PELTON WHEEL TURBINE TEST RIG

PELTON WHEEL TURBINE TEST RIG

AIM: To determine the output power of Pelton Wheel Turbine. To find out the efficiency of the Turbine. To study the operation of a Pelton Wheel Turbine. THEORY: Turbine: Turbine is defined as the hydraulic machines which converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy is used tin running an electric generator which is directly coupled to the shaft of the turbine. Thus the mechanical energy is converted in to electric energy. Pelton wheel: The Pelton wheel is a tangential flow impulse turbine. The water strikes the bucket along the tangent of the runner. The energy available at the inlet of the turbine is only kinetic energy. The pressure at the inlet and outlet of the turbine is atmosphere. The turbine is used for high head. DESCRIPTION: The actual experimental facility supplied consist of Centrifugal Pump Set, Turbine Unit, Sump Tank, arranged in such a way that the whole unit works as re-circulating water system. The Centrifugal Pump Set supplies the water from Sump Tank to the Turbine through control valve. The loading of the turbine is achieved by rope brake drum connected to spring balance. SPECIFICATION: Pump Motor Nozzle Spring Balance Nozzle Runner dia UTILITIES REQUIRED: 1. Water supply 2. 3 phase supply, 440 volt A 3. Drain 4. Space required: 2.2m x 1 m = CETRIFUGAL 80 X 65 mm = A.C.15 H.P/13.75 KW = 25mm = 10Kg, 50 Kg = 260mm

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE: Starting procedure: Clean the apparatus and make all tanks free from dust. Close the drain valve provided. Fill sump tank with clean water and ensure that no foreign particles are there. Close control valves provided on delivery line. Open By-Pass Clean the apparatus and make All Tanks free from Dust. Close the drain valve provided. Fill sump tank 3/4 with clean water and ensure that no foreign particles are there. Close Control Valves provided on delivery line. Open By-Pass valve. Fill manometer fluid i.e. Hg. in Manometer. Now switch ON the Main Power Supply. Switch ON the Pump with the help of Starter. Open Control valve slowly to avoid the blow of water on manometer fluid. Now open the air release valve provided on the Manometer, slowly to release the air in manometer. When there is no air in the manometer, close the Air release valves. Now open the spear valve to allow the water to turbine's buckets in shape of a jet. Now turbine is in operation. Regulate the discharge by operating control valve, by-pass valve and Spear valve. Load the turbine with the help of hand wheel attached to the Spring Balance. Note the Monometer Reading and Pressure Gauge reading. Note the RPM of the Turbine. Note the Fixed and Adjustable Balance Readings. Repeat the same experiment for different load and different discharge. Closing Procedure: When the experiment is over, first remove load on dynamometer. Full open the -by-pass valve. Close the ball valve provided on manometer. Switch OFF Pump with the help of startor. Switch OFF main power supply. STANDARD DATA: Flow measurement A = Cross-sectional are of Pipe g = Acceleration due to Gravity Pw = Density of water Pm = Density of Manometer fluid i.e. Hg D = Diameter of dynamometer = = = = = = Pitot Tube in 68 mm diameter pipe 0.003629 m2 9.81 m/s2 1000 kg/m3 13550 Kg/m3 0.3 m

FORMULAE: Total Head: H = 10 X P (m of water) P = Pressure gauge reading, kg/cm2 V = Vacuum gauge reading Velocity of water in pipe v = [2gh {( m / w) 1}] w = Density of water = 1000 kg/m3 m = Density of Manometer fluid i.e. CCL4 = 1590 kg/m3 h = Differential pressure of Manometer (m) Q=AXv (m3/s) A = Cross-sectional area of pipe V= Velocity of water in pipe m/s B.H.P (Output) = [2 N (w1 w2) {(Db + DR) / 2}] / 4500 H.P w1 = Fixed spring balance reading (kg) w2 = Adjustable spring balance reading (kg) N = RPM of Runner shaft Db = Diameter of brake drum DR = Diameter of rope H.P Hyd (Input) = w Q H / 75 H.P Discharge w = Density of water Q = Discharge H = Total Head

turbine = (B.H.P / H.P Hyd)x100

OBSERVATION TABLE: S. N. RPM (N) Pr. Gauge Differential reading Pressure 2 P (kg/cm ) H (m) 1 2 3 4 5 CALCULATION TABLE: S.N. Total H Head Velocity v Discharge Q Output BHP Input HPhyd Turbine Efficiency % Fixed spring Adjustable Spring balance reading balance reading w1 (kg) w2 (kg)

1 2 3 4

5 SAMPLE CALCULATION: STANDARD DATA: Pump Motor Spring Balance Nozzle Flow measurement Nozzle Runner dia A = Cross-sectional are of Pipe g = Acceleration due to Gravity Pw = Density of water Pm = Density of Manometer fluid i.e. Hg D = Diameter of dynamometer OBSERVATION TABLE: S. N. RPM (N) 1 2 1684 1100 Pr. Gauge reading P (kg/cm2) 1.0 1.0 Differential Pr. Dead weight H (m) w1 (kg) 0.375 20 0.13 24 Spring balance w2 (kg) 1.5 2.0 = Centrifugal 80 X 65 mm = A.C.15 H.P/13.75 KW = 10Kg, 50 Kg = Pitot Tube in 68 mm diameter pipe =25mm = 260mm = 0.003629 m2 = 9.81 m/s2 = 1000 kg/m3 = 13550 Kg/m3 = 0.3 m

CALCULATION TABLE: S.N. Total H 1684 1100 Head Velocity v 10 10 Discharge Q 0.10830 0.06381 Output Input Turbine Efficiency % 49.70% 65.59%

1 2

14.44 08.50

7.17 5.57

PRECAUTION & MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS: Do not run the pump at low voltage i.e. less than 390 Volts. Never fully close the Delivery line and By-Pass line Valves simultaneously. Always keep apparatus free from dust. To prevent clogging of moving parts, Run Pump at least once in a fortnight. Frequently Grease/Oil the rotating parts, once in three months. Always use clean water. It apparatus will not in use for more than half month, drain the apparatus completely. TROUBLE SHOOTINGS: If pump does not lift the water, the revolution of the motor may be reverse. Change the electric connection of motor to change the revolutions. If panel is not showing input, check the main supply.