d) c 8,96 lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Phn trm th tch kh CO
trong X l:
A. 18,42% B. 28,57% C. 14,28% D. 57,15%
Hng dn: Cch 1:
n
NO
= 0,4 mol n
Cu
= 0,6 = n
O
=
2
H , CO
n m n
hh
= 0,7 mol
2
CO
n = 0,1 mol
2H
2
O + C CO
2
+ 2H
2
H
2
O + C CO + H
2

0,1 0,2 Ta c: 0,2 0,2

CO
0, 2
%V = .100%= 28,57 %
0, 7

Cch 2:
H
2
O + C CO + H
2
; 2H
2
O + C CO
2
+ 2H
2

x x x 2y y 2y
Theo phng trnh v theo gi thit ta c : 2x + 3y = 0,7 (1)
CO +CuO CO
2
+ Cu; H
2
+ CuO H
2
O + Cu
p dng bo ton eletron ta c : 2n
CO
+ 2n
H2
=2n
Cu
=3n
NO
n
CO
+ n
H2
= 0,6 mol
2x +2y = 0,6 (2)T cc phng trnh (1), (2) ta c : x = 0,2 ; y = 0,1Vy
CO
0, 2
%V = .100%= 28,57 %
0, 7

Cu 21: Ha tan cht X vo nc thu c dung dch trong sut, ri thm tip dung dch cht Y th thu
c cht Z (lm vn c dung dch). Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. phenol, natri hiroxit, natri phenolat B. natri phenolat, axit clohiric, phenol
C. phenylamoni clorua, axit clohiric, anilin D. anilin, axit clohiric, phenylamoni clorua
Hng dn: Loi suy da vo H
2
O loi A, D; Da vo HCl loi C
Cu 22: Cho 1,82 gam hn hp bt X gm Cu v Ag (t l s mol tng ng 4 : 1) vo 30 ml dung dch gm
H
2
SO
4
0,5M v HNO
3
2M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c a mol kh NO (sn phm kh
duy nht ca N
+5
). Trn a mol NO trn vi 0,1 mol O
2
thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi
H
2
O, thu c 150 ml dung dch c pH = z. Gi tr ca z l:
A. 1 B. 3 C. 2 D. 4
Hng dn:
Suy lun nhanh: Nhn vo p n th cng suy lun c nh sau
0, 015(*) or 0, 0015(**) or 0, 00015(***) or 0, 000015(****)
H H H H
n n n n
+ + + +
= = = =
(***) v (****) th s mol qu b nn khng th , cn xt cc d kin bi ton th (**) cng
loi lun. Nh vy pH = 1 => A ng.
Gii nhanh: nhn vo p n th cng bit pH = 1 hoc pH = 2 ri( xem thm k nng gii CHA KHA
VNG 9: CHUYN pH nh). ta c: 64.4.x + 108.x = 1,82 x = 0,005 mol ;
+
H
n = 0,09 mol .
3
1 1 0, 015
(0, 02.2 0, 015) 0, 015 0, 015 1
3 3 0,15
NO e HNO NO
H
n n mol n n n mol pH
+
= = + = => = = = => = =
Nu kh hiu th xem cch sau.
Gi n
Ag
= a 64.4a + 108a = 1,82 a = 0,005 ;
+
H
n = 0,09
4H
+
+NO
3
-
+ 3e NO + 2H
2
O vi n
e
= 0,005.4.2 + 0,005 = 0,045
0,06 0,045 0,015 Ag, Cu phn ng ht.
Bo ton cho N : NO NO
2
HNO
3

3
HNO
n = 0,015 [HNO
3
] = [H
+
] = 0,1 pH = 1
Cch khc: nCu = 0,02 ; nAg =0,005 Tng s mol e cho ti a = 0,02.2 +0,005.1 = 0,45
nH
+
= 0,09 mol; nNO
3
-
= 0,06 (d); 4H
+
+NO
3
-
+ 3e NO + 2H
2
O
0,06 0,045 0,015 =>Ag, Cu phn ng ht.
2NO + O
2
2NO
2

0,015 0,0075 0,015

4NO
2
+ O
2
+ 2H
2
O 4HNO
3

0,015 0,015
3
HNO
n = 0,015 [HNO
3
] = [H
+
] = 0,1 pH = 1
Cu 23: Cho cn bng ha hc sau: 2SO
2
(k) + O
2
(k) 2SO
3
(k) ; AH < 0
Cho cc bin php : (1) tng nhit , (2) tng p sut chung ca h phn ng, (3) h nhit , (4) dng
thm cht xc tc V
2
O
5
, (5) gim nng SO
3
, (6) gim p sut chung ca h phn ng. Nhng bin php
no lm cn bng trn chuyn dch theo chiu thun?
A. (2), (3), (4), (6) B. (1), (2), (4) C. (1), (2), (4), (5) D. (2), (3), (5)
HD: Chn D.
2 4 3 4
( )
1 1 33,552 0, 048
. 0, 048 0,12
3 3 233 0, 4
Al SO BaSO
n n mol y M = = = => = =
Cu 24: Cho 400 ml dung dch E gm AlCl
3
x mol/lt v Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
y mol/lt tc dng vi 612 ml dung dch
NaOH 1M, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 8,424 gam kt ta. Mt khc, khi cho 400 ml E tc dng
vi dung dch BaCl
2
(d) th thu c 33,552 gam kt ta. T l x : y l
A. 4 : 3 B. 3 : 4 C. 7 : 4 D. 3 : 2
Hng dn:
Cch 1:
OH
n
= 0,612 vi n
+
= 0,144
3 4 2
) SO ( Al
n = 0,048
+ 3
Al
n = 0,096 (trong Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
)

3
) OH ( Al
n
= 0,108 To + bi AlCl
3
l 0,012 v
OH
n
d
= 0,324
Al
3+
+ 3 OH
-
Al(OH)
3
v Al
3+
+ 4 OH
-
AlO
2
+ 2 H
2
O Bo ton cho
OH
n
0,012 0,036 0,012 0,072 0,288
3
AlCl
n = 0,012 + 0,072 = 0,084
x : y = 0,084 : 0,048 = 7 : 4
Cch 2: S mol Al
3+
= 0,4x +0,8y; nSO
4 = 1,2
y mol,S mol BaSO
4
=0,144 mol = nSO
4
2-
=1,2y y= 0,12
nOH
-
=0,612 mol; nAl(OH)3 = 0,108 mol nOH
-
trong kt ta =0,324 < 0,612 s mol OH
-

trong Al(OH)
4
-
=0,288 mol 0,4x +0,8y=0,108 + (0,288:4) x= 0,21 x:y=7:4
Cu 25: Hn hp X gm O
2
v O
3
c t khi so vi H
2
l 22 . Hn hp kh Y gm metylamin v etylamin c
t khi so vi H
2
l 17,833. t chy hon ton V
1
lt Y cn va V
2
lt X (bit sn phm chy gm CO
2
,
H
2
O v N
2
, cc cht kh khi o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). T l V
1
: V
2
l:
A. 3 : 5 B. 5 : 3 C. 2 : 1 D. 1 : 2
Hng dn: t cng thc ca Y l: N H C
n n 3 2 +
n=
3
4

2 N H C
n n 3 2 +
2 nCO
2
+ (2n+ 3) H
2
O Chn 1 mol Y v Bo ton cho O
1 n
2
3 + n

n
O
= 2n+
2
3 + n
= 5,5 mol m
O
=5,5.16= 88 n
hhX
=
44
88
= 2mol Vy V
1
:V
2
= 1:2=> D ng.
Cu 26: Hn hp X gm hai anehit n chc Y v Z (bit phn t khi ca Y nh hn ca Z). Cho 1,89
gam X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c
18,36 gam Ag v dung dch E. Cho ton b E tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c 0,784 lt CO
2

(ktc). Tn ca Z l:
A. anehit propionic B. anehit butiric C. anehit axetic D. anehit acrylic
Hng dn: gii nhanh: (s dng my tnh FX570ES tnh khng qu 15S)
2 3 2 3
30.0, 035 ( 29).0, 015 1, 89 R = 27 (C H ) C H : R CHO andehit acrylic + + = =>chn D.
Phn tch bi ton: +Trong hn hp anehit ban u c HCHO V cho HCl vo dung dch sau phn
ng trng gng c CO
2
chng t trong dung dch c (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
.
+ HCHO 4Ag + (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
CO
2

0,035 0,14 0,035mol

+ RCHO 2Ag
0,015 0,03
Cch khc: n
Ag
= 0,17 mol.Nu hn hp khng c HCHO M =
085 0
89 1
,
,
= 22,2 loi C HCHO

2
CO
n = n
HCHO
= 0,035 mol n
Ag (HCHO)
= 0,035 .4=0,14mol n
Ag (Z)
= 0,03 n
Z
= 0,015 mol
30.0,035 + 0,015.M = 1,89 M = 56 =>C
2
H
3
-CHO=> D ng
Cu 27: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) Khi t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X bt k, nu thu c s mol CO
2
bng s mol H
2
O th X l
anken.
(b) Trong thnh phn hp cht hu c nht thit phi c cacbon.
(c) Lin kt ha hc ch yu trong hp cht hu c l lin kt cng ha tr.
(d) Nhng hp cht hu c khc nhau c cng phn t khi l ng phn ca nhau
(e) Phn ng hu c thng xy ra nhanh v khng theo mt hng nht nh
(g) Hp cht C
9
H
14
BrCl c vng benzen trong phn t
S pht biu ng l
A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 5
HD: chn (b), (c) l 2 pht biu ng.=> C ng
+ (a) ng: Khi t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X bt k, nu thu c s mol CO
2
bng s mol H
2
O
th X l anken hoc xicloankan.
+ (d) ng: Nhng hp cht hu c khc nhau c cng cng thc phn t l ng phn ca nhau
+ (e) ng: Phn ng hu c thng xy ra chm v khng theo mt hng nht nh
+ (g) ng: Hp cht C
9
H
10
BrCl c vng benzen trong phn t
Cu 28: Ancol v amin no sau y cng bc?
A. (C
6
H
5
)
2
NH v C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH B. C
6
H
5
NHCH
3
v C
6
H
5
CH(OH)CH
3

C. (CH
3
)
3
COH v (CH
3
)
3
CNH
2
D. (CH
3
)
2
CHOH v (CH
3
)
2
CHNH
2

Cu 29: Trong t nhin clo c hai ng v bn:
37
17
Cl chim 24,23% tng s nguyn t, cn li l
35
17
Cl .
Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca
37
17
Cl trong HClO
4
l:
A. 8,92% B. 8,43% C. 8,56% D. 8,79%
Hng dn: Gii nhanh: Cl M = 37.0,2423 + 35.0,7577 = 35,4846 % Cl
37
=
4 16 4846 35 1
2423 0 37
. ,
, .
+ +
= 8,92%
Cu 30: Dy gm cc cht (hoc dung dch) u phn ng c vi dung dch FeCl
2
l:
A. Bt Mg, dung dch NaNO
3
, dung dch HCL B. Bt Mg, dung dch BaCl
2
, dung dch HNO
3

C. Kh Cl
2
, dung dch Na
2
CO
3
, dung dch HCL D. Kh Cl
2
, dung dch Na
2
S, dung dch HNO
3

Hng dn: D ng.
Cu 31: Chia hn hp gm hai n chc X v Y (phn t khi ca X nh hn ca Y) l ng ng k tip
thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- t chy hon ton phn 1 thu c 5,6 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 6,3 gam H
2
O.
- un nng phn 2 vi H
2
SO
4
c 140
0
C to thnh 1,25 gam hn hp ba ete. Ha hi hon ton hn hp
ba ete trn, thu c th tch ca 0,42 gam N
2
(trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut).
Hiu sut ca phn ng to ete ca X, Y ln lt l:
A. 30% v 30% B. 25% v 35% C. 40% v 20% D. 20% v 40%
Hng dn: Cch 1: Gii nhanh:
Phn 1:
O H
n
2
= 0,35mol v
2
CO
n = 0,25mol ancol no,n chc n
HH
=0,35-0,25= 0,1 mol n= 2,5
C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH
p dng CT tnh nhanh:
2
2
CO
ancol H O
V
5, 6
m = m - 6, 3 5, 3
5,6 5, 6
gam = =
Phn 2: p dng CT tnh nhanh
ancol ete H2O
ete
42
m = m + m 1, 25 .18 1, 52 5, 3 1, 52 3,87 46. 60. 3,87(1)
28
0,1 2. =0,1-2.0, 015 0, 7 0, 7(2). (1) (2)=>x=0,03mol,y=0,04mol
ancol du
ancol du
gam m gam x y
n n mol x y tu v
= + = => = = => + =
= = => + =

Hiu sut este ha ca X v Y l 40% v 20%=> C ng.
Ch : +Cng thc tnh khi lng ancol n chc no hoc hn hp ankan n chc no theo khi lng
CO
2
( hoc th tch CO2) v khi lng H
2
O :th ta cn nh CT nhanh sau:

m
ancol
= m
H
2
O
-
11
2
CO
m

hoc
2
CO
ancol H2O
V
m = m -
5,6
( chng minh trong tp 3 cha kha
vng hu c, m bn xem ti liu cha t??? Nu cn th lin lc ly ti liu m n thi cp
tc nh.)
+ p dng bo ton khi lng: m
ancol
= m
ete
+ m
H2O ,
v cn nh: n
ancol
= 2.n
ete
=2.n
H2O ,

Cch 2: P1:
O H
n
2
= 0,35 v
2
CO
n = 0,25 ancol no,n chc n
HH
=0,35-0,25= 0,1 mol
n= 2,5 => C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH
Lp phng trnh cho: x + y = 0,1 v 2x + 3y = 2,5.0,1 = 0,25 Gii ra: x = y = 0,05
P2: C
m
H
2m+2
O n
X
= 0,015 =
O H
n
2
n
ancol
= 0,03 d 0,07 mol
m
ancol d
= 0,05.46 + 0,05.60 1,25 0,015.18 = 3,78
Lp h cho m v n ancol d
= +
= +
07 , 0
78 , 3 60 46
b a
b a

=
=
04 , 0
03 , 0
b
a
H ca X v Y l 40% v 20%
Cch 3: P1 :nCO
2
= 0,25 ; nH
2
O = 0,35 Hai ancol l no, n chc. n
CnH2n+1OH
= 0,1mol
S C TB l 2,5 Hai ancol l C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH, mi cht c 0,05 mol.
P2: n
CmH2m+2O (ete)
= 0,015 mol =nH
2
O, n
2ancol p
= 0,03 n
2ancol d
= 0,07
m
2ancol d
= tng m
2ancol
m
2ancol p ete ha
= 0,05.46+0,05.60- m
ete
- m
H2O
=3,78 gam
= +
= +
07 , 0
78 , 3 60 46
b a
b a

=
=
04 , 0
03 , 0
b
a
Hiu sut este ha ca X v Y l 40% v 20%
Cu 32: Thc hin cc phn ng nhit nhm hn hp gm m gam Al v 4,56 gam Cr
2
O
3
(trong iu kin
khng c O
2
), sau khi phn ng kt thc, thu c hn hp X. Cho ton b X vo mt lng d dung dch
HCl (long, nng), sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 2,016 lt H
2
(ktc). Cn nu cho ton b
X vo mt lng d dung dch NaOH (c, nng), sau khi phn ng kt thc th s mol NaOH phn ng
l:
A. 0,06 mol B. 0,14 mol C. 0,08 mol D. 0,16 mol
Hng dn:
3 2
O Cr
n = 0,03mol
+ 3
Cr
n = 0,06 = n
Cr
= n
Al (P)

) Cr ( H
n
2
= 0,06mol
) Al ( H
n
2
= 0,03mol
n
Al

d
= 0,02 mol n
Al
= 0,06 + 0,02 = 0,08 mol=> C ng ( V Bo ton nguyn t cho Al v Na:
Al NaAlO
2
n
NaOH
= n
Al
= 0,08 ),
Ch : dng bi ton ny( phn ng nhit nhm) kh v phc tp hay ra trong thi HSG nn cn
luyn nhiu c k nng gii ton.
Cch khc: Gi s phn ng xy ra va th n
Cr
= 0,06 mol= n
H2
gii phng, nhng n
H2
gii phng
=0,09mol => nhm d.p dng bo ton electron:Khi nhm phn ng vi Cr
2
O
3
:
3.n
Al phn ng
= 2.3n
Cr2 O3
n
Al p
= 0,06 mol,Khi nhm d v Al
2
O
3
phn ng vi HCl :
3n
Al d
+ 2n
Cr
= 2n
H2
nAl
d
= 0,02 mol. Vy tng s mol Al l 0,08 mol. Sau tt c cc phn ng Al
chuyn thnh NaAlO
2
nn suy ra n
NaOH
= 0,08 mol. => C ng
Cu 33: Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc) vo 100 ml dung dch gm K
2
CO
3
0,2M v KOH x mol/lt ,
sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi dung dch BaCl
2

(d), thu c 11,82 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 1,0 B . 1,4 C. 1,2 D. 1,6
Hng dn: n
+
= 0,06mol, Nhn thy n
CO2
+ n
CO
2
3
ban u
= n
HCO

3
+ n
BaCO3
n
HCO

3
= 0,06 mol
2
3 2 3
( )
2. 0, 06 2.0, 04 0,14 1, 4 ( / t)
OH HCO CO CO
n n n mol x mol l

= = + = => = => B ng.
Phn tch:

CO
2
+2OH
-
CO
3
2-
; CO
2
+ OH
-
HCO
3
-

mol: 0,04 0,08 0,04 0,06 0,06 0,06
Vy n
OH
-
= 0,14 mol. Vy x = 0,14:0,1 = 1,4mol/lt
A. phn bit benzen, toluen v stiren ( iu kin thng) bng phng php ha hc, ch cn dng
thuc th l nc brom.
B. Tt c cc este u tan tt trong nc, khng c, c dng lm cht to hng trong cng nghip
thc phm, m phm.
C. Phn ng gia axit axetic vi ancol benzylic ( iu kin thch hp), to thnh benzyl axetat c mi
thm ca chui chn.
D. Trong phn ng este ha gia CH
3
COOH vi CH
3
OH, H
2
O to nn t -OH trong nhm
-COOH ca axit v H trong nhm -OH ca ancol.
Cu 35: Cho cc t sau: t xenluloz axetat, t capron, t nitron, t visco, t nilon-6,6. C bao nhiu t
thuc loi t poliamit?
A. 2 B. 1 C. 4 D. 3
HD: , t capron, t nilon-6,6.
Cu 36: Cho cc pht biu sau v cacbohirat:
(a) Glucoz v saccaroz u l cht rn c v ngt, d tan trong nc.
(b) Tinh bt v xenluloz u l polisaccarit
(c) Trong dung dch, glucoz v saccaroz u ha tan Cu(OH)
2
, to phc mu xanh lam.
(d) Khi thy phn hon ton hn hp gm tinh bt v saccaroz trong mi trng axit, ch thu c mt
loi monosaccarit duy nht.
(e) Khi un nng glucoz (hoc fructoz) vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
thu c Ag.
(g) Glucoz v saccaroz u tc dng vi H
2
(xc tc Ni, un nng) to sobitol.
S pht biu ng l:
A. 6 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
HD: (a) Glucoz v saccaroz u l cht rn c v ngt, d tan trong nc.
(b) Tinh bt v xenluloz u l polisaccarit
(c) Trong dung dch, glucoz v saccaroz u ha tan Cu(OH)
2
, to phc mu xanh lam.
(e) Khi un nng glucoz (hoc fructoz) vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
thu c Ag.
Cu 37: Cho ba dung dch c cng nng mol : (1) H
2
NCH
2
COOH, (2) CH
3
COOH, (3) CH
3
CH
2
NH
2
.
Dy xp theo th t pH tng dn l:
A. (3), (1), (2) B. (1), (2), (3) C. (2) , (3) , (1) D. (2), (1), (3)
HD: : (1) H
2
NCH
2
COOH (pH=7. gn bng 7), (2) CH
3
COOH (pH<7), (3) CH
3
CH
2
NH
2
(pH>7)
Cu 38: Hn hp X gm vinyl axetat, metyl axetat v etyl fomat. t chy hon ton 3,08 gam X, thu c
2,16 gam H
2
O. Phn trm s mol ca vinyl axetat trong X l:
A. 25% B. 27,92% C. 72,08% D. 75%
Hng dn: Gii nhanh:(khng qu 15S cho bi ton ny) 86x + 74y = 3,08 nghim hp l x
= 0,01mol (y=0,03mol) % C
4
H
6
O
2
= 25%.
Phn tch bi ton:
Th nht: nhn vo p n cng bit c A: 25% ng v y l % s mol. v khng th l D:75%.
Th hai: nu l % v khi lng th B: 27,92% ng v khng th l C:72,08%.
Th ba: metyl axetat v etyl fomat l ng phn ca nhau v c khi lng mol=74.
Th t: nhn vo 2,16g nc th
2
0, 04
3
H O
HH
n
n mol = = , s dng my tnh th s chn c A:25% ng
Cch khc:
O H
n
2
= 0,12mol Thay hn hp bng :
2 6
O H C
n
3 H
2
O
2
0, 04
3
H O
HH
n
n mol = =
C
4
H
6
O
2
(x) x + y = 0,04 ; C
3
H
6
O
2
(y) 86x + 74y = 3,08 x = 0,01 % C
4
H
6
O
2
= 25%
Cu 39: Hn hp M gm mt anehit v mt ankin (c cng s nguyn t cacbon). t chy hon ton x
mol hn hp M, thu c 3x mol CO
2
v 1,8x mol H
2
O. Phn trm s mol ca anehit trong hn hp M l:
A. 20% B. 50% C. 40% D. 30%
Hng dn:gii nhanh: khng mt tnh tng qut ta gi s x=1mol.

2
3 4 3 3 n
3 : C H ( ), : C H O=> n=2 hay H 3, 6
CO
M
n
C ankinl CH C CH andehit l CH C CHOv
n
= = => =
p dng pp ng cho:
3 2
3 2
3 4
2 ( ) 4 3, 6 0, 4 1 0, 2
% 25%
4 ( ) 3, 6 2 1, 6 4 0, 8
H C H O
C H O
H C H

= = = = => =
=> A ng
Cch khc: x mol M 3x mol CO
2
n = 3 ankin l C
3
H
4
v anehit l C
3
H
m
O

2 H O
n = 1,8 x m= 3,6 m = 2 (V C
3
H
4
c s H > 3,6) CH CHO C
Gi x l s mol C
3
H
4
c trong 1 mol hn hp: 4x + 2(1 x )= 3,6 x = 0,8 n
anehit
= 0,2 => A ng
Cu 40: Cho dy cc cht: SiO
2
, Cr(OH)
3
, CrO
3
, Zn(OH)
2
, NaHCO
3
, Al
2
O
3
. S cht trong dy tc dng c
vi dung dch NaOH( c, nng) l
A. 6 B. 3 C. 5 D. 4
PHN RING (10 cu)
Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn (phn A hoc B)
Cu 41: S ng phn cu to ca C
5
H
10
phn ng c vi dung dch brom l:
A. 8 B. 9 C. 5 D. 7
Cu 42: X l hn hp gm H
2
v hi ca hai anehit (no, n chc, mch h, phn t u c s nguyn t C
nh hn 4), c t khi so vi heli l 4,7. un nng 2 mol X (xc tc Ni), c hn hp Y c t khi hi so vi
heli l 9,4. Thu ly ton b cc ancol trong Y ri cho tc dng vi Na (d), c V lt H
2
(ktc). Gi tr ln
nht ca V l
A. 22,4 B. 5,6 C. 11,2 D. 13,44
Hng dn:
Cch 1: p dng LBTKL ta c :
2 2
X Y X X Y Y
9, 4 2 1
m = m -> n .M = n .M => = 0, 5 11, 2 t
4, 7 1 2
X Y
H ancol H
Y X
n M
n n mol V l
n M
= = => = = => =
Cch 2:
2
1
d
d
=
1
2
n
n
=
4 9
7 4
,
,
=
2
1
Chn n
2
= 1 n
1
= 2 H
2
ht, n
ancol
= 1mol
2
H
n = 0,5 mol V = 11,2 lit
A. Nhm l kim loi dn in tt hn vng.
B. Ch (Pb) c ng dng ch to thit b ngn cn tia phng x.
C. Trong y hc, ZnO c dng lm thuc gim au dy thn kinh, cha bnh eczema, bnh nga
D. Thic c th dng ph ln b mt ca st chng g.
Cu 44: Cht hu c X mch h c dng H
2
N-R-COOR
'
(R, R' l cc gc hirocacbon), phn trm khi
lng nit trong X l 15,73%. Cho m gam X phn ng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH, ton b lng ancol
sinh ra cho tc dng ht vi CuO (un nng) c anehit Y (ancol ch b oxi ha thnh anehit). Cho ton
b Y tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 12,96 gam Ag kt ta. Gi tr ca m
l:
A. 2,67 B. 4,45 C. 5,34 D. 3,56
Hng dn: Gii nhanh:
2 2 3
= 14.0,1573= 89 =>X l H N-CH COOCH
X
M
3
1 0,12
0, 03 0, 03.89 2, 67
4 4
X CH OH HCHO Ag X
n n n n mol m gam = = = = = => = = => A ng
Cu 45: Cho dy cc cht sau: Al, NaHCO
3
, (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
, NH
4
Cl, Al
2
O
3
, Zn, K
2
CO
3
, K
2
SO
4
. C bao nhiu
cht trong dy va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl, va tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
HD: Al, NaHCO
3
, (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
, Al
2
O
3
, Zn,
Cu 46: Cho m gam bt Zn vo 500 ml dung dch Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,24M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,
khi lng dung dch tng thm 9,6 gam so vi khi lng dung dch ban u. Gi tr ca m l
A.32,50 B. 20,80 C. 29,25 D. 48,75
Hng dn:
Gii nhanh:

Cch 1:
2 4 3
( ) (sinh )
9, 6 7, 8
65.( ) 65.(0,12 ) 65.0, 32 20,8 dung
9
Zn Fe SO Fe ra
m n n gam B
= + = + = = =>
Phn tch bi ton:+ Cch ny th nhanh, song cn phi c u c tng tng,
+Nu khng th dng ny bn phi lm nhiu ln.
+ Bn phi bit p dng pp tng gim khi lng thun thc nh cho mi c.
+ nu kh hiu th xem cch sau vy.
Cch 2:
+ 3
Fe
n = 0,5.0,24.2 = 0,24 Ta c: Zn + 2 Fe
3+
Fe
2+
+ Zn
2+

0,12 0,24 .................. Am
1
= 7,8
Zn + Fe
2+

Zn
2+
+ Fe Am
2
= 9a = 9,6 7,8 a = 0,2mol n
Zn
= 0,12+0,2=0,32mol
m = 0,32.65 = 20,8gam => B ng.
Cch 3: ti s lm cho cc bn lc no hiu th thi m. ptpu xy ra nh sau.
2Fe
3+
+ Zn

2Fe
2+
+ Zn
2+

0,24

0,12 0,24 0,12
Fe
2+
+ Zn

Fe + Zn
2+

x

x x x
V trc v sau phn ng tng khi lng khng i nn sau phn ng khi lng dung dch tng 9,6
gam th khi lng kim loi gim 9,6 gam = m
Zn phn ng
-
mFe sinh ra
= (0,12+x)65 56x = 9,6

x= 0,2mol
Vy m
Zn
=(0,2 + 0,12)65 = 20,8 gam
Ch : Nu khi lng dung dich tng 13,44 gam th qu n gin ri, ng khng???th xem ti sao????

Cu 47: Nhit phn mt lng AgNO
3
c cht rn X v hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b Y vo mt lng d
H
2
O, thu c dung dch Z. Cho ton b X vo Z, X ch tan mt phn v thot ra kh NO (sn phm kh duy
nht). Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Phn trm khi lng ca X phn ng l
A.25% B. 60% C. 70% D. 75%
Hng dn: Bo ton nguyn t: n
Ag
=
3
HNO
n chn = 1
3 Ag + 4 HNO
3
3 AgNO
3
+ NO + 2 H
2
O
0,75 1
Cu 48: Cho butan qua xc tc ( nhit cao) thu c hn hp X gm C
4
H
10
, C
4
H
8
, C
4
H
6
, H
2
. T khi
ca X so vi butan l 0,4. Nu cho 0,6 mol X vo dung dch brom (d) th s mol brom ti a phn ng l
A. 0,48 mol B. 0,36 mol C. 0,60 mol D. 0,24 mol
Hng dn:
2
1
d
d
=
1
2
n
n
=
1
4 0,
chn n
2
= 1 n
1
= 0,4 An = 0,6 = n
khng no + Hiddro

Trong 0,6 mol c 0,6.0,6 = 0,36
Cu 49: Trong qu gc chn rt giu hm lng:
A.ete ca vitamin A B. este ca vitamin A C. -caroten D. vitamin A
(a) Anehit va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh
(b) Phenol tham gia phn ng th brom kh hn benzen
(c) Anehit tc dng vi H
2
(d) c xc tc Ni un nng, thu c ancol bc mt
(d) Dung dch axit axetic tc dng c vi Cu(OH)
2

(e) Dung dch phenol trong nc lm qu tm ha
(f) Trong cng nghip, axeton c sn xut t cumen
S pht biu ng l
A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2
Cu 51:Pht biu khng ng l
A.Etylamin tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thng to ra etanol
B.Protein l nhng polopeptit cao phn t c phn t khi t vi chc nghn n vi chc triu
C.Metylamin tan trong nc cho dung dch c mi trng baz
D.ipeptit glyxylalanin (mch h) c 2 lin kt peptit

(a) Nhit phn AgNO
3
(b) Nung FeS
2
trong khng kh
(c) Nhit phn KNO
3
(d) Cho dung dch CuSO
4
vo dung dch NH
3
(d)

(e) Cho Fe vo dung dch CuSO
4
(g) Cho Zn vo dung dch FeCl
3
(d)
(h) Nung Ag
2
S trong khng kh (i) Cho Ba vo dung dch CuSO
4
(d)
S th nghim thu c kim loi sau khi cc phn ng kt thc l
A. 3 B. 5 C. 2 D. 4
HD: (a) Nhit phn AgNO
3
-> Ag+NO2+O2

(e) Cho Fe vo dung dch CuSO
4
-> FeSO
4
+Cu
(h) Nung Ag
2
S trong khng kh-> Ag+SO2
Cu 53: Ha tan 25 gam hn hp X gm FeSO
4
v Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
vo nc, thu c 150 ml dung dch Y. Thm
H
2
SO
4
(d) vo 20ml dung dch Y ri chun ton b dung dch ny bng dung dch KMnO
4
0,1M th dng
ht 30 ml dung dch chun. Phn trm khi lng FeSO
4
trong hn hp X l
A.13,68% B. 68,4% C. 9,12% D. 31,6%
Hng dn:
s mol KMnO
4
: 0,03 x 0,1 = 0,003 mol
Mn
+7
+ 5 e Mn
+2
Fe
+2
-1e Fe
+3
0,003 0,015 mol 0,015
0,015
s mol FeSO
4
trong 150 ml dd Y: 0,015 x 150/20 = 0,1125 mol
4
FeSO
0,1125 x 152
% m = .100% = 68,4%
25

(1)CH
3
CHO
+HCN
X
1
+
+
0
2
t , H , O H

X
2

(2)C
2
H
5
Br
+ Ete , Mg
Y
1
+
2
CO

Y
2
+HCl

Y
3

Cc cht hu c X
1
,

X
2
,

Y
1
, Y
2
,

Y
3
l cc sn phm chnh. Hai cht X
2
, Y
3
ln lt l
A. axit 3-hirxipropanoic v ancol propylic. B. axit axetic v ancol propylic.
C. axit 2-hirxipropanoic v axit propanoic D. axit axetic v axit propanoic.
Cu 55: Hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch h Y v Z (phn t khi ca Y nh hn ca Z). t
chy hon ton a mol X, sau phn ng thu c a mol H
2
O. Mt khc, nu a mol X tc dng vi lng d
dung dch NaHCO
3
, th thu c 1,6a mol CO
2
. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Y trong X l
A. 46,67% B. 40,00% C. 25,41% D. 74,59%
Hng dn: a mol X a mol H
2
O ch s H = 2 vi a mol X 1,6 mol CO
2
c 1 axit 2 chc
HCOOH (x) v HOOC COOH (y) x + y = 1 v x + 2y = 1,6 x = 0,4 v y = 0,6
%Y =
90 6 0 46 4 0
46 4 0
. , . ,
. ,
+
= 25,41% => C ng
Cch khc: s nguyn t H trong axit l s chn m a mol X khi chy to a mol H
2
O chng t trong cc cht
Y, Z mi phn t ch c 2 nguyn t H: Y l HCOOH, Z l: HOOC COOH
n
Z
= 1,6a a = 0,6a; n
Y
= 0,4a
%m
Y
= (46 x 0,4a)/ ( 46 x 0,4a + 90 x 0,6a) = 25,41% => C ng
Cu 56: Cho 5,6 gam CO v 5,4 gam H
2
O vo mt bnh kn dung tch khng i 10 lt. Nung nng bnh mt
thi gian 830
0
C h t n trng thi cn bng: CO (k) + H
2
O (k) CO
2
(k) + H
2
(k) (hng s cn bng
K
c
= 1). Nng cn bng ca CO, H
2
O ln lt l
A. 0,018M v 0,008 M B. 0,012M v 0,024M
C. 0,08M v 0,18M D. 0,008M v 0,018M
Hng dn: n
CO
= 0,2 v
O H
n
2
= 0,3 Ta c: CO (k) + H
2
O (k) CO
2
(k) + H
2
(k)
Ban u: 0,2 0,3
Phn ng : x x x x
Cn bng: (0,2 x) (0,3 x) x x
k =
) x , )( x , (
x
3 0 2 0
2
= 1 x = 0,12 n
CO
= 0,08 [CO] = 0,008 v
O H
n
2
= 0,18 [H
2
O] = 0,018
Cu 57: Thy phn hn hp gm 0,02 mol saccaroz v 0,01 mol mantoz mt thi gian thu c dung dch
X (hiu sut phn ng thy phn mi cht u l 75%). Khi cho ton b X tc dng vi mt lng d dung
dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
th lng Ag thu c l

A.0,090 mol B. 0,095 mol C. 0,12 mol D. 0,06 mol
Hng dn: Gii nhanh: (s dng my tnh FX570ES tnh khng qu 15S)
75 25
(4.0, 02 4.0, 01) .2.0, 01 0, 095
100 100
Ag
n mol = + + = => B ng:
Phn tch bi ton: + Nu khng ch n hiu sut phn ng thy phn mi cht u l 75% ngha l
mantoz cn d 0,25% v tham gia phn ng trng gng th kt qu s l:
75
(4.0, 02 4.0, 01) 0, 09
100
Ag
n mol = + = => A sai.
+ Nu khng ch n hiu sut phn ng thy phn mi cht u l 75% th kt qu s l khng th trnh
khi:
(4.0, 02 4.0, 01) 0,12
Ag
n mol = + = => C sai.
+ Nhn xt: bi ton ny tuy n gin nhng rt hay, i hi th sinh phi tht s tnh to, v lm dng ny
nhiu ln ri th ch s dng my tnh l tm ra kt qu ngay.
+ Tuy l bi ton trc nghim nhng l gio vin luyn thi th cng nn hng dn cho HS rn luyn tnh
cn thn, nhng cng phi nhanh nhn trong cch s dng my tnh.
+ Nu khng hiu lm th xem cch sau:
Cch khc: 0,02 mol saccaroz 0,02.2.0,75 = 0,03 nAg = 0,06
0,01 mol mantoz 0,01.2.0,75 = 0,015 nAg = 0,03
Cn 0,0225 mol mantoz n
Ag
= 0,0025.2 = 0,005 n
Ag
= 0,095 mol
Cu 58: Cho m gam bt Cu vo 400 ml dung dch AgNO
3
0,2M, sau mt thi gian phn ng thu c 7,76
gam hn hp cht rn X v dung dch Y. Lc tch X, ri thm 5,85 gam bt Zn vo Y, sau khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton thu c 10,53 gam cht rn Z. Gi tr ca m l
A.3,84 B. 6,40 C. 5,12 D. 5,76
Hng dn: n
Ag
= 0,08 Cu + 2 Ag
+
Cu
2+
+ 2 Ag
a 2a a Trong Y c: a mol Cu
2+
v (0,08 2a) Ag
+

n
Zn
= 0,09 Trong X c: m 64a + 2a.108 = 7,76 m = 7,76 152a (1)
Bo ton e : n
e
= 0,08 = 2x x = 0,04 n
Zn d
= 0,05 m = 3,25
64a + (0,08 2a).108 = 10,53 3,25 = 7,28 152a = 1,36 m = 7,76 1,36 = 6,4gam
Cu 59: Trong qu trnh hot ng ca pin in ha Zn Cu th
A. khi lng ca in cc Zn tng B. nng ca ion Cu
2+
trong dung dch tng
C. nng ca ion Zn
2+
trong dung dch tng D. khi lng ca in cc Cu gim
(a) C th dng nc brom phn bit glucoz v fructoz
(b) Trong mi trng axit, glucoz v fructoz c th chuyn ha ln nhau
(c) C th phn bit glucoz v fructoz bng phn ng vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3

(d) Trong dung dch, glucoz v fructoz u ha tan Cu(OH)
2
nhit thng cho dd mu xanh lam
(e)Trong dung dch, fructoz tn ti ch yu dng mch h
(f) Trong dung dch, glucoz tn ti ch yu dng mch vng 6 cnh (dng v )S pht biu ng l
A.5 B. 3 C. 2 D. 4
HD: (a) C th dng nc brom phn bit glucoz v fructoz
(d) Trong dung dch, glucoz v fructoz u ha tan Cu(OH)
2
nhit thng cho dd mu xanh lam
(f) Trong dung dch, glucoz tn ti ch yu dng mch vng 6 cnh (dng v )

Trang 1/10 - M thi 384

HNG DN GII THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2012
Mn thi : HA, khi A - M : 384

Cho bit nguyn t khi ca cc nguyn t :
H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35,5;
K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52, Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Ag=108; Ba = 137.
PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40):
Cu 1 : Nguyn t R to c cation R
+
. Cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng ca R
+
( trng
thi c bn) l 2p
6
. Tng s ht mang in trong nguyn t R l:
A. 11. B. 10. C. 22. D. 23.
Gii: S proton P = 10 +1 = 11. S ht mang in: P + E = 2P = 22. (Cu ny cho im)
Cu 2: in phn 150 ml dung dch AgNO
3
1M vi in cc tr trong t gi, cng dng in
khng i 2,68A (hiu sut qu trnh in phn l 100%), thu c cht rn X, dung dch Y v kh Z.
Cho 12,6 gam Fe vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 14,5 gam hn hp kim loi v kh
NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N
+5
). Gi tr ca t l:
A. 0.8. B. 0,3. C. 1,0. D. 1,2.
Gii: Hn hp kim loi: Ag v Fe
d

PT in phn: 4AgNO
3
+ 2H
2
O 4HNO
3
+ 4Ag + O
2

B: 0.15 (mol)
P: x x (mol)
Sau p: 0.15-x x (mol)
Khi cho Fe vo: Fe + (AgNO
3d
, HNO
3
) Ag, Fe v Fe
2+
(do Fe d)
Bo ton electron: n
e nhn
= 0.75*n
HNO3
+ n
AgNO3
= 0.75*x + 0.15 x = 0.15 0.25x (mol)
n
e nhng
= 2 n
Fe2+
= n
e nhn
n
Fe2+
= 0.075 0.125x (mol)
Khi lng hh KL: 12.6m
KL
= m
Fe d
+ m
Ag
= m
Fe ban u
m
Fe p
+ m
Ag

14.5 = 12.6 56*(0.075 0.125x) + 108*(0.15 x)
x = 0.1 (mol) n
Ag
= 0.1 n
e in phn
= t*I/96500
0.1 = t*2.68/96500 t = 3600s = 1 gi.
(a) Cht bo c gi chung l triglixerit hay triaxylglixerol.
(b) Cht bo nh hn nc, khng tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu trongng mi hu c.
(c) Phn ng thy phn cht bo trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch.
(d) Tristearin, triolein c cng thc ln lt l: (C
17
H
33
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
, (C
17
H
35
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
.
S pht biu ng l:
A. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 1.
Gii: (a), (b), (c) ng. Pht biu cui sai: tristearin (C
17
H
35
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
, triolein (C
17
H
33
COO)
3
C
3
H
5

Cu 4: Cho dy cc cht: stiren, ancol benzylic, anilin, toluen, phenol (C
6
H
5
OH). S cht trong dy
c kh nng lm mt mu nc brom l:
A. 4. B. 3. C. 5. D. 2.
Gii: 3 cht: stiren, anilin, phenol (C
6
H
5
OH).
Cu 5: Cho cc phn ng sau :
(a) H
2
S + SO
2
(b) Na
2
S
2
O
3
+ dung dch H
2
SO
4
(long)
(c) SiO
2
+ Mg
0
ti le mol 1:2
t
(d) Al
2
O
3
+ dung dch NaOH
(e) Ag + O
3
(g) SiO
2
+ dung dch HF
S phn ng to ra n cht l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 3.
Gii: (a) 2H
2
S + SO
2
S + H
2
O + 3S
(b) Na
2
S
2
O
3
+ H
2
SO
4
(long) Na
2
SO
4
+ SO
2
+ S + H
2
O
(c) SiO
2
+ 2Mg
0
ti le mol 1:2
t
Si + 2MgO
(e) Ag + O
3
AgO + O
2

Cu 6: Cho s phn ng :


(a) X + H
2
O
xuctac
Y
(b) Y + AgNO
3
+ NH
3
+ H
2
O amoni gluconat + Ag + NH
4
NO
3

(c) Y
xuctac
E + Z
(d) Z + H
2
O
anhsang
chat diepluc
X + G
X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. Tinh bt, glucoz, etanol. B. Tinh bt, glucoz, cacbon ioxit.
C. Xenluloz, saccaroz, cacbon ioxit. D. Xenluloz, fructoz, cacbon ioxit.
Gii: P (a): loi D v xenlulozo thu phn tinh bt to ra sn phm cui cng l glucozo.
P (b): Y c kh nng tham gia p trng bc Loi C.
P (d): Z tham gia p quang hp Z l CO
2
quang hp to ra tinh bt p n B.
Cu 7: Qung no sau y giu st nht?
A. Pirit st. B. Hematit . C. Manhetit. D. Xierit.
Gii: Cu ny ging kh.A-2008.
Manhetit-Fe
3
O
4
giu st nht (72.41%), pirit-FeS
2
ngho st nht (46.67%).
Cu 8: Hn hp X c khi lng 82,3 gam gm KClO
3
, Ca (ClO
3
)
2
, CaCl
2
v KCl. Nhit phn hon
ton X thu c 13,44 lt O
2
(ktc), cht rn Y gm CaCl
2
v KCl. Ton b Y tc dng va vi
0,3 lt dung dch K
2
CO
3
1M thu c dung dch Z. Lng KCl trong Z nhiu gp 5 ln lng KCl
trong X. Phn trm khi lng KCl trong X l:
A. 25,62%. B. 12,67%. C. 18,10%. D. 29,77%.
Gii: Khi lng rn Y: m
Y
= m
X
m
O2
= 82.3 13.44/22.4*32 = 63.1 (gam)
Trong Y: CaCl
2
, KCl m
CaCl2
+ m
KCl
= 63.1 (1)
P: CaCl
2
+ K
2
CO
3
2KCl + CaCl
2

0.3 0.3 mol 0.6 mol m
CaCl2
= 33.3 gam
T (1) m
KCl trong Y
= 29.8 g m
KCl trong Z
= 29.8 + 0.6*74.5 = 74.5 gam
Theo : m
KCl trong Z
= 5*m
KCl trong Y
m
KCl trong X
= 74.5/5 = 14.9 gam
% m
KCl trong X
= 14.9/82.3 = 18.1%
Cu 9: Hn hp M gm mt anken v hai amin no, n chc, mch h X v Y l ng ng k tip
(M
X
< M
Y
). t chy hon ton mt lng M cn dng 4,536 lt O
2
(ktc) thu c H
2
O, N
2
v 2,24
lt CO
2
(ktc). Cht Y l:
A. etylmetylamin. B. butylamin. C. etylamin. D. propylamin.
Gii: Thy A v D u c CTPT C
3
H
9
N Loi A v D v thiu s liu ko th xc nh CTCT.
Bo ton ngt O ta c: 2n
O2
= 2n
CO2
+ n
H2O
n
H2O
= 0.205 mol
S mol amin: n
amin
= = 0.07 (Do anken t to ra n
CO2
= n
H2O
)
S C
TB ca 2 amin
< 0.1/0.07 = 1.429 2 amin l CH
5
N v C
2
H
7
N
Cu 10: Dy cht no sau y u th hin tnh oxi ha khi phn ng vi SO
2
?
A. H
2
S, O
2
, nc brom. B. O
2
, nc brom, dung dch KMnO
4
.
C. Dung dch NaOH, O
2
, dung dch KMnO
4
. D. Dung dch BaCl
2
, CaO, nc brom.
Gii: Loi: A c H
2
S, C c NaOH, D c BaCl
2
v CaO Cu B ng.
Cu 11: Trong ancol X, oxi chim 26,667% v khi lng. un nng X vi H
2
SO
4
c thu c
anken Y. Phn t khi ca Y l
A. 56. B. 70. C. 28. D. 42.
Gii: X tch nc to anken suy ra X l ancol no, n, mch h CTPT: C
n
H
2n+2
O
M
x
= 16/0.26667 = 60 M
Y
= 60 18 = 42 (C
3
H
6
)
Cu 12: Cho 2,8 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch gm AgNO
3
0,1M v Cu(NO
3
)
2
0,5M; khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam cht rn X. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,72. B. 4,08. C. 4,48. D. 3,20.
Gii: Fe Fe
2+
+ 2e Ag
+
+ 1e Ag
0.05 0.1 mol 0.02 0.04 mol 0.02 mol
Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu
0,1-0,02=0.08 0.04 mol
m
rn
= 0.02*108 + 0.04*64 = 4.72 gam.


Cu 13: Hirat ha 5,2 gam axetilen vi xc tc HgSO
4
trong mi trng axit, un nng. Cho ton
b cc cht hu c sau phn ng vo mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
thu c 44,16 gam
kt ta. Hiu sut phn ng hirat ha axetilen l:
A. 80%. B. 70%. C. 92%. D. 60%.
Gii: P: C
2
H
2
+ H
2
O CH
3
CHO + H
2
O
CH
3
CHO (x mol) 2Ag
C
2
H
2
(y mol) C
2
Ag
2

Ta c hpt: x + y = 5.2/26 = 0.2 mol (1) 108*2x + 240*y = 44.16 (2)
x = 0.16 mol, y = 0.04 mol H = 0.16/0.2 = 0.8 = 80%
Cu 14: Hn hp X gm 2 amino axit no (ch c nhm chc COOH v NH
2
trong phn t), trong
t l m
O
: m
N
= 80 : 21. tc dng va vi 3,83 gam hn hp X cn 30 ml dung dch HCl
1M. Mt khc, t chy hon ton 3,83 gam hn hp X cn 3,192 lt O
2
(ktc). Dn ton b sn
phm chy (CO
2
, H
2
O v N
2
) vo nc vi trong d th khi lng kt ta thu c l:
A. 20 gam. B. 13 gam. C. 10 gam. D. 15 gam.
Gii: n
NH2
= n
HCl
= 0.03 mol n
N
= 0.03 mol m
N
= 0.42 gam
m
O
= 80/21*0.42 = 1.6 gam n
O
= 0.1 mol
Thnh phn ca hn hp X gm C: x mol, H: y mol, O: 0.1 mol v N: 0.03 mol.
Ta c: m
X
= m
C
+ m
H
+ m
N
+ m
O
3.83 = 12x + y + 0.42 + 1.6 (gam) 12x + y = 1.81 (1)
Theo L bo ton nguyn t ta c: n
O trong X
+ 2n
O2
= 2n
CO2
+ n
H2O

0.1 + 2*0.1425 = 2x + 0.5y

2x + 0.5y = 0.385 (2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra: x = 0.13, y = 0.25 (mol) n
CaCO3
= n
CO2
= 100x = 13 (gam)
Cu 15: Cho cc cp oxi ha kh c sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh oxi ha ca dng oxi ha
nh sau: Fe
2+
/Fe, Cu
2+
/Cu, Fe
3+
/Fe
2+
. Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Cu
2+
oxi ha c Fe
2+
thnh Fe
3+
. B. Fe
3+
oxi ha c Cu thnh Cu
2+
.
C. Cu kh c Fe
3+
thnh Fe. D. Fe
2+
oxi ha c Cu thnh Cu
2+
.
Gii: Cu ny cho im ri.! Qu c bn.
Cu 16: t chy hon ton 7,6 gam hn hp gm mt axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h v
mt ancol n chc (c s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t khc nhau) thu c 0,3 mol CO
2
v 0,4
mol H
2
O. Thc hin phn ng este ha 7,6 gam hn hp trn vi hiu sut 80% thu c m gam
este. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,08. B. 6,12. C. 8,16. D. 2,04.
Gii: t hn hp: n
H2O
> n
CO2
Ancol no, n, h n
ancol
= 0.4 0.3 = 0.1 (mol)
S C ca ancol: C
ancol
< 0.3/0.1 = 3 C
ancol
= 1 hoc 2
+ Vi C
ancol
= 1 l CH
3
OH m
axit
= 7.6 0.1*32 = 4.4 gam, n
CO2 do t axit
= 0.3 0.1 = 0.2 mol
= n = 4 2 (nhn) Axit l C
3
H
7
COOH 0.05 mol
Thc hin phn ng este ho 7.6 g hn hp to ra C
3
H
7
COOCH
3
: n
axit
= 0.05 < n
ancol
= 0.1
n
este
= 0.05*80% = 0.04 mol m
este
= 0.04*(87+15) = 4.08 gam
Cu 17: Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t R trong hp cht kh vi hiro (R c s oxi ha thp
nht) v trong oxit cao nht tng ng l a% v b%, vi a : b = 11 : 4. Pht biu no sau y l
ng?
A. Oxit cao nht ca R iu kin thng l cht rn.
B. Nguyn t R ( trng thi c bn) c 6 electron s.
C. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc, R thuc chu k 3.
D. Phn t oxit cao nht ca R khng c cc.
Gii: t 2 hp cht l RH
8-n
v R
2
O
n
ta c: =

Ta xt vi n = {4, 5, 6, 7}(Ch nhm VII c flo c bit OF
2
nhng bi ny ko gi th)
th vi n = 4 ta c R = 12 R l Cacbon Pht oxit cao nht l CO
2
v pht CO
2
ko phn cc.


Cu 18: Hn hp X gm axit fomic, axit acrylic, axit oxalic v axit axetic. Cho m gam X phn ng
ht vi dung dch NaHCO
3
thu c 1,344 lt CO
2
(ktc). t chy hon ton m gam X cn 2,016 lt
O
2
(ktc), thu c 4,84 gam CO
2
v a gam H
2
O. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 1,62. B. 1,80. C. 3,60. D. 1,44.
Gii: Bo ton ngt O: n
O trong axit
= 2*n
CO2
= 2*1.344/22.4 = 0.12 mol
Theo L bo ton ngt ta c: n
O trong axit
+ 2*n
O2
= 2*n
CO2
+ n
H2O

0.12 + 2*0.09 = 2*0.11 + n
H2O
n
H2O
= 0.08 mol m
H2O
= 1.44g
Cu 19: Hn hp X gm Fe
3
O
4
v Al c t l mol tng ng 1 : 3. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm
X (khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 2hn hp gm
A. Al
2
O
3
v Fe. B. Al, Fe v Al
2
O
3
.
C. Al, Fe, Fe
3
O
4
v Al
2
O
3
. D. Al
2
O
3
, Fe v Fe
3
O
4
.
Gii: Ta c: n
e nhn max
= 8*n
Fe2O3
= 8 n
e nhng max
= 3*n
Al
= 3*3 = 9
Al d Sn phm: Fe, Al
2
O
3
v Al
d

Cu 20: Hp cht X c cng thc C
8
H
14
O
4
. T X thc hin cc phn ng (theo ng t l mol):
(a) X + 2NaOH X
1
+ X
2
+ H
2
O (b) X
1
+ H
2
SO
4
X
3
+ Na
2
SO
4

(c) nX
3
+ nX
4
nilon-6,6 + 2nH
2
O (d) 2X
2
+ X
3
X
5
+ 2H
2
O
Phn t khi ca X
5
l:
A. 198. B. 202. C. 216. D. 174.
Gii: Bi nay gi t l p (a) to ra 1mol ancol nhng p (d) tc dng vi 2 mol ancol.
T phn ng (3) X
3
l axit aipic HOOC-[CH
2
]
4
-COOH X
2
l C
2
H
5
OH
P este ho: HOOC-[CH
2
]
4
-COOH + 2 C
2
H
5
OH C
2
H
5
OOC-[CH
2
]
4
-COO C
2
H
5
+ 2H
2
O
M
X5
= 202 (X
3
) (X
2
) (X
5
) M
X5
= 202
Cu 21: Cho 500ml dung dch Ba (OH)
2
0,1M vo V ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,1M; sau khi cc
phn ng kt thc thu c 12,045 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 75. B. 150. C. 300. D. 200.
Gii: Ta c: n
Ba2+
= 0.5*0.1 = 0.05 mol
G/s n
Ba
< n
SO4
n
BaSO4
= 0.05 mol m
BaSO4
= 0.05*233 = 11.65 gam
m
Al(OH)3
= 12.045 11.65 = 0.005064102 (s mol l) TH ny loi.
n
SO4

< n
Ba2+
. t n
Al2(SO4)3
= x mol n
Al
= 2x (mol), n
SO4
= 3x mol. 3x < 0.05 mol
2x < 1/30 n
Al3+
< 1/3 mol 3n
Al3+
< 0.1 mol Kt ta Al(OH)
3
b ho tan 1 phn.

CT: n
OH-
= 4n
Al3+
- n
Al(OH)
n
Al(OH)
= 4*2x 0.1 (mol), n
BaSO4
= n
SO4
= 3x mol
Khi lng kt ta: 12.045 = 78(8x - 0.1) + 233*3x x = 0.015 mol V = n/C
M
= 0.15 lt.
Cu 22: Cho dy cc cht: C
6
H
5
NH
2
(1), C
2
H
5
NH
2
(2), (C
6
H
5
)
2
NH (3), (C
2
H
5
)
2
NH (4), NH
3
(5)
(C
6
H
5
- l gc phenyl). Dy cc cht sp xp theo th t lc baz gim dn l :
A. (4), (1), (5), (2), (3). B. (3), (1), (5), (2), (4).
C. (4), (2), (3), (1), (5). D. (4), (2), (5), (1), (3).
Gii: Cng nhiu gc phenyl th lc bazo cng gim. (3) yu nht, (1) yu th 2. D.
Cu 23: Hiro ha hon ton hirocacbon mch h X thu c isopentan. S cng thc cu to c
th c ca X l:
A. 6. B. 5. C. 7. D. 4.
Gii: 2-metyl but-1-en (1), 2-metyl but-2-en (2), 2-metyl but-3-en (3),
2-metyl but-1,3-ien (4), 3-metyl but-1,2-ien (5)
3-metyl but-1-in (6), 2-metyl but-1-en-3-in (7)
Cu 24: t chy hon ton 4,64 gam mt hirocacbon X (cht kh iu kin thng) ri em ton
b sn phm chy hp th ht vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)
2
. Sau cc phn ng thu c 39,4
gam kt ta v khi lng phn dung dch gim bt 19,912 gam. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C
3
H
4
. B. CH
4
. C. C
2
H
4
. D. C
4
H
10
.
Gii: Hidrocacbon X: C
x
H
y
=> 12x + y = 4.64 (gam) (1)
Tng khi lng CO
2
v H
2
O: m
CO2
+ m
H2O+
= 39.4 19.912 44x + 18*0.5y = 19.488 (2)
T (1) v (2) x = 0.348, y = 0.464 (mol) = = = Hidrocacbon l C
3
H
4
A.


Cu 25: Dy cc kim loi u c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch mui
(vi in cc tr) l:
A. Ni, Cu, Ag. B. Li, Ag, Sn. C. Ca, Zn, Cu. D. Al, Fe, Cr.
Gii: Loi: B c Li, C c Ca, D c Al.
Cu 26: Cho cc pht biu sau v phenol (C
6
H
5
OH):
(a) Phenol tan nhiu trong nc lnh.
(b) Phenol c tnh axt nhng dung dch phenol trong nc khng lm i mu qu tm.
(c) Phenol c dng sn xut phm nhum, cht dit nm mc.
(d) Nguyn t H ca vng benzen trong phenol d b thay th hn nguyn t H trong benzen.
(e) Cho nc brom vo dung dch phenol thy xut hin kt ta.
S pht biu ng l:
A. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Gii: Ch c (a) sai: phenol ko tan trong nc lnh, tan nhiu trong nc nng.
Cu 27: Thc hin cc th nghim sau ( iu kin thng):
(a) Cho ng kim loi vo dung dch st (III) clorua.
(b) Sc kh hiro sunfua vo dung dch ng (II) sunfat.
(c) Cho dung dch bc nitrat vo dung dch st (III) clorua.
(d) Cho bt lu hunh vo thy ngn.
S th nghim xy ra phn ng l
A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4.
Gii: (a) Cu + 2Fe
3+
Cu
2+
+ 2Fe
2+
(b) H
2
S + CuSO
4
CuS + H
2
SO
4

(c) 3AgNO
3
+ FeCl
3
3AgCl + Fe(NO
3
)
3
(d) Hg + S HgS
Cu 28: X v Y l hai nguyn t thuc cng mt chu k, hai nhm A lin tip. S proton ca nguyn
t Y nhiu hn s proton ca nguyn t X. Tng s ht proton trong nguyn t X v Y l 33. Nhn
xt no sau y v X, Y l ng?
A. m in ca X ln hn m in ca Y.
B. n cht X l cht kh iu kin thng.
C. Lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t Y ( trng thi c bn) c 5 electron.
D. Phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t X ( trng thi c bn) c 4 electron.
Gii: Ta c h pt: P
Y
P
X
= 1 P
X
+ P
Y
= 33 P
x
= 16, P
Y
=27
X l S: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
4
Y l Cl: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
4

Phn lp cui cng ca X (phn lp p) c 4 electron.
Cu 29: Cho dy cc hp cht thm: p-HO-CH
2
-C
6
H
4
-OH, p-HO-C
6
H
4
-COOC
2
H
5
, p-HO-C
6
H
4
-
COOH, p-HCOO-C
6
H
4
-OH, p-CH
3
O-C
6
H
4
-OH. C bao nhiu cht trong dy tha mn ng thi 2
iu kin sau?
(a) Ch tc dng vi NaOH theo t l mol 1 : 1.
(b) Tc dng c vi Na (d) to ra s mol H
2
bng s mol cht phn ng.
A. 3. B. 4. C. 1. D. 2.
Gii: Ch c p-HO-CH
2
-C
6
H
4
-OH l tho mn c 2 iu kin.
p-HO-C
6
H
4
-COOC
2
H
5,
HO-C
6
H
4
-COOH

tc dng vi NaOH t l 1:2 Loi
p-HCOO-C
6
H
4
-OH: tc dng vi NaOH t l 1:3 Loi
p-CH
3
O-C
6
H
4
-OH: tc dng vi Na t l 1:1 Loi
Cu 30: Cho hn hp K
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
(t l mol 1 : 1) vo bnh dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2
thu c
kt ta X v dung dch Y. Thm t t dung dch HCl 0,5M vo bnh n khi khng cn kh thot ra
th ht 560 ml. Bit ton b Y phn ng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Khi lng kt ta
X l:
Gii: Trong dd Y cha: HCO
3
-
v CO
3
2-

Y p vi NaOH: HCO
3
-
+ OH
-
CO
3
2-
+ H
2
O
0.2 mol 0.2 mol
HCO
3
-
+ H
+
CO
2
+ H
2
O CO
3
2-
+ 2H
+
CO
2
+ H
2
O
0.2 0.2 mol 0.04 0.28-0.2=0.08 mol


n
CO3 ban u
= 0.04 mol => n
NaHCO3
=0.04 mol n
Ba(HCO3)2
= = 0.08 mol
n
Ba2+
= 0.08 mol > n
CO3
= 0.04 mol n
BaCO3
= 0,04 mol m
BaCO3
= 0.04*197= 7.88 gam
Cu 31: t chy hon ton 3 lt hn hp X gm 2 anken kt tip nhau trong dy ng ng cn va
10,5 lt O
2
(cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Hirat ha hon ton X
trong iu kin thch hp thu c hn hp ancol Y, trong khi lng ancol bc hai bng 6/13 ln
tng khi lng cc ancol bc mt. Phn trm khi lng ca ancol bc mt (c s nguyn t cacbon
ln hn) trong Y l:
A. 46,43%. B. 31,58%. C. 10,88%. D. 7,89%.
Gii: Ta c s C
TB
= = = 2.33 2 anken l C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
V
C2H4
= 2 lt, V
C3H6
= 1 lt
Khi lng ancol bc 1 bng 6/13 ln tng khi lng cc ancol bc mt: ancol bc 1 gm
C
2
H
5
OH (2 lt) v C
3
H
7
OH (x lt); ancol bc 2 l CH
3
CH(OH)CH
3
(1 - x lt)
= x = 0.2 lt %C
3
H
7
OH = 100% =7.89%
Cu 32: Ha tan hon ton 2,43 gam hn hp gm Mg v Zn vo mt lng va dung dch
H
2
SO
4
long, sau phn ng thu c 1,12 lt H
2
(ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui trong dung
dch X l:
Gii: n
SO4
= n
H2
= 0.05 mol m
mui
= m
kim loi
+ m
SO4
= 2.43 + 96*0.05 = 7.23gam
Cu 33: Cho dy cc cht: Al, Al(OH)
3
, Zn(OH)
2
, NaHCO
3
, Na
2
SO
4
. S cht trong dy va phn
ng c vi dung dch HCl, va phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 2. B. 5. C. 3. D. 4.
Gii: 4 cht gm: Al v 3 cht lng tnh Al(OH)
3
, Zn(OH)
2
, NaHCO
3
.
Cu 34: Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Na
2
O v Al
2
O
3
vo nc thu c dung dch X
trong sut. Thm t t dung dch HCl 1M vo X, khi ht 100 ml th bt u xut hin kt ta; khi ht
300 ml hoc 700 ml th u thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a v m ln lt l
A. 23,4 v 56,3. B. 23,4 v 35,9. C. 15,6 v 27,7. D. 15,6 v 55,4
.Gii: Khi bt xut hin kt ta th OH
-
va ht n
NaOH d
= 0.1 mol.
Khi dng 0.3 mol H
+
(c 0.2 p vi NaAlO
2
) hoc 0.7 mol H
+
(c 0.6 p vi NaAlO
2
) th
lng kt ta thu c l bng nhau. Trc cc i v sau cc i:
Khi dng 0.2 mol H
+
n
Al(OH)3
= 0.2 (mol) a = 78*0.2 = 15.6 gam
Khi dng 0.6 mol H
+
0.6 = 4*n
AlO2
3*n
Al(OH)3
n
AlO2
= 0.3 mol n
Al2O3
= 0.15 mol
n
Na
= n
AlO2
+ n
NaOH d
= 0.3 + 0.1 = 0.4 mol n
Na2O
= 0.2 mol
M = 62*0.2 + 102*0.15 = 27.7 gam
Cu 35: Cho dy cc oxit: NO
2
, Cr
2
O
3
, SO
2
, CrO
3
, CO
2
, P
2
O
5
, Cl
2
O
7
, SiO
2
, CuO. C bao nhiu oxit
trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long?
A. 6. B. 7. C. 8. D. 5.
Gii: C 6 cht l: NO
2
, SO
2
, CrO
3
, CO
2
, P
2
O
5
, Cl
2
O
7
.
Cr
2
O
3
v SiO
2
ch tc dng vi NaOH c, nng.
Cu 36: Xt phn ng phn hy N
2
O
5
trong dung mi CCl
4
45
0
C :
N
2
O
5
N
2
O
4
+
1
2
O
2

Ban u nng ca N
2
O
5
l 2,33M, sau 184 giy nng ca N
2
O
5
l 2,08M. Tc trung bnh
ca phn ng tnh theo N
2
O
5
l
A. 1,36.10
-3
mol/(l.s). B. 6,80.10
-4
mol/(l.s)
C. 6,80.10
-3
mol/(l.s). D. 2,72.10
-3
mol/(l.s).
Gii: Cu ny cho im na ri: v = = = 1.36*10
-3
mol/(l.s)

Cu 37: Loi t no sau y c iu ch bng phn ng trng hp?
A. T visco. B. T nitron.
C. T nilon-6,6. D. T xenluloz axetat.
Gii: Cu ny l thuyt cn bn: ch c 1 t l t nitron (hay olon) c iu ch bng p trng hp.


Cu 38: Mt loi phn kali c thnh phn chnh l KCl (cn li l cc tp cht khng cha kali)
c sn xut t qung xinvinit c dinh dng 55%. Phn trm khi lng ca KCl trong loi
phn kali l:
A. 95,51%. B. 87,18%. C. 65,75%. D. 88,52%.
Gii: dinh dng l %m
K2O
c trong phn kali, phn m l %m
N
v phn ln l %m
P2O5
.
Chn khi lng qung xinvinit l 100gam m
K2O
= 55 gam n
KCl
= 2*n
K2O
= 2*55/94
m
KCl
= 74.5*n
KCl
= 87.18gam %m
KCl
= 87.18/100*100% = 87.18%
(a) t chy hon ton este no, n chc, mch h lun thu c s mol CO
2
bng s mol H
2
O.
(b) Trong hp cht hu c nht thit phi c cacbon v hiro.
(c) Nhng hp cht hu c c thnh phn nguyn t ging nhau, thnh phn phn t hn km
nhau mt hay nhiu nhm CH
2
l ng ng ca nhau.
(d) Dung dch glucoz b kh bi AgNO
3
trong NH
3
to ra Ag.
(e) Saccaraz ch c cu to mch vng.
S pht biu ng l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 3. D. 2.
Gii: Cu (a), (e) ng.
Cu (b): Trong HCHC ch nht thit phi c cacbon. Vd: NaOOC-COONa l cht hu c.
Cu (c): Nhng hp cht hu c c thnh phn nguyn t ging nhau, thnh phn phn t hn
km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm CH
2
v c tnh cht ho hc tng t nhau l ng ng ca nhau.
Cu (d): Dung dch glucoz b oxi ho bi AgNO
3
trong NH
3
to ra Ag.
A. Mui phenylamoni clorua khng tan trong nc.
B. Tt c cc peptit u c phn ng mu biure.
C. H
2
N-CH
2
-CH
2
-CO-NH-CH
2
-COOH l mt ipeptit.
D. iu kin thng, metylamin v imetylamin l nhng cht kh c mi khai.
Gii: Cu A sai: Mui phenylamoni clorua tan trong nc.
Cu B sai: Cc peptit u c phn ng mu biure tr ipeptit.
Cu C sai: v 2 gc H
2
N-CH
2
-CH
2
-CO- ko phi l -aminoaxit.
II. PHN RING (10 cu)
Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn ring (phn A hoc phn B)
Cu 41: Ha hi 8,64 gam hn hp gm mt axit no, n chc, mch h X v mt axit no, a chc
Y (c mch cacbon h, khng phn nhnh) thu c mt th tch hi bng th tch ca 2,8 gam N
2

(o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut). t chy hon ton 8,64 gam hn hp hai axit trn thu
c 11,44 gam CO
2
. Phn trm khi lng ca X trong hn hp ban u l
A. 72,22% B. 65,15% C. 27,78% D. 35,25%
Gii: S mol 2 axit l: 2n
axit
= 0.1 mol, s mol CO
2
n
CO2
= 11.44/44 = 0.26 mol
S C
TB
= 0.26/0.1 = 2.6 C cht c s C < 2.6 l 1 hoc 2.
Khi lng trung bnh: M = 8.64/0.1 = 86.4
+ Th vi 2 axit c s C l 2 v 3, ta c h: dng ng cho n
2C
= 0.04, n
3C
= 0.06 (mol)
_Vi axit n l C
2
H
5
COOH, axit a l C
2
H
4
O
2
m
hh
= 0.04*74 + 0.06*90 = 8.36 g ( ko tho )
_Vi axit n l C
2
H
4
O
2
axit a l C
2
H
4
O
2
m
hh
= 0.04*60 + 0.06*104 = 8.64 gam tho bi.

SCu 42: Cho 100 ml dung dch AgNO
3
2a mol/l vo 100 ml dung dch Fe(NO
3
)
2
a mol/l. Sau khi
phn ng kt thc thu c 8,64 gam cht rn v dung dch X. Cho dung dch HCl d vo X thu
c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,48 B. 14,35 C. 17,22 D. 22,96
Gii: PTP: Ag
+
+ Fe
2+
Ag + Fe
3+

0.1a 0.1a 0.1a (mol)
Ag
+
d
= 0.2a 0.1a = 0.1a mol = n
Ag
= 0.08 mol n
AgCl
= 0.08*143.5 = 11.48 gam


Cu 43: t chy hon ton mt lng ancol X to ra 0,4 mol CO
2
v 0,5 mol H
2
O. X tc dng vi
Cu(OH)
2
to ra dung dch mu xanh lam. Oxi ha X bng CuO to hp cht hu c a cht Y. Nhn
xt no sau y ng vi X?
A. X lm mt mu nc brom
B. Trong X c hai nhm OH lin kt vi hai nguyn t cacbon bc hai.
C. Trong X c ba nhm CH
3
.
D. Hirat ha but-2-en thu c X.
Gii: Khi t chy: n
H2O
> n
CO2
X l ancol no, mch h.
n
X
= 0.5 - 0.4 = 0.1 mol S C = 0.4/0.1 = 4 CTPT ca X l: C
4
H
10
O
z
X tc dng vi Cu(OH)
2
to ra dung dch mu xanh lam X c nhiu nhm OH k nhau.
Oxi ha X bng CuO to hp cht hu c a cht Y X c cc nhm OH cng bc.
CTCT ca X l butan-2,3-iol Cu B ng.
(a) FeS + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
S
(b) Na
2
S + 2HCl 2NaCl + H
2
S
(c) 2AlCl
3
+ 3Na
2
S + 6H
2
O 2Al(OH)
3
+ 3H
2
S + 6NaCl
(d) KHSO
4
+ KHS K
2
SO
4
+ H
2
S
(e) BaS + H
2
SO
4
(long) BaSO
4
+ H
2
S
S phn ng c phng trnh ion rt gn S
2-
+ 2H
+
H
2
S l
A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1
Gii: Loi: (a) v FeS, (c) c 2Al(OH)
3
, (e) c BaSO
4
, pt ion thu gn cu (d) l:
H
+
+ HS
-
H
2
S Ch phng trnh ion (b) tho mn.
Cu 45: Cho s chuyn ha sau:
(a) C
3
H
4
O
2
+ NaOH X + Y
(b) X + H
2
SO
4
(long) Z + T
(c) Z + dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
(d) E + Ag + NH
4
NO
3

(d) Y + dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
(d) F + Ag +NH
4
NO
3

Cht E v cht F theo th t l:
A. (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
v CH
3
COOH B. HCOONH
4
v CH
3
COONH
4

C. (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
v CH
3
COONH
4
D. HCOONH
4
v CH
3
CHO
Gii: HCOOH + 2[Ag(NH
3
)
2
]OH (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
+ 2Ag+ 2NH
3
+ H
2
O
CH
3
CHO + 2[Ag(NH
3
)
2
]OH CH
3
COONH
4
+ 2Ag + 3NH
3
+ 2H
2
O
Cu 46: Cho hn hp gm Fe v Mg vo dung dch AgNO
3
, khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c dung dch X (gm hai mui) v cht rn Y (gm hai kim loi). Hai mui trong X l:
A. Mg(NO
3
)
2
v Fe(NO
3
)
2
B. Fe(NO
3
)
2
v AgNO
3

C. Fe(NO
3
)
3
v Mg(NO
3
)
2
D. AgNO
3
v Mg(NO
3
)
2

Gii: Mui th ly theo dy in ho t trc v sau l: Mg
2+
, Fe
2+
.
Kim loi th ly theo dy in ho t sau ln trc: Ag, Fe.
Cu 47: S amin bc mt c cng cng thc phn t C
3
H
9
N l
A. 4 B. 3 C. 1 D. 2
Gii: Amin no n, h bc 1 l: R-NH
2
. R c 2
n-2
= 2
3-2
= 2 p l propan-1-amin v propan-2-amin.
Cu 48: Nhn xt no sau y khng ng?
A. Crom l kim loi cng nht trong tt c cc kim loi
B. Nhm v crom u b th ng ha bi HNO
3
c, ngui.
C. Nhm v crom u phn ng vi HCl theo cng t l s mol.
D. Vt dng lm bng nhm v crom u bn trong khng kh v nc v c mng oxit bo v.
Gii: Al + HCl (t l 1:1.5), Cr + HCl (t l 1:1).
Cu 49: Hn hp X gm H
2
v C
2
H
4
c t khi so vi H
2
l 7,5. Dn X qua Ni nung nng, thu c
hn hp Y c t khi so vi H
2
l 12,5. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ha l
A. 70% B. 60% C. 50% D. 80%
Gii: Chn s mol hn hp X l n
X
= 1 mol. Dng PP ng cho n
H2
= n
C2H4
= 0.5 mol
AD bo ton khi lng ta c n
t
.M
t
= n
s
.M
s
n
s
*12.5*2 = 7.5*2 => n
s
= 0.6 mol


n
kh gim
= n
H2 p
= 1 0.6 = 0.4 mol H = 0.4/0.5*100% = 80%.
Cu 50: Dung dch cht no sau y lm qu tm chuyn thnh mu hng?
A. Axit -aminoglutaric B. Axit , -iaminocaproic
C. Axit -aminopropionic D. Axit aminoaxetic.
Gii: Axit -aminoglutaric: HOOC-CH
2
-CH-(NH
2
)-COOH c 2 nhm COOH > 1 nhm NH
2

Cu 51: Cho dy cc cht : cumen, stiren, isopren, xiclohexan, axetilen, benzen. S cht trong dy
lm mt mu dung dch brom l
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
Gii: C 3 cht: stiren, isopren v axetilen.
Cu 52: Kh este no, n chc, mch h X bng LiAlH
4
, thu c ancol duy nht Y. t chy hon
ton Y thu c 0,2 mol CO
2
v 0,3 mol H
2
O. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X thu c tng khi
lng CO
2
v H
2
O l
A. 24,8 gam B. 28,4 gam C. 16,8 gam D. 18,6 gam
Gii: Kh X bng LiAlH
4
, thu c ancol duy nht S C trong axit v ancol ca X bng nhau.
t chy ancol Y: n
H2O
> n
CO2
Ancol no, n, h: S C = 0.2/(0.3-0,2) =2 CTPT C
2
H
5
OH.
X l CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
hay C
4
H
8
O
2
n
CO2
= n
H2O
= 0.1*4 = 0.4 mol m = 0.4*(44+18) = 24.8 gam
Cu 53: C cc cht sau : keo dn ure-fomanehit; t lapsan; t nilon-6,6; protein; si bng;
amoniaxetat; nha novolac. Trong cc cht trn, c bao nhiu cht m trong phn t ca chng c
cha nhm NH-CO-?
A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. 6
Gii: C 3 cht: keo dn ure-fomanehit; t nilon-6,6 v protein.
Cu 54: Cho cc pht biu sau v cacbohirat:
(a) Tt c cc cacbohirat u c phn ng thy phn.
(b) Thy phn hon ton tinh bt thu c glucoz.
(c) Glucoz, fructoz v mantoz u c phn ng trng bc.
(d) Glucoz lm mt mu nc brom.
S pht biu ng l:
A. 3 B. 4 C. 1 D. 2
Gii: Cc pht biu ng: (b), (c), (d).
Pht biu (a) sai: Cc monosaccarit nh glucozo, fructozo ko c phn ng thu phn.
Cu 55: Cho s chuyn ha : CH
3
Cl
KCN
X
3
0
H O
t
Y
Cng thc cu to X, Y ln lt l:
A. CH
3
NH
2
, CH
3
COOH B. CH
3
NH
2
, CH
3
COONH
4

C. CH
3
CN, CH
3
COOH D. CH
3
CN, CH
3
CHO
Gii: y l 1 trong nhng pp iu ch axit i t dn xut halogen.
Cu 56: Cho 18,4 gam hn hp X gm Cu
2
S, CuS, FeS
2
v FeS tc dng ht vi HNO
3
(c nng
d) thu c V lt kh ch c NO
2
( ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch Y. Cho ton b Y
vo mt lng d dung dch BaCl
2
, thu c 46,6 gam kt ta, cn khi cho ton b Y tc dng vi
dung dch NH
3
d thu c 10,7 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A. 38,08 B. 11,2 C. 24,64 D. 16,8
Gii: Quy i hn hp X gm: Cu, Fe v S.
Y tc dng vi BaCl
2
: n
S
= n
BaSO4
= 46.6/233 = 0.2 mol
Y tc dng vi NH
3
: n
Fe
= n
Fe(OH)3
= 10.7/107 = 0.1 mol
m
Cu
= m
X
m
Fe
m
S
=18.4 56*0.1 32*0.2 = 6.4 gam n
Cu
= 0.1 mol
Bo ton electron ta c: 2*n
Cu
+ 3*n
Fe
+ 6*n
S
= n
NO2
n
NO2
= 1.7 mol V = 38.08 lt
Cu 57: Dung dch X gm CH
3
COOH 0,03 M v CH
3
COONa 0,01 M. Bit 25
0
C, K
a
ca
CH
3
COOH l 1,75.10
-5
, b qua s phn li ca nc. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X 25
0
C l
A. 6,28 B. 4,76 C. 4,28 D. 4,04
Gii: CH
3
COONa CH
3
COO
-
+ Na
+
CH
3
COOH CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+

0.01 M 0.01 M B: 0.03 0.01 (M)
li: x x x (M)

Trang 10/10 - M thi 384

Cb: 0.03-x 0.01+x x (M)
Ta c: K
a
= = 1.75*10
-5
x
2
+ (0.01+1.75*10
-5
)x 0.03*1.75*10
-5
= 0
x = 5.2137*10
-5
M pH = -log(x) = 4.28
Cu 58: Cho cc pht biu sau
(a) Kh CO
2
gy ra hin tng hiu ng nh knh
(b) Kh SO
2
gy ra hin tng ma axit.
(c) Khi c thi ra kh quyn, freon (ch yu l CFCl
3
v CF
2
Cl
2
) ph hy tng ozon
(d) Moocphin v cocain l cc cht ma ty
S pht biu ng l
A. 2 B. 4 C. 3 D. 1
Gii: C 4 pht biu u ng.
Cu 59: Nhn xt no sau y khng ng
A. SO
3
v CrO
3
u l oxit axit.
B. Al(OH)
3
v Cr(OH)
3
u l hiroxit lng tnh v c tnh kh.
C. BaSO
4
v BaCrO
4
hu nh khng tan trong nc.
D. Fe(OH)
2
v Cr(OH)
2
u l baz v c tnh kh.
Gii: Al(OH)
3
v Cr(OH)
3
u l hiroxit lng tnh nhng ch Cr(OH)
3
c tnh kh.
Cu 60: Cho
0
( )
1,10 ;
pin Zn Cu
E V

2
0
/
0, 76
Zn Zn
E V
v
0
/
0,80
Ag Ag
E V
. Sut in ng chun ca
pin in ha Cu-Ag l
A. 0,56 V B. 0,34 V C. 0,46 V D. 1,14 V
Gii: E
0
pin(Zn-Cu)
= E
0
Cu
E
0
Zn
=1.1 V E
0
Cu
= 1.1 + E
0
Zn
= 1.1 0.76 = 0.34 V
E
0
pin(Cu-Ag)
= E
0
Ag
- E
0
Cu
= 0.8 0.34 = 0.46

---------- T-T ----------

Gii
3 3
3 3 3
Fe(NO ) Fe muoi
Fe chat ran X + HNO loang d Fe(NO ) + NO
Bao toan Fe:
n = n = 0,1 mol m = 24,2 gam

Gii
3
2 2
2 2 2
2
CO H O
O O O O
este CO H O O
CO
este O 3 6 2
este
2 5
3 3
n = n = 1,05 gam este n chc no
Bao toan O, ta co:
n = n + n - n = 0,7 mol
n
1
n = n = 0,35 So C = (C H O )
2 n
HCOOC H (a mol)
+ 0,4 mol NaOH 27,
CH COOCH (b mol)
3
HCOONa (a mol)
9 gam ran khan CH COONa (b mol)
NaOH d 0,05 mol


NaOH d muoi ran
m = m - m = 25,9 gam
Ta co he pt:
a + b = 0,35 a = 0,2
a : b = 4 : 3
68a + 82b = 25,9 b = 0,15

Gii
0,1 0,1
0, 4
3+ 2+
2+
e nhan
+
2
-
2
Catot (-)
Fe + 1e Fe
Cu + 2e Cu Catot co kh thoat ra khi ong va ien phan het n = 0,5 mol
0,2
2H + 2e H
Anot (+)
2Cl + 2e Cl

-

E
`
)
-
2
Cl
0,5 0,05
V = 5,6 lt

Gii

2

NaOH
2

tetrapeptit + 4NaOH muoi + H O
a 4a a
n = 10a = 0,6 a = 0,06
tripeptit + 3NaOH muoi + H O
2a 6a 2a
Bao to
-
2
peptit H O NaOH muoi
an khoi lng, ta co:
m = m + m - m = 51,72 gam

Gii
2 2 3 2 2

2 2
3 3
NH -CH -COOK + HCl NH Cl-CH -COOH + KCl + H O
NH -CH -COOH (a mol) a a a
+ KOH
CH COOH (b mol) CH COOK
3 2
3

KCl NH Cl-CH -COOH muoi
+ HCl KCl + CH COOH
b b
75a + 60b = 21 a = 0,2
Ta co he pt:
113a + 98b = 32,4 b = 0,1
Ta co: m = m + m = 46,65 gam

Gii
o
4
t
2 6 2 2
3 8 3
CH O
C H O CO
C H O


1
2
2
2
O CO -OH
ancol
+Na
n 2
H -OH
Nhan xet: n = n = 0,3 n = 0,3 mol
n
R-(OH) H
2
n = n = 0,15 V = 3,36 lt

Gii
2
O
(X)
n = 0, 06
o
+
2
2 t
2 3
2
3
(X) (Y)
(Z)
2
O
H
Oxit
MgCl
Cl Oxit 0,08 mol Mg Ag
+ + 0,24 mol HCl FeCl + AgNO d
0,08 mol Fe O Muoi clorua
AgCl
FeCl
Oxit + HCl:
O + 2H H O
1
n = n = 0,12
2
+

+

0,16
2
3
2
FeCl
FeCl
Cl
2+

2+

(bao toan O)
n = x
at: n = y x + y = 0,08 (1)
n = z
Bao toan e, ta co:
Mg Mg + 2e
0,08
Fe Fe + 2e

x
0, 06 0, 24
2-
2
-
2
3+

O + 4e 2O

Cl + 2e 2Cl 2x
z 2z Fe Fe + 3e
y 3y
n = 0,16 + 2x + 3y
e cho
E

- - -
Cl Cl Cl
(Z) (X) HCl
0,16 + 2x + 3y = 0,24 + 2z 2x + 3y - 2z = 0,08 (2)
Ta co: n = n + n = 2z + 0,24


3
+ -
AgCl Ag
+ 2+ 3+

(Z) + AgNO d:
Ag + Cl AgCl
2z + 0,24
m + m = 56,69 108x + 143,5(2
Ag + Fe Fe + Ag
x x
- +
- +
2
Cl
(X)
z + 0,24) = 56,69 (3)
T (1), (2) & (3) z = 0,07 %V = 53,85%

Gii
oxh
2
oxh
2
d
RCH OH + RCHO
RCH OH + RCOOH

(X)
Neu trong (X) khong co RCOOH thi (X) tac dung vi Na tng t nh ancol ban au phan ng
vi Na
2
2
2
H O
H O
RCH OH
2
RCOOH H ancol ban au
RCHO
Ag
, vay chenh lech so mol chnh la so mol cua RCOOH
n = 2n - n = 0,045 - 0,04 = 0,005
n < 0,035
Neu RCHO # HCHO n < 0,07 # 0,09 (loai)
Vay RCHO = HCHO
HCOOH 2Ag

HCHO
ancol bi oxh ancol bi oxh
0,005 n = 0,02
HCHO 4Ag
n = 0,025 %m = 62,50%

Gii
3
Y thuoc chu ki 3 va cong thc oxit cao nhat YO Y thuoc nhom VIA Y: lu huy nh (S)
M
Ta co: 0,6364 M = 56 (Fe)
M + 32

=

Gii

160
o
2 4
2 2
2
2 2 2
2 H SO ac t
x y z 2 2
2
H O CO
CO
(X)
O O O O
(X) CO H O O
CO
20 ml C H O + 110 ml O ml 80 ml CO
H O
V = 80 ml = V X co 1
V
So C = = 4
V
Bao toan O:
V = V + V - V = 20 ml
So O trong (X) = 1 (X)
t

4 8
: C H O

Gii
20
o
2
4 4 2
2
4 4 dd Br Ni, t , 1 thi gian
2
2
(X) (Y) C H H (Y) (Y) (Y) (Y)
(X) (Y) H phan ng
0,15 mol C H
(Y) (M = 20) ? gam Br
0,6 mol H
(X)
m = m m + m = n .M n = 9 n = 0,45
Ta co:
n - n = n = 0,3
-
0,15
2 2
4 4 2 4 4+2k
4 8 2 4 8 2
Br Br
C H + kH C H
0,3
k = 2
C H + Br C H Br
n = 0,15 m = 24 gam
-

Gii
2
3
2
3
2
-
-
2
2+
- 2+
2
CO
OH
OH
CO
Ba
CO
CO OH Ba
CO
n = 0,2
n
Ta co: n = 0,3 1 < = 1,5 < 2 tao 2 muoi
n
n = 0,12
n n - n = 0,1 < n
n = n m = 19,7 gam
+ +
=


Gii
3
3
8
2
N O
NO
3 2 2
3 2
n = 0,05
Ta co:
n = 0,2
Bao toan e:
10HNO + 8e NO + N O + 5H O
0,5 0,4 0,05
4HNO + 3e 3NO + NO + 2H O
0,8 0,6 0,2
`
-
3
3
8
3
4 3
HNO 3
4 3
3 4 3 2

KL NH NO muoi
NO
n phan ng = 1,3 # 1,425 (do HNO va u)
Co muoi NH NO tao thanh
10HNO + 8e NO + NH NO + H O
(1,425-1,3) 0,1 0,0125
m = m + m + m
= 98,2 gam

o
2 2 4
2
2
3 3
2 O , t H SO
2 H O
x y 2
2
3 9 2 2 2 2

CO
(CH ) N
CO
50 ml (X) 375 ml (Y) H O 175 ml V = 200 ml
C H
N
N
C H N + O 3CO + 4,5H O + 0,5N
a 3a 4,5a
o
t
2 2 2
x y

0,5a
C H + O xCO + 0,5yH O
b xb 0,5yb
o
t
-

200
175
2
2 2
(X)
H O
CO + N
a + b = 50 a = 50 - b(1) V = 50
Ta co: V = 200 4,5a + 0,5yb (2)
V = 175 3,5a + xb (3)

=

=


25
3 6 4 8
xb - 3,5b = 0 x = 3,5 (loai A va C)
The (1) vao (2) & (3), ta c:
(4,5 - 0,5y)b = 25 b = < 50 y < 8
4,5 - 0,5y
Chon C H & C H

Gii
FeSO
4
, H
2
S, HI, Fe
3
O
4

Gii
3
0, 03 0, 03
3 Ag
3+
+
2+

ch
Gia s AgNO phan ng het m = 3,24 gam < 3,333 Co Fe d
Al Al + 3e
x x Ag + 1e Ag
3x + 2y = 0,03
Fe Fe + 2e
y 2y
m

-
-

-
27
Ag Fe d Fe d at ran
Fe Al
= m + m m = 0,093
x + 56y = 0,42 - 0,093 x = 0,009
Ta co he pt: m = 0,42 - m = 0,177 gam
3x + 2y = 0,03 y = 0,0015

Gii
2
Ag X
H X
n = 2n X n chc
Ta co: X la anehit n chc khong no co 1
n = 2n X co 2
t
t

Gii
2
0, 45
n
Na
n 2
R(OH)
n
R(OH) H
n =
n
-


0, 24
o
n n
NaOH RCOONa NaOH d
CaO, t
2 3

RH 2 6
(R'COO) R + nNaOH nRCOONa + R(OH)
n = n = 0,45 < 0,69 n = 0,24 mol
RCOONa + NaOH RH + Na CO
(0,45) 0,24
M = 30 (C H ) Muo
-

-

2 5
X ancol NaOH phan ng muoi
i: C H COONa
Bao toan khoi lng:
m = m + m - m = 40,6 gam

Gii
0, 48
2, 4
2 2
2
2 2
2
O O O O
CO RCOOH O
H O
CO H O
CO
(X)
Bao toan O:
n = n + n - n
n = 0,24 > n xem .a t nhat 1 chat co 2 loai A & C
n
So C = Chon D
n
t
=

=

4
2
4 2 + H O
2
2
Al dd(Z) + toi a 0,21 mol KMnO Cl
16,2 gam (X) + Cl ran (Y)
Fe 2,4 gam KL
Nhan xet: Cl la chat trung gian cho nhan electron, thc chat ch co Al va Fe cho
va MnO nhan elec

3
3+
7+ 2+
3+

tron
Bao toan e:
Al Al + 3e
x 3x Mn + 5e Mn

0,21 1,05 Fe Fe + 3e
y y
3x + 3y = 1,05
Ta co he pt:
27x + 56y = 16,2 - 2,4
-

-
Fe (X) Al Fe
x = 0,2
m = m - m = 10,8 gam %m = 66,67%
y = 0,15

Gii
Trang 10/14 - M thi 359

2
3 4
0, 4
3
+ +3
2 2
HNO d
3+
3
3+
FeS + 4H + 5NO Fe + 2SO + 5NO + 2H O
0,1 0,1
n = 0,4
Vay dd (X) gom: 0,1 mol Fe & 0,4 mol HNO d tac dung vi Cu theo phng trinh
Cu + 2Fe

2+ 2+
3 3 2 2
Cu Cu
Cu + 2Fe
3Cu + 8HNO 3Cu(NO ) + 2NO + 4H O
n = 0,2 m = 12,8 gam

Gii
2 3
CO CO BaCO
2 3
3
2+ 4+

Ta co: n = n = n = 0,15
Nhan xet: CuO & Fe O ch la chat trung gian cho nhan electron,
thc chat CO cho & HNO nhan electron
Bao toan e:
C C + 2e

0,15
0, 3
+5 2+
NO
N + 3e N
n = 0,1 V = 2,24 lt

Gii
Trang 11/14 - M thi 359

2+ 2+
Fe phan ng Fe phan ng Fe d
+ 2+
2
Fe d Cu
Thu c hh kim loai nen co Fe d
Fe + Cu Fe + Cu
0,15
n = 0,25 m = 14 m = m -14
Fe + 2H Fe + H
0,2
m + m = 0,725m m - 14 + 0,15.6
4 = 0,725m m = 16 gam

Gii
40
3
xenluloz trinitrat HNO
n = 0,18 kmol n = 0,54
63.0,54
V = lt
1,5.94,5%.60%
=

Gii
3 2 5 2 3 2 3 3 3 2 5 4
HCOONH C H ; HCOONH (CH ) ; CH COONH CH ; C H COONH

Gii
2 3
Al trong HH NaOH Cr O
HCl
2 3
Nhan xet: n = n = 0,3 n = 0,1 mol
Al + 3HCl
n = 1,5 mol
Cr O + 6HCl
`
)

Trang 12/14 - M thi 359

,
0, 008
+ o
3 3
AgNO d/NH H , t H = 60%
0,03 mol glucoz
0,01 mol saccaroz 0,006 mol fructoz
0,088 mol Ag
0,02 mol mantoz 0,004 mol saccaroz
mantoz
m = 9,504 gam

Gii
3 3 2

3 3 2 2

Au + HNO + 3HCl AuCl + NO + 2H O
x x
Ag + 2HNO AgNO + NO + H O
y
-
-
2

NO NO
y
n = n x = y x : y = 1 : 1

1
26, 8
1 1
2 2
1 0, 5
e
NaOH
- -
2 2 2 2

2
It
n =
Ta co:
m = 6 gam
Catot (-) Anot (+)
H O + e OH + H 2OH H O + O + 2e

Thc chat la H O ien phan

1
2
2
2 2 2
H O NaOH dd ban au
H O H + O
0, 5 0,5
m = 100 + m = 109 C% = 5,50%

Trang 13/14 - M thi 359

Gii
2
0, 4
2
2
2
n
CO
H O
H
Na
n 2
R(OH) O
ancol
ancol C H O
n = 0,6
Ta co: n = 0,85
n = 0,2
n
R(OH) H
n = n = 0,4
n
Bao toan khoi lng:
m = m + m + m = 15,3 gam

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GIẢI ĐỀ THI ĐẠI HOCJ HÓA CÁC NĂM VỪA QUA

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P N CHI TIT THI TUYN SINH H C

KHI A NM 2007 M 930

C kh thot ra HCl d (a-b) mol

Lm ngc li: 17 * 14 = 714 = 715 1 p n D.

Bi ny c th gii trong 30s 40s.

x = 10 (x + y/4), thay x = 3 v x = 4 vo (theo p n) x = 4, y = 8

V bt bo ha k = 0 X khng th l mt este X l mui amoni hu c.

i vi bi tp ny, ch cn ch Cu tan trong Fe

0,5 0,25 (3 n -1)

. Vy m = 0,12*74 = 8,88 (g)

, trong s mol ca ionCl

u ht => Trong dung dch ch cha cc ion kim loi v

= 0,32 + 0,2.2 + 0,12.3 = 1,08 mol.

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