High Definition Television

Presented By: Jerry Moore jerryamoore@cox.net 12 August 2009

1

High Definition Television

DEFINITION: HDTV is generally recognized as a digital video broadcast with a minimum resolution of 1280 pixels wide and 720 pixels high, a rate of 30 or more frames/second and usually an aspect ratio of 16:9.
2

High Definition Television

A standard definition analog television uses a cathode ray tube with an electron gun to guide the path of an electron beam to paint 480 vertical lines across the face of the screen. Each time the beam strikes a dot of phosphor, light is produced. For a color television set, each spot consists of a group of three phosphor elements; one for each primary color.

High Definition Television

Analog vs. Digital Everything Has A Frequency

High Definition Television

Analog To Digital Conversion
Signals in the real world are analog: light, sound, you name it. So, real-world signals must be converted into digital, using a circuit called ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter), before they can be manipulated by digital equipment.

High Definition Television

A high definition digital television generally uses a Plasma or Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) to illuminate thousands to millions of tiny dots across the face of the screen. Common Name 480i (SDTV) 480p (EDTV) 720p (HDTV) 1080i (HDTV) 1080p (HDTV) RED (4K) Resolution WxH 720x480 720x480 1280x720 1920x1080 1920x1080 4096x2304 Aspect Ratio Number Of Pixels 345,600 345,600 921,600 2,073,600 2,073,600 9,437,184

4:3 4:3 16:9 16:9 16:9 16:9

So how much better is HDTV compared to SDTV? 2,073,600 / 345,600 = 6.0086

6

High Definition Television

Compression
Pixel Width Pixel Height Total Pixels Number Of Colors Bits Per Color Total Bits Per Frame Frames Per Second Bits Per Second 1920 1080 2,073,600 3 24 149,299,200 30 4,478,976,000
Controlled by Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) Is a form of lossy compression Only needs to capture pixels that have changed from one frame to the next Uses sophisticated algorithms to trick the brain into seeing more that what is actually there DVD uses standard MPEG2 MPEG4 is the current evolving standard
7

Bytes Per Second Megabytes Per Second

Megabytes Per Minute Megabytes Per Hour Gigabytes Per Hour

559,872,000 534
32,036 1,922,168 1,877

High Definition Television

Aspect Ratios Why Are There So Many???
Aspect ratio Description 35 mm original silent film ratio, commonly known in TV and video as 4:3. Also standard ratio for MPEG-2 video compression. This format is still used in most personal video cameras today. It is the standard 16 mm and Super 35mm ratio. 35 mm full-screen sound film image, nearly universal in movies between 1932 and 1953. Officially adopted as the Academy ratio in 1932 by AMPAS. Rarely used in theatrical context nowadays, but occasionally used for other context. IMAX format. Imax productions use 70 mm wide film (the same as used for 70 mm feature films), but the film runs through the camera and projector sideways. This allows for a physically larger area for each image. The aspect ratio of 35 mm film used for still photography. Usually called 3:2. Also the native aspect ratio of VistaVision. Widescreen aspect ratio 14:9. Often used in shooting commercials etc. as a compromise format between 4:3 (12:9) and 16:9, especially when the output will be used in both standard TV and widescreen. When converted to a 16:9 frame, there is slight pillarboxing, while conversion to 4:3 creates slight letterboxing. 35 mm Originally a flat ratio invented by Paramount Pictures, now a standard among several European countries; native Super 16 mm frame ratio. (5:3, sometimes expressed more accurately as "1.67".) 1.33:1

1.37:1

1.43:1

1.50:1

1.56:1

1.66:1

1.75:1

Early 35 mm widescreen ratio, primarily used by MGM and Warner Bros. between 1953 and 1955, and since abandoned.
Video widescreen standard (16:9), used in high-definition television, one of three ratios specified for MPEG-2 video compression. Also used in some personal video cameras. 35 mm US and UK widescreen standard for theatrical film. Uses approximately 3 perforations ("perfs") of image space per 4 perf frame; films can be shot in 3-perf to save cost of film stock.

1.78:1

1.85:1

High Definition Television

Aspect Ratios Why Are There So Many???
Aspect ratio 2.00:1 Description Original SuperScope ratio, also used in Univisium. Used as a flat ratio for some American studios in the 1950s, abandoned in the 1960s, but recently popularized by the Red One camera system. 70 mm standard. Originally developed for Todd-AO in the 1950s. 2.21:1 is specified for MPEG-2 but not used. 35 mm anamorphic prior to 1970, used by CinemaScope ("'Scope") and early Panavision. The anamorphic standard has subtly changed so that modern anamorphic productions are actually 2.39, [1] but often referred to as 2.35 anyway, due to old convention. (Note that anamorphic refers to the compression of the image on film to maximize an area slightly taller than standard 4-perf Academy aperture, but presents the widest of aspect ratios.) 35 mm anamorphic from 1970 onwards. Sometimes rounded up to 2.40:1[1] Often commercially branded as Panavision format or 'Scope. Original aspect ratio of CinemaScope before optical sound was added to the film in 1954. This was also the aspect ratio of CinemaScope 55. Cinerama at full height (three specially captured 35 mm images projected side-by-side into one composite widescreen image). Full frame output from Super 16 mm negative when an anamorphic lens system has been used. Effectively, an image that is of the ratio 2.66:1 is squashed onto the native 15:9 aspect ratio of a Super 16 mm negative. MGM Camera 65 (65 mm with 1.25x anamorphic squeeze). Used only on a handful of films between 1956 and 1964, such as Ben-Hur (1959). Polyvision, three 35 mm 1.33 images projected side by side. Used only on Abel Gance's Napolon (1927). 2.20:1

2.35:1

2.39:1

2.55:1

2.59:1

2.66:1

2.76:1 4.00:1

High Definition Television

Screen Refresh Rates A rate of 24 frames/second (progressive) has been the movie film standard since the mid-20s The television industry has used a rate of 60 frames/second (interlaced) since the 40s each frame draws every other line of the picture An HDTV will use digital image processing circuitry to process the interlaced TV signal, upscale the image size and convert the input to 60 frames/second progressive Newer HDTVs are being marketed as 120 Hz and 240 Hz using circuitry to help reduce motion blur Unless you watch a lot of sports or action movies, you probably wont notice the difference
10

High Definition Television

Which Type Of HDTV Should I Choose?
Type Direct View (CRT) Pro Cheap (if you can find one) Competitive price, suitable for rooms with high ambient light Brighter colors, less motion blur, wider viewing angle Con Heavy, max screen size limited, soon to be obsolete Motion blur more apparent than Plasma, better in low light More power consumption than LCD, less competitive price More bulky then flat panel, more components to fail Costly installation, not suitable for rooms with high ambient light

LCD

Plasma

Rear Projection

Larger screen size at lower cost

Front Projection

Best solution for screens over 60 inches

11

High Definition Television

Whats A Good Screen Size???
16:9 Diagonal Inches 26 30 Minimum In Feet 3.3 3.8 Maximum In Feet 6.5 7.6

34
42 47 50 55 60 65

4.3
5.3 5.9 6.3 6.9 7.5 8.1

8.5
10.5 11.8 12.5 12.8 15 16.2
12

High Definition Television

Power Consumption
Type/Factor LCD Plasma Rear Projection Some newer HDTVs even have a motion sensor that will drop down to a lower power consumption mode when you leave the room

Sample Size

84

50

16

Screen

42

49

60

Watts

206

343

210

Watts/Size

4.9

7.0

3.5

13

High Definition Television

Connections
You will find a confusing array of connections on both your input sources and your HDTV. Making the right choice can have a significant impact on the quality of both your picture and your sound. DO NOT spend $100 or more for a high quality HDMI cable. Digital is digital either it works or it doesnt.

14

High Definition Television

Input Sources

Antenna Cable Cox Provided Digital Video Recorder (DVR) Tivo DVD Player Blu-Ray DVD Player Sony Playstation 3 Apple TV Window Computer Mac Mini PC Audio/Video Receiver
15

High Definition Television

Can I Get Free Over The Air HDTV Digital Broadcasts Maybe?
Call Sign Channel Network City, State Heading Miles KABC-DT 7.1 ABC LOS ANGELES, CA 315 47.1 KCAL-DT KTTV-DT KCOP-DT KTBN-DT KBEH-DT 9.1 11.1 13.1 23.1 24.1 IND FOX MNT TBN ETH LOS ANGELES, CA LOS ANGELES, CA LOS ANGELES, CA SANTA ANA, CA OXNARD, CA 315 315 315 315 315 47.1 46.9 46.9 46.8 46.1

Station

KTBN-DT KVCR-DT KTLA-DT KDOC-DT KMEX-DT KNBC-DT KPXN-DT KVEA-DT KLCS-DT

KWHY-DT

KCAL-DT
KFTR-DT

KOCE-DT
KXLA-DT

KABC-DT KAZA-DT KCET-DT KCBS-DT KSCI-DT KTTV-DT

KRCA-DT

Channel 23 26 31 32 35 36 38 39 41 42 43 47 48 51 53 54 59 60 61 65 68

Network Trinity Broadcasting PBS WB Independent Univision NBC PaxNet Telemundo PBS Independent Independent Telefutura PBS Independent ABC Azteca America\ PBS CBS Independent Fox Independent

Location Santa Ana San Bernardino Hollywood Irvine Los Angeles Burbank Burbank Glendale Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Huntington Beach Los Angeles Los Angeles Avalon Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Los Angeles Burbank

16

High Definition Television

Cox HD Service
Service Basic Digital Service Digital Receiver Digital Video Recorder Expanded HD Tier HBO Estimated Additional Cost Monthly Cost $ 14.95 $ 5.50 $ 11.95 $ 4.95 $ $ 12.99 50.34

17

High Definition Television

TIVO HD
Watch and record HDTV broadcasts replacing the cable company box uses cable cards Order movies from Netflix, Amazon and many other sources Burn recordings to DVD using TivoToGo

18

High Definition Television

Standard DVD Player
A standard DVD player, without upscaling, can output video resolution at 720x480 (480i). A progressive scan DVD player, without upscaling, can output 720x480 (480p progressive scan) video signals. 480i represents 720 pixels displayed across a screen horizontally and 480 pixels down a screen vertically. This arrangement yields 480 horizontal lines, which are, in turn, displayed alternately. In other words, all the odd lines are displayed, followed by all the even lines. 480p represents 720 pixels displayed across the screen horizontally and 480 pixels down the screen vertically. This arrangement yields 480 horizontal lines on the screen, which are, in turn, displayed progressively, or each line displayed following another. Upscaling is a process that mathematically matches the pixel count of the output of the DVD signal to the physical pixel count on an HDTV, which is typically 1280x720 (720p) or 1920x1080 (1080i).

19

High Definition Television

Apple TV
Order on demand movies from Netflix and Amazon Watch videos from YouTube Watch free high definition video podcasts Stream content from your home network

20

High Definition Television

Mac Mini
Do everything you would do with a desktop or notebook using a wireless keyboard Order on demand movies from Netflix and Amazon Watch videos from YouTube Watch free high definition video podcasts Play DVDs Stream content from your home network

21

High Definition Television

Sony Playstation 3
Excellent Blu-Ray player Wireless Internet access Web browser Stream video from other computers on home network Display photographs from other computers on home network Play music from other computers on your home network Keep your grandkids entertained when they come to visit
22

High Definition Television

Audio

Many experts recommend that spend as much on your home theater sound system as you do for the TV. Granted, the built in TV speakers are usually poor quality, but for those of use with less than optimal hearing, there are less costly alternatives.
23

High Definition Television

Calibration

There are five basic settings that should be adjusted in this order: Brightness (Black level) Contrast or Picture (White Level) Color (Saturation or Chroma) Tint (Hue) Sharpness (Detail)
At amazon.com you can purchase the Digital Video Essentials DVD for around $20.00 or purchase an in home calibration service like BestBuy GeekSquad for around $300. 24

High Definition Television

25

High Definition Television

Is Costco A Good Place To Shop?

26

High Definition Television

Copy Protection
The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) has gone to great lengths to discourage illegal copying of digital video. You will hear terms like digital rights management, region code and Macrovision. The U.S. Supreme Court, in a unanimous landmark decision, has sided with the RIAA (Recording Industry Association Of America) and the MPAA (Motion Picture Association of America), via MGM, in their battle against audio and video file sharing networks and makers of the video copying devices that can bypass anti-copy codes. Instead of having to sue individual audio and video "pirates", the Supreme Court has ruled that the RIAA and the MPAA can now legally sue software and hardware makers that manufacture devices that can be used for such purposes, even if they are not advocating their use for illegal audio and video file sharing or copying. So if you bought a VHS tape of a movie you really like and later purchased a DVD of this same movie, the MPAA would like you to now purchase another copy in high definition Blu Ray format.
27

High Definition Television

Buzz Words To Remember
HDMI 60 Hz 720p DVI Toslink Bit DVD BD Live Component 120 Hz 1080i Pixel DAC Byte Blu Ray Dolby Composite 240 Hz 1080p Interlace ADC Megabyte Dual Layer Region Code S-Video 720i VGA Refresh Rate RGB Gigabyte Streaming 5:1
28

High Definition Television

Web Site Links To Additional Resources
URL www.engadgethd.com www.gdgt.com www.ultimateavmag.com www.amazon.com www.cnet.com/hdtv-world www.apple.com/itunes Description
A great resource for what's new and interesting in the world of high definition video. A new community where you can catalog all your gadgets, find users with similar items and join forums where you can compare notes, user experiences and obtain product recommendations. Product reviews, buyer guides and tips for all your audio/visual equipment. A great place to check before you buy product reviews from actual consumers. News, reviews and how tos from CBS Interactive. Use this program to locate and download lots of HD video content that can be streamed to your HDTV if you have the right connection.
29

High Definition Television

30