Lab 1-1: ng nhp vao router giao din dong lnh

Yu cu Bi thc hnh ny gip ngi c lam quen vi ch lnh (CLI-Command Line Interface) va mt s lnh c ban cua h iu hnh CiscoIOS. Hng dn 1. Ni cap am bao an toan thit bi trong khi thc hanh, cn phai tt hoan toan ngun in cac thit bi trong khi ni cap. Dung cap Console (cap Rolled) ni cng COM1 cua may PC (dung Terminal chuyn i t DB-9 sang RJ45) vi cng Console cua Router. Kim tra lai dy am bao a ni chc chn. 2. ng nhp vao router Khi ng Windows, vao HyperTerminal Start - Programs - Accessories - Communications - Hyper Terminal

- Name: <tn file lu tr > - Icon: chon biu tng tuy thich.

Connect using : COM1

Thit lp cu hinh nh trong hp thoai sau:

Khi ng Router Bt ngun cho Router. Xem cac thng tin v Router c hin thi trn HYPER TERMINAL. System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWARE Version cua IOS ang lu trong ROM Copyright (c) 1986-1996 by cisco Systems 2500 processor with 14336 Kbytes of main memory Cho bit loai b x ly Router (2500) va dung lng b nh RAM Notice: NVRAM invalid, possibly due to write erase. F3: 4+573916 at 0x3000060 Restricted Rights Legend Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013. cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, California 95134-1706 Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Version cua IOS ang lu trong flash Copyright (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Thu 06-Jul-00 07:33 by cmong Image text-base: 0x0303E710, data-base: 0x00001000 cisco 2509 (68030) processor (revision M) with 14336K/2048K bytes of memory. Processor board ID 07143970, with hardware revision 00000000 Bridging software. X.25 software, Version 3.0.0. 1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 2 Serial network interface(s)

8 terminal line(s) 32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) --- System Configuration Dialog --Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no Would you like to terminate autoinstall? [yes]: Press RETURN to get started! Nhn Enter tip tuc xut hin du nhc i lnh, luc nay ang user mode, vao priviledge mode, dung lnh enable Router>_ Router>enable Router# quay lai user mode bng lnh disable hoc lnh exit Router#disable Router> Dung lnh logout thoat ch dong lnh Router>logout Router con0 is now available Press RETURN to get started. Ban ang ch user mode, nhp ky t ? (chm hoi) xem cac lnh c dung trong ch nay: Router>? Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry access-profile Apply user-profile to interface clear Reset functions connect Open a terminal connection disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system lock Lock the terminal login Log in as a particular user logout Exit from the EXEC

mrinfo Request neighbor and version information from a multicast router mstat Show statistics after multiple multicast traceroutes mtrace Trace reverse multicast path from destination to source name-connection Name an existing network connection pad Open a X.29 PAD connection ping Send echo messages ppp Start IETF Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) resume Resume an active network connection --More-Nu s hang thng tin cn hin thi nhiu hn mt trang man hinh (25 hang), cui man hinh hin ch --More-- ban nhn phim ENTER xem hang k tip, hoc phim SPACE xem trang k tip. Nu bn nhn phm ENTER, thng tin s hin th thm tng hng. Nu bn dng SPACE BAR, thng tin s hin th theo trang mn hnh. Lnh giup (?) rt hu dung, ban co th dung trong bt ky ch nao, Router se a ra cac mc chn c phep s dung va y nghia cua lnh o. Vi du ban mun xem tip cac phn cua lnh show, ban go: Router>show ? Hoc ban khng nh tt c nhng lnh bt u bng cc k t te, ban co th go: Router>te? Telnet Terminal Khi , router s lit k tt c cc lnh bt u bng te. H iu hanh trong Router Cisco cho phep go tt. Ban chi cn go s ky t u phn bit cac cu lnh vi nhau la cu lnh c chp nhn, hoc ban nhn phim TAB hin y u cu lnh. Router>tel[TAB] Router>telnet Vao ch global-configuration-mode, dung lnh configuration terminal Router#configuration terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Mt s t hp phim tt: K thi CCNA i hi ngi hc phi s dng thnh tho t hp cc phm tt ny. Ngai ra, mt s chng trnh dng lm terminal c th khng h tr cc t hp phm ny. Ctrl-A

Tr v u dong Ctrl-B Mui tn trai Tr v mt ky t Esc-B Tr v mt t Ctrl-E n cui dong Ctrl-F Mui tn phai Ti mt ky t Ctrl-P Mui tn ln n cu lnh a thc hin trc o Ctrl-N Mui tn xung n cu lnh a thc hin sau cu lnh o 3. Xem thng tin v cu hnh cua router Tai ch privileged mode, ban hay thc hin cac lnh sau, va kim tra kt qua cua tng lnh: show version Xem tn files IOS, version cua IOS ang s dung, cu hinh phn cng cua Router, ch BOOT (thanh ghi) show flash: dir flash Xem file IOS ang lu trong flash dir nvram Xem cac file ang lu trong NVRAM show interface [interface] Xem cu hinh cua tt ca cac cng hay cua cng c chi inh show running-config Xem cu hinh chung ang s dung show startup-config show configuration Xem cu hinh chung dung cho khi ng (lu trong NVRAM) show clock Xem ng h show user Xem cac kt ni ang truy cp vao Router show line Xem tt ca cac kt ni (line) cua Router

show ip route Xem bang chon ng cua Router show arp Xem bang tng ng (map) t ia chi MAC va ia chi IP show host Xem tn va ia chi cua cac host a bit (a c t tn) Xoa cu hinh c router dng luc khi ng: dung lnh erase startup-config. Khi a thc hin lnh nay, nu xem lai cu hinh khi ng, ban se nhn thng bao li Router#erase startup-config Erasing the nvram filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm] [OK] Erase of nvram: complete Router#sh start %% Non-volatile configuration memory is not present Router# 4. S dung HYPER TERMINAL S dung trnh tic ch truyn file cua HYPER TERMINAL co th cu hinh nhanh mt Router, ban co th soan thao trc cac cu lnh bng NotePad theo ung trinh t, lu di dang file text, sau o dung Send Text File... (Transfer -> Send Text File...) truyn File: Vi du: ban soan thao file SHOW.TXT nh sau: show version show flash: show running-config show startup-config configuration terminal exit Cach truyn file chi hu dung vi cac lnh cu hinh khng co cac thng s xac nhn (mt dong la cu lnh hoan chinh), khng thc hin c cho cac cu lnh co thng s la chon. Chng han: khng nn dung cho lnh enable (vi co th phai xac nhn mt khu), khng th dung cho lnh lu cu hinh vao NVRAM vi co xac nhn tn file: Router#copy running-config startup-config Destination filename [startup-config]? Building configuration... [OK] Chinh thi gian tr dong lnh co th theo doi kip cac thng bao, ban cai thi gian tr khi truyn tng dong khoang

2000ms - 4000ms (Chon File Properties ASCII Setup ...) Capture thao tac Trong qua trinh lam Lab, ban mun ghi lai cac thao tac, cac thng tin cua Router khi thc hanh, ban s dung Capture cua Hyper -Terminal (Transfer Capture Text ... ) Ban hay nhp tn file vi ng dn y u. Bt u t luc nay, tt ca cac thao tac cua ban va kt qua u c ghi lai. Khi thc hin xong, nh Stop Capture (Transfer -> Capture Text -> Stop) lu file va s dung WordPad xem lai.

Lab 1-2: t mt khu cho router

Lab 1-2: t mt khu cho router

M ta Thng thng co cc loai mt khu bao mt cho mt router Cisco nh sau: Loai mt khu u tin la enable. Lai ny c s dung vao ch enabled mode. Router s yu cu ban nhp mt khu ny vao khi bn anh lnh enable t user mode chuyn sang ch enable mode. Ba loai con lai l mt khu khi ngi dng truy cp qua cng console, cng Aux, hay Telnet. Mt khu co phn bit ch hoa hay ch thng (case sensitive), va khng qua 25 ky t. Cac ky t nay co th la ch hoa, ch thng, con s, cac du chm cu va khoang cach; tuy nhin ky t u tin khng c la du trng. Thc hin Mt khu truy cp vao enable mode Hai loai enable mt khu trn router, t bng cac lnh sau:

Router(config)#enable secret vip mt khu la vip Router(config)#enable password cisco mt khu la cisco ch mc inh, mt khu dang khng ma hoa (clear-text) trong file cu hinh; Lnh enable secret password s m ha cc mt khu hin c ca router. Nu co t enable secret, no se co hiu lc manh hn cc mt khu cn li. Mt khu truy cp vao User Mode 1. t mt khu cho user mode bng lnh line, xem xet cac thng s theo sau bng cach anh du ? sau lnh line. Router(config)#line ? <0-4> First Line number aux Auxiliary line console Primary terminal line vty Virtual terminal aux t mt khu cho cng aux, thng dung khi cu hinh cho modem gn router, quay s vao cu hinh router. console t mt khu trc khi vao user mode vty t mt khu telnet vao router. Nu khng t mt khu, khng th thc hin telnet vao router. t mt khu cho user mode, cn xac inh line mun cu hinh va dung lnh login router a ra thng bao chng thc oi hoi nhp mt khu. 2.t mt khu trn cng aux ca router: vao global config mode anh lnh line aux 0. Chu y rng chi c chon s 0 vi thng thng chi co mt cng auxilary trn router. Router#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#line aux 0 Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password vip Cu lnh login rt quan trong, nu khng co lnh ny, router se khng thng bao oi hoi chng thc. 3. t mt khu truy cp cho cng console trn router: dung lnh line console 0 Router(config)#line console 0 Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password vnpro

4. t mt khu telnet: dung lnh line vty Router(config-line)#line vty 0 4 Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password vnpro Sau khi router cu hinh ia chi IP, ban co th dung chng trinh Telnet cu hinh va kim tra router thay vi s dung cap console. Kim tra Kim tra lai cac loai mt khu a t bng cach xem cu hinh hin tai ang chay, thc hin lnh show running-config: Router#show running-config Building configuration... Current configuration: ! version 12.0 service timestamps debug uptime service timestamps log uptime no service password-encryption ! hostname Router ! enable secret 5 $1$Y3Hx$iF7j2hPkFe6/hwJG.NZOg. enable password cisco ! ! interface Ethernet0 no ip address shutdown ! interface Serial0 no ip address shutdown ! ! line con 0 password rrr login line aux 0 password vip login line vty 0 4

password RRR login ! end Trong cu hinh ta thy enable secret password dang ma hoa. Cac mt khu khac dang khng m ha. H iu hnh Cisco IOS cho phep ma hoa tt ca cac mt khu trong file cu hinh bng lnh service password-encryption tai global configuration mode: Router# Router#conf ter Router(config)#service password-encryption Router(config)# [CtrlZ] Router#show running-config Building configuration... Current configuration: ! version 12.0 service password-encryption ! hostname Router ! enable secret 5 $1$Y3Hx$iF7j2hPkFe6/hwJG.NZOg. enable password 7 01100F175804 ! ! interface Ethernet0 no ip address shutdown ! interface Serial0 no ip address shutdown ! ! line con 0 password 7 111B0B17 login line aux 0 password 7 0312521B login line vty 0 4 password 7 1520393E login !

end Tt ca cac mt khu a c ma hoa. Mt khu Enable secret vn dang cu; Mc m ha c hin th bng ch s ng ngay trc mi mt khu. Cac gia tri co th co cua ch s nay la: 7 : mt khu c ma hoa theo thut toan hai chiu MD7; mt khu dang nay co th giai ma c. 5 : mt khu c ma hoa theo thut toan mt chiu MD5; khng th giai ma c dang nay. 0 : (hoc khng co gia tri) mt khu c hin thi dang khng ma hoa. Nu tt ch ma hoa vi cu lnh no service password-encryption, thi mt khu vn dang ma hoa tr khi t lai mt khu.

Lab 1-3: Cac lnh c ban ca h iu hnh Cisco IOS

Lab 1-3: Cac lnh c ban ca h iu hnh Cisco IOS

1. t router banner t li chao khi ngi dng ng nhp qua cng console hay telnet vao router. Trong thc t, lnh banner c dng ra cc cnh bo i vi cc truy cp tri php vo router. Lnh ny ch c tnh cht cung cp thng tin v h thng m ngi dng ang truy cp vo. Cu lnh thc hin tai global configuration mode nh sau Router(config)#banner ? LINE c banner-text c, where 'c' is a delimiting character exec Set EXEC process creation banner incoming Set incoming terminal line banner login Set login banner motd Set Message of the Day banner

 Tham s motd thng hay c s dung nht. Thng s ny a ra thng bao cho moi ngi khi quay s hay kt ni vi router thng qua Telnet, cng aux hay cng console. Router(config)#banner motd ? LINE c banner-text c, where 'c' is a delimiting character Router(config)#banner motd # Enter TEXT message. End with the character '#'. Chao cac hoc vien lop CCNA # Router(config)#^Z Router# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Router#exit Router con0 is now available Press RETURN to get started. Chao cac hoc vien lop CCNA Router> loai bo banner dung lnh no banner login Router# Router#conf t Router(conf)#no banner login 2. Cu hinh cc cng giao tip trn router: Cu hinh cc cng giao tip ca router la mt trong nhng tc v cu hinh quan trong nht trong qui trnh cu hnh mt thit b nh tuyn router. Tc v ny phai chinh xac router co th trao i cc thng tin vi cac thit bi khac cng nh l c th trao i c d liu. Cc bc cu hnh nh sau: Tai ch cu hnh tan cc, ta dung lnh interface [loai interface] [s th t] cho phep interface hoat ng, hy dung lnh no shutdown. tt mt interface dung lnh shutdown. Nu mt interface bi shutdown, trang thai hin thi se la administratively down khi dung lnh show interface xem trng thi ca mt cng giao tip. Khi , nu dng lnh show running-config, ta se thy kt qu lnh s hin thi trng thi ca cc giao tip l shutdown. Mc inh cac interface trang thai shutdown. Router#sh int e0 Ethernet0 is administratively down, line protocol is down

Router#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#int e0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown Router(config-if)#^Z %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up Router#sh int e0 Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up t ia chi IP cho mt interface Router(config)#int e0 Router(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.2 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shut Nu mun t thm mt ia chi th hai cho cng giao tip, phai dung tham s secondary. Mt cng giao tip ca router c th t nhiu a ch IP. Router(config-if)#ip address 172.16.20.2 255.255.255.0 secondary Router(config-if)#^Z Router#sh run Building configuration Current configuration: ... ! interface Ethernet0 ip address 172.16.20.2 255.255.255.0 secondary ip address 172.16.10.2 255.255.255.0 ! Mt s lnh cho cng serial ca router: Lnh clock rate: t xung clock cho DCE. Nu t lnh clock rate trn mt cng giao tip khng phai la DCE thi cu lnh khng co tac dung. Router#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#int s0 Router(config-if)#clock rate ? Speed (bits per second) 1200 2400

4800 9600 19200 38400 56000 64000 72000 125000 148000 250000 500000 800000 1000000 1300000 2000000 4000000 <300-4000000> Choose clockrate from list above Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000 %Error: This command applies only to DCE interfaces Router(config-if)#int s1 Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Lnh bandwith: ch mc nh, cc cng giao tip ca thit b nh tuyn Cisco s hat ng bng thng cua T1 (1,544 Mbps). Tuy nhin, lnh bandwidth khng nh hng g n tc truyn d liu tht s ca cng giao tip. Lnh bandwidth ch c tc ng n qu trnh tnh tan metric ca cac giao thc inh tuyn nh IGRP, EIGRP hay OSPF tinh toan chi phi tt nht ti mt mang xa. Router(config-if)#bandwidth ? <1-10000000> Bandwidth in kilobits Bandwidth c tinh bng Kbit Router(config-if)#bandwidth 64 M ta cho cng giao tip: m ta rt hu ich cho ngi quan tri va no chi co tac dung cuc b, dung lnh description tai interface mode; xem lai dung lnh show run hay show interface Router(config)#int e0 Router(config-if)#description Sales Lan Router(config-if)#int s0 Router(config-if)#description Ket noi Wan toi VnPRO Router#sh run [...] ! interface Ethernet0

description Sales Lan ip address 172.16.10.30 255.255.255.0 ! interface Serial0 description Ket noi Wan toi PTIT no ip address no ip directed-broadcast no ip mroute-cache Router#sh int e0 Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is Lance, address is 0010.7be8.25db (bia 0010.7be8.25db) Description: Sales Lan ... Router#sh int s0 Serial0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is HD64570 Description: Ket noi Wan toi PTIT ... Router# 3. t hostname t tn cho router bng lnh hostname, tn chi co tac dung cuc b. Vic t hostname l cn thit trong qui trnh cu hnh router. Router#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#hostname RRR RRR(config)# 4. Lu cu hinh Dung lnh copy running-config startup-config hay write memory lu file cu hinh t DRAM vao NVRAM (co th dung lnh tt copy run start hay wr) RRR#copy run start Destination filename [startup-config]?[Enter] Building configuration... Xem lai file a lu trong NVRAM RRR#show startup-config 5. Cac lnh kim tra cu hinh Lnh ping co th dung vi cac giao thc khac nhau, thc hin user-mode hay priviledge-mode

RRR#ping ? WORD Ping destination address or hostname appletalk Appletalk echo decnet DECnet echo ip IP echo ipx Novell/IPX echo srb srb echo <cr> Telnet kim tra kt ni IP RRR#telnet ? WORD IP address or hostname of a remote system <cr> Mt cach kim tra hoat ng cua cng giao tip ca router la dung lnh show interface. Lnh nay se hin thi trang thai cua tt ca cac cng giao tip ca router. Router#sh int ? Ethernet IEEE 802.3 Null Null interface Serial Serial accounting Show interface accounting crb Show interface routing/bridging info irb Show interface routing/bridging info <cr> Co th chi ra cng giao tip xem thng tin cu th v cng giao tip o. RRR#sh int e0 Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is Lance, address is 0010.7b7f.c26c (bia 0010.7b7f.c26c) Internet address is 172.16.10.1/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 00:08:23, output 00:08:20, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Queueing strategy: fifo ... Mt s thng bao s c thng gp i vi cng giao tip serial va cach giai quyt s c (trang thai lin kt xem bng lnh show interface serial x trong o x la s th t cua cng).

Trang thai cua lin kt Nguyn nhn Cach khc phuc Serial x is up, line protocol is up a kt ni c. Serial x is down, line protocol is down. Router khng nhn c tin hin carrier detect (CD) do mt trong cac nguyn nhn sau: ng kt ni bi down Cap kt ni vao router bi hong hay sai. Phn cng cua router bi hong Xem lai tai liu hng dn xem cach kt ni cap va loai cap a s dung ung hai cha. Kt ni vao cac cng khac. Serial x is administratively down, line protocol is down. Cha cho phep router cng hoat ng. Thc hin no shutdown trong cu hinh cng serial ca hai phia. Serial x is up, line protocol is down. Cu hinh sai gia hai router hai u. Remote router khng gi keepalive packet. Clock rate cha c t trn Router DCE Kim tra lai cu hinh IP hai u va phai am bao encapsulation ging nhau. Bo lnh no keepalive hai u trong cu hinh cng serial t clock rate cho Router DCE bng lnh clock rate xxxxx trong cu hinh cng serial. Serial x is up, line protocol is up (looped). (trang thai nay it gp trong lab) Gy nn do trang thai lp cua ng truyn. Dung lnh show runningconfig xem xet co cng nao bi cu hinh di dang loop hay khng. Nu co, bo trang thai nay i. Reset lai cng bng lnh shutdown, ri sau o no shutdown.

Lab 1-4: Cisco Discovery Protocol

M ta

Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) la giao thc ring cua Cisco dung thu thp thng tin v cc thit b ln cn. Khi s dung giao thc CDP, ban co th bit c thng tin phn cng, phn mm cua cac thit bi gn k. Thng tin nay rt hu ich trong qu trnh x ly s c hay kim soat cc thit bi trong mt h thng mang. Bi thc hnh nay gip ban bit c cc chc nng va thng s cua cac lnh lin quan ti CDP. + CDP chi cung cp thng tin v thit bi ni kt ni trc tip, trai vi giao thc inh tuyn. Giao thc inh tuyn cung cp thng tin cho phep router xac inh chng k cho cac mang mun ti. Thc hin Trc tin, cu hinh cac router nh sau. Mc nh, cc thit b Cisco c cho php giao thc CDP. Do , khi dng lnh show run, thng tin v CDP s khng c hin th. RouterA ! hostname RouterA ! interface serial0 ip address 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0 clock rate 64000 hoat ng nh la DCE cung cp xung clock no shut ! interface ethernet0 ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0 no shut ! no ip classless ! line console 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login ! end RouterB ! hostname RouterB ! interface serial0 ip address 172.16.10.2 255.255.255.0 no shut

! no ip classless ! line console 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login ! End 1. xem thng tin v cc thng s thi gian ca CDP, dng lnh show cdp (hay sh cdp) Router#sh cdp Global CDP information: Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Sending a holdtime value of 180 seconds Router# Dung lnh cdp holdtime va cdp timer t lai thi gian gi va thi gian gi goi cho router. CDP timer la chu ky gi goi CDP ti ti tt ca cng ang hoat ng. CDP holdtime la khoang thi gian thit bi gi goi nhn c t lang ging. RouterA#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#cdp ? holdtime Specify the holdtime (in sec) to be sent in packets timer Specify the rate at which CDP packets aresent(in sec) run RouterA(config)#cdp timer 90 RouterA(config)#cdp holdtime 240 RouterA(config)#^Z Ban co th tt han tan giao thc CDP trong thit b Cisco vi lnh no cdp run. tt CDP trn mt cng s dung cu lnh no cdp enable trn cng o. 2.Lnh show cdp neighbor (vit tt sh cdp nei) hin thng tin v thit bi ni trc tip. RouterA#sh cdp nei Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge, S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater Device ID Local Interfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID Switch Eth 0 238 T S 1900 2 RouterB Ser 0 138 R 2500 Ser 0 RouterA#

Mt lnh khac cho bit thng tin v cc thit b lang ging la show cdp neighbor detail (show cdp nei de), cung co th chay trn router va switch RouterA#sh cdp neighbor detail ------------------------Device ID: 1900Switch Entry address(es): IP address: 0.0.0.0 Platform: cisco 1900, Capabilities: Trans-Bridge Switch Interface: Ethernet0, Port ID (outgoing port): 2 Holdtime : 166 sec Version : V9.00 ------------------------Device ID: 2501B Entry address(es): IP address: 172.16.10.2 Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: Router Interface: Serial0, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial0 Holdtime : 154 sec <...> RouterA# Ngoai ra, lnh show cdp entry * cung hin thi thng tin tng t. Lnh show cdp traffic hin thi lu lng tai cng gm ca s goi CDP gi nhn va bi li : RouterA#sh cdp traffic CDP counters: Packets output: 13, Input: 8 Hdr syntax: 0, Chksum error: 0, Encaps failed: 0 No memory: 0, Invalid packet: 0, Fragmented: 0 RouterA# 3.Thng tin trang thai CDP trn port hay cng hin thi bng lnh show cdp interface (sh cdp int) Nh a cp trc, co th tt CDP hoan toan trn router dung lnh no cdp run. Tuy nhin, mun tt CDP trn tng cng dung lnh no cdp enable. Co th cho phep CDP trn mt port bng lnh cdp enable. Trn router, show cdp interface cho thng tin v tng cng dung CDP, gm ca dang ong goi trn ng truyn, timer va holdtime trn mi cng RouterA#sh cdp interface Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Encapsulation ARPA Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds

Holdtime is 180 seconds Serial0 is administratively down, line protocol is down Encapsulation HDLC Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Holdtime is 180 seconds Serial1 is administratively down, line protocol is down Encapsulation HDLC Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Holdtime is 180 seconds Tt CDP trn mt cng RouterA#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End withCNTL/Z. RouterA(config)#int s0 RouterA(config-if)#no cdp enable RouterA(config-if)#^Z Kim tra lai s thay i o. RouterA#sh cdp int Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Encapsulation ARPA Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Holdtime is 180 seconds Serial1 is administratively down, line protocol is down Encapsulation HDLC Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Holdtime is 180 seconds Router# Lu y rng serial 0 khng c lit k khi thc hin lnh trn, nu dung lnh cdp enable trn serial 0, cng nay se hin thi.

Lab 1-5: S dung Telnet

M ta Telnet la mt giao thc u cui ao (virtual terminal) la mt phn cua chng giao thc TCP/IP. Telnet cho phep tao kt ni vi thit bi t xa, thu thp thng tin va chay chng trinh. Lab nay hng dn dung lnh telnet va cac lnh lin quan trn router. + Virtual terminal (VTY) lines cho phep vic truy cp vao router thng qua cac phin ni kt Telnet. VTY lines khng ni trc tip vao cac cngs nh cach TTY ni vao asynchronous interface ma la cac kt ni ao vao router thng qua ia chi cua ethernet port (cng ethernet). Router tao nhng VTY lines mt cach linh ng, trong khi o TTY lines la chi ni kt vao nhng cng vt ly. Khi ngi dung kt ni vao router bng VTY line, ngi dung o ang kt ni vao mt cng ao trn cng. Thc hin Ban u cu hinh router nh sau RouterA ! hostname RouterA ! interface serial0 ip address 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0 clock rate 64000 hoat ng nh la thit b DCE cung cp xung clock no shut ! interface ethernet0 ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0 no shut cho php cng ! line console 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login ! end RouterB ! hostname RouterB ! interface serial0 ip address 172.16.10.2 255.255.255.0

no shut ! line console 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login ! end t ia chi IP, mt khu dung telnet cho Switch Vi Catalyst 2900 ! hostname Switch ! enable password cisco ! interface vlan1 ip address 192.168.0.148 255.255.255.0 ! line vty 0 15 login password cisco ! End Tin hnh cc bc sau y kim tra kt qu: 1.Th dung lnh telnet trn router: RouterA#telnet 172.16.10.2 Trying 172.16.10.2 ... Open Password required, but none set [Connection to 172.16.10.2 closed by foreign host] RouterA# + i vi Cisco router, ban khng cn phai dung lnh telnet ma chi cn anh ia chi IP tai du nhc, router se ngm nh rng ban mun telnet vao thit bi, vi du: RouterA#172.16.10.2 Trying 172.16.10.2 ... Open Password required, but none set [Connection to 172.16.10.2 closed by foreign host] RouterA#

Trong trng hp trn, mt khu cha c t cho ng VTY nn ta khng th telnet vao RouterB c. t mt khu cho ng VTY nh sau RouterB#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. RouterB(config)#line vty 0 4 RouterB(config-line)#login RouterB(config-line)#mt khu Router RouterB(config-line)#^Z RouterB# Th truy cp bng cch telnet vao router ln na: RouterA#172.16.10.2 Trying 172.16.10.2 ... Open User Access Verification Mt khu: RouterB> Chu y rng mt khu VTY la mt khu user-mode, khng phai la enablemode nn khng th vao enable mode nu cha t enable password. RouterB>en % No password set RouterB> 2.Telnet vao nhiu thit bi ng thi Ban co th gi kt ni ma tr v router console ban u bng cach nhn Ctrl+Shift+6 ng thi, sau tha ra va nhn X. RouterA#telnet 172.16.10.2 Trying 172.16.10.2 ... Open User Access Verification Mt khu: RouterB>[Ctrl+Shift+6, x] RouterA# Telnet tip tuc vao switch RouterA#telnet 192.168.0.148 Trying 192.168.0.148 ... Open

... Switch>[Ctrl+Shift+6, x] RouterA# 3.Kim tra cac kt ni telnet bng lnh show sessions. RouterA#sh sessions Conn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name 1 172.16.10.2 172.16.10.2 0 0 172.16.10.2 * 2 192.168.0.148 192.168.0.148 0 0 192.168.0.148 RouterA# Du (*) nghia la session cui cung ban dung; co th tr lai session cui bng cach nhn Enter hai ln. Hay mun ti session bt ky bng cach go s cua kt ni va nhn Enter hai ln. Kim tra Telnet Users RouterA#sh users Line User Host(s) Idle Location * 0 con 0 172.16.10.2 00:07:52 192.168.0.148 Ky hiu con tng trng cho local console. RouterB>sh users Line User Host(s) Idle Location 0 con 0 idle 9 * 2 vty 0 Thng tin hin thi console ang hoat ng va VTY port 2 ang c dung. Du * phin ngi dung hin tai. 4.ong phin lam vic Telnet Co th ong phin lam vic bng cac nhn exit hay disconnect RouterA#[Enter] [Enter] [Resuming connection 2 to 192.168.0.148 ... ] Switch>exit [Connection to 192.168.0.148 closed by foreign host] RouterA#disconnect ? tham s theo sau la s th t Conn hin thi trong lnh show sessions <1-2> The number of an active network connection WORD The name of an active network connection <cr> RouterA#disconnect 1 Closing connection to 172.16.10.2 [confirm]

RouterA# ngt mt kt ni cua mt user dung lnh clear line RouterB#clear line 2 tham s theo sau la s th t line hin thi trong lnh show users [confirm] [OK]

Lab 1-6: Khi phuc mt khu cho Cisco 2600, 3600

M ta Qua trinh khi ng cua router a c inh trc. Sau qua trinh kim tra bt ngun (POST) va nap h iu hnh IOS, router s np cu hnh hat ng trong NVRAM. Cac cu hinh nay khng chi cha thng tin giao thc inh tuyn, ia chi ma con cha mt khu cua router. Mt khu c phuc hi bng cach bo qua ni dung file cu hnh trong NVRAM trong qua trinh khi ng. Vic b qua cu hnh c thc hin bng cach sa i ni dung thanh ghi cu hinh (configuration register) cua router. Luc nay router se khng cu hinh cha mt khu cn phuc hi. Khi a vao c router, ngi dung co th xem mt khu trong NVRAM va co th s dung, xoa hay thay i chung. Ky thut hi phuc mt khu khac nhau i vi cac dong router, tng quat cach thc hin: 1.Ni terminal vao console port. 2.Tt router va bt lai. 3.Phai ngt qua trinh khi ng cua router va a no v monitor mode. 4.Tai monitor mode, cu hinh router sao cho router khi ng ma khng oc ni dung file cu hnh trong NVRAM. 5.Khi ng lai router. 6.Sau khi router khi ng li, mt khu se khng con tac dung. Vao privileged mode, xem, thay i, hay xoa NVRAM mt khu. 7.Vao configuration mode va t lai thanh ghi router khi ng t NVRAM. 8.Nap lai router. Luc nay mt khu a bit.

+ Khi phuc mt khu chi co th thc hin trn terminal gn vi cng console cua router. Cac cach nay khng th thc hin c vi cng aux cua router Cach thc hin Phn nay hng dn cach khi phuc mt khu cho router Cisco 3600 series, Cisco 2600 series. Trc khi bt u, router phai t enable mt khu hay login mt khu. Router ! hostname Cisco3600 ! enable pass cisco enable mt khu ! no ip classless ! line console 0 password cisco Login mt khu login line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login ! end 1.Tt router va bt tr lai. Trong qua trinh boot, se xut hin cac dong sau: ... Copyright (c) 1994-1996 by cisco system, Inc. C3600 processor with 16384 Kbytes of main memory Main memory is configure to 32 bit mode with parity disabled Nhn ngt (Ctrl+Break) tai y. + Nhn ngt ngay khi bt router co th lam ng router. Tt nht la ch nhn ngt khi router hin thng bao v kich thc b nh chinh cua router. Ban cung co th nhn Ctrl+Break trong 15 giy u tin. Lu y rng i vi cac chng trinh terminal t hp phim ngt khac nhau. Ph bin la Windown HyperTerminal dung t hp phim Ctrl+Break ngt. 2.Luc nay router vao monitor mode, thc hin lnh confreg 0x2142 Moniror: command boot aborted due to user interrupt rommon 1 > rommon 1 > confreg 0x2142 3.Router se nhc phai reset lai thay i co tac dung, anh lnh reset tai du nhc:

You must reset or power cycle rommon 2 > rommon 2 > reset Router se nap lai. Luc nay router a bo qua cu hinh trong NVRAM. Khi khi ng xong, nhn Enter vao user mode va anh enable vao privileged mode: Press Return to get START Router> Router>enable Router# Dung lnh show runningconfiguration xem cu hinh hin tai. Chu y rng cu hinh khng cha loai mt khu nao. y la cu hinh mc inh cua router khi bo qua file cu hinh trong NVRAM: Current configuration: ! version 11.2 ... ! line con 0 khng co mt khu line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login ! end Nu mun xem mt khu hin tai va tip tuc s dung no, dung lnh show startup configuration. T cu hinh ban co th thy enable mt khu va console mt khu la cisco. Nu mt khu a ma hoa ban se phai thay i hay xoa no. Router#sh start Using 355 out of 30712 bytes ! hostname Cisco3600 ! enable pass cisco enable mt khu ! no ip classless ! line console 0 mt khu cisco Login mt khu login

line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login ! end + Thay i: thay i mt khu hin thi ban phai chep cu hinh NVRAM vao running configuration bng lnh copy start run.Vao config mode bng lnh config term. t lai mt khu mi. Nhn CtrlZ thoat khoi configuration mode khi hoan tt. anh lnh write memory hoc copy run start lu cu hinh. + Xoa: Co th xoa mt khu bng lnh erase start hay write erase 4.Bc cui cung thay i thanh ghi configuration register router nap t NVRAM. Xem cu hinh thanh ghi hin tai: Router#sh ver ... Configuration register is 0x2142 Thay i thanh ghi Router#config term Router(config)#configregister 0x2102 Router(config)#exit Dung lnh show version xem anh hng cua cai t mi. Router>sh ver ... Configuration register is 0x2142 (will be 0x2102 at next reload) anh lnh reload nap lai router va lam cho gia tri thanh ghi mi co tac dung. Ban khng cn phai lu thay i. Router#reload System configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/no]: n Proceed with reload? [confirm] Router se nap lai. No se ly cu hinh t NVRAM, mt khu cua router by gi a bit va ban co th truy cp vao privileged mode cua router. + Cu hnh bn trong Router gm nhng thnh phn sau: RAM/DRAM -- lu tr nhng bng routing, ARP cache, fast-switching cache, packet buffering (shared RAM), v packet hold queues; RAM cng cung cp b nh tm thi

(running memory) cho file cu hnh ca router khi router ang hot ng; ni dung RAM mt khi tt ngun hoc restart router. NVRAM -- non-volatile RAM lu tr file cu hnh backup/startup ca router; ni dung ca NVRAM vn c gi khi tt ngun hoc restart router. Flash -- c th xa, c th lp trnh li ROM ni lu tr h iu hnh v mt s m lnh (microcode); B nh Flash cho php cp nhp phn mm m khng cn ly v thay th chip x l; Ni dung Flash vn c gi khi tt ngun hoc restart; B nh Flash c th cha nhiu versions ca phn mm IOS. ROM -- cha chng trnh kim tra khi bt ngun router, chng trnh bootstrap, v phn mm h iu hnh; nng cp phn mm trong ROM i hi phi ly v thay th chip cm trn CPU. Interfaces -- Kt ni mng trn board mch ch hoc trn interface modules ring bit, qua nhng packet i vo v i ra router.

Lab 1-7: Khi phuc mt khu cho Cisco 2500

Lab 1-7: Khi phuc mt khu cho Cisco 2500

Cach thc hin Phn nay hng dn cach khi phuc mt khu cho router Cisco 2500 series. Router ! hostname Cisco2500 ! enable pass cisco enable password ! no ip classless !

line console 0 password cisco Login mt khu login line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login ! end 1.Tt router va bt tr lai. Trong qua trinh boot, se xut hin cac dong sau: ... cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, California 95134-1706 Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Thu 06-Jul-00 07:33 by cmong Image text-base: 0x0303E710, data-base: 0x00001000 cisco 2511 (68030) processor (revision M) with 14336K/2048K bytes of memory. Nhn ngt (Ctrl+Break) tai y. Nhn ngt ngay khi bt router co th lam router ngng hot ng . Tt nht la ch nhn ngt khi router hin thng bao v kich thc b nh chinh cua router trong qu trnh khi ng. Ban cung co th nhn Ctrl+Break trong 15 giy u tin. Lu y rng i vi cac chng trinh terminal t hp phim ngt khac nhau. Ph bin la Windown HyperTerminal dung t hp phim Ctrl+Break ngt. 2.Luc nay router vao monitor mode, thc hin lnh o/r 0x42 Abort at ... > > o/r 0x42 3.anh lnh i tai du nhc khi ng lai > >i Router se nap lai. Luc nay router a bo qua cu hinh trong NVRAM. Khi khi ng xong, nhn Enter vao user mode va anh enable vao privileged mode: Press Return to get started!

Router> Router>enable Router# Dung lnh show runningconfig xem cu hinh hin tai. Chu y rng cu hinh khng cha loai mt khu nao. y la cu hinh luc router khi ng m bo qua ni dung file cu hnh trong NVRAM: Current configuration: ! version 11.2 ... ! line con 0 khng co mt khu line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login ! end Nu mun xem mt khu hin tai va tip tuc s dung no, dung lnh show startupconfig. T cu hinh ban co th thy cc lai mt khu c cu hnh trc trong router. Nu mt khu a ma hoa ban se phai thay i hay xoa no. Router#sh start ... ! hostname Cisco3600 ! enable pass cisco enable password ! no ip classless ! line console 0 password cisco Login password login line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login ! end Thay i: thay i mt khu hin thi ban phai chep cu hinh NVRAM vao running configuration bng lnh copy start run. Vao config mode bng lnh config term. t lai mt khu mi. Nhn CtrlZ thoat khoi configuration mode khi hoan tt. anh lnh write memory hoc copy run start lu cu hinh. Xoa: Co th xoa mt khu bng lnh erase start hay write erase (luc nay ng thi cung

xoa file cu hinh khi ng). khng mt file cu hinh, ta c th dng thm t khoa no trc lnh t mt khu, vi du: no enable password, no enable secret. 4.Bc cui cung, thay i thanh ghi router nap t NVRAM. Xem cu hinh thanh ghi hin tai: Router#sh ver ... Configuration register is 0x42 Thay i thanh ghi Router#config term Router(config)#configregister 0x2102 Router(config)#exit Dung lnh show version xem anh hng cua cai t mi. Router>sh ver ... Configuration register is 0x42 (will be 0x2102 at next reload) anh lnh reload nap lai router va lam cho gia tri thanh ghi mi co tac dung. Ban khng cn phai lu thay i. Router#reload System configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/no]: n Proceed with reload? [confirm] Router se nap lai ly cu hinh t NVRAM, mt khu cua router by gi a bit va ban co th truy cp vao privileged mode cua router.

Lab 1-8: Nap IOS t TFTP Server cho router chay t Flash
Lab 1-8: Nap IOS Image t TFTP Server cho router chay t Flash

M ta Bi thc hnh nay m ta cach nap IOS t router chay t flash. Mt s router chay t flash nh Cisco 2500 series hay Cisco 1600 series. PC hat ng nh mt TFTP server s ni vi router trong cung mang LAN. IOS image mi se cha trong TFTP server va se c truyn qua Cisco router bng giao thc truyn TFTP. Trong hnh v ny, PC hoat ng nh TFTP server cn router se la TFTP client. Router chay t Flash va router chay t RAM Cisco router co th thc thi IOS t RAM hay t Flash, chay t flash chm hn. Router chay t flash la cac loai Cisco 2500 series va mt s router Cisco 1600 series. Toan b IOS c nap vao b nh flash dang khng nen. Cisco IOS chay t flash. Cp nht IOS mi tr thanh vn : lam sao nap vao flash trong khi ang thc thi IOS cu? Cisco giai quyt iu nay bng mt IOS c bit lu trong ROM. Chng trinh giup khi ng se nap lai router boot t ROM. Luc nay Flash co th cp nht va IOS mi se co th chay t flash. Router chay t RAM la cac i router Cisco 3600, 4000, 7000, va 7500. Cac router nay cha IOS image dang nen trong flash. Khi khi ng, router sao chep IOS t flash vao trong RAM va thc thi IOS trn RAM. Cac router nay co th cp nht d dang IOS trong flash bng cach chep phin ban mi bng TFTP. Thc hin Ban u cu hinh cua RouterA nh sau RouterA ! hostname RouterA ! interface Ethernet0 ip address 10.10.3.253 255.255.255.0 Ethernet interface trn cung mang vi TFTP server no shut cho php cng ! line con 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login ! end Dung lnh show version tim phin ban cua IOS hin co. RouterA#show version Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Router ang chay IOS version 12.1(3)

Copyright (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Thu 06-Jul-00 07:33 by cmong Image text-base: 0x0303E710, data-base: 0x00001000 ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWARE BOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) R1 uptime is 1 hour, 22 minutes System returned to ROM by power-on System image file is "flash:c2500-i-l.121-3.bin" IOS c nap t flash cisco 2511 (68030) processor (revision M) with 14336K/2048K bytes of memory. Router co 16 MB RAM, 14MB dung cho b nh x ly, 2MB dung cho b nh I/O Processor board ID 07143970, with hardware revision 00000000 Bridging software. X.25 software, Version 3.0.0. 1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 2 Serial network interface(s) 16 terminal line(s) 32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) router co 8 MB flash Configuration register is 0x2102 Xem ni dung b nh flash dung lnh show flash RouterA#show flash System flash directory: File Length Name/status 1 7640212 c2500-i-l.121-3.bin [7640276 bytes used, 748332 available, 8388608 total] chc chn co th truy cp c TFTP server ia chi 10.10.3.28, dung lnh ping kim tra. RouterA#ping 10.10.3.28 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.3.28 timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms Sau khi a kim tra kt ni n TFTP server nh trn, ta bt u nap IOS mi vao router

bng lnh copy tftp flash. Lu y dng sn phm Cisco 2500 l lai router chay t flash. RouterA#copy tftp flash **** NOTICE **** Flash load helper v1.0 This process will accept the copy options and then terminate the current system image to use the ROM based image for the copy. router se nap IOS image trong ROM, IOS nay se ghi IOS mi vao flash Routing functionality will not be available during that time. If you are logged in via telnet, this connection will terminate. Users with console access can see the results of the copy operation. ---- ******** ---Proceed? [confirm] Address or name of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 10.10.3.28 ia chi TFTP server Source file name []?c2500-i-l.121-4.bin Destination file name []? Accessing tftp://10.10.3.28/c2500-i-l.121-4.bin... Erase flash: before copying? [confirm] xoa ni dung hin tai cua flash Loading System flash directory: File Length Name/status 1 7640212 c2500-i-l.121-3.bin [7640276 bytes used, 748332 available, 8388608 total] Accessing file 'c2500-i-l.121-4.bin' on 10.10.3.28... Loading c2500-i-l.121-4.bin from 10.10.3.28 (via Ethernet0):! [OK] Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ...erased Loading c2500-i-l.121-4.bin from 10.10.3.28 (via Ethernet0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! [OK - 7640212/8388608 bytes] Verifying checksum... OK (0x1FC7) Flash copy took 0:03:47 [hh:mm:ss] %FLH: Re-booting system after download Restricted Rights Legend ... Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(4), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Thu 06-Jul-00 07:33 by cmong Image text-base: 0x0303E710, data-base: 0x00001000

cisco 2511 (68030) processor (revision M) with 14336K/2048K bytes of memory. Processor board ID 07143970, with hardware revision 00000000 Bridging software. X.25 software, Version 3.0.0. 1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 2 Serial network interface(s) 16 terminal line(s) 32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) Press RETURN to get started! Sau khi a nap IOS mi dung lnh show version kim tra lai router a chay IOS mi cha: RouterA#show version Kim tra lai ln na bng show flash.

Lab 1-9: Nap IOS t TFTP Server cho router chay t RAM
Lab 1-9: Nap IOS Image t TFTP Server cho router chay t RAM

M ta Cu hinh nay m ta cach nap IOS image t router chay t RAM. Mt s dng sn phm router chay t RAM l Cisco 2600, Cisco 3600 series, Cisco 4600 series. PC chay TFTP server ni vi router trong cung mang LAN. IOS image mi se cha trong PC va se truyn qua Cisco router bng giao thc truyn TFTP. PC hoat ng nh TFTP server, router se la TFTP client. Thc hin Ban u cu hinh cua RouterA nh sau

RouterA ! hostname RouterA ! interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 10.10.3.253 255.255.255.0 Ethernet interface trn cung mang vi TFTP server ! line con 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login ! end Dung lnh show version tim phin ban cua IOS hin co. Lnh nay cung cp mt s thng tin nh dung lng b nh va image cua router RouterA#show version Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS(tm)C2600 Software(C2600-JSX-M),Version 12.1(5)XM,EARLY DEPLOYMENT RELEASE SOFTWARE Router ang chay IOS version 11.1 (4) Image text-base: 0x80008088, data-base: 0x8148BD7C RouterA uptime is 11 minutes System restarted by power-on System image file is "flash: c2600-i-mz.120-3.T3.bin ", booted via flash IOS c nap trong flash cisco 2621 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x102) with 60416K/5120K bytes of memory. Router co 64MB DRAM, 60MB dung cho b nh x ly, 4MB dung cho b nh I/O Processor board ID JAB041708RB (3572412720) M860 processor: part number 0, mask 49 Bridging software. X.25 software, Version 3.0.0. SuperLAT software (copyright 1990 by Meridian Technology Corp). TN3270 Emulation software. 4 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 2 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 2 Serial network interface(s) 32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) router co 16 MB flash Configuration register is 0x2102

Xem ni dung b nh flash dung lnh show flash RouterA#show flash System flash directory: File Length Name/status 1 3612344 c2600-i-mz.120-3.T3.bin chc chn co th truy cp c TFTP server ia chi 10.10.3.28, dung lnh ping kim tra. RouterA#ping 10.10.3.28 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.3.28 timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms Khi a kim tra kt ni n TFTP server, ta bt u nap IOS mi vao router bng lnh copy tftp flash. Lu y trong bi thc hnh nay, ta se khng xoa file cu hin co trong flash. RouterA#copy tftp flash Address or name of remote host [10.10.3.28]? ia chi TFTP server Source file name? c2600-jsx-mz.121-5.xm.bin tn cua IOS mun nap Destination file name? Accessing tftp://10.10.3.28/c2600-jsx-mz.121-5.xm.bin Erase flash device before writing? [confirm]n khng xoa file hin tai cua flash Loading c2600-jsx-mz.121-5.xm.bin from 10.10.3.28 (via Ethernet0/0) !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ... [OK - 3612344/7224320 bytes] Verifying checksum... OK (0x515A) Sau khi qua trinh nap hoan tt, ta kim tra ni dung cua b nh flash bng lnh show flash RouterA#show flash System flash directory: File Length Name/status 1 12080536 c2600-jsx-mz.121-5.xm.bin 2 3612344 c2600-i-mz.120-3.T3.bin [15693008 bytes used, 1084208 available, 16777216 total] 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) Luc nay co hai file trong flash. Ta cn khai bao cho router bit dung file nao trong khi

khi ng. Dung lnh boot system flash trong configuration mode RouterA#conf term RouterA(config)#boot system flash c2600-jsx-mz.121-5.xm.bin RouterA(config)#exit Kim tra lai bng show run chc chn cu lnh anh ung Lu cu hinh dung lnh write memory (hay copy run start) va sau o nap lai RouterA#write mem Building configuration ... [OK] RouterA#reload Proceed with reload? [confirm] Sau khi a nap IOS mi dung lnh show version kim tra lai router a chay IOS mi hay cha: RouterA#show version Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-JSX-M), Version 12.1(5)XM, ... System file image flash: c2600-jsx-mz.121-5.xm.bin Nu mun nap IOS mi ma khng gi phin ban cu, cung dung lnh copy tftp flash va cho phep xoa flash trc khi ghi. RouterA#copy tftp flash System flash directory: Address or name of remote host [10.10.3.28]? ia chi TFTP server Source file name? tn cua IOS mun nap Destination file name? Accessing file tftp://... Erase flash device before writing? [confirm] Nhn Enter tai y cho phep xoa flash trc khi ghi file mi Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm] Erasing device ... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee ...erased Erase of flash: complete Copy ... as ...? [yes/no]y Loading !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! [OK - 12080536/24160256 bytes] Verifying checksum... OK (0xECAC) 12080536 bytes copied in 100.524 secs (120805 bytes/sec)

Sau khi nap xong h iu hnh cho router, nn kim tra lai tnh trng cc file hin c trong flash bng show flash hoc dir flash:

Lab 1-10: Nap IOS image cho router bng Xmodem

M ta Bi thc hnh nay m ta cach nap IOS bng giao thc Xmodem/Ymodem cho dong router 2600, 3600 khi router gp s c v khng th np IOS theo cch dng TFTP server. IOS image c t trn PC, dung giao thc truyn Xmodem hay Ymodem truyn file IOS qua router qua cng console. Trong thc t ta co th gp tinh hung nay khi router bi mt IOS. - Co th truyn IOS image t may tinh xa bng cach ni modem vi cng console cua router ni qua mang in thoai thng thng (PSTN). May tinh t xa cung ni modem vi mang in thoai , t may tinh nay quay s va kt ni vi router. - truyn IOS image t mt may tinh cuc b, kt ni cng console router vi cng serial cua may tinh, dung cap null-modem (tc cap rollover). Tc cng console cu hinh trn router phai phu hp vi tc cng serial (COM1 hoc COM2) cua PC. Cu hinh di y m ta cach nap IOS cho router qua cng console. Cac cu lnh c thc hin trn nhom router 2600, 3600 s khc vi router 2500 nhng u tun theo cac bc c ban sau: 1.Ni router vi may tinh qua cng console, khi ng router. 2.t tc lai cho cng console la 115200 bps. 3.Khi ng lai router . 4.Chinh lai thng s chng trinh HyperTermial cho phu hp. 5.Dung lnh xmodem bt u qua trinh nhn file trn router. 6.Khi ng qua trinh truyn file bng xmodem t chng trinh HyperTermial. 7.Ch ti khi qua trinh truyn hoan tt, router khi ng t IOS mi. 8.t lai tc 9600 bps cho cng console (tc t lai gia tri mc inh cho thanh ghi).

Thc hin 1. Mt router khi khng co IOS image trong flash luc khi ng se vao t ng vo ch ROM monitor. Du nhc ROM monitor khac nhau cac nhom router 2600, 3600 va router 2500. Router 2600 rommon 1> i vi router 2500, du nhc s c dng: > t lai tc cng console la 115200 bps va khi ng lai router i vi Router 2600 Dung lnh confreg t lai gia tri thanh ghi cu hinh, co th thc hin bng hai cach: rommon 2 > confreg 0x3822 You must reset or power cycle rommon 3 > reset hoc chi anh lnh confreg sau o tra li cac cu hoi theo sau: rommon 2 > confreg Configuration Summary enabled are: load rom after netboot fails console baud: 9600 boot: image specified by the boot system commands or default to: cisco2-C2600 do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y enable "diagnostic mode"? y/n [n]: n enable "use net in IP bcast address"? y/n [n]: n disable "load rom after netboot fails"? y/n [n]: n enable "use all zero broadcast"? y/n [n]: n enable "break/abort has effect"? y/n [n]: y enable "ignore system config info"? y/n [n]: n change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y enter rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 4800, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400 4 = 19200, 5 = 38400, 6 = 57600, 7 = 115200 [0]: 7 change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n Configuration Summary enabled are: load rom after netboot fails break/abort has effect console baud: 115200 boot: image specified by the boot system commands or default to: cisco2-C2600 do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n

You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect rommon 3 > reset i vi router 2500 > t lai gia tri thanh ghio/r 0x3822 > khi ng lai routeri 2. Sau khi khi ng lai router, tc bit a thay i, phai thit lp kt ni mi (File New Connection ...), chinh lai thng s HyperTermial cho phu hp vi tc console mi la 115200 baud. Vi tc nay se giam thi gian truyn IOS image. ky t la xut hin do khng phu hp tc phai chinh lai thng s COM1 nh sau:"_nR!1bR

3. Thc hin lnh xmodem vi thng s theo sau la file IOS image mun nhn. rommon 1 > xmodem c2600-io3-mz.121-5.T Do not start the sending program yet... File size Checksum File name 4032136 bytes (0x3d8688) 0xaca4 2600.12.0.7.bin WARNING: All existing data in bootflash will be lost! Invoke this application only for disaster recovery. Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: y Ready to receive file c2600- io3-mz.121-5.T ... 4. Khi man hinh hin thng bao a sn sang nhn file, right click trn man hinh chon Send File ... (hoc chon t menu Transfer / Send File ...) Chon Filename thich hp va Protocol la Xmodem; nhn Send Thc hin chinh cac thng s nh cac hp thoai sau:

Giao thc gi file Xmodem

(tai HyperTeminal) Erasing flash at 0x607c0000

program flash location 0x60510000 ch ti khi thng bao hoan tt qua trinh kim tra, router t khi ng laiDownload Complete! program load complete, entry point: 0x80008000, size: 0x517174 5. Router a khi ng lai, t gia tri thanh ghi v mc inh ... Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: No Router#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Thay i giatrithanh ghi vm c i nhRouter(config)#config-register 0x2102 Router(config)#exit 6. Ki m tra la i file m i a c na p Router#show flash System flash directory: File Length Name/status 1 5337744 file m i alu trong flashc2600-io3-mz.121-5.T [5337808 bytes used, 3050800 available, 8388608 total] 8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) Router#show version Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-IO3-M), Version 12.1(5)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1) ... System image file is "flash:2600.12.0.7.bin" Basic Rate ISDN software, Version 1.1. 1 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 1 Serial network interface(s) 1 ISDN Basic Rate interface(s) 32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) Configuration register is 0x3822 (will be 0x2102 at next reload) Router#copy run start

Lab 1-11: Nap IOS cho router Cisco 2600 bng tftpdnld
Lab 1-11: Nap IOS image cho router Cisco 2600 bng tftpdnld

M ta Bi thc hnh nay m ta cach nap image cho Cisco 2600 dung TFTP thng qua port LAN u tin cua router s dung cu lnh tftpdnld ROMMON mode. Cach nap nay co hiu qua khi router khng co IOS image, cach nay nhanh hn so vi nap qua console bng Xmodem. TFTP (Trial File Transfer Protocol) la giao thc chun cua giao thc TCP/IP. TFTP la giao thc khng kt ni va tin cy (connectionless, reliable protocol). TFTP Server co th la mt workstation UNIX hay mt PC thng chay chng trinh gia lp TFTP server trn mt h thng mang TCP/IP. TFTP Server thng c dung lam ni lu cac file cu hinh, IOS image hay ngc lai cha cac file cu hinh mi, cac IOS image mi update cho router. Nap qua ROMMON TFTP chi hoat ng trn port LAN u tin; i vi Cisco 2621 co th chon port Token Ring hay Ethernet. Dung ROMMON TFTP chi co th nap file cho router, khng th ly file t router. Thc hin u tin, phai t cac bin mi trng trong ROMMON cho qua trinh chuyn file thng qua TFTP. Tt ca bin phn bit ch hoa hay thng (case sensitive). xem cac gi tr hin hnh ca cc bin mi trng nay, dung lnh set rommon 3 > set PS1=rommon ! > IP_ADDRESS=172.18.16.76 IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.192 DEFAULT_GATEWAY=172.18.16.65 TFTP_SERVER=172.18.16.2 TFTP_FILE=c2600-is-mz.113-2.0.3.Q Co th xem y nghia cua cac bin nay bng lnh tftpdnld ? rommon 5>tftpdnld ?

usage: tftpdnld [-r] Use this command for disaster recovery only to recover an image via TFTP. Monitor variables are used to set up parameters for the transfer. (Syntax: "VARIABLE_NAME=value" and use "set" to show current variables.) "ctrl-c" or "break" stops the transfer before flash erase begins. The following variables are REQUIRED to be set for tftpdnld: IP_ADDRESS: The IP address for this unit IP_SUBNET_MASK: The subnet mask for this unit DEFAULT_GATEWAY: The default gateway for this unit TFTP_SERVER: The IP address of the server to fetch from TFTP_FILE: The filename to fetch The following variables are OPTIONAL: TFTP_VERBOSE: Print setting. 0=quiet, 1=progress(default), 2=verbose TFTP_RETRY_COUNT: Retry count for ARP and TFTP (default=7) TFTP_TIMEOUT: Overall timeout of operation in seconds (default=7200) TFTP_CHECKSUM: Perform checksum test on image, 0=no, 1=yes default=1 FE_SPEED_MODE: 0=10/hdx, 1=10/fdx, 2=100/hdx, 3=100/fdx, 4=Auto(deflt) Command line options: -r: do not write flash, load to DRAM only and launch image t lai cac bin nay bng cach gan gia tri trc tip trn dong lnh: rommon 16 > rommon 17 > rommon 18 > rommon 19 > rommon 20 > ia chi IP cho portIP_ADDRESS=10.10.3.100 subnet maskIP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0 default gatewayDEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.10.3.1 ia chi TFTP serverTFTP_SERVER=10.10.3.1 tn file cn napTFTP_FILE=c2600-is-mz.113-2.0.2.Q

Sau khi t cac bin dung lnh sync lu gia tri vao NVRAM rommon 21 > sync Bt u qua trinh nap bng lnh tftpdnld rommon 22 > tftpdnld IP_ADDRESS=10.10.3.100 IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0 DEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.10.3.1 TFTP_SERVER=10.10.3.1 TFTP_FILE=c2600-is-mz.113-2.0.2.Q Invoke this command for disaster recovery only.

WARNING: all existing data in all partitions on flash will be lost! Do you wish to continue? y/n: [n]: y Receiving c2600-is-mz.113-2.0.3.Q from 10.10.3.1 !!!!!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.!! File reception completed. Copying file c2600-is-mz.113-2.0.3.Q to flash. Erasing flash at 0x607c0000 ch xong qua trinh inh ia chi, file a c nap.program flash location 0x60440000 Sau khi thc hin xong, nn khi ng lai router IOS mi co hiu lc.

Lab 1-12: Nap IOS image cho switch 2900, 3500

Lab 1-12: Nap IOS image cho switch 2900, 3500

M ta Bi thc hnh nay m ta cach nap IOS image cho switch 2900 va 3500 series. PC ni vi switch qua cng console. IOS image se cha trong PC va c truyn qua Catalyst switch bng giao thc xmodem. Thc hin 1. Qua trinh boot cua switch 2900 khi mt IOS image: C2900XL Boot Loader (C2900-HBOOT-M) Version 12.0(5.1)XP, MAINTENANCE INTERIM SOFTWARE Compiled Fri 10-Dec-99 11:06 by cchang starting... Base ethernet MAC Address: 00:b0:64:c9:cd:40 Xmodem file system is available. Initializing Flash...

flashfs[0]: 3 files, 1 directories flashfs[0]: 0 orphaned files, 0 orphaned directories flashfs[0]: Total bytes: 3612672 flashfs[0]: Bytes used: 3584 flashfs[0]: Bytes available: 3609088 flashfs[0]: flashfs fsck took 2 seconds. ...done Initializing Flash. Boot Sector Filesystem (bs:) installed, fsid: 3 Parameter Block Filesystem (pb:) installed, fsid: 4 The system is unable to boot automatically because there are no bootable files to boot. Switch khng tim thy IOS image switch: 2. Copy IOS image t xmodem vao flash, ly tn la bootfile switch: copy xmodem: flash:bootfile Begin the Xmodem or Xmodem-1K transfer now... Sau khi switch xut hin dong thng bao trn, ca s Hyper Terminal, chon Transfer/Send File. Chon IOS image cn truyn t PC, chon protocol la xmodem. Phai thc hin vic nay trong vong 3 giy, nu khng switch se bi timeout qua trinh nhn file. CC................................................ ............................ .................................................. ............................ .............. qua trinh copy a hoan ttFile "xmodem:" successfully copied to "flash:bootfile" 3. Cu hinh cho switch boot bng IOS image va c copy switch: boot flash:bootfile Loading "flash:bootfile"...############################### ############################ ################################################## ############################ ################## File "flash:bootfile" uncompressed and installed, entry point: 0x3000

executing... cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, California 95134-1706 Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) C2900XL Software (C2900XL-C3H2S-M), Version 12.0(5.2)XU, MAINTENANCE INTERIM SOFTWARE Copyright (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 17-Jul-00 17:35 by ayounes Image text-base: 0x00003000, data-base: 0x00301F3C Initializing C2900XL flash... flashfs[1]: 4 files, 1 directories flashfs[1]: 0 orphaned files, 0 orphaned directories flashfs[1]: Total bytes: 3612672 flashfs[1]: Bytes used: 1649664 flashfs[1]: Bytes available: 1963008 flashfs[1]: flashfs fsck took 6 seconds. flashfs[1]: Initialization complete. ...done Initializing C2900XL flash. C2900XL POST: System Board Test: Passed C2900XL POST: Daughter Card Test: Passed C2900XL POST: CPU Buffer Test: Passed C2900XL POST: CPU Notify RAM Test: Passed C2900XL POST: CPU Interface Test: Passed C2900XL POST: Testing Switch Core: Passed C2900XL POST: Testing Buffer Table: Passed C2900XL POST: Data Buffer Test: Passed C2900XL POST: Configuring Switch Parameters: Passed C2900XL POST: Ethernet Controller Test: Passed C2900XL POST: MII Test: Passed cisco WS-C2912-XL (PowerPC403GA) processor (revision 0x11) with 8192K/1024K bytes of memory. Processor board ID FAB0403W0LS, with hardware revision 0x01 Last reset from warm-reset Processor is running Enterprise Edition Software Cluster command switch capable Cluster member switch capable 12 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 32K bytes of flash-simulated non-volatile configuration memory. Base ethernet MAC Address: 00:B0:64:C9:CD:40

Motherboard assembly number: 73-3397-07 Power supply part number: 34-0834-01 Motherboard serial number: FAB040263DN Power supply serial number: PHI034005GP Model revision number: A0 Model number: WS-C2912-XL-EN System serial number: FAB0403W0LS_ Press RETURN to get started! Switch>enable Switch# 4. Dung lnh show flash xem ni dung b nh flash Switch#show flash: Directory of flash:/ 2 -rwx 1645824 Jan 01 1970 00:37:30 bootfile 4 -rwx 776 Mar 01 1993 01:00:44 vlan.dat 6 -rwx 17 Jan 01 1970 00:00:56 env_vars 7 -rwx 765 Mar 01 1993 00:59:17 config.text 3612672 bytes total (1963008 bytes free) Switch# 5. Dung lnh show boot kim tra cac tham s boot Switch#show boot BOOT path-list: Config file: flash:config.text Enable Break: yes Manual Boot: no HELPER path-list: NVRAM/Config file buffer size: 32768 Switch#

Lab 1-13: Cisco HTTP Web Server

Lab 1-13: Cisco HTTP Web Server

M ta HTTP la mt ng dung client/server, dung giao thc vn chuyn TCP. Client chay trinh duyt Web nh Netscape Navigator hay Internet Explorer. PC chay trinh duyt Web, kt ni Ethernet vi router VNPro la Web server. Bi thc hnh nay m ta cach cu hinh router co th truy cp va quan ly router bng chng trinh duyt Web chay trn PC ia chi 10.10.3.77. Cu hinh VNPro ! hostname VNPro ! enable password cisco ! no ip domain-lookup ! interface Ethernet 0 ip address 10.10.3.100 255.255.255.0 ! cho phep router hoat ng nh HTTP serverip http server !-- lnh nay cho phep router tra li HTTP request t mt Web client ip classless ! line console 0 password cisco login line vty 0 4 login ! end Tai PC ia chi IP la 10.10.3.1/24 Kim tra Kim tra kt ni gia PC va router bng lnh ping trn PC.

Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600] (C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp. C:\>ping 10.10.3.100 Pinging 10.10.3.100 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 10.10.3.100: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255 Reply from 10.10.3.100: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255 Reply from 10.10.3.100: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255 Reply from 10.10.3.100: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255 Ping statistics for 10.10.3.100: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms C:\> Chay chng trinh duyt Web. Nhp ia chi cua router VNPro trn thanh Address va nhn Enter Man hinh login se xut hin Nhp User name: cisco hoc VNPro; Mt khu: cisco (mt khu nay la enable mt khu c t trn router trc o) Vi giao din Web co th thc hin bng cach chon lnh trn man hinh.

Lab 1-14: Cu hnh router t xa qua cng AUX

Lab 1-14: Cu hnh router t xa qua cng AUX

M t: Cng dng ph bin nht ca cng AUX l thit lp cc kt ni t xa vo router (thng qua Modem), ch yu cu hnh khi khng c iu kin truy cp trc tip trn cng console. Bi thc hnh ny m t cc bc thit lp kt ni phn cng v cu hnh router router c th chp nhn cuc gi.

Cc bc tin hnh: 1.Kt ni t modem vo cng AUX: Nu cng AUX l RJ-45: dng cp Rolled RJ-45--RJ-45 cable (P/N CAB-500RJ), cp console, v u chuyn i RJ-45 sang DB-25 (P/N CAB-25AS-MMOD) kt ni vo Modem. Nu AUX l DB-25: s dng cp thng DB-25Female - DB25Male RS-232 kt ni t router n Modem. 2. cu hnh cc thng s trn cng AUX, trc ht cn xc nh line number ca cng AUX bng lnh show line Vi cc lai router thng thng, cng AUX nm line 1. Ring i vi cc Access Server th port AUX li nm lin sau cc line TTY. C th vi Access Server c 16 Async modem lines th cng AUX nm line 17. Trong v d di dy, ta dng lnh show line xc nh cng AUX nm line 65 : vnpro#show line Tty Typ Tx/Rx A Modem Roty AccO AccI Uses Noise Overruns Int * 0 CTY - - - - - 0 0 0/0 65 AUX 9600/9600 - - - - - 0 1 0/0 66 VTY - - - - - 0 0 0/0 67 VTY - - - - - 0 0 0/0 68 VTY - - - - - 0 0 0/0 69 VTY - - - - - 0 0 0/0 70 VTY - - - - - 0 0 0/0 Line(s) not in async mode -or- with no hardware support 1-64 3.Cu hnh line AUX trn router: Vi cng AUX nm trn line 65 nh v d trn: vnpro(config)#line 65 vnpro(config-line)#modem inout !--- Cho php gi vo ra trn router. vnpro(config-line)#speed 115200 !--- Xc nh line speed router lin lc vi modem vnpro(config-line)#transport input all !--- Line h tr cc lai protocols khc nhau. vnpro(config-line)#flowcontrol hardware !--- Bt RTS/CTS flow control.

vnpro(config-line)#login !--- Xc nhn cc cuc gi ti s dng mt khu cu hnh bn di vnpro(config-line)#password cisco Dng chng trnh Hyper Terminal quay s kt ni vo router. Khi kt ni xong, nhp mt khu ng nhp vo ch Conmmand Line Interface. Ch l ta nn quay s t chng trnh HyperTerminal ca Windows, khng c quay s dng Dial-up Networking