Agronomy 112

Problem Set 1
Due Wednesday, 31 July 2013 (in class)
NAME: RENERIO P. GENTALLAN JR.
Student No.: 2011-39346

Signature: ______________________________

The effect on the growth of seedlings of two sources of light (A and B), each at two intensities (low and
high) were compared. The experimenter chose 16 identical seedlings. Four randomly selected seedlings
were grown under each of four treatments: AL (source A at low intensity), AH (source A at high
intensity), BL (source B at low intensity) and BH (source B at high intensity). All management practices
were applied uniformly across the treatments. The heights of the 16 plants were measured after four
weeks. Let AL, AH, BL and BH be the true mean seedling height for the four treatments.
Treatment
AL
AH
BL
BH

30.55
31.23
34.41
35.61

Four-Week Height
32.64
32.37
31.09
30.62
34.88
34.07
35
33.65

32.04
30.42
33.87
32.91

LET:
FACTOR A= SOURCE OF LIGHT (A, B)
FACTOR B= LIGHT INTENSITY (HIGH, LOW)
1.

State the statistical linear model completely and define each term in the context of the experiment.
TWO-FACTOR FACTORIAL IN RANDOM COMPLETE BLOCK DESIGN(RCBD)
STATISTICAL LINEAR MODEL: Yijk=+i+ k+J+ij+ijk
Yijk=observation from plot given kth level of light intensity B and ith type of source of light
=overall mean of seedling height

k=effect of kth level of block

i =effect of source of light
j=effect of jth level of light intensity
jk= effect of interaction of the ith type of source of light and the kth level of light intensity
ijk=random error associated with the whole plot given the ith type of source of light and kth level of light intensity

2. Give the treatment and design structure of the experiment.

LET:
FACTOR A= SOURCE OF LIGHT (A, B)
FACTOR B= LIGHT INTENSITY (HIGH(H), LOW(L))
TWO-FACTOR FACTORIAL IN RANDOM COMPLETE BLOCK DESIGN(RCBD)
LAYOUT:
REPLICATE 1 (block1)

REPLICATE 2 (block2)

REPLICATE 3(block3)

REPLICATE 4(block4)

AH

AL

BH

BL

BL

BH

AL

BH

BL

BH

AH

AL

AL

AH

BH

AL

Replicates/blocks=4
2x2 factorial treatment combination of 2 light sources and 2 light intensities
Treatments: AH= Light source A, High Intensity
AL= Light source A, Low Intensity
BH= Light source B, High Intensity
BL= Light source B, Low Intensity

3. Complete the analysis of variance table manually. Show all computations in the space provided.

Treatment

Treatment
Total(T)
127.6

Four-Week Height

AL

30.55

32.64

32.37

32.04

AH

31.23

31.09

30.62

30.42

BL

34.41

34.88

34.07

33.87

35.61

35

33.65

32.91

130.71

129.24

123.36
137.23
137.17
BH
Rep
total(R)

131.8

133.61

Grand
total(G)

Source of
Variation
Replication
Treatment
Source of light(A)
Light Intensity(B)
AXB

ERROR
TOTAL
*=significant at 5% level

525.36

Df

Sum of Squares

Mean Squares

Fc

3
3
(1)
(1)
(1)

2.54285
36.587251
34.3396
1.155625
1.092025

0.84762
12.19575
34.3396
1.155625
1.092025

1.3493
19.41411*
54.66435*
1.8396
1.73837

9
15

5.6537
44.7838

0.62819

Ftab
5%
3.86
3.86
5.12
5.12
5.12

Computations:
CF= G2/rab= (525.36)2/(4)(2)(2)=17250.19560
Total SS= x2-CF= ((30.55)2+.+(32.91)2)- 17250.19560=44.7838
Replication SS= (R2/ab)-CF= ((131.8)2++(129.24)2)/(2)(2))= (69010.9538/4)- 17250.19560=2.54285
Treatment SS=(T2/r)-CF=((127.6)2++(137.17)2)/(4))= (69147.1314/4)- 17250.19560=36.58725
Error SS=Total SS- Replication SS- Treatment SS =44.7838-2.54285-36.58725=5.6537
Repl. MS= Repl. SS/(r-1)= 2.54285/3=0.84762
Treatment MS=Treatment SS/(ab-1)= 36.58725/3=12.19575
Error MS=Error SS/((r-1)(ab-1))= 5.6537/9=0.62819
F(Treatment)= Treatment MS/ Error MS= 12.19575/0.62819=1.3493
F(Replication)= Repl. MS / Error MS= 0.84762/ 0.62819=19.41411

A SS=(A2/rb)-CF=((250.96)2+(274.4)2)/(4*2))- 17250.19560=34.3396
B SS=(B2/ra)-CF=((264.83)2+(260.53)2)/(4*2))- 17250.19560=1.155625
AXB SS= Treatment SS A SS - B SS=36.58725-34.3396-1.155625=1.092025
AXB MS= AXB SS/(a-1)(b-1) =1.092025/1=1.092025
F(AXB)= AXB MS / Error MS= 1.092025/ 0.62819=1.73837
A MSS= A SS/(a-1)= 34.3396/1= 34.3396
B MS= B SS/(b-1)= 1.155625/1=1.155625
F(A)= A MS / Error MS= 34.3396/0.62819=54.66435
F(B)= B MS / Error MS=1.155625/0.62819=1.8396

a) Do the responses of seedlings to light intensity vary with the source of light?
State the relevant null and alternative hypotheses (in words and symbols). Give the appropriate test
statistic, the decision rule and conclusion.
Ho: AL = AH = BL = BH ; ________________________________________________________
Ha: _________________________________________________________________________
Test Statistic: Fc=__AXB MS__
ERROR MS

Decision Rule: Reject Ho if Fc > Ftab=F(1,9)=5.12

Decision: Since, Fc=1.73837<Ftab=5.12, fail to reject Ho
Conclusion: At 5% level of significance, we have sufficient evidence to say__________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

Construct a graph of the means of the four treatments to support the conclusion obtained.

35
34

FourWeek
Height

33
32
31

AL
=
AH
=
BLBL
=
BH

AH
=
AH
=
BL
=
BH
BH

LOW

HIGH

30

LIGHT
SOURCE
A
B

29

LIGHT INTENSITY

Note: There is a presence of intermediate interaction between the two factors; however, it is not significant.

b) Based on the results of the test in a) , would it be appropriate to test the main effects of light source
and light intensity? Justify.
Yes, because we have sufficient evidence to say that the interaction effect between the two factors, light
source and intensity, is not significant. If interaction effect is not significant, the effect per factor should
be examined.

Answer only if the answer to be is Yes.

c) Do the two sources of light differ in their effects on seedling height?
Ho: A = B ; _________________________________________________________________
Ha: AB; ___________________________________________________________________
Test Statistic: Fc=___A MS___
ERROR MS

Decision Rule: Reject Ho if Fc > Ftab=F(1,9)=5.12

Decision: Since, Fc=54.66435>Ftab=5.12, reject Ho
Conclusion: At 5% level of significance, we have sufficient evidence to say__________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

Do the two light intensities differ with respect to their effects on seedling height?
Ho: H = L;___________________________________________________________________
Ha: H L ; ___________________________________________________________________
Test Statistic: Fc=___B MS___
ERROR MS

Decision Rule: Reject Ho if Fc > Ftab=F(1,9)=5.12

Decision: Since, Fc=1.8396<Ftab=5.12, fail reject Ho
Conclusion: At 5% level of significance, we have sufficient evidence to say__________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

d) Give a measure of reliability of the experiment. Do you think the results of the experiment are reliable?
cv(coefficient of variation)=

=2.414%

Rule of thumb: Lower cv, nearer to the true value and more reliable
Based on the coefficient of variation, since we have a very low coefficient of variation of 2.414%, we can
therefore infer that the experiment is reliable.

e) Give a measure of the adequacy of fit of the statistical linear model. Interpret.
Measure of adequacy of fit=R-square(coefficient of determination)
R-square= Treatment SS/Total SS=36.587251/44.7838=0.816975
Rule of thumb: Higher R-square value, statistical linear model more adequately fit
This only means that 81.6975% of the total variation is contributed by the treatment.
Based on the high R-square(>80%) of 81.6975%, we can infer that the statistical linear model is
adequately fit.