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Base Station TimingV2
Base Station TimingV2
The evolution mobile phones as Personal Communication Devices and the explosion of devices such as tablets have created a challenge for the mobile networks, starting from the Base Station and the Mobile Backhaul. New initiatives such as Small Cells reduce the pressure of capacity crunch and coverage limitations, but the importance of Macro Base Stations remains very high. With the transition to the packet based backhaul mechanisms, the synchronization implementations have become extremely challenging.
Radio Interface
The network recovered clock had to meet the limit of 16ppb to the network and the air interface had a frequency accuracy requirement of 50ppb and phase accuracy requirement of few S whenever required. The 16ppb requirement is derived from the Stratum 2 frequency accuracy levels of and in a scenario where the network or GPS synchronization were lost, the base station be able to maintain its accuracy within the air interface limits. The following table shows the frequency accuracy requirement of most commonly used air interface requirements.
Radio Technology GSM CDMA2000 WCDMA-FDD WCDMA-TDD TD-SCDMA LTE FDD & TDD BTS Type Macro BTS Macro BTS Wide Area BTS Wide Area BTS Wide Area BTS Wide area BTS, >3km radius Wide area BTS, 3km radius Home BTS, >500m rad. Home BTS, 500m rad. Frequency Accuracy 50ppb 50ppb 50ppb 50ppb 50ppb 10s 3s 1.33 +Tprop s 3s 2.5s 3s (norm) 10s (max) Phase/Time Accuracy
LTE-TDD