Woodwind Methods Clarinet (Other) Article Summary Sheets Joshua Heaney Citation: Woelflin, Leslie E.

"Teaching Clarinet Fingerings with Teaching Machines." Journal of Research in Music Education 12 (1964): 287-294. Article Title: Teaching Clarinet Fingerings with Teaching Machines Instrument: Clarinet Journal Title: Journal of Research in Music Education, Winter 1964 Summary: Study done to find means of preserving time in young music classes o Teaching machine created to teach fingerings with rapid progress Taught only fingerings, no other technique Machine was basically a slide presentation device modified to project new fingerings (and their produced pitches) at random o Pre-test and post-test used to measure progress from before exposure to the teaching machine to after exposure to the teaching machine o Group one: control group with full-hour lessons with a human o Group two: experimental group with half-hour lessons, with machine and while playing clarinet as well o Group three: experimental group with half-hour lessons, with machine and while only holding the clarinet Results found that all groups performed equally well, meaning that teachers can save time by using teaching machines or similar aides in the classroom as a means to expedite the learning process

Woodwind Methods Clarinet (Other) Article Summary Sheets Joshua Heaney Citation: Wapnick, Joel and Peter Freeman. "Effects of Dark-Bright Timbral Variation on the Perception of Flatness and Sharpness." Journal of Research in Music Education 28 (1980): 176-184. Article Title: Effects of Dark-Bright Timbral Variation on the Perception of Flatness and Sharpness Instrument: Clarinet Journal Title: Journal of Research in Music Education, Fall 1980 Summary: Tested group of undergraduates by having them listening to 48 pairs of clarinet tones o Are tones sharp, flat, or the same? o Tones are altered by either 12hz sharp or flat, at random o Tones played in pairs of bright-bright, bright-dark, dark-dark, dark-bright Results suggest that timbre plays a role in perceived pitch o Bright associated with sharp o Dark associated with flat