Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

Chao mng cac ban en vi tai lieu hng dan GIAI TCH MACH IEN TREN MAY VI
TNH - THIET KE MACH VA MO PHONG BANG ISIS.

Vi s phat trien nhanh chong trong lnh vc ien ien T th viec lam ra nhng mach
ien t co nhieu tnh nang khac nhau e ap dung cu the trong cuoc song. Cho nen e thc hien thanh cong mot mach ien ma oi hoi co o chnh xac cao trong qua trnh thiet ke, vi s ho tr cua may tnh vi cac phan mem chuyen dung a c khai trien va ap dung rong rai tai cac trng. Co rat nhieu chng trnh ng dung chuyen nganh ien vi ten chung la EDA (Electronic Design Automation T ong thiet ke mach ien t) a va ang c khai trien. Cac chng trnh ng dung cua EDA nh: Electronic Workbend, Engle, ISIS. Trong o th ISIS la chng trnh mi c pho bien, vi nhng u iem cua phan mem so vi cac phan mem khac o la dung lng nho, de cai at, chuyen t mach nguyen ly sang mach in mot cach t ong va mot so tnh nang khac.

Du a co gang rat nhieu, nhng vi thi gian va kien thc co han nen khong the tranh
khoi nhng sai sot trong qua trnh thc hien. Nen mong Thay va ban oc gan xa thong cam va nhom mnh rat mong c s gop y cua thay va ban oc e cho tai lieu ngay mot hoan chnh hn. Qua o nhom em xin chan thanh cam n s giup cua thay TRAN VAN DUNG a hng dan e nhom em thc hien tot cong viec cua mnh.

Nhom sinh vien thc hien To Thanh Li Cao Ngoc To Ho Tr Tn Nguyen Tan Hng : Ve - Mo phong vi ieu khien : Ve - Mo phong so : Ve - Mo phong tng t : Tong quan ve ISIS

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

NHAN XET CUA GIAO VIEN HNG DAN

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

LI GII THIEU... NHAN XET CUA GIAO VIEN HNG DAN...

Trang 1 2

PHAN I: TONG QUAN VE ISIS. 4 BAI 1: Hng dan cai at ISIS. 4 BAI 2: Giao dien cua ISIS.. 9 BAI 3: Tom tat cac nut lenh trong ISIS10 BAI 4: Cac thao tac c ban trong ISIS14 BAI 5: Nhng u iem va khuyet iem cua ISIS23 PHAN II: HNG DAN VE MO PHONG MACH24 CHNG 1: VE MO PHONG MACH TNG T.24 BAI 1: Mach on ap.24 BAI 2: Mach RC.36 CHNG 2: VE MO PHONG MACH SO.42 BAI 1: Mach em.42 BAI 2: Mach en giao thong.51 CHNG 3: VE MO PHONG MACH VI IEU KHIEN.61 BAI 1: Mach chop tat cac LED.61 BAI 2: Mach ieu khien ong c bc quay phai- trai.75 PHU LUC I .80 PHU LUC II 81

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

PHAN I

TONG QUAN VE ISIS

BAI 1 HNG DAN CAI AT

Trc tien ban phai chep file Proteus vao trong may, neu cai t a CD th ban cho a vao, roi vao m file Proteus, sau o ta click double vao e tien hanh cai at. Lu y: chung ta nen tao mot folder mi va at ten la Proteus cho chng trnh sap cai at.

Ban click vao Next e chuan b cai at chng trnh vao may tnh cua ban.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Sau khi kch Next th hp thoi thong bao ve ban quyen xut hin:

Khong con cach nao khac la ban phai click Yes e chap nhan.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Ban click Next e tiep tuc.

Hop thoai nay cho phep ban thay oi ng dan cai at chng trnh. e thay oi ng dan chng trnh ban click vao nut Browse roi chon ng dan en a ch can cai at chng trnh, sau khi chon ng dan xong ban click vao Next e tiep tuc.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Trong hop thoai nay cho ban la chon chng trnh can cai at: Proteus VSM Simulation : Chng trnh mo phong Proteus PCB Design : Chng trnh thiet ke mach in Converter Files : Chng trnh chuyen oi dang file Sau khi chon xong ban click Next e tiep tuc.

Hop thoai nay cho phep ban la chon ten cua chng trnh, theo mac nh th ban khong can chon va click Next e tiep tuc cai at.

en ay ban click Finish e ket thuc qua trnh cai at.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Tuy nhien, e s dung het tnh nang cua chng trnh ban can phai tien hanh Crack (be khoa). e Crack chng trnh ban double click vao bieu tng cua ISIS) , xuat hien hop thoai sau: (trong th muc goc

Trong hop thoai nay ban vao Parcourir, roi ch ng dan en a ch a cai luc trc.

Sau o ban click Installer e hoan thanh qua trnh cai at. -8-

Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

BAI 2

GIAO DIEN CUA ISIS

e co giao dien cua ISIS th trc tien ban phai khi ong ISIS. Cung giong nh cac chng trnh khac, e khi ong ISIS ta vao: Start / Programs / Proteus 6 Professional / ISIS. Sau khi khi ong th ta co giao dien cua ISIS nh sau:

Thanh menu

Cac thanh cong cu ve mach

Vung hien hnh dang linh kien a chon

Vung ve mach

Danh sach cac linh kien a chon

Cac nut ieu khien mo phong

Thanh trang thai

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh BAI 3 TOM TAT CAC THANH PHAN TRONG ISIS

1. Cac nut lenh trong ISIS. ISIS cung cap cho chung nhieu nut lenh hu ch, tien li khi ve mach, sau ay toi sin trnh bay mot so nut thng dung trong khi ve mach. : Create a new design M ban thiet ke mi. : Load a new design M ban thiet a co. : save current design Lu ban thiet ke . : Enable/disable grid dot display - Cho phep hien hay an li iem. : Re centre the display around cursor position - Di chuyen man hnh quan sat. : Increase magnification - Phong to man hnh lam viec. : Decrease magnification Thu nho man hnh lam viec. :view entire sheet - Xem toan bo trang hien hanh. :view selected erea Xem vung c chon. :Undo last operation - Lap lai thao tac a s dung. :Redo the last undone operation - Lap lai thao tac a s dung lenh Undo. : Copy tagged objects - Copy oi tng a chon. : Move tagged objects - Di chuyen oi tng a chon. : Delete all tagged objects - Xoa tat ca cac oi tng a chon. : Pick or update device / symbol Tm linh kien . :Form tagged grahics/pads into devideand place in library-Tao linh kien mi. :Lauch the visual packaging tool - Hien package cua linh kien c chon. :Break tagged object into primitives - Chia nho linh kien thanh nhng phan tho.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh :Enable/ Disable real-time snap - Chon/ bo chon Real-Time Snap : Enable/ Disable wire auto-router - Ve day ung li iem : search and tag compoments with macheds property values - Tm linh kien vi gia tr va thuoc tnh co san. :General property management tool - at chu thch cho nhieu linh kien PAT : Create a new root sheet Tao trang ve mi : Remove current sheet Xoa trang ve hien hanh : Goto specfic root or hierarchical sheet Nhay ti trang ve ban chon. :Leave current sheet and return to parent - Ri trang phu va tr ve trang chnh. :Generate electrical ruler chek report - Kiem tra loi mach ien. :Component - Lay linh kien , thiet b. : Junction dot - iem noi : Wire label / ate at ten day. : Text script - Kiem tra ban ve. : Bus - Ve bus. : Sub-circuit Tao mach ph. : Instant edid mode Chon linh kien e thay oi thuoc tnh. : Inter-sheet terminal - Lay nguon , noi at , vao , ra. : Device pin - linh kin. : Simulation graph - o th mo phong. : Generator - Cac dang tao song . : Voltage probe - Dung cu o ien ap.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh : Current probe - Dung cu o dong ien. : Virtual instruments - Cac dang ong ho o. : Markers for component origin , etc Noi day. : Pick devices M th vien linh kien. : Manage libraries Quan ly th vien. : Set rotation Xoay trai. : Set rotation Xoay phai. : Horizontal reflection ao theo chieu ngang. : Vertical reflection ao theo chieu ng.

2.Cac nut thc hien mo phong :

: Thc hien mo phong. : Mo phong trong 0,05 s roi ngng. : Tam ngng mo phong. : Ngng chay mo phong. 3. Cac thanh trang thai : Gom co hai thanh sau: - Thanh th 1: Ch chc nang cac nut lenh tren thanh cong cu.

Thanh th 2 : Ch toa o (v tr) cua con tro tren man hnh .

4. Vung lam viec: La ni e ve va at linh kien, khung mau xanh dng la ng bien cua trang hien hanh.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

- Vung lam viec nay cha at li iem. e at linh kien va noi day de dang hn ta nen
at li iem. e at li iem ta co cac cach nh sau : Vao menu view chon Gird (hay dung phm tat la G)

Hoac nhap chuot trai vao nut tren thanh cong cu. Sau khi thc hien mot trong hai thao tac tren th man hnh lam viec co dang.

Chung ta co the thay oi khoang cach gia cac iem li bang cach vao menu view chon mot trong bon thong so nh hnh ( co the dung cac phm tat tng ng):

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

BAI 4

CAC THAO TAC C BAN TRONG ISIS

1. Lay linh kien (se c hng dan trong cac bai tap v du di ay) 2. Noi day cac thao tac vi day * Noi day:
- Nhap nut lenh e ISIS t ong ve day theo cac ng li.

- Nhap e at iem giao nhau gia cac ng day. - Nhap chuot trai vao chan linh kien nhap trai tiep vao ni can noi ..

* Cac thao tac vi day : a ) Di chuyen day : Neu cac ng noi day trung nhau ta co the keo day ra v tr khac bang
cach nhap phai vao oan day cho no hien len mau o ( nen chon nut lenh day ) sau o nhap trai , gi, keo en ni mong muon. e de bat

b ) at ten day : Nhap nut lenh

Wire Label hien ra. Chon the Label

roi nhap vao oan day can at ten . Hop thoai Edit

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Trong khung String go ten day. Rotate : Chon chieu ten day nam tren day. + Horizontal : Ten nam doc theo day. +Vertical : Ten nam vuong goc vi day. Justify : Chon v tr cho ten day so vi day (Left : trai,Centre : gia,Right : phai, Top : tren , Middle: gia,Bottom : di ) - Neu day a co ten san c ) Chnh sa day : Cung tng t nh at ten nhng ta chon the Style

+ Bo cac dau chon Follow Global. Font face : font ten day Height : o day cua day. Bold : ch am. Italic : ch nghieng. Underline : ch gach chan. Colour : mau cua day tren ban ve . Sample : hien th cac thuoc tnh va chon tren.

d )Xoa day : Nhap phai hai lan vao oan day can xoa.
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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

3. Bus cac thao tac vi Bus

Cac thao tac ve Bus cung giong nh vi day, ay toi ch trnh bay ve cach at ten Bus va cach noi Bus vi chan linh kien.

a) at ten Bus :

+ Nhap nut lenh roi nhap vao oan day can at ten. Hop thoai Edit Wire Label hien ra . + Trong o String go ten cua Bus ten [ch so tren ..ch so di ] Ket noi Bus :

+ Ket noi theo qui luat c ban

Neu co 2 Bus D[0..3] noi vi X[4..7] th cac ng co ch so tng ng se noi vi nhau . Tc la D0- X4, D1- X5 , D2-X6, D3- X7.

+ Dung nhan Bus thay oi qui luat ket noi

Theo qui luat ket noi c ban Q0- D0, Q1- D1Q7- D7 nhng cac ngo ra Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3 nhap vao Bus co ten X [4..7] ; Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7nhap vao Bus ten X [0..3]sau o noi vi D[0..7] th Q0- X4-D4Q4-X0-D0

+ Phan chia 1 Bus ln

Ngo ra Q gom 8 ng nhap vao Bus X[0..7] sau o chia lam 2 ng Bus X[0..3] va X[4..7] noi vi 4 ngo vao .Neu t X[0..7] noi vi 8 ngo vao th chng trnh se khong hieu nhng khi chia ra nh tren th cac ng se noi nh sau: Q0 X0 D0, Q4 X4 D0

4.
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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

5. Tao linh kien mi

e tao linh kien mi ta qua cac bc nh sau:

a. Tao hnh dang linh kien:

- Dung cac cong cu ve 2D , cac chc nang xoay, soi gng tao hnh dang , chan linh kien .

b. at cac ien cc vao chan linh kien:

- Nhap nut lenh

, khi o vung chon linh kien tr thanh

. Ta chon

DEFAULT, sau o nhap at len ban ve . - Nhap chon roi dung chc nang xoay, lat e no cung chieu vi chan linh kien ta a ve tren . Sau o, di chuyen ien cc trung vi chan linh kien .

c. at thuoc tnh cho cac chan :

- Chon nut lenh roi nhap vao ien cc hay co the nhap phai roi nhap trai len ien cc , khi o hop thoai Edit Pin hien ra :

Pin Name: at ten cho chan linh kien . Default Pin Number : anh so th t cua chan. Electrical Type : Xac nh chc nang cua chan. PS - Passive device terminals. - 17 -

Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh IP ngo vao OP ngo ra IO chan d lieu cua vi x l hoac RAM TS ngo ra cua ROM PU cc phat ( E) / cc nguon (S) PD cc thu (C) / cc mang (D) PP chan cung cap nguon / mass

d. Tao va nhap linh kien vao th vien :

- Gi, keo chuot phai tao 1 khung mau xanh bao quanh linh kien va tao - Nhap chon nut lenh hoac vao menu Library / Make Devices

Hop thoai Make Devices hien ra nh ben di.

Nhap ten linh kien vao o Devices Name, nhap Next. - 18 -

Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Tai ay co the nhap Package cho linh kien ta co the bo qua. Tiep tuc nhap Next.

Nhap ten linh kien trong o Name, ien thong tin mo ta linh kien vao Description va at gia tr mac nh cho linh kien trong o Default Value. Nhap Next .

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh ien thong tin linh kien vao DataSheet. Nhap Next.

- Chon th vien e at linhkien vao . Nhap OK. b ) Tao linh kien mi t nhng linh kien co san : 1. Chon linh kien va at len ban ve. 2. Gi va keo chuot phai tao 1 khung xanh quanh linh kien . Sau o vao menu Library/ Make Devices hoac nhap chon nut lenh . Hop thoai Make Device xuat hien.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Nhap Next, chon Add/Edit

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Tai ay ta co the - them chan cho linh kien bang cach go ten chan vao o NC Pins roi nhap vao Add Pin . - chon chan linh kien roi nhap vao Remove Pin e bo chan. - Nhap vao thong tin trong Swapable Pins e them (Adds) , bo (Remove), thay the(Replace). Nhap Assign Packages, nhap Next 3 lan roi OK.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

BAI 5

NHNG U KHUYET IEM CUA ISIS

I. u iem: - Cac phan mem mo phong thng b gii han bi linh kien. Trong khi o th ISIS mo phong c rat nhieu linh kien, ke ca cac IC lap trnh c nh vi ieu khien. ay la u iem noi bat nhat cua ISIS. - Hnh anh mo phong sinh ong. - Nhng thanh cong cu co the nh v bat k canh nao cua ca so ng dung, trong khi tong quan oi tng ngi ve co the keo ti trai hoac phai theo nhng canh. - Tat ca cac bieu tng eu ro rang va giup cho ngi lam de dang hn. - Mo phong c nhieu loai mach khac nhau. - Co the thay oi c mau nen e phu hp trong cac trng hp khac nhau. II. Khuyet iem: - Mot so linh kien la cac vi mach tch hp cac cong logic neu dung ung IC o e mo phong th no se bao loi. - Dien tch thiet ke cha thoa vi cac mach oi hoi nhieu linh kien .

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

PHAN II

HNG DAN VE MO PHONG MACH

CHNG 1 BAI 1

VE MO PHONG MACH TNG T

MACH ON AP

Trong phan nay se trnh bay cach mo phong mot mach on ap dung 2 Transistor NPN, co s o nguyen ly nh sau:

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh e khi ong chng trnh ISIS, chon Start\Program\Protues 6 Professional\ISIS 6 Professional

Man hnh ISIS xuat hien ,chon File > New Design e vao trang lam viec mi.

Trang lam viec mi cua ISIS xuat hien,chon Templace > Set Design Defaults e chon mau nen (neu ban muon).

Hop thoai Edit Design Defaults xuat hien, oi mau trang thanh mau en trong o Paper Colour va oi mau en thanh mau trang trong o Grid Dot Colour.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

Chon xong nhap OK e lay linh kien nhap vao ch P Ca so Picks Devices xuat hien, di chuyen chuot trong khung pha tren e tm th vien, tng ng vi mot th vien pha tren co hang loat cac linh kien nam trong nhom o pha di.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh e lay ien tr, chon th vien DEVICE trong phan pha tren cua ca so Picks Devices.

Khi o pha di se xuat hien rat nhieu cac linh kien, di chuyen chuot ti linh kien RES.

Khi o pha ben phai se xuat hien hnh dang va chan cua ien tr, nhap up vao o th linh kien se xuat hien ben di ca so DEVICES. - 27 -

Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Lam tng t oi vi viec lay nguon Battery nh sau:

Muon lay Transistor, trong ca so Picks Devices chon nhom linh kien Bipolar, ay la nhom cac linh kien transistor lng cc, chon mot transistor NPN, pha ben phai tase thay k hieu va cac chan cua transistor loai NPN.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh e lay bien tr RV, chon th vien Active, pha di chon POT-LIN.

e lay Diode Zener,vao th vien Diode va chon Diode nao co k hieu la diode zener hien ben phai khung.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Tren ay la cach lay cac linh kien trong mach, gia s khong biet linh kien o nam trong th vien nao th co the tm bang cach vao Library > Pick Device\ Symbol hoac nhan phm P hay nhap vao bieu tng tren thanh cong cu. Ca so tm kiem se hien ra:

Nhap ten linh kien can tm vao khung Name or Text to search for, v du can tm bien tr VR ta se go POT -LIN vao. Trong khung Matches se hien ra th vien cha POT-LIN la Active.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh e at linh kien len ban ve ta chon ten linh kien roi nhap trai chuot vao khoang trong tren mach, lam nh the cho en het linh kien. e xoa linh kien ta nhap phai vao linh kien sau o nhap phai mot lan na. e xoay linh kien ta nhap phai vao linh kien roi nhap vao bieu tng . Sau o sap xep cac linh kien nh sau:

e noi day ta a chuot en au moi linh kien th thay mot dau x nhap vao o sau o keo en au linh kien kia roi nhap chuot. Lam nh vay en khi mach c noi nh sau:

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh e lay ong ho o dien ap nhap vao bieu tng ra rat nhieu loai ong ho, chon DC Voltmeter. tren thanh cong cu, pha ben trai se hien

Sau o nhap vao v tr trong mach va noi nh s o. Ta co mach nh sau:

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh e lay ong ho o dong ien loai milli ampe, ta kch vao bieu tng Ammeter roi chon DC

Sau o nhap phai vao ong ho roi nhap trai vao no e chon loai ong ho la mili ampe hay la ampe nh mac nh.

Sau o nhap OK roi noi day nh hnh ve en ay, ta co s o mach hoan chnh nh sau:

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

Sau o nhap vao nut pha di chng trnh mo phong se chay va cac ong ho se o ien ap va dong ien tren tai . e thay oi thong so cua linh kien, nhap phai chuot vao linh kien sau o nhap trai vao no, bang thong so se hien ra. Gia s thay oi ien tr R.

Thay oi gia tr ien tr trong khung Component Value, nhap OK Khi mo phong ta thay oi bien tr RV2 th ien ap ra tren tai se thay oi, ta se co c nhng ien ap ra khac nhau. La mach on ap nen khi thay oi dong qua tai th ien ap ra se on - 34 -

Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh nh . ay chu yeu chung ta mo phong e thay c cac tnh nang cua ISIS ch khong chu trong vao cac mach thc te, v the mach on ap nay t thay trong thc te, no ch mang tnh ly thuyet thuan tuy.Dong ra cua mach nay rat nho c vai tram miliampe, trong thc te th ngi ta se thiet ke mot mach on ap c vai ampe. V du khi ta thay oi dong ra bang cach thay oi bien tr RV2 t 1.4mA en 13.9mA th ap tren tai khong oi la 14V.

Cung tng t vay, khi thay oi ien ap ngo vao trong mot gii han nao o th mach se on ap, con ngoai gii han o mach se khong con on ap na. Khi ta ngan mach ngo ra th dong qua tai se rat ln (212mA) va ap tren tai rat nho (2.12V)

Nh vay cac ban a hoan thanh cong viec ve va mo phong mach tng t.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

BAI 2:

MACH LOC RC

Phan nay se trnh bay cach ve mach loc va mo phong dang song ngo vao va ngo ra cua mach co s o nh sau:

e khi ong chng trnh ISIS, chon Start\Program\Protues 6 Professional\ISIS 6 Professional Man hnh ISIS xuat hien ,chon File > New Design e vao trang lam viec mi. Cach lay linh kien cung nh bai trc, lay ien tr va tu ien trong Devices e lay noi at cho tu C1, nhap vao bieu tng noi mach nh hnh ve: (Terminal), sau o chon Ground va

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh a song sin ngo vao bang cach nhap vao bieu tng Sine va noi vao linh kien R1. e lay ngo ra, ta nhap vao bieu tng (generator), sau o chon

, sau o noi vao tu C1 nh hnh ve:

e ve o th dang song ngo vao va ngo ra, nhap vao bieu tng va chon Analogue roi ve vao khoang trong ben canh mach. e ve dang song ngo vao, chon Graph\Add Trace (hay nhap Ctrl A) se hien ra hop thoai:

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Kch vao Probe P1, chon R1

Sau o vao Graph\Simulate Graph ISIS se t ong ve dang song ngo vao nh sau:

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Lam tng t oi vi viec ve dang song ngo ra tai tu C1, o th se c ve tren cung mot o th

Khi thay oi bien o, tan so cua song ngo vao hay gia tr cua ien tr va tu ien, ta se co dang song ngo ra khac nhau. Khi oi dang song sin ngo vao bang song vuong ta se thay ro qua trnh nap xa cua tu ien .Cung tng t nh tren nhap vao bieu tng trong ben canh mach. va chon Analogue roi ve vao khoang

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

e ve dang song ngo vao, chon Graph\Add Trace (hay nhap Ctrl A) se hien ra hop thoai:

Kch vao Probe P1,chon R1. Sau o lam tng t cho C2. Chon Graph\Simulate Graph ISIS se t ong ve dang song ngo vao va ngo ra co dang nh sau:

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Thay oi gia tr tu C va R se thay tu nap xa khac nhau V du thay tu t 10000nF thanh 1000nF th dang nap xa cua tu se la:

Va e ve ap ng tan so cua mach, ta chon Frequency roi ve mot o vuong ben canh mach. Sau o lam tng t nh tren ta cung co o th nh sau:

Nhn vao o th ta cung co the thay tan so cat cua mach la 16 Hz, ung nh tnh toan trong ly thuyet. - 41 -

Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

CHNG 2 BAI 1:

VE MO PHONG MACH SO
MACH EM

I. Gii thieu ve IC 4017 -IC 4017 la mot loai IC em vong bo mi vi cac ngo ra t ( 00 09) dung e hien th en ben canh o la bang s that c dung e the hien nguyen tac hoat ong cua IC theo cac hnh ben di e ket noi theo o e IC co the hoat ong bnh thng .

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

Da vao bang s that ta thay co hai trang thai khi ket noi theo o th IC co the hoat ong bnh thng. II. Ve mach em e thc hien s o cua IC co dang nh ben di ta tieng hanh nh sau :

Bc 1: Khi ong chng trnh ISIS bang cach vao <START/ALL PROGRAMS /
PROTEUS 6 PROFESSIONAL / SIS 6 PROFESSIONAL>.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

Sau o ca so man hnh thiet ke cua chng trnh xuat hien vi ay u cac menu, thanh cong cu ho tr cho viec thiet ke & chay mo phong mach ien nh sau.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

Bc 2 : Chon lay linh kien can thiet bang cach nhan vao k hieu ch < P > ngay goc trai man
hnh, th ca so cha linh kien cua chng trnh m ra.

Cach khac : Chung ta co the thc hien mot cach nhanh bang cach nhan phm < P >
tren ban phm e lay linh kien vi chc nang co san trong chng trnh . Khi o man hnh xuat hien hop thoai < pick/Replace library part > , th muc < name or text to search for > th anh ten linh kien muon tm vao. Chu y oi vi linh kien co nhieu thong so khac nhau th sau no phai co dau < * > .V DU : muom tm ien tr th go < RES * > , tu ien th go < CAP* >

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh e lay IC 4017 th vao muc CMOS > 4017 va click up len no.

e th ngo ra cua IC th co the dung LED n, nhng e n gian cho viec mo phong th s dung que em 0 hoac 1 bang cach vao ACTIVE > LOGICPROBE (BIG) va click up len no

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Khi o goc trai cua man hnh cua chng trnh hien ra cac linh kien a c chon co dang nh sau:

BC 3: Khi o e lay linh kien ra th ta nhap trai chuot vao khung cha linh kien va nhap ra ngoai khung e c linh kien nh y muon roi tien hanh sap xep, trong qua trnh sap co nhng linh kien quay chieu khong theo y muon, th ta tieng hanh xoay bang cach nhap chuot phai len linh kien sau o dung nut xoay trai, xoay phai, quay len ,quay xuong goc trai man hnh sao cho phu hp e ket noi nh hnh ben di.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

Bc 4 : Thc hien cong oan noi day cho mach, chung ta click vao ca so co bieu
tng si day tren thanh cong cu va nhap vao linh kien ket noi bnh thng nh cac chng trnh mo phong khac e c s o mach nh ben di.

Bc 5 : Lay chan nguon va chan mass cho IC th nhan vao c a so < Inter sheet
terminal > tren thanh cong cu th ben trai xuat hien linh kien ta nhap vao o e lay chan nguon va mass.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

Bc 6 : lay nguon xung e cung cap cho IC bang cach tao nguon xung bang IC 555. Nhng e
thuan tien th lay nguon xung co san e cap, bang cach nhan vao ca so < Generator / dclock > tren thanh cong cu hoac vao < Active / pulse or clock > .

Khi o chung ta a co mot s o hoan chnh va click vao nut < PLAY > goc cuoi man hnh e cho mach hoat ong .

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

Nhng trong qua trnh s dung oi khi cung can phai dng lai mot trang thai nao o roi tr lai v tr ban au ma khong e cho IC em het 10 trang thai cua no. Th khi o chan 15 cua IC co tac dung e thc hien ieu o. Ga s muon IC em ti que hien th th t th dng va quay tr lai trang thai ban au th noi chan 05 vi chan 15 khi o mach co dang nh hnh ben di .

Qua khao sat ta co the thay c trang thai em cua IC la em vong ma mot lan em ch co mot ngo ra sang tng ng vi mc 1. Do o co the thc hien them cac mach ng dung khac sdung IC 4017. Cu the la lam en giao thong vi trang thai em cua cac en XANH, VANG, O c quy nh bi cac cong OR c the hien ben di hoac mach ieu khien ong c.v.v.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh BAI 2:

MACH EN GIAO THONG

e mo phong en giao thong co s o nh sau th tien hanh cac bc nh sau:

Bc 1: Khi ong chng trnh ISIS bang cach vao START>ALL PROGRAMS>
PROTEUS 6 PROFESSIONAL>ISIS 6 PROFESSIONAL.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Sau o ca so man hnh thiet ke cua chng trnh xuat hien vi ay u cac menu, thanh cong cu ho tr cho viec thiet ke & chay mo phong mach ien nh sau.

au tien e lay en hien th vao muc ACTIVE > TRAFFIC LIGHTS hoac chon tng loai LED rieng re trong muc nay va click up len no.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh e lay IC 4017 th vao muc CMOS / 4017 va click up len no.

e lay cong OR 2 ngo vao th vao muc DSIMMDLS / OR-2 va click up len no.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Sau khi thc hien song viec lay linh kien th tren khung cua chng trnh hien th toan bo linh kien a c chon .

Bc 3 : Nhap vao phan linh kien nam goc trai va click ra man hnh e c nhng linh kien
can thiet nh hnh ben d.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Sau khi lay het linh kien ra, nhng no cha c nh mong muon. Do o chung ta phai sap xep lai e lam sao cho de ket noi nhat bang cach click phai chuot vao linh kien roi kch vao bieu tng xoay trai, xoay phai, dch trai, dch phai cuoi goc trai man hnh e co c hng nh mong muon, roi gi chuot trai hoac click vao cua so < Move Tagged Objects > tren thanh cong cu e di chuyen oi tng en ni can at.

Bc 4 : Thc hien cong oan noi day cho mach, chung ta click vao ca so co bieu tng si
day tren thanh cong cu va nhap vao linh kien ket noi bnh thng nh cac chng trnh mo phong khac e c s o mach nh ben di.

Bc 5 : Lay chan nguon va chan mass cho IC th nhan vao c a so < Inter sheet terminal >
tren thanh cong cu th ben trai xuat hien linh kien ta nhap vao o e lay chan nguon va mass.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

Bc 6 : lay nguon xung e cung cap cho IC bang cach tao nguon xung bang IC 555. Nhng e
thuan tien th lay nguon xung co san e cap. bang cach nhan vao ca so < Generator / dclock > tren thanh cong cu hoac vao < Active / pulse or clock >.

Khi o chung ta a co mot s o hoan chnh va click vao nut < PLAY > goc cuoi man hnh e cho mach hoat ong.

CHU Y : oi vi mach en giao thong nay s dung nhieu cong OR. Do o e cho mach hoat ong th nen s dung k hieu cong OR c thc hien trong bai ch khong nen s dung k hieu IC c tch hp bi cac cong OR bi v mot so IC tch hp sau khi ket noi song cho mach hoat ong th se bao loi do thieu chan nguon va GND la loi cua chng trnh .

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Qua o e xem dang xung cua mach ngo vao & ra th co the click vao menu dang hnh song tren thanh menu, khi o man hnh xuat hien nh sau:

Khi o chon vao muc DIGITAL e o dang song ngo ra &vao.

Sau o tr lai man hnh giao dien chnh tren vung trong th keo le chuot trai th vach nen mot khung hnh e hien th dang song can xem, e thuan tien cho viec theo doi th ta oi mau nen cho khung hnh cua o th th tren thanh menu chon < Template / Set Graph Defaults > th Graph Colour Configuration xuat hien.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

Khi o trong phan Background chon sang mau trang roi nhap OK

Tiep theo lay que o th click vao iem can o nh hnh ben di.

tren thanh cong cu e lay, va gan tng ng vi nhng

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh e ve dang song ngo vao & ra, chon < Graph / Add Trace > hay nhap vao hang ch DIGITAL ANALYSIS nam trong o mau xanh khi o khung hnh hien ra roi ta click vao menu co hnh , ban cung co the nhan phm tat Ctrl A se hien ra hop thoai:

Kch vao Probe P1, chon U1 la ng vi xung CLOCK ngo vao.

Tng t nh vay ta thc hien vi cac que o con lai theo th t nh mach a ve, th c hnh nh ben di.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

e ve dang song len o th th tren thanh menu chon < Graph / Simulate Graph > e cho chng trnh t ong ve dang song cua cac ngo can o nh hnh ben di tng ng vi thi gian hoat ong cua moi en la mc cao.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

CHNG 3
BAI 1

VE MO PHONG MACH VI IEU KHIEN

MACH CHOP TAT CAC LED

e thc hien c bai nay th cac ban can phai co mot t khien thc ve vi ieu khien, chang han nh: cach ket net phan cng va cach viet chng trnh (phan mem) cho vi ieu khien. Bai nay se hng dan cac ban ve mach nguyen ly va cach mo phong mach chop tat cac LED thong qua Port 2 cua vi ieu khien, co s o mach cu the nh sau:

Cung nh cac bai trc, e ve mach th ban phai khi ong chng trnh bang cach: Vao Start / Programs / Proteus 6 Profeeional / ISIS 6 Professional nh sau:

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Tren man hnh, ca so ISIS xuat hien, ban nen lu va at ten cho mach ien trc khi ban ve.

Sau o ta tien hanh cac bc ve mach nh sau: Ta click vao ch P goc trai man hnh nh hnh di e m th vien linh kien.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Th vien linh kien xuat hien, va ta tien hanh lay IC AT89C52 trong muc MICRO. Chu y: IC AT89C52 khong co Bus, neu ban chon AT89C52.BUS th co Bus.

Tiep theo, ta lay Thach Anh trong muc: DEVICE / CRYSTAL

- 63 -

Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Trong muc DEVICE, ban chon luon ien tr n co ten la RES.

Cung trong muc DEVICE, ban lay cac ien tr thanh han dong cho LED, sau o ban chon ien tr thanh 9 chan co ten RESPSCK 8 nh hnh di.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh e lay en LED, ta vao muc: ACTIVE roi ban chon LED-YELLOW (ban co the chon LED mau khac).

Trong muc ACTIVE, ban chon luon nut nhan BUTTON.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Tiep theo ban lay tu co cc tnh10uF co ten GENELECT10U16V trong muc CAPACITORS

Cung trong muc CAPACITORS, ban chon tu khong phan cc co gia tr 33pF co ten CERAMIC33P.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Tiep theo ban lay IC em co ten 74LS245 trong muc 74LS.

Sau o ban a het linh kien can thiet (1 IC AT89C52, 1 CRYSTAL, 1 RES, 1 BUTTON, 1 RESPACK-8, 8 LED, 1 GENELECT10U16V, 2 CERAMIC33P, 1 IC 74LS245) ra vung ve mach.

Sau o ban tien hanh sap xep va ket noi linh kien theo s o mach.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Chu y: - e di chuyen linh kien, ban chon nut roi kch chuoc phai len linh kien, khi linh kien chuyen sang mau o th ban kch va gi chuoc trai trong qua trnh di chuyen linh kien. - e xoay linh kien, ban chon linh muon xoay (bang cach kch chuoc phai vao no), roi kch chuoc trai vao nut nao ma chon nut cho phu hp. - e noi day ban kch vao nut nh sau: tren thanh cong cu, tuy theo ban muon xoay theo chieu tren thanh cong cu, sau khi noi xong, ban co c s o

e lay Mass , ban vao: Inter-sheet Terminal, roi chon GROUND

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Sau khi lay mass, ban lay luon nguon cung cap +5V co ten la POWER.

Sau o ban tien hanh noi mach, ban co mach hoan chnh nh sau:

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh e nh ngha cac chan noi VCC va GND cho IC AL89C52, ban m hop thoai Edit Component bang cach chon roi kch chuot trai len IC AL89C52.

Sau o ban click vao Power Pins e nh ngha chan noi VCC va GND nh hnh ve.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Hop thoai Power Pins xuat hien, trong hop thoai nay ban nh ngha chan noi VCC va GND, bang cach go so chan can noi tng ng vao trong 2 o VCC va GND, roi click OK Chu y: - Theo mac nh th chan 20 noi GND va chan 40 noi VCC. - Cac chan cach nhau bi dau phay ,.

Ban lam tng t oi vi IC em 74LS245. Chu y: oi vi IC em 74LS245 ta co chan so 10 noi GND va chan so 20 noi VCC theo mac nh. Tiep theo ta chon tan so dao ong cho Thach Anh bang cach chon Thach Anh, ta se thay hop thoai Edit Component xuat hien nh sau: roi kch chuot trai len

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Trong khung Frequency ban chon tan so dao ong cho Thach Anh, oi vi mach nay th Thach Anh dao ong vi tan so 12MHz. Sau khi chon xong ban kch OK.

Tiep theo, ban oi gia tr ien tr n bang cach m hop thoai Edit Component.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Trong khung Resistance, ban chon lai gia tr 6.8k roi kch OK nh sau:

en ay la cong viec ve mach cua ban a hoan thanh. Bc ke tiep la ban nap chng trnh can mo phong cho vi ieu khien. e nap chng trnh mo phong cho vi ieu khien, ban m hop thoai Edit Component, trong hop thoai Edit Component, ban m Program File.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh Hop thoai Select File Name xuat hien, va ban chon File cua chng trnh can mo phong roi kch Open.

Trong bai tap nay ban chon Chop tat cac LED o Port 2, roi kch OK Chu y: chng trnh Chop tat cac LED o Port 2 phuc luc I

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

Chu y: - File mo phong phai co phan m rong la: .HEX, .MOF hay .D03 - Trong qua trnh mo phong, ban nen thay oi thi gian delay trong chng trnh phan mem e xem th khoang thi gian sang - tat cac LED co ung vi thc te khong. Va bay gi ban a hoan thanh cong viec ve mach mo phong cac LED n gian bang vi ieu khien, t nen tang nay ban co the ve cac mach mo phong phc tap hn.

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh BAI 2

MACH IEU KHIEN ONG C BC QUAY PHAI TRAI

Trong phan nay se hng dan cac ban ve mach ieu khien ong c bc quay phai quay trai, s o mach co dang nh sau:

Hoat ong cua mach nh sau: - Khi nhan nut QUAY PHAI th ong c quay theo chieu t TRAI sang PHAI (quay thuan). - Khi nhan nut QUAY TRAI th ong c quay theo chieu t PHAI sang TRAI (quay ngc). - Khi khong co nut nao c nhan th ong c khong quay. Ve mach: Mach nay gan giong nh mach a ve Bai 1, do o cach lay cac linh kien hoan toan tng t nh Bai 1, ay con co them ong c bc. e lay ong c bc, ban vao muc ACTIVE

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Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

Sau o ban chon MOTOR-STEPPER

en ay ban a lay u cac linh kien can thiet cho viec ve mach, va ban tien hanh ve mach theo s o mach tren. Sau khi ve xong mach, ban tien hanh nap chng trnh cho vi ieu khien. e nap chng trnh cho vi ieu khien ban click phai chuot len vi ieu khien (chuyen sang mau o) roi ban click chuoc trai, sau khi click chuoc trai th xuat hien hop thoai:

- 77 -

Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

Ban chon ng dan en chng trnh can nap trong khung Program File, trong bai nay ban chon File co ten la Dieu khien dong co buoc quay phai - trai. Chu y: chng trnh Dieu khien dong co buoc quay phai - trai phuc luc II

- 78 -

Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

Trong qua trnh mo phong, ban nen thay oi thi gian delay trong chng trnh phan mem e xem th toc o quay cua ong c co ung vi thc te khong. Cong viec en ay a hoan thanh.

Chuc cac ban thanh cong!

- 79 -

Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh

PHU LUC I Chng trnh chop tat cac LED Port 2 nh sau:

- 80 -

Giai Tch Mach Tren May Vi Tnh PHU LUC II

Chng ieu khien ong c bc quay phai trai nh sau:

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