Wireless Communications Using RATs

HDTV Over-the-Air High Definition TV W-LAN Local Area Networking Personal Mobile Telephone

Not your average radio.

HDTV, W-LAN and Mobile Telephony are all a form of Radio Access Technology (RAT) Radio communications was invented in the late 1800s by Marconi and Tesla Radio is wave energy that is transmitted & received through the air at frequencies that are not visible or audible by humans
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Wireless, but how mobile?

Technology Mobility Reasons OTA HDTV W-LAN Mobile Telephone Very Low Low High
Display bulk, high power needs for large coverage, one way direct broadcast Small coverage area (<100 m), interference, no handoff/hopping Extendable coverage, handoffs, low power usage of handsets
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HDTV Overview
HDTV is a form of Digital TV (DTV) HDTV displays up to 1080 lines at an aspect ratio of 16:9 (width:height) DTV below 720 lines is either Enhanced (EDTV) or Standard (SDTV) at an aspect ratio of 4:3 An HDTV receiver and a high definition display are needed to view OTA HDTV
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DTV OTA Reference Diagram

DEC SRC ENC RCV

ANT
XMT
SRC: source (studio, network feeds, remotes, metadata) ENC: MPEG2 encoder XMT: transmitter ANT: antenna RCV: receiver DEC: MPEG2 decoder AV: Audio/Visual (AC3 Dolby Sound, Program Guides, Programming)

AV

DTV & HDTV Benefits

DTV broadcasts streams may contain multiple channels of video, audio and data components- digitally compressed (MPEG2) Audio is presented in Dolby Digital Surround Sound (5.1) HDTV Video is almost 10 times higher in resolution than conventional TV Video formats more closely approximate those of theatrical movies
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Local DTV Broadcast Channels

Call Sign WXXI DT WUHF DT WROC DT WHEC DT WOKR DT WNYS DT WNLO DT WCNY DT Frequency (Mhz) 482-488 554-560 656-662 734-740 740-746 650-656 758-764 536-542 Network PBS FOX CBS NBC ABC WB (Syracuse) UPN (Buffalo) PBS (Syracuse)
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W-LAN Overview
W-LAN, 802.11 and WiFi are all names for wireless networking Networking allows computing devices to communicate with each other and to share resources and workloads Radio devices are used to replace wires in WLANs Wireless Access Points allow computing devices with wireless Adapter Cards to connect to WWW hosts, local hosts or peripherals on the net
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Wireless LAN Reference Diagram

WAP

MCD

WWW

ISP

MDM

FW

RTR
WWW: World Wide Web ISP: Internet Service Provider MDM: Modem (cable, DSL, Dial Up) FW: Fire Wall RTR: Router WAP: Wireless Access Point HS: Hot Spot MCD: Mobile Computing Device WD: Wired Device

HS

WD

W-LAN Benefits
Wireless networks give the ability to work and share computers from anywhere W-LANS are implemented with standards that describe how they should behave Standards allow interoperability between brands and lower costs Cheaper communication devices allow for community networks (eg. Caf Hotspots)
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IEEE W-LAN Standards

Standard
802.11b
802.11a 802.11g 802.15.1 Bluetooth 802.14 (ZigBee)

Max. Speed
11 Mbps
54 Mbps 54 Mbps 1 Mbps 250 kbps / 40 Mbps

Max. Indoor Range

100 m
50 m 100 m 10 m 10 m

Radio Frequency
2.4 Ghz
5 Ghz 2.4 Ghz 2.4 Ghz 915 Mhz / 2.4 Ghz

Usage
public hotspots
Business and home 802.11b compatible Device cable replacement Sensors Controllers

802.15.3 (future)

55 / 110 Mbps 10 m

2.4 / 3.1-10.6 Ghz

Personal LANS
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Mobile Telephony Overview

The first generation of wireless telephony began as cellular service in the 1960s We are now somewhere between the second (2G) and third (3G) generations There are multiple standards/providers of service in the USA and across the world There is little interoperability in handsets, but hand-off systems allow calls to move among the different wireless and wireline networks
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Mobile Telephone Reference Diagram

VLR PSTN

MS BTS/BSC

MSC MTSO

POTS

MS: mobile subscriber BTS: base terminal station BSC: base station controller MSC: mobile switching center MTSO: mobile telephone switching office HLR: home location register VLR: visitor location register PSTN: public switched telephone network POTS: plain old telephone service

HLR
BTS/BSC

MS
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Mobile Telephony Benefits

Very high mobility and connectivity (one-to many and many-to-many) Competitive market place many vendors offering packages which promote cost-savings, reliability, coverage and user features Handsets are multi-functional voice, data, video capture, email, contacts, reminders, games, caller ID, speaker phone, PTT, MP3/ACC players, blue tooth, voice recognition, video messaging
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Mobile Telephony Standards

Access Standard Company Provides Voice, Data, PTT, 1xRTT Voice, Data Voice, Data Voice, Data, PTT Voice, Data Whats Coming 1XEV-DO CDMA-2000 Edge 1XEV-DV Spectrum change GPRS, WCDMA, PTT Will Provide 300-500 kbps, to 2.4 Mbps 384 kbps data to 3.1 Mbps Address public safety concern 115 kbps data
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CDMA / TIA Verizon 95 TDMA / TIA Cingular / 136 AT&T CDMA / PCS TDMA / iDEN GSM Sprint Nextel T-Mobile, AT&T

In Appreciation
The IEEE Rochester, NY section is pleased to support the efforts of the 2004 E3 Fair. Our thanks to our visitors and the local businesses that helped with our demonstrations Belkin Components, Verizon Wireless and WXXI / PBS. Visit the IEEE website at http://www.r1.ieee.org/~roch/
Joseph DeVita, IEEE Rochester, NY PACE Chair

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