666XLWH

CCI11 deeloped the Signalling System ,SS, speciication. SS is a

common channel signalling system. 1his means that one channel is used
only or sending the signalling inormation, whether the system has one
bearer channel or multiple bearer channels. 1he hardware and sotware
unctions o the SS protocol are diided into layers which loosely
correspond to the OSI layer model.
1his chapter describes the ollowing SS protocols:
M1P-2 Message 1ranser Part Leel 2.
M1P-3 Message 1ranser Part Leel 3.
SCCP: Signalling Connection Control Part.
DUP: Data User Part.
ISUP: ISDN User Part.
1UP: 1elephone User Part.
1CAP: 1ransaction Capabilities Application Part.
MAP: Mobile Application Part.
452 SS7 Suite
7KHIROORZLQJGLDJUDPLOOXVWUDWHVWKH66SURWRFROVXLWHLQUHODWLRQWRWKH
26,PRGHO
66LQUHODWLRQWRWKH26,PRGHO
Transport
Network
Data Link
GPRS
GMS/CDMA
Application
INAP
Session
Presentation
VLR
IS41/MAP
HLR
AUC
EIR
DTAP
B-ISUP
ISUP
DUP
SS
MM
RR
CM/CC
SMS
SNDCP
BSSMAP
SMS
GMM
Physical
TCAP TUP
BTSM BSSAP
SCCP
NM
V5
GTP
BSSGP
MTP1
MTP2
MTP3
NS-Network
LAPv5
From LAPD
From UDP
To IP
To X.25
From
Frame Relay
V5 Link Control
V5 PSTN
V5 Control
V5 Protection
LLC
073
073
Q.04 http:,,www.itu.ch,itudoc,itu-t,rec,q,q500-999,q04_292.html
Message 1ranser Part - Leel 3 ,M1P-3, connects Q.SAAL to the users. It
transers messages between the nodes o the signalling network. M1P-3
ensures reliable transer o the signalling messages, een in the case o the
ailure o the signalling links and signalling transer points. 1he protocol
thereore includes the appropriate unctions and procedures necessary both
to inorm the remote parts o the signalling network o the consequences o
a ault, and appropriately reconigure the routing o messages through the
signalling network.
1he structure o the M1P-3 header is shown in the ollowing illustration:
Service indicator Subservice field
4 bits 4 bits
073KHDGHUVWUXFWXUH
6HUYLFHLQGLFDWRU
Used to perorm message distribution and in some cases to perorm
message routing. 1he serice indicator codes are used in international
signalling networks or the ollowing purposes:
Signalling network management messages.
Signalling network testing and maintenance messages.
SCCP.
1elephone user part.
ISDN user part.
Data user part.
Resered or M1P testing user part.
6XEVHUYLFHILHOG
1he sub-serice ield contains the network indicator and two spare bits to
discriminate between national and international messages.
454 SS7 Suite
073
Q.03 http:,,www.itu.int,itudoc,itu-t,rec,q,q500-999,q03_24110.html
ANSI 11.111 199
Message 1ranser Part - Leel 2 ,M1P-2, is a signalling link which together
with M1P-3 proides reliable transer o signalling messages between two
directly connected signalling points.
1he ormat o the header is shown in the ollowing illustration:
7 8 bits
Flag
BSN (7 bits) BIB
FSN (7 bits) FIB
LI (6 + 2 bits)
SIO
SIF
Checksum
(16 bits)
Flag
073KHDGHUVWUXFWXUH
%61
Backward sequence number. Used to acknowledge message signal units
which hae been receied rom the remote end o the signalling link.
%,%
Backward indicator bit. 1he orward and backward indicator bit together
with orward and backward sequence number are used in the basic error
control method to perorm the signal unit sequence control and
acknowledgment unctions.
)61
lorward sequence number.
),%
lorward indicator bit.
073
/,
Length indicator. 1his indicates the number o octets ollowing the length
indicator octet.
6,2
Serice inormation octet.
6,)
Signalling inormation ield.
&KHFNVXP
Lery signal unit has 16 check bits or error detection.
45 SS7 Suite
6&&3
Q.13 http:,,www.itu.int,itudoc,itu-t,rec,q,q500-999,q13_2386.html
ANSI 11.112
1he Signalling Connection Control Part ,SCCP, oers enhancements to
M1P leel 3 to proide connectionless and connection-oriented network
serices, as well as to address translation capabilities. 1he SCCP
enhancements to M1P proide a network serice which is equialent to the
OSI Network layer 3.
1he ormat o the header is shown in the ollowing illustration:
Octets
Routing label 3-4
Message type code 1
Mandatory fixed part
Mandatory variable part
Optional part
6&&3KHDGHUVWUXFWXUH
5RXWLQJODEHO
A standard routing label.
0HVVDJHW\SHFRGH
A one octet code which is mandatory or all messages. 1he message type
code uniquely deines the unction and ormat o each SCCP message.
Lxisting Message 1ype Codes are:
CR Connection Request.
CC Connection Conirm.
CRLl Connection Reused.
RLSD Released.
RLC Release Complete.
D11 Data lorm 1.
D12 Data lorm 2.
AK Data Acknowledgment.
UD1 Unidata.
UD1S Unidata Serice.
LD Lxpedited Data.
LA Lxpedited Data Acknowledgment.
6&&3
RSR Reset Request.
RSC Reset Conirm.
LRR Protocol Data Unit Lrror.
I1 Inactiity 1est.
XUD1 Lxtended Unidata.
XUD1S Lxtended Unidata Serice.
0DQGDWRU\IL[HGSDUW
1he parts that are mandatory and o ixed length or a particular message
type will be contained in the mandatory ixed part.
0DQGDWRU\YDULDEOHSDUW
Mandatory parameters o ariable length will be included in the mandatory
ariable part. 1he name o each parameter and the order in which the
pointers are sent is implicit in the message type.
2SWLRQDOSDUW
1he optional part consists o parameters that may or may not occur in any
particular message type. Both ixed length and ariable length parameters
may be included. Optional parameters may be transmitted in any order.
Lach optional parameter will include the parameter name ,one octet, and
the length indicator ,one octet, ollowed by the parameter contents.
458 SS7 Suite
'83
1U-1 recommendation X.61 ,Q.41,
http:,,www.itu.int,itudoc,itu-t,rec,q,q500-999,q41.html
1he Data User Part ,DUP, deines the necessary call control, acility
registration and cancellation related elements, or international common
channel signalling, by using SS or circuit-switched data transmission
serices. 1he data signalling messages are diided into two categories:
Call and circuit related messages: used to set up and clear a call or
control and superise the circuit state.
lacility registration and cancellation related messages: used to exchange
inormation between originating and destination exchanges to register
and cancel inormation related to user acilities.
1he general ormat o the header o call and circuit related messages is
shown in the ollowing illustration:
8 14 16 28 32 bits
DPS OPC BIC
BIC TSC HC Parameters
'83FDOODQGFLUFXLWUHODWHGPHVVDJHVWUXFWXUH
1he general ormat o the header o lacility Registration and Cancellation
Messages is shown in the ollowing illustration:
8 14 16 28 32 bits
DPS OPC Spare
HC Parameters
'83IDFLOLW\UHJLVWUDWLRQDQGFDQFHOODWLRQPHVVDJHVWUXFWXUH
5RXWLQJODEHO
1he label contained in a signalling message and used by the releant user
part to identiy particulars to which the message reers. 1his is also used by
the message transer part to route the message towards its destination point.
It contains the DPS, OPC, BIC and 1SC.
'36
Destination Point code.
DUP 459
23&
Origination Point Code.
%,&
Bearer Identiication Code.
76&
1ime Slot Code.
+&
Heading code, contains the message type code which is mandatory or all
messages. It uniquely deines the unction and ormat o each Data User
Part message.
3DUDPHWHUV
Contains speciic ields or each message. Variable length.
6SDUHELWV
Not used, should be set to 0000.
40 SS7 Suite
,683
Q.63 http:,,www.itu.int,itudoc,itu-t,rec,q,q500-999,q63_2396.html
ISUP is the ISDN User Part o SS. ISUP deines the protocol and
procedures used to setup, manage and release trunk circuits that carry oice
and data calls oer the public switched telephone network. ISUP is used or
both ISDN and non-ISDN calls. Calls that originate and terminate at the
same switch do not use ISUP signalling. ISDN User Part messages are
carried on the signalling link by means o signal units. 1he signalling
inormation ield o each message signal unit contains an ISDN User Part
message consisting o an integral number o octets.
1he ormat o the ISUP packet is shown in the ollowing illustration:
Octets
Routing label 3-4
Circuit identification code 2
Message type code 1
Mandatory fixed part - (Parameters)
Mandatory variable part - (Parameters)
Optional part - (Parameters)
,683SDFNHWVWUXFWXUH
5RXWLQJODEHO
1he label contained in a signalling message, and used by the releant user
part to identiy particulars to which the message reers. It is also used by the
Message 1ranser Part to route the message towards its destination point.
&LUFXLWLGHQWLILFDWLRQFRGH
1he allocation o circuit identiication codes to indiidual circuits is
determined by bilateral agreement and,or in accordance with applicable
predetermined rules.
0HVVDJHW\SHFRGH
1he message type code consists o a one octet ield and is mandatory or all
messages. 1he message type code uniquely deines the unction and ormat
o each ISDN User Part message. Lach message consists o a number o
parameters. Message types may be:
Address complete.
,683
$QVZHU
%ORFNLQJ
%ORFNLQJDFNQRZOHGJHPHQW
&DOOSURJUHVV
&LUFXLWJURXSEORFNLQJ
&LUFXLWJURXSEORFNLQJDFNQRZOHGJHPHQW
&LUFXLWJURXSTXHU\#
&LUFXLWJURXSTXHU\UHVSRQVH#
&LUFXLWJURXSUHVHW
&LUFXLWJURXSUHVHWDFNQRZOHGJHPHQW
&LUFXLWJURXSXQEORFNLQJ
&LUFXLWJURXSXQEORFNLQJDFNQRZOHGJHPHQW
&KDUJHLQIRUPDWLRQ#
&RQIXVLRQ
&RQQHFW
&RQWLQXLW\
&RQWLQXLW\FKHFNUHTXHVW
)DFLOLW\#
)DFLOLW\DFFHSWHG
)DFLOLW\UHMHFW
)RUZDUGWUDQVIHU
,GHQWLILFDWLRQUHTXHVW
,GHQWLILFDWLRQUHVSRQVH
,QIRUPDWLRQ#
,QIRUPDWLRQUHTXHVW#
,QLWLDODGGUHVV
/RRSEDFNDFNQRZOHGJHPHQW
1HWZRUNUHVRXUFHPDQDJHPHQW
2YHUORDG#
3DVVDORQJ#
5HOHDVH
5HOHDVHFRPSOHWH
5HVHWFLUFXLW
5HVXPH
6HJPHQWDWLRQ
6XEVHTXHQWDGGUHVV
42 SS7 Suite
Suspend.
Unblocking.
Unblocking acknowledgement.
Unequipped CIC .
User Part aailable.
User Part test.
User-to-user inormation.
3DUDPHWHUV
Lach parameter has a name which is coded as a single octet. 1he length o a
parameter may be ixed or ariable, and a length indicator or each
parameter may be included.
,683GHFRGH
783
783
I1U-1 recommendation q.23
http:,,www.itu.int,itudoc,itu-t,rec,q,q500-999,q63_2396.html
In 1elephone User Part ,1UP, Signalling System no., 1elephone User
messages are carried on the signalling data link by means o signal units. 1he
signalling inormation o each message constitutes the signalling inormation
ield o the corresponding signal unit and consists o an integral number o
octets. It consists o the label, the heading code and one or more signals
and,or indications. Lach o these is described here.
1he ormat o the label is shown in the ollowing illustration:
bits
DPC 14
OPC 14
CIC 12
783VWDQGDUGODEHOIRUPDW
'3&
Destination point code indicates the signalling point or which the message
is intended.
23&
Originating point code indicates the signalling point which is the source o
the message.
&,&
Circuit identiication code indicates one speech circuit among those directly
interconnecting the destination and the originating points.
1he heading code consists o two parts, heading code H0 and heading code
H1. H0 identiies a speciic message group, while H1 either contains a signal
code or in the case o more complex messages, identiies the ormat o these
messages.
44 SS7 Suite
7&$3
I1U recommendation Q.3
http:,,www.itu.int,itudoc,itu-t,rec,q,q500-999,q3_24880.html
1CAP ,1ransaction Capabilities Application Part, enables the deployment
o adanced intelligent network serices by supporting non-circuit related
inormation exchange between signalling points using the SCCP
connectionless serice. 1CAP messages are contained within the SCCP
portion o an MSU. A 1CAP message is comprised o a transaction portion
and a component portion.
A 1CAP message is structured as a single constructor inormation element
consisting o the ollowing: 1ransaction Portion, which contains
inormation elements used by the 1ransaction sub-layer, a Component
Portion, which contains inormation elements used by the Component sub-
layer related to components, and, optionally, the Dialogue Portion, which
contains the Application Context and user inormation, which are not
components. Lach Component is a constructor inormation element.
Tag Length Contents
Information
Element
Tag
Length
Contents
Tag
Length
Contents
7&$3SDFNHWVWUXFWXUH
,QIRUPDWLRQHOHPHQW
An inormation element is irst interpreted according to its position within
the syntax o the message. Lach inormation element within a 1CAP
message has the same structure. An inormation element consists o three
ields, which always appear in the ollowing order.
7DJ
1he 1ag distinguishes one inormation element rom another and goerns
the interpretation o the Contents. It may be one or more octets in length.
1he 1ag is composed o Class, lorm and 1ag codes.
7&$3
/HQJWK
Speciies the length o the contents ield.
&RQWHQWV
Contains the substance o the element, containing the primary inormation
the element is intended to coney.
7&$33DFNHW7\SHV
1CAP packet types are as ollows:
Unidirectional.
Query with permission.
Query without permission.
Response.
Conersation with permission.
Conersation without permission.
Abort.
4 SS7 Suite
0$3
LIA,1IA-41 http:,,www.tiaonline.org
Mobile Application Part ,MAP, messages sent between mobile switches and
databases to support user authentication, equipment identiication, and
roaming, are carried by 1CAP in mobile networks ,IS-41 and GSM,. \hen
a mobile subscriber roams into a new mobile switching center ,MSC, area,
the integrated isitor location register requests serice proile inormation
rom the subscriber's home location register ,HLR, using MAP inormation
carried within 1CAP messages.
1he packet consists o a header ollowed by up to our inormation
elements. 1he general ormat o the header is shown in the ollowing
illustration. 1he operation speciier ield, when present and length ield are
actually part o the 1CAP message which is aboe MAP.
8 16 bits
Operation specifier Length
Information elements
0$3KHDGHUVWUXFWXUH
2SHUDWLRQVSHFLILHU
Optional ield which speciies the type o packet. 1he ollowing operations
are speciied:
AuthenticationDirectie.
AuthenticationDirectielorward.
AuthenticationlailureReport.
AuthenticationRequest.
AuthenticationStatusReport.
BaseStationChallenge.
Blocking.
BulkDeregistration.
CountRequest.
lacilitiesDirectie.
lacilitiesDirectie2.
lacilitiesRelease.
leatureRequest.
MAP 47
llashRequest.
HandoBack.
HandoBack2.
HandoMeasurementRequest.
HandoMeasurementRequest2.
Hando1o1hird.
Hando1o1hird2.
InormationDirectie.
Inormationlorward.
InterSystemAnswer.
InterSystemPage.
InterSystemPage2.
InterSystemSetup.
LocationRequest.
MobileOnChannel.
MSInactie.
OriginationRequest.
QualiicationDirectie.
QualiicationRequest.
RandomVariableRequest.
RedirectionDirectie.
RedirectionRequest.
RegistrationCancellation.
RegistrationNotiication.
RemoteUserInteractionDirectie.
ResetCircuit.
RoutingRequest.
SMSDelieryBackward.
SMSDelierylorward.
SMSDelieryPoint1oPoint.
SMSNotiication.
SMSRequest.
1ranser1oNumberRequest.
1runk1est.
1runk1estDisconnect.
Unblocking.
48 SS7 Suite
8QUHOLDEOH5RDPHU'DWD'LUHFWLYH
8QVROLFLWHG5HVSRQVH
/HQJWK
7KHOHQJWKRIWKHSDFNHW
,QIRUPDWLRQHOHPHQWV
9DULRXVLQIRUPDWLRQHOHPHQWVZKLFKGHSHQGRQWKHRSHUDWLRQVSHFLILHG